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Sendra E, Fernández-Muñoz A, Zamorano L, Oliver A, Horcajada JP, Juan C, Gómez-Zorrilla S. Impact of multidrug resistance on the virulence and fitness of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a microbiological and clinical perspective. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02313-x. [PMID: 38954392 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens and part of the top emergent species associated with antimicrobial resistance that has become one of the greatest threat to public health in the twenty-first century. This bacterium is provided with a wide set of virulence factors that contribute to pathogenesis in acute and chronic infections. This review aims to summarize the impact of multidrug resistance on the virulence and fitness of P. aeruginosa. Although it is generally assumed that acquisition of resistant determinants is associated with a fitness cost, several studies support that resistance mutations may not be associated with a decrease in virulence and/or that certain compensatory mutations may allow multidrug resistance strains to recover their initial fitness. We discuss the interplay between resistance profiles and virulence from a microbiological perspective but also the clinical consequences in outcomes and the economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sendra
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), CEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Marítim 25-27, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almudena Fernández-Muñoz
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Crtra. Valldemossa 79, 07010, Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Zamorano
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Crtra. Valldemossa 79, 07010, Palma, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Crtra. Valldemossa 79, 07010, Palma, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Horcajada
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), CEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Marítim 25-27, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Crtra. Valldemossa 79, 07010, Palma, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Silvia Gómez-Zorrilla
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), CEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Marítim 25-27, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Wang Z, Chen R, Xia F, Jiang M, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Dai J, Zhuge X. ProQ binding to small RNA RyfA promotes virulence and biofilm formation in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Vet Res 2023; 54:109. [PMID: 37993891 PMCID: PMC10664665 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a notable subpathotype of the nonhuman extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Recognized as an extraintestinal foodborne pathogen, the zoonotic potential of APEC/ExPEC allows for cross-host transmission via APEC-contaminated poultry meat and eggs. ProQ, an RNA binding protein, is evolutionarily conserved in E. coli. However, its regulatory roles in the biofilm formation and virulence of APEC/ExPEC have not been explored. In this study, proQ deletion in the APEC strain FY26 significantly compromised its biofilm-forming ability. Furthermore, animal tests and cellular infection experiments showed that ProQ depletion significantly attenuated APEC virulence, thereby diminishing its capacity for bloodstream infection and effective adherence to and persistence within host cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed a decrease in the transcription level of the small RNA (sRNA) RyfA in the mutant FY26ΔproQ, suggesting a direct interaction between the sRNA RyfA and ProQ. This interaction might indicate that sRNA RyfA is a novel ProQ-associated sRNA. Moreover, the direct binding of ProQ to the sRNA RyfA was crucial for APEC biofilm formation, pathogenicity, adhesion, and intracellular survival. In conclusion, our findings provide detailed insight into the interaction between ProQ and sRNA RyfA and deepen our understanding of the regulatory elements that dictate APEC virulence and biofilm development. Such insights are instrumental in developing strategies to counteract APEC colonization within hosts and impede APEC biofilm establishment on food surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rui Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fufang Xia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Min Jiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dongyu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xiangkai Zhuge
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
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Kushwaha A, Agarwal V. Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecule N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone mediates Ca +2 dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21462. [PMID: 38027911 PMCID: PMC10660034 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone is a Pseudomonas aeruginosa secreted quorum-sensing molecule that mediates the secretion of virulence factors, biofilm formation and plays a pivotal role in proliferation and persistence in the host. Apart from regulating quorum-sensing, the autoinducer signal molecule N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3O-C12-HSL or C12) of a LasI-LasR circuit exhibits immunomodulatory effects and induces apoptosis in various host cells. However, the precise pathophysiological impact of C12 on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and its involvement in mitochondrial dysfunction remained largely