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Zhang Y, Wang B, Feng X, Wang H, Gao J, Li X, Huo X, Yasin B, Bekker A, Hu H, Tao YX. RNA-binding protein SYNCRIP contributes to neuropathic pain through stabilising CCR2 expression in primary sensory neurones. Br J Anaesth 2024:S0007-0912(24)00466-5. [PMID: 39244479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve injury-induced changes in gene expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contribute to the genesis of neuropathic pain. SYNCRIP, an RNA-binding protein, is critical for the stabilisation of gene expression. Whether SYNCRIP participates in nerve injury-induced alterations in DRG gene expression and nociceptive hypersensitivity is unknown. METHODS The expression and distribution of SYNCRIP in mouse DRG after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the unilateral sciatic nerve were assessed. Effect of microinjection of Syncrip small interfering RNA into the ipsilateral L3 and L4 DRGs on the CCI-induced upregulation of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) and nociceptive hypersensitivity were examined. Additionally, effects of microinjection of adeno-associated virus 5 expressing full length Syncrip mRNA (AAV5-Syncrip) on basal DRG CCR2 expression and nociceptive thresholds were observed. RESULTS SYNCRIP is expressed predominantly in DRG neurones, where it co-exists with CCR2. Levels of Syncrip mRNA and SYNCRIP protein in injured DRG increased time-dependently on days 3-14 after CCI. Blocking this increase through microinjection of Syncrip small interfering RNA into injured DRG attenuated CCI-induced upregulation of DRG CCR2 and development and maintenance of nociceptive hypersensitivities. Mimicking this increase through DRG microinjection of AAV5-Syncrip elevated CCR2 expression in microinjected DRGs, enhanced the responses to mechanical, heat, and cold stimuli, and induced ongoing pain in naive mice. Mechanistically, SYNCRIP bound to 3-UTR of Ccr2 mRNA and stabilised its expression in DRG neurones. CONCLUSIONS SYNCRIP contributes to the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain likely through stabilising expression of CCR2 in injured DRG. SYNCRIP may be a potential target for treating this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaozhou Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Huixing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaodong Huo
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Bushra Yasin
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Huijuan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Pollard KJ, Traina-Dorge V, Medearis SM, Bosak A, Bix GJ, Moore MJ, Piedimonte G. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infects Peripheral and Spinal Nerves and Induces Chemokine-Mediated Neuropathy. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:467-479. [PMID: 38135285 PMCID: PMC11326824 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) primarily infects the respiratory epithelium, but growing evidence suggests that it may also be responsible for neurologic sequelae. In 3-dimensional microphysiologic peripheral nerve cultures, RSV infected neurons, macrophages, and dendritic cells along 2 distinct trajectories depending on the initial viral load. Low-level infection was transient, primarily involved macrophages, and induced moderate chemokine release with transient neural hypersensitivity. Infection with higher viral loads was persistent, infected neuronal cells in addition to monocytes, and induced robust chemokine release followed by progressive neurotoxicity. In spinal cord cultures, RSV infected microglia and dendritic cells but not neurons, producing a moderate chemokine expression pattern. The persistence of infection was variable but could be identified in dendritic cells as long as 30 days postinoculation. This study suggests that RSV can disrupt neuronal function directly through infection of peripheral neurons and indirectly through infection of resident monocytes and that inflammatory chemokines likely mediate both mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicki Traina-Dorge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington
| | - Stephen M Medearis
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Gregory J Bix
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University
| | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University
- Axosim, Inc, New Orleans, Louisiana
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3
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Mészár Z, Erdei V, Szücs P, Varga A. Epigenetic Regulation and Molecular Mechanisms of Burn Injury-Induced Nociception in the Spinal Cord of Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8510. [PMID: 39126078 PMCID: PMC11313498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), play a critical role in regulating pain perception and the pathophysiology of burn injury. However, the epigenetic regulation and molecular mechanisms underlying burn injury-induced pain remain insufficiently explored. Spinal dynorphinergic (Pdyn) neurons contribute to heat hyperalgesia induced by severe scalding-type burn injury through p-S10H3-dependent signaling. Beyond p-S10H3, burn injury may impact various other histone H3 PTMs. Double immunofluorescent staining and histone H3 protein analyses demonstrated significant hypermethylation at H3K4me1 and H3K4me3 sites and hyperphosphorylation at S10H3 within the spinal cord. By analyzing Pdyn neurons in the spinal dorsal horn, we found evidence of chromatin activation with a significant elevation in p-S10H3 immunoreactivity. We used RNA-seq analysis to compare the effects of burn injury and formalin-induced inflammatory pain on spinal cord transcriptomic profiles. We identified 98 DEGs for burn injury and 86 DEGs for formalin-induced inflammatory pain. A limited number of shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) suggest distinct central pain processing mechanisms between burn injury and formalin models. KEGG pathway analysis supported this divergence, with burn injury activating Wnt signaling. This study enhances our understanding of burn injury mechanisms and uncovers converging and diverging pathways in pain models with different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Mészár
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Virág Erdei
- Department of Radiology, Central Hospital of Northern Pest—Military Hospital, H-1134 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Szücs
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.M.); (P.S.)
- HUN-REN-DE Neuroscience Research Group, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Angelika Varga
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.M.); (P.S.)
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4
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Bober A, Piotrowska A, Pawlik K, Ciapała K, Maciuszek M, Makuch W, Mika J. A New Application for Cenicriviroc, a Dual CCR2/CCR5 Antagonist, in the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7410. [PMID: 39000516 PMCID: PMC11242565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The ligands of chemokine receptors 2 and 5 (CCR2 and CCR5, respectively) are associated with the pathomechanism of neuropathic pain development, but their role in painful diabetic neuropathy remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the function of these factors in the hypersensitivity accompanying diabetes. Additionally, we analyzed the analgesic effect of cenicriviroc (CVC), a dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist, and its influence on the effectiveness of morphine. An increasing number of experimental studies have shown that targeting more than one molecular target is advantageous compared with the coadministration of individual pharmacophores in terms of their analgesic effect. The advantage of using bifunctional compounds is that they gain simultaneous access to two receptors at the same dose, positively affecting their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and consequently leading to improved analgesia. Experiments were performed on male and female Swiss albino mice with a streptozotocin (STZ, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) model of diabetic neuropathy. We found that the blood glucose level increased, and the mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity developed on the 7th day after STZ administration. In male mice, we observed increased mRNA levels of Ccl2, Ccl5, and Ccl7, while in female mice, we observed additional increases in Ccl8 and Ccl12 levels. We have demonstrated for the first time that a single administration of cenicriviroc relieves pain to a similar extent in male and female mice. Moreover, repeated coadministration of cenicriviroc with morphine delays the development of opioid tolerance, while the best and longest-lasting analgesic effect is achieved by repeated administration of cenicriviroc alone, which reduces pain hypersensitivity in STZ-exposed mice, and unlike morphine, no tolerance to the analgesic effects of CVC is observed until Day 15 of treatment. Based on these results, we suggest that targeting CCR2 and CCR5 with CVC is a potent therapeutic option for novel pain treatments in diabetic neuropathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (A.B.); (K.P.); (K.C.); (M.M.); (W.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (A.B.); (K.P.); (K.C.); (M.M.); (W.M.)
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5
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Lee CC, Park KB, Kim MS, Jeon YD. CBP Expression Contributes to Neuropathic Pain via CREB and MeCP2 Regulation in the Spared Nerve Injury Rat Model. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:989. [PMID: 38929606 PMCID: PMC11205579 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between neuropathic pain and CREB-binding protein (CBP) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) expression levels in a rat model with spared nerve injury (SNI). Materials and Methods: Rat (male Sprague-Dawley white rats) models with surgical SNI (n = 6) were prepared, and naive rats (n = 5) were used as controls. The expression levels of CBP and MeCP2 in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were compared through immunohistochemistry at 7 and 14 days after surgery. The relationship between neuropathic pain and CBP/MeCP2 was also analyzed through intrathecal siRNA administration. Results: SNI induced a significant increase in the number of CBPs in L4 compared with contralateral DRG as well as with naive rats. The number of MeCP2 cells in the dorsal horn on the ipsilateral side decreased significantly compared with the contralateral dorsal horn and the control group. SNI induced a significant decrease in the number of MeCP2 neurons in the L4 ipsilateral DRG compared with the contralateral DRG and naive rats. The intrathecal injection of CBP siRNA significantly inhibited mechanical allodynia induced by SNI compared with non-targeting siRNA treatment. MeCP2 siRNA injection showed no significant effect on mechanical allodynia. Conclusions: The results suggest that CBP and MeCP2 may play an important role in the generation of neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Young Dae Jeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea; (C.-C.L.); (K.-B.P.); (M.S.K.)
