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Girotti M, Bulin SE, Carreno FR. Effects of chronic stress on cognitive function - From neurobiology to intervention. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 33:100670. [PMID: 39295772 PMCID: PMC11407068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic stress contributes considerably to the development of cognitive impairments in psychiatric disorders such as depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and addictive behavior. Unfortunately, unlike mood-related symptoms, cognitive impairments are not effectively treated by available therapies, a situation in part resulting from a still incomplete knowledge of the neurobiological substrates that underly cognitive domains and the difficulty in generating interventions that are both efficacious and safe. In this review, we will present an overview of the cognitive domains affected by stress with a specific focus on cognitive flexibility, behavioral inhibition, and working memory. We will then consider the effects of stress on neuronal correlates of cognitive function and the factors which may modulate the interaction of stress and cognition. Finally, we will discuss intervention strategies for treatment of stress-related disorders and gaps in knowledge with emerging new treatments under development. Understanding how cognitive impairment occurs during exposure to chronic stress is crucial to make progress towards the development of new and effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Girotti
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Sarah E Bulin
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Flavia R Carreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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Knapp CP, Papadopoulos E, Loweth JA, Raghupathi R, Floresco SB, Waterhouse BD, Navarra RL. Sex-dependent perturbations in risky choice behavior and prefrontal tyrosine hydroxylase levels induced by repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Behav Brain Res 2024; 476:115244. [PMID: 39241835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Head trauma often impairs cognitive processes mediated within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), leading to impaired decision making and risk-taking behavior. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for approximately 80 % of reported head injury cases. Most neurological symptoms of a single mTBI are transient; however, growing evidence suggests that repeated mTBI (rmTBI) results in more severe impairments that worsen with each subsequent injury. Although mTBI-induced disruption of risk/reward decision making has been characterized, the potential for rmTBI to exacerbate these effects and the neural mechanisms involved are unknown. Catecholamine neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE), modulate PFC-mediated functions. Imbalances in catecholamine function have been associated with TBI and may underlie aberrant decision making. We used a closed head-controlled cortical impact (CH-CCI) model in rats to evaluate the effects of rmTBI on performance of a probabilistic discounting task of risk/reward decision making behavior and expression levels of catecholamine regulatory proteins within the PFC. RmTBI produced transient increases in risky choice preference in both male and female rats, with these effects persisting longer in females. Additionally, rmTBI increased expression of the catecholamine synthetic enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), within the orbitofrontal (OFC) region of the PFC in females only. These results suggest females are more susceptible to rmTBI-induced disruption of risk/reward decision making behavior and dysregulation of catecholamine synthesis within the OFC. Together, using the CH-CCI model of rodent rmTBI to evaluate the effects of multiple insults on risk-taking behavior and PFC catecholamine regulation begins to differentiate how mTBI occurrences affect neuropathological outcomes across different sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Knapp
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, 42 East Laurel Road, Suite 2200, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Eleni Papadopoulos
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, 42 East Laurel Road, Suite 2200, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Jessica A Loweth
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, 42 East Laurel Road, Suite 2200, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Ramesh Raghupathi
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 W. Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
| | - Stan B Floresco
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Barry D Waterhouse
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, 42 East Laurel Road, Suite 2200, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Rachel L Navarra
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, 42 East Laurel Road, Suite 2200, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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Martins LA, Schiavo A, Paz LV, Xavier LL, Mestriner RG. Neural underpinnings of fine motor skills under stress and anxiety: A review. Physiol Behav 2024; 282:114593. [PMID: 38782244 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive examination of how stress and anxiety affect motor behavior, particularly focusing on fine motor skills and gait adaptability. We explore the role of several neurochemicals, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine, in modulating neural plasticity and motor control under these affective states. The review highlights the importance of developing therapeutic strategies that enhance motor performance by leveraging the interactions between key neurochemicals. Additionally, we investigate the complex interplay between emotional-cognitive states and sensorimotor behaviors, showing how stress and anxiety disrupt neural integration, leading to impairments in skilled movements and negatively impacting quality of life. Synthesizing evidence from human and rodent studies, we provide a detailed understanding of the relationships among stress, anxiety, and motor behavior. Our findings reveal neurophysiological pathways, behavioral outcomes, and potential therapeutic targets, emphasizing the intricate connections between neurobiological mechanisms, environmental factors, and motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Athaydes Martins
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Neuroscience, Motor Behavior, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECORE-CNPq), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aniuska Schiavo
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Neuroscience, Motor Behavior, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECORE-CNPq), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisiê Valéria Paz
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Neuroscience, Motor Behavior, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECORE-CNPq), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Régis Gemerasca Mestriner
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Neuroscience, Motor Behavior, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECORE-CNPq), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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4
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Schmidt SNL, Sehrig S, Wolber A, Rockstroh B, Mier D. Nothing to lose? Neural correlates of decision, anticipation, and feedback in the balloon analog risk task. Psychophysiology 2024:e14660. [PMID: 39090795 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the subprocesses of risky decision making is a prerequisite for understanding (dys-)functional decisions. For the present fMRI study, we designed a novel variant of the balloon-analog-risk task (BART) that measures three phases: decision making, reward anticipation, and feedback processing. Twenty-nine healthy young adults completed the BART. We analyzed neural activity and functional connectivity. Parametric modulation allowed assessing changes in brain functioning depending on the riskiness of the decision. Our results confirm involvement of nucleus accumbens, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in all subprocesses of risky decision-making. In addition, subprocesses were differentiated by the strength of activation in these regions, as well as by changes in activity and nucleus accumbens-connectivity by the riskiness of the decision. The presented fMRI-BART variant allows distinguishing activity and connectivity during the subprocesses of risky decision making and shows how activation and connectivity patterns relate to the riskiness of the decision. Hence, it is a useful tool for unraveling impairments in subprocesses of risky decision making in people with high risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Sehrig
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolber
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Mier
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Peiris S, Tobia MJ, Smith A, Grun E, Elyan R, Eslinger PJ, Yang QX, Karunanayaka P. Neural correlates of chocolate brand preference: A functional MRI study. J Neuroimaging 2024; 34:415-423. [PMID: 38676308 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Preferences can be developed for, or against, specific brands and services. Using two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments, this study investigated two dissociable aspects of reward processing, craving and liking, in chocolate lovers. The goal was to further delineate the neural basis supporting branding effects using familiar chocolate (FC) and unfamiliar chocolate (UC) brand images. METHODS In the first experiment, subjects rated their subjective craving and liking on a scale of 1-5 (weak-strong) for each FC and UC image. In the second experiment, they performed a choice task between FC and UC images. RESULTS Both the craving and liking ratings were significantly greater for FC and were differentially correlated with choice behavior. Craving ratings predicted greater preference for UC, and liking ratings predicted greater preference for FC. A contrast of neural activity for UC versus FC choice trials revealed significantly greater activation for UC choices in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and right caudate head. Response times for the FC images were faster than UC images; fMRI activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex was significantly correlated with response times during FC trials, but not UC trials. These correlations were significantly different from each other at the group level. CONCLUSIONS The choices for branded chocolate products are driven by higher subjective reward ratings and lower neural processing demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senal Peiris
- Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J Tobia
- Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Emily Grun
- Hershey Company, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rommy Elyan
- Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul J Eslinger
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qing X Yang
- Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prasanna Karunanayaka
- Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Stroud JP, Duncan J, Lengyel M. The computational foundations of dynamic coding in working memory. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:614-627. [PMID: 38580528 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is a fundamental aspect of cognition. WM maintenance is classically thought to rely on stable patterns of neural activities. However, recent evidence shows that neural population activities during WM maintenance undergo dynamic variations before settling into a stable pattern. Although this has been difficult to explain theoretically, neural network models optimized for WM typically also exhibit such dynamics. Here, we examine stable versus dynamic coding in neural data, classical models, and task-optimized networks. We review principled mathematical reasons for why classical models do not, while task-optimized models naturally do exhibit dynamic coding. We suggest an update to our understanding of WM maintenance, in which dynamic coding is a fundamental computational feature rather than an epiphenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake P Stroud
- Computational and Biological Learning Lab, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - John Duncan
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Máté Lengyel
- Computational and Biological Learning Lab, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Center for Cognitive Computation, Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
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Knapp CP, Papadopoulos E, Loweth JA, Raghupathi R, Floresco SB, Waterhouse BD, Navarra RL. Perturbations in risk/reward decision making and frontal cortical catecholamine regulation induced by mild traumatic brain injury. Behav Brain Res 2024; 467:115002. [PMID: 38636779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) disrupts cognitive processes that influence risk taking behavior. Little is known regarding the effects of repetitive mild injury (rmTBI) or whether these outcomes are sex specific. Risk/reward decision making is mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which is densely innervated by catecholaminergic fibers. Aberrant PFC catecholamine activity has been documented following TBI and may underlie TBI-induced risky behavior. The present study characterized the effects of rmTBI on risk/reward decision making behavior and catecholamine transmitter regulatory proteins within the PFC. Rats were exposed to sham, single (smTBI), or three closed-head controlled cortical impact (CH-CCI) injuries and assessed for injury-induced effects on risk/reward decision making using a probabilistic discounting task (PDT). In the first week post-final surgery, mTBI increased risky choice preference. By the fourth week, males exhibited increased latencies to make risky choices following rmTBI, demonstrating a delayed effect on processing speed. When levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the norepinephrine reuptake transporter (NET) were measured within subregions of the PFC, females exhibited dramatic increases of TH levels within the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) following smTBI. However, both males and females demonstrated reduced levels of OFC NET following rmTBI. These results indicate the OFC is susceptible to catecholamine instability after rmTBI and suggests that not all areas of the PFC contribute equally to TBI-induced imbalances. Overall, the CH-CCI model of rmTBI has revealed time-dependent and sex-specific changes in risk/reward decision making and catecholamine regulation following repetitive mild head injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Knapp
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ, USA.
| | - Eleni Papadopoulos
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica A Loweth
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Ramesh Raghupathi
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stan B Floresco
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Barry D Waterhouse
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Rachel L Navarra
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ, USA.
