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Xie H, Ye X, Liu C, Li D, Wang X, Xu C, Li C, Luo K, Fan D, Wu N. The microRNA7833-AUX6 module plays a critical role in wood development by modulating cellular auxin influx in Populus tomentosa. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad153. [PMID: 38113530 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of auxin on secondary vascular development in woody plants has been demonstrated. The concentration gradient of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid and the cellular and molecular pathways contributing to the auxin-directed vascular organization and wood growth have been uncovered in recent decades. However, our understanding of the roles and regulations of auxin influx in wood formation in trees remains limited. Here, we reported that a microRNA, miR7833, participates in the negative regulation of stem cambial cell division and secondary xylem development in Populus tomentosa. The miR7833 is mainly expressed in the vascular cambium during stem radical growth and specifically targets and represses two AUX/LAX family auxin influx carriers, AUX5 and AUX6, in poplar. We further revealed that poplar AUX6, the most abundant miR7833 target in the stem, is preferentially enriched in the developing xylem and is a positive regulator for cell division and differentiation events during wood formation. Moreover, inhibition of auxin influx carriers by 1-naphthoxyacetic acids abolished the regulatory effects of miR7833 and AUX6 on secondary xylem formation in poplar. Our results revealed the essential roles of the miR7833-AUX6 module in regulating cellular events in secondary xylem development and demonstrated an auxin influx-dependent mechanism for wood formation in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiao Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xianqiang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Changzheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Caofeng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Di Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Nengbiao Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Wang H, Li Y, Guo Z, Zhou X, Zhao Y, Han Y, Lin X. Genome-wide identification of AAAP gene family and expression analysis in response to saline-alkali stress in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). Sci Rep 2024; 14:3106. [PMID: 38326447 PMCID: PMC10850487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) genes encode a large family of protein transporters that play important roles in various aspects of plant growth and development. Here, we performed genome-wide identification of members in the foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) AAAP family (SiAAAP) and their saline-alkali stress-induced expression patterns, resulting in the identification of 65 SiAAAP genes, which could be divided into eight subfamilies. Except for SiAAAP65, the remaining 64 genes were located on nine chromosomes of foxtail millet. Gene structure and conserved motif analyses indicated that the members in the same subfamily are highly conserved. Gene duplication event analysis suggested that tandem duplication may be the main factor driving the expansion of this gene family, and Ka/Ks analysis indicated that all the duplicated genes have undergone purifying selection. Transcriptome analysis showed differential expression of SiAAAPs in roots, stems, leaves, and tassel inflorescence. Analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoter indicated that SiAAAPs contain stress-responsive cis-acting elements. Under saline-alkali stress, qRT-PCR analysis showed that SiAAP3, SiLHT2, and SiAAP16 were differentially expressed between salt-alkali tolerant millet variety JK3 and salt-alkali sensitive millet variety B175. These results suggest that these genes may be involved in or regulate the response to saline-alkali stress, providing a theoretical basis for further studying the function of SiAAAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Yun Li
- Research Center of Rural Vitalization, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Zhenqing Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Yuxue Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Yucui Han
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Xiaohu Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
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3
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Smet W, Blilou I. A blast from the past: Understanding stem cell specification in plant roots using laser ablation. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 4:e14. [PMID: 38034417 PMCID: PMC10685261 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2023.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In the Arabidopsis root, growth is sustained by the meristem. Signalling from organiser cells, also termed the quiescent centre (QC), is essential for the maintenance and replenishment of the stem cells. Here, we highlight three publications from the founder of the concept of the stem cell niche in Arabidopsis and a pioneer in unravelling regulatory modules governing stem cell specification and maintenance, as well as tissue patterning in the root meristem: Ben Scheres. His research has tremendously impacted the plant field. We have selected three publications from the Scheres legacy, which can be considered a breakthrough in the field of plant developmental biology. van den Berg et al. (1995) and van den Berg et al. (1997) uncovered that positional information-directed patterning. Sabatini et al. (1999), discovered that auxin maxima determine tissue patterning and polarity. We describe how simple but elegant experimental designs have provided the foundation of our current understanding of the functioning of the root meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Smet
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Tan C, Liang M, Luo Q, Zhang T, Wang W, Li S, Men S. AUX1, PIN3, and TAA1 collectively maintain fertility in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2023; 258:68. [PMID: 37598130 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION We found that auxin synthesis gene TAA1 and auxin polar transport genes AUX1 and PIN3 collectively maintain fertility and seed size in Arabidopsis. Auxin plays a vital role in plant gametophyte development and embryogenesis. The auxin synthesis gene TAA1 and the auxin polar transport genes AUX1 and PIN3 are expressed during Arabidopsis gametophyte and seed development. However, aux1, pin3, and taa1 single mutants only exhibit mild reproductive defects. We, therefore, generated aux1-T pin3 taa1-k2 and aux1-T pin3-2 taa1-k1 triple mutants by crossing or CRISPR/Cas9 technique. These triple mutants displayed severe reproductive defects with approximately 70% and 77%, respectively, of the siliques failing to elongate after anthesis. Reciprocal crosses and microscopy analyses showed that the development of pollen and ovules in the aux1 pin3 taa1 mutants was normal, whereas the filaments were remarkably short, which might be the cause of the silique sterility. Further analyses indicated that the development and morphology of aux1 pin3 taa1 seeds were normal, but their size was smaller compared with that of the wild type. These results indicate that AUX1, PIN3, and TAA1 act in concert to maintain fertility and seed size in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengxiao Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Suxin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shuzhen Men
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Xu Y, Shang W, Li L, Song Y, Wang G, Shi L, Shen Y, Sun Y, He S, Wang Z. Transcriptome Landscape Analyses of the Regulatory Network for Zygotic Embryo Development in Paeonia ostii. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10715. [PMID: 37445891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeonia ostii is a worldwide ornamental flower and an emerging oil crop. Zyotic embryogenesis is a critical process during seed development, and it can provide a basis for improving the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis (SE). In this study, transcriptome sequencing of embryo development was performed to investigate gene expression profiling in P. ostii and identified Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to transcription factors, plant hormones, and antioxidant enzymes. The results indicated that IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid), GA (Gibberellin), BR (Brassinosteroid) and ETH (Ethylene) were beneficial to early embryonic morphogenesis, while CTK (Cytokinin) and ABA (Abscisic Acid) promoted embryo morphogenesis and maturation. The antioxidant enzymes' activity was the highest in early embryos and an important participant in embryo formation. The high expression of the genes encoding fatty acid desaturase was beneficial to fast oil accumulation. Representative DEGs were selected and validated using qRT-PCR. Protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was predicted, and six central node proteins, including AUX1, PIN1, ARF6, LAX3, ABCB19, PIF3, and PIF4, were screened. Our results provided new insights into the formation of embryo development and even somatic embryo development in tree peonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenqian Shang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Linda Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinglong Song
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guiqing Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuxiao Shen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuke Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Songlin He
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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6
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Yang Y, Wang J, Xu Y, Abbas F, Xu D, Tao S, Xie X, Song F, Huang Q, Sharma A, Zheng L, Yan D, Wang X, Zheng B, Yuan H, Wu R, He Y. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of AUX/LAX family genes in Chinese hickory ( Carya cathayensis Sarg.) Under various abiotic stresses and grafting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1060965. [PMID: 36684757 PMCID: PMC9849883 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is essential for regulating plant growth and development as well as the response of plants to abiotic stresses. AUX/LAX proteins are auxin influx transporters belonging to the amino acid permease family of proton-driven transporters, and are involved in the transport of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). However, how AUX/LAX genes respond to abiotic stresses in Chinese hickory is less studied. For the first time identification, structural characteristics as well as gene expression analysis of the AUX/LAX gene family in Chinese hickory were conducted by using techniques of gene cloning and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Eight CcAUX/LAXs were identified in Chinese hickory, all of which had the conserved structural characteristics of AUX/LAXs. CcAUX/LAXs were most closely related to their homologous proteins in Populus trichocarpa , which was in consistence with their common taxonomic character of woody trees. CcAUX/LAXs exhibited different expression profiles in different tissues, indicating their varying roles during growth and development. A number of light-, hormone-, and abiotic stress responsive cis-acting regulatory elements were detected on the promoters of CcAUX/LAX genes. CcAUX/LAX genes responded differently to drought and salt stress treatments to varying degrees. Furthermore, CcAUX/LAX genes exhibited complex expression changes during Chinese hickory grafting. These findings not only provide a valuable resource for further functional validation of CcAUX/LAXs, but also contribute to a better understanding of their potential regulatory functions during grafting and abiotic stress treatments in Chinese hickory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Farhat Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongbin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenchen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luqing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Statistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
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Karami O, Philipsen C, Rahimi A, Nurillah AR, Boutilier K, Offringa R. Endogenous auxin maintains embryonic cell identity and promotes somatic embryo development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:7-22. [PMID: 36345646 PMCID: PMC10098609 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE), or embryo development from in vitro cultured vegetative explants, can be induced in Arabidopsis by the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or by overexpression of specific transcription factors, such as AT-HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED 15 (AHL15). Here, we explored the role of endogenous auxin [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)] during 2,4-D and AHL15-induced SE. Using the pWOX2:NLS-YFP reporter, we identified three distinct developmental stages for 2,4-D and AHL15-induced SE in Arabidopsis, with these being (i) acquisition of embryo identity; (ii) formation of pro-embryos; and (iii) somatic embryo patterning and development. The acquisition of embryo identity coincided with enhanced expression of the indole-3-pyruvic acid auxin biosynthesis YUCCA genes, resulting in an enhanced pDR5:GFP-reported auxin response in the embryo-forming tissues. Chemical inhibition of the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway did not affect the acquisition of embryo identity, but significantly reduced or completely inhibited the formation of pro-embryos. Co-application of IAA with auxin biosynthesis inhibitors in the AHL15-induced SE system rescued differentiated somatic embryo formation, confirming that increased IAA levels are important during the last two stages of SE. Our analyses also showed that polar auxin transport, with AUXIN/LIKE-AUX influx and PIN-FORMED1 efflux carriers as important drivers, is required for the transition of embryonic cells to proembryos and, later, for correct cell fate specification and differentiation. Taken together, our results indicate that endogenous IAA biosynthesis and its polar transport are not required for the acquisition of embryo identity, but rather to maintain embryonic cell identity and for the formation of multicellular proembryos and their development into histodifferentiated embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Karami