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6
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Ciechanowska A, Mika J. CC Chemokine Family Members' Modulation as a Novel Approach for Treating Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System Injury-A Review of Clinical and Experimental Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3788. [PMID: 38612597 PMCID: PMC11011591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in modern medicine and pharmacology, damage to the nervous system with various etiologies still poses a challenge to doctors and scientists. Injuries lead to neuroimmunological changes in the central nervous system (CNS), which may result in both secondary damage and the development of tactile and thermal hypersensitivity. In our review, based on the analysis of many experimental and clinical studies, we indicate that the mechanisms occurring both at the level of the brain after direct damage and at the level of the spinal cord after peripheral nerve damage have a common immunological basis. This suggests that there are opportunities for similar pharmacological therapeutic interventions in the damage of various etiologies. Experimental data indicate that after CNS/PNS damage, the levels of 16 among the 28 CC-family chemokines, i.e., CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCL7, CCL8, CCL9, CCL11, CCL12, CCL17, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, and CCL22, increase in the brain and/or spinal cord and have strong proinflammatory and/or pronociceptive effects. According to the available literature data, further investigation is still needed for understanding the role of the remaining chemokines, especially six of them which were found in humans but not in mice/rats, i.e., CCL13, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16, CCL18, and CCL23. Over the past several years, the results of studies in which available pharmacological tools were used indicated that blocking individual receptors, e.g., CCR1 (J113863 and BX513), CCR2 (RS504393, CCX872, INCB3344, and AZ889), CCR3 (SB328437), CCR4 (C021 and AZD-2098), and CCR5 (maraviroc, AZD-5672, and TAK-220), has beneficial effects after damage to both the CNS and PNS. Recently, experimental data have proved that blockades exerted by double antagonists CCR1/3 (UCB 35625) and CCR2/5 (cenicriviroc) have very good anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. In addition, both single (J113863, RS504393, SB328437, C021, and maraviroc) and dual (cenicriviroc) chemokine receptor antagonists enhanced the analgesic effect of opioid drugs. This review will display the evidence that a multidirectional strategy based on the modulation of neuronal-glial-immune interactions can significantly improve the health of patients after CNS and PNS damage by changing the activity of chemokines belonging to the CC family. Moreover, in the case of pain, the combined administration of such antagonists with opioid drugs could reduce therapeutic doses and minimize the risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
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7
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Maurya SK, Rehman AU, Zaidi MAA, Khan P, Gautam SK, Santamaria-Barria JA, Siddiqui JA, Batra SK, Nasser MW. Epigenetic alterations fuel brain metastasis via regulating inflammatory cascade. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:261-274. [PMID: 36379848 PMCID: PMC10198579 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BrM) is a major threat to the survival of melanoma, breast, and lung cancer patients. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and sustain in the brain microenvironment. Genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications have been found to be critical in controlling key aspects of cancer metastasis. Metastasizing cells confront inflammation and gradually adapt in the unique brain microenvironment. Currently, it is one of the major areas that has gained momentum. Researchers are interested in the factors that modulate neuroinflammation during BrM. We review here various epigenetic factors and mechanisms modulating neuroinflammation and how this helps CTCs to adapt and survive in the brain microenvironment. Since epigenetic changes could be modulated by targeting enzymes such as histone/DNA methyltransferase, deacetylases, acetyltransferases, and demethylases, we also summarize our current understanding of potential drugs targeting various aspects of epigenetic regulation in BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Mohd Ali Abbas Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | | | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA.
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8
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Pethő G, Kántás B, Horváth Á, Pintér E. The Epigenetics of Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Update. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17143. [PMID: 38138971 PMCID: PMC10743356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics deals with alterations to the gene expression that occur without change in the nucleotide sequence in the DNA. Various covalent modifications of the DNA and/or the surrounding histone proteins have been revealed, including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and methylation, which can either stimulate or inhibit protein expression at the transcriptional level. In the past decade, an exponentially increasing amount of data has been published on the association between epigenetic changes and the pathomechanism of pain, including its most challenging form, neuropathic pain. Epigenetic regulation of the chromatin by writer, reader, and eraser proteins has been revealed for diverse protein targets involved in the pathomechanism of neuropathic pain. They include receptors, ion channels, transporters, enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, inflammasome proteins, etc. Most work has been invested in clarifying the epigenetic downregulation of mu opioid receptors and various K+ channels, two types of structures mediating neuronal inhibition. Conversely, epigenetic upregulation has been revealed for glutamate receptors, growth factors, and lymphokines involved in neuronal excitation. All these data cannot only help better understand the development of neuropathic pain but outline epigenetic writers, readers, and erasers whose pharmacological inhibition may represent a novel option in the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Pethő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.K.); (E.P.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus Str. 2., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Boglárka Kántás
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.K.); (E.P.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pécs, Édesanyák Str. 17., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ádám Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus Str. 2., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.K.); (E.P.)
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9
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Wen B, Pan Y, Cheng J, Xu L, Xu J. The Role of Neuroinflammation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. J Pain Res 2023; 16:3061-3073. [PMID: 37701560 PMCID: PMC10493102 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s423733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is an excess and/or prolonged pain and inflammation condition that follows an injury to a limb. The pathogenesis of CRPS is multifaceted that remains incompletely understood. Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Dysregulated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation and maintenance of pain and nociceptive neuronal sensitization, which may contribute to the transition from acute to chronic pain and the perpetuation of chronic pain in CRPS. The key features of neuroinflammation encompass infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells and the production of inflammatory mediators in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. This article reviews the role of neuroinflammation in the onset and progression of CRPS from six perspectives: neurogenic inflammation, neuropeptides, glial cells, immune cells, cytokines, and keratinocytes. The objective is to provide insights that can inform future research and development of therapeutic targets for CRPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinbing Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Cheng
- Department of Pain Management, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jijun Xu
- Department of Pain Management, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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10
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Maruyama M, Sakai A, Fukunaga T, Miyagawa Y, Okada T, Hamada M, Suzuki H. Neat1 lncRNA organizes the inflammatory gene expressions in the dorsal root ganglion in neuropathic pain caused by nerve injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185322. [PMID: 37614230 PMCID: PMC10442554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sensory neurons regulate inflammatory processes in innervated regions through neuro-immune communication. However, how their immune-modulating functions are regulated in concert remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Neat1 long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) organizes the proinflammatory gene expressions in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in chronic intractable neuropathic pain in rats. Neat1 was abundantly expressed in the DRG and was upregulated after peripheral nerve injury. Neat1 overexpression in primary sensory neurons caused mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, whereas its knockdown alleviated neuropathic pain. Bioinformatics analysis of comprehensive transcriptome changes indicated the inflammatory response was the most relevant function of genes upregulated through Neat1. Consistent with this, upregulation of proinflammatory genes in the DRG following nerve injury was suppressed by Neat1 knockdown. Expression changes of these proinflammatory genes were regulated through Neat1-mRNA interaction-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Notably, Neat1 increased proinflammatory genes by stabilizing its interacting mRNAs in neuropathic pain. Finally, Neat1 in primary sensory neurons contributed to spinal inflammatory processes that mediated peripheral neuropathic pain. These findings demonstrate that Neat1 lncRNA is a key regulator of neuro-immune communication in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyo Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Fukunaga
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Department of Computer Science, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Miyagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Michiaki Hamada
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- AIST-Waseda University Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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11
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Pawlik K, Mika J. Targeting Members of the Chemokine Family as a Novel Approach to Treating Neuropathic Pain. Molecules 2023; 28:5766. [PMID: 37570736 PMCID: PMC10421203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Numerous studies indicate that this type of pain is a chronic condition with a complex mechanism that tends to worsen over time, leading to a significant deterioration in patients' quality of life and issues like depression, disability, and disturbed sleep. Presently used analgesics are not effective enough in neuropathy treatment and may cause many side effects due to the high doses needed. In recent years, many researchers have pointed to the important role of chemokines not only in the development and maintenance of neuropathy but also in the effectiveness of analgesic drugs. Currently, approximately 50 chemokines are known to act through 20 different seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors located on the surface of neuronal, glial, and immune cells. Data from recent years clearly indicate that more chemokines than initially thought (CCL1/2/3/5/7/8/9/11, CXCL3/9/10/12/13/14/17; XCL1, CX3CL1) have pronociceptive properties; therefore, blocking their action by using neutralizing antibodies, inhibiting their synthesis, or blocking their receptors brings neuropathic pain relief. Several of them (CCL1/2/3/7/9/XCL1) have been shown to be able to reduce opioid drug effectiveness in neuropathy, and neutralizing antibodies against them can restore morphine and/or buprenorphine analgesia. The latest research provides irrefutable evidence that chemokine receptors are promising targets for pharmacotherapy; chemokine receptor antagonists can relieve pain of different etiologies, and most of them are able to enhance opioid analgesia, for example, the blockade of CCR1 (J113863), CCR2 (RS504393), CCR3 (SB328437), CCR4 (C021), CCR5 (maraviroc/AZD5672/TAK-220), CXCR2 (NVPCXCR220/SB225002), CXCR3 (NBI-74330/AMG487), CXCR4 (AMD3100/AMD3465), and XCR1 (vMIP-II). Recent research has shown that multitarget antagonists of chemokine receptors, such as CCR2/5 (cenicriviroc), CXCR1/2 (reparixin), and CCR2/CCR5/CCR8 (RAP-103), are also very effective painkillers. A multidirectional strategy based on the modulation of neuronal-glial-immune interactions by changing the activity of the chemokine family can significantly improve the quality of life of patients suffering from neuropathic pain. However, members of the chemokine family are still underestimated pharmacological targets for pain treatment. In this article, we review the literature and provide new insights into the role of chemokines and their receptors in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Cracow, Poland;