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Duque L, Ghafouri M, Nunez NA, Ospina JP, Philbrick KL, Port JD, Savica R, Prokop LJ, Rummans TA, Singh B. Functional neuroimaging in patients with catatonia: A systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2024; 179:111640. [PMID: 38484496 PMCID: PMC11006573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catatonia is a challenging and heterogeneous neuropsychiatric syndrome of motor, affective and behavioral dysregulation which has been associated with multiple disorders such as structural brain lesions, systemic diseases, and psychiatric disorders. This systematic review summarized and compared functional neuroimaging abnormalities in catatonia associated with psychiatric and medical conditions. METHODS Using PRISMA methods, we completed a systematic review of 6 databases from inception to February 7th, 2024 of patients with catatonia that had functional neuroimaging performed. RESULTS A total of 309 studies were identified through the systematic search and 62 met the criteria for full-text review. A total of 15 studies reported patients with catatonia associated with a psychiatric disorder (n = 241) and one study reported catatonia associated with another medical condition, involving patients with N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis (n = 23). Findings varied across disorders, with hyperactivity observed in areas like the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the ventral pre-motor cortex in acute catatonia associated to a psychiatric disorder, hypoactivity in PFC, the parietal cortex, and the SMA in catatonia associated to a medical condition, and mixed metabolic activity in the study on catatonia linked to a medical condition. CONCLUSION Findings support the theory of dysfunction in cortico-striatal-thalamic, cortico-cerebellar, anterior cingulate-medial orbitofrontal, and lateral orbitofrontal networks in catatonia. However, the majority of the literature focuses on schizophrenia spectrum disorders, leaving the pathophysiologic characteristics of catatonia in other disorders less understood. This review highlights the need for further research to elucidate the pathophysiology of catatonia across various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Duque
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mohammad Ghafouri
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicolas A Nunez
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Ospina
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - John D Port
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rodolfo Savica
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Teresa A Rummans
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Balwinder Singh
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Feijs HME, van Aken L, van der Veld WM, van der Heijden PT, Egger JIM. No relations between executive functions and dimensional models of psychopathology or is time the missing link? PLoS One 2024; 19:e0288386. [PMID: 38466678 PMCID: PMC10927122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired executive functions (EF) have been found within various mental disorders (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorders) as described in DSM-5. However, although impaired EF has been observed within several categories of mental disorders, empirical research on direct relations between EF and broader dimension of psychopathology is still scarce. Therefore, in the current investigation we examined relations between three EF performance tasks and self-reported dimensions of psychopathology (i.e., the internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorder spectra) in a combined dataset of patients with a broad range of mental disorders (N = 440). Despite previously reported results that indicate impaired EF in several categories of mental disorders, in this study no direct relations were found between EF performance tasks and self-reported broader dimensions of psychopathology. These results indicate that relations between EF and psychopathology could be more complex and non-linear in nature. We evaluate the need for integration of EF and dimensional models of psychopathology and reflect on EF as a possible transdiagnostic factor of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke M. E. Feijs
- Center of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Loes van Aken
- Center of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul T. van der Heijden
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Center for Adolescent Psychiatry, Reinier van Arkel Mental Health Institute, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Jos I. M. Egger
- Center of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Stevig Specialized and Forensic Care for People with Intellectual Disabilities, Dichterbij, Oostrum, The Netherlands
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10
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Münster A, Huster J, Sommer S, Traxler C, Votteler A, Hauber W. Enhanced Risky Choice in Male Rats Elicited by the Acute Pharmacological Stressor Yohimbine Involves Prefrontal Dopamine D1 Receptor Activation. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 27:pyae006. [PMID: 38214654 PMCID: PMC10852621 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute stress alters risk-based decision-making; however, the underlying neural and neurochemical substrates are underexplored. Given their well-documented stress-inducing effects in humans and laboratory animals, glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone and the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine represent potent pharmacological tools to mimic some characteristics of acute stress. METHODS Here, we analyzed the effects of the pharmacological stressors corticosterone and yohimbine given systemically on risk-based decision-making in male rats. Moreover, we investigated whether pharmacological stressor effects on risk-based decision-making involve dopamine D1 receptor stimulation in the dorsal prelimbic cortex (PL). We used a risk discounting task that requires choosing between a certain/small reward lever that always delivered 1 pellet and a risky/large reward lever that delivered 4 pellets with a decreasing probability across subsequent trials. RESULTS Systemic administration of yohimbine increased the preference for the risky/large reward lever. By contrast, systemic single administration of corticosterone did not significantly promote risky choice. Moreover, co-administration of corticosterone did not enhance the effects of yohimbine on risky choice. The data further show that the increased preference for the risky/large reward lever under systemic yohimbine was lowered by a concurrent pharmacological blockade of dopamine D1 receptors in the PL. CONCLUSIONS Our rodent data provide causal evidence that stimulation of PL D1 receptors may represent a neurochemical mechanism by which the acute pharmacological stressor yohimbine, and possibly nonpharmacological stressors as well, promote risky choice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanne Sommer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Angeline Votteler
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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11
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Sasaki R, Ohta Y, Onoe H, Yamaguchi R, Miyamoto T, Tokuda T, Tamaki Y, Isa K, Takahashi J, Kobayashi K, Ohta J, Isa T. Balancing risk-return decisions by manipulating the mesofrontal circuits in primates. Science 2024; 383:55-61. [PMID: 38175903 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj6645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Decision-making is always coupled with some level of risk, with more pathological forms of risk-taking decisions manifesting as gambling disorders. In macaque monkeys trained in a high risk-high return (HH) versus low risk-low return (LL) choice task, we found that the reversible pharmacological inactivation of ventral Brodmann area 6 (area 6V) impaired the risk dependency of decision-making. Selective optogenetic activation of the mesofrontal pathway from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the ventral aspect of 6V resulted in stronger preference for HH, whereas activation of the pathway from the VTA to the dorsal aspect of 6V led to LL preference. Finally, computational decoding captured the modulations of behavioral preference. Our results suggest that VTA inputs to area 6V determine the decision balance between HH and LL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sasaki
- Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasumi Ohta
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Reona Yamaguchi
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokuda
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Tamaki
- Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Isa
- Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki-shi, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Ohta
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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12
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Wang Y, Chen Q, Zhang X, Wang K, Cheng H, Chen X. Changes in decision-making function in patients with subacute mild traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:69-81. [PMID: 38044718 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Although awareness regarding patients with mild traumatic brain injury has increased, they have not received sufficient attention in clinics; hence, many patients still experience only partial recovery. Deficits in decision-making function are frequently experienced by these patients. Accurate identification of impairment in the early stages after brain injury is particularly crucial for timely intervention and the prevention of long-term cognitive consequences. Therefore, we investigated the changes in decision-making ability under tasks of ambiguity and risk in patients with mild traumatic brain injury with a rule-based neuropsychological paradigm. In this study, patients (n = 39) and matched healthy controls (n = 38) completed general neuropsychological background tests and decision-making tasks (Iowa Gambling Task and Game of Dice Task). We found that patients had extensive cognitive impairment in general attention, memory and information processing speed in the subacute phase, and confirmed that patients had different degrees of impairment in decision-making abilities under ambiguity and risk. Furthermore, the decline of memory and executive function may be related to decision-making dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Funan County People's Hospital, Fuyang, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingui Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
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13
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Stroud JP, Watanabe K, Suzuki T, Stokes MG, Lengyel M. Optimal information loading into working memory explains dynamic coding in the prefrontal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307991120. [PMID: 37983510 PMCID: PMC10691340 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307991120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Working memory involves the short-term maintenance of information and is critical in many tasks. The neural circuit dynamics underlying working memory remain poorly understood, with different aspects of prefrontal cortical (PFC) responses explained by different putative mechanisms. By mathematical analysis, numerical simulations, and using recordings from monkey PFC, we investigate a critical but hitherto ignored aspect of working memory dynamics: information loading. We find that, contrary to common assumptions, optimal loading of information into working memory involves inputs that are largely orthogonal, rather than similar, to the late delay activities observed during memory maintenance, naturally leading to the widely observed phenomenon of dynamic coding in PFC. Using a theoretically principled metric, we show that PFC exhibits the hallmarks of optimal information loading. We also find that optimal information loading emerges as a general dynamical strategy in task-optimized recurrent neural networks. Our theory unifies previous, seemingly conflicting theories of memory maintenance based on attractor or purely sequential dynamics and reveals a normative principle underlying dynamic coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake P. Stroud