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Cheryl Philipsen
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Plus ProjectsZwaardstraat 162584 TXThe HagueThe Netherlands
| | - Arezoo Rahimi
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Annisa Ratna Nurillah
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
BearingPoint CaribbeanKaya Flamboyan 7WillemstadCuraçao
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Remko Offringa
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
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8
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Poulios S, Tsilimigka F, Mallioura A, Pappas D, Seira E, Vlachonasios K. Histone Acetyltransferase GCN5 Affects Auxin Transport during Root Growth by Modulating Histone Acetylation and Gene Expression of PINs. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3572. [PMID: 36559684 PMCID: PMC9781282 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
General Control Non-Derepressible 5 (GCN5) is a histone acetyltransferase that targets multiple genes and is essential for the acetylation of Lysine residues in the N-terminal tail of histone H3 in Arabidopsis. GCN5 interacts with the transcriptional coactivator Alteration/Deficiency in Activation 2b (ADA2b), which enhances its activity functioning in multiprotein complexes, such as the Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase complex (SAGA). Mutations in GCN5 and ADA2b result in pleiotropic phenotypes, including alterations in the growth of roots. Auxin is known to regulate root development by modulating gene expression patterns. Auxin moves polarly during plant growth via the Pin-formed (PIN) auxin efflux transport proteins. The effect of GCN5 and ADA2b on auxin distribution at different stages of early root growth (4 to 7 days post-germination) was studied using the reporter lines DR5rev::GFP and PIN1::PIN1-GFP. In wild-type plants, auxin efflux transporter PIN1 expression increases from the fourth to the seventh day of root growth. The PIN1 expression was reduced in the roots of gcn5-1 and ada2b-1 compared to the wild type. The expression of PIN1 in ada2b-1 mutants is confined only to the meristematic zone, specifically in the stele cells, whereas it is almost abolished in the elongation zone. Gene expression analysis showed that genes associated with auxin transport, PIN1, PIN3 and PIN4, are downregulated in gcn5-1 and ada2b-1 mutants relative to the wild type. As a result, auxin accumulation was also reduced in gcn5-1 and ada2b-1 compared to wild-type roots. Furthermore, acetylation of Lysine 14 of histone H3 (H3K14) was also affected in the promoter and coding region of PIN1, PIN3 and PIN4 genes during root growth of Arabidopsis in gcn5 mutants. In conclusion, GCN5 acts as a positive regulator of auxin distribution in early root growth by modulating histone H3 acetylation and the expression of auxin efflux transport genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Poulios
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Foteini Tsilimigka
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Postgraduate Program Studies “Applications of Biology—Biotechnology, Molecular and Microbial Analysis of Food and Products”, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Areti Mallioura
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Postgraduate Program Studies “Applications of Biology—Biotechnology, Molecular and Microbial Analysis of Food and Products”, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Pappas
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Seira
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Postgraduate Program Studies “Applications of Biology—Biotechnology, Molecular and Microbial Analysis of Food and Products”, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vlachonasios
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (CIRI-AUTh), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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9
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Mitochondrial GPAT-derived LPA controls auxin-dependent embryonic and postembryonic development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2212881119. [PMID: 36454754 PMCID: PMC9894262 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212881119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane properties are emerging as important cues for the spatiotemporal regulation of hormone signaling. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) evokes multiple biological responses by activating G protein-coupled receptors in mammals. In this study, we demonstrated that LPA derived from the mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases GPAT1 and GPAT2 is a critical lipid-based cue for auxin-controlled embryogenesis and plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. LPA levels decreased, and the polarity of the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) at the plasma membrane (PM) was defective in the gpat1 gpat2 mutant. As a consequence of distribution defects, instructive auxin gradients and embryonic and postembryonic development are severely compromised. Further cellular and genetic analyses revealed that LPA binds directly to PIN1, facilitating the vesicular trafficking of PIN1 and polar auxin transport. Our data support a model in which LPA provides a lipid landmark that specifies membrane identity and cell polarity, revealing an unrecognized aspect of phospholipid patterns connecting hormone signaling with development.
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10
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Feng ZQ, Wang X, Li T, Wang XF, Li HF, You CX. Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of genes encoding AAPs in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Gene X 2022; 832:146558. [PMID: 35569773 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid permeases (AAPs) play important roles in plant amino acid transport and nitrogen metabolism. In this study, we carried a comprehensive analysis for apple genes encoding AAPs using bioinformatics and molecular biology. Eleven MdAAPs were identified by a genome-wide search and comparative genomic analysis revealed relatively conserved gene composition, transmembrane characteristics, and protein structures. Phylogenetic tree construction and analysis of the conserved motifs of MdAAPs and AtAAPs showed that AAPs can be classified into three groups (I, II, and III). We compared the promoters of the identified genes and did gene functional annotation and qRT-PCR and found a relationship between apple AAPs and nitrogen deficiency. The expression profile data implied that MdAAPs exhibit diversified distributions and functions in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Quan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Feng Li
- Shandong Institue of Pomology, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
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11
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Tandukar Z, Chopra R, Frels K, Heim B, Marks MD, Anderson JA. Genetic dissection of seed characteristics in field pennycress via genome-wide association mapping studies. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20211. [PMID: 35484973 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is a new winter annual cash cover crop with high oil content and seed yield, excellent winter hardiness, early maturation, and resistance to most pests and diseases. It provides living cover on fallow croplands between summer seasons, and in doing so reduces nutrient leaching into water sources, mitigates soil erosion, and suppresses weed growth. The first ever genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on a pennycress diversity panel to identify marker trait associations with important seed size and composition related traits. The entire population was phenotyped in three total environments over 2 yr, and seed area, length, width, thousand grain weight, total oil, and total protein were measured post-harvest with specialized high-throughput imaging and near-infrared spectroscopy. Basic unbiased linear prediction values were calculated for each trait. Seed size traits tended to have higher entry mean reliabilities (0.76-0.79) compared with oil content (0.51) and protein content (0.37). Genotyping-by-sequencing identified 33,606 high quality genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) that were coupled with phenotypic data to perform GWAS for seed area, length, width, thousand grain weight, total oil, and total protein content. Fifty-nine total marker-trait associations were identified revealing genomic regions controlling each trait. The significant SNPs explained 0.06-0.18% of the total variance for that trait in our population. A list of candidate genes was identified based on their functional annotations and characterization in other species. Our results confirm that GWAS is an efficient strategy to identify significant marker-trait associations that can be incorporated into marker-assisted selection pipelines to accelerate pennycress breeding progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenith Tandukar
- Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Ratan Chopra
- Dep. of Plant and Microbial Biology, Univ. of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Katherine Frels
- Dep. of Agronomy and Horticulture, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Brett Heim
- Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - M David Marks
- Dep. of Plant and Microbial Biology, Univ. of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - James A Anderson
- Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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12
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Luo M, Liu X, Su H, Li M, Li M, Wei J. Regulatory Networks of Flowering Genes in Angelica sinensis during Vernalization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1355. [PMID: 35631780 PMCID: PMC9144295 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Angelica sinensis is a low-temperature and long-day perennial herb that has been widely used for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in recent years. In commercial cultivation, up to 40% of flowering decreases the officinal yield of roots and accumulation of bioactive compounds. Although the regulatory mechanism of flowering genes during the photoperiod has been revealed, the networks during vernalization have not been mapped. Here, transcriptomics profiles of A. sinensis with uncompleted (T1), completed (T2) and avoided vernalization (T3) were performed using RNA-seq, and genes expression was validated with qRT-PCR. A total of 61,241 isoforms were annotated on KEGG, KOG, Nr and Swiss-Prot databases; 4212 and 5301 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed; and 151 and 155 genes involved in flowering were dug out at T2 vs. T1 and T3 vs. T1, respectively. According to functional annotation, 104 co-expressed genes were classified into six categories: FLC expression (22; e.g., VILs, FCA and FLK), sucrose metabolism (12; e.g., TPSs, SUS3 and SPSs), hormone response (18; e.g., GID1B, RAP2s and IAAs), circadian clock (2; i.e., ELF3 and COR27), downstream floral integrators and meristem identity (15; e.g., SOC1, AGL65 and SPLs) and cold response (35; e.g., PYLs, ERFs and CORs). The expression levels of candidate genes were almost consistent with FPKM values and changes in sugar and hormone contents. Based on their functions, four pathways that regulate flowering during vernalization were mapped, including the vernalization pathway, the autonomic pathway, the age pathway and the GA (hormone) pathway. This transcriptomic analysis provides new insights into the gene-regulatory networks of flowering in A. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Hongyan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Meiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Mengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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13
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Identification, Phylogenetic and Expression Analyses of the AAAP Gene Family in Liriodendron chinense Reveal Their Putative Functions in Response to Organ and Multiple Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094765. [PMID: 35563155 PMCID: PMC9100865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 52 AAAP genes were identified in the L. chinense genome and divided into eight subgroups based on phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, and conserved motif. A total of 48 LcAAAP genes were located on the 14 chromosomes, and the remaining four genes were mapped in the contigs. Multispecies phylogenetic tree and codon usage bias analysis show that the LcAAAP gene family is closer to the AAAP of Amborella trichopoda, indicating that the LcAAAP gene family is relatively primitive in angiosperms. Gene duplication events revealed six pairs of segmental duplications and one pair of tandem duplications, in which many paralogous genes diverged in function before monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants differentiation and were strongly purification selected. Gene expression pattern analysis showed that the LcAAAP gene plays a certain role in the development of Liriodendron nectary and somatic embryogenesis. Low temperature, drought, and heat stresses may activate some WRKY/MYB transcription factors to positively regulate the expression of LcAAAP genes to achieve long-distance transport of amino acids in plants to resist the unfavorable external environment. In addition, the GAT and PorT subgroups could involve gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport under aluminum poisoning. These findings could lay a solid foundation for further study of the biological role of LcAAAP and improvement of the stress resistance of Liriodendron.