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12
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Park J, Lee C, Kim YT. Effects of Natural Product-Derived Compounds on Inflammatory Pain via Regulation of Microglial Activation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:941. [PMID: 37513853 PMCID: PMC10386117 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory pain is a type of pain caused by tissue damage associated with inflammation and is characterized by hypersensitivity to pain and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. Neuroinflammation is significantly increased by various neurotransmitters and cytokines that are expressed in activated primary afferent neurons, and it plays a pivotal role in the development of inflammatory pain. The activation of microglia and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are the hallmark features of neuroinflammation. During the development of neuroinflammation, various intracellular signaling pathways are activated or inhibited in microglia, leading to the regulation of inflammatory proteins and cytokines. Numerous attempts have been conducted to alleviate inflammatory pain by inhibiting microglial activation. Natural products and their compounds have gained attention as potential candidates for suppressing inflammatory pain due to verified safety through centuries of use. Many studies have also shown that natural product-derived compounds have the potential to suppress microglial activation and alleviate inflammatory pain. Herein, we review the literature on inflammatory mediators and intracellular signaling involved in microglial activation in inflammatory pain, as well as natural product-derived compounds that have been found to suppress microglial activation. This review suggests that natural product-derived compounds have the potential to alleviate inflammatory pain through the suppression of microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Park
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Changho Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Wedel S, Hahnefeld L, Schreiber Y, Namendorf C, Heymann T, Uhr M, Schmidt MV, de Bruin N, Hausch F, Thomas D, Geisslinger G, Sisignano M. SAFit2 ameliorates paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by reducing spinal gliosis and elevating pro-resolving lipid mediators. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:149. [PMID: 37355700 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CIPN) describes a pathological pain state that occurs dose-dependently as a side effect and can limit or even impede an effective cancer therapy. Unfortunately, current treatment possibilities for CIPN are remarkably confined and mostly inadequate as CIPN therapeutics themselves consist of low effectiveness and may induce severe side effects, pointing out CIPN as pathological entity with an emerging need for novel treatment targets. Here, we investigated whether the novel and highly specific FKBP51 inhibitor SAFit2 reduces paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. METHODS In this study, we used a well-established multiple low-dose paclitaxel model to investigate analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of SAFit2. For this purpose, the behavior of the mice was recorded over 14 days and the mouse tissue was then analyzed using biochemical methods. RESULTS Here, we show that SAFit2 is capable to reduce paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in mice. In addition, we detected that SAFit2 shifts lipid levels in nervous tissue toward an anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid profile that counteracts peripheral sensitization after paclitaxel treatment. Furthermore, SAFit2 reduced the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the spinal cord as well as the levels of pain-mediating chemokines. Its treatment also increased anti-inflammatory cytokines levels in neuronal tissues, ultimately leading to a resolution of neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, SAFit2 shows antihyperalgesic properties as it ameliorates paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by reducing peripheral sensitization and resolving neuroinflammation. Therefore, we consider SAFit2 as a potential novel drug candidate for the treatment of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Wedel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lisa Hahnefeld
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Namendorf
- Core Unit Analytics and Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Heymann
- Department of Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Manfred Uhr
- Core Unit Analytics and Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Core Unit Analytics and Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Natasja de Bruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department of Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Tanaka K, Kondo T, Narita M, Muta T, Yoshida S, Sato D, Suda Y, Hamada Y, Tezuka H, Kuzumaki N, Narita M. Repeated activation of Trpv1-positive sensory neurons facilitates tumor growth associated with changes in tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 648:36-43. [PMID: 36724558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is considered that sensory neurons extend into the tumor microenvironment (TME), which could be associated with tumor growth. However, little is known about how sensory signaling could promote tumor progression. In this study, chemogenetic activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (Trpv1)-positive sensory neurons (C-fibers) by the microinjection of AAV-hSyn-FLEX-hM3Dq-mCherry into the sciatic nerve dramatically increased tumor volume in tumor-bearing Trpv1-Cre mice. This activation in Trpv1::hM3Dq mice that had undergone tumor transplantation significantly reduced the population of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells and increased the mRNA level of the M2-macrophage marker, CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1 (Cx3cr1) in immunosuppressive cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-infiltrating monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs). Under these conditions, we found a significant correlation between the decreased expression of the M1-macrophage marker Tnf and tumor volume. These findings suggest that repeated activation of Trpv1-positive sensory neurons may facilitate tumor growth along with changes in tumor-infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan; Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takashige Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Michiko Narita
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takeru Muta
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Sara Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan; Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yukari Suda
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan; Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan; Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tezuka
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Naoko Kuzumaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan; Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan; Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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Liu S, Lan XB, Tian MM, Zhu CH, Ma L, Yang JM, Du J, Zheng P, Yu JQ, Liu N. Targeting the chemokine ligand 2-chemokine receptor 2 axis provides the possibility of immunotherapy in chronic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175646. [PMID: 36907261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain affects patients' physical and psychological health and quality of life, entailing a tremendous public health challenge. Currently, drugs for chronic pain are usually associated with a large number of side effects and poor efficacy. Chemokines in the neuroimmune interface combine with their receptors to regulate inflammation or mediate neuroinflammation in the peripheral and central nervous system. Targeting chemokines and their receptor-mediated neuroinflammation is an effective means to treat chronic pain. In recent years, growing evidence has shown that the expression of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and its main chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is involved in its occurrence, development and maintenance of chronic pain. This paper summarises the relationship between the chemokine system, CCL2/CCR2 axis, and chronic pain, and the CCL2/CCR2 axis changes under different chronic pain conditions. Targeting chemokine CCL2 and its chemokine receptor CCR2 through siRNA, blocking antibodies, or small molecule antagonists may provide new therapeutic possibilities for managing chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Miao-Miao Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Chun-Hao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jia-Mei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Special Traditional Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Special Traditional Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Tanaka K, Kondo T, Narita M, Muta T, Yoshida S, Sato D, Suda Y, Hamada Y, Shimizu T, Kuzumaki N, Narita M. Cancer aggravation due to persistent pain signals with the increased expression of pain-related mediators in sensory neurons of tumor-bearing mice. Mol Brain 2023; 16:19. [PMID: 36737827 PMCID: PMC9896755 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that intractable pain reduces both the quality of life and survival in cancer patients. In the present study, we evaluated whether chronic pain stimuli could directly affect cancer pathology using tumor-bearing mice. For this purpose, we used two different models of chronic pain in mice, neuropathic pain and persistent postsurgical pain, with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) as tumor cells. We found that tumor growth was dramatically promoted in these pain models. As well as these pain models, tumor growth of LLC, severe osteosarcoma (AXT) and B16 melanoma cells was significantly promoted by concomitant activation of sensory neurons in AAV6-hM3Dq-injected mice treated with the designer drug clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Significant increases in mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (Vegfa), tachykinin precursor 1 (Tac1) and calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha (Calca) in the ipsilateral side of dorsal root ganglion of AAV6-hM3Dq-injected mice were observed by concomitant activation of sensory neurons due to CNO administration. Moreover, in a model of bone cancer pain in which mice were implanted with AXT cells into the right femoral bone marrow cavity, the survival period was significantly prolonged by repeated inhibition of sensory neurons of AAV6-hM4Di-injected mice by CNO administration. These findings suggest that persistent pain signals may promote tumor growth by the increased expression of sensory-located peptides and growth factors, and controlling cancer pain may prolong cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tanaka