elusive. In this study, the results suggest that C12 (100 μM) induces upregulation of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca+2 levels and triggers mitochondrial dysfunction through the generation of mitochondrial ROS (mROS), disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Additionally, it was observed that C12 induces phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and promotes apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, apoptosis plays a critical role in the homeostasis and development of lymphocytes, whereas enhanced apoptosis can cause immunodeficiency through cell loss. These findings suggest that C12 exerts a detrimental effect on lymphocytes by mediating mitochondrial dysfunction and enhancing apoptosis, which might further impair the effective mounting of immune responses during Pseudomonas aeruginosa-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kushwaha
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211004, India
| | - Vishnu Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211004, India
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Nappi F, Avtaar Singh SS, Jitendra V, Fiore A. Bridging Molecular and Clinical Sciences to Achieve the Best Treatment of Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2604. [PMID: 37894262 PMCID: PMC10609379 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a commensal bacterium that causes various infections in surgical sites, the urinary tract, and blood. The bacterium is becoming a significant concern because it tends to affect the elderly population, which has a high prevalence of undiagnosed degenerative valvular disease and is often subjected to invasive procedures and implanted medical devices. The bacterium's actions are influenced by specific characteristics like pili activity and biofilm formation. This resistance significantly impedes the effectiveness of numerous antibiotic therapies, particularly in cases of endocarditis. While current guidelines recommend antimicrobial therapy, the emergence of resistant strains has introduced complexity in managing these patients, especially with the increasing use of transcatheter therapies for those who are not suitable for surgery. Presentations of the condition are often varied and associated with generalised symptoms, which may pose a diagnostic challenge. We share our encounter with a case study that concerns an octogenarian who had a TAVI valve and developed endocarditis. We also conducted a literature review to identify the essential treatment algorithms for such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | | | - Vikram Jitendra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK;
| | - Antonio Fiore
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94000 Creteil, France;
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Nappi F, Schoell T, Spadaccio C, Acar C, da Costa FDA. A Literature Review on the Use of Aortic Allografts in Modern Cardiac Surgery for the Treatment of Infective Endocarditis: Is There Clear Evidence or Is It Merely a Perception? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1980. [PMID: 37895362 PMCID: PMC10608498 DOI: 10.3390/life13101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective valve endocarditis is caused by different pathogens and 60% of those involve the aortic valve with valve failure. Although S. aureus is recognized as the most frequently isolated causative bacterium associated with IE in high-income countries, Gram-positive cocci nevertheless play a crucial role in promoting infection in relation to their adhesive matrix molecules. The presence of pili on the surface of Gram-positive bacteria such as in different strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus spp., grants these causative pathogens a great offensive capacity due to the formation of biofilms and resistance to antibiotics. The indications and timing of surgery in endocarditis are debated as well as the choice of the ideal valve substitute to replace the diseased valve(s) when repair is not possible. We reviewed the literature and elaborated a systematic approach to endocarditis management based on clinical, microbiological, and anatomopathological variables known to affect postoperative outcomes with the aim to stratify the patients and orient decision making. From this review emerges significant findings on the risk of infection in the allograft used in patients with endocarditis and no endocarditis etiology suggesting that the use of allografts has proved safety and effectiveness in patients with both pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France;
| | - Thibaut Schoell
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France;
| | - Cristiano Spadaccio
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lancashire Cardiac Center, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool FY3 8NP, UK;
| | - Christophe Acar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de Hôpital 47-83, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Francisco Diniz Affonso da Costa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Instituto de Neurologia e Cardiologia de Curitiba—INC Cardio, Curitiba 81210-310, Parana, Brazil;
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Bzdil J, Sladecek V, Senk D, Stolar P, Waicova Z, Kollertova N, Zouharova M, Matiaskova K, Linhart P, Nedbalcova K. Enterococci Isolated from One-Day-Old Chickens and Their Phenotypic Susceptibility to Antimicrobials in the Czech Republic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1487. [PMID: 37887187 PMCID: PMC10603836 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study describes the prevalence and spectrