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Boccuni L, Roca-Ventura A, Buloz-Osorio E, Leno-Colorado D, Martín-Fernández J, Cabello-Toscano M, Perellón-Alfonso R, Pariente Zorrilla JC, Laredo C, Garrido C, Muñoz-Moreno E, Bargalló N, Villalba G, Martínez-Ricarte F, Trompetto C, Marinelli L, Sacchet MD, Bartrés-Faz D, Abellaneda-Pérez K, Pascual-Leone A, Tormos Muñoz JM. Exploring the neural basis of non-invasive prehabilitation in brain tumour patients: An fMRI-based case report of language network plasticity. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1390542. [PMID: 38826790 PMCID: PMC11140081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1390542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary brain neoplasms are associated with elevated mortality and morbidity rates. Brain tumour surgery aims to achieve maximal tumour resection while minimizing damage to healthy brain tissue. Research on Neuromodulation Induced Cortical Prehabilitation (NICP) has highlighted the potential, before neurosurgery, of establishing new brain connections and transfer functional activity from one area of the brain to another. Nonetheless, the neural mechanisms underlying these processes, particularly in the context of space-occupying lesions, remain unclear. A patient with a left frontotemporoinsular tumour underwent a prehabilitation protocol providing 20 sessions of inhibitory non-invasive neuromodulation (rTMS and multichannel tDCS) over a language network coupled with intensive task training. Prehabilitation resulted in an increment of the distance between the tumour and the language network. Furthermore, enhanced functional connectivity within the language circuit was observed. The present innovative case-study exposed that inhibition of the functional network area surrounding the space-occupying lesion promotes a plastic change in the network's spatial organization, presumably through the establishment of novel functional pathways away from the lesion's site. While these outcomes are promising, prudence dictates the need for larger studies to confirm and generalize these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Boccuni
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Conegliano, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Treviso, Italy
| | - Alba Roca-Ventura
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgar Buloz-Osorio
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Leno-Colorado
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Martín-Fernández
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - María Cabello-Toscano
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Perellón-Alfonso
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Pariente Zorrilla
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Laredo
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cesar Garrido
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Department, Diagnostic Image Centre, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Muñoz-Moreno
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Bargalló
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Department, Diagnostic Image Centre, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Villalba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlo Trompetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucio Marinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Matthew D. Sacchet
- Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kilian Abellaneda-Pérez
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Centre for Memory Health, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Josep María Tormos Muñoz
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
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Baumard J, Laniepce A, Lesourd M, Guezouli L, Beaucousin V, Gehin M, Osiurak F, Bartolo A. The Neurocognitive Bases of Meaningful Intransitive Gestures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Neuropsychological Studies. Neuropsychol Rev 2024:10.1007/s11065-024-09634-6. [PMID: 38448754 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-024-09634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Researchers and clinicians have long used meaningful intransitive (i.e., not tool-related; MFI) gestures to assess apraxia-a complex and frequent motor-cognitive disorder. Nevertheless, the neurocognitive bases of these gestures remain incompletely understood. Models of apraxia have assumed that meaningful intransitive gestures depend on either long-term memory (i.e., semantic memory and action lexicons) stored in the left hemisphere, or social cognition and the right hemisphere. This meta-analysis of 42 studies reports the performance of 2659 patients with either left or right hemisphere damage in tests of meaningful intransitive gestures, as compared to other gestures (i.e., MFT or meaningful transitive and MLI or meaningless intransitive) and cognitive tests. The key findings are as follows: (1) deficits of meaningful intransitive gestures are more frequent and severe after left than right hemisphere lesions, but they have been reported in both groups; (2) we found a transitivity effect in patients with lesions of the left hemisphere (i.e., meaningful transitive gestures more difficult than meaningful intransitive gestures) but a "reverse" transitivity effect in patients with lesions of the right hemisphere (i.e., meaningful transitive gestures easier than meaningful intransitive gestures); (3) there is a strong association between meaningful intransitive and transitive (but not meaningless) gestures; (4) isolated deficits of meaningful intransitive gestures are more frequent in cases with right than left hemisphere lesions; (5) these deficits may occur in the absence of language and semantic memory impairments; (6) meaningful intransitive gesture performance seems to vary according to the emotional content of gestures (i.e., body-centered gestures and emotional valence-intensity). These findings are partially consistent with the social cognition hypothesis. Methodological recommendations are given for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mathieu Lesourd
- UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besancon, France
| | - Léna Guezouli
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CRFDP, 76000, Rouen, France
| | | | - Maureen Gehin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CRFDP, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (UR 3082), Université Lyon 2, Bron, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Angela Bartolo
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
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3
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Malik-Moraleda S, Jouravlev O, Taliaferro M, Mineroff Z, Cucu T, Mahowald K, Blank IA, Fedorenko E. Functional characterization of the language network of polyglots and hyperpolyglots with precision fMRI. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae049. [PMID: 38466812 PMCID: PMC10928488 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
How do polyglots-individuals who speak five or more languages-process their languages, and what can this population tell us about the language system? Using fMRI, we identified the language network in each of 34 polyglots (including 16 hyperpolyglots with knowledge of 10+ languages) and examined its response to the native language, non-native languages of varying proficiency, and unfamiliar languages. All language conditions engaged all areas of the language network relative to a control condition. Languages that participants rated as higher proficiency elicited stronger responses, except for the native language, which elicited a similar or lower response than a non-native language of similar proficiency. Furthermore, unfamiliar languages that were typologically related to the participants' high-to-moderate-proficiency languages elicited a stronger response than unfamiliar unrelated languages. The results suggest that the language network's response magnitude scales with the degree of engagement of linguistic computations (e.g. related to lexical access and syntactic-structure building). We also replicated a prior finding of weaker responses to native language in polyglots than non-polyglot bilinguals. These results contribute to our understanding of how multiple languages coexist within a single brain and provide new evidence that the language network responds more strongly to stimuli that more fully engage linguistic computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Malik-Moraleda
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Olessia Jouravlev
- Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Maya Taliaferro
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Zachary Mineroff
- Eberly Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15289, United States
| | - Theodore Cucu
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15289, United States
| | - Kyle Mahowald
- Department of Linguistics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Idan A Blank
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, United States
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Bapat R, Pathak A, Banerjee A. Metastability indexes global changes in the dynamic working point of the brain following brain stimulation. Front Neurorobot 2024; 18:1336438. [PMID: 38440318 PMCID: PMC10909933 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2024.1336438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that coordination among neural ensembles is a key to understand human cognition. A well charted path is to identify coordination states associated with cognitive functions from spectral changes in the oscillations of EEG or MEG. A growing number of studies suggest that the tendency to switch between coordination states, sculpts the dynamic repertoire of the brain and can be indexed by a measure known as metastability. In this article, we characterize perturbations in the metastability of global brain network dynamics following Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation that could quantify the duration for which information processing is altered. Thus allowing researchers to understand the network effects of brain stimulation, standardize stimulation protocols and design experimental tasks. We demonstrate the effect empirically using publicly available datasets and use a digital twin (a whole brain connectome model) to understand the dynamic principles that generate such observations. We observed a significant reduction in metastability, concurrent with an increase in coherence following single-pulse TMS reflecting the existence of a window where neural coordination is altered. The reduction in complexity was validated by an additional measure based on the Lempel-Ziv complexity of microstate labeled EEG data. Interestingly, higher frequencies in the EEG signal showed faster recovery in metastability than lower frequencies. The digital twin shed light on how the phase resetting introduced by the single-pulse TMS in local cortical networks can propagate globally, giving rise to changes in metastability and coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arpan Banerjee
- Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
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5
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Malik-Moraleda S, Jouravlev O, Taliaferro M, Mineroff Z, Cucu T, Mahowald K, Blank IA, Fedorenko E. Functional characterization of the language network of polyglots and hyperpolyglots with precision fMRI. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.19.524657. [PMID: 36711949 PMCID: PMC9882290 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
How do polyglots-individuals who speak five or more languages-process their languages, and what can this population tell us about the language system? Using fMRI, we identified the language network in each of 34 polyglots (including 16 hyperpolyglots with knowledge of 10+ languages) and examined its response to the native language, non-native languages of varying proficiency, and unfamiliar languages. All language conditions engaged all areas of the language network relative to a control condition. Languages that participants rated as higher-proficiency elicited stronger responses, except for the native language, which elicited a similar or lower response than a non-native language of similar proficiency. Furthermore, unfamiliar languages that were typologically related to the participants' high-to-moderate-proficiency languages elicited a stronger response than unfamiliar unrelated languages. The results suggest that the language network's response magnitude scales with the degree of engagement of linguistic computations (e.g., related to lexical access and syntactic-structure building). We also replicated a prior finding of weaker responses to native language in polyglots than non-polyglot bilinguals. These results contribute to our understanding of how multiple languages co-exist within a single brain and provide new evidence that the language network responds more strongly to stimuli that more fully engage linguistic computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Malik-Moraleda
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Olessia Jouravlev
- Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Maya Taliaferro
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Theodore Cucu
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15289
| | - Kyle Mahowald
- Department of Linguistics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Idan A. Blank
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114
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Nalborczyk L, Longcamp M, Bonnard M, Serveau V, Spieser L, Alario FX. Distinct neural mechanisms support inner speaking and inner hearing. Cortex 2023; 169:161-173. [PMID: 37922641 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Humans have the ability to mentally examine speech. This covert form of speech production is often accompanied by sensory (e.g., auditory) percepts. However, the cognitive and neural mechanisms that generate these percepts are still debated. According to a prominent proposal, inner speech has at least two distinct phenomenological components: inner speaking and inner hearing. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to test whether these two phenomenologically distinct processes are supported by distinct neural mechanisms. We hypothesised that inner speaking relies more strongly on an online motor-to-sensory simulation that constructs a multisensory experience, whereas inner hearing relies more strongly on a memory-retrieval process, where the multisensory experience is reconstructed from stored motor-to-sensory associations. Accordingly, we predicted that the speech motor system will be involved more strongly during inner speaking than inner hearing. This would be revealed by modulations of TMS evoked responses at muscle level following stimulation of the lip primary motor cortex. Overall, data collected from 31 participants corroborated this prediction, showing that inner speaking increases the excitability of the primary motor cortex more than inner hearing. Moreover, this effect was more pronounced during the inner production of a syllable that strongly recruits the lips (vs. a syllable that recruits the lips to a lesser extent). These results are compatible with models assuming that the primary motor cortex is involved during inner speech and contribute to clarify the neural implementation of the fundamental ability of silently speaking in one's mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislas Nalborczyk
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPC, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNC, Marseille, France.