- grid.412239.f0000 0004 1770 141XPresent Address: Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan ,grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
| | - Takashige Kondo
- grid.412239.f0000 0004 1770 141XPresent Address: Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan
| | - Michiko Narita
- grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
| | - Takeru Muta
- grid.412239.f0000 0004 1770 141XPresent Address: Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan
| | - Sara Yoshida
- grid.412239.f0000 0004 1770 141XPresent Address: Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan ,grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- grid.412239.f0000 0004 1770 141XPresent Address: Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan
| | - Yukari Suda
- grid.412239.f0000 0004 1770 141XPresent Address: Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan ,grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
| | - Yusuke Hamada
- grid.412239.f0000 0004 1770 141XPresent Address: Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan ,grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
| | - Takatsune Shimizu
- grid.412239.f0000 0004 1770 141XDepartment of Pathophysiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan
| | - Naoko Kuzumaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan. .,Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan. .,Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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Jiang W, Zhang LX, Tan XY, Yu P, Dong M. Inflammation and histone modification in chronic pain. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1087648. [PMID: 36713369 PMCID: PMC9880030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1087648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms have great potential in the field of pain. The changes and roles of epigenetics of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia in the chronic pain process may provide broad insights for future pain management. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines released by microglia and astrocytes, as well as blood-derived macrophages, play critical roles in inducing and maintaining chronic pain, while histone modifications may play an important role in inflammatory metabolism. This review provides an overview of neuroinflammation and chronic pain, and we systematically discuss the regulation of neuroinflammation and histone modifications in the context of chronic pain. Specifically, we analyzed the role of epigenetics in alleviating or exacerbating chronic pain by modulating microglia, astrocytes, and the proinflammatory mediators they release. This review aimed to contribute to the discovery of new therapeutic targets for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Xi Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuan-Yu Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Peng Yu, ; Ming Dong,
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Peng Yu, ; Ming Dong,
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Zeng J, Lai C, Luo J, Li L. Functional investigation and two-sample Mendelian randomization study of neuropathic pain hub genes obtained by WGCNA analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1134330. [PMID: 37123369 PMCID: PMC10140399 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1134330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Neuropathic pain as a complex chronic disease that occurs after neurological injury, however the underlying mechanisms are not clarified in detail, hence therapeutic options are limited. The purpose of this study was to explore potential hub genes for neuropathic pain and evaluate the clinical application of these genes in predicting neuropathic pain. Methods Differentially expressed analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to explore new neuropathic pain susceptibility modules and hub genes. KEGG and GO analyses was utilized to explore the potential role of these hub genes. Nomogram model and ROC curves was established to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of hub genes. Additionally, the correlation of IL-2 with immune infiltration was explored. Finally, a Mendelian randomization study was conducted to determine the causal effect of IL-2 on neuropathic pain based on genome-wide association studies. Results WGCNA was performed to establish the networks of gene co-expression, screen for the most relevant module, and screen for 440 overlapping WGCNA-derived key genes. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses demonstrated that the key genes were correlated with cytokine receptor binding, chemokine receptor binding, positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade, chemokine-mediated signaling pathway, PI3K-AKT pathway and chemokine pathway. Through Cytoscape software, top ten up-regulated genes with high scores were IL2, SMELL, CCL4, CCR3, CXCL1, CCR1, HGF, CXCL2, GATA3, and CRP. In addition, nomogram model performed well in predicting neuropathic pain risk, and with the ROC curve, the model was showed to be effective in diagnosis. Finally, IL2 was selected and we observed that IL2 was causally associated with immune cell infiltrates in trigeminal neuralgia. In inverse variance weighting, we found that IL2 was associated with the risk of trigeminal neuralgia with an OR of 1.203 (95% CI = 1.004-1.443, p = 0.045). Conclusion We constructed a WGCNA-based co-expression network and identified neuropathic pain-related hub genes, which may offer further insight into pre-symptomatic diagnostic approaches and may be useful for the study of molecular mechanisms for understanding neuropathic pain risk genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Lai
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Jianwei Luo,
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li,
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Zhu LP, Xu ML, Yuan BT, Ma LJ, Gao YJ. Chemokine CCL7 mediates trigeminal neuropathic pain via CCR2/CCR3-ERK pathway in the trigeminal ganglion of mice. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231169373. [PMID: 36998150 PMCID: PMC10413901 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231169373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. The chemokine CC motif ligand 7 (CCL7) and its receptor CCR2 have been reported to contribute to neuropathic pain via astrocyte-microglial interaction in the spinal cord. Whether CCL7 in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) involves in trigeminal neuropathic pain and the involved mechanism remain largely unknown. METHODS The partial infraorbital nerve transection (pIONT) was used to induce trigeminal neuropathic pain in mice. The expression of Ccl7, Ccr1, Ccr2, and Ccr3 was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The distribution of CCL7, CCR2, and CCR3 was detected by immunofluorescence double-staining. The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was examined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The effect of CCL7 on neuronal excitability was tested by whole-cell patch clamp recording. The effect of selective antagonists for CCR1, CCR2, and CCR3 on pain hypersensitivity was checked by behavioral testing. RESULTS Ccl7 was persistently increased in neurons of TG after pIONT, and specific inhibition of CCL7 in the TG effectively relieved pIONT-induced orofacial mechanical allodynia. Intra-TG injection of recombinant CCL7 induced mechanical allodynia and increased the phosphorylation of ERK in the TG. Incubation of CCL7 with TG neurons also dose-dependently enhanced the neuronal excitability. Furthermore, pIONT increased the expression of CCL7 receptors Ccr1, Ccr2, and Ccr3. The intra-TG injection of the specific antagonist of CCR2 or CCR3 but not of CCR1 alleviated pIONT-induced orofacial mechanical allodynia and reduced ERK activation. Immunostaining showed that CCR2 and CCR3 are expressed in TG neurons, and CCL7-induced hyperexcitability of TG neurons was decreased by antagonists of CCR2 or CCR3. CONCLUSION CCL7 activates ERK in TG neurons via CCR2 and CCR3 to enhance neuronal excitability, which contributes to the maintenance of trigeminal neuropathic pain. CCL7-CCR2/CCR3-ERK pathway may be potential targets for treating trigeminal neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bao-Tong Yuan
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ling-Jie Ma
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Pharmacological Evidence of the Important Roles of CCR1 and CCR3 and Their Endogenous Ligands CCL2/7/8 in Hypersensitivity Based on a Murine Model of Neuropathic Pain. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010098. [PMID: 36611891 PMCID: PMC9818689 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain treatment remains a challenging issue because the therapies currently used in the clinic are not sufficiently effective. Moreover, the mechanism of neuropathy is still not entirely understood; however, much evidence indicates that chemokines are important factors in the initial and late phases of neuropathic pain. To date, the roles of CCR1, CCR3 and their endogenous ligands have not been extensively studied; therefore, they have become the subject of our research. In the present comprehensive behavioral and biochemical study, we detected significant time-dependent and long-lasting increases in the mRNA levels of CCR1 and/or CCR3 ligands, such as CCL2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9, in the murine spinal cord after chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve, and these increases were accompanied by changes in the levels of microglial/macrophage, astrocyte and neutrophil cell markers. ELISA results suggested that endogenous ligands of CCR1 and CCR3 are involved in the development (CCL2/3/5/7/8/9) and persistence (CCL2/7/8) of neuropathic pain. Moreover, intrathecal injection of CCL2/3/5/7/8/9 confirmed their possible strong influence on mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity development. Importantly, inhibition of CCL2/7/8 production and CCR1 and CCR3 blockade by selective/dual antagonists effectively reduced neuropathic pain-like behavior. The obtained data suggest that CCL2/7/8/CCR1 and CCL7/8/CCR3 signaling are important in the modulation of neuropathic pain in mice and that these chemokines and their receptors may be interesting targets for future investigations.
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Chen YL, Feng XL, Cheung CW, Liu JA. Mode of action of astrocytes in pain: From the spinal cord to the brain. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 219:102365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Cheng T, Xu Z, Ma X. The role of astrocytes in neuropathic pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1007889. [PMID: 36204142 PMCID: PMC9530148 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1007889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, whose symptoms are characterized by spontaneous and irritation-induced painful sensations, is a condition that poses a global burden. Numerous neurotransmitters and other chemicals play a role in the emergence and maintenance of neuropathic pain, which is strongly correlated with common clinical challenges, such as chronic pain and depression. However, the mechanism underlying its occurrence and development has not yet been fully elucidated, thus rendering the use of traditional painkillers, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and opioids, relatively ineffective in its treatment. Astrocytes, which are abundant and occupy the largest volume in the central nervous system, contribute to physiological and pathological situations. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have claimed that astrocytes contribute indispensably to the occurrence and progression of neuropathic pain. The activation of reactive astrocytes involves a variety of signal transduction mechanisms and molecules. Signal molecules in cells, including intracellular kinases, channels, receptors, and transcription factors, tend to play a role in regulating post-injury pain once they exhibit pathological changes. In addition, astrocytes regulate neuropathic pain by releasing a series of mediators of different molecular weights, actively participating in the regulation of neurons and synapses, which are associated with the onset and general maintenance of neuropathic pain. This review summarizes the progress made in elucidating the mechanism underlying the involvement of astrocytes in neuropathic pain regulation.