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Tang S, Shahriari M, Xiang J, Pasternak T, Igolkina A, Aminizade S, Zhi H, Gao Y, Roodbarkelari F, Sui Y, Jia G, Wu C, Zhang L, Zhao L, Li X, Meshcheryakov G, Samsonova M, Diao X, Palme K, Teale W. The role of AUX1 during lateral root development in the domestication of the model C4 grass Setaria italica. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2021-2034. [PMID: 34940828 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthesis increases the efficiency of carbon fixation by spatially separating high concentrations of molecular oxygen from Rubisco. The specialized leaf anatomy required for this separation evolved independently many times. The morphology of C4 root systems is also distinctive and adapted to support high rates of photosynthesis; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that have driven the evolution of C4 root system architecture. Using a mutant screen in the C4 model plant Setaria italica, we identify Siaux1-1 and Siaux1-2 as root system architecture mutants. Unlike in S. viridis, AUX1 promotes lateral root development in S. italica. A cell by cell analysis of the Siaux1-1 root apical meristem revealed changes in the distribution of cell volumes in all cell layers and a dependence of the frequency of protophloem and protoxylem strands on SiAUX1. We explore the molecular basis of the role of SiAUX1 in seedling development using an RNAseq analysis of wild-type and Siaux1-1 plants and present novel targets for SiAUX1-dependent gene regulation. Using a selection sweep and haplotype analysis of SiAUX1, we show that Hap-2412TT in the promoter region of SiAUX1 is an allele which is associated with lateral root number and has been strongly selected for during Setaria domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mojgan Shahriari
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jishan Xiang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Protection & Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Development, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Taras Pasternak
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Igolkina
- Department of Computational Biology, Center for Advanced Studies, St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195259, Russia
| | | | - Hui Zhi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanzhu Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Farshad Roodbarkelari
- Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yi Sui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guanqing Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lirong Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xugang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Georgy Meshcheryakov
- Department of Computational Biology, Center for Advanced Studies, St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195259, Russia
| | - Maria Samsonova
- Department of Computational Biology, Center for Advanced Studies, St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195259, Russia
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Klaus Palme
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre of Biological Systems Analysis and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - William Teale
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Abdirad S, Ghaffari MR, Majd A, Irian S, Soleymaniniya A, Daryani P, Koobaz P, Shobbar ZS, Farsad LK, Yazdanpanah P, Sadri A, Mirzaei M, Ghorbanzadeh Z, Kazemi M, Hadidi N, Haynes PA, Salekdeh GH. Genome-Wide Expression Analysis of Root Tips in Contrasting Rice Genotypes Revealed Novel Candidate Genes for Water Stress Adaptation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:792079. [PMID: 35265092 PMCID: PMC8899714 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.792079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) is an important agronomic trait with vital roles in plant productivity under water stress conditions. A deep and branched root system may help plants to avoid water stress by enabling them to acquire more water and nutrient resources. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the genetics and molecular control mechanisms of RSA is still relatively limited. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome response of root tips to water stress in two well-known genotypes of rice: IR64, a high-yielding lowland genotype, which represents a drought-susceptible and shallow-rooting genotype; and Azucena, a traditional, upland, drought-tolerant and deep-rooting genotype. We collected samples from three zones (Z) of root tip: two consecutive 5 mm sections (Z1 and Z2) and the following next 10 mm section (Z3), which mainly includes meristematic and maturation regions. Our results showed that Z1 of Azucena was enriched for genes involved in cell cycle and division and root growth and development whereas in IR64 root, responses to oxidative stress were strongly enriched. While the expansion of the lateral root system was used as a strategy by both genotypes when facing water shortage, it was more pronounced in Azucena. Our results also suggested that by enhancing meristematic cell wall thickening for insulation purposes as a means of confronting stress, the sensitive IR64 genotype may have reduced its capacity for root elongation to extract water from deeper layers of the soil. Furthermore, several members of gene families such as NAC, AP2/ERF, AUX/IAA, EXPANSIN, WRKY, and MYB emerged as main players in RSA and drought adaptation. We also found that HSP and HSF gene families participated in oxidative stress inhibition in IR64 root tip. Meta-quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis revealed that 288 differentially expressed genes were colocalized with RSA QTLs previously reported under drought and normal conditions. This finding warrants further research into their possible roles in drought adaptation. Overall, our analyses presented several major molecular differences between Azucena and IR64, which may partly explain their differential root growth responses to water stress. It appears that Azucena avoided water stress through enhancing growth and root exploration to access water, whereas IR64 might mainly rely on cell insulation to maintain water and antioxidant system to withstand stress. We identified a large number of novel RSA and drought associated candidate genes, which should encourage further exploration of their potential to enhance drought adaptation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Abdirad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaffari
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Irian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Daryani
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parisa Koobaz
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra-Sadat Shobbar
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Laleh Karimi Farsad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parisa Yazdanpanah
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sadri
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zahra Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehrbano Kazemi
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Hadidi
- Department of Clinical Research and Electronic Microscope, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paul A. Haynes
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Guan J, Wang Z, Liu S, Kong X, Wang F, Sun G, Geng S, Mao L, Zhou P, Li A. Transcriptome Analysis of Developing Wheat Grains at Rapid Expanding Phase Reveals Dynamic Gene Expression Patterns. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020281. [PMID: 35205147 PMCID: PMC8869726 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Understanding the regulatory mechanism underlying grain development is essential for wheat improvement. The early grain expanding phase boasts critical biological events like embryogenesis and initiation of grain filling. RNA sequencing analysis of this developmental stage revealed dynamic expressions of genes related to cell division, starch biosynthesis, and hormone biosynthesis. An unbalanced expression among triads may play critical roles as shown by multiple enriched metabolic pathways. Our work demonstrated complex regulation mechanisms in early grain development and provided useful information for future wheat improvement. Abstract Grain development, as a vital process in the crop’s life cycle, is crucial for determining crop quality and yield. The wheat grain expanding phase is the early process involving the rapid morphological changes and initiation of grain filling. However, little is known about the molecular basis of grain development at this stage. Here, we provide a time-series transcriptome profile of developing wheat grain at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after pollination of the wheat landrace Chinese Spring. A total of 26,892 differentially expressed genes, including 1468 transcription factors, were found between adjacent time points. Co-expression cluster analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment revealed dynamic expressions of cell division and starch biosynthesis related structural genes and transcription factors. Moreover, diverse, differential and drastically varied expression trends of the key genes related to hormone metabolism were identified. Furthermore, ~30% of triads showed unbalanced expression patterns enriching for genes in multiple pivotal metabolic pathways. Hormone metabolism related genes, such as YUC10 (YUCCA flavin-containing monooxygenase 10), AOS2 (allene oxide synthase 2), CYP90D2 (cytochrome P450 90D2), and CKX1 (cytokinin dehydrogenase 1), were dominantly contributed by A or D homoeologs of the triads. Our study provided a systematic picture of transcriptional regulation of wheat grains at the early grain expanding phase which should deepen our understanding of wheat grain development and help in wheat yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Guan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.G.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (X.K.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.G.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (X.K.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Shaoshuai Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.G.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (X.K.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Xingchen Kong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.G.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (X.K.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (S.G.)
- Sino-Agro Research Station for Salt Tolerant Crops, Yellow River Delta, Kenli District, Dongying 257500, China
| | - Fang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.G.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (X.K.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Guoliang Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.G.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (X.K.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Shuaifeng Geng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.G.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (X.K.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Long Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.G.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (X.K.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (S.G.)
- Sino-Agro Research Station for Salt Tolerant Crops, Yellow River Delta, Kenli District, Dongying 257500, China
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (P.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Peng Zhou
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.G.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (X.K.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (P.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Aili Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.G.); (Z.W.); (S.L.); (X.K.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (P.Z.); (A.L.)
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17
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Dhatterwal P, Mehrotra S, Miller AJ, Mehrotra R. Promoter profiling of Arabidopsis amino acid transporters: clues for improving crops. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:451-475. [PMID: 34674117 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The review describes the importance of amino acid transporters in plant growth, development, stress tolerance, and productivity. The promoter analysis provides valuable insights into their functionality leading to agricultural benefits. Arabidopsis thaliana genome is speculated to possess more than 100 amino acid transporter genes. This large number suggests the functional significance of amino acid transporters in plant growth and development. The current article summarizes the substrate specificity, cellular localization, tissue-specific expression, and expression of the amino acid transporter genes in response to environmental cues. However, till date functionality of a majority of amino acid transporter genes in plant development and stress tolerance is unexplored. Considering, that gene expression is mainly regulated by the regulatory motifs localized in their promoter regions at the transcriptional levels. The promoter regions ( ~ 1-kbp) of these amino acid transporter genes were analysed for the presence of cis-regulatory motifs responsive to developmental and external cues. This analysis can help predict the functionality of known and unexplored amino acid transporters in different tissues, organs, and various growth and development stages and responses to external stimuli. Furthermore, based on the promoter analysis and utilizing the microarray expression data we have attempted to identify plausible candidates (listed below) that might be targeted for agricultural benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Dhatterwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Sandhya Mehrotra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Rajesh Mehrotra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India.