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Ntemou E, Svaldi C, Jonkers R, Picht T, Rofes A. Verb and sentence processing with TMS: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cortex 2023; 162:38-55. [PMID: 36965338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has provided relevant evidence regarding the neural correlates of language. The aim of the present study is to summarize and assess previous findings regarding linguistic levels (i.e., semantic and morpho-syntactic) and brain structures utilized during verb and sentence processing. To do that, we systematically reviewed TMS research on verb and sentence processing in healthy speakers, and meta-analyzed TMS-induced effects according to the region of stimulation and experimental manipulation. Findings from 45 articles show that approximately half of the reviewed work focuses on the embodiment of action verbs. The majority of studies (60%) target only one cortical region in relation to a specific linguistic process. Frontal areas are most frequently stimulated in connection to morphosyntactic processes and action verb semantics, and temporoparietal regions in relation to integration of sentential meaning and thematic role assignment. A meta-analysis of 72 effect sizes of the reviewed papers indicates that TMS has a small overall effect size, but effect sizes for anterior compared to posterior regions do not differ for semantic or morphosyntactic contrasts. Our findings stress the need to increase the number of targeted areas, while using the same linguistic contrasts in order to disentangle the contributions of different cortical regions to distinct linguistic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effrosyni Ntemou
- International Doctorate for Experimental Approaches to Language and Brain (IDEALAB), University of Groningen (NL), University of Potsdam (DE), Newcastle University (UK), Macquarie University (AU), the Netherlands; Centre for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cheyenne Svaldi
- International Doctorate for Experimental Approaches to Language and Brain (IDEALAB), University of Groningen (NL), University of Potsdam (DE), Newcastle University (UK), Macquarie University (AU), the Netherlands; Centre for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Jonkers
- Centre for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Picht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: "Matters of Activity. Image Space Material", Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrià Rofes
- Centre for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Giovannelli F, Borgheresi A, Lucidi G, Squitieri M, Gavazzi G, Suppa A, Berardelli A, Viggiano MP, Cincotta M. Language-related motor facilitation in Italian Sign Language signers. Cereb Cortex 2023:6988100. [PMID: 36646456 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Linguistic tasks facilitate corticospinal excitability as revealed by increased motor evoked potential (MEP) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the dominant hand. This modulation of the primary motor cortex (M1) excitability may reflect the relationship between speech and gestures. It is conceivable that in healthy individuals who use a sign language this cortical excitability modulation could be rearranged. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of spoken language tasks on M1 excitability in a group of hearing signers. Ten hearing Italian Sign Language (LIS) signers and 16 non-signer healthy controls participated. Single-pulse TMS was applied to either M1 hand area at the baseline and during different tasks: (i) reading aloud, (ii) silent reading, (iii) oral movements, (iv) syllabic phonation and (v) looking at meaningless non-letter strings. Overall, M1 excitability during the linguistic and non-linguistic tasks was higher in LIS group compared to the control group. In LIS group, MEPs were significantly larger during reading aloud, silent reading and non-verbal oral movements, regardless the hemisphere. These results suggest that in hearing signers there is a different modulation of the functional connectivity between the speech-related brain network and the motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Giovannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence 50135, Italy
| | - Alessandra Borgheresi
- Unit of Neurology of Florence, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence 50143, Italy
| | - Giulia Lucidi
- Unit of Neurology of Florence, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence 50143, Italy
| | - Martina Squitieri
- Unit of Neurology of Florence, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence 50143, Italy
| | - Gioele Gavazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence 50135, Italy
| | - Antonio Suppa
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Viggiano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence 50135, Italy
| | - Massimo Cincotta
- Unit of Neurology of Florence, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence 50143, Italy
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Qu X, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Xue Q, Li Z, Li L, Feng L, Hartwigsen G, Chen L. Neuromodulatory effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on language performance in healthy participants: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1027446. [PMID: 36545349 PMCID: PMC9760723 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1027446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The causal relationships between neural substrates and human language have been investigated by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). However, the robustness of TMS neuromodulatory effects is still largely unspecified. This study aims to systematically examine the efficacy of TMS on healthy participants' language performance. Methods For this meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar from database inception until October 15, 2022 for eligible TMS studies on language comprehension and production in healthy adults published in English. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Potential publication biases were assessed by funnel plots and the Egger Test. We conducted overall as well as moderator meta-analyses. Effect sizes were estimated using Hedges'g (g) and entered into a three-level random effects model. Results Thirty-seven studies (797 participants) with 77 effect sizes were included. The three-level random effects model revealed significant overall TMS effects on language performance in healthy participants (RT: g = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04-0.29; ACC: g = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.04-0.24). Further moderator analyses indicated that (a) for language tasks, TMS induced significant neuromodulatory effects on semantic and phonological tasks, but didn't show significance for syntactic tasks; (b) for cortical targets, TMS effects were not significant in left frontal, temporal or parietal regions, but were marginally significant in the inferior frontal gyrus in a finer-scale analysis; (c) for stimulation parameters, stimulation sites extracted from previous studies, rTMS, and intensities calibrated to the individual resting motor threshold are more prone to induce robust TMS effects. As for stimulation frequencies and timing, both high and low frequencies, online and offline stimulation elicited significant effects; (d) for experimental designs, studies adopting sham TMS or no TMS as the control condition and within-subject design obtained more significant effects. Discussion Overall, the results show that TMS may robustly modulate healthy adults' language performance and scrutinize the brain-and-language relation in a profound fashion. However, due to limited sample size and constraints in the current meta-analysis approach, analyses at a more comprehensive level were not conducted and results need to be confirmed by future studies. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=366481], identifier [CRD42022366481].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfang Qu
- Max Planck Partner Group, School of International Chinese Language Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zichao Wang
- Max Planck Partner Group, School of International Chinese Language Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Max Planck Partner Group, School of International Chinese Language Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwei Xue
- Max Planck Partner Group, School of International Chinese Language Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zimu Li
- Max Planck Partner Group, School of International Chinese Language Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Max Planck Partner Group, School of International Chinese Language Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Max Planck Partner Group, School of International Chinese Language Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luyao Chen
- Max Planck Partner Group, School of International Chinese Language Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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10
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Borowczyk M, Wojtysiak M, Chmielarz-Czarnocińska A, Braszka M, Danielewski P, Bryndal A, Michalak M, Huber J. Speech arrest by repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - does it still work? Old experiences with new improvements. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2022; 40:125-135. [PMID: 35964212 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-211237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) remains applicable in speech studies on healthy participants. Although the procedure of inducing speech arrest by rTMS has been used for over 25 years, there are still significant discrepancies in its methodology. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to simplify and improve the old methodology of triggering speech arrest by (rTMS). Our goal was to establish the best step-by-step algorithm and verify the procedure on a representative group of participants. METHODS 47 healthy, right-handed volunteers (23 men and 24 women) at a median age of 23 (range 19-34) were included in the study. Handedness was determined using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Test. After setting the individual's motor threshold (MT) and heuristic choice of the place of stimulation, which targeted Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG), participants were asked to count downwards from 20 to 10. While counting, a series of 2-second pulses was generated at a frequency of 2 Hz at 120% or 150% of MT. The procedure was video-recorded and subsequently assessed by 3 independent reviewers and self-assessed by participants on visual analogue scales for the effect and comfort of stimulation. RESULTS Speech arrest was induced in 45 people (95.7%). Language dominance was determined to be either left-sided (for 42.2%) or bilateral (55.3%). Total speech arrest was observed more often in participants for whom Broca's area was active exclusively in the left hemisphere. CONCLUSION In our study, we present the step-by-step procedure for a simplified, as far as possible, methodology of inducing speech arrest using rTMS with its verification on a representative group of right-handed healthy individuals. Our results prove that the chosen stimulation parameters present a good efficacy ratio and seems to be justified. The traditional applications of rTMS in speech studies may be highly broadened if the methods used are further improved and simplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Borowczyk