- Computational and Biological Learning Lab, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kei Watanabe
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Communication and Information Technology, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Mark G. Stokes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, OxfordOX2 6GG, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Máté Lengyel
- Computational and Biological Learning Lab, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
- Center for Cognitive Computation, Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, BudapestH-1051, Hungary
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14
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Bergström F, Lerman C, Kable JW. Less cortical complexity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex is associated with a greater preference for risky and immediate rewards. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557368. [PMID: 37745594 PMCID: PMC10515793 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In our everyday lives, we are often faced with situations in which we have to make choices that involve risky or delayed rewards. However, the extent to which we are willing to accept larger risky (over smaller certain) or larger delayed (over smaller immediate) rewards vary across individuals. Here we investigated the relationship between cortical surface complexity in medial prefrontal cortex and individual differences in risky and intertemporal preferences. We found that lower cortical complexity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) was associated with a greater preference for risky and immediate rewards. In addition to these common structural associations in mPFC, we also found associations between lower cortical complexity and a greater preference for immediate rewards that extended into left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and right vmPFC. Taken together, the shared association suggests that lower cortical complexity in vmPFC may be a structural marker for individual differences in impulsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Bergström
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caryn Lerman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph W Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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Furstenberg A, Sompolinsky H, Deouell LY. Error monitoring when no errors are possible: Arbitrary free-choice decisions invoke error monitoring processes. iScience 2023; 26:106373. [PMID: 37009217 PMCID: PMC10060684 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Some decisions make a difference, but most are arbitrary and inconsequential, like which of several identical new pairs of socks should I wear? Healthy people swiftly make such decisions even with no rational reasons to rely on. In fact, arbitrary decisions have been suggested as demonstrating "free will". However, several clinical populations and some healthy individuals have significant difficulties in making such arbitrary decisions. Here, we investigate the mechanisms involved in arbitrary picking decisions. We show that these decisions, arguably based on a whim, are subject to similar control mechanisms as reasoned decisions. Specifically, error-related negativity (ERN) brain response is elicited in the EEG following change of intention, without an external definition of error, and motor activity in the non-responding hand resembles actual errors both by its muscle EMG temporal dynamics and by the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) pattern. This provides new directions in understanding decision-making and its deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Furstenberg
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Haim Sompolinsky
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Leon Y. Deouell
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Psychology Department, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
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16
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Zhou Y, Xiao G, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wang L, Xie C, Wang K, Chen X. High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Decision-Making Ability: A Study Based on EEG. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040640. [PMID: 37190605 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) has been shown to modulate decision-making; however, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. To further explore the neurophysiological processes of decision-making modulated by HD-tDCS, health participants underwent ten anodal (n = 16)/sham (n = 17) HD-tDCS sessions targeting the left DLPFC. Iowa gambling task was performed simultaneously with electroencephalography (EEG) before and after HD-tDCS. Iowa gambling task performance, the P300 amplitude, and the power of theta oscillation as an index of decision-making were compared. Behavioral changes were found that showed anodal HD-tDCS could improve the decision-making function, in which participants could make more advantageous choices. The electrophysiological results showed that the P300 amplitude significantly increased in CZ, CPZ electrode placement site and theta oscillation power significantly activated in FCZ, CZ electrode placement site after anodal HD-tDCS. Significant positive correlations were observed between the changes in the percent use of negative feedback and the changes in theta oscillation power before and after anodal HD-tDCS. This study showed that HD-tDCS is a promising technology in improving decision-making and theta oscillation induced by may be a predictor of improved decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Guixian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Psychology and Sleep Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chengjuan Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Psychology, The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei 230088, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xingui Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230022, China
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17
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Timm A, Schmidt-Wilcke T, Blenk S, Studer B. Altered social decision making in patients with chronic pain. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2466-2475. [PMID: 34736548 PMCID: PMC10123842 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain affects up to 20% of the population, impairs quality of life and reduces social participation. Previous research reported that pain-related perceived injustice covaries with these negative consequences. The current study probed whether chronic pain patients responded more strongly to disadvantageous social inequity than healthy individuals. METHODS We administered the Ultimatum Game, a neuroeconomic social exchange game, where a sum of money is split between two players to a large sample of patients with chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors (n = 102) and healthy controls (n = 101). Anonymised, and in truth experimentally controlled, co-players proposed a split, and our participants either accepted or rejected these offers. RESULTS Chronic pain patients were hypersensitive to disadvantageous inequity and punished their co-players for proposed unequal splits more often than healthy controls. Furthermore, this systematic shift in social decision making was independent of patients' performance on tests of executive functions and risk-sensitive (non-social) decision making . CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that chronic pain is associated with anomalies in social decision making (compared to healthy controls) and hypersensitivity to social inequity that is likely to negatively impact social partaking and thereby the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Timm
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Mauritius Hospital Meerbusch, Meerbusch, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt-Wilcke
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Mauritius Hospital Meerbusch, Meerbusch, Germany
| | - Sandra Blenk
- Centre for Pain Medicine, St.Vinzenz Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bettina Studer
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Mauritius Hospital Meerbusch, Meerbusch, Germany
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18
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Predicting Risky Decision Making (Odds Selection) in Regular Soccer Gamblers from Nigeria using Cognitive Tasks Combined with Non-Cognitive Measures. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:103-117. [PMID: 36152112 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As real time soccer gambling is becoming a game of choice for many Nigerian youths, there is need to examine some predictive factors that could account for risky decision making in the population. We combined some cognitive tasks (memory, concentration, executive function and problem solving) and non-cognitive measures (time taken to complete a bet, years of gambling and addiction tendency measures) to derive a more parsimonious model of predicting risky decision making in this population. Twenty-eight undergraduate students that endorsed regular involvement (at least once a week) in soccer betting and were willing to come to the psychology lab for testing were recruited. Four neuropsychological measures (Craft Story 21: Immediate and delayed, Number Span Test: Forward and backward, Trail Making Test: A&B, Tower of Hannoi and a gambling questionnaire (Gamblers Anonymous Questionnaire) were used for the study. Study design was correlational and linear regression (step wise method) was used for data analysis. Step wise regression statistics yielded nine possible model combinations with high predictive strengths. Overall, model 9 (with adjusted R2 = 0.57) that has 6 measures including one from non-cognitive and 5 from cognitive measures was adjudged to be most parsimonious putting into consideration its predictive strength and number of tasks required. The tasks in our most parsimonious model were: time taken to complete a bet (non-cognitive), Craft Story 21: immediate (cognitive: memory), Number Span Forward: Total correct and longest correct (cognitive: concentration), Trail Making Test: B (cognitive: executive function) and Tower of Hannoi: Time taken to complete (cognitive: problem solving). Pearson product moment correlation between the predictor variables and the dependent variable (number of odds selected) showed inverse correlation of Craft Story Immediate, Number Span total correct and Number span longest correct suggesting strong divergence of these variables to odd selection. Time taken to complete bet, Trail Making Test: B and time taken to complete Tower of Hannoi respectively had positive correlations with number of odds selected. Our results suggest that multiple domains of cognitive abilities and time taken to complete a bet are important for predicting gamblers at risk for poor decision making. It further suggests that use of single task for a particular cognitive domain could be sufficient in predicting persons at risk for decision making. Overall, our study suggests that risky decision making in real time sports betting could be predicted using fewer neuropsychological tasks measuring wider domains of brain behaviour and a non-cognitive measure.