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18
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Lu R, Canher B, Bisht A, Heyman J, De Veylder L. Three-dimensional quantitative analysis of the Arabidopsis quiescent centre. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6789-6800. [PMID: 34459899 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quiescent centre (QC) cells represent an integral part of the root stem cell niche. They typically display a low division frequency that has been reported to be controlled by hormone signaling and different regulators, including the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 115 (ERF115) transcription factor and D-type cyclins. Here, we applied a three-dimensional (3D) imaging to visualize the Arabidopsis QC cell number, volume and division patterns, including visualization of anticlinal divisions that cannot be deduced from longitudinal 2D imaging. We found that 5-day-old seedlings possess on average eight QC cells which are organized in a monolayered disc. In a period of 7 d, half of the QC cells undergo anticlinal division in a largely invariant space. Ectopic expression of ERF115 and CYCLIN D1;1 (CYCD1;1) promote both anticlinal and periclinal QC cell divisions, the latter resulting in a dual-layered QC zone holding up to 2-fold more QC cells compared with the wild type. In contrast, application of cytokinin or ethylene results in an increase in the number of periclinal, but a decrease in anticlinal QC divisions, suggesting that they control the orientation of QC cell division. Our data illustrate the power of 3D visualization in revealing unexpected QC characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Lu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent,Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent,Belgium
| | - Balkan Canher
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent,Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent,Belgium
| | - Anchal Bisht
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent,Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent,Belgium
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent,Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent,Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent,Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent,Belgium
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Parveen S, Rahman A. Actin Isovariant ACT7 Modulates Root Thermomorphogenesis by Altering Intracellular Auxin Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7749. [PMID: 34299366 PMCID: PMC8306570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature stress is one of the most threatening abiotic stresses for plants limiting the crop productivity world-wide. Altered developmental responses of plants to moderate-high temperature has been shown to be linked to the intracellular auxin homeostasis regulated by both auxin biosynthesis and transport. Trafficking of the auxin carrier proteins plays a major role in maintaining the cellular auxin homeostasis. The intracellular trafficking largely relies on the cytoskeletal component, actin, which provides track for vesicle movement. Different classes of actin and the isovariants function in regulating various stages of plant development. Although high temperature alters the intracellular trafficking, the role of actin in this process remains obscure. Using isovariant specific vegetative class actin mutants, here we demonstrate that ACTIN 7 (ACT7) isovariant plays an important role in regulating the moderate-high temperature response in Arabidopsis root. Loss of ACT7, but not ACT8 resulted in increased inhibition of root elongation under prolonged moderate-high temperature. Consistently, kinematic analysis revealed a drastic reduction in cell production rate and cell elongation in act7-4 mutant under high temperature. Quantification of actin dynamicity reveals that prolonged moderate-high temperature modulates bundling along with orientation and parallelness of filamentous actin in act7-4 mutant. The hypersensitive response of act7-4 mutant was found to be linked to the altered intracellular auxin distribution, resulted from the reduced abundance of PIN-FORMED PIN1 and PIN2 efflux carriers. Collectively, these results suggest that vegetative class actin isovariant, ACT7 modulates the long-term moderate-high temperature response in Arabidopsis root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya Parveen
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan;
| | - Abidur Rahman
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan;
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
- Agri-Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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20
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Pan X, Hu M, Wang Z, Guan L, Jiang X, Bai W, Wu H, Lei K. Identification, systematic evolution and expression analyses of the AAAP gene family in Capsicum annuum. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:463. [PMID: 34157978 PMCID: PMC8218413 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) family represents a class of proteins that transport amino acids across cell membranes. Members of this family are widely distributed in different organisms and participate in processes such as growth and development and the stress response in plants. However, a systematic comprehensive analysis of AAAP genes of the pepper (Capsicum annuum) genome has not been reported. RESULTS In this study, we performed systematic bioinformatics analyses to identify AAAP family genes in the C. annuum 'Zunla-1' genome to determine gene number, distribution, structure, duplications and expression patterns in different tissues and stress. A total of 53 CaAAAP genes were identified in the 'Zunla-1' pepper genome and could be divided into eight subgroups. Significant differences in gene structure and protein conserved domains were observed among the subgroups. In addition to CaGAT1, CaATL4, and CaVAAT1, the remaining CaAAAP genes were unevenly distributed on 11 of 12 chromosomes. In total, 33.96% (18/53) of the CaAAAP genes were a result of duplication events, including three pairs of genes due to segmental duplication and 12 tandem duplication events. Analyses of evolutionary patterns showed that segmental duplication of AAAPs in pepper occurred before tandem duplication. The expression profiling of the CaAAAP by transcriptomic data analysis showed distinct expression patterns in various tissues and response to different stress treatment, which further suggest that the function of CaAAAP genes has been differentiated. CONCLUSIONS This study of CaAAAP genes provides a theoretical basis for exploring the roles of AAAP family members in C. annuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Pan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Mingyu Hu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Ling Guan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Wenqin Bai
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Kairong Lei
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China.
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21
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Verma S, Attuluri VPS, Robert HS. An Essential Function for Auxin in Embryo Development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a039966. [PMID: 33431580 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenesis in seed plants is the process during which a single cell develops into a mature multicellular embryo that encloses all the modules and primary patterns necessary to build the architecture of the new plant after germination. This process involves a series of cell divisions and coordinated cell fate determinations resulting in the formation of an embryonic pattern with a shoot-root axis and cotyledon(s). The phytohormone auxin profoundly controls pattern formation during embryogenesis. Auxin functions in the embryo through its maxima/minima distribution, which acts as an instructive signal for tissue specification and organ initiation. In this review, we describe how disruptions of auxin biosynthesis, transport, and response severely affect embryo development. Also, the mechanism of auxin action in the development of the shoot-root axis and the three-tissue system is discussed with recent findings. Biological tools that can be implemented to study the auxin function during embryo development are presented, as they may be of interest to the reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Verma
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Venkata Pardha Saradhi Attuluri
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hélène S Robert
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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22
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Jiang W, Zhou S, Huang H, Song H, Zhang Q, Zhao Y. MERISTEM ACTIVITYLESS (MAL) is involved in root development through maintenance of meristem size in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:499-511. [PMID: 32918256 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice MERISTEM ACTIVITYLESS (MAL), a RING-H2 finger domain (RFD)-containing gene, regulates meristem cell viability after the initiation of root primordia mediated by cytokinin signaling. Genes in the RING-H2 finger domain (RFD) family play various roles during plant development and in biotic/abiotic stress responses. Rice gene MERISTEM ACTIVITYLESS (MAL), being contained in the RING-H2 finger domain (RFD), is characterized by a transmembrane domain at the N-terminal and a C3H2C3 zinc finger domain at the C-terminal. To elucidate the physiological and molecular functions of MAL, we generated MAL knockdown transgenic plants by RNA interference. MAL RNA-interfered (MRi) transgenic plants exhibited a phenotype with shorter crown root length and lower crown root number, accompanied by a lower cell division rate. The low division rate was observed in the root meristem exactly where MAL was expressed. Furthermore, transcriptome data revealed that cell wall macromolecule metabolism-related genes and redox-related genes were enriched in MAL RNAi lines. Most of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were induced by exogenous cytokinin. Hence, we conclude that MAL, as a novel regulatory factor, plays a major role in maintaining cell viability in the meristem after the initiation of root primordial formation, mediated by cytokinin signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoli Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Honglin Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huazhi Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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23
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ELLIOTT L, KIRCHHELLE C. The importance of being edgy: cell geometric edges as an emerging polar domain in plant cells. J Microsc 2020; 278:123-131. [PMID: 31755561 PMCID: PMC7318577 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polarity is an essential feature of multicellular organisms and underpins growth and development as well as physiological functions. In polyhedral plant cells, polar domains at different faces have been studied in detail. In recent years, cell edges (where two faces meet) have emerged as discrete spatial domains with distinct biochemical identities. Here, we review and discuss recent advances in our understanding of cell edges as functional polar domains in plant cells and other organisms, highlighting conceptual parallels and open questions regarding edge polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. ELLIOTT
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordUK
| | - C. KIRCHHELLE
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordUK
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24
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Arieti RS, Staiger CJ. Auxin-induced actin cytoskeleton rearrangements require AUX1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:441-459. [PMID: 31859367 PMCID: PMC7154765 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is required for cell expansion and implicated in cellular responses to the phytohormone auxin. However, the mechanisms that coordinate auxin signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling and cell expansion are poorly understood. Previous studies examined long-term actin cytoskeleton responses to auxin, but plants respond to auxin within minutes. Before this work, an extracellular auxin receptor - rather than the auxin transporter AUXIN RESISTANT 1 (AUX1) - was considered to precede auxin-induced cytoskeleton reorganization. In order to correlate actin array organization and dynamics with degree of cell expansion, quantitative imaging tools established baseline actin organization and illuminated individual filament behaviors in root epidermal cells under control conditions and after indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) application. We evaluated aux1 mutant actin organization responses to IAA and the membrane-permeable auxin 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA). Cell length predicted actin organization and dynamics in control roots; short-term IAA treatments stimulated denser and more parallel, longitudinal arrays by inducing filament unbundling within minutes. Although AUX1 is necessary for full actin rearrangements in response to auxin, cytoplasmic auxin (i.e. NAA) stimulated a lesser response. Actin filaments became more 'organized' after IAA stopped elongation, refuting the hypothesis that 'more organized' actin arrays universally correlate with rapid growth. Short-term actin cytoskeleton response to auxin requires AUX1 and/or cytoplasmic auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthie S. Arieti
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907‐2064USA
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program (PULSe)Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Christopher J. Staiger
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907‐2064USA
- Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
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25
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Into the Seed: Auxin Controls Seed Development and Grain Yield. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051662. [PMID: 32121296 PMCID: PMC7084539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed development, which involves mainly the embryo, endosperm and integuments, is regulated by different signaling pathways, leading to various changes in seed size or seed weight. Therefore, uncovering the genetic and molecular mechanisms of seed development has great potential for improving crop yields. The phytohormone auxin is a key regulator required for modulating different cellular processes involved in seed development. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the role of auxin biosynthesis, transport, signaling, conjugation, and catabolism during seed development. More importantly, we not only summarize the research progress on the genetic and molecular regulation of seed development mediated by auxin but also discuss the potential of manipulating auxin metabolism and its signaling pathway for improving crop seed weight.
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26
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CRK5 Protein Kinase Contributes to the Progression of Embryogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246120. [PMID: 31817249 PMCID: PMC6941128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The fine tuning of hormone (e.g., auxin and gibberellin) levels and hormone signaling is required for maintaining normal embryogenesis. Embryo polarity, for example, is ensured by the directional movement of auxin that is controlled by various types of auxin transporters. Here, we present pieces of evidence for the auxin-gibberellic acid (GA) hormonal crosstalk during embryo development and the regulatory role of the Arabidopsis thaliana Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase-Related Kinase 5 (AtCRK5) in this regard. It is pointed out that the embryogenesis of the Atcrk5-1 mutant is delayed in comparison to the wild type. This delay is accompanied with a decrease in the levels of GA and auxin, as well as the abundance of the polar auxin transport (PAT) proteins PIN1, PIN4, and PIN7 in the mutant embryos. We have previously showed that AtCRK5 can regulate the PIN2 and PIN3 proteins either directly by phosphorylation or indirectly affecting the GA level during the root gravitropic and hypocotyl hook bending responses. In this manuscript, we provide evidence that the AtCRK5 protein kinase can in vitro phosphorylate the hydrophilic loops of additional PIN proteins that are important for embryogenesis. We propose that AtCRK5 can govern embryo development in Arabidopsis through the fine tuning of auxin-GA level and the accumulation of certain polar auxin transport proteins.
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27
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Clark NM, Shen Z, Briggs SP, Walley JW, Kelley DR. Auxin Induces Widespread Proteome Remodeling in Arabidopsis Seedlings. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900199. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Clark
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State University Ames IA 92093 USA
| | - Zhouxin Shen
- Section of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Steven P. Briggs
- Section of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Justin W. Walley
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State University Ames IA 92093 USA
| | - Dior R. Kelley
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell BiologyIowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
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28
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Sakamoto T, Sotta N, Suzuki T, Fujiwara T, Matsunaga S. The 26S Proteasome Is Required for the Maintenance of Root Apical Meristem by Modulating Auxin and Cytokinin Responses Under High-Boron Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:590. [PMID: 31156663 PMCID: PMC6530338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B), an essential micronutrient, causes adverse effects on the growth and development of plants when highly accumulated. By the analysis of Arabidopsis mutants hypersensitive to high-boron (high-B) stress, we have shown that 26S proteasome (26SP) is required to maintain the morphology of the root apical meristem (RAM) under high-B stress. To further understand the molecular function of 26SP in tolerance to high-B stress in the RAM, in this study we investigated the pathways regulated by 26SP using a 26SP subunit mutant, rpt5a, which is hypersensitive to high-B stress. Expression of RPT5a was induced by high-B stress in the entire RAM accompanied by its strong expression in the stele, including the stem cells. Analysis of stele organization in the rpt5a mutant revealed that 26SP is especially important for maintenance of the stele under high-B stress condition (3 mM B treatment). Expression analyses of an auxin-response reporter revealed that auxin responses were enhanced in the stele and the stem cell niche by high-B stress, especially in the rpt5a mutant. In contrast, the expression of TCS::GFP representing cytokinin signaling in the stem cell niche was unchanged in the wild type and extremely weak in the rpt5a mutant, irrespective of B condition. The drastically aberrant auxin and cytokinin responses in the rpt5a mutant under high-B stress were supported by transcriptome analysis using root tips. These results suggest that the collapse of hormonal crosstalk in the stele including the stem cells occurred in the rpt5a mutant, especially under high-B stress. Treatment with the auxin signaling inhibitor α-(phenyl ethyl-2-one)-indole-3-acetic acid (PEO-IAA) reduced sensitivity to high-B stress in the wild type and restored the RAM morphology in the rpt5a mutant under the high-B stress condition. In addition, cytokinin treatment conferred the rpt5a mutant with tolerance to high-B stress in RAM morphology. It is concluded that 26SP containing RPT5a is required for maintenance of auxin/cytokinin balance in the stele, which is crucial for preventing defects in RAM morphology under high-B stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sotta
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
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29
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Huang LK, Liao YY, Lin WH, Lin SM, Liu TY, Lee CH, Pan RL. Potassium Stimulation of IAA Transport Mediated by the Arabidopsis Importer AUX1 Investigated in a Heterologous Yeast System. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:183-194. [PMID: 31053903 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Auxin regulates diverse processes involved in plant growth and development. AUX1 is the first identified and most widely investigated auxin importer, and plays an important role in root gravitropism and the development of lateral root and root hair. However, the regulation of auxin transport by AUX1 is still not well understood. In this study, we examined the effect of metal ions on AUX1 transport function and found that the activity could be specifically stimulated four times by K+. Further experiments revealed the preference of KF on the enhancement of transport activity of AUX1 over KCl, KBr, and KI. In addition, the interaction between K+ and AUX1 confers AUX1 more resistant to thermal stress but more vulnerable to proteolysis. Conventional chemical modification indicated that the extracellular acidic amino acids of AUX1 play a key role in the K+ stimulation. Site-specific mutagenesis showed that the replacement of Asp166, Asp293, and Asp312 of AUX1 to alanine deteriorated the K+-stimulated auxin transport. By contrast, when these residues were mutated to glutamate, lysine, or asparagine, only the D312E variant restored the IAA transport activity to the wild-type level. It is thus convinced that D312 is presumably the most promising residue for the K+ stimulation on AUX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd. East Dist., Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Yun Liao
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd. East Dist., Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hua Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd. East Dist., Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Ming Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Yin Liu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd. East Dist., Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd. East Dist., Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Rong-Long Pan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd. East Dist., Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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30
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Abiotic stress induced miRNA-TF-gene regulatory network: A structural perspective. Genomics 2019; 112:412-422. [PMID: 30876925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) are the largest families of trans-acting gene regulatory species, which are pivotal players in a complex regulatory network. Recently, extensive research on miRNAs and TFs in agriculture has identified these trans-acting regulatory species, as an effective tool for engineering new crop cultivars to increase yield and quality as well tolerance to environmental stresses but our knowledge of regulatory network is still not sufficient to decipher the exact mechanism. In the current work, stress-specific TF-miRNA-gene network was built for Arabidopsis under drought, cold, salt and waterlogging stress using data from reliable publically available databases; and transcriptome and degradome sequence data analysis by meta-analysis approach. Further network analysis elucidated significantly dense, scale-free, small world and hierarchical backbone of interactions. The various centrality measures highlighted several genes/TF/miRNAs as potential targets for tolerant variety cultivation. This comprehensive regulatory information will accelerate the advancement of current understanding on stress specific transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism and has promising utilizations for experimental biologist who are intended to improve plant crop performance under multiple Abiotic stress environments.
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Swarup R, Bhosale R. Developmental Roles of AUX1/LAX Auxin Influx Carriers in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1306. [PMID: 31719828 PMCID: PMC6827439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormone auxin regulates several aspects of plant growth and development. Auxin is predominantly synthesized in the shoot apex and developing leaf primordia and from there it is transported to the target tissues e.g. roots. Auxin transport is polar in nature and is carrier-mediated. AUXIN1/LIKE-AUX1 (AUX1/LAX) family members are the major auxin influx carriers whereas PIN-FORMED (PIN) family and some members of the P-GLYCOPROTEIN/ATP-BINDING CASSETTE B4 (PGP/ABCB) family are major auxin efflux carriers. AUX1/LAX auxin influx carriers are multi-membrane spanning transmembrane proteins sharing similarity to amino acid permeases. Mutations in AUX1/LAX genes result in auxin related developmental defects and have been implicated in regulating key plant processes including root and lateral root development, root gravitropism, root hair development, vascular patterning, seed germination, apical hook formation, leaf morphogenesis, phyllotactic patterning, female gametophyte development and embryo development. Recently AUX1 has also been implicated in regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses. This review summarizes our current understanding of the developmental roles of AUX1/LAX gene family and will also briefly discuss the modelling approaches that are providing new insight into the role of auxin transport in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Swarup
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Center for Plant Integrative Biology (CPIB), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ranjan Swarup,
| | - Rahul Bhosale
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Center for Plant Integrative Biology (CPIB), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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van der Schuren A, Voiniciuc C, Bragg J, Ljung K, Vogel J, Pauly M, Hardtke CS. Broad spectrum developmental role of Brachypodium AUX1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1216-1223. [PMID: 29949662 PMCID: PMC6100110 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeted cellular auxin distribution is required for morphogenesis and adaptive responses of plant organs. In Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), this involves the prototypical auxin influx facilitator AUX1 and its LIKE-AUX1 (LAX) homologs, which act partially redundantly in various developmental processes. Interestingly, AUX1 and its homologs are not strictly essential for the Arabidopsis life cycle. Indeed, aux1 lax1 lax2 lax3 quadruple knock-outs are mostly viable and fertile, and strong phenotypes are only observed at low penetrance. Here we investigated the Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) AUX1 homolog BdAUX1 by genetic, cell biological and physiological analyses. We report that BdAUX1 is essential for Brachypodium development. Bdaux1 loss-of-function mutants are dwarfs with aberrant flower development, and consequently infertile. Moreover, they display a counter-intuitive root phenotype. Although Bdaux1 roots are agravitropic as expected, in contrast to Arabidopsis aux1 mutants they are dramatically longer than wild type roots because of exaggerated cell elongation. Interestingly, this correlates with higher free auxin content in Bdaux1 roots. Consistently, their cell wall characteristics and transcriptome signature largely phenocopy other Brachypodium mutants with increased root auxin content. Our results imply fundamentally different wiring of auxin transport in Brachypodium roots and reveal an essential role of BdAUX1 in a broad spectrum of developmental processes, suggesting a central role for AUX1 in pooideae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alja van der Schuren
- Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of LausanneBiophore BuildingCH‐1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Catalin Voiniciuc
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and BiotechnologyHeinrich‐Heine UniversityD‐40225DuesseldorfGermany
| | - Jennifer Bragg
- DOE Joint Genome Institute2800 Mitchell Dr.Walnut CreekCA94598USA
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science CenterDepartment of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSE‐901 83UmeåSweden
| | - John Vogel
- DOE Joint Genome Institute2800 Mitchell Dr.Walnut CreekCA94598USA
| | - Markus Pauly
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and BiotechnologyHeinrich‐Heine UniversityD‐40225DuesseldorfGermany
| | - Christian S. Hardtke
- Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of LausanneBiophore BuildingCH‐1015LausanneSwitzerland
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Ditengou FA, Gomes D, Nziengui H, Kochersperger P, Lasok H, Medeiros V, Paponov IA, Nagy SK, Nádai TV, Mészáros T, Barnabás B, Ditengou BI, Rapp K, Qi L, Li X, Becker C, Li C, Dóczi R, Palme K. Characterization of auxin transporter PIN6 plasma membrane targeting reveals a function for PIN6 in plant bolting. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:1610-1624. [PMID: 29218850 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Auxin gradients are sustained by series of influx and efflux carriers whose subcellular localization is sensitive to both exogenous and endogenous factors. Recently the localization of the Arabidopsis thaliana auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) 6 was reported to be tissue-specific and regulated through unknown mechanisms. Here, we used genetic, molecular and pharmacological approaches to characterize the molecular mechanism(s) controlling the subcellular localization of PIN6. PIN6 localizes to endomembrane domains in tissues with low PIN6 expression levels such as roots, but localizes at the plasma membrane (PM) in tissues with increased PIN6 expression such as the inflorescence stem and nectary glands. We provide evidence that this dual localization is controlled by PIN6 phosphorylation and demonstrate that PIN6 is phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) MPK4 and MPK6. The analysis of transgenic plants expressing PIN6 at PM or in endomembrane domains reveals that PIN6 subcellular localization is critical for Arabidopsis inflorescence stem elongation post-flowering (bolting). In line with a role for PIN6 in plant bolting, inflorescence stems elongate faster in pin6 mutant plants than in wild-type plants. We propose that PIN6 subcellular localization is under the control of developmental signals acting on tissue-specific determinants controlling PIN6-expression levels and PIN6 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Anicet Ditengou
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dulceneia Gomes
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hugues Nziengui
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philip Kochersperger
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Lasok
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Violante Medeiros
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ivan A Paponov
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research, Postvegen 213, 4353, Klepp Stasjon, Norway
| | - Szilvia Krisztina Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Virág Nádai
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2, H-2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tamás Mészáros
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Group for Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Barnabás
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2, H-2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Beata Izabela Ditengou
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Rapp
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Linlin Qi
- VIB-UGent, Center for Plant Systems Biology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Xugang Li
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Claude Becker
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chuanyou Li
- VIB-UGent, Center for Plant Systems Biology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Róbert Dóczi
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2, H-2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Klaus Palme
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Sciences (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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Araniti F, Bruno L, Sunseri F, Pacenza M, Forgione I, Bitonti MB, Abenavoli MR. The allelochemical farnesene affects Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem altering auxin distribution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 121:14-20. [PMID: 29078092 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Farnesene is a sesquiterpene with semiochemical activity involved in interspecies communication. This molecule, known for its phytotoxic potential and its effects on root morphology and anatomy, caused anisotropic growth, bold roots and a "left-handedness" phenotype. These clues suggested an alteration of auxin distribution, and for this reason, the aim of the present study was to evaluate its effects on: i) PIN-FORMED proteins (PIN) distribution, involved in polar auxin transport; ii) PIN genes expression iii) apical meristem anatomy of primary root, in 7 days old Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings treated with farnesene 250 μM. The following GFP constructs: pSCR::SCR-GFP, pDR5::GFP,pPIN1::PIN1-GFP, pPIN2::PIN2-GFP, pPIN3::PIN3-GFP, pPIN4::PIN4-GFP and pPIN7::PIN7-GFP were used to evaluate auxin distribution. Farnesene caused a reduction in meristematic zone size, an advancement in transition zone, suggesting a premature exit of cells from the meristematic zone, a reduction in cell division and an impairment between epidermal and cortex cells. The auxin-responsive reporter pDR5::GFP highlighted that auxin distribution was impaired in farnesene-treated roots, where auxin distribution appeared maximum in the quiescent center and columella initial cells, without extending to mature columella cells. This finding was further confirmed by the analysis on PIN transport proteins distribution, assessed on individual constructs, which showed an extreme alteration mainly dependent on the PIN 3, 4 and 7, involved in pattern specification during root development and auxin redistribution. Finally, farnesene treatment caused a down-regulation of all the auxin transport genes studied. We propose that farnesene affected auxin transport and distribution causing the alteration of root meristem, and consequently the left-handedness phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Araniti
- Dipartimento di AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, I-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBEST), Università della Calabria, 87040 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Dipartimento di AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, I-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Marianna Pacenza
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBEST), Università della Calabria, 87040 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Ivano Forgione
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBEST), Università della Calabria, 87040 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Bitonti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBEST), Università della Calabria, 87040 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Dipartimento di AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, I-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Sofo A, Bochicchio R, Amato M, Rendina N, Vitti A, Nuzzaci M, Altamura MM, Falasca G, Rovere FD, Scopa A. Plant architecture, auxin homeostasis and phenol content in Arabidopsis thaliana grown in cadmium- and zinc-enriched media. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 216:174-180. [PMID: 28704702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A screening strategy using micropropagation glass tubes with a gradient of distances between germinating seeds and a metal-contaminated medium was used for studying alterations in root architecture and morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana treated with cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) at the concentration of 10-20μM and 100-200μM, respectively. Metal concentrations in plant shoots and roots were measured by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. After 21days from germination, all plants in the tubes were scanned at high resolution and the root systems analyzed. The localization of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the primary root and lateral root apices was monitored using DR5:GUS, LAX3:GUS and AUX1:GUS Arabidopsis transgenic lines. Total phenol content in leaves was measured spectrophotometrically. Shoot and root dry weight and leaf area did not change in Zn-exposed plants and significantly decreased in Cd-exposed plants, compared to control plants. Cadmium induced a reduction of root length, of mean number of roots and of total root surface. Both Cd- and Zn-exposed plants showed a reduced specific root length. This morphological behavior, together with an observed increase in root diameter in metal-exposed plants could be interpreted as compensatory growth, and the observed thicker roots could act as a barrier to protect root from the metals. In comparison with the apical localization of the IAA signal in the control plants, Zn generally reinforced the intensity of IAA signal, without affecting its localization. In Cd-exposed plants, IAA localization remained apical but weaker compared to control plants. Total phenols decreased in plants exposed to Zn and Cd. Therefore, we propose that the remodelling of the root architecture and the production of some secondary metabolites, such as IAA and phenols could be two responses of plants subjected to metal stress. This knowledge can open the way to future phytoremediation strategies of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Sofo
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Rocco Bochicchio
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Mariana Amato
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Nunzia Rendina
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Antonella Vitti
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Maria Nuzzaci
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Maria Maddalena Altamura
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Falasca
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Della Rovere
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Scopa
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy.