- Department of Medical Simulation, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,Department of Pathophysiology of Locomotor Organs, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wojtysiak
- Department of Pathophysiology of Locomotor Organs, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Chmielarz-Czarnocińska
- Department of Ophtalmology, Poznań, Poland.,Department of Pathophysiology of Locomotor Organs, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Danielewski
- Department of Pathophysiology of Locomotor Organs, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bryndal
- Department of Pathophysiology of Locomotor Organs, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,Department of Physiotherapy, Pomeranian University, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Juliusz Huber
- Department of Pathophysiology of Locomotor Organs, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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11
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Cid-Fernández S, Rivas-Fernández MÁ, Varela-López B, Galdo-Álvarez S. Combined anodal transcranial direct current stimulation and behavioural naming treatment improves language performance in patients with post-stroke aphasia. Brain Inj 2022; 36:1039-1045. [PMID: 35949195 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2109733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE During the last decade, studies using anodal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (atDCS) have yielded promising results in patients with aphasia. The main aim of the present pilot study was to assess the effects of combined atDCS over the left posterior perisylvian region and behavioral naming training on the behavioral outcomes of language comprehension and production of patients with post-stroke aphasia. RESEARCH DESIGN A 2 × 2 quasi-experimental design was conducted, optimal to compare changes after treatment in experimental versus control group. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Ten patients with post-stroke aphasia were enrolled in this study: half received atDCS on the left posterior perisylvian region while they underwent a 2-week behavioral naming training. The other half received sham stimulation. The outcomes were measured using the abbreviated form of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination and analyzed using ANOVAs. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Both groups improved their performance in Oral comprehension, Narrative writing and Language Competence Index, but only those that received anodal tDCS presented better results in the Naming category after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS AtDCS on the left posterior perisylvian area seems to be a promising tool for boosting the outcomes of behavioral naming therapy in patients with post-stroke aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cid-Fernández
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | | | - Benxamín Varela-López
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Santiago Galdo-Álvarez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
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12
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Rapid treatments for depression: Endocannabinoid system as a therapeutic target. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104635. [PMID: 35351488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current first-line treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), i.e., antidepressant drugs and psychotherapy, show delayed onset of therapeutic effect as late as 2-3 weeks or more. In the clinic, the speed of beginning of the actions of antidepressant drugs or other interventions is vital for many reasons. Late-onset means that depression, its related disability, and the potential danger of suicide remain a threat for some patients. There are some rapid-acting antidepressant interventions, such as sleep deprivation, ketamine, acute exercise, which induce a significant response, ranging from a few hours to maximally one week, and most of them share a common characteristic that is the activation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system. Activation of this system, i.e., augmentation of eCB signaling, appears to have anti-depressant-like actions. This article puts the idea forward that the activation of eCB signaling represents a critical mechanism of rapid-acting therapeutic interventions in MDD, and this system might contribute to the development of novel rapid-acting treatments for MDD.
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13
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Parchure S, Harvey DY, Shah-Basak PP, DeLoretta L, Wurzman R, Sacchetti D, Faseyitan O, Lohoff FW, Hamilton RH. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Polymorphism Predicts Response to Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation in Chronic Stroke Patients. Neuromodulation 2022; 25:569-577. [PMID: 35667772 PMCID: PMC8913155 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in clinically relevant neuroplasticity research depends on the degree to which stimulation induces robust, reliable effects. The high degree of interindividual and intraindividual variability observed in response to rTMS protocols, such as continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), therefore represents an obstacle to its utilization as treatment for neurological disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein involved in human synaptic and neural plasticity, and a common polymorphism in the BDNF gene (Val66Met) may influence the capacity for neuroplastic changes that underlie the effects of cTBS and other rTMS protocols. While evidence from healthy individuals suggests that Val66Met polymorphism carriers may show diminished or facilitative effects of rTMS compared to their homozygous Val66Val counterparts, this has yet to be demonstrated in the patient populations where neuromodulatory therapies are most relevant. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effects of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on cTBS aftereffects in stroke patients. We compared approximately 30 log-transformed motor-evoked potentials (LnMEPs) obtained per time point: at baseline and at 0, 10, 20, and 30 min after cTBS-600, from 18 patients with chronic stroke using single TMS pulses. We used linear mixed-effects regression with trial-level data nested by subject for higher statistical power. RESULTS We found a significant interaction between BDNF genotype and pre-/post-cTBS LnMEPs. Val66Val carriers showed decrease in cortical excitability, whereas Val66Met carriers exhibited a modest increase in cortical excitability for 20 min poststimulation, followed by inhibition 30 min after cTBS-600. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly suggest that BDNF genotype differentially affects neuroplastic responses to TMS in individuals with chronic stroke. This provides novel insight into potential sources of variability in cTBS response in patients, which has important implications for optimizing the utility of this neuromodulation approach. Incorporating BDNF polymorphism genetic screening to stratify patients prior to use of cTBS as a neuromodulatory technique in therapy or research may optimize response rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Parchure
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Denise Y Harvey
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priyanka P Shah-Basak
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI, USA
| | - Laura DeLoretta
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Wurzman
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniela Sacchetti
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olufunsho Faseyitan
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roy H Hamilton
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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14
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Kielar A, Patterson D, Chou YH. Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treating stroke aphasia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 140:196-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Gnedykh D, Tsvetova D, Mkrtychian N, Blagovechtchenski E, Kostromina S, Shtyrov Y. Broca’s area involvement in abstract and concrete word acquisition: tDCS evidence. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 192:107622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Turker S, Hartwigsen G. The use of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques to improve reading difficulties in dyslexia: A systematic review. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:1157-1173. [PMID: 34716977 PMCID: PMC8764483 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) allows to actively and noninvasively modulate brain function. Aside from inhibiting specific processes, NIBS may also enhance cognitive functions, which might be used for the prevention and intervention of learning disabilities such as dyslexia. However, despite the growing interest in modulating learning abilities, a comprehensive, up-to-date review synthesizing NIBS studies with dyslexics is missing. Here, we fill this gap and elucidate the potential of NIBS as treatment option in dyslexia. The findings of the 15 included studies suggest that repeated sessions of reading training combined with different NIBS protocols may induce long-lasting improvements of reading performance in child and adult dyslexics, opening promising avenues for future research. In particular, the "classical" reading areas seem to be most successfully modulated through NIBS, and facilitatory protocols can improve various reading-related subprocesses. Moreover, we emphasize the need to further explore the potential to modulate auditory cortex function as a preintervention and intervention approach for affected children, for example, to avoid the development of auditory and phonological difficulties at the core of dyslexia. Finally, we outline how future studies may increase our understanding of the neurobiological basis of NIBS-induced improvements in dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Turker
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and PlasticityMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Alexander von Humboldt FoundationBerlinGermany
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and PlasticityMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
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17