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19
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Yang Y, Wang D, Hou W, Li H. Cognitive Decline Associated with Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1419:25-46. [PMID: 37418204 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1627-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is one of the most distinct signs of aging, and age-related cognitive decline is a heterogeneous issue varying in different cognitive domains and has significant differences among older adults. Identifying characteristics of cognitive aging is the basis of cognitive disease for early-detection and healthy aging promotion. In the current chapter, age-related decline of main cognitive domains, including sensory perception, memory, attention, executive function, language, reasoning, and space navigation ability are introduced respectively. From these aspects of cognition, we focus on the age-related effects, age-related cognitive diseases, and possible mechanisms of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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20
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Zelazo PD, Carlson SM. Reconciling the Context-Dependency and Domain-Generality of Executive Function Skills from a Developmental Systems Perspective. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2022.2156515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Zhao Y, Wang D, Wang X, Chiu SC. Brain mechanisms underlying the influence of emotions on spatial decision-making: An EEG study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:989988. [PMID: 36248638 PMCID: PMC9562092 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.989988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is common for people to make bad decisions because of their emotions in life. When these decisions are important, such as aeronautical decisions and driving decisions, the mistakes of decisions can cause irreversible damage. Therefore, it is important to explore how emotions influence decision-making, so as to avoid the negative influence of emotions on decision-making as much as possible. Although existing researchers have found some mechanisms of emotion's influence on decision-making, only a few studies focused on the influence of emotions on decision-making based on electroencephalography (EEG). In addition, most of them were focused on risky and uncertain decision-making. We designed a novel experimental task to explore the influence of emotion on spatial decision-making and recorded subjective data, decision-making behavioral data, and EEG data. By analyzing these data, we came to three conclusions. Firstly, we observed three similar event-related potentials (ERP) microstates in the decision-making process under different emotions by microstate analysis. Additionally, the prefrontal, parietal and occipital lobes played key roles in decision-making. Secondly, we found that the P2 component of the prefrontal lobe presented the influence of different emotions on decision-making by ERP analysis. Among them, positive emotion evoked the largest P2 amplitude compared to negative emotions and no stimuli. Thirdly, we found some graph metrics that were significantly associated with decision accuracy by effective connectivity analysis combined with graph theoretic analysis. In consequence, the finding of our study may shed more light on the brain mechanisms underlying the influence of emotions on spatial decision-making, thereby providing a basis for avoiding decision-making accidents caused by emotions and realizing better decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Danli Wang
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Steve C. Chiu
- ECE Department, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, United States
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22
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Lim JYL, Boardman J, Dyche J, Anderson C, Dickinson DL, Drummond SPA. Sex moderates the effects of total sleep deprivation and sleep restriction on risk preference. Sleep 2022; 45:6603432. [PMID: 35667000 PMCID: PMC9453615 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss has been shown to alter risk preference during decision-making. However, research in this area has largely focussed on the effects of total sleep deprivation (TSD), while evidence on the effects of sleep restriction (SR) or the potentially moderating role of sex on risk preference remains scarce and unclear. The present study investigated risky decision-making in 47 healthy young adults who were assigned to either of two counterbalanced protocols: well-rested (WR) and TSD, or WR and SR. Participants were assessed on the Lottery Choice Task (LCT), which requires a series of choices between two risky gambles with varying risk levels. Analyses on the pooled dataset indicated across all sleep conditions, participants were generally more risk-seeking when trying to minimise financial loss (LOSSES) than while trying to maximise financial gain (GAINS). On GAINS trials, female participants were more risk-averse during TSD and SR, whereas male participants remained unchanged. On LOSSES trials, female participants remained unchanged during TSD and SR, whereas male participants became more risk-seeking during TSD. Our findings suggest the relationship between sleep loss and risk preference is moderated by sex, whereby changes in risk preference after TSD or SR differ in men and women depending on whether the decision is framed in terms of gains or losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeryl Y L Lim
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Johanna Boardman
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Jeff Dyche
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University , Harrisonburg, VA , USA
| | - Clare Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - David L Dickinson
- Department of Economics and CERPA, Appalachian State University , Boone, NC , USA
- Economics Science Institute, Chapman University , Orange, CA , USA
- Institute of Labor Economics , Bonn , Germany
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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23
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Iozzino L, Canessa N, Rucci P, Iommi M, Dvorak A, Heitzman J, Markiewicz I, Picchioni M, Pilszyk A, Wancata J, de Girolamo G. Decision-making and risk-taking in forensic and non-forensic patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A multicenter European study. Schizophr Res Cogn 2022; 29:100257. [PMID: 35620384 PMCID: PMC9127676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2022.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies of patients with schizophrenia and offenders with severe mental disorders decision-making performance have produced mixed findings. In addition, most earlier studies have assessed decision-making skills in offenders or people with mental disorders, separately, thus neglecting the possible additional contribution of a mental disorder on choice patterns in people who offend. This study aimed to fill this gap by comparing risk-taking in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), with and without a history of serious violent offending assessing whether, and to what extent, risk-taking represents a significant predictor of group membership, controlling for their executive skills, as well as for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Overall, 115 patients with a primary diagnosis of SSD were recruited: 74 were forensic patients with a lifetime history of severe interpersonal violence and 41 were patients with SSD without such a history. No significant group differences were observed on psychopathological symptoms severity. Forensic generally displayed lower scores than non-forensic patients in all cognitive subtests of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (except for the “token motor” and the “digit sequencing” tasks) and on all the six dimensions of the Cambridge Gambling Task, except for “Deliberation time”, in which forensic scored higher than non-forensic patients. “Deliberation time” was also positively, although weakly correlated with “poor impulse control”. Identifying those facets of impaired decision-making mostly predicting offenders' behaviour among individuals with mental disorder might inform risk assessment and be targeted in treatment and rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iozzino
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Unit of Epidemiological Psychiatry and Evaluation, via Pilastroni 4, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Canessa
- Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy.,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, via S. Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Rucci
- University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marica Iommi
- University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexander Dvorak
- Ministry of Justice, Medical Director of the Justizanstalt Göllersdorf, Museumstraße 7, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janusz Heitzman
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Jana III Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Inga Markiewicz
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Jana III Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marco Picchioni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF London, UK.,St Magnus Hospital, Haslemere, GU27 3PX Surrey, UK
| | - Anna Pilszyk
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Jana III Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Johannes Wancata
- Medical University of Vienna, Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni de Girolamo
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Unit of Epidemiological Psychiatry and Evaluation, via Pilastroni 4, 25125 Brescia, Italy
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24
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Rao WW, Li M, Su Y, Caron J, Xiang YT, Meng X. How psychosocial stress profile influences the subsequent occurrence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities: A longitudinal population-based cohort study. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:294-302. [PMID: 35588911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of psychosocial stressors in psychiatric disorders and executive dysfunction has been reported, separately. The literature has also suggested the involvement of social support and coping strategies in these relationships. However, there is a lack of research conducted to examine the relationships among multiple stressors and neuropsychiatric comorbidities while considering the presence of social support and coping strategies. This study aims to articulate the roles of multiple psychosocial stressors, social support, and coping strategies in the subsequent occurrence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities. METHODS Data analyzed were from the 6th data collection of a large-scale, longitudinal population-based cohort from Southwest Montreal in Canada. The cumulative effects of multiple stressors were separately examined by a composite score and latent profile analysis. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to test the relationship between cumulative stressors and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. RESULTS A total of 210 participants were included in the analyses. The LPA identified a 2-class model for psychosocial stressors (low and high) and executive function (executive dysfunction and no executive dysfunction), respectively. There were 11.8% of participants with neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Both the composite stress score (RR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.01-1.15) and latent stress groups (RR = 3.65, 95%CI = 1.15-11.57) were associated with neuropsychiatric comorbidities after adjusting for social support and coping strategies. The risk of developing neuropsychiatric comorbidities decreased when the level of social support was high (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exposures to multiple stressors increased the risk of subsequent neuropsychiatric comorbidities, but the risk can be modified by a higher level of social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wang Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Muzi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Caron
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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25
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Orsini CA, Truckenbrod LM, Wheeler AR. Regulation of sex differences in risk-based decision making by gonadal hormones: Insights from rodent models. Behav Processes 2022; 200:104663. [PMID: 35661794 PMCID: PMC9893517 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Men and women differ in their ability to evaluate options that vary in their rewards and the risks that are associated with these outcomes. Most studies have shown that women are more risk averse than men and that gonadal hormones significantly contribute to this sex difference. Gonadal hormones can influence risk-based decision making (i.e., risk taking) by modulating the neurobiological substrates underlying this cognitive process. Indeed, estradiol, progesterone and testosterone modulate activity in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and nucleus accumbens associated with reward and risk-related information. The use of animal models of decision making has advanced our understanding of the intersection between the behavioral, neural and hormonal mechanisms underlying sex differences in risk taking. This review will outline the current state of this literature, identify the current gaps in knowledge and suggest the neurobiological mechanisms by which hormones regulate risky decision making. Collectively, this knowledge can be used to understand the potential consequences of significant hormonal changes, whether endogenously or exogenously induced, on risk-based decision making as well as the neuroendocrinological basis of neuropsychiatric diseases that are characterized by impaired risk taking, such as substance use disorder and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A. Orsini
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Correspondence to: Department of Psychology & Neurology, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, 108 E. Dean Keaton St., Stop A8000, Austin, TX 78712, USA. (C.A. Orsini)
| | - Leah M. Truckenbrod
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Alexa-Rae Wheeler
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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26
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Samandra R, Haque ZZ, Rosa MGP, Mansouri FA. The marmoset as a model for investigating the neural basis of social cognition in health and disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104692. [PMID: 35569579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Social-cognitive processes facilitate the use of environmental cues to understand others, and to be understood by others. Animal models provide vital insights into the neural underpinning of social behaviours. To understand social cognition at even deeper behavioural, cognitive, neural, and molecular levels, we need to develop more representative study models, which allow testing of novel hypotheses using human-relevant cognitive tasks. Due to their cooperative breeding system and relatively small size, common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) offer a promising translational model for such endeavours. In addition to having social behavioural patterns and group dynamics analogous to those of humans, marmosets have cortical brain areas relevant for the mechanistic analysis of human social cognition, albeit in simplified form. Thus, they are likely suitable animal models for deciphering the physiological processes, connectivity and molecular mechanisms supporting advanced cognitive functions. Here, we review findings emerging from marmoset social and behavioural studies, which have already provided significant insights into executive, motivational, social, and emotional dysfunction associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranshikha Samandra
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Zakia Z Haque
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Farshad Alizadeh Mansouri
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Australia.
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27
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Yang Y, Lewis MM, Kong L, Mailman RB. A dopamine D 1 agonist vs. methylphenidate in modulating prefrontal cortical working memory. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:88-99. [PMID: 35661631 PMCID: PMC9341252 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylphenidate is used widely to treat symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but like other stimulants has significant side effects. This study utilized a rodent model (spontaneously hypertensive rat) of spatial working memory (sWM) to compare the effects of methylphenidate with the novel dopamine D1-like receptor agonist 2-methyldihydrexidine. Acute oral administration of methylphenidate (1.5 mg/kg) caused sWM improvement in half of the tested rats, but impairment in the others. Both improvement or impairment were eliminated by administration of the D1 antagonist SCH39266 directly into the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Conversely, 2-methyldihydrexidine showed greater sWM improvement compared to methylphenidate without significant impairment in any subject. Its effects correlated negatively with vehicle-treated baseline performance (i.e., rats with lower baseline performance improved more than rats with higher baseline performance). These behavioral effects were associated with neural activities in the PFC. Single neuron firing rate was changed, leading to the alteration in neuronal preference to correct or error behavioral responses. Overall, 2-methyldihydrexidine was superior to methylphenidate in decreasing the neuronal preference, prospectively, in the animals whose behavior was improved. In contrast, methylphenidate, but not 2-methyldihydrexidine, significantly decreased neuronal preference, retrospectively, in those animals who had impaired performance. These results suggest that a D1 agonist may be more effective than methylphenidate in regulating sWM-related behavior through neural modulation of the PFC, and thus may be superior to methylphenidate or other stimulants as ADHD pharmacotherapy. Significance Statement Methylphenidate is effective in ADHD by its indirect agonist stimulation of dopamine and/or adrenergic receptors, but the precise effects on specific targets are unclear. We compared methylphenidate to a dopamine D1 receptor-selective agonist by investigating effects on working memory occurring via neural modulation in the prefrontal cortex. The data suggest that pharmacological treatment selectively targeting the dopamine D1 may offer a superior approach to ADHD pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, United States
| | | | - Lan Kong
- Penn State College of Medicine, United States
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28
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Zha R, Li P, Liu Y, Alarefi A, Zhang X, Li J. The orbitofrontal cortex represents advantageous choice in the Iowa gambling task. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3840-3856. [PMID: 35476367 PMCID: PMC9294296 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A good‐based model, the central neurobiological model of economic decision‐making, proposes that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) represents binary choice outcome, that is, the chosen good. A good is defined by a group of determinants characterizing the conditions in which the commodity is offered, including commodity type, cost, risk, time delay, and ambiguity. Previous studies have found that the OFC represents the binary choice outcome in decision‐making tasks involving commodity type, cost, risk, and delay. Real‐life decisions are often complex and involve uncertainty, rewards, and penalties; however, whether the OFC represents binary choice outcomes in a complex decision‐making situation, for example, Iowa gambling task (IGT), remains unclear. Here, we propose that the OFC represents binary choice outcome, that is, advantageous choice versus disadvantageous choice, in the IGT. We propose two hypotheses: first, the activity pattern in the human OFC represents an advantageous choice; and second, choice induces an OFC‐related functional network. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and advanced machine‐learning tools, we found that the OFC represented an advantageous choice in the IGT. The OFC representation of advantageous choice was related to decision‐making performance. Choice modulated the functional connectivity between the OFC and the superior medial gyrus. In conclusion, the OFC represents an advantageous choice during the IGT. In the framework of a good‐based model, the results extend the role of the OFC to complex decision‐making situation when making a binary choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujing Zha
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Automation, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Abdulqawi Alarefi
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Application Technology Center of Physical Therapy to Brain Disorders, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Hefei Medical Research Center on Alcohol Addiction, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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29
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Neonatal Anesthesia and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040787. [PMID: 35453473 PMCID: PMC9026345 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal anesthesia, while often essential for surgeries or imaging procedures, is accompanied by significant risks to redox balance in the brain due to the relatively weak antioxidant system in children. Oxidative stress is characterized by concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are elevated beyond what can be accommodated by the antioxidant defense system. In neonatal anesthesia, this has been proposed to be a contributing factor to some of the negative consequences (e.g., learning deficits and behavioral abnormalities) that are associated with early anesthetic exposure. In order to assess the relationship between neonatal anesthesia and oxidative stress, we first review the mechanisms of action of common anesthetic agents, the key pathways that produce the majority of ROS, and the main antioxidants. We then explore the possible immediate, short-term, and long-term pathways of neonatal-anesthesia-induced oxidative stress. We review a large body of literature describing oxidative stress to be evident during and immediately following neonatal anesthesia. Moreover, our review suggests that the short-term pathway has a temporally limited effect on oxidative stress, while the long-term pathway can manifest years later due to the altered development of neurons and neurovascular interactions.
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30
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Hernandez CM, Hernandez AR, Hoffman JM, King PH, McMahon LL, Buford TW, Carter C, Bizon JL, Burke SN. A Neuroscience Primer for Integrating Geroscience With the Neurobiology of Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:e19-e33. [PMID: 34623396 PMCID: PMC8751809 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience has a rich history of studies focusing on neurobiology of aging. However, much of the aging studies in neuroscience occur outside of the gerosciences. The goal of this primer is 2-fold: first, to briefly highlight some of the history of aging neurobiology and second, to introduce to geroscientists the broad spectrum of methodological approaches neuroscientists use to study the neurobiology of aging. This primer is accompanied by a corresponding geroscience primer, as well as a perspective on the current challenges and triumphs of the current divide across these 2 fields. This series of manuscripts is intended to foster enhanced collaborations between neuroscientists and geroscientists with the intent of strengthening the field of cognitive aging through inclusion of parameters from both areas of expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caesar M Hernandez
- Department of Cellular, Development, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abigail R Hernandez
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessica M Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Peter H King
- Department of Cellular, Development, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lori L McMahon
- Department of Cellular, Development, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Nathan Shock Center for the Basic Biology of Aging, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Integrative Center for Aging Research, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Nathan Shock Center for the Basic Biology of Aging, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Integrative Center for Aging Research, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christy Carter
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer L Bizon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, and the McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sara N Burke
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, and the McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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31
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de Mendonça Filho EJ, Barth B, Bandeira DR, de Lima RMS, Arcego DM, Dalmaz C, Pokhvisneva I, Sassi RB, Hall GBC, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. Cognitive Development and Brain Gray Matter Susceptibility to Prenatal Adversities: Moderation by the Prefrontal Cortex Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Co-expression Network. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:744743. [PMID: 34899157 PMCID: PMC8652300 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.744743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies focused on the relationship between prenatal conditions and neurodevelopmental outcomes later in life, but few have explored the interplay between gene co-expression networks and prenatal adversity conditions on cognitive development trajectories and gray matter density. Methods: We analyzed the moderation effects of an expression polygenic score (ePRS) for the Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor gene network (BDNF ePRS) on the association between prenatal adversity and child cognitive development. A score based on genes co-expressed with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) BDNF was created, using the effect size of the association between the individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and the BDNF expression in the PFC. Cognitive development trajectories of 157 young children from the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) cohort were assessed longitudinally in 4-time points (6, 12, 18, and 36 months) using the Bayley-II mental scales. Results: Linear mixed-effects modeling indicated that BDNF ePRS moderates the effects of prenatal adversity on cognitive growth. In children with high BDNF ePRS, higher prenatal adversity was associated with slower cognitive development in comparison with those exposed to lower prenatal adversity. Parallel-Independent Component Analysis (pICA) suggested that associations of expression-based SNPs and gray matter density significantly differed between low and high prenatal adversity groups. The brain IC included areas involved in visual association processes (Brodmann area 19 and 18), reallocation of attention, and integration of information across the supramodal cortex (Brodmann area 10). Conclusion: Cognitive development trajectories and brain gray matter seem to be influenced by the interplay of prenatal environmental conditions and the expression of an important BDNF gene network that guides the growth and plasticity of neurons and synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euclides José de Mendonça Filho
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara Barth
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Denise Ruschel Bandeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Danusa Mar Arcego
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Geoffrey B. C. Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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32
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Ouerchefani R, Ouerchefani N, Ben Rejeb MR, Le Gall D. Impaired Perception of Unintentional Transgression of Social Norms after Prefrontal Cortex Damage: Relationship to Decision Making, Emotion Recognition, and Executive Functions. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 37:249-273. [PMID: 34619764 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with prefrontal cortex damage often transgress social rules and show lower accuracy in identifying and explaining inappropriate social behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the ability to perceive other unintentional transgressions of social norms and both decision making and emotion recognition as these abilities are critical for appropriate social behavior. METHOD We examined a group of patients with focal prefrontal cortex damage (N = 28) and a group of matched control participants (N = 28) for their abilities to detect unintentional transgression of social norms using the "Faux-Pas" task of theory of mind, to make advantageous decisions on the Iowa gambling task, and to recognize basic emotions on the Ekman facial affect test. RESULTS The group of patients with frontal lobe damage was impaired in all of these tasks compared with control participants. Moreover, all the "Faux-Pas", Iowa gambling, and emotion recognition tasks were significantly associated and predicted by executive measures of inhibition, flexibility, or planning. However, only measures from the Iowa gambling task were associated and predicted performance on the "Faux-Pas" task. These tasks were not associated with performance in recognition of basic emotions. These findings suggest that theory of mind, executive functions, and decision-making abilities act in an interdependent way for appropriate social behavior. However, theory of mind and emotion recognition seem to have distinct but additive effects upon social behavior. Results from VLSM analysis also corroborate these data by showing a partially overlapped prefrontal circuitry underlying these cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ouerchefani
- University of Tunis El Manar, High Institute of Human sciences, Department of Psychology, 26 Boulevard Darghouth Pacha, Tunis, Tunisia.,Univ Angers, Université de Nantes, LPPL, SFR Confluences, Angers, France
| | | | - Mohamed Riadh Ben Rejeb
- University of Tunis I, Faculty of Human and Social Science of Tunisia, Department of Psychology, Boulvard 9 Avril, C.P. 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Didier Le Gall
- Univ Angers, Université de Nantes, LPPL, SFR Confluences, Angers, France
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33
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Benke T, Marksteiner J, Ruepp B, Weiss EM, Zamarian L. Decision Making under Risk in Patients Suffering from Schizophrenia or Depression. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091178. [PMID: 34573199 PMCID: PMC8470442 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported difficulties in decision making for patients with schizophrenia or depression. Here, we investigated whether there are differences between schizophrenia patients, depressed patients, and healthy individuals (HC) when decisions are to be made under risk and cognitive flexibility is required. We were also interested in the relationships between decision making, cognitive functioning, and disease severity. Thirty HC, 28 schizophrenia patients, and 28 depressed patients underwent structured clinical assessments and were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale or Hamilton Rating Scale. They performed the Probability-Associated Gambling (PAG) Task and a neuropsychological test battery. Both patient groups obtained lower scores than HC in memory and executive function measures. In the PAG task, relative to HC, depressed patients made slower decisions but showed a comparable number of advantageous decisions or strategy flexibility. Schizophrenia patients were slower, riskier, and less flexible compared to HC. For them, the decision making behavior correlated with the symptom severity. In both groups, decision making scores correlated with memory and executive function scores. Patients with schizophrenia or depression may have difficulties under risk when quick and flexible decisions are required. These difficulties may be more pronounced in patients who have marked cognitive deficits or severe clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Benke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, Hall State Hospital, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria; (T.B.); (J.M.); (B.R.)
| | - Josef Marksteiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, Hall State Hospital, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria; (T.B.); (J.M.); (B.R.)
| | - Beatrix Ruepp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, Hall State Hospital, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria; (T.B.); (J.M.); (B.R.)
| | - Elisabeth M. Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Laura Zamarian
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
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34
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Augusto-Oliveira M, Arrifano GDP, Lopes-Araújo A, Santos-Sacramento L, Lima RR, Lamers ML, Le Blond J, Crespo-Lopez ME. Salivary biomarkers and neuropsychological outcomes: A non-invasive approach to investigate pollutants-associated neurotoxicity and its effects on cognition in vulnerable populations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111432. [PMID: 34062204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of neurotoxicity caused by xenobiotics such as pesticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, organophosphates, pyrethroids, etc.) or metals (mercury, lead, aluminum, arsenic, etc.) is a growing concern around the world, particularly in vulnerable populations with difficulties on both detection and symptoms treatment, due to low economic status, remote access, poor infrastructure, and low educational level, among others features. Despite the numerous molecular markers and questionnaires/clinical evaluations, studying neurotoxicity and its effects on cognition in these populations faces problems with samples collection and processing, and information accuracy. Assessing cognitive changes caused by neurotoxicity, especially those that are subtle in the initial stages, is fundamentally challenging. Finding accurate, non-invasive, and low-cost strategies to detect the first signals of brain injury has the potential to support an accelerated development of the research with these populations. Saliva emerges as an ideal pool of biomarkers (with interleukins and neural damage-related proteins, among others) and potential alternative diagnostic fluid to molecularly investigate neurotoxicity. As a source of numerous neurological biomarkers, saliva has several advantages compared to blood, such as easier storage, requires less manipulation, and the procedure is cheaper, safer and well accepted by patients compared with drawing blood. Regarding cognitive dysfunction, neuropsychological batteries represent, with their friendly interface, a feasible and accurate method to evaluate the eventual cognitive deficits associated with neurotoxicity in people from diverse cultural and educational backgrounds. The association of these two tools, saliva and neuropsychological batteries, to cover the molecular and cognitive aspects of neurotoxicity in vulnerable populations, could potentially increase the prevalence of early intervention and successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela de Paula Arrifano
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Lopes-Araújo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Santos-Sacramento
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
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Dalmaz C, Barth B, Pokhvisneva I, Wang Z, Patel S, Quillfeldt JA, Mendonça Filho EJ, de Lima RMS, Arcego DM, Sassi RB, Hall GBC, Kobor MS, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. Prefrontal cortex VAMP1 gene network moderates the effect of the early environment on cognitive flexibility in children. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 185:107509. [PMID: 34454100 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
During development, genetic and environmental factors interact to modify specific phenotypes. Both in humans and in animal models, early adversities influence cognitive flexibility, an important brain function related to behavioral adaptation to variations in the environment. Abnormalities in cognitive functions are related to changes in synaptic connectivity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and altered levels of synaptic proteins. We investigated if individual variations in the expression of a network of genes co-expressed with the synaptic protein VAMP1 in the prefrontal cortex moderate the effect of early environmental quality on the performance of children in cognitive flexibility tasks. Genes overexpressed in early childhood and co-expressed with the VAMP1 gene in the PFC were selected for study. SNPs from these genes (post-clumping) were compiled in an expression-based polygenic score (PFC-ePRS-VAMP1). We evaluated cognitive performance of the 4 years-old children in two cohorts using similar cognitive flexibility tasks. In the first cohort (MAVAN) we utilized two CANTAB tasks: (a) the Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set Shift (IED) task, and (b) the Spatial Working Memory (SWM) task. In the second cohort, GUSTO, we used the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task. The results show that in 4 years-old children, the PFC-ePRS-VAMP1 network moderates responsiveness to the effects of early adversities on the performance in attentional flexibility tests. The same result was observed for a spatial working memory task. Compared to attentional flexibility, reversal learning showed opposite effects of the environment, as moderated by the ePRS. A parallel ICA analysis was performed to identify relationships between whole-brain voxel based gray matter density and SNPs that comprise the PFC-ePRS-VAMP1. The early environment predicts differences in gray matter content in regions such as prefrontal and temporal cortices, significantly associated with a genetic component related to Wnt signaling pathways. Our data suggest that a network of genes co-expressed with VAMP1 in the PFC moderates the influence of early environment on cognitive function in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Dalmaz
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Depto Bioquimica e PPG CB Bioquimica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; PPG Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Barbara Barth
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zihan Wang
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sachin Patel
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jorge A Quillfeldt
- PPG Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Depto Biofisica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Euclides J Mendonça Filho
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; PPG Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Danusa M Arcego
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roberto Britto Sassi
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey B C Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Patrícia P Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; PPG Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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36
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Axelsson SFA, Horst NK, Horiguchi N, Roberts AC, Robbins TW. Flexible versus Fixed Spatial Self-Ordered Response Sequencing: Effects of Inactivation and Neurochemical Modulation of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7246-7258. [PMID: 34261701 PMCID: PMC8387118 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0227-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, studies using human neuroimaging and excitotoxic lesions in non-human primate have demonstrated an important role of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) in higher order cognitive functions such as cognitive flexibility and the planning of behavioral sequences. In the present experiments, we tested effects on performance of temporary inactivation (using GABA receptor agonists) and dopamine (DA) D2 and 5-HT2A-receptor (R) blockade of vlPFC via local intracerebral infusions in the marmoset. We trained common marmosets to perform spatial self-ordered sequencing tasks in which one cohort of animals performed two and three response sequences on a continuously varying spatial array of response options on a touch-sensitive screen. Inactivation of vlPFC produced a marked disruption of accuracy of sequencing which also exhibited significant error perseveration. There were somewhat contrasting effects of D2 and 5-HT2A-R blockade, with the former producing error perseveration on incorrect trials, though not significantly impairing accuracy overall, and the latter significantly impairing accuracy but not error perseveration. A second cohort of marmosets were directly compared on performance of fixed versus variable spatial arrays. Inactivation of vlPFC again impaired self-ordered sequencing, but only with varying, and not fixed spatial arrays, the latter leading to the consistent use of fewer, preferred sequences. These findings add to evidence that vlPFC is implicated in goal-directed behavior that requires higher-order response heuristics that can be applied flexibly over different (variable), as compared with fixed stimulus exemplars. They also show that dopaminergic and serotonergic chemomodulation has distinctive effects on such performance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This investigation employing local intracerebral infusions to inactivate the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the New World marmoset reveals the important role of this region in self-ordered response sequencing in variable but not fixed spatial arrays. These novel findings emphasize the higher order functions of this region, contributing to cognitive flexibility and planning of goal directed behavior. The investigation also reports for the first time somewhat contrasting neuromodulatory deficits produced by infusions of dopamine (DA) D2 and 5-HT2A receptor (R) antagonists into the same region, of possible significance for understanding cognitive deficits produced by anti-psychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F A Axelsson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - N K Horst
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Naotaka Horiguchi
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - A C Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - T W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
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37
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Boshomane TT, Pillay BJ, Meyer A. Mental flexibility (set-shifting) deficits in children with ADHD: A replication and extension study. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2021.1952637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tshikani Theodore Boshomane
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Basil Joseph Pillay
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anneke Meyer
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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38
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Murugappan SK, Hasan M, Lei Z, Iqbal Z, Ramkrishnan AS, Wong HY, Li Y. Trigeminal neuropathy causes hypomyelination in the anterior cingulate cortex, disrupts the synchrony of neural circuitry, and impairs decision-making in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2721-2742. [PMID: 34323312 PMCID: PMC8596863 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infraorbital nerve‐chronic constriction injury (ION‐CCI) has become the most popular chronic trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) injury animal model which causes prolonged mechanical allodynia. Accumulative evidence suggests that TNP interferes with cognitive functions, however the underlying mechanisms are not known. The aim of this study was to investigate decision‐making performance as well as synaptic and large‐scale neural synchronized alterations in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (SpV) circuitry and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neural circuitry in male rats with TNP. Rat gambling task showed that ION‐CCI led to decrease the proportion of good decision makers and increase the proportion of poor decision makers. Electrophysiological recordings showed long‐lasting synaptic potentiation of local field potential in the trigeminal ganglia‐SpV caudalis (SpVc) synapses in TNP rats. In this study, TNP led to disruption of ACC spike timing and basolateral amygdala (BLA) theta oscillation associated with suppressed synchronization of theta oscillation between the BLA and ACC, indicating reduced neuronal communications. Myelination is critical for information flow between brain regions, and myelin plasticity is an important feature for learning. Neural activity in the cortical regions impacts myelination by regulating oligodendrocyte (OL) proliferation, differentiation, and myelin formation. We characterized newly formed oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and mature OLs are reduced in TNP and are associated with reduced myelin strength in the ACC region. The functional disturbances in the BLA‐ACC neural circuitry is pathologically associated with the myelin defects in the ACC region which may be relevant causes for the deficits in decision‐making in chronic TNP state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Murugappan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Mahadi Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhuogui Lei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Aruna S Ramkrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Heung Y Wong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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39