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23
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Park J, Kim Y, Lee C, Kim YT. 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid attenuates microglial activation-mediated inflammatory pain by enhancing autophagy through the suppression of MCP3/JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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24
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Du S, Wu S, Feng X, Wang B, Xia S, Liang L, Zhang L, Govindarajalu G, Bunk A, Kadakia F, Mao Q, Guo X, Zhao H, Berkman T, Liu T, Li H, Stillman J, Bekker A, Davidson S, Tao YX. A nerve injury-specific long noncoding RNA promotes neuropathic pain by increasing Ccl2 expression. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:153563. [PMID: 35775484 PMCID: PMC9246381 DOI: 10.1172/jci153563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive changes of nerve injury-associated genes in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) are critical for neuropathic pain genesis. Emerging evidence supports the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating gene transcription. Here we identified a conserved lncRNA, named nerve injury-specific lncRNA (NIS-lncRNA) for its upregulation in injured DRGs exclusively in response to nerve injury. This upregulation was triggered by nerve injury-induced increase in DRG ELF1, a transcription factor that bound to the NIS-lncRNA promoter. Blocking this upregulation attenuated nerve injury-induced CCL2 increase in injured DRGs and nociceptive hypersensitivity during the development and maintenance periods of neuropathic pain. Mimicking NIS-lncRNA upregulation elevated CCL2 expression, increased CCL2-mediated excitability in DRG neurons, and produced neuropathic pain symptoms. Mechanistically, NIS-lncRNA recruited more binding of the RNA-interacting protein FUS to the Ccl2 promoter and augmented Ccl2 transcription in injured DRGs. Thus, NIS-lncRNA participates in neuropathic pain likely by promoting FUS-triggered DRG Ccl2 expression and may be a potential target in neuropathic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shaogen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiaozhou Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shangzhou Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lingli Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gokulapriya Govindarajalu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexander Bunk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Feni Kadakia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Qingxiang Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xinying Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tolga Berkman
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics
| | - Jordan Stillman
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Steve Davidson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and,Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Zhang C, Zhao J, Mi W, Zhang Y, Zhong X, Tan G, Li F, Li X, Xu Y, Zhang Y. Comprehensive analysis of microglia gene and subpathway signatures for glioma prognosis and drug screening: linking microglia to glioma. Lab Invest 2022; 20:277. [PMID: 35729639 PMCID: PMC9210642 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumors in the brain. Previous studies have revealed that, as the innate immune cells in nervous system, microglia cells were involved in glioma pathology. And, the resident microglia displayed its specific biological roles which distinguished with peripheral macrophages. In this study, an integrated analysis was performed based on public resource database to explore specific biological of microglia within glioma. Through comprehensive analysis, the biological characterization underlying two conditions, glioma microglia compared to glioma macrophage (MicT/MacT) as well as glioma microglia compared to normal microglia (MicT/MicN), were revealed. Notably, nine core MicT/MicN genes displayed closely associations with glioma recurrence and prognosis, such as P2RY2, which was analyzed in more than 2800 glioma samples from 25 studies. Furthermore, we applied a random walk based strategy to identify microglia specific subpathways and developed SubP28 signature for glioma prognostic analysis. Multiple validation data sets confirmed the predictive performance of SubP28 and involvement in molecular subtypes. The associations between SuP28 score and microglia M1/M2 polarization were also explored for both GBM and LGG types. Finally, a comprehensive drug-subpathway network was established for screening candidate medicable molecules (drugs) and identifying therapeutic subpathway targets. In conclusions, the comprehensive analysis of microglia related gene and functional signatures in glioma pathobiologic events by large-scale data sets displayed a framework to dissect inner connection between microglia and glioma, and identify robust signature for glioma clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Wanqi Mi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Guiyuan Tan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yanjun Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Dourson AJ, Willits A, Raut NG, Kader L, Young E, Jankowski MP, Chidambaran V. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms influencing acute to chronic postsurgical pain transitions in pediatrics: Preclinical to clinical evidence. Can J Pain 2022; 6:85-107. [PMID: 35572362 PMCID: PMC9103644 DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2021.2021799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) in children remains an important problem with no effective preventive or therapeutic strategies. Recently, genomic underpinnings explaining additional interindividual risk beyond psychological factors have been proposed. Aims We present a comprehensive review of current preclinical and clinical evidence for genetic and epigenetic mechanisms relevant to pediatric CPSP. Methods Narrative review. Results Animal models are relevant to translational research for unraveling genomic mechanisms. For example, Cacng2, p2rx7, and bdnf mutant mice show altered mechanical hypersensitivity to injury, and variants of the same genes have been associated with CPSP susceptibility in humans; similarly, differential DNA methylation (H1SP) and miRNAs (miR-96/7a) have shown translational implications. Animal studies also suggest that crosstalk between neurons and immune cells may be involved in nociceptive priming observed in neonates. In children, differential DNA methylation in regulatory genomic regions enriching GABAergic, dopaminergic, and immune pathways, as well as polygenic risk scores for enhanced prediction of CPSP, have been described. Genome-wide studies in pediatric CPSP are scarce, but pathways identified by adult gene association studies point to potential common mechanisms. Conclusions Bench-to-bedside genomics research in pediatric CPSP is currently limited. Reverse translational approaches, use of other -omics, and inclusion of pediatric/CPSP endophenotypes in large-scale biobanks may be potential solutions. Time of developmental vulnerability and longitudinal genomic changes after surgery warrant further investigation. Emergence of promising precision pain management strategies based on gene editing and epigenetic programing emphasize need for further research in pediatric CPSP-related genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Dourson
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,USA
| | - Adam Willits
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Namrata G.R. Raut
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,USA
| | - Leena Kader
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Erin Young
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Michael P. Jankowski
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vidya Chidambaran
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,USA
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Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Cellular Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041092. [PMID: 35205842 PMCID: PMC8870579 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This paper summarizes the crosstalk between tumor/non-tumor cells and other elements of the glioblastoma (GB) microenvironment. In tumor pathology, glial cells result in the highest number of cancers, and GB is considered the most lethal tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex peritumoral hallo composed of tumor cells and several non-tumor cells (e.g., nervous cells, stem cells, fibroblasts, vascular and immune cells), which might be a key factor for the ineffective treatment since the microenvironment modulates the biologic status of the tumor with the increase in its evasion capacity. A deeper understanding of cell–cell interactions in the TME and with the tumor cells could be the basis for a more efficient therapy. Abstract The central nervous system (CNS) represents a complex network of different cells, such as neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels. In tumor pathology, glial cells result in the highest number of cancers, and glioblastoma (GB) is considered the most lethal tumor in this region. The development of GB leads to the infiltration of healthy tissue through the interaction between all the elements of the brain network. This results in a GB microenvironment, a complex peritumoral hallo composed of tumor cells and several non-tumor cells (e.g., nervous cells, stem cells, fibroblasts, vascular and immune cells), which might be the principal factor for the ineffective treatment due to the fact that the microenvironment modulates the biologic status of the tumor with the increase in its evasion capacity. Crosstalk between glioma cells and the brain microenvironment finally inhibits the beneficial action of molecular pathways, favoring the development and invasion of the tumor and its increasing resistance to treatment. A deeper understanding of cell–cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and with the tumor cells could be the basis for a more efficient therapy.
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Hao LY, Zhang M, Tao Y, Xu H, Liu Q, Yang K, Wei R, Zhou H, Jin T, Liu XD, Xue Z, Shen W, Cao JL, Pan Z. miRNA-22 Upregulates Mtf1 in Dorsal Horn Neurons and Is Essential for Inflammatory Pain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8622388. [PMID: 35242280 PMCID: PMC8886789 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8622388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory pain seriously affects patients' quality of life because of a paucity of effective clinical treatments caused, at least in part, by lack of full understanding of the underlying mechanisms. miRNAs are known to be involved in inflammatory pain via silencing or degrading of target mRNA in the cytoplasm. The present study provides a novel mechanism by which miRNA-22 positively regulates metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (Mtf1) in the nuclei of neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We found that miRNA-22 was significantly increased in the dorsal horn of mice with either inflammatory pain induced by plantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or neuropathic pain induced by unilateral sciatic nerve chronic constrictive injury (CCI). Knocking down or blocking miRNA-22 alleviated CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia, whereas overexpressing miRNA-22 produced pain-like behaviors. Mechanistically, the increased miRNA-22 binds directly to the Mtf1 promoter to recruit RNA polymerase II and elevate Mtf1 expression. The increased Mtf1 subsequently enhances spinal central sensitization, as evidenced by increased expression of p-ERK1/2, GFAP, and c-Fos in the dorsal horn. Our findings suggest that the miRNA-22-Mtf1 signaling axis in the dorsal horn plays a critical role in the induction and maintenance of inflammatory pain. This signaling pathway may be a promising therapeutic target in inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Hao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yang Tao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hengjun Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Kehui Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Runa Wei
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Tong Jin
- Department of Pain, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhouya Xue
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Pain, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou 221004, China
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Wistrom E, Chase R, Smith PR, Campbell ZT. A compendium of validated pain genes. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1570. [PMID: 35760453 PMCID: PMC9787016 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel pain therapeutics hinges on the identification and rigorous validation of potential targets. Model organisms provide a means to test the involvement of specific genes and regulatory elements in pain. Here we provide a list of genes linked to pain-associated behaviors. We capitalize on results spanning over three decades to identify a set of 242 genes. They support a remarkable diversity of functions spanning action potential propagation, immune response, GPCR signaling, enzymatic catalysis, nucleic acid regulation, and intercellular signaling. Making use of existing tissue and single-cell high-throughput RNA sequencing datasets, we examine their patterns of expression. For each gene class, we discuss archetypal members, with an emphasis on opportunities for additional experimentation. Finally, we discuss how powerful and increasingly ubiquitous forward genetic screening approaches could be used to improve our ability to identify pain genes. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wistrom
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Rebecca Chase
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Patrick R. Smith
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Zachary T. Campbell
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA,Center for Advanced Pain StudiesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
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Vandenbark AA, Offner H, Matejuk S, Matejuk A. Microglia and astrocyte involvement in neurodegeneration and brain cancer. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:298. [PMID: 34949203 PMCID: PMC8697466 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is unique and the most complex organ of the body, containing neurons and several types of glial cells of different origins and properties that protect and ensure normal brain structure and function. Neurological disorders are the result of a failure of the nervous system multifaceted cellular networks. Although great progress has been made in the understanding of glia involvement in neuropathology, therapeutic outcomes are still not satisfactory. Here, we discuss recent perspectives on the role of microglia and astrocytes in neurological disorders, including the two most common neurodegenerative conditions, Alzheimer disease and progranulin-related frontotemporal lobar dementia, as well as astrocytoma brain tumors. We emphasize key factors of microglia and astrocytic biology such as the highly heterogeneic glial nature strongly dependent on the environment, genetic factors that predispose to certain pathologies and glia senescence that inevitably changes the CNS landscape. Our understanding of diverse glial contributions to neurological diseases can lead advances in glial biology and their functional recovery after CNS malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Szymon Matejuk
- Medical Student of Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agata Matejuk
- Department of Immunology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland.
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Lu ZY, Fan J, Yu LH, Ma B, Cheng LM. The Up-regulation of TNF-α Maintains Trigeminal Neuralgia by Modulating MAPKs Phosphorylation and BKCa Channels in Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:764141. [PMID: 34899191 PMCID: PMC8657151 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.764141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe chronic neuropathic pain. Despite numerous available medical interventions, the therapeutic effects are not ideal. To control the pain attacks, the need for more contemporary drugs continues to be a real challenge. Our previous study reported that Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa) channels modulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons play crucial roles in regulating TN, and some research studies demonstrated that inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) could promote neuropathic pain. Meanwhile, the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC), the first central site of the trigeminal nociceptive pathway, is responsible for processing sensory and pain signals from the peripheral orofacial area. Thus, this study is aimed to further investigate whether TNF-α and MAPKs phosphorylation in the TNC could mediate the pathogenesis of TN by modulating BKCa channels. The results showed that TNF-α of the TNC region is upregulated significantly in the chronic constriction injury of infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI) rats model, which displayed persistent facial mechanical allodynia. The normal rats with target injection of exogenous TNF-α to the fourth brain ventricle behaved just like the ION-CCI model rats, the orofacial mechanical pain threshold decreased clearly. Meanwhile, the exogenous TNF-α increased the action potential frequency and reduced the BKCa currents of TNC neurons significantly, which could be reversed by U0126 and SB203580, the inhibitors of MAPK. In addition, U0126, SB203580, and another MAPK inhibitor SP600125 could relieve the facial mechanical allodynia by being injected into the fourth brain ventricle of ION-CCI model rats, respectively. Taken together, our work suggests that the upregulation of TNF-α in the TNC region would cause the increase of MAPKs phosphorylation and then the negative regulation of BKCa channels, resulting in the TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Ying Lu
- Experimental Training Center of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Fan
- Experimental Training Center of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Hua Yu
- Experimental Training Center of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Ma
- Experimental Training Center of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kawai M, Imaizumi K, Ishikawa M, Shibata S, Shinozaki M, Shibata T, Hashimoto S, Kitagawa T, Ago K, Kajikawa K, Shibata R, Kamata Y, Ushiba J, Koga K, Furue H, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Nagoshi N, Okano H. Long-term selective stimulation of transplanted neural stem/progenitor cells for spinal cord injury improves locomotor function. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110019. [PMID: 34818559 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI), grafted human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (hiPSC-NS/PCs) mainly differentiate into neurons, forming synapses in a process similar to neurodevelopment. In the developing nervous system, the activity of immature neurons has an important role in constructing and maintaining new synapses. Thus, we investigate how enhancing the activity of transplanted hiPSC-NS/PCs affects both the transplanted cells themselves and the host tissue. We find that chemogenetic stimulation of hiPSC-derived neural cells enhances cell activity and neuron-to-neuron interactions in vitro. In a rodent model of SCI, consecutive and selective chemogenetic stimulation of transplanted hiPSC-NS/PCs also enhances the expression of synapse-related genes and proteins in surrounding host tissues and prevents atrophy of the injured spinal cord, thereby improving locomotor function. These findings provide a strategy for enhancing activity within the graft to improve the efficacy of cell transplantation therapy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momotaro Kawai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kent Imaizumi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ishikawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shogo Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kitagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ago
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keita Kajikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Reo Shibata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Ushiba
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Keisuke Koga
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Furue
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Li L, Bai L, Yang K, Zhang J, Gao Y, Jiang M, Yang Y, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang X, Qiao Y, Xu JT. KDM6B epigenetically regulated-interleukin-6 expression in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn contributes to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury in male rats. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:265-282. [PMID: 34464689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysine specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B) has been implicated as a coregulator in the expression of proinflammatory mediators, and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and arthritic pain. However, the role of KDM6B in neuropathic pain has yet to be studied. In the current study, the neuropathic pain was determined by assessing the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) following lumbar 5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in male rats. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR assays were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that SNL led to a significant increase in KDM6B mRNA and protein in the ipsilateral L4/5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn; and this increase correlated a markedly reduction in the level of H3K27me3 methylation in the same tissue. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed that the KDM6B expressed in myelinated A- and unmyelinated C-fibers in the DRG; and located in neuronal cells, astrocytes, and microglia in the dorsal horn. Behavioral data showed that SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were impaired by the treatment of prior to i.t. injection of GSK-J4, a specific inhibitor of KDM6B, or KDM6B siRNA. Both microinjection of AAV2-EGFP-KDM6B shRNA in the lumbar 5 dorsal horn and sciatic nerve, separately, alleviated the neuropathic pain following SNL. The established neuropathic pain was also partially attenuated by repeat i.t. injections of GSK-J4 or KDM6B siRNA, started on day 7 after SNL. SNL also resulted in a remarkable increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the DRG and dorsal horn. But this increase was dramatically inhibited by i.t. injection of GSK-J4 and KDM6B siRNA; and suppressed by prior to microinjection of AAV2-EGFP-KDM6B shRNA in the dorsal horn and sciatic nerve. Results of ChIP-PCR assay showed that SNL-induced enhanced binding of STAT3 with IL-6 promoter was inhibited by prior to i.t. injection of GSK-J4. Meanwhile, the level of H3K27me3 methylation was also decreased by the treatment. Together, our results indicate that SNL-induced upregulation of KDM6B via demethylating H3K27me3 facilitates the binding of STAT3 with IL-6 promoter, and subsequently mediated-increase in the expression of IL-6 in the DRG and dorsal horn contributes to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Targeting KDM6B might a promising therapeutic strategy to treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liying Bai
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kangli Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingjun Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yiming Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ji-Tian Xu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Katsuda Y, Tanaka K, Mori T, Narita M, Takeshima H, Kondo T, Yamabe Y, Matsufuji M, Sato D, Hamada Y, Yamaguchi K, Ushijima T, Inada E, Kuzumaki N, Iseki M, Narita M. Histone modification of pain-related gene expression in spinal cord neurons under a persistent postsurgical pain-like state by electrocautery. Mol Brain 2021; 14:146. [PMID: 34544461 PMCID: PMC8451106 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a serious problem. We developed a mouse model of CPSP induced by electrocautery and examined the mechanism of CPSP. In this mouse model, while both incision and electrocautery each produced acute allodynia, persistent allodynia was only observed after electrocautery. Under these conditions, we found that the mRNA levels of Small proline rich protein 1A (Sprr1a) and Annexin A10 (Anxa10), which are the key modulators of neuropathic pain, in the spinal cord were more potently and persistently increased by electrocautery than by incision. Furthermore, these genes were overexpressed almost exclusively in chronic postsurgical pain-activated neurons. This event was associated with decreased levels of tri-methylated histone H3 at Lys27 and increased levels of acetylated histone H3 at Lys27 at their promoter regions. On the other hand, persistent allodynia and overexpression of Sprr1a and Anxa10 after electrocautery were dramatically suppressed by systemic administration of GSK-J4, which is a selective H3K27 demethylase inhibitor. These results suggest that the effects of electrocautery contribute to CPSP along with synaptic plasticity and epigenetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Katsuda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Mori
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Michiko Narita
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takashige Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Misa Matsufuji
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.,Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, 3-3-20 Shinsuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Eiichi Inada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Naoko Kuzumaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Masako Iseki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan. .,Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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35
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López-Muñoz E, Mejía-Terrazas GE. Epigenetics and postsurgical pain: A scoping review. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 23:246-262. [PMID: 34314508 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnab234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple factors are involved in the physiology and variability of postsurgical pain, a great part of which can be explained by genetic and environmental factors and their interaction. Epigenetics refers to the mechanism by which the environment alters the stability and expression of genes. We conducted a scoping review to examine the available evidence in both animal models and clinical studies on epigenetic mechanisms involved in regulation of postsurgical and chronic postsurgical pain. METHODS The Arksey & ÓMalley framework and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, scoping reviews extension) guidelines were used. The PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched, and the original articles cited in reviews located through the search were also reviewed. English-language articles without time limits were retrieved. Articles were selected if the abstract addressed information on the epigenetic or epigenomic mechanisms, histone, or DNA methylation and microribonucleic acids involved in postsurgical and chronic postsurgical pain in animal models and clinical studies. RESULTS The initial search provided 174 articles, and 81 were used. The available studies to date, mostly in animal models, have shown that epigenetics contributes to regulation of gene expression in the pathways involved in postsurgical pain and in maintaining long-term pain. CONCLUSION Research on possible epigenetic mechanisms involved in postsurgical pain and chronic postsurgical pain in humans is scarce. In view of the evidence available in animal models, there is a need to evaluate epigenetic pain mechanisms in the context of human and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice López-Muñoz
- Medical Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4, "Luis Castelazo Ayala", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Enrique Mejía-Terrazas
- Medical Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4, "Luis Castelazo Ayala", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.,Anaesthesiology Service and Pain Clinic, Hospital Angeles México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) is known to be a slowly progressive disease that alters all tissue compartments of the joint involved with a characteristic degradation of the cartilage, bone remodeling, and inflammation. One of the prominent symptoms in OA patients is pain, but a few radiologic, inflammatory, or structurally related biomarkers have shown few if any associations with pain. This study aimed to assess serum levels of 92 markers involved in inflammatory pathways in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and evaluate their possible associations with the clinical pain intensity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples were collected from 127 KOA patients and 39 healthy participants with no knee pain. Each serum sample was analyzed for 92 inflammatory markers using the Proximity Extension Array (PEA) technology. Clinical pain intensity was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale, and patients completed the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire. RESULTS Fifteen markers were significantly different when comparing KOA patients and healthy participants. Two markers, fibroblast growth factor-21 and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), correlated positively with pain intensity (R=0.235, P=0.008; R=0.233, P=0.008). Moreover, a linear regression model showed interleukin-6, macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1, fibroblast growth factor-21, and tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 12 (TWEAK) as significant independent parameters for pain intensity. DISCUSSION The associations between specific cytokines and KOA pain intensities provide new insights into the understanding of the underlying factors driving the pain in OA.
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Xue J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Lv Q, Su J. Astrocyte-derived CCL7 promotes microglia-mediated inflammation following traumatic brain injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107975. [PMID: 34293712 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are immune cells of the central nervous system that mediate neuroinflammation. It is widely known that microglia-mediated inflammation in the brain contribute to the widespread tissue damage and neurological deficits in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the mechanisms responsible for this inflammatory response remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of astrocyte-derived chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7) in microglial-controlled inflammation following TBI. Our results demonstrated that astrocyte-derived CCL7 induced microglial activation and the release of proinflammatory mediators in the cortex and serum of rats that underwent experimental TBI. Furthermore, CCL7 knockout improved microglia-controlled inflammation, brain morphology and neurological dysfunction following TBI. In vitro, CCL7-siRNA attenuated the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the co-culture of microglia and astrocytes. Collectively, our findings uncover an important role for astrocyte-derived CCL7 in promoting microglia-mediated inflammation after TBI and suggests CCL7 could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for attenuating TBI by inhibiting microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Xue
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jintan Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jintan Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Neurology Department, Jintan Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jintan Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jintan Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Neurology Department, Jintan Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213200, China.
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38
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Yamaguchi K, Yamazaki S, Kumakura S, Someya A, Iseki M, Inada E, Nagaoka I. Yokukansan, a Japanese Herbal Medicine, Suppresses Substance PInduced Production of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 by Human U373 MG Glioblastoma Astrocytoma Cells. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:1073-1080. [PMID: 32003704 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200131103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yokukansan is a traditional Japanese herbal medicine that has an antiallodynic effect in patients with chronic pain. However, the mechanisms by which yokukansan inhibits neuropathic pain are unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the molecular effects of yokukansan on neuroinflammation in U373 MG glioblastoma astrocytoma cells, which express a functional high-affinity neurokinin 1 receptor (substance P receptor), and produce interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in response to stimulation by substance P (SP). METHODS We assessed the effect of yokukansan on the expression of ERK1/2, P38 MAPK, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in U373 cells by western blot assay. Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in conditioned medium obtained after stimulation of cells with SP for 24 h were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All experiments were conducted in triplicate. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and significance was accepted at p < 0.05. RESULTS Yokukansan suppressed SP-induced production of IL-6 and IL-8 by U373 MG cells, and downregulated SP-induced COX-2 expression. Yokukansan also inhibited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, as well as nuclear translocation of NF-κB, induced by SP stimulation of U373 MG cells. CONCLUSION Yokukansan exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing SP-induced production of IL-6 and IL-8 and downregulating COX-2 expression in U373 MG cells, possibly via inhibition of the activation of signaling molecules, such as ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, 3-3-20 Shinsuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0075, Japan
| | - Sho Yamazaki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kumakura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akimasa Someya
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masako Iseki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Eiichi Inada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Isao Nagaoka
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Kummer KK, Zeidler M, Kalpachidou T, Kress M. Role of IL-6 in the regulation of neuronal development, survival and function. Cytokine 2021; 144:155582. [PMID: 34058569 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is emerging as a molecule with both beneficial and destructive potentials. It can exert opposing actions triggering either neuron survival after injury or causing neurodegeneration and cell death in neurodegenerative or neuropathic disorders. Importantly, neurons respond differently to IL-6 and this critically depends on their environment and whether they are located in the peripheral or the central nervous system. In addition to its hub regulator role in inflammation, IL-6 is recently emerging as an important regulator of neuron function in health and disease, offering exciting possibilities for more mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of mental, neurodegenerative and pain disorders and for developing novel therapies for diseases with neuroimmune and neurogenic pathogenic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai K Kummer
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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G protein-coupled receptor GPR151 is involved in trigeminal neuropathic pain through the induction of Gβγ/extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated neuroinflammation in the trigeminal ganglion. Pain 2021; 162:1434-1448. [PMID: 33239523 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Trigeminal nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is a debilitating chronic orofacial pain syndrome but lacks effective treatment. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), especially orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs) are important therapeutic targets in pain medicine. Here, we screened upregulated oGPCRs in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) after partial infraorbital nerve transection (pIONT) and found that Gpr151 was the most significantly upregulated oGPCRs. Gpr151 mRNA was increased from pIONT day 3 and maintained for more than 21 days. Furthermore, GPR151 was expressed in the neurons of the TG after pIONT. Global mutation or knockdown of Gpr151 in the TG attenuated pIONT-induced mechanical allodynia. In addition, the excitability of TG neurons was increased after pIONT in wild-type (WT) mice, but not in Gpr151-/- mice. Notably, GPR151 bound to Gαi protein, but not Gαq, Gα12, or Gα13, and activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) through Gβγ. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase was also activated by pIONT in the TG of WT mice, but not in Gpr151-/- mice. Gene microarray showed that Gpr151 mutation reduced the expression of a large number of neuroinflammation-related genes that were upregulated in WT mice after pIONT, including chemokines CCL5, CCL7, CXCL9, and CXCL10. The mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor (PD98059) attenuated mechanical allodynia and reduced the upregulation of these chemokines after pIONT. Collectively, this study not only revealed the involvement of GPR151 in the maintenance of trigeminal neuropathic pain but also identified GPR151 as a Gαi-coupled receptor to induce ERK-dependent neuroinflammation. Thus, GPR151 may be a potential drug target for the treatment of trigeminal neuropathic pain.
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Christensen J, Beveridge JK, Wang M, Orr SL, Noel M, Mychasiuk R. A Pilot Study Investigating the Role of Gender in the Intergenerational Relationships between Gene Expression, Chronic Pain, and Adverse Childhood Experiences in a Clinical Sample of Youth with Chronic Pain. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:epigenomes5020009. [PMID: 34968296 PMCID: PMC8594698 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a highly prevalent and costly issue that often emerges during childhood or adolescence and persists into adulthood. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase risk for several adverse health conditions, including chronic pain. Recent evidence suggests that parental trauma (ACEs, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms) confers risk of poor health outcomes in their children. Intergenerational relationships between parental trauma and child chronic pain may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. A clinical sample of youth with chronic pain and their parents completed psychometrically sound questionnaires assessing ACEs, PTSD symptoms, and chronic pain, and provided a saliva sample. These were used to investigate the intergenerational relationships between four epigenetic biomarkers (COMT, DRD2, GR, and SERT), trauma, and chronic pain. The results indicated that the significant biomarkers were dependent upon the gender of the child, wherein parental ACEs significantly correlated with changes in DRD2 expression in female children and altered COMT expression in the parents of male children. Additionally, the nature of the ACE (maltreatment vs. household dysfunction) was associated with the specific epigenetic changes. There may be different pathways through which parental ACEs confer risk for poor outcomes for males and females, highlighting the importance of child gender in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennaya Christensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Jaimie K. Beveridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (J.K.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Melinda Wang
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Serena L. Orr
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (J.K.B.); (M.N.)
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (J.K.B.); (M.N.)
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Li J, Tian M, Hua T, Wang H, Yang M, Li W, Zhang X, Yuan H. Combination of autophagy and NFE2L2/NRF2 activation as a treatment approach for neuropathic pain. Autophagy 2021; 17:4062-4082. [PMID: 33834930 PMCID: PMC8726676 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1900498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process, plays an important role in the regulation of immune inflammation and nervous system homeostasis. However, the exact role and mechanism of autophagy in pain is still unclear. Here, we showed that impaired autophagy flux mainly occurred in astrocytes during the maintenance of neuropathic pain. No matter the stage of neuropathic pain induction or maintenance, activation of autophagy relieved the level of pain, whereas inhibition of autophagy aggravated pain. Moreover, the levels of neuroinflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased or decreased following autophagy inhibition or activation. Further study showed that inhibition of autophagy slowed the induction, but increased the maintenance of neuroinflammatory responses, which could be achieved by promoting the binding of TRAF6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6) to K63 ubiquitinated protein, and increasing the levels of p-MAPK8/JNK (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8) and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells (NFKB/NF-κB). Impaired autophagy also reduced the protective effect of astrocytes on neurons against ROS stress because of the decrease in the level of glutathione released by astrocytes, which could be improved by activating the NFE2L2/NRF2 (nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2) pathway. We also demonstrated that simultaneous activation of autophagy and the NFE2L2 pathway further relieved pain, compared to activating autophagy alone. Our study provides an underlying mechanism by which autophagy participates in the regulation of neuropathic pain, and a combination of autophagy and NFE2L2 activation may be a new treatment approach for neuropathic pain. Abbreviation: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine; ACTB: actin, beta; AMPAR: alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor; ATG: autophagy-related; CAMK2/CaMKII: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; CCL7: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; CQ: chloroquine; GABA: gamma-aminobutyrate; GCLC: glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; GSH: glutathione; HMOX1/HO-1: heme oxygenase 1; KEAP1: kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; MAP1LC3/LC3-II: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated form); MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAPK1/ERK: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; MMP2: matrix metallopeptidase 2; MAPK8/JNK: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8; MAPK14/p38: mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; NFE2L2/NRF2: nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SLC12A5: solute carrier family 12, member 5; SNL: spinal nerve ligation; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; TRAF6: TNF receptor-associated factor; TRP: transient receptor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Mouli Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Tong Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Haowei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
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Iyer P, Lee YC. Why It Hurts: The Mechanisms of Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2021; 47:229-244. [PMID: 33781492 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a near-universal feature of rheumatoid arthritis, but peripheral joint inflammation may not suffice to explain the etiology of pain in all patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis releases several algogens that may generate pain. Also, central nervous system processes may play a crucial role in the regulation and perpetuation of pain. Several methods for assessing pain in rheumatoid arthritis exist, and recently the role of assessing therapeutics in treating specific etiologies of pain has gained interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Iyer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Virtuoso A, Giovannoni R, De Luca C, Gargano F, Cerasuolo M, Maggio N, Lavitrano M, Papa M. The Glioblastoma Microenvironment: Morphology, Metabolism, and Molecular Signature of Glial Dynamics to Discover Metabolic Rewiring Sequence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3301. [PMID: 33804873 PMCID: PMC8036663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Different functional states determine glioblastoma (GBM) heterogeneity. Brain cancer cells coexist with the glial cells in a functional syncytium based on a continuous metabolic rewiring. However, standard glioma therapies do not account for the effects of the glial cells within the tumor microenvironment. This may be a possible reason for the lack of improvements in patients with high-grade gliomas therapies. Cell metabolism and bioenergetic fitness depend on the availability of nutrients and interactions in the microenvironment. It is strictly related to the cell location in the tumor mass, proximity to blood vessels, biochemical gradients, and tumor evolution, underlying the influence of the context and the timeline in anti-tumor therapeutic approaches. Besides the cancer metabolic strategies, here we review the modifications found in the GBM-associated glia, focusing on morphological, molecular, and metabolic features. We propose to analyze the GBM metabolic rewiring processes from a systems biology perspective. We aim at defining the crosstalk between GBM and the glial cells as modules. The complex networking may be expressed by metabolic modules corresponding to the GBM growth and spreading phases. Variation in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) rate and regulation appears to be the most important part of the metabolic and functional heterogeneity, correlating with glycolysis and response to hypoxia. Integrated metabolic modules along with molecular and morphological features could allow the identification of key factors for controlling the GBM-stroma metabolism in multi-targeted, time-dependent therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Virtuoso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | | | - Ciro De Luca
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Francesca Gargano
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Michele Cerasuolo
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Nicola Maggio
- Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5211401, Israel
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Michele Papa
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology ISBE-IT, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Liu R, Wu XM, He X, Wang RZ, Yin XY, Zhou F, Ji MH, Shen JC. Contribution of DNA methyltransferases to spared nerve injury induced depression partially through epigenetically repressing Bdnf in hippocampus: Reversal by ketamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 200:173079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mesquida-Veny F, Del Río JA, Hervera A. Macrophagic and microglial complexity after neuronal injury. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 200:101970. [PMID: 33358752 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injuries do not heal properly in contrast to normal tissue repair, in which functional recovery typically occurs. The reason for this dichotomy in wound repair is explained in part by macrophage and microglial malfunction, affecting both the extrinsic and intrinsic barriers to appropriate axonal regeneration. In normal healing tissue, macrophages promote the repair of injured tissue by regulating transitions through different phases of the healing response. In contrast, inflammation dominates the outcome of CNS injury, often leading to secondary damage. Therefore, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this dichotomy is critical to advance in neuronal repair therapies. Recent studies highlight the plasticity and complexity of macrophages and microglia beyond the classical view of the M1/M2 polarization paradigm. This plasticity represents an in vivo continuous spectrum of phenotypes with overlapping functions and markers. Moreover, macrophage and microglial plasticity affect many events essential for neuronal regeneration after injury, such as myelin and cell debris clearance, inflammation, release of cytokines, and trophic factors, affecting both intrinsic neuronal properties and extracellular matrix deposition. Until recently, this complexity was overlooked in the translation of therapies modulating these responses for the treatment of neuronal injuries. However, recent studies have shed important light on the underlying molecular mechanisms of this complexity and its transitions and effects on regenerative events. Here we review the complexity of macrophages and microglia after neuronal injury and their roles in regeneration, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, and we discuss current challenges and future opportunities for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francina Mesquida-Veny
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Del Río
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnau Hervera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
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Maecker HT, Wang W, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Semelka RC, Hickey J, Koran LM. An initial investigation of serum cytokine levels in patients with gadolinium retention. Radiol Bras 2020; 53:306-313. [PMID: 33071374 PMCID: PMC7545733 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2019.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether individuals with proposed gadolinium deposition disease (GDD) have elevated serum levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines, and whether specific cytokines are correlated with certain symptoms. Materials and Methods Twenty-four participants recruited between May 2016 and June 2017 met GDD diagnostic criteria. The 64 control subjects provided serum samples before prophylactic flu vaccination. Serum cytokine levels were obtained with Luminex serum cytokine assay using eBiosciences/Affymetrix human 62-plex kits. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were performed to assess the difference between the median fluorescence intensity values for the participants and the control group. Generalized linear models were built to evaluate the association between each cytokine of interest and selected participant symptoms. Results Serum levels of 14 cytokines, including nine pro-inflammatory cytokines, were statistically significantly elevated compared to controls (p ≤ 0.05). Hypotheses regarding pro-fibrotic cytokines and cytokine links to specific symptoms' intensity were not confirmed. Conclusion The statistically significantly elevated cytokines may be markers of susceptibility to GDD or agents of symptom induction. These findings suggest that individuals developing symptoms characteristic of GDD after a contrast-assisted magnetic resonance imaging should be studied to investigate whether gadolinium retention and elevated cytokines may be related to their symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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Mechanical pain of the lower extremity after compression of the upper spinal cord involves signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-dependent reactive astrocytes and interleukin-6. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:389-399. [PMID: 32717400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the main symptoms of spinal disorders such as spinal canal stenosis. A major cause of this pain is related to compression of the spinal cord, and chronic pain can develop at the level of the compressed spinal segment. However, in many patients chronic pain arises in an area that does not correspond to the compressed segment, and the underlying mechanism involved remains unknown. This was investigated in the present study using a mouse model of spinal cord compression in which mechanical pain of the hindpaws develops after compression of the first lumbar segment (L1) of the spinal cord. Compression induced the activation of astrocytes in the L1 spinal dorsal horn (SDH)-but not the L4 SDH that corresponds to the hindpaws-and activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Suppressing reactive astrocytes by expressing a dominant negative form of STAT3 (dnSTAT3) in the compressed SDH prevented mechanical pain. Expression of interleukin (IL)-6 was also upregulated in the compressed SDH, and it was inhibited by astrocytic expression of dnSTAT3. Intrathecal administration of a neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibody reversed the compression-induced mechanical pain. These results suggest that astrocytic STAT3 and IL-6 in the compressed SDH are involved in remote mechanical pain observed in the lower extremity, and may provide a target for treating chronic pain associated with spinal cord compression such as spinal canal stenosis.
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Jiang BC, Liu T, Gao YJ. Chemokines in chronic pain: cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Comparison of the beneficial effects of RS504393, maraviroc and cenicriviroc on neuropathic pain-related symptoms in rodents: behavioral and biochemical analyses. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106540. [PMID: 32402949 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The latest research highlights the role of chemokine signaling pathways in the development of nerve injury-induced pain. Recent studies have provided evidence for the involvement of CCR2 and CCR5 in the pathomechanism underlying neuropathy. Thus, the aim of our study was to compare the effects of a selective CCR2 antagonist (RS504393), selective CCR5 antagonist (maraviroc) and dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist (cenicriviroc) and determine whether the simultaneous blockade of both receptors is better than blocking only one of them selectively. All experiments were performed using Wistar rats/Swiss albino mice subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. To assess pain-related reactions, the von Frey and cold plate tests were used. The mRNA analysis was performed using RT-qPCR. We demonstrated that repeated intrathecal administration of the examined antagonists attenuated neuropathic pain in rats 7 days post-CCI. mRNA analysis showed that RS504393 did not modulate the spinal expression of the examined chemokines, whereas maraviroc reduced the CCI-induced elevation of CCL4 level. Cenicriviroc significantly lowered the spinal levels of CCL2-4 and CCL7. At the dorsal root ganglia, strong impacts of RS504393 and cenicriviroc on chemokine expression were observed; both reduced the CCI-induced elevation of CCL2-5 and CCL7 levels, whereas maraviroc decreased only the CCL5 level. Importantly, we demonstrated that a single intrathecal/intraperitoneal injection of cenicriviroc had greater analgesic properties than RS504393 or maraviroc in neuropathic mice. Additionally, we demonstrated that cenicriviroc enhanced opioid-induced analgesia. Based on our results, we suggest that targeting CCR2 and CCR5 simultaneously, is an interesting alternative for neuropathic pain pharmacotherapy.
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