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Ferrari C, Ciricugno A, Urgesi C, Cattaneo Z. Cerebellar contribution to emotional body language perception: a TMS study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:81-90. [PMID: 31588511 PMCID: PMC8824541 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent evidence suggests that the cerebellum contributes to the processing of emotional facial expressions. However, it is not yet known whether the cerebellum is recruited when emotions are expressed by body postures or movements, or whether it is recruited differently for positive and negative emotions. In this study, we asked healthy participants to discriminate between body postures (with masked face) expressing emotions of opposite valence (happiness vs anger, Experiment 1), or of the same valence (negative: anger vs sadness; positive: happiness vs surprise, Experiment 2). While performing the task, participants received online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over a region of the posterior left cerebellum and over two control sites (early visual cortex and vertex). We found that TMS over the cerebellum affected participants' ability to discriminate emotional body postures, but only when one of the emotions was negatively valenced (i.e. anger). These findings suggest that the cerebellar region we stimulated is involved in processing the emotional content conveyed by body postures and gestures. Our findings complement prior evidence on the role of the cerebellum in emotional face processing and have important implications from a clinical perspective, where non-invasive cerebellar stimulation is a promising tool for the treatment of motor, cognitive and affective deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ferrari
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano–Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciricugno
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Cosimo Urgesi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco 23900, Italy
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano–Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
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18
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Sharma VK, Wong LK. Middle Cerebral Artery Disease. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Nuttall HE, Maegherman G, Devlin JT, Adank P. Speech motor facilitation is not affected by ageing but is modulated by task demands during speech perception. Neuropsychologia 2021; 166:108135. [PMID: 34958833 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Motor areas for speech production activate during speech perception. Such activation may assist speech perception in challenging listening conditions. It is not known how ageing affects the recruitment of articulatory motor cortex during active speech perception. This study aimed to determine the effect of ageing on recruitment of speech motor cortex during speech perception. Single-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) was applied to the lip area of left primary motor cortex (M1) to elicit lip Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs). The M1 hand area was tested as a control site. TMS was applied whilst participants perceived syllables presented with noise (-10, 0, +10 dB SNRs) and without noise (clear). Participants detected and counted syllables throughout MEP recording. Twenty younger adult subjects (aged 18-25) and twenty older adult subjects (aged 65-80) participated in this study. Results indicated a significant interaction between age and noise condition in the syllable task. Specifically, older adults significantly misidentified syllables in the 0 dB SNR condition, and missed the syllables in the -10 dB SNR condition, relative to the clear condition. There were no differences between conditions for younger adults. There was a significant main effect of noise level on lip MEPs. Lip MEPs were unexpectedly inhibited in the 0 dB SNR condition relative to clear condition. There was no interaction between age group and noise condition. There was no main effect of noise or age group on control hand MEPs. These data suggest that speech-induced facilitation in articulatory motor cortex is abolished when performing a challenging secondary task, irrespective of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Nuttall
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Fylde College, Fylde Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, UK.
| | - Gwijde Maegherman
- Department of Speech, Hearing and Phonetic Sciences, University College London, Chandler House, 2 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PF, UK
| | - Joseph T Devlin
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Patti Adank
- Department of Speech, Hearing and Phonetic Sciences, University College London, Chandler House, 2 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PF, UK
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20
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Brisson V, Tremblay P. Improving speech perception in noise in young and older adults using transcranial magnetic stimulation. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 222:105009. [PMID: 34425411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Normal aging is associated with speech perception in noise (SPiN) difficulties. The objective of this study was to determine if SPiN performance can be enhanced by intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) in young and older adults. METHOD We developed a sub-lexical SPiN test to evaluate the contribution of age, hearing, and cognition to SPiN performance in young and older adults. iTBS was applied to the left posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and the left ventral premotor cortex (PMv) to examine its impact on SPiN performance. RESULTS Aging was associated with reduced SPiN accuracy. TMS-induced performance gain was greater after stimulation of the PMv compared to the pSTS. Participants with lower scores in the baseline condition improved the most. DISCUSSION SPiN difficulties can be reduced by enhancing activity within the left speech-processing network in adults. This study paves the way for the development of TMS-based interventions to reduce SPiN difficulties in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Brisson
- Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
| | - Pascale Tremblay
- Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada.
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Hodgson VJ, Lambon Ralph MA, Jackson RL. Multiple dimensions underlying the functional organization of the language network. Neuroimage 2021; 241:118444. [PMID: 34343627 PMCID: PMC8456749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the different neural networks that support human language is an ongoing challenge for cognitive neuroscience. Which divisions are capable of distinguishing the functional significance of regions across the language network? A key separation between semantic cognition and phonological processing was highlighted in early meta-analyses, yet these seminal works did not formally test this proposition. Moreover, organization by domain is not the only possibility. Regions may be organized by the type of process performed, as in the separation between representation and control processes proposed within the Controlled Semantic Cognition framework. The importance of these factors was assessed in a series of activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses that investigated which regions of the language network are consistently recruited for semantic and phonological domains, and for representation and control processes. Whilst semantic and phonological processing consistently recruit many overlapping regions, they can be dissociated (by differential involvement of bilateral anterior temporal lobes, precentral gyrus and superior temporal gyri) only when using both formal analysis methods and sufficient data. Both semantic and phonological regions are further dissociable into control and representation regions, highlighting this as an additional, distinct dimension on which the language network is functionally organized. Furthermore, some of these control regions overlap with multiple-demand network regions critical for control beyond the language domain, suggesting the relative level of domain-specificity is also informative. Multiple, distinct dimensions are critical to understand the role of language regions. Here we present a proposal as to the core principles underpinning the functional organization of the language network.
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22
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Yu F, He R. The effect of fluoxetine combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the psychological emotions and cognitive and neurological functions of acute post-stroke depression patients. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:11883-11889. [PMID: 34786118 PMCID: PMC8581883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research was designed to probe into the effects of fluoxetine combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the psychological emotions and the cognitive and neurological functions of acute post-stroke depression patients. METHODS This experiment recruited 115 acute post-stroke depression patients who were treated in our hospital from February 2018 to April 2020 as the study cohort. 55 of the patients were treated with fluoxetine, and 60 were treated with fluoxetine combined with rTMS. Both groups were treated for 2 months. The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), the self-rating depression scale (SDS), the National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), the mini mental state scale (MMSE), the Barthel index, and the quality of life scale (SF-36) scores were observed. RESULTS Compared with the control group (CG), the SAS, SDS, and NIHSS scores in the research group (RG) decreased, while the MMSE and Barthel index scores increased (P < 0.05). After the treatment, the SF-36 scores in the RG were higher than they were in the CG (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Fluoxetine combined with rTMS can effectively improve the psychological emotions and the cognitive and neurological functions of acute post-stroke depression patients, so it is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Yu
- Department of Psychology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ru He
- Department of Psychology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
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23