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Jobson DD, Hase Y, Clarkson AN, Kalaria RN. The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in cognition, ageing and dementia. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab125. [PMID: 34222873 PMCID: PMC8249104 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans require a plethora of higher cognitive skills to perform executive functions, such as reasoning, planning, language and social interactions, which are regulated predominantly by the prefrontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex comprises the lateral, medial and orbitofrontal regions. In higher primates, the lateral prefrontal cortex is further separated into the respective dorsal and ventral subregions. However, all these regions have variably been implicated in several fronto-subcortical circuits. Dysfunction of these circuits has been highlighted in vascular and other neurocognitive disorders. Recent advances suggest the medial prefrontal cortex plays an important regulatory role in numerous cognitive functions, including attention, inhibitory control, habit formation and working, spatial or long-term memory. The medial prefrontal cortex appears highly interconnected with subcortical regions (thalamus, amygdala and hippocampus) and exerts top-down executive control over various cognitive domains and stimuli. Much of our knowledge comes from rodent models using precise lesions and electrophysiology readouts from specific medial prefrontal cortex locations. Although, anatomical disparities of the rodent medial prefrontal cortex compared to the primate homologue are apparent, current rodent models have effectively implicated the medial prefrontal cortex as a neural substrate of cognitive decline within ageing and dementia. Human brain connectivity-based neuroimaging has demonstrated that large-scale medial prefrontal cortex networks, such as the default mode network, are equally important for cognition. However, there is little consensus on how medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity specifically changes during brain pathological states. In context with previous work in rodents and non-human primates, we attempt to convey a consensus on the current understanding of the role of predominantly the medial prefrontal cortex and its functional connectivity measured by resting-state functional MRI in ageing associated disorders, including prodromal dementia states, Alzheimer's disease, post-ischaemic stroke, Parkinsonism and frontotemporal dementia. Previous cross-sectional studies suggest that medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity abnormalities are consistently found in the default mode network across both ageing and neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment. Distinct disease-specific patterns of medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity alterations within specific large-scale networks appear to consistently feature in the default mode network, whilst detrimental connectivity alterations are associated with cognitive impairments independently from structural pathological aberrations, such as grey matter atrophy. These disease-specific patterns of medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity also precede structural pathological changes and may be driven by ageing-related vascular mechanisms. The default mode network supports utility as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for dementia-associated conditions. Yet, these associations still require validation in longitudinal studies using larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan D Jobson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute,
Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality,
Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Yoshiki Hase
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute,
Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality,
Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Andrew N Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre
and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054,
New Zealand
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute,
Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality,
Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
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40
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Piantadosi PT, Halladay LR, Radke AK, Holmes A. Advances in understanding meso-cortico-limbic-striatal systems mediating risky reward seeking. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1547-1571. [PMID: 33704784 PMCID: PMC8981567 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The risk of an aversive consequence occurring as the result of a reward-seeking action can have a profound effect on subsequent behavior. Such aversive events can be described as punishers, as they decrease the probability that the same action will be produced again in the future and increase the exploration of less risky alternatives. Punishment can involve the omission of an expected rewarding event ("negative" punishment) or the addition of an unpleasant event ("positive" punishment). Although many individuals adaptively navigate situations associated with the risk of negative or positive punishment, those suffering from substance use disorders or behavioral addictions tend to be less able to curtail addictive behaviors despite the aversive consequences associated with them. Here, we discuss the psychological processes underpinning reward seeking despite the risk of negative and positive punishment and consider how behavioral assays in animals have been employed to provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying addictive disorders. We then review the critical contributions of dopamine signaling to punishment learning and risky reward seeking, and address the roles of interconnected ventral striatal, cortical, and amygdala regions to these processes. We conclude by discussing the ample opportunities for future study to clarify critical gaps in the literature, particularly as related to delineating neural contributions to distinct phases of the risky decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T. Piantadosi
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay R. Halladay
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA
| | - Anna K. Radke
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Acupuncture alleviates chronic pain and comorbid conditions in a mouse model of neuropathic pain: the involvement of DNA methylation in the prefrontal cortex. Pain 2021; 162:514-530. [PMID: 32796318 PMCID: PMC7808350 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic pain reduces life quality and is an important clinical problem associated with emotional and cognitive dysfunction. Epigenetic regulation of DNA methylation is involved in the induction of abnormal behaviors and pathological gene expression. We examined whether acupuncture can restore epigenetic changes caused by chronic pain, and identified the underlying mechanisms in neuropathic pain mice. Acupuncture treatment for 6 months (3 days/week) improved mechanical/cold allodynia and the emotional/cognitive dysfunction caused by left partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL)-induced neuropathic pain. The effects of acupuncture were associated with global DNA methylation recovery in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Analysis of DNA methylation patterns in PFC indicated that 1364 overlapping genes among 4442 and 4416 methylated genes in the PSNL vs sham and PSNL vs acupuncture points groups, respectively, were highly associated with the DNA methylation process. Acupuncture restored the reduced expression of 5-methylcytosine, methyl-cytosine-phospho-guanine binding protein 2, and DNA methyltransferase family enzymes induced by PSNL in PFC. Methylation levels of Nr4a1 and Chkb associated with mitochondrial dysfunction were decreased in PFC of the PSNL mice, and increased by acupuncture. By contrast, high expression of Nr4a1 and Chkb mRNA in PSNL mice decreased after acupuncture. We also found that acupuncture inhibited the expression of Ras pathway-related genes such as Rasgrp1 and Rassf1. Finally, the expression of Nr4a1, Rasgrp1, Rassf1, and Chkb mRNA increased in the neuronal cells treated with Mecp2 small interfering RNA. These results suggest that acupuncture can relieve chronic pain-induced comorbid conditions by altering DNA methylation of Nr4a1, Rasgrp1, Rassf1, and Chkb in the PFC.
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Rizk MM, Herzog S, Dugad S, Stanley B. Suicide Risk and Addiction: The Impact of Alcohol and Opioid Use Disorders. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021; 8:194-207. [PMID: 33747710 PMCID: PMC7955902 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Suicide is a major public health concern and a leading cause of death in the US. Alcohol and opioid use disorders (AUD/OUD) significantly increase risk for suicidal ideation, attempts, and death, and are the two most frequently implicated substances in suicide risk. We provide a brief overview of shared risk factors and pathways in the pathogenesis of AUD/OUD and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. We also review clinical recommendations on inpatient care, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapeutic interventions for people with AUD/OUD and co-occurring suicidal ideation and behavior. Recent Findings Among people with an underlying vulnerability to risk-taking and impulsive behaviors, chronic alcohol intoxication can increase maladaptive coping behaviors and hinder self-regulation, thereby increasing the risk of suicide. Additionally, chronic opioid use can result in neurobiological changes that lead to increases in negative affective states, jointly contributing to suicide risk and continued opioid use. Despite significantly elevated suicide risk in individuals with AUD/OUD, there is a dearth of research on pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for co-occurring AUD/OUD and suicidal ideation and behavior. Summary Further research is needed to understand the effects of alcohol and opioid use on suicide risk, as well as address notable gaps in the literature on psychosocial and pharmacological interventions to lower risk for suicide among individuals with AUD/OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina M. Rizk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 42, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt, Egypt
| | - Sarah Herzog
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 42, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Sanjana Dugad
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 42, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Barbara Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 42, New York, NY 10032 USA
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de-Juan-Ripoll C, Chicchi Giglioli IA, Llanes-Jurado J, Marín-Morales J, Alcañiz M. Why Do We Take Risks? Perception of the Situation and Risk Proneness Predict Domain-Specific Risk Taking. Front Psychol 2021; 12:562381. [PMID: 33762988 PMCID: PMC7982407 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.562381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk taking (RT) is a component of the decision-making process in situations that involve uncertainty and in which the probability of each outcome - rewards and/or negative consequences - is already known. The influence of cognitive and emotional processes in decision making may affect how risky situations are addressed. First, inaccurate assessments of situations may constitute a perceptual bias in decision making, which might influence RT. Second, there seems to be consensus that a proneness bias exists, known as risk proneness, which can be defined as the propensity to be attracted to potentially risky activities. In the present study, we take the approach that risk perception and risk proneness affect RT behaviours. The study hypothesises that locus of control, emotion regulation, and executive control act as perceptual biases in RT, and that personality, sensation seeking, and impulsivity traits act as proneness biases in RT. The results suggest that locus of control, emotion regulation and executive control influence certain domains of RT, while personality influences in all domains except the recreational, and sensation seeking and impulsivity are involved in all domains of RT. The results of the study constitute a foundation upon which to build in this research area and can contribute to the increased understanding of human behaviour in risky situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla de-Juan-Ripoll
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Alice Chicchi Giglioli
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Llanes-Jurado
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Marín-Morales
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariano Alcañiz
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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44
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Obeso I, Herrero MT, Ligneul R, Rothwell JC, Jahanshahi M. A Causal Role for the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Avoidance of Risky Choices and Making Advantageous Selections. Neuroscience 2021; 458:166-179. [PMID: 33476698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In everyday life, risky decision-making relies on multiple cognitive processes including sensitivity to reinforcers, exploration, learning, and forgetting. Neuroimaging evidence suggests that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is involved in exploration and risky decision-making, but the nature of its computations and its causal role remain uncertain. We provide evidence for the role of the DLPFC in value-independent, directed exploration on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and we describe a new computational model to account for the competition of directed exploration and exploitation in guiding decisions. Forty-two healthy human participants were included in a right DLPFC, left DLPFC or sham stimulation groups using continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS). Immediately after cTBS, the IGT was completed. Computational modelling was used to account for exploration and exploitation with different combinations with value-based and sensitivity to reinforcers for each group. Applying cTBS to the left and right DLPFC selectively decreased directed exploration on the IGT compared to sham stimulation. Model-based analyses further indicated that the right (but not the left) DLPFC stimulation increased sensitivity to reinforcers, leading to avoidance of risky choices and promoting advantageous choices during the task. Although these findings are based on small sample sizes per group, they nevertheless elucidate the causal role of the right DLPFC in governing the exploration-exploitation tradeoff during decision-making in uncertain and ambiguous contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Obeso
