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Nath LR, B Gowda SG, Gowda D, Hou F, Chiba H, Hui SP. Dissecting new lipids and their composition in herbal tea using untargeted LC/MS. Food Chem 2024; 447:138941. [PMID: 38461726 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Herbal teas and beverages have gained global attention because they are rich in natural bioactive compounds, which are known to have diverse biological effects, including antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. However, the lipidomic profiles of herbal teas remain unclear. In this study, we applied an untargeted lipidomics approach using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry to comprehensively profile, compare, and identify unknown lipids in four herbal teas: dokudami, kumazasa, sugina, and yomogi. A total of 341 molecular species from five major classes of lipids were identified. Multivariate principal component analysis revealed distinct lipid compositions for each of the herbs. The fatty acid α-linolenic acid (FA 18:3) was found to be abundant in kumazasa, whereas arachidonic acid (FA 20:4) was the most abundant in sugina. Interestingly, novel lipids were discovered for the first time in plants; specifically, short-chain fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (SFAHFAs) with 4-hydroxy phenyl nonanoic acid as the structural core. This study provides insight into the lipidomic diversity and potential bioactive lipid components of herbal teas, offering a foundation for further research into their health-promoting properties and biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipsa Rani Nath
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan
| | - Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan.
| | - Divyavani Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Fengjue Hou
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma, Nishi-4-3-1-15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 007-0894, Japan
| | - Shu Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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2
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Jia T, Wang H, Cui S, Li Z, Shen Y, Li H, Xiao G. Cotton BLH1 and KNOX6 antagonistically modulate fiber elongation via regulation of linolenic acid biosynthesis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100887. [PMID: 38532644 PMCID: PMC11287173 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN (BLH) proteins are known to function in various plant developmental processes. However, the role of BLHs in regulating plant cell elongation is still unknown. Here, we identify a BLH gene, GhBLH1, that positively regulates fiber cell elongation. Combined transcriptomic and biochemical analyses reveal that GhBLH1 enhances linolenic acid accumulation to promote cotton fiber cell elongation by activating the transcription of GhFAD7A-1 via binding of the POX domain of GhBLH1 to the TGGA cis-element in the GhFAD7A-1 promoter. Knockout of GhFAD7A-1 in cotton significantly reduces fiber length, whereas overexpression of GhFAD7A-1 results in longer fibers. The K2 domain of GhKNOX6 directly interacts with the POX domain of GhBLH1 to form a functional heterodimer, which interferes with the transcriptional activation of GhFAD7A-1 via the POX domain of GhBLH1. Overexpression of GhKNOX6 leads to a significant reduction in cotton fiber length, whereas knockout of GhKNOX6 results in longer cotton fibers. An examination of the hybrid progeny of GhBLH1 and GhKNOX6 transgenic cotton lines provides evidence that GhKNOX6 negatively regulates GhBLH1-mediated cotton fiber elongation. Our results show that the interplay between GhBLH1 and GhKNOX6 modulates regulation of linolenic acid synthesis and thus contributes to plant cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Shiyan Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Geosystems Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Yongcui Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Guanghui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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3
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Zhu XM, Li L, Bao JD, Wang JY, Daskalov A, Liu XH, Del Poeta M, Lin FC. The biological functions of sphingolipids in plant pathogenic fungi. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011733. [PMID: 37943805 PMCID: PMC10635517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are critically significant in a range of biological processes in animals, plants, and fungi. In mammalian cells, they serve as vital components of the plasma membrane (PM) in maintaining its structure, tension, and fluidity. They also play a key role in a wide variety of biological processes, such as intracellular signal transduction, cell polarization, differentiation, and migration. In plants, sphingolipids are important for cell development and for cell response to environmental stresses. In pathogenic fungi, sphingolipids are crucial for the initiation and the development of infection processes afflicting humans. However, our knowledge on the metabolism and function of the sphingolipid metabolic pathway of pathogenic fungi affecting plants is still very limited. In this review, we discuss recent developments on sphingolipid pathways of plant pathogenic fungi, highlighting their uniqueness and similarity with plants and animals. In addition, we discuss recent advances in the research and development of fungal-targeted inhibitors of the sphingolipid pathway, to gain insights on how we can better control the infection process occurring in plants to prevent or/and to treat fungal infections in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Dong Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Asen Daskalov
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, United States of America
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Khan UM, Rana IA, Shaheen N, Raza Q, Rehman HM, Maqbool R, Khan IA, Atif RM. Comparative phylogenomic insights of KCS and ELO gene families in Brassica species indicate their role in seed development and stress responsiveness. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3577. [PMID: 36864046 PMCID: PMC9981734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) possess more than twenty carbon atoms and are the major components of seed storage oil, wax, and lipids. FAE (Fatty Acid Elongation) like genes take part in the biosynthesis of VLCFAs, growth regulation, and stress responses, and are further comprised of KCS (Ketoacyl-CoA synthase) and ELO (Elongation Defective Elongase) sub-gene families. The comparative genome-wide analysis and mode of evolution of KCS and ELO gene families have not been investigated in tetraploid Brassica carinata and its diploid progenitors. In this study, 53 KCS genes were identified in B. carinata compared to 32 and 33 KCS genes in B. nigra and B. oleracea respectively, which suggests that polyploidization might has impacted the fatty acid elongation process during Brassica evolution. Polyploidization has also increased the number of ELO genes in B. carinata (17) over its progenitors B. nigra (7) and B. oleracea (6). Based on comparative phylogenetics, KCS, and ELO proteins can be classified into eight and four major groups, respectively. The approximate date of divergence for duplicated KCS and ELO genes varied from 0.03 to 3.20 million years ago (MYA). Gene structure analysis indicated that the maximum number of genes were intron-less and remained conserved during evolution. The neutral type of selection seemed to be predominant in both KCS and ELO genes evolution. String-based protein-protein interaction analysis suggested that bZIP53, a transcription factor might be involved in the activation of transcription of ELO/KCS genes. The presence of biotic and abiotic stress-related cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region suggests that both KCS and ELO genes might also play their role in stress tolerance. The expression analysis of both gene family members reflect their preferential seed-specific expression, especially during the mature embryo development stage. Furthermore, some KCS and ELO genes were found to be specifically expressed under heat stress, phosphorus starvation, and Xanthomonas campestris infection. The current study provides a basis to understand the evolution of both KCS and ELO genes in fatty acid elongation and their role in stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Muhammad Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqrar Ahmad Rana
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Center of Agricultural Biotechnology and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Shaheen
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Raza
- Precision Agriculture and Analytics Lab, National Centre in Big Data and Cloud Computing, Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mamoon Rehman
- Center of Agricultural Biotechnology and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Maqbool
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqrar Ahmad Khan
- Precision Agriculture and Analytics Lab, National Centre in Big Data and Cloud Computing, Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Atif
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
- Precision Agriculture and Analytics Lab, National Centre in Big Data and Cloud Computing, Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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5
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Liu CJ. Cytochrome b 5: A versatile electron carrier and regulator for plant metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984174. [PMID: 36212330 PMCID: PMC9539407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome b 5 (CB5) is a small heme-binding protein, known as an electron donor delivering reducing power to the terminal enzymes involved in oxidative reactions. In plants, the CB5 protein family is substantially expanded both in its isoform numbers and cellular functions, compared to its yeast and mammalian counterparts. As an electron carrier, plant CB5 proteins function not only in fatty acid desaturation, hydroxylation and elongation, but also in the formation of specialized metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic esters, and heteropolymer lignin. Furthermore, plant CB5s are found to interact with different non-catalytic proteins such as ethylene signaling regulator, cell death inhibitor, and sugar transporters, implicating their versatile regulatory roles in coordinating different metabolic and cellular processes, presumably in respect to the cellular redox status and/or carbon availability. Compared to the plentiful studies on biochemistry and cellular functions of mammalian CB5 proteins, the cellular and metabolic roles of plant CB5 proteins have received far less attention. This article summarizes the fragmentary information pertaining to the discovery of plant CB5 proteins, and discusses the conventional and peculiar functions that plant CB5s might play in different metabolic and cellular processes. Gaining comprehensive insight into the biological functions of CB5 proteins could offer effective biotechnological solutions to tailor plant chemodiversity and cellular responses to environment stimuli.
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6
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Zeng HY, Bao HN, Chen YL, Chen DK, Zhang K, Liu SK, Yang L, Li YK, Yao N. The Two Classes of Ceramide Synthases Play Different Roles in Plant Immunity and Cell Death. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:824585. [PMID: 35463421 PMCID: PMC9021646 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.824585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide synthases (CSs) produce ceramides from long-chain bases (LCBs). However, how CSs regulate immunity and cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana remains unclear. Here, we decipher the roles of two classes of CS, CSI (LAG1 HOMOLOG 2, LOH2) and CSII (LOH1/3), in these processes. The loh1-2 and loh1-1 loh3-1 mutants were resistant to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola (Psm) DG3 and exhibited programmed cell death (PCD), along with increased LCBs and ceramides, at later stages. In loh1-2, the Psm resistance, PCD, and sphingolipid accumulation were mostly suppressed by inactivation of the lipase-like proteins ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4), and partly suppressed by loss of SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2 (SID2). The LOH1 inhibitor fumonisin B1 (FB1) triggered EDS1/PAD4-independent LCB accumulation, and EDS1/PAD4-dependent cell death, resistance to Psm, and C16 Cer accumulation. Loss of LOH2 enhances FB1-, and sphinganine-induced PCD, indicating that CSI negatively regulates the signaling triggered by CSII inhibition. Like Cer, LCBs mediate cell death and immunity signaling, partly through the EDS1/PAD4 pathway. Our results show that the two classes of ceramide synthases differentially regulate EDS1/PAD4-dependent PCD and immunity via subtle control of LCBs and Cers in Arabidopsis.