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Singh A, Erwin-Grabner T, Goya-Maldonado R, Antal A. Transcranial Magnetic and Direct Current Stimulation in the Treatment of Depression: Basic Mechanisms and Challenges of Two Commonly Used Brain Stimulation Methods in Interventional Psychiatry. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 79:397-407. [PMID: 31487716 DOI: 10.1159/000502149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive neuromodulation, including repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and direct current stimulation (tDCS), provides researchers and health care professionals with the ability to gain unique insights into brain functions and treat several neurological and psychiatric conditions. Undeniably, the number of published research and clinical papers on this topic is increasing exponentially. In parallel, several methodological and scientific caveats have emerged in the transcranial stimulation field; these include less robust and reliable effects as well as contradictory clinical findings. These inconsistencies are maybe due to the fact that research exploring the relationship between the methodological aspects and clinical efficacy of rTMS and tDCS is far from conclusive. Hence, additional work is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the effects of magnetic stimulation and low-intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) in order to optimize dosing, methodological designs, and safety aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Singh
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry (SNIP-Lab), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tracy Erwin-Grabner
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry (SNIP-Lab), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roberto Goya-Maldonado
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry (SNIP-Lab), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, .,Institute for Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Otto-v.-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,
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Andò A, Vasilotta ML, Zennaro A. The modulation of emotional awareness using non-invasive brain stimulation techniques: a literature review on TMS and tDCS. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2021.1954013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Andò
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Harvey DY, DeLoretta L, Shah-Basak PP, Wurzman R, Sacchetti D, Ahmed A, Thiam A, Lohoff FW, Faseyitan O, Hamilton RH. Variability in cTBS Aftereffects Attributed to the Interaction of Stimulus Intensity With BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:585533. [PMID: 34220466 PMCID: PMC8249815 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.585533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate whether a common polymorphism (Val66Met) in the gene for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-a gene thought to influence plasticity-contributes to inter-individual variability in responses to continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), and explore whether variability in stimulation-induced plasticity among Val66Met carriers relates to differences in stimulation intensity (SI) used to probe plasticity. Methods: Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were collected from 33 healthy individuals (11 Val66Met) prior to cTBS (baseline) and in 10 min intervals immediately following cTBS for a total of 30 min post-cTBS (0 min post-cTBS, 10 min post-cTBS, 20 min post cTBS, and 30 min post-cTBS) of the left primary motor cortex. Analyses assessed changes in cortical excitability as a function of BDNF (Val66Val vs. Val66Met) and SI. Results: For both BDNF groups, MEP-suppression from baseline to post-cTBS time points decreased as a function of increasing SI. However, the effect of SI on MEPs was more pronounced for Val66Met vs. Val66Val carriers, whereby individuals probed with higher vs. lower SIs resulted in paradoxical cTBS aftereffects (MEP-facilitation), which persisted at least 30 min post-cTBS administration. Conclusions: cTBS aftereffects among BDNF Met allele carriers are more variable depending on the SI used to probe cortical excitability when compared to homozygous Val allele carriers, which could, to some extent, account for the inconsistency of previously reported cTBS effects. Significance: These data provide insight into the sources of cTBS response variability, which can inform how best to stratify and optimize its use in investigational and clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Y. Harvey
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Research Department, Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laura DeLoretta
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Rachel Wurzman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daniela Sacchetti
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ahmed Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Abdou Thiam
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Olufunsho Faseyitan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roy H. Hamilton
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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26
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Turker S, Hartwigsen G. Exploring the neurobiology of reading through non-invasive brain stimulation: A review. Cortex 2021; 141:497-521. [PMID: 34166905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has gained increasing popularity as a modulatory tool for drawing causal inferences and exploring task-specific network interactions. Yet, a comprehensive synthesis of reading-related NIBS studies is still missing. We fill this gap by synthesizing the results of 78 NIBS studies investigating the causal involvement of brain regions for reading processing, and then link these results to a neurobiological model of reading. The included studies provide evidence for a functional-anatomical double dissociation for phonology versus semantics during reading-related processes within left inferior frontal and parietal areas. Additionally, the posterior parietal cortex and the anterior temporal lobe are identified as critical regions for reading-related processes. Overall, the findings provide some evidence for a dual-stream neurobiological model of reading, in which a dorsal stream (left temporo-parietal and inferior frontal areas) processes unfamiliar words and pseudowords, and a ventral stream (left occipito-temporal and inferior frontal areas, with assistance from the angular gyrus and the anterior temporal lobe) processes known words. However, individual differences in reading abilities and strategies, as well as differences in stimulation parameters, may impact the neuromodulatory effects induced by NIBS. We emphasize the need to investigate task-specific network interactions in future studies by combining NIBS with neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Turker
- Lise Meitner Research Group 'Cognition and Plasticity', Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group 'Cognition and Plasticity', Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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El Ouardi L. The Moroccan Arabic verb and noun test for language mapping (MAVNT-LP) under nTMS and DES. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2021; 29:1413-1424. [PMID: 33689513 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1883020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To maximize tumor resection and minimize postoperative neurological sequelae, intraoperative Direct Electrical Stimulation (DES) coupled with preoperative Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (nTMS) is adopted as a more valid procedure when a tumor is located in or near language-positive cortical and subcortical brain areas/networks. To map language functions peri- and intraoperatively, naming tasks are usually administered given their sensitivity and practicality in mapping language networks and their association with positive postoperative outcomes. Linguistic protocols designed for stimulation under nTMS are relatively scarce, and non-existent in the Arabic language. The present study attempts to fill these gaps by presenting the processes of development, piloting, and standardization of the first (Moroccan) Arabic object and action naming protocol for use preoperatively under nTMS, and intraoperatively under DES. The MAVNT-LP was developed in accordance with both DES and nTMS time requirements and was balanced for relevant psycholinguistic as well as intrinsic factors. The test underwent piloting on a population of 10 Moroccan Arabic (MA)-speaking individuals and was validated on a population of 50 participants. The standardized version of the test consisted of 61 nouns and 61 verbs. The 122 items included in the test were named accurately by at least 80% of the participants and had a high naming agreement. Correlations between psycholinguistic factors and lexical retrieval are reported and discussed. The MAVNT-LP was found to be a valid instrument for use in a clinical setting either as a planning tool or as a protocol used to stimulate eloquent brain areas under awake brain surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna El Ouardi
- Applied Language and Culture Studies Lab, Chouaib Doukalli University, El Jadida, Morocco
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Varone G, Hussain Z, Sheikh Z, Howard A, Boulila W, Mahmud M, Howard N, Morabito FC, Hussain A. Real-Time Artifacts Reduction during TMS-EEG Co-Registration: A Comprehensive Review on Technologies and Procedures. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21020637. [PMID: 33477526 PMCID: PMC7831109 DOI: 10.3390/s21020637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) excites neurons in the cortex, and neural activity can be simultaneously recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). However, TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) do not only reflect transcranial neural stimulation as they can be contaminated by artifacts. Over the last two decades, significant developments in EEG amplifiers, TMS-compatible technology, customized hardware and open source software have enabled researchers to develop approaches which can substantially reduce TMS-induced artifacts. In TMS-EEG experiments, various physiological and external occurrences have been identified and attempts have been made to minimize or remove them using online techniques. Despite these advances, technological issues and methodological constraints prevent straightforward recordings of early TEPs components. To the best of our knowledge, there is no review on both TMS-EEG artifacts and EEG technologies in the literature to-date. Our survey aims to provide an overview of research studies in this field over the last 40 years. We review TMS-EEG artifacts, their sources and their waveforms and present the state-of-the-art in EEG technologies and front-end characteristics. We also propose a synchronization toolbox for TMS-EEG laboratories. We then review subject preparation frameworks and online artifacts reduction maneuvers for improving data acquisition and conclude by outlining open challenges and future research directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Varone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Greacia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Zain Hussain
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (Z.H.); (Z.S.)
- Howard Brain Sciences Foundation, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Zakariya Sheikh
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (Z.H.); (Z.S.)