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Yu C, Dong W, Zhan Y, Huang ZA, Li Z, Kim IS, Zhang C. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of ClLAX, ClPIN and ClABCB genes families in Citrullus lanatus under various abiotic stresses and grafting. BMC Genet 2017; 18:33. [PMID: 28388893 PMCID: PMC5384148 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Auxin plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development as well as in the response of plants to abiotic stresses. Auxin is transported by three kinds of major protein families, including the AUXIN RESISTANT 1/LIKE AUX1 (AUX⁄LAX) influx carriers, the PIN-FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers and the ATP binding cassette B/P-glycoprotein/Multidrug-resistance (ABCB/MDR/PGP) efflux/condition carriers. The biological function of several auxin transporter genes has been well characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, their function in response to exogenous auxin and abiotic stresses in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus. L) remained unknown. Results Here, the latest updated watermelon genome was used to characterise the ClLAX, ClPIN and ClABCB family genes from watermelon. The genome-wide analysis of the ClLAX, ClPIN and ClABCB family genes, including chromosome localisation, gene structure, and phylogenic relationships, was carried out. Seven ClLAXs, 11 ClPINs and 15 ClABCBs were mapped on 10 watermelon chromosomes. The expression profiles of the ClLAX, ClPIN and ClABCB genes under exogenous indole-3-acetic acid and various abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and cold stresses) treatments were performed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The transcriptional level of majority ClLAX, ClPIN and ClABCB genes were changed by abiotic stresses in both shoots and roots. We also analysed the expression levels of ClLAX, ClPIN and ClABCB genes in graft response. Conclusion Analysis of the expression patterns of ClLAX, ClPIN and ClABCB genes under salt, drought, cold treatment and grafting response helps us to understand the possible roles of auxin transporter genes in watermelon adaptation to environmental stresses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-017-0500-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenliang Yu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Wenqi Dong
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yihua Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zong-An Huang
- Institute of Vegetable Sciences, Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Crop breeding in South Zhejiang, Wenzhou, 325014, China
| | - Zhimiao Li
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Il Seop Kim
- Dempartment of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-2071, Korea
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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Moore S, Liu J, Zhang X, Lindsey K. A recovery principle provides insight into auxin pattern control in the Arabidopsis root. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43004. [PMID: 28220889 PMCID: PMC5318957 DOI: 10.1038/srep43004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated auxin patterning provides a key mechanism for controlling root growth and development. We have developed a data-driven mechanistic model using realistic root geometry and formulated a principle to theoretically investigate quantitative auxin pattern recovery following auxin transport perturbation. This principle reveals that auxin patterning is potentially controlled by multiple combinations of interlinked levels and localisation of influx and efflux carriers. We demonstrate that (1) when efflux carriers maintain polarity but change levels, maintaining the same auxin pattern requires non-uniform and polar distribution of influx carriers; (2) the emergence of the same auxin pattern, from different levels of influx carriers with the same nonpolar localisation, requires simultaneous modulation of efflux carrier level and polarity; and (3) multiple patterns of influx and efflux carriers for maintaining an auxin pattern do not have spatially proportional correlation. This reveals that auxin pattern formation requires coordination between influx and efflux carriers. We further show that the model makes various predictions that can be experimentally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Moore
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Junli Liu
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- Department of Sustainable Soil and Grassland System, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2GQ, UK
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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38
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Wang Z, Chen F, Li X, Cao H, Ding M, Zhang C, Zuo J, Xu C, Xu J, Deng X, Xiang Y, Soppe WJJ, Liu Y. Arabidopsis seed germination speed is controlled by SNL histone deacetylase-binding factor-mediated regulation of AUX1. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13412. [PMID: 27834370 PMCID: PMC5114640 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is known to affect the speed of seed germination, but the molecular regulatory basis of this remains ambiguous. Here we report that loss of function of two histone deacetylase-binding factors, SWI-INDEPENDENT3 (SIN3)-LIKE1 (SNL1) and SNL2, results in accelerated radicle protrusion and growth during seed germination. AUXIN RESISTANT 1 (AUX1) is identified as a key factor in this process, enhancing germination speed downstream of SNL1 and SNL2. AUX1 expression and histone H3 acetylation at lysines 9 and 18 is regulated by SNL1 and SNL2. The D-type cyclins encoding genes CYCD1;1 and CYCD4;1 display increased expression in AUX1 over-expression lines and the snl1snl2 double mutant. Accordingly, knockout of CYCD4;1 reduces seed germination speed of AUX1 over-expression lines and snl1snl2 suggesting the importance of cell cycling for radicle protrusion during seed germination. Together, our work identifies AUX1 as a link between histone acetylation mediated by SNL1 and SNL2, and radicle growth promoted by CYCD1;1 and CYCD4;1 during seed germination. Histone acetylation influences the speed of seed germination. Here, Wang et al. show that loss of the SNL1/SNL2 histone deacetylase binding factors accelerates seed germination and provide evidence that they act by regulating the expression of AUX1 which in turn influences cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fengying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinghong Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaonan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jimei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yong Xiang
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wim J J Soppe
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Street IH, Mathews DE, Yamburkenko MV, Sorooshzadeh A, John RT, Swarup R, Bennett MJ, Kieber JJ, Schaller GE. Cytokinin acts through the auxin influx carrier AUX1 to regulate cell elongation in the root. Development 2016; 143:3982-3993. [PMID: 27697901 DOI: 10.1242/dev.132035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal interactions are crucial for plant development. In Arabidopsis, cytokinins inhibit root growth through effects on cell proliferation and cell elongation. Here, we define key mechanistic elements in a regulatory network by which cytokinin inhibits root cell elongation in concert with the hormones auxin and ethylene. The auxin importer AUX1 functions as a positive regulator of cytokinin responses in the root; mutation of AUX1 specifically affects the ability of cytokinin to inhibit cell elongation but not cell proliferation. AUX1 is required for cytokinin-dependent changes of auxin activity in the lateral root cap associated with the control of cell elongation. Cytokinin regulates root cell elongation through ethylene-dependent and -independent mechanisms, both hormonal signals converging on AUX1 as a regulatory hub. An autoregulatory circuit is identified involving the control of ARR10 and AUX1 expression by cytokinin and auxin, this circuit potentially functioning as an oscillator to integrate the effects of these two hormones. Taken together, our results uncover several regulatory circuits controlling interactions of cytokinin with auxin and ethylene, and support a model in which cytokinin regulates shootward auxin transport to control cell elongation and root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Street
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Dennis E Mathews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Maria V Yamburkenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ali Sorooshzadeh
- Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshen T John
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ranjan Swarup
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Joseph J Kieber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - G Eric Schaller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Della Rovere F, Fattorini L, Ronzan M, Falasca G, Altamura MM. The quiescent center and the stem cell niche in the adventitious roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1176660. [PMID: 27089118 PMCID: PMC4973785 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1176660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious rooting is essential for the survival of numerous species from vascular cryptogams to monocots, and is required for successful micropropagation. The tissues involved in AR initiation may differ in planta and in in vitro systems. For example, in Arabidopsis thaliana, ARs originate from the hypocotyl pericycle in planta and the stem endodermis in in vitro cultured thin cell layers. The formation of adventitious roots (ARs) depends on numerous factors, among which the hormones, auxin, in particular. In both primary and lateral roots, growth depends on a functional stem cell niche in the apex, maintained by an active quiescent center (QC), and involving the expression of genes controlled by auxin and cytokinin. This review summarizes current knowledge about auxin and cytokinin control on genes involved in the definition and maintenance of QC, and stem cell niche, in the apex of Arabidopsis ARs in planta and in longitudinal thin cell layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Della Rovere
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fattorini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Ronzan
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Falasca
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Altamura
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
- Maria Maddalena Altamura
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41
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Chai C, Wang Y, Valliyodan B, Nguyen HT. Comprehensive Analysis of the Soybean (Glycine max) GmLAX Auxin Transporter Gene Family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:282. [PMID: 27014306 PMCID: PMC4783406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin plays a critical role in regulation of plant growth and development as well as plant responses to abiotic stresses. This is mainly achieved through its uneven distribution in plant via a polar auxin transport process. Auxin transporters are major players in polar auxin transport. The AUXIN RESISTENT 1/LIKE AUX1 (AUX/LAX) auxin influx carriers belong to the amino acid permease family of proton-driven transporters and function in the uptake of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In this study, genome-wide comprehensive analysis of the soybean AUX/LAX (GmLAX) gene family, including phylogenic relationships, chromosome localization, and gene structure, was carried out. A total of 15 GmLAX genes, including seven duplicated gene pairs, were identified in the soybean genome. They were distributed on 10 chromosomes. Despite their higher percentage identities at the protein level, GmLAXs exhibited versatile tissue-specific expression patterns, indicating coordinated functioning during plant growth and development. Most GmLAXs were responsive to drought and dehydration stresses and auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) stimuli, in a tissue- and/or time point- sensitive mode. Several GmLAX members were involved in responding to salt stress. Sequence analysis revealed that promoters of GmLAXs contained different combinations of stress-related cis-regulatory elements. These studies suggest that the soybean GmLAXs were under control of a very complex regulatory network, responding to various internal and external signals. This study helps to identity candidate GmLAXs for further analysis of their roles in soybean development and adaption to adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Henry T. Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
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42
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Cheng L, Yuan HY, Ren R, Zhao SQ, Han YP, Zhou QY, Ke DX, Wang YX, Wang L. Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Expression Analysis of Amino Acid Transporter Gene Family in Glycine Max. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:515. [PMID: 27148336 PMCID: PMC4837150 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters (AATs) play important roles in transporting amino acid across cellular membranes and are essential for plant growth and development. To date, the AAT gene family in soybean (Glycine max L.) has not been characterized. In this study, we identified 189 AAT genes from the entire soybean genomic sequence, and classified them into 12 distinct subfamilies based upon their sequence composition and phylogenetic positions. To further investigate the functions of these genes, we analyzed the chromosome distributions, gene structures, duplication patterns, phylogenetic tree, tissue expression patterns of the 189 AAT genes in soybean. We found that a large number of AAT genes in soybean were expanded via gene duplication, 46 and 36 GmAAT genes were WGD/segmental and tandemly duplicated, respectively. Further comprehensive analyses of the expression profiles of GmAAT genes in various stages of vegetative and reproductive development showed that soybean AAT genes exhibited preferential or distinct expression patterns among different tissues. Overall, our study provides a framework for further analysis of the biological functions of AAT genes in either soybean or other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal UniversityXinyang, China
- Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie MountainsXinyang, China
| | - Hong-Yu Yuan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal UniversityXinyang, China
| | - Ren Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shi-Qi Zhao
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal UniversityXinyang, China
| | - Ya-Peng Han
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal UniversityXinyang, China
| | - Qi-Ying Zhou
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal UniversityXinyang, China
| | - Dan-Xia Ke
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal UniversityXinyang, China
| | - Ying-Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ying-Xiang Wang
| | - Lei Wang
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal UniversityXinyang, China
- Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie MountainsXinyang, China
- Lei Wang
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43