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7
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Zahran EM, Sayed AM, Abdelwahab MF, Albohy A, Abdulrazik BS, Ibrahim AM, Bringmann G, Abdelmohsen UR. Identifying the specific-targeted marine cerebrosides against SARS-CoV-2: an integrated computational approach. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36042-36059. [PMID: 35492761 PMCID: PMC9043436 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07103c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrosides are a group of metabolites belonging to the glycosphingolipids class of natural products. So far, 167 cerebrosides, compounds 1-167, have been isolated from diverse marine organisms or microorganisms. The as yet smaller number of compounds that have been studied more in depth proves a potential against challenging diseases, such as cancer, a range of viral and bacterial diseases, as well as inflammation. This review provides a comprehensive summary on this so far under-explored class of compounds, their chemical structures, bioactivities, and their marine sources, with a full coverage to the end of 2020. Today, the global pandemic concern, COVID-19, has claimed millions of death cases around the world, making the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs urgently needed for such a battle. Accordingly, selected examples from all subclasses of cerebrosides were virtually screened for potential inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 proteins that are crucially involved in the viral-host interaction, viral replication, or in disease progression. The results highlight five cerebrosides that could preferentially bind to the hACE2 protein, with binding scores between -7.1 and -7.6 kcal mol-1 and with the docking poses determined underneath the first α1-helix of the protein. Moreover, the molecular interaction determined by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation revealed that renieroside C1 (60) is more conveniently involved in key hydrophobic interactions with the best stability, least deviation, least ΔG (-6.9 kcal mol-1) and an RMSD value of 3.6 Å. Thus, the structural insights assure better binding affinity and favorable molecular interaction of renieroside C1 (60) towards the hACE2 protein, which plays a crucial role in the biology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Maher Zahran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University 61111 New Minia Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University 62513 Beni-Suef Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaaqal University 61014 Basra Iraq
| | - Miada F Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt +20-086-2369075 +20-086-2347759
| | - Amgad Albohy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE) Cairo 11837 Egypt
| | - Basma S Abdulrazik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE) Cairo 11837 Egypt
| | - Ayman M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University 61111 New Minia Egypt
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany +49-931-3184755 +49-931-3185323
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University 61111 New Minia Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt +20-086-2369075 +20-086-2347759
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8
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Liu NJ, Hou LP, Bao JJ, Wang LJ, Chen XY. Sphingolipid metabolism, transport, and functions in plants: Recent progress and future perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100214. [PMID: 34746760 PMCID: PMC8553973 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, which comprise membrane systems together with other lipids, are ubiquitous in cellular organisms. They show a high degree of diversity across plant species and vary in their structures, properties, and functions. Benefiting from the development of lipidomic techniques, over 300 plant sphingolipids have been identified. Generally divided into free long-chain bases (LCBs), ceramides, glycosylceramides (GlcCers) and glycosyl inositol phosphoceramides (GIPCs), plant sphingolipids exhibit organized aggregation within lipid membranes to form raft domains with sterols. Accumulating evidence has revealed that sphingolipids obey certain trafficking and distribution rules and confer unique properties to membranes. Functional studies using sphingolipid biosynthetic mutants demonstrate that sphingolipids participate in plant developmental regulation, stimulus sensing, and stress responses. Here, we present an updated metabolism/degradation map and summarize the structures of plant sphingolipids, review recent progress in understanding the functions of sphingolipids in plant development and stress responses, and review sphingolipid distribution and trafficking in plant cells. We also highlight some important challenges and issues that we may face during the process of studying sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Li-Pan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing-Jing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Gömann J, Herrfurth C, Zienkiewicz A, Ischebeck T, Haslam TM, Hornung E, Feussner I. Sphingolipid long-chain base hydroxylation influences plant growth and callose deposition in Physcomitrium patens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:297-314. [PMID: 33720428 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are enriched in microdomains in the plant plasma membrane (PM). Hydroxyl groups in the characteristic long-chain base (LCB) moiety might be essential for the interaction between sphingolipids and sterols during microdomain formation. Investigating LCB hydroxylase mutants in Physcomitrium patens might therefore reveal the role of certain plant sphingolipids in the formation of PM subdomains. Physcomitrium patens mutants for the LCB C-4 hydroxylase S4H were generated by homologous recombination. Plants were characterised by analysing their sphingolipid and steryl glycoside (SG) profiles and by investigating different gametophyte stages. s4h mutants lost the hydroxyl group at the C-4 position of their LCB moiety. Loss of this hydroxyl group caused global changes in the moss sphingolipidome and in SG composition. Changes in membrane lipid composition may trigger growth defects by interfering with the localisation of membrane-associated proteins that are crucial for growth processes such as signalling receptors or callose-modifying enzymes. Loss of LCB-C4 hydroxylation substantially changes the P. patens sphingolipidome and reveals a key role for S4H during development of nonvascular plants. Physcomitrium patens is a valuable model for studying the diversification of plant sphingolipids. The simple anatomy of P. patens facilitates visualisation of physiological processes in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Gömann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Tegan M Haslam
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Ellen Hornung
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
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10
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Li Y, Zhang J, Wang S, Zhang Y, Yang M. The Distribution and Origins of Pyrus hopeiensis-"Wild Plant With Tiny Population" Using Whole Genome Resequencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:668796. [PMID: 34220890 PMCID: PMC8250157 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.668796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrus hopeiensis is a valuable but endangered wild resource in the genus Pyrus. It has been listed as one of the 120 wild species with tiny population in China. The specie has been little studied. A preliminary study of propagation modes in P. hopeiensis was performed through seed propagation, hybridization, self-crossing trials, bud grafting, branch grafting, and investigations of natural growth. The results showed that the population size of P. hopeiensis was very small, the distribution range was limited, and the habitat was extremely degraded. In the wild population, natural hybridization and root tiller production were the major modes of propagation. Whole genome re-sequencing of the 23 wild and cultivated accessions from Pyrus species collected was performed using an Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform. The sequencing depth range was 26.56x-44.85x and the average sequencing depth was 32x. Phylogenetic tree and principal component analyses (PCA) based on SNPs showed that the wild Pyrus species, such as PWH06, PWH07, PWH09, PWH10, PWH13, and PWH17, were closely related to both P. hopeiensis HB-1 and P. hopeiensis HB-2. Using these results in combination with morphological characteristics, it speculated that P. hopeiensis populations may form a natural hybrid group with frequent gene exchanges between and within groups. A selective elimination analysis on the P. hopeiensis population were performed using Fst and π radio and a total of 381 overlapping genes including SAUR72, IAA20, HSFA2, and RKP genes were obtained. These genes were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) function enrichment. And four KEGG pathways, including lysine degradation, sphingolipid metabolism, other glycan degradation, and betaine biosynthesis were significantly enriched in the P. hopeiensis population. Our study provided information on genetic variation, evolutionary relationships, and gene enrichment in P. hopeiensis population. These data will help reveal the evolutionary history and origin of P. hopeiensis and provide guidelines for subsequent research on the locations of functional genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtan Li
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, China
| | - Minsheng Yang
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, China
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11
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Yu SY, Zhang Y, Lyu YP, Yao ZJ, Hu YH. Lipidomic profiling of the developing kernel clarifies the lipid metabolism of Paeonia ostii. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12605. [PMID: 34131230 PMCID: PMC8206221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid components in the developing kernel of Paeonia ostii were determined, and the fatty acid (FA) distributions in triacylglycerol and phospholipids were characterized. The lipids in the kernel were mainly phospholipids (43%), neutral glycerides (24%), fatty acyls (26%), and sphingolipids (4.5%). The dominant neutral glycerides were TAG and diacylglycerol. The PL components included phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. As the kernel developed, the profiles of the molecular species comprising TAG and PL changed, especially during the earlier phases of oil accumulation. During rapid oil accumulation, the abundances of sphingosine-1-phosphate, pyruvic acid, stearic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid changed significantly; the sphingolipid metabolism and unsaturated FAs biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched in these differentially abundant metabolites. Our results improve our understanding of lipid accumulation in tree peony seeds, and provide a framework for the analysis of lipid metabolisms in other oil crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Yan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yu-Ping Lyu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Zu-Jie Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yong-Hong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
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12
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Resemann HC, Herrfurth C, Feussner K, Hornung E, Ostendorf AK, Gömann J, Mittag J, van Gessel N, Vries JD, Ludwig-Müller J, Markham J, Reski R, Feussner I. Convergence of sphingolipid desaturation across over 500 million years of plant evolution. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:219-232. [PMID: 33495556 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
For plants, acclimation to low temperatures is fundamental to survival. This process involves the modification of lipids to maintain membrane fluidity. We previously identified a new cold-induced putative desaturase in Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens. Lipid profiles of null mutants of this gene lack sphingolipids containing monounsaturated C24 fatty acids, classifying the new protein as sphingolipid fatty acid denaturase (PpSFD). PpSFD mutants showed a cold-sensitive phenotype as well as higher susceptibility to the oomycete Pythium, assigning functions in stress tolerance for PpSFD. Ectopic expression of PpSFD in the Atads2.1 (acyl coenzyme A desaturase-like 2) Arabidopsis thaliana mutant functionally complemented its cold-sensitive phenotype. While these two enzymes catalyse a similar reaction, their evolutionary origin is clearly different since AtADS2 is a methyl-end desaturase whereas PpSFD is a cytochrome b5 fusion desaturase. Altogether, we suggest that adjustment of membrane fluidity evolved independently in mosses and seed plants, which diverged more than 500 million years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno Christoph Resemann
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Goettingen Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Goettingen Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Hornung
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anna K Ostendorf
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Gömann
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Mittag
- Institute of Botany, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nico van Gessel
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Applied Bioinformatics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer Markham
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
- Goettingen Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
- Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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13
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Yang T, Li Y, Liu Y, He L, Liu A, Wen J, Mysore KS, Tadege M, Chen J. The 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase WFL is involved in lateral organ development and cuticular wax synthesis in Medicago truncatula. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:193-204. [PMID: 33037987 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase involved in biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids and cuticular wax plays a vital role in aerial organ development in M. truncatula. Cuticular wax is composed of very long chain fatty acids and their derivatives. Defects in cuticular wax often result in organ fusion, but little is known about the role of cuticular wax in compound leaf and flower development in Medicago truncatula. In this study, through an extensive screen of a Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion population in M. truncatula, we identified four mutant lines, named wrinkled flower and leaf (wfl) for their phenotype. The phenotype of the wfl mutants is caused by a Tnt1 insertion in Medtr3g105550, encoding 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS), which functions as a rate-limiting enzyme in very long chain fatty acid elongation. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR showed that WFL was broadly expressed in aerial organs of the wild type, such as leaves, floral organs, and the shoot apical meristem, but was expressed at lower levels in roots. In situ hybridization showed a similar expression pattern, mainly detecting the WFL transcript in epidermal cells of the shoot apical meristem, leaf primordia, and floral organs. The wfl mutant leaves showed sparser epicuticular wax crystals on the surface and increased water permeability compared with wild type. Further analysis showed that in wfl leaves, the percentage of C20:0, C22:0, and C24:0 fatty acids was significantly increased, the amount of cuticular wax was markedly reduced, and wax constituents were altered compared to the wild type. The reduced formation of cuticular wax and wax composition changes on the leaf surface might lead to the developmental defects observed in the wfl mutants. These findings suggest that WFL plays a key role in cuticular wax formation and in the late stage of leaf and flower development in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianquan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Youhan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Liangliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resource Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Million Tadege
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
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14
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Shinya R, Kirino H, Morisaka H, Takeuchi-Kaneko Y, Futai K, Ueda M. Comparative Secretome and Functional Analyses Reveal Glycoside Hydrolase Family 30 and Cysteine Peptidase as Virulence Determinants in the Pinewood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:640459. [PMID: 33763098 PMCID: PMC7982738 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pine wilt disease, caused by the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is one of the world's most serious tree diseases. Although the B. xylophilus whole-genome sequence and comprehensive secretome profile have been determined over the past decade, it remains unclear what molecules are critical in pine wilt disease and govern B. xylophilus virulence in host pine trees. Here, a comparative secretome analysis among four isolates of B. xylophilus with distinct virulence levels was performed to identify virulence determinants. The four candidate virulence determinants of B. xylophilus highly secreted in virulent isolates included lipase (Bx-lip1), glycoside hydrolase family 30 (Bx-GH30), and two C1A family cysteine peptidases (Bx-CAT1 and Bx-CAT2). To validate the quantitative differences in the four potential virulence determinants among virulence groups at the protein level, we used real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis to investigate these determinants at the transcript level at three time points: pre-inoculation, 3 days after inoculation (dai), and 7 dai into pine seedlings. The transcript levels of Bx-CAT1, Bx-CAT2, and Bx-GH30 were significantly higher in virulent isolates than in avirulent isolates at pre-inoculation and 3 dai. A subsequent leaf-disk assay based on transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that the GH30 candidate virulent factor caused cell death in the plant. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Bx-CAT2 was involved in nutrient uptake for fungal feeding via soaking-mediated RNA interference. These findings indicate that the secreted proteins Bx-GH30 and Bx-CAT2 contribute to B. xylophilus virulence in host pine trees and may be involved in pine wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Shinya
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ryoji Shinya,
| | - Haru Kirino
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuyoshi Futai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ueda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Xu X, Zhang J, Yan B, Wei Y, Ge S, Li J, Han Y, Li Z, Zhao C, Xu J. The Adjustment of Membrane Lipid Metabolism Pathways in Maize Roots Under Saline-Alkaline Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635327. [PMID: 33790924 PMCID: PMC8006331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants are frequently confronted by diverse environmental stress, and the membrane lipids remodeling and signaling are essential for modulating the stress responses. Saline-alkaline stress is a major osmotic stress affecting the growth and development of crops. In this study, an integrated transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis was performed, and the metabolic changes of membrane lipid metabolism in maize (Zea mays) roots under saline-alkaline stress were investigated. The results revealed that phospholipids were major membrane lipids in maize roots, and phosphatidylcholine (PC) accounts for approximately 40% of the total lipids. Under 100 mmol NaHCO3 treatment, the level of PC decreased significantly (11-16%) and the parallel transcriptomic analysis showed an increased expression of genes encoding phospholipase A and phospholipase D/non-specific phospholipase C, which suggested an activated PC turnover under saline-alkaline stress. The plastidic galactolipid synthesis was also activated, and an abnormal generation of C34:6 galactolipids in 18:3 plants maize implied a plausible contribution from the prokaryotic pathway, which could be partially supported by the up-regulated expression of three putative plastid-localized phosphatidic acid phosphatase/lipid phosphate phosphatase. A comprehensive gene-metabolite network was constructed, and the regulation of membrane lipid metabolism under saline-alkaline stress in maize was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Xu
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Beijing Hortipolaris Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jinjie Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Bowei Yan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulei Wei
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shengnan Ge
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zuotong Li
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Changjiang Zhao
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- *Correspondence: Changjiang Zhao,
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Jingyu Xu,
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16
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Huang L, Xiao Q, Zhao X, Wang D, Wei L, Li X, Liu Y, He Z, Kang L, Guo Y. Responses of cuticular waxes of faba bean to light wavelengths and selection of candidate genes for cuticular wax biosynthesis. THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20058. [PMID: 33124766 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular waxes play important eco-physiological roles in protecting plants against abiotic and biotic stresses and show high sensitivity to environmental changes. In order to clarify the responses of cuticular waxes on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) leaves to different light wavelengths, the phenotypic plasticity of cuticular waxes was analyzed when plants were subjected to white, red, yellow, blue, and purple light. Leaf samples from yellow, purple, and white lights were further analyzed, and candidate genes of wax biosynthesis were selected by RNA-seq technology and transcriptome processing. Yellow light increased the total wax coverage and changed the crystal structure compared with leaves under white light. Light wavelengths changed the relative abundance of dominant primary alcohol from C24 under white, yellow, and red lights to C26 under blue and purple lights. In total, 100,194 unigenes were obtained, and 10 genes were annotated in wax biosynthesis pathway, including VLCFAs elongation (KCS1, KCS4, LACS2 and LACS9), acyl reduction pathway (FAR3 and WSD1), and decarboxylation pathway (CER1, CER3 and MAH1). qRT-PCR analysis revealed that yellow and purple lights significantly influenced the expression levels of these genes. Yellow light also increased the water loss rate and decreased the photosynthesis rate. Light at different wavelengths particularly yellow light induced the changes of phenotypic plasticity of cuticular waxes, which thus altered the leaf eco-physiological functions. The expression levels of genes related to wax biosynthesis were also altered by different light wavelengths, suggesting that light at different wavelengths may also be applied in selecting candidate genes involved in wax biosynthesis in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Qianlin Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Dengke Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yating Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhibin He
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Lin Kang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
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17
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Kovács T, Ahres M, Pálmai T, Kovács L, Uemura M, Crosatti C, Galiba G. Decreased R:FR Ratio in Incident White Light Affects the Composition of Barley Leaf Lipidome and Freezing Tolerance in a Temperature-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207557. [PMID: 33066276 PMCID: PMC7593930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In cereals, C-repeat binding factor genes have been defined as key components of the light quality-dependent regulation of frost tolerance by integrating phytochrome-mediated light and temperature signals. This study elucidates the differences in the lipid composition of barley leaves illuminated with white light or white light supplemented with far-red light at 5 or 15 °C. According to LC-MS analysis, far-red light supplementation increased the amount of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol species 36:6, 36:5, and 36:4 after 1 day at 5 °C, and 10 days at 15 °C resulted in a perturbed content of 38:6 species. Changes were observed in the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine under white light supplemented with far-red light illumination at 15 °C, whereas robust changes were observed in the amount of several phosphatidylserine species at 5 °C. At 15 °C, the amount of some phosphatidylglycerol species increased as a result of white light supplemented with far-red light illumination after 1 day. The ceramide (42:2)-3 content increased regardless of the temperature. The double-bond index of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine ceramide together with total double-bond index changed when the plant was grown at 15 °C as a function of white light supplemented with far-red light. white light supplemented with far-red light increased the monogalactosyldiacylglycerol/diacylglycerol ratio as well. The gene expression changes are well correlated with the alterations in the lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terézia Kovács
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamed Ahres
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (M.A.); (T.P.); (G.G.)
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Campus, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Tamás Pálmai
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (M.A.); (T.P.); (G.G.)
| | - László Kovács
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- Department of Plant-Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan;
| | - Cristina Crosatti
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, 29017 San Protaso, Italy;
| | - Gabor Galiba
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (M.A.); (T.P.); (G.G.)
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Campus, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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18
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Liu NJ, Wang N, Bao JJ, Zhu HX, Wang LJ, Chen XY. Lipidomic Analysis Reveals the Importance of GIPCs in Arabidopsis Leaf Extracellular Vesicles. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1523-1532. [PMID: 32717349 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanoparticles that play diverse roles in plant development and response. Recently, impressive progress has been made in the isolation and identification of the proteins and RNAs carried in plant EVs; however, the analysis of EV lipid compositions remains rudimentary. Here, we performed lipidomic analysis of Arabidopsis rosette leaf EVs, revealing a high abundance of certain groups of lipids, in particular sphingolipids, in the EVs. Remarkably, the EV sphingolipids are composed of nearly pure glycosylinositolphosphoceramides (GIPCs), which are green lineage abundant and negatively charged. We further showed that the Arabidopsis TETRASPANIN 8 (TET8) knockout mutant has a lower amount of cellular GIPCs and secrets fewer EVs, companied with impaired reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst toward stresses. Exogenous application of GIPCs promoted the secretion of EVs and ROS burst in both the WT and tet8 mutant. The characteristic enrichment of sphingolipid GIPCs provides valuable insights into the biogenesis and function of plant EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jing-Jing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui-Xian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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19
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Xue Y, Jiang J, Yang X, Jiang H, Du Y, Liu X, Xie R, Chai Y. Genome-wide mining and comparative analysis of fatty acid elongase gene family in Brassica napus and its progenitors. Gene 2020; 747:144674. [PMID: 32304781 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) that are structural components of cell membrane lipid, cuticular waxes and seed oil, play crucial roles in plant growth, development and stress response. Fatty acid elongases (FAEs) comprising KCS and ELO, are key enzymes for VLCFA biosynthesis in plants. Although reference genomes of Brassica napus and its parental speices both have been sequenced, whole-genome analysis of FAE gene family in these Brassica speices is not reported. Here, 58, 33 and 30 KCS genes were identified in B. napus, B. rapa and B. oleracea genomes, respectively, whereas 14, 6 and 8 members were obtained for ELO genes. These KCS genes were unevenly located in 37 chromosomes and 3 scaffolds of 3 Brassica species, while these ELO genes were mapped to 19 chromosomes. The KCS and ELO proteins were divided into 8 and 4 subclasses, respectively. Gene structure and protein motifs remained highly conserved in each KCS or ELO subclass. Most promoters of KCS and ELO genes harbored various plant growth-, phytohormone-, and stress response-related cis-acting elements. 20 SSR loci existed in the KCS and ELO genes/promoters. The whole-genome duplication and segmental duplication mainly contributed to expansion of KCS and ELO genes in these genomes. Transcriptome analysis showed that KCS and ELO genes in 3 Brassica species were expressed in various tissues/organs with different levels, whereas 1 BnELO gene and 6 BnKCS genes might be pathogen-responsive genes. The qRT-PCR assay showed that BnKCS22 and BnELO04 responded to various phytohormone treatments and abiotic stresses. This work lays the foundation for further function identification of KCS and ELO genes in B. napus and its progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xue
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiayi Jiang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xia Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huanhuan Jiang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Youjie Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruifang Xie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yourong Chai
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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20
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Liu NJ, Zhang T, Liu ZH, Chen X, Guo HS, Ju BH, Zhang YY, Li GZ, Zhou QH, Qin YM, Zhu YX. Phytosphinganine Affects Plasmodesmata Permeability via Facilitating PDLP5-Stimulated Callose Accumulation in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:128-143. [PMID: 31698047 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant plasmodesmata (PDs) are specialized channels that enable communication between neighboring cells. The intercellular permeability of PDs, which affects plant development, defense, and responses to stimuli, must be tightly regulated. However, the lipid compositions of PD membrane and their impact on PD permeability remain elusive. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis sld1 sld2 double mutant, lacking sphingolipid long-chain base 8 desaturases 1 and 2, displayed decreased PD permeability due to a significant increase in callose accumulation. PD-located protein 5 (PDLP5) was significantly enriched in the leaf epidermal cells of sld1 sld2 and showed specific binding affinity to phytosphinganine (t18:0), suggesting that the enrichment of t18:0-based sphingolipids in sld1 sld2 PDs might facilitate the recruitment of PDLP5 proteins to PDs. The sld1 sld2 double mutant seedlings showed enhanced resistance to the fungal-wilt pathogen Verticillium dahlia and the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, which could be fully rescued in sld1 sld2 pdlp5 triple mutant. Taken together, these results indicate that phytosphinganine might regulate PD functions and cell-to-cell communication by modifying the level of PDLP5 in PD membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Room 228, Jinguang Building, No. 5 in Yi-He Yuan Road, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Room 228, Jinguang Building, No. 5 in Yi-He Yuan Road, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Room 228, Jinguang Building, No. 5 in Yi-He Yuan Road, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Shan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Hang Ju
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Room 228, Jinguang Building, No. 5 in Yi-He Yuan Road, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Zhu Li
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang-Hui Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Mei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Room 228, Jinguang Building, No. 5 in Yi-He Yuan Road, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Xian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Room 228, Jinguang Building, No. 5 in Yi-He Yuan Road, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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21
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Plant-Unique cis/ trans Isomerism of Long-Chain Base Unsaturation is Selectively Required for Aluminum Tolerance Resulting from Glucosylceramide-Dependent Plasma Membrane Fluidity. PLANTS 2019; 9:plants9010019. [PMID: 31877922 PMCID: PMC7020186 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cis/trans isomerism of the Δ8 unsaturation of long-chain base (LCB) is found only in plant sphingolipids. This unique geometry is generated by sphingolipid LCB Δ8 desaturase SLD which produces both isomers at various ratios, resulting in diverse cis/trans ratios in plants. However, the biological significance of this isomeric diversity remains controversial. Here, we show that the plant-specific cis unsaturation of LCB selectively contributes to glucosylceramide (GlcCer)-dependent tolerance to aluminum toxicity. We established three transgenic rice lines with altered LCB unsaturation profiles. Overexpression of SLD from rice (OsSLD-OX), which preferentially exhibits cis-activity, or Arabidopsis (AtSLD-OX), showing preference for trans-activity, facilitated Δ8 unsaturation in different manners: a slight increase of cis-unsaturated glycosylinositolphosphoceramide (GIPC) in OsSLD-OX, and a drastic increase of trans-unsaturated GlcCer and GIPC in AtSLD-OX. Disruption of LCB Δ4 desaturase (des) significantly decreased the content of GlcCer. Fluorescence imaging analysis revealed that OsSLD-OX and AtSLD-OX showed increased plasma membrane fluidity, whereas des had less fluidity, demonstrating that the isomers universally contributed to increasing membrane fluidity. However, the results of a hydroponic assay showed decreased aluminum tolerance in AtSLD-OX and des compared to OsSLD-OX and the control plants, which did not correlate with membrane fluidity. These results suggest that cis-unsaturated GlcCer, not GIPC, selectively serves to maintain the membrane fluidity specifically associated with aluminum tolerance.
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22
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Han X, Mao L, Lu W, Wei X, Ying T, Luo Z. Positive Regulation of the Transcription of AchnKCS by a bZIP Transcription Factor in Response to ABA-Stimulated Suberization of Kiwifruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7390-7398. [PMID: 31244202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wound-induced suberization is an essentially protective healing process for wounded fruit to reduce water loss and microbial infection. It has been demonstrated that abscisic acid (ABA) could promote wound suberization, but the molecular mechanism of ABA regulation remains little known. In this study, the transcript level of Achn030011 (designated as AchnKCS), coding a β-ketoacyl-coenzyme A synthase (KCS) involved in suberin biosynthesis, was found to be significantly upregulated by ABA in wounded kiwifruit. A bZIP transcription factor (Achn270881), a possible downstream transcription factor in the ABA signaling pathway, was screened and designated as AchnbZIP12 according to its homology with related Arabidopsis transcription factors. A yeast one-hybrid assay demonstrated that AchnbZIP12 could interact with the AchnKCS promoter. Furthermore, significant trans-activation of AchnbZIP12 on AchnKCS was verified. The transcript level of AchnbZIP12 was also upregulated upon treatment with ABA. These results imply that AchnbZIP12 acts as a positive regulator in ABA-mediated AchnKCS transcription during wound suberization of kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Han
- School of Life Sciences , Shaoxing University , Shaoxing , Zhejiang Province 312000 , People's Republic of China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of AgroFood Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Linchun Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of AgroFood Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Research Institute , Zhejiang University , Ningbo 315100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Institute of Food Science , Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Wei
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of AgroFood Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of AgroFood Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of AgroFood Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
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23
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Zhao X, Wei J, He L, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Xu X, Wei Y, Ge S, Ding D, Liu M, Gao S, Xu J. Identification of Fatty Acid Desaturases in Maize and Their Differential Responses to Low and High Temperature. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10060445. [PMID: 31210171 PMCID: PMC6627218 DOI: 10.3390/genes10060445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant fatty acid desaturases (FADs) catalyze the desaturation of fatty acids in various forms and play important roles in regulating fatty acid composition and maintaining membrane fluidity under temperature stress. A total of 30 FADs were identified from a maize genome, including 13 soluble and 17 membrane-bound FADs, which were further classified into two and five sub-groups, respectively, via phylogenetic analysis. Although there is no evolutionary relationship between the soluble and the membrane-bound FADs, they all harbor a highly conserved FA_desaturase domain, and the types and the distributions of conserved motifs are similar within each sub-group. The transcriptome analysis revealed that genes encoding FADs exhibited different expression profiles under cold and heat stresses. The expression of ZmFAD2.1&2.2, ZmFAD7, and ZmSLD1&3 were significantly up-regulated under cold stress; moreover, the expression of ZmFAD2.1&2.3 and ZmSLD1&3 were obviously down-regulated under heat stress. The co-expression analysis demonstrated close correlation among the transcription factors and the significant responsive FAD genes under cold or heat stress. This study helps to understand the roles of plant FADs in temperature stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunchao Zhao
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Jinpeng Wei
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Lin He
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Yulei Wei
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Shengnan Ge
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Dong Ding
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Shuren Gao
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
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24
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Harrison PJ, Dunn T, Campopiano DJ. Sphingolipid biosynthesis in man and microbes. Nat Prod Rep 2018; 35:921-954. [PMID: 29863195 PMCID: PMC6148460 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00019k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new review covering up to 2018 Sphingolipids are essential molecules that, despite their long history, are still stimulating interest today. The reasons for this are that, as well as playing structural roles within cell membranes, they have also been shown to perform a myriad of cell signalling functions vital to the correct function of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Indeed, sphingolipid disregulation that alters the tightly-controlled balance of these key lipids has been closely linked to a number of diseases such as diabetes, asthma and various neuropathologies. Sphingolipid biogenesis, metabolism and regulation is mediated by a large number of enzymes, proteins and second messengers. There appears to be a core pathway common to all sphingolipid-producing organisms but recent studies have begun to dissect out important, species-specific differences. Many of these have only recently been discovered and in most cases the molecular and biochemical details are only beginning to emerge. Where there is a direct link from classic biochemistry to clinical symptoms, a number a drug companies have undertaken a medicinal chemistry campaign to try to deliver a therapeutic intervention to alleviate a number of diseases. Where appropriate, we highlight targets where natural products have been exploited as useful tools. Taking all these aspects into account this review covers the structural, mechanistic and regulatory features of sphingolipid biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Harrison
- School of Chemistry
, University of Edinburgh
,
David Brewster Road
, Edinburgh
, EH9 3FJ
, UK
.
| | - Teresa M. Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
, Uniformed Services University
,
Bethesda
, Maryland
20814
, USA
| | - Dominic J. Campopiano
- School of Chemistry
, University of Edinburgh
,
David Brewster Road
, Edinburgh
, EH9 3FJ
, UK
.
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25
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Ishikawa T, Fang L, Rennie EA, Sechet J, Yan J, Jing B, Moore W, Cahoon EB, Scheller HV, Kawai-Yamada M, Mortimer JC. GLUCOSAMINE INOSITOLPHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE TRANSFERASE1 (GINT1) Is a GlcNAc-Containing Glycosylinositol Phosphorylceramide Glycosyltransferase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:938-952. [PMID: 29760197 PMCID: PMC6053017 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs), which have a ceramide core linked to a glycan headgroup of varying structures, are the major sphingolipids in the plant plasma membrane. Recently, we identified the major biosynthetic genes for GIPC glycosylation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and demonstrated that the glycan headgroup is essential for plant viability. However, the function of GIPCs and the significance of their structural variation are poorly understood. Here, we characterized the Arabidopsis glycosyltransferase GLUCOSAMINE INOSITOLPHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE TRANSFERASE1 (GINT1) and showed that it is responsible for the glycosylation of a subgroup of GIPCs found in seeds and pollen that contain GlcNAc and GlcN [collectively GlcN(Ac)]. In Arabidopsis gint1 plants, loss of the GlcN(Ac) GIPCs did not affect vegetative growth, although seed germination was less sensitive to abiotic stress than in wild-type plants. However, in rice, where GlcN(Ac) containing GIPCs are the major GIPC subgroup in vegetative tissue, loss of GINT1 was seedling lethal. Furthermore, we could produce, de novo, "rice-like" GlcN(Ac) GIPCs in Arabidopsis leaves, which allowed us to test the function of different sugars in the GIPC headgroup. This study describes a monocot GIPC biosynthetic enzyme and shows that its Arabidopsis homolog has the same biochemical function. We also identify a possible role for GIPCs in maintaining cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Lin Fang
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Emilie A Rennie
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Julien Sechet
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jingwei Yan
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Beibei Jing
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - William Moore
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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26
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The TORC2-Dependent Signaling Network in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7030066. [PMID: 28872598 PMCID: PMC5618247 DOI: 10.3390/biom7030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To grow, eukaryotic cells must expand by inserting glycerolipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and proteins into their plasma membrane, and maintain the proper levels and bilayer distribution. A fungal cell must coordinate growth with enlargement of its cell wall. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a plasma membrane-localized protein kinase complex, Target of Rapamicin (TOR) complex-2 (TORC2) (mammalian ortholog is mTORC2), serves as a sensor and master regulator of these plasma membrane- and cell wall-associated events by directly phosphorylating and thereby stimulating the activity of two types of effector protein kinases: Ypk1 (mammalian ortholog is SGK1), along with a paralog (Ypk2); and, Pkc1 (mammalian ortholog is PKN2/PRK2). Ypk1 is a central regulator of pathways and processes required for plasma membrane lipid and protein homeostasis, and requires phosphorylation on its T-loop by eisosome-associated protein kinase Pkh1 (mammalian ortholog is PDK1) and a paralog (Pkh2). For cell survival under various stresses, Ypk1 function requires TORC2-mediated phosphorylation at multiple sites near its C terminus. Pkc1 controls diverse processes, especially cell wall synthesis and integrity. Pkc1 is also regulated by Pkh1- and TORC2-dependent phosphorylation, but, in addition, by interaction with Rho1-GTP and lipids phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and diacylglycerol (DAG). We also describe here what is currently known about the downstream substrates modulated by Ypk1-mediated and Pkc1-mediated phosphorylation.
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27
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The Stress-Sensing TORC2 Complex Activates Yeast AGC-Family Protein Kinase Ypk1 at Multiple Novel Sites. Genetics 2017; 207:179-195. [PMID: 28739659 PMCID: PMC5586371 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) target of rapamycin (TOR) complex 2 (TORC2) is a multi-subunit plasma membrane-associated protein kinase and vital growth regulator. Its essential functions are exerted via phosphorylation and stimulation of downstream protein kinase Ypk1 (and its paralog Ypk2). Ypk1 phosphorylates multiple substrates to regulate plasma membrane lipid and protein composition. Ypk1 function requires phosphorylation of Thr504 in its activation loop by eisosome-associated Pkh1 (and its paralog Pkh2). For cell survival under certain stresses, however, Ypk1 activity requires further stimulation by TORC2-mediated phosphorylation at C-terminal sites, dubbed the “turn” (Ser644) and “hydrophobic” (Thr662) motifs. Here we show that four additional C-terminal sites are phosphorylated in a TORC2-dependent manner, collectively defining a minimal consensus. We found that the newly identified sites are as important for Ypk1 activity, stability, and biological function as Ser644 and Thr662. Ala substitutions at the four new sites abrogated the ability of Ypk1 to rescue the phenotypes of Ypk1 deficiency, whereas Glu substitutions had no ill effect. Combining the Ala substitutions with an N-terminal mutation (D242A), which has been demonstrated to bypass the need for TORC2-mediated phosphorylation, restored the ability to complement a Ypk1-deficient cell. These findings provide new insights about the molecular basis for TORC2-dependent activation of Ypk1.
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28
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Zhao L, Fu HY, Raju R, Vishwanathan N, Hu WS. Unveiling gene trait relationship by cross-platform meta-analysis on Chinese hamster ovary cell transcriptome. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1583-1592. [PMID: 28218403 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, transcriptome analysis has been increasingly employed to better understand the physiology of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells at a global level. As more transcriptome data accumulated, meta-analysis on data sets collected from various sources can potentially provide better insights on common properties of those cells. Here, we performed meta-analysis on transcriptome data of different CHO cell lines obtained using NimbleGen or Affymetrix microarray platforms. Hierarchical clustering, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) accordantly showed the samples were clustered into two groups: one consists of adherent cells in serum-containing medium, and the other suspension cells in serum-free medium. Genes that were differentially expressed between the two clusters were enriched in a few functional classes by Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) of which many were common with the enriched gene sets identified by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), including extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and lipid related metabolism pathways. Despite the heterogeneous sources of the cell samples, the adherent and suspension growth characteristics and serum-supplementation appear to be a dominant feature in the transcriptome. The results demonstrated that meta-analysis of transcriptome could uncover features in combined data sets that individual data set might not reveal. As transcriptome data sets accumulate over time, meta-analysis will become even more revealing. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1583-1592. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hsu-Yuan Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ravali Raju
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nandita Vishwanathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wei-Shou Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Characterization and expression analysis of inositolphosphorylceramide synthase family genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Xu L, Zeisler V, Schreiber L, Gao J, Hu K, Wen J, Yi B, Shen J, Ma C, Tu J, Fu T. Overexpression of the Novel Arabidopsis Gene At5g02890 Alters Inflorescence Stem Wax Composition and Affects Phytohormone Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:68. [PMID: 28184233 PMCID: PMC5266714 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle is composed of cutin and cuticular wax. It covers the surfaces of land plants and protects them against environmental damage. At5g02890 encodes a novel protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the current study, protein sequence analysis showed that At5g02890 is highly conserved in the Brassicaceae. Arabidopsis lines overexpressing At5g02890 (OE-At5g02890 lines) and an At5g02890 orthologous gene from Brassica napus (OE-Bn1 lines) exhibited glossy stems. Chemical analysis revealed that overexpression of At5g02890 caused significant reductions in the levels of wax components longer than 28 carbons (C28) in inflorescence stems, whereas the levels of wax molecules of chain length C28 or shorter were significantly increased. Transcriptome analysis indicated that nine of 11 cuticular wax synthesis-related genes with different expression levels in OE-At5g02890 plants are involved in very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) elongation. At5g02890 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is consistent with its function in cuticular wax biosynthesis. These results demonstrate that the overexpression of At5g02890 alters cuticular wax composition by partially blocking VLCFA elongation of C28 and higher. In addition, detailed analysis of differentially expressed genes associated with plant hormones and endogenous phytohormone levels in wild-type and OE-At5g02890 plants indicated that abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) biosynthesis, as well as polar auxin transport, were also affected by overexpression of At5g02890. Taken together, these findings indicate that overexpression of At5g02890 affects both cuticular wax biosynthesis and phytohormone homeostasis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Viktoria Zeisler
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Jie Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Kaining Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Yi
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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31
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Fang L, Ishikawa T, Rennie EA, Murawska GM, Lao J, Yan J, Tsai AYL, Baidoo EEK, Xu J, Keasling JD, Demura T, Kawai-Yamada M, Scheller HV, Mortimer JC. Loss of Inositol Phosphorylceramide Sphingolipid Mannosylation Induces Plant Immune Responses and Reduces Cellulose Content in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:2991-3004. [PMID: 27895225 PMCID: PMC5240734 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs) are a class of glycosylated sphingolipids found in plants, fungi, and protozoa. These lipids are abundant in the plant plasma membrane, forming ∼25% of total plasma membrane lipids. Little is known about the function of the glycosylated headgroup, but two recent studies have indicated that they play a key role in plant signaling and defense. Here, we show that a member of glycosyltransferase family 64, previously named ECTOPICALLY PARTING CELLS1, is likely a Golgi-localized GIPC-specific mannosyl-transferase, which we renamed GIPC MANNOSYL-TRANSFERASE1 (GMT1). Sphingolipid analysis revealed that the Arabidopsis thaliana gmt1 mutant almost completely lacks mannose-carrying GIPCs. Heterologous expression of GMT1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cv Bright Yellow 2 resulted in the production of non-native mannosylated GIPCs. gmt1 displays a severe dwarfed phenotype and a constitutive hypersensitive response characterized by elevated salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide levels, similar to that we previously reported for the Golgi-localized, GIPC-specific, GDP-Man transporter GONST1 (Mortimer et al., 2013). Unexpectedly, we show that gmt1 cell walls have a reduction in cellulose content, although other matrix polysaccharides are unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fang
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Emilie A Rennie
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Gosia M Murawska
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jeemeng Lao
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jingwei Yan
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Alex Yi-Lin Tsai
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Edward E K Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Taku Demura
- Cellulose Production Research Team, Biomass Engineering Program, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192 Nara, Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Hegebarth D, Buschhaus C, Wu M, Bird D, Jetter R. The composition of surface wax on trichomes of Arabidopsis thaliana differs from wax on other epidermal cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:762-774. [PMID: 27496682 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To protect plants against biotic and abiotic stress, the waxy cuticle must coat all epidermis cells. Here, two independent approaches addressed whether cell-type-specific differences exist between wax compositions on trichomes and other epidermal cells of Arabidopsis thaliana, possibly with different protection roles. First, the total waxes from a mutant lacking trichomes (gl1) were compared to waxes from wild type and a trichome-rich mutant (cpc tcl1 etc1 etc3). In the stem wax, compounds with aliphatic chains longer than 31 carbons (derived from C32 precursors) increased in relative abundance in cpc tcl1 etc1 etc3 over gl1. Similarly, the leaf wax from the trichome-rich mutant contained higher amounts of C32+ compounds as compared to gl1. Second, leaf trichomes were isolated, and their waxes were analyzed. The wax mixtures of the trichome-rich mutant and the wild type were similar, comprising alkanes and alkenes as well as branched and unbranched primary alcohols. The direct analyses of trichome waxes confirmed that they contained relatively high concentrations of C32+ compounds, compared with the pavement cell wax inferred from analysis of gl1 leaves. Finally, the cell-type-specific wax compositions were put into perspective with expression patterns of wax biosynthesis genes in trichomes and pavement cells. Analyses of published transcriptome data (Marks et al., ) revealed that core enzymes involved in elongation of wax precursors to various carbon chain lengths are expressed differentially between epidermis cell types. By combining the chemical and gene expression data, we identified promising gene candidates involved in the formation of C32+ aliphatic chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hegebarth
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christopher Buschhaus
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - May Wu
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David Bird
- Department of Biology, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6K6, Canada
| | - Reinhard Jetter
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 6174 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Michaelson LV, Napier JA, Molino D, Faure JD. Plant sphingolipids: Their importance in cellular organization and adaption. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1861:1329-1335. [PMID: 27086144 PMCID: PMC4970446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids and their phosphorylated derivatives are ubiquitous bio-active components of cells. They are structural elements in the lipid bilayer and contribute to the dynamic nature of the membrane. They have been implicated in many cellular processes in yeast and animal cells, including aspects of signaling, apoptosis, and senescence. Although sphingolipids have a better defined role in animal systems, they have been shown to be central to many essential processes in plants including but not limited to, pollen development, signal transduction and in the response to biotic and abiotic stress. A fuller understanding of the roles of sphingolipids within plants has been facilitated by classical biochemical studies and the identification of mutants of model species. Recently the development of powerful mass spectrometry techniques hailed the advent of the emerging field of lipidomics enabling more accurate sphingolipid detection and quantitation. This review will consider plant sphingolipid biosynthesis and function in the context of these new developments. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise V Michaelson
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Diana Molino
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités - UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Denis Faure
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France; Agro Paris Tech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France.
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34
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Xiao GH, Wang K, Huang G, Zhu YX. Genome-scale analysis of the cotton KCS gene family revealed a binary mode of action for gibberellin A regulated fiber growth. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:577-89. [PMID: 26399709 PMCID: PMC5061104 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Production of β-ketoacyl-CoA, which is catalyzed by 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS), is the first step in very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis. Here we identified 58 KCS genes from Gossypium hirsutum, 31 from G. arboreum and 33 from G. raimondii by searching the assembled cotton genomes. The gene family was divided into the plant-specific FAE1-type and the more general ELO-type. KCS transcripts were widely expressed and 32 of them showed distinct subgenome-specific expressions in one or more cotton tissues/organs studied. Six GhKCS genes rescued the lethality of elo2Δelo3Δ yeast double mutant, indicating that this gene family possesses diversified functions. Most KCS genes with GA-responsive elements (GAREs) in the promoters were significantly upregulated by gibberellin A3 (GA). Exogenous GA3 not only promoted fiber length, but also increased the thickness of cell walls significantly. GAREs present also in the promoters of several cellulose synthase (CesA) genes required for cell wall biosynthesis and they were all induced significantly by GA3 . Because GA treatment resulted in longer cotton fibers with thicker cell walls and higher dry weight per unit cell length, we suggest that it may regulate fiber elongation upstream of the VLCFA-ethylene pathway and also in the downstream steps towards cell wall synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies/College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gai Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Xian Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Institute for Advanced Studies/College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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35
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Kohli GS, John U, Van Dolah FM, Murray SA. Evolutionary distinctiveness of fatty acid and polyketide synthesis in eukaryotes. ISME JOURNAL 2016; 10:1877-90. [PMID: 26784357 PMCID: PMC5029157 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids, which are essential cell membrane constituents and fuel storage molecules, are thought to share a common evolutionary origin with polyketide toxins in eukaryotes. While fatty acids are primary metabolic products, polyketide toxins are secondary metabolites that are involved in ecologically relevant processes, such as chemical defence, and produce the adverse effects of harmful algal blooms. Selection pressures on such compounds may be different, resulting in differing evolutionary histories. Surprisingly, some studies of dinoflagellates have suggested that the same enzymes may catalyse these processes. Here we show the presence and evolutionary distinctiveness of genes encoding six key enzymes essential for fatty acid production in 13 eukaryotic lineages for which no previous sequence data were available (alveolates: dinoflagellates, Vitrella, Chromera; stramenopiles: bolidophytes, chrysophytes, pelagophytes, raphidophytes, dictyochophytes, pinguiophytes, xanthophytes; Rhizaria: chlorarachniophytes, haplosporida; euglenids) and 8 other lineages (apicomplexans, bacillariophytes, synurophytes, cryptophytes, haptophytes, chlorophyceans, prasinophytes, trebouxiophytes). The phylogeny of fatty acid synthase genes reflects the evolutionary history of the organism, indicating selection to maintain conserved functionality. In contrast, polyketide synthase gene families are highly expanded in dinoflagellates and haptophytes, suggesting relaxed constraints in their evolutionary history, while completely absent from some protist lineages. This demonstrates a vast potential for the production of bioactive polyketide compounds in some lineages of microbial eukaryotes, indicating that the evolution of these compounds may have played an important role in their ecological success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet S Kohli
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Frances M Van Dolah
- Marine Biotoxins Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Coastal and Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Shauna A Murray
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
Sphingolipids, a once overlooked class of lipids in plants, are now recognized as abundant and essential components of plasma membrane and other endomembranes of plant cells. In addition to providing structural integrity to plant membranes, sphingolipids contribute to Golgi trafficking and protein organizational domains in the plasma membrane. Sphingolipid metabolites have also been linked to the regulation of cellular processes, including programmed cell death. Advances in mass spectrometry-based sphingolipid profiling and analyses of Arabidopsis mutants have enabled fundamental discoveries in sphingolipid structural diversity, metabolism, and function that are reviewed here. These discoveries are laying the groundwork for the tailoring of sphingolipid biosynthesis and catabolism for improved tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Luttgeharm
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Athen N Kimberlin
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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Magnin-Robert M, Le Bourse D, Markham J, Dorey S, Clément C, Baillieul F, Dhondt-Cordelier S. Modifications of Sphingolipid Content Affect Tolerance to Hemibiotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogens by Modulating Plant Defense Responses in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2255-74. [PMID: 26378098 PMCID: PMC4634087 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are emerging as second messengers in programmed cell death and plant defense mechanisms. However, their role in plant defense is far from being understood, especially against necrotrophic pathogens. Sphingolipidomics and plant defense responses during pathogenic infection were evaluated in the mutant of long-chain base phosphate (LCB-P) lyase, encoded by the dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate lyase1 (AtDPL1) gene and regulating long-chain base/LCB-P homeostasis. Atdpl1 mutants exhibit tolerance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea but susceptibility to the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst). Here, a direct comparison of sphingolipid profiles in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) during infection with pathogens differing in lifestyles is described. In contrast to long-chain bases (dihydrosphingosine [d18:0] and 4,8-sphingadienine [d18:2]), hydroxyceramide and LCB-P (phytosphingosine-1-phosphate [t18:0-P] and 4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine-1-phosphate [t18:1-P]) levels are higher in Atdpl1-1 than in wild-type plants in response to B. cinerea. Following Pst infection, t18:0-P accumulates more strongly in Atdpl1-1 than in wild-type plants. Moreover, d18:0 and t18:0-P appear as key players in Pst- and B. cinerea-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Salicylic acid levels are similar in both types of plants, independent of the pathogen. In addition, salicylic acid-dependent gene expression is similar in both types of B. cinerea-infected plants but is repressed in Atdpl1-1 after treatment with Pst. Infection with both pathogens triggers higher jasmonic acid, jasmonoyl-isoleucine accumulation, and jasmonic acid-dependent gene expression in Atdpl1-1 mutants. Our results demonstrate that sphingolipids play an important role in plant defense, especially toward necrotrophic pathogens, and highlight a novel connection between the jasmonate signaling pathway, cell death, and sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Magnin-Robert
- Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vin de Champagne Equipe d'Accueil 4707, Laboratoire Stress Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet Fédération de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51687 Reims cedex 2, France (M.M.-R., S.D., C.C., F.B., S.D.-C.); andCenter for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (D.L.B., J.M.)
| | - Doriane Le Bourse
- Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vin de Champagne Equipe d'Accueil 4707, Laboratoire Stress Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet Fédération de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51687 Reims cedex 2, France (M.M.-R., S.D., C.C., F.B., S.D.-C.); andCenter for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (D.L.B., J.M.)
| | - Jonathan Markham
- Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vin de Champagne Equipe d'Accueil 4707, Laboratoire Stress Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet Fédération de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51687 Reims cedex 2, France (M.M.-R., S.D., C.C., F.B., S.D.-C.); andCenter for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (D.L.B., J.M.)
| | - Stéphan Dorey
- Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vin de Champagne Equipe d'Accueil 4707, Laboratoire Stress Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet Fédération de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51687 Reims cedex 2, France (M.M.-R., S.D., C.C., F.B., S.D.-C.); andCenter for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (D.L.B., J.M.)
| | - Christophe Clément
- Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vin de Champagne Equipe d'Accueil 4707, Laboratoire Stress Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet Fédération de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51687 Reims cedex 2, France (M.M.-R., S.D., C.C., F.B., S.D.-C.); andCenter for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (D.L.B., J.M.)
| | - Fabienne Baillieul
- Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vin de Champagne Equipe d'Accueil 4707, Laboratoire Stress Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet Fédération de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51687 Reims cedex 2, France (M.M.-R., S.D., C.C., F.B., S.D.-C.); andCenter for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (D.L.B., J.M.)
| | - Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier
- Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vin de Champagne Equipe d'Accueil 4707, Laboratoire Stress Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet Fédération de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51687 Reims cedex 2, France (M.M.-R., S.D., C.C., F.B., S.D.-C.); andCenter for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (D.L.B., J.M.)