- HM Hospitales - HM CINAC, 28938 Móstoles, and CEU-San Pablo University, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria-Trinidad Herrero
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE-IMIB-IUIE), Department of Human Anatomy & Psychobiology, School of Medicine, Campus Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Romain Ligneul
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmejen, Netherlands
| | - John C Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 33 Queen Square, London WC1N3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Marjan Jahanshahi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 33 Queen Square, London WC1N3BG, United Kingdom; Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Wang Y, Wang X, Wang K, Zhao B, Chen X. Decision-making impairments under ambiguous and risky situations in patients with prefrontal tumor: A neuropsychological study. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01951. [PMID: 33210470 PMCID: PMC7821570 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neural mechanism underlying decision-making, which is an important component of executive function, is complex and not fully understood. Few studies have directly investigated the two types of decision-making functions - under ambiguity and under risk - in patients with brain tumors in different brain regions. METHODS Participants were classified into the ventral prefrontal cortex tumor group (VPFC, n = 27), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tumor group (DLPFC, n = 29), and matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 32). All participants were given a battery of neuropsychological tests, and they then performed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Game of Dice Task (GDT) to assess their decision-making under ambiguity and under risk, respectively. RESULTS The two patient groups performed significantly worse on attention, memory, information processing, and executive function. Additionally, patients in the DLPFC group performed significantly worse on the memory and information processing tests compared with the VPFC and HC groups. CONCLUSION This study found that the decision-making functions of participants in the VPFC and DLPFC tumor groups were impaired to varying degrees. Among them, there was decision-making impairment under ambiguity and under risk in the VPFC group, and there was decision-making impairment under risk in the DLPFC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xukou Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Anhui Province, China.,Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Anhui Province, China.,Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
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46
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Raimo S, Cropano M, Trojano L, Santangelo G. The neural basis of gambling disorder: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:279-302. [PMID: 33275954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous imaging studies suggested that impairments of prefrontal-striatal and limbic circuits are correlated to excessive gambling. However, the neural underpinnings of gambling disorder (GD) continue to be the topic of debate. The present study aimed to identify structural changes in GD and differentiate the specific brain activity patterns associated with decision-making and reward-processing. We performed a systematic review complemented by Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses on morphometric and functional studies on neural correlates of GD. The ALE meta-analysis on structural studies revealed that patients with GD showed significant cortical grey-matter thinning in the right ventrolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex compared to healthy subjects. The ALE meta-analyses on functional studies revealed that patients with GD showed a significant hyperactivation in the medial prefrontal cortex and in the right ventral striatum during decision-making and gain processing compared to healthy subjects. These findings suggest that GD is related to an alteration of brain mechanisms underlying top-down control and appraisal of gambling-related stimuli and provided indications to develop new interventions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
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Durairaja A, Fendt M. Orexin deficiency modulates cognitive flexibility in a sex-dependent manner. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 20:e12707. [PMID: 33070452 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility is an important executive function and refers to the ability to adapt behaviors in response to changes in the environment. Of note, many brain disorders are associated with impairments in cognitive flexibility. Several classical neurotransmitter systems including dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline are shown to be important for cognitive flexibility, however, there is not much known about the role of neuropeptides. The neuropeptide orexin, which is brain-widely released by neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, is a major player in maintaining sleep/wake cycle, feeding behavior, arousal, and motivational behavior. Recent studies showed a role of orexin in attention, cognition and stress-induced attenuation of cognitive flexibility by disrupting orexin signaling locally or systemically. However, it is not known so far whether brain-wide reduction or loss of orexin affects cognitive flexibility. We investigated this question by testing male and female orexin-deficient mice in the attentional set shifting task (ASST), an established paradigm of cognitive flexibility. We found that orexin deficiency impaired the intra-dimensional shift phase of the ASST selectively in female homozygous orexin-deficient mice and improved the first reversal learning phase selectively in male homozygous orexin-deficient mice. We also found that these orexin-mediated sex-based modulations of cognitive flexibility were not correlated with trait anxiety, narcoleptic episodes, and reward consumption. Our findings highlight a sexually dimorphic role of orexin in regulating cognitive flexibility and the need for further investigations of sex-specific functions of the orexin circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Durairaja
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fendt
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Sarkar S, Choudhury S, Islam N, Chowdhury MSJH, Chowdhury MTI, Baker MR, Baker SN, Kumar H. Effects of Diazepam on Reaction Times to Stop and Go. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:567177. [PMID: 33132880 PMCID: PMC7573484 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.567177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The ability to stop the execution of a movement in response to an external cue requires intact executive function. The effect of psychotropic drugs on movement inhibition is largely unknown. Movement stopping can be estimated by the Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT). In a recent publication, we validated an improved measure of SSRT (optimum combination SSRT, ocSSRT). Here we explored how diazepam, which enhances transmission at GABAA receptors, affects ocSSRT. Methods: Nine healthy individuals were randomized to receive placebo, 5 mg or 10 mg doses of diazepam. Each participant received both the dosage of drug and placebo orally on separate days with adequate washout. The ocSSRT and simple reaction time (RT) were estimated through a stop-signal task delivered via a battery-operated box incorporating green (Go) and red (Stop) light-emitting diodes. The task was performed just before and 1 h after dosing. Result: The mean change in ocSSRT after 10 mg diazepam was significantly higher (+27 ms) than for placebo (−1 ms; p = 0.012). By contrast, the mean change in simple response time remained comparable in all three dosing groups (p = 0.419). Conclusion: Our results confirm that a single therapeutic adult dose of diazepam can alter motor inhibition in drug naïve healthy individuals. The selective effect of diazepam on ocSSRT but not simple RT suggests that GABAergic neurons may play a critical role in movement-stopping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Sarkar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India.,Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Supriyo Choudhury
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Mark R Baker
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart N Baker
- The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hrishikesh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India
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Traumatic brain injuries and problem gambling in youth: Evidence from a population-based study of secondary students in Ontario, Canada. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239661. [PMID: 33007032 PMCID: PMC7531994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by a change in brain function after an external force or sudden movement to the head. TBI is associated with risk-taking, impulsivity, psychological distress, substance abuse, and violent crime. Previous studies have also linked problem gambling to TBI, but these studies have not controlled for possible confounding variables such as mental health problems and hazardous drinking which are also linked to TBI. This study examines the relationship between problem gambling and TBI among adolescents. Data were obtained from the 2011, 2013 and 2015 cycles of the OSDUHS, a biennial cross-sectional school-based study of children in grades 7 to 12 (N = 9,198). Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) in controlled and uncontrolled analyses. Adjusting for sex and grade only, problem gambling was associated with a history of TBI (AOR = 2.8). This association remained significant after adjusting for hazardous drinking and suicidality (AOR = 2.0). In addition, problem gambling had a statistically significant relationship with being male (AOR = 4.7), hazardous drinking (AOR = 4.5), and suicidality (AOR = 3.1). This study provides further data to suggest a link between TBI and problem gambling. However, research is needed on the causal relationship between these variables and the potential implications for treatment and prevention.
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50
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Martínez-García C, Parra-Martínez C, Parra ÁT, Martínez-García TE, Alameda-Bailén JR. Iowa Gambling Task and Distortion in Perception of Body Image Among Adolescent Women With Eating Disorders. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2223. [PMID: 32982892 PMCID: PMC7488598 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Iowa gambling task (IGT) is an instrument for the neuropsychological evaluation of cognitive and emotional decision making (DM) processes that was created to test the somatic marker hypothesis (SMH) described by Damasio in 1994. It was initially applied to patients with frontal lobe lesions due to its association with executive functions but was subsequently used on patients with a variety of disorders. Although the DM process is inherently perceptual, few studies have applied the IGT to examine DM processes in patients with eating disorders (EDs), and even fewer have associated the IGT to the perceptual distortion of body image (PDBI) in this population. People diagnosed with ED exhibit heightened control over their somatic responses-for example, they can delay digestion for hours-and DM may be affected in this condition. This study compares the performance of two samples of adolescent women-hospitalized patients with ED, and healthy controls with similar demographic characteristics-on the IGT using body image as a possible factor in the SMH. Seventy-four women with a mean age of 14.97 years (SD = 2.347) participated. To analyze their body self-image, we used the figure-rating scale and compared the results with their body mass index (BMI). Correlations between indices of the IGT and distortion in body image were then explored. The results revealed significant differences between the groups in terms of evolving performance on the partial IGT. Patients with ED performed worse than their healthy counterparts in the last 40 trials and exhibited greater distortions in their body image, especially in terms of overestimation. Indices of these distortions were negatively correlated with the total IGT. These results are compatible with the SMH because they suggest that patients with ED evinced blindness with regard to the future, as described by their authors. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the IGT and PDBI, showing that a more distorted body image was associated with lower IGT, that is, more disadvantageous or riskier decisions were made by the subjects with more distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concha Martínez-García
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Cecilio Parra-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Ángel T. Parra
- Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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