| | - Adam Howard
- Howard Brain Sciences Foundation, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Wadii Boulila
- RIADI Laboratory, National School of Computer Sciences, University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia;
- IS Department, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mufti Mahmud
- Department of Computer Science and Medical Technology Innovation Facility, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Newton Howard
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | | | - Amir Hussain
- School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK;
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29
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Piai V, Nieberlein L, Hartwigsen G. Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left posterior superior temporal gyrus on picture-word interference. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242941. [PMID: 33253319 PMCID: PMC7703954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Word-production theories argue that during language production, a concept activates multiple lexical candidates in left temporal cortex, and the intended word is selected from this set. Evidence for theories on spoken-word production comes, for example, from the picture-word interference task, where participants name pictures superimposed by congruent (e.g., picture: rabbit, distractor "rabbit"), categorically related (e.g., distractor "sheep"), or unrelated (e.g., distractor "fork") words. Typically, whereas congruent distractors facilitate naming, related distractors slow down picture naming relative to unrelated distractors, resulting in semantic interference. However, the neural correlates of semantic interference are debated. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that the left mid-to-posterior STG (pSTG) is involved in the interference associated with semantically related distractors. To probe the functional relevance of this area, we targeted the left pSTG with focal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) while subjects performed a picture-word interference task. Unexpectedly, pSTG stimulation did not affect the semantic interference effect but selectively increased the congruency effect (i.e., faster naming with congruent distractors). The facilitatory TMS effect selectively occurred in the more difficult list with an overall lower name agreement. Our study adds new evidence to the causal role of the left pSTG in the interaction between picture and distractor representations or processing streams, only partly supporting previous neuroimaging studies. Moreover, the observed unexpected condition-specific facilitatory rTMS effect argues for an interaction of the task- or stimulus-induced brain state with the modulatory TMS effect. These issues should be systematically addressed in future rTMS studies on language production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Piai
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Nieberlein
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
The development of the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the study of psychological functions has entered a new phase of sophistication. This is largely due to an increasing physiological knowledge of its effects and to its being used in combination with other experimental techniques. This review presents the current state of our understanding of the mechanisms of TMS in the context of designing and interpreting psychological experiments. We discuss the major conceptual advances in behavioral studies using TMS. There are meaningful physiological and technical achievements to review, as well as a wealth of new perceptual and cognitive experiments. In doing so we summarize the different uses and challenges of TMS in mental chronometry, perception, awareness, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pitcher
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom;
| | - Beth Parkin
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, United Kingdom;
| | - Vincent Walsh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom;
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31
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Giampiccolo D, Howells H, Bährend I, Schneider H, Raffa G, Rosenstock T, Vergani F, Vajkoczy P, Picht T. Preoperative transcranial magnetic stimulation for picture naming is reliable in mapping segments of the arcuate fasciculus. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa158. [PMID: 33543136 PMCID: PMC7846168 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In preoperative planning for neurosurgery, both anatomical (diffusion imaging tractography) and functional tools (MR-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation) are increasingly used to identify and preserve eloquent language structures specific to individuals. Using these tools in healthy adults shows that speech production errors occur mainly in perisylvian cortical sites that correspond to subject-specific terminations of the major language pathway, the arcuate fasciculus. It is not clear whether this correspondence remains in oncological patients with altered tissue. We studied a heterogeneous cohort of 30 patients (fourteen male, mean age 44), undergoing a first or second surgery for a left hemisphere brain tumour in a language-eloquent region, to test whether speech production errors induced by preoperative transcranial magnetic stimulation had consistent anatomical correspondence to the arcuate fasciculus. We used navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation during picture naming and recorded different perisylvian sites where transient interference to speech production occurred. Spherical deconvolution diffusion imaging tractography was performed to map the direct fronto-temporal and indirect (fronto-parietal and parieto-temporal) segments of the arcuate fasciculus in each patient. Speech production errors were reported in all patients when stimulating the frontal lobe, and in over 90% of patients in the parietal lobe. Errors were less frequent in the temporal lobe (54%). In all patients, at least one error site corresponded to a termination of the arcuate fasciculus, particularly in the frontal and parietal lobes, despite distorted anatomy due to a lesion and/or previous resection. Our results indicate that there is strong correspondence between terminations of the arcuate fasciculus and speech errors. This indicates that white matter anatomy may be a robust marker for identifying functionally eloquent cortex, particularly in the frontal and parietal lobe. This knowledge may improve targets for preoperative mapping of language in the neurosurgical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Giampiccolo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Verona University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ina Bährend
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Schneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giovanni Raffa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Messina University Hospital, Italy
| | - Tizian Rosenstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Vergani
- Department of Neurosurgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Picht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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32
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Olulade OA, Seydell-Greenwald A, Chambers CE, Turkeltaub PE, Dromerick AW, Berl MM, Gaillard WD, Newport EL. The neural basis of language development: Changes in lateralization over age. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23477-23483. [PMID: 32900940 PMCID: PMC7519388 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905590117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have long known that language is lateralized to the left hemisphere (LH) in most neurologically healthy adults. In contrast, findings on lateralization of function during development are more complex. As in adults, anatomical, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging studies in infants and children indicate LH lateralization for language. However, in very young children, lesions to either hemisphere are equally likely to result in language deficits, suggesting that language is distributed symmetrically early in life. We address this apparent contradiction by examining patterns of functional MRI (fMRI) language activation in children (ages 4 through 13) and adults (ages 18 through 29). In contrast to previous studies, we focus not on lateralization per se but rather on patterns of left-hemisphere (LH) and right-hemisphere (RH) activation across individual participants over age. Our analyses show significant activation not only in the LH language network but also in their RH homologs in all of the youngest children (ages 4 through 6). The proportion of participants showing significant RH activation decreases over age, with over 60% of adults lacking any significant RH activation. A whole-brain correlation analysis revealed an age-related decrease in language activation only in the RH homolog of Broca's area. This correlation was independent of task difficulty. We conclude that, while language is left-lateralized throughout life, the RH contribution to language processing is also strong early in life and decreases through childhood. Importantly, this early RH language activation may represent a developmental mechanism for recovery following early LH injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumide A Olulade
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center and MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Anna Seydell-Greenwald
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center and MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Catherine E Chambers
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center and MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Peter E Turkeltaub
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center and MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Alexander W Dromerick
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center and MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Madison M Berl
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010
| | - William D Gaillard
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Elissa L Newport
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center and MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20057;
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Hurtado-Puerto AM, Nestor K, Eldaief M, Camprodon JA. Safety Considerations for Cerebellar Theta Burst Stimulation. Clin Ther 2020; 42:1169-1190.e1. [PMID: 32674957 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cerebellum is an intricate neural structure that orchestrates various cognitive and behavioral functions. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in neuromodulation of the cerebellum with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for therapeutic and basic science applications. Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is an efficient and powerful TMS protocol that is able to induce longer-lasting effects with shorter stimulation times compared with traditional TMS. Parameters for cerebellar TBS are traditionally framed in the bounds of TBS to the cerebral cortex, even when the 2 have distinct histologic, anatomical, and functional characteristics. Tolerability limits have not been systematically explored in the literature for this specific application. Therefore, we aimed to determine the stimulation parameters that have been used for cerebellar. TBS to date and evaluate adverse events and adverse effects related to stimulation parameters. METHODS We used PubMed to perform a critical review of the literature based on a systematic review of original research studies published between September 2008 and November 2019 that reported on cerebellar TBS. We recovered information from these publications and communication with authors about the stimulation parameters used and the occurrence of adverse events. FINDINGS We identified 61 research articles on interventions of TBS to the cerebellum. These articles described 3176 active sessions of cerebellar TBS in 1203 individuals, including healthy participants and patients with various neurologic conditions, including brain injuries. Some studies used substantial doses (eg, pulse intensity and number of pulses) in short periods. No serious adverse events were reported. The specific number of patients who experienced adverse events was established for 48 studies. The risk of an adverse event in this population (n = 885) was 4.1%. Adverse events consisted mostly of discomfort attributable to involuntary muscle contractions. Authors used a variety of methods for calculating stimulation dosages, ranging from the long-established reference of electromyography of a hand muscle to techniques that atone for some of the differences between cerebrum and cerebellum. IMPLICATIONS No serious adverse events have been reported for cerebellar TBS. There is no substantial evidence of a tolerable maximal-efficacy stimulation dose in humans. There is no assurance of equivalence in the translation of cortical excitability and stimulation intensities from the cerebral cortex to cerebellar regions. Further research for the stimulation dose in cerebellar TBS is warranted, along with consistent report of adverse events. © 2020 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura M Hurtado-Puerto
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Centro de Estudios Cerebrales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Kimberly Nestor
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mark Eldaief
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Israely S, Leisman G. Can neuromodulation techniques optimally exploit cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit properties to enhance motor learning post-stroke? Rev Neurosci 2020; 30:821-837. [PMID: 31194694 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Individuals post-stroke sustain motor deficits years after the stroke. Despite recent advancements in the applications of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques and Deep Brain Stimulation in humans, there is a lack of evidence supporting their use for rehabilitation after brain lesions. Non-invasive brain stimulation is already in use for treating motor deficits in individuals with Parkinson's disease and post-stroke. Deep Brain Stimulation has become an established treatment for individuals with movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, epilepsy, cerebral palsy and dystonia. It has also been utilized for the treatment of Tourette's syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and neuropsychiatric conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression and anorexia nervosa. There exists growing scientific knowledge from animal studies supporting the use of Deep Brain Stimulation to enhance motor recovery after brain damage. Nevertheless, these results are currently not applicable to humans. This review details the current literature supporting the use of these techniques to enhance motor recovery, both from human and animal studies, aiming to encourage development in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Israely