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Luttgeharm KD, Chen M, Mehra A, Cahoon RE, Markham JE, Cahoon EB. Overexpression of Arabidopsis Ceramide Synthases Differentially Affects Growth, Sphingolipid Metabolism, Programmed Cell Death, and Mycotoxin Resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:1108-17. [PMID: 26276842 PMCID: PMC4587468 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide synthases catalyze an N-acyltransferase reaction using fatty acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and long-chain base (LCB) substrates to form the sphingolipid ceramide backbone and are targets for inhibition by the mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1). Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains three genes encoding ceramide synthases with distinct substrate specificities: LONGEVITY ASSURANCE GENE ONE HOMOLOG1 (LOH1; At3g25540)- and LOH3 (At1g19260)-encoded ceramide synthases use very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA and trihydroxy LCB substrates, and LOH2 (At3g19260)-encoded ceramide synthase uses palmitoyl-CoA and dihydroxy LCB substrates. In this study, complementary DNAs for each gene were overexpressed to determine the role of individual isoforms in physiology and sphingolipid metabolism. Differences were observed in growth resulting from LOH1 and LOH3 overexpression compared with LOH2 overexpression. LOH1- and LOH3-overexpressing plants had enhanced biomass relative to wild-type plants, due in part to increased cell division, suggesting that enhanced synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acid/trihydroxy LCB ceramides promotes cell division and growth. Conversely, LOH2 overexpression resulted in dwarfing. LOH2 overexpression also resulted in the accumulation of sphingolipids with C16 fatty acid/dihydroxy LCB ceramides, constitutive induction of programmed cell death, and accumulation of salicylic acid, closely mimicking phenotypes observed previously in LCB C-4 hydroxylase mutants defective in trihydroxy LCB synthesis. In addition, LOH2- and LOH3-overexpressing plants acquired increased resistance to FB1, whereas LOH1-overexpressing plants showed no increase in FB1 resistance, compared with wild-type plants, indicating that LOH1 ceramide synthase is most strongly inhibited by FB1. Overall, the findings described here demonstrate that overexpression of Arabidopsis ceramide synthases results in strongly divergent physiological and metabolic phenotypes, some of which have significance for improved plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Luttgeharm
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Ming Chen
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Amit Mehra
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Rebecca E Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Jennifer E Markham
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
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Yamauchi T, Shiono K, Nagano M, Fukazawa A, Ando M, Takamure I, Mori H, Nishizawa NK, Kawai-Yamada M, Tsutsumi N, Kato K, Nakazono M. Ethylene Biosynthesis Is Promoted by Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids during Lysigenous Aerenchyma Formation in Rice Roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:180-93. [PMID: 26036614 PMCID: PMC4577372 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In rice (Oryza sativa) roots, lysigenous aerenchyma, which is created by programmed cell death and lysis of cortical cells, is constitutively formed under aerobic conditions, and its formation is further induced under oxygen-deficient conditions. Ethylene is involved in the induction of aerenchyma formation. reduced culm number1 (rcn1) is a rice mutant in which the gene encoding the ATP-binding cassette transporter RCN1/OsABCG5 is defective. Here, we report that the induction of aerenchyma formation was reduced in roots of rcn1 grown in stagnant deoxygenated nutrient solution (i.e. under stagnant conditions, which mimic oxygen-deficient conditions in waterlogged soils). 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) is a key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis. Stagnant conditions hardly induced the expression of ACS1 in rcn1 roots, resulting in low ethylene production in the roots. Accumulation of saturated very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) of 24, 26, and 28 carbons was reduced in rcn1 roots. Exogenously supplied VLCFA (26 carbons) increased the expression level of ACS1 and induced aerenchyma formation in rcn1 roots. Moreover, in rice lines in which the gene encoding a fatty acid elongase, CUT1-LIKE (CUT1L; a homolog of the gene encoding Arabidopsis CUT1, which is required for cuticular wax production), was silenced, both ACS1 expression and aerenchyma formation were reduced. Interestingly, the expression of ACS1, CUT1L, and RCN1/OsABCG5 was induced predominantly in the outer part of roots under stagnant conditions. These results suggest that, in rice under oxygen-deficient conditions, VLCFAs increase ethylene production by promoting 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid biosynthesis in the outer part of roots, which, in turn, induces aerenchyma formation in the root cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.Y., A.F., H.M., Mik.N.);Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1195, Japan (K.S.);Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan (Min.N., M.K.-Y.);Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (M.A., N.K.N., N.T.);Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (I.T.);Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan (N.K.N.); andDepartment of Crop Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Katsuhiro Shiono
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.Y., A.F., H.M., Mik.N.);Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1195, Japan (K.S.);Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan (Min.N., M.K.-Y.);Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (M.A., N.K.N., N.T.);Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (I.T.);Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan (N.K.N.); andDepartment of Crop Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Minoru Nagano
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.Y., A.F., H.M., Mik.N.);Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1195, Japan (K.S.);Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan (Min.N., M.K.-Y.);Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (M.A., N.K.N., N.T.);Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (I.T.);Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan (N.K.N.); andDepartment of Crop Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Aya Fukazawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.Y., A.F., H.M., Mik.N.);Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1195, Japan (K.S.);Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan (Min.N., M.K.-Y.);Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (M.A., N.K.N., N.T.);Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (I.T.);Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan (N.K.N.); andDepartment of Crop Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Miho Ando
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.Y., A.F., H.M., Mik.N.);Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1195, Japan (K.S.);Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan (Min.N., M.K.-Y.);Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (M.A., N.K.N., N.T.);Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (I.T.);Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan (N.K.N.); andDepartment of Crop Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Itsuro Takamure
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.Y., A.F., H.M., Mik.N.);Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1195, Japan (K.S.);Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan (Min.N., M.K.-Y.);Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (M.A., N.K.N., N.T.);Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (I.T.);Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan (N.K.N.); andDepartment of Crop Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Hitoshi Mori
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.Y., A.F., H.M., Mik.N.);Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1195, Japan (K.S.);Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan (Min.N., M.K.-Y.);Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (M.A., N.K.N., N.T.);Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (I.T.);Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan (N.K.N.); andDepartment of Crop Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.Y., A.F., H.M., Mik.N.);Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1195, Japan (K.S.);Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan (Min.N., M.K.-Y.);Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (M.A., N.K.N., N.T.);Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (I.T.);Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan (N.K.N.); andDepartment of Crop Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.Y., A.F., H.M., Mik.N.);Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1195, Japan (K.S.);Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan (Min.N., M.K.-Y.);Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (M.A., N.K.N., N.T.);Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (I.T.);Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan (N.K.N.); andDepartment of Crop Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Nobuhiro Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.Y., A.F., H.M., Mik.N.);Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1195, Japan (K.S.);Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan (Min.N., M.K.-Y.);Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (M.A., N.K.N., N.T.);Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (I.T.);Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan (N.K.N.); andDepartment of Crop Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Kiyoaki Kato
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.Y., A.F., H.M., Mik.N.);Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1195, Japan (K.S.);Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan (Min.N., M.K.-Y.);Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (M.A., N.K.N., N.T.);Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (I.T.);Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan (N.K.N.); andDepartment of Crop Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.Y., A.F., H.M., Mik.N.);Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1195, Japan (K.S.);Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan (Min.N., M.K.-Y.);Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (M.A., N.K.N., N.T.);Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (I.T.);Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan (N.K.N.); andDepartment of Crop Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (K.K.)
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Protein and gene expression characteristics of a rice phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase Osppc3; its unique role for seed cell maturation. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lee SB, Suh MC. Advances in the understanding of cuticular waxes in Arabidopsis thaliana and crop species. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:557-72. [PMID: 25693495 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The aerial parts of plants are covered with a cuticle, a hydrophobic layer consisting of cutin polyester and cuticular waxes that protects them from various environmental stresses. Cuticular waxes mainly comprise very long chain fatty acids and their derivatives such as aldehydes, alkanes, secondary alcohols, ketones, primary alcohols, and wax esters that are also important raw materials for the production of lubricants, adhesives, cosmetics, and biofuels. The major function of cuticular waxes is to control non-stomatal water loss and gas exchange. In recent years, the in planta roles of many genes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis have been characterized not only from model organisms like Arabidopsis thaliana and saltwater cress (Eutrema salsugineum), but also crop plants including maize, rice, wheat, tomato, petunia, Medicago sativa, Medicago truncatula, rapeseed, and Camelina sativa through genetic, biochemical, molecular, genomic, and cell biological approaches. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the biological functions of genes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis, transport, and regulation of wax deposition from Arabidopsis and crop species, provide information on cuticular wax amounts and composition in various organs of nine representative plant species, and suggest the important issues that need to be investigated in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saet Buyl Lee
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Wu J, Qin X, Tao S, Jiang X, Liang YK, Zhang S. Long-chain base phosphates modulate pollen tube growth via channel-mediated influx of calcium. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:507-516. [PMID: 24905418 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain base phosphates (LCBPs) have been correlated with amounts of crucial biological processes ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis in animals. However, their functions in plants remain largely unknown. Here, we report that LCBPs, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (Phyto-S1P), modulate pollen tube growth in a concentration-dependent bi-phasic manner. The pollen tube growth in the stylar transmitting tissue was promoted by SPHK1 overexpression (SPHK1-OE) but dampened by SPHK1 knockdown (SPHK1-KD) compared with wild-type of Arabidopsis; however, there was no detectable effect on in vitro pollen tube growth caused by misexpression of SPHK1. Interestingly, exogenous S1P or Phyto-S1P applications could increase the pollen tube growth rate in SPHK1-OE, SPHK1-KD and wild-type of Arabidopsis. Calcium ion (Ca(2+) )-imaging analysis showed that S1P triggered a remarkable increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in pollen. Extracellular S1P induced hyperpolarization-activated Ca(2+) currents in the pollen plasma membrane, and the Ca(2+) current activation was mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins. Moreover, the S1P-induced increase of cytosolic free Ca(2+) inhibited the influx of potassium ions in pollen tubes. Our findings suggest that LCBPs functions in a signaling cascade that facilitates Ca(2+) influx and modulates pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Taniguchi M, Okazaki T. The role of sphingomyelin and sphingomyelin synthases in cell death, proliferation and migration—from cell and animal models to human disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:692-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Nawrath C, Schreiber L, Franke RB, Geldner N, Reina-Pinto JJ, Kunst L. Apoplastic diffusion barriers in Arabidopsis. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2013; 11:e0167. [PMID: 24465172 PMCID: PMC3894908 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During the development of Arabidopsis and other land plants, diffusion barriers are formed in the apoplast of specialized tissues within a variety of plant organs. While the cuticle of the epidermis is the primary diffusion barrier in the shoot, the Casparian strips and suberin lamellae of the endodermis and the periderm represent the diffusion barriers in the root. Different classes of molecules contribute to the formation of extracellular diffusion barriers in an organ- and tissue-specific manner. Cutin and wax are the major components of the cuticle, lignin forms the early Casparian strip, and suberin is deposited in the stage II endodermis and the periderm. The current status of our understanding of the relationships between the chemical structure, ultrastructure and physiological functions of plant diffusion barriers is discussed. Specific aspects of the synthesis of diffusion barrier components and protocols that can be used for the assessment of barrier function and important barrier properties are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Nawrath