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Shen C, Yue R, Bai Y, Feng R, Sun T, Wang X, Yang Y, Tie S, Wang H. Identification and Analysis of Medicago truncatula Auxin Transporter Gene Families Uncover their Roles in Responses to Sinorhizobium meliloti Infection. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1930-43. [PMID: 26228273 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Auxin transport plays a pivotal role in the interaction between legume species and nitrogen-fixing bacteria to form symbioses. Auxin influx carriers auxin resistant 1/like aux 1 (AUX/LAX), efflux carriers pin-formed (PIN) and efflux/conditional P-glycoprotein (PGP/ABCB) are three major protein families participating in auxin polar transport. We used the latest Medicago truncatula genome sequence to characterize and analyze the M. truncatula LAX (MtLAX), M. truncatula PIN (MtPIN) and M. truncatula ABCB (MtABCB) families. Transient expression experiments indicated that three representative auxin transporters (MtLAX3, MtPIN7 and MtABCB1) showed cell plasma membrane localizations. The expression of most MtLAX, MtPIN and MtABCB genes was up-regulated in the roots and was down-regulated in the shoots by Sinorhizobium meliloti infection in the wild type (WT). However, the expression of these genes was down-regulated in both the roots and shoots of an infection-resistant mutant, dmi3. The different expression patterns between the WT and the mutant roots indicated that auxin relocation may be involved in rhizobial infection responses. Furthermore, IAA contents were significantly up-regulated in the shoots and down-regulated in the roots after Sinorhizobium meliloti infection in the WT. Inoculation of roots with rhizobia may reduce the auxin loading from shoots to roots by inhibiting the expression of most auxin transporter genes. However, the rate of change of gene expression and IAA contents in the dmi3 mutant were obviously lower than in the WT. The identification and expression analysis of auxin transporter genes helps us to understand the roles of auxin in the regulation of nodule formation in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Runqing Yue
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Youhuang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TTICAAS), Hangzhou 310008, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rong Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Shuanggui Tie
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Huizhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
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44
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Lee HW, Cho C, Kim J. Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain16 and 18 Act Downstream of the AUXIN1 and LIKE-AUXIN3 Auxin Influx Carriers to Control Lateral Root Development in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:1792-806. [PMID: 26059335 PMCID: PMC4528759 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain (LBD)/Asymmetric Leaves2-Like (ASL) gene family have been identified to play important roles in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lateral root (LR) development during auxin response, but their functional relationship with auxin transporters has not been established yet. Here, we show that the AUXIN1 (AUX1) and LIKE-AUXIN3 (LAX3) auxin influx carriers are required for auxin signaling that activates LBD16/ASL18 and LBD18/ASL20 to control LR development. The lax3 mutant phenotype was not significantly enhanced when combined with lbd16 or lbd18. However, LBD18 overexpression could rescue the defects in LR emergence in lax3 with concomitant expression of the LBD18 target genes. Genetic and gene expression analyses indicated that LBD16 and LBD18 act with AUX1 to regulate LR initiation and LR primordium development, and that AUX1 and LAX3 are needed for auxin-responsive expression of LBD16 and LBD18. LBD18:SUPERMAN REPRESSIVE DOMAIN X in the lbd18 mutant inhibited LR initiation and LR primordium development in response to a gravitropic stimulus and suppressed promoter activities of the cell cycle genes Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A1;1 and CYCLINB1;1. Taken together, these results suggest that LBD16 and LBD18 are important regulators of LR initiation and development downstream of AUX1 and LAX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Woo Lee
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Chuloh Cho
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Jungmook Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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45
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Yang S, Li C, Zhao L, Gao S, Lu J, Zhao M, Chen CY, Liu X, Luo M, Cui Y, Yang C, Wu K. The Arabidopsis SWI2/SNF2 Chromatin Remodeling ATPase BRAHMA Targets Directly to PINs and Is Required for Root Stem Cell Niche Maintenance. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1670-80. [PMID: 25991732 PMCID: PMC4498203 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BRAHMA (BRM), a SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling ATPase, is essential for the transcriptional reprogramming associated with development and cell differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we show that loss-of-function mutations in BRM led to defective maintenance of the root stem cell niche, decreased meristematic activity, and stunted root growth. Mutations of BRM affected auxin distribution by reducing local expression of several PIN-FORMED (PIN) genes in the stem cells and impaired the expression of the stem cell transcription factor genes PLETHORA (PLT1) and PLT2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that BRM could directly target to the chromatin of PIN1, PIN2, PIN3, PIN4, and PIN7. In addition, genetic interaction assays indicate that PLTs acted downstream of BRM, and overexpression of PLT2 partially rescued the stem cell niche defect of brm mutants. Taken together, these results support the idea that BRM acts in the PLT pathway to maintain the root stem cell niche by altering the expression of PINs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chenlong Li
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Linmao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Sujuan Gao
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jingxia Lu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Minglei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Chia-Yang Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuhai Cui
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Keqiang Wu
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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46
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Panoli A, Martin MV, Alandete-Saez M, Simon M, Neff C, Swarup R, Bellido A, Yuan L, Pagnussat GC, Sundaresan V. Auxin Import and Local Auxin Biosynthesis Are Required for Mitotic Divisions, Cell Expansion and Cell Specification during Female Gametophyte Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126164. [PMID: 25970627 PMCID: PMC4430233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The female gametophyte of flowering plants, called the embryo sac, develops from a haploid cell named the functional megaspore, which is specified after meiosis by the diploid sporophyte. In Arabidopsis, the functional megaspore undergoes three syncitial mitotic divisions followed by cellularization to form seven cells of four cell types including two female gametes. The plant hormone auxin is important for sporophytic developmental processes, and auxin levels are known to be regulated by biosynthesis and transport. Here, we investigated the role of auxin biosynthetic genes and auxin influx carriers in embryo sac development. We find that genes from the YUCCA/TAA pathway (YUC1, YUC2, YUC8, TAA1, TAR2) are expressed asymmetrically in the developing ovule and embryo sac from the two-nuclear syncitial stage until cellularization. Mutants for YUC1 and YUC2 exhibited defects in cell specification, whereas mutations in YUC8, as well as mutations in TAA1 and TAR2, caused defects in nuclear proliferation, vacuole formation and anisotropic growth of the embryo sac. Additionally, expression of the auxin influx carriers AUX1 and LAX1 were observed at the micropylar pole of the embryo sac and in the adjacent cells of the ovule, and the aux1 lax1 lax2 triple mutant shows multiple gametophyte defects. These results indicate that both localized auxin biosynthesis and auxin import, are required for mitotic divisions, cell expansion and patterning during embryo sac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Panoli
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Maria Victoria Martin
- Institute of Biological Research IIB-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Monica Alandete-Saez
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
- PIPRA, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Marissa Simon
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Christina Neff
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Ranjan Swarup
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrés Bellido
- Institute of Biological Research IIB-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Gabriela C. Pagnussat
- Institute of Biological Research IIB-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail: (GCP); (VS)
| | - Venkatesan Sundaresan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GCP); (VS)
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47
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Revalska M, Vassileva V, Zechirov G, Iantcheva A. Is the auxin influx carrierLAX3essential for plant growth and development in the model plantsMedicago truncatula, Lotus japonicusandArabidopsis thaliana? BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1031698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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48
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Fàbregas N, Formosa-Jordan P, Confraria A, Siligato R, Alonso JM, Swarup R, Bennett MJ, Mähönen AP, Caño-Delgado AI, Ibañes M. Auxin influx carriers control vascular patterning and xylem differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005183. [PMID: 25922946 PMCID: PMC4414528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin is an essential hormone for plant growth and development. Auxin influx carriers AUX1/LAX transport auxin into the cell, while auxin efflux carriers PIN pump it out of the cell. It is well established that efflux carriers play an important role in the shoot vascular patterning, yet the contribution of influx carriers to the shoot vasculature remains unknown. Here, we combined theoretical and experimental approaches to decipher the role of auxin influx carriers in the patterning and differentiation of vascular tissues in the Arabidopsis inflorescence stem. Our theoretical analysis predicts that influx carriers facilitate periodic patterning and modulate the periodicity of auxin maxima. In agreement, we observed fewer and more spaced vascular bundles in quadruple mutants plants of the auxin influx carriers aux1lax1lax2lax3. Furthermore, we show AUX1/LAX carriers promote xylem differentiation in both the shoot and the root tissues. Influx carriers increase cytoplasmic auxin signaling, and thereby differentiation. In addition to this cytoplasmic role of auxin, our computational simulations propose a role for extracellular auxin as an inhibitor of xylem differentiation. Altogether, our study shows that auxin influx carriers AUX1/LAX regulate vascular patterning and differentiation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Fàbregas
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Formosa-Jordan
- Department of Structure and Constituents of Matter, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Confraria
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Riccardo Siligato
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jose M. Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ranjan Swarup
- School of Biosciences and Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm J. Bennett
- School of Biosciences and Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana I. Caño-Delgado
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ibañes
- Department of Structure and Constituents of Matter, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Della Rovere F, Fattorini L, D'Angeli S, Veloccia A, Del Duca S, Cai G, Falasca G, Altamura MM. Arabidopsis SHR and SCR transcription factors and AUX1 auxin influx carrier control the switch between adventitious rooting and xylogenesis in planta and in in vitro cultured thin cell layers. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:617-28. [PMID: 25617411 PMCID: PMC4343292 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adventitious roots (ARs) are essential for vegetative propagation. The Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factors SHORT ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) affect primary/lateral root development, but their involvement in AR formation is uncertain. LAX3 and AUX1 auxin influx carriers contribute to primary/lateral root development. LAX3 expression is regulated by SHR, and LAX3 contributes to AR tip auxin maximum. In contrast, AUX1 involvement in AR development is unknown. Xylogenesis is induced by auxin plus cytokinin as is AR formation, but the genes involved are largely unknown. Stem thin cell layers (TCLs) form ARs and undergo xylogenesis under the same auxin plus cytokinin input. The aim of this research was to investigate SHR, SCR, AUX1 and LAX3 involvement in AR formation and xylogenesis in intact hypocotyls and stem TCLs in arabidopsis. METHODS Hypocotyls of scr-1, shr-1, lax3, aux1-21 and lax3/aux1-21 Arabidopsis thaliana null mutant seedlings grown with or without auxin plus cytokinin were examined histologically, as were stem TCLs cultured with auxin plus cytokinin. SCR and AUX1 expression was monitored using pSCR::GFP and AUX1::GUS lines, and LAX3 expression and auxin localization during xylogenesis were monitored by using LAX3::GUS and DR5::GUS lines. KEY RESULTS AR formation was inhibited in all mutants, except lax3. SCR was expressed in pericycle anticlinally derived AR-forming cells of intact hypocotyls, and in cell clumps forming AR meristemoids of TCLs. The apex was anomalous in shr and scr ARs. In all mutant hypocotyls, the pericycle divided periclinally to produce xylogenesis. Xylary element maturation was favoured by auxin plus cytokinin in shr and aux1-21. Xylogenesis was enhanced in TCLs, and in aux1-21 and shr in particular. AUX1 was expressed before LAX3, i.e. in the early derivatives leading to either ARs or xylogenesis. CONCLUSIONS AR formation and xylogenesis are developmental programmes that are inversely related, but they involve fine-tuning by the same proteins, namely SHR, SCR and AUX1. Pericycle activity is central for the equilibrium between xylary development and AR formation in the hypocotyl, with a role for AUX1 in switching between, and balancing of, the two developmental programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Della Rovere
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy and Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - L Fattorini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy and Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - S D'Angeli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy and Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - A Veloccia
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy and Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - S Del Duca
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy and Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - G Cai
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy and Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - G Falasca
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy and Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - M M Altamura
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy and Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
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A quiescent path to plant longevity. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:443-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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