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC and ELSC, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Gerry Leisman
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Neurofisiología Clinica, Havana, Cuba
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Ciricugno A, Ferrari C, Rusconi ML, Cattaneo Z. The left posterior cerebellum is involved in orienting attention along the mental number line: An online-TMS study. Neuropsychologia 2020; 143:107497. [PMID: 32413432 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although converging evidence suggests that the posterior cerebellum is involved in visuospatial functions and in the orienting of attention, a clear topography of cerebellar regions causally involved in the control of spatial attention is still missing. In this study, we aimed to shed light on this issue by using online neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to temporarily interfere with posterior medial (Vermis lobule VII) and left lateral (Crus I/II) cerebellar activity during a task measuring visuospatial (landmark task, Experiment 1 and 2) and representational (number bisection task, Experiment 2) asymmetries in the orienting of attention. At baseline, participants showed attentional biases consistent with the literature, that is a leftward and upward bias with horizontal and vertical lines, respectively, and a leftward bias in number bisection. Critically, TMS over the left cerebellar hemisphere significantly counteracted pseudoneglect in the number bisection task, whilst not affecting attentional biases in the landmark task. In turn, TMS over the posterior vermis did not affect performance in either task. Taken together, our findings suggest that the left posterior cerebellar hemisphere (but not the posterior vermis) is a critical node of an extended brain network subtending the control of spatial attention, at least when attention needs to be allocated to an internal representational space and a certain degree of mental manipulation is required (as in the number bisection task).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Ferrari
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Rusconi
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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36
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Liu D, Dai G, Liu C, Guo Z, Xu Z, Jones JA, Liu P, Liu H. Top–Down Inhibitory Mechanisms Underlying Auditory–Motor Integration for Voice Control: Evidence by TMS. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4515-4527. [PMID: 32147719 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been implicated in auditory–motor integration for accurate control of vocal production, but its precise role in this feedback-based process remains largely unknown. To this end, the present event-related potential study applied a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol, continuous theta-burst stimulation (c-TBS), to disrupt cortical activity in the left DLPFC as young adults vocalized vowel sounds while hearing their voice unexpectedly shifted upwards in pitch. The results showed that, as compared to the sham condition, c-TBS over left DLPFC led to significantly larger vocal compensations for pitch perturbations that were accompanied by significantly smaller cortical P2 responses. Source localization analyses revealed that this brain activity pattern was the result of reduced activation in the left superior frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule (supramarginal gyrus). These findings demonstrate c-TBS-induced modulatory effects of DLPFC on the neurobehavioral processing of vocal pitch regulation, suggesting that disrupting prefrontal function may impair top–down inhibitory control mechanisms that prevent speech production from being excessively influenced by auditory feedback, resulting in enhanced vocal compensations for feedback perturbations. This is the first study that provides direct evidence for a causal role of the left DLPFC in auditory feedback control of vocal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guangyan Dai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Churong Liu
- Rehabilitation Training Center, Guangzhou 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Zhiqin Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jeffery A Jones
- Psychology Department and Laurier Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hanjun Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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37
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Yang X, Zhang K. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation brain mapping: Achievements, opportunities, and prospects. GLIOMA 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_13_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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38
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Stavisky SD, Willett FR, Wilson GH, Murphy BA, Rezaii P, Avansino DT, Memberg WD, Miller JP, Kirsch RF, Hochberg LR, Ajiboye AB, Druckmann S, Shenoy KV, Henderson JM. Neural ensemble dynamics in dorsal motor cortex during speech in people with paralysis. eLife 2019; 8:e46015. [PMID: 31820736 PMCID: PMC6954053 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Speaking is a sensorimotor behavior whose neural basis is difficult to study with single neuron resolution due to the scarcity of human intracortical measurements. We used electrode arrays to record from the motor cortex 'hand knob' in two people with tetraplegia, an area not previously implicated in speech. Neurons modulated during speaking and during non-speaking movements of the tongue, lips, and jaw. This challenges whether the conventional model of a 'motor homunculus' division by major body regions extends to the single-neuron scale. Spoken words and syllables could be decoded from single trials, demonstrating the potential of intracortical recordings for brain-computer interfaces to restore speech. Two neural population dynamics features previously reported for arm movements were also present during speaking: a component that was mostly invariant across initiating different words, followed by rotatory dynamics during speaking. This suggests that common neural dynamical motifs may underlie movement of arm and speech articulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey D Stavisky
- Department of NeurosurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Electrical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Francis R Willett
- Department of NeurosurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Electrical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Guy H Wilson
- Neurosciences ProgramStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Brian A Murphy
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- FES Center, Rehab R&D ServiceLouis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterClevelandUnited States
| | - Paymon Rezaii
- Department of NeurosurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | | | - William D Memberg
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- FES Center, Rehab R&D ServiceLouis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterClevelandUnited States
| | - Jonathan P Miller
- FES Center, Rehab R&D ServiceLouis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterClevelandUnited States
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandUnited States
| | - Robert F Kirsch
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- FES Center, Rehab R&D ServiceLouis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterClevelandUnited States
| | - Leigh R Hochberg
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Rehabilitation R&D ServiceProvidence VA Medical CenterProvidenceUnited States
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- School of Engineering and Robert J. & Nandy D. Carney Institute for Brain ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
| | - A Bolu Ajiboye
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- FES Center, Rehab R&D ServiceLouis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterClevelandUnited States
| | - Shaul Druckmann
- Department of NeurobiologyStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Krishna V Shenoy
- Department of Electrical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of NeurobiologyStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Bio-X ProgramStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Jaimie M Henderson
- Department of NeurosurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Bio-X ProgramStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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39
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After-effects of 10 Hz tACS over the prefrontal cortex on phonological word decisions. Brain Stimul 2019; 12:1464-1474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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40
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Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the motor system may have a facilitatory role in speech perception during noisy listening conditions. Studies clearly show an association between activity in auditory and motor speech systems, but also hint at a causal role for the motor system in noisy speech perception. However, in the most compelling "causal" studies performance was only measured at a single signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). If listening conditions must be noisy to invoke causal motor involvement, then effects will be contingent on the SNR at which they are tested. We used articulatory suppression to disrupt motor-speech areas while measuring phonemic identification across a range of SNRs. As controls, we also measured phoneme identification during passive listening, mandible gesturing, and foot-tapping conditions. Two-parameter (threshold, slope) psychometric functions were fit to the data in each condition. Our findings indicate: (1) no effect of experimental task on psychometric function slopes; (2) a small effect of articulatory suppression, in particular, on psychometric function thresholds. The size of the latter effect was 1 dB (~5% correct) on average, suggesting, at best, a minor modulatory role of the speech motor system in perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Stokes
- Department of Cognitive Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-5100, USA.
| | - Jonathan H Venezia
- Department of Cognitive Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-5100, USA
| | - Gregory Hickok
- Department of Cognitive Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-5100, USA
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41
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Sakreida K, Blume-Schnitzler J, Heim S, Willmes K, Clusmann H, Neuloh G. Phonological picture–word interference in language mapping with transcranial magnetic stimulation: an objective approach for functional parcellation of Broca’s region. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2027-2044. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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42
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Jung J, Lavrador JP, Patel S, Giamouriadis A, Lam J, Bhangoo R, Ashkan K, Vergani F. First United Kingdom Experience of Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Preoperative Mapping of Brain Tumors. World Neurosurg 2019; 122:e1578-e1587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Weiss Lucas C, Kallioniemi E, Neuschmelting V, Nettekoven C, Pieczewski J, Jonas K, Goldbrunner R, Karhu J, Grefkes C, Julkunen P. Cortical Inhibition of Face and Jaw Muscle Activity and Discomfort Induced by Repetitive and Paired-Pulse TMS During an Overt Object Naming Task. Brain Topogr 2019; 32:418-434. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-019-00698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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44
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Zhao L, Ren H, Gu S, Li X, Jiang C, Li J, Zhang M, Mu J, Li W, Wang W, Zhang Z, Song J. rTMS ameliorated depressive-like behaviors by restoring HPA axis balance and prohibiting hippocampal neuron apoptosis in a rat model of depression. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:126-133. [PMID: 30145293 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been widely used to treat depression. The mechanistic basis for the effects of rTMS is not well understood, although previous studies have suggested that it involves the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and protection of hippocampal neurons. We investigated this in the present study using a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) paradigm in Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were subjected to rTMS for 15 consecutive days, and body weight, sucrose consumption, and locomotor activity were evaluated. B cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry; cell morphology was examined by Nissl staining; and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (CORT) levels in the hippocampus were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CUMS decreased body weight and sucrose consumption in rats along with horizontal/vertical distance traveled in the open field test. Rats subjected to CUMS also showed increased levels of Bax as well as ACTH and CORT; the hippocampal neurons in these animals had abnormal morphology and were reduced in number. rTMS reversed these changes and improved depression-like behaviors. Thus, rTMS abrogates the loss of hippocampal neurons and restores the balance of the HPA axis in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 388 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Huicong Ren
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 388 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Shina Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, Henan 453100, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry(Xinxiang Medical University), 388 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Cuihong Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry(Xinxiang Medical University), 388 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Juan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 388 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 388 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Junlin Mu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 388 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China; Xinxiang Key Lab of Psychoeletrophysiology, 388 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 388 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry(Xinxiang Medical University), 388 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, Henan 453100, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 388 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China.
| | - Jinggui Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, Henan 453100, China.