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- University of Bonn, Department of Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rochus Benni Franke
- University of Bonn, Department of Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Niko Geldner
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José J. Reina-Pinto
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Department of Plant Breeding, Estación Experimental ‘La Mayora’. 29750 Algarrobo-Costa. Málaga. Spain
| | - Ljerka Kunst
- University of British Columbia, Department of Botany, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Michaelson LV, Markham JE, Zäeuner S, Matsumoto M, Chen M, Cahoon EB, Napier JA. Identification of a cytochrome b5-fusion desaturase responsible for the synthesis of triunsaturated sphingolipid long chain bases in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 90:50-5. [PMID: 23510654 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Triunsaturated sphingolipid long chain bases (LCBs) have previously been reported in some specialised tissues of marine invertebrates. We report the presence of similar LCBs in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and identify the cytochrome b5-fusion desaturase responsible for the introduction of the third double bond at the Δ10 position in d18:3Δ4,8,10. This study extends the catalytic repertoire of the cytochrome b5 fusion desaturase family, also indicating the presence of orthologues in other marine invertebrates. The function of these polyunsaturated sphingolipid LCBs is currently unknown but it was previously suggested that they play an essential role in primitive animals. The identification of the desaturase responsible for their synthesis paves the way for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise V Michaelson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK
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Sedeek KEM, Qi W, Schauer MA, Gupta AK, Poveda L, Xu S, Liu ZJ, Grossniklaus U, Schiestl FP, Schlüter PM. Transcriptome and proteome data reveal candidate genes for pollinator attraction in sexually deceptive orchids. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64621. [PMID: 23734209 PMCID: PMC3667177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexually deceptive orchids of the genus Ophrys mimic the mating signals of their pollinator females to attract males as pollinators. This mode of pollination is highly specific and leads to strong reproductive isolation between species. This study aims to identify candidate genes responsible for pollinator attraction and reproductive isolation between three closely related species, O. exaltata, O. sphegodes and O. garganica. Floral traits such as odour, colour and morphology are necessary for successful pollinator attraction. In particular, different odour hydrocarbon profiles have been linked to differences in specific pollinator attraction among these species. Therefore, the identification of genes involved in these traits is important for understanding the molecular basis of pollinator attraction by sexually deceptive orchids. RESULTS We have created floral reference transcriptomes and proteomes for these three Ophrys species using a combination of next-generation sequencing (454 and Solexa), Sanger sequencing, and shotgun proteomics (tandem mass spectrometry). In total, 121 917 unique transcripts and 3531 proteins were identified. This represents the first orchid proteome and transcriptome from the orchid subfamily Orchidoideae. Proteome data revealed proteins corresponding to 2644 transcripts and 887 proteins not observed in the transcriptome. Candidate genes for hydrocarbon and anthocyanin biosynthesis were represented by 156 and 61 unique transcripts in 20 and 7 genes classes, respectively. Moreover, transcription factors putatively involved in the regulation of flower odour, colour and morphology were annotated, including Myb, MADS and TCP factors. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive data set generated by combining transcriptome and proteome technologies allowed identification of candidate genes for pollinator attraction and reproductive isolation among sexually deceptive orchids. This includes genes for hydrocarbon and anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation, and the development of floral morphology. These data will serve as an invaluable resource for research in orchid floral biology, enabling studies into the molecular mechanisms of pollinator attraction and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid E M Sedeek
- Institute of Systematic Botany & Zürich-Basel Plant Science Centre, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Hur M, Campbell AA, Almeida-de-Macedo M, Li L, Ransom N, Jose A, Crispin M, Nikolau BJ, Wurtele ES. A global approach to analysis and interpretation of metabolic data for plant natural product discovery. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:565-83. [PMID: 23447050 PMCID: PMC3629923 DOI: 10.1039/c3np20111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Discovering molecular components and their functionality is key to the development of hypotheses concerning the organization and regulation of metabolic networks. The iterative experimental testing of such hypotheses is the trajectory that can ultimately enable accurate computational modelling and prediction of metabolic outcomes. This information can be particularly important for understanding the biology of natural products, whose metabolism itself is often only poorly defined. Here, we describe factors that must be in place to optimize the use of metabolomics in predictive biology. A key to achieving this vision is a collection of accurate time-resolved and spatially defined metabolite abundance data and associated metadata. One formidable challenge associated with metabolite profiling is the complexity and analytical limits associated with comprehensively determining the metabolome of an organism. Further, for metabolomics data to be efficiently used by the research community, it must be curated in publicly available metabolomics databases. Such databases require clear, consistent formats, easy access to data and metadata, data download, and accessible computational tools to integrate genome system-scale datasets. Although transcriptomics and proteomics integrate the linear predictive power of the genome, the metabolome represents the nonlinear, final biochemical products of the genome, which results from the intricate system(s) that regulate genome expression. For example, the relationship of metabolomics data to the metabolic network is confounded by redundant connections between metabolites and gene-products. However, connections among metabolites are predictable through the rules of chemistry. Therefore, enhancing the ability to integrate the metabolome with anchor-points in the transcriptome and proteome will enhance the predictive power of genomics data. We detail a public database repository for metabolomics, tools and approaches for statistical analysis of metabolomics data, and methods for integrating these datasets with transcriptomic data to create hypotheses concerning specialized metabolisms that generate the diversity in natural product chemistry. We discuss the importance of close collaborations among biologists, chemists, computer scientists and statisticians throughout the development of such integrated metabolism-centric databases and software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhoi Hur
- Human Computer Interactions and Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology, 2624 Howe Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. Fax: +1 515 294 0803; Tel: +1 515 708 3232;
| | - Alexis Ann Campbell
- Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology and Center for Biorenewable Chemicals and Center for Metabolic Biology, 3254 Molecular Biology Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Fax: +1 515 294 9423; Tel: +1 515 294 0453;
| | - Marcia Almeida-de-Macedo
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology, 2624 Howe Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. Fax: +1 515 294 5530; Tel: +1 515 294 3738;
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology, 443 Bessey Hall Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. Fax: +1 515 294 1337; Tel: +1 515 294 6236;
| | - Nick Ransom
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology, 2624 Howe Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. Fax: +1 515 294 0803; Tel: +1 515 708 3232;
| | - Adarsh Jose
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Fax: +1 515 294 1269; Tel: +1 515 230 3429;
| | - Matt Crispin
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology, 443 Bessey Hall Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. Fax: +1 515 294 1337; Tel: +1 515 294 6236;
| | - Basil J. Nikolau
- Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology and Center for Biorenewable Chemicals and Center for Metabolic Biology, 3254 Molecular Biology Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Fax: +1 515 294 9423; Tel: +1 515 294 0453;
| | - Eve Syrkin Wurtele
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Center for Metabolic Biology, and Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, 2624D Howe Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. Fax: +1 515 294 0803; Tel: +1 515 708 3232;
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Li-Beisson Y, Shorrosh B, Beisson F, Andersson MX, Arondel V, Bates PD, Baud S, Bird D, DeBono A, Durrett TP, Franke RB, Graham IA, Katayama K, Kelly AA, Larson T, Markham JE, Miquel M, Molina I, Nishida I, Rowland O, Samuels L, Schmid KM, Wada H, Welti R, Xu C, Zallot R, Ohlrogge J. Acyl-lipid metabolism. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2013; 11:e0161. [PMID: 23505340 PMCID: PMC3563272 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 714] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acyl lipids in Arabidopsis and all other plants have a myriad of diverse functions. These include providing the core diffusion barrier of the membranes that separates cells and subcellular organelles. This function alone involves more than 10 membrane lipid classes, including the phospholipids, galactolipids, and sphingolipids, and within each class the variations in acyl chain composition expand the number of structures to several hundred possible molecular species. Acyl lipids in the form of triacylglycerol account for 35% of the weight of Arabidopsis seeds and represent their major form of carbon and energy storage. A layer of cutin and cuticular waxes that restricts the loss of water and provides protection from invasions by pathogens and other stresses covers the entire aerial surface of Arabidopsis. Similar functions are provided by suberin and its associated waxes that are localized in roots, seed coats, and abscission zones and are produced in response to wounding. This chapter focuses on the metabolic pathways that are associated with the biosynthesis and degradation of the acyl lipids mentioned above. These pathways, enzymes, and genes are also presented in detail in an associated website (ARALIP: http://aralip.plantbiology.msu.edu/). Protocols and methods used for analysis of Arabidopsis lipids are provided. Finally, a detailed summary of the composition of Arabidopsis lipids is provided in three figures and 15 tables.
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Li-Beisson Y, Shorrosh B, Beisson F, Andersson MX, Arondel V, Bates PD, Baud S, Bird D, Debono A, Durrett TP, Franke RB, Graham IA, Katayama K, Kelly AA, Larson T, Markham JE, Miquel M, Molina I, Nishida I, Rowland O, Samuels L, Schmid KM, Wada H, Welti R, Xu C, Zallot R, Ohlrogge J. Acyl-lipid metabolism. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2013. [PMID: 23505340 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0161m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Acyl lipids in Arabidopsis and all other plants have a myriad of diverse functions. These include providing the core diffusion barrier of the membranes that separates cells and subcellular organelles. This function alone involves more than 10 membrane lipid classes, including the phospholipids, galactolipids, and sphingolipids, and within each class the variations in acyl chain composition expand the number of structures to several hundred possible molecular species. Acyl lipids in the form of triacylglycerol account for 35% of the weight of Arabidopsis seeds and represent their major form of carbon and energy storage. A layer of cutin and cuticular waxes that restricts the loss of water and provides protection from invasions by pathogens and other stresses covers the entire aerial surface of Arabidopsis. Similar functions are provided by suberin and its associated waxes that are localized in roots, seed coats, and abscission zones and are produced in response to wounding. This chapter focuses on the metabolic pathways that are associated with the biosynthesis and degradation of the acyl lipids mentioned above. These pathways, enzymes, and genes are also presented in detail in an associated website (ARALIP: http://aralip.plantbiology.msu.edu/). Protocols and methods used for analysis of Arabidopsis lipids are provided. Finally, a detailed summary of the composition of Arabidopsis lipids is provided in three figures and 15 tables.
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Ambrosone A, Di Giacomo M, Leone A, Grillo MS, Costa A. Identification of early induced genes upon water deficit in potato cell cultures by cDNA-AFLP. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2013; 126:169-178. [PMID: 22772750 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-012-0505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
For plant cells in the early phases of water stress exposure, the genes induced under such conditions play a key role in detecting and responding to water deficit. In this study, potato cell suspensions were used as a simplified model system to dissect early molecular changes upon low water potential. In particular, the cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism approach was used to capture genes rapidly activated in potato cell cultures in response to water deficit induced by short-term exposure (up to 1 h) to polyethylene glycol. Selective amplifications with 38 primer combinations allowed the visualization of about 167 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) differentially expressed upon exposure to low water potential. The gene expression pattern of 18 up-regulated genes was further investigated by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Sequencing and similarity analysis revealed that TDFs present homologies chiefly with proteins involved in chaperone activity and protein degradation (hsps, proteinase precursor), in protein synthesis (elongation factor, ribosomal proteins) and in the ROS scavenging pathway (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase). Our findings might contribute to describe the potential role of genes activated in the early phases of plant response to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ambrosone
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Plant Genetics (CNR-IGV), Via Università 133, Portici, Naples, Italy
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