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45
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Sollmann N, Fuss-Ruppenthal S, Zimmer C, Meyer B, Krieg SM. Investigating Stimulation Protocols for Language Mapping by Repetitive Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:197. [PMID: 30250427 PMCID: PMC6139335 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is increasingly applied to map human language functions. However, studies on protocol comparisons are mostly lacking. In this study, 20 healthy volunteers (25.7 ± 3.8 years, 12 females) underwent left-hemispheric language mapping by nTMS, combined with an object-naming task, over a cortical spot with reproducible naming errors within the triangular or opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus (trIFG, opIFG: anterior stimulation) and the angular gyrus or posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus (anG, pSTG: posterior stimulation), respectively. Various stimulation intensities [80, 100, and 120% of the resting motor threshold (rMT)], frequencies (2, 5, 10, and 20 Hz), and coil orientations (in steps of 45°) were evaluated, and the adjustments leading to the highest error rates (ERs), combined with low occurrences of errors due to muscle stimulation, were considered optimal. Regarding anterior stimulation, 100% rMT, 5 Hz, and a coil orientation of 90° or 270° in relation to the respective stimulated gyrus resulted in optimal results. For posterior stimulation, 100% rMT, 10 Hz, and coil orientations of 90° or 270° were considered optimal. Errors due to facial muscle stimulation only played a considerable role during analyses of high-intensity (120% rMT) or high-frequency stimulation (20 Hz). In conclusion, this is one of the first studies to systematically investigate different stimulation protocols for nTMS language mapping, including detailed analyses of the distribution of ERs in relation to various coil orientations considered during neuronavigated stimulation. Mapping with 100% rMT, combined with 5 Hz (anterior stimulation) or 10 Hz (posterior stimulation) and a coil orientation perpendicular to the respective stimulated gyrus can be recommended as optimal adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Sollmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Fuss-Ruppenthal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandro M Krieg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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46
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TMS over the superior temporal sulcus affects expressivity evaluation of portraits. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 18:1188-1197. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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47
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Etchell AC, Civier O, Ballard KJ, Sowman PF. A systematic literature review of neuroimaging research on developmental stuttering between 1995 and 2016. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2018; 55:6-45. [PMID: 28778745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stuttering is a disorder that affects millions of people all over the world. Over the past two decades, there has been a great deal of interest in investigating the neural basis of the disorder. This systematic literature review is intended to provide a comprehensive summary of the neuroimaging literature on developmental stuttering. It is a resource for researchers to quickly and easily identify relevant studies for their areas of interest and enable them to determine the most appropriate methodology to utilize in their work. The review also highlights gaps in the literature in terms of methodology and areas of research. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review on neuroimaging studies on developmental stuttering according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched for articles in the pubmed database containing "stuttering" OR "stammering" AND either "MRI", "PET", "EEG", "MEG", "TMS"or "brain" that were published between 1995/01/01 and 2016/01/01. RESULTS The search returned a total of 359 items with an additional 26 identified from a manual search. Of these, there were a total of 111 full text articles that met criteria for inclusion in the systematic literature review. We also discuss neuroimaging studies on developmental stuttering published throughout 2016. The discussion of the results is organized first by methodology and second by population (i.e., adults or children) and includes tables that contain all items returned by the search. CONCLUSIONS There are widespread abnormalities in the structural architecture and functional organization of the brains of adults and children who stutter. These are evident not only in speech tasks, but also non-speech tasks. Future research should make greater use of functional neuroimaging and noninvasive brain stimulation, and employ structural methodologies that have greater sensitivity. Newly planned studies should also investigate sex differences, focus on augmenting treatment, examine moments of dysfluency and longitudinally or cross-sectionally investigate developmental trajectories in stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Etchell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, MI, United States; Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Oren Civier
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kirrie J Ballard
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul F Sowman
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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48
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Ferrari C, Nadal M, Schiavi S, Vecchi T, Cela-Conde CJ, Cattaneo Z. The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex mediates the interaction between moral and aesthetic valuation: a TMS study on the beauty-is-good stereotype. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:707-717. [PMID: 28158864 PMCID: PMC5460046 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attractive individuals are perceived as possessing more positive personal traits than unattractive individuals. This reliance on aesthetic features to infer moral character suggests a close link between aesthetic and moral valuation. Here we aimed to investigate the neural underpinnings of the interaction between aesthetic and moral valuation by combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with a priming paradigm designed to assess the Beauty-is-Good stereotype. Participants evaluated the trustworthiness of a series of faces (targets), each of which was preceded by an adjective describing desirable, undesirable, or neutral aesthetic qualities (primes). TMS was applied between prime and target to interfere with activity in two regions known to be involved in aesthetic and moral valuation: the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC, a core region in social cognition) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC, critical in decision making). Our results showed that when TMS was applied over vertex (control) and over the dlPFC, participants judged faces as more trustworthy when preceded by positive than by negative aesthetic primes (as also shown in two behavioral experiments). However, when TMS was applied over the dmPFC, primes had no effect on trustworthiness judgments. A second Experiment corroborated this finding. Our results suggest that mPFC plays a causal role linking moral and aesthetic valuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ferrari
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcos Nadal
- Human Evolution and Cognition Group (EvoCog), University of the Balearic Islands and IFISC, Associated Unit to CSIC, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Susanna Schiavi
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Tomaso Vecchi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Camilo J Cela-Conde
- Human Evolution and Cognition Group (EvoCog), University of the Balearic Islands and IFISC, Associated Unit to CSIC, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
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49
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Only time will tell - why temporal information is essential for our neuroscientific understanding of semantics. Psychon Bull Rev 2017; 23:1072-9. [PMID: 27294424 PMCID: PMC4974259 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-015-0873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical developments about the nature of semantic representations and processes should be accompanied by a discussion of how these theories can be validated on the basis of empirical data. Here, I elaborate on the link between theory and empirical research, highlighting the need for temporal information in order to distinguish fundamental aspects of semantics. The generic point that fast cognitive processes demand fast measurement techniques has been made many times before, although arguably more often in the psychophysiological community than in the metabolic neuroimaging community. Many reviews on the neuroscience of semantics mostly or even exclusively focus on metabolic neuroimaging data. Following an analysis of semantics in terms of the representations and processes involved, I argue that fundamental theoretical debates about the neuroscience of semantics can only be concluded on the basis of data with sufficient temporal resolution. Any "semantic effect" may result from a conflation of long-term memory representations, retrieval and working memory processes, mental imagery, and episodic memory. This poses challenges for all neuroimaging modalities, but especially for those with low temporal resolution. It also throws doubt on the usefulness of contrasts between meaningful and meaningless stimuli, which may differ on a number of semantic and non-semantic dimensions. I will discuss the consequences of this analysis for research on the role of convergence zones or hubs and distributed modal brain networks, top-down modulation of task and context as well as interactivity between levels of the processing hierarchy, for example in the framework of predictive coding.
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50
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Wan N, Hancock AS, Moon TK, Gillam RB. A functional near-infrared spectroscopic investigation of speech production during reading. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:1428-1437. [PMID: 29266623 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to test the extent to which speaking processes related to articulation and voicing influence Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) measures of cortical hemodynamics and functional connectivity. Participants read passages in three conditions (oral reading, silent mouthing, and silent reading) while undergoing fNIRS imaging. Area under the curve (AUC) analyses of the oxygenated and deoxygenated hemodynamic response function concentration values were compared for each task across five regions of interest. There were significant region main effects for both oxy and deoxy AUC analyses, and a significant region × task interaction for deoxy AUC favoring the oral reading condition over the silent reading condition for two nonmotor regions. Assessment of functional connectivity using Granger Causality revealed stronger networks between motor areas during oral reading and stronger networks between language areas during silent reading. There was no evidence that the hemodynamic flow from motor areas during oral reading compromised measures of language-related neural activity in nonmotor areas. However, speech movements had small, but measurable effects on fNIRS measures of neural connections between motor and nonmotor brain areas across the perisylvian region, even after wavelet filtering. Therefore, researchers studying speech processes with fNIRS should use wavelet filtering during preprocessing to reduce speech motion artifacts, incorporate a nonspeech communication or language control task into the research design, and conduct a connectivity analysis to adequately assess the impact of functional speech on the hemodynamic response across the perisylvian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Wan
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84321
| | - Allison S Hancock
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education, Emma Eccles Jones Early Childhood Education and Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84321
| | - Todd K Moon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84321
| | - Ronald B Gillam
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education, Emma Eccles Jones Early Childhood Education and Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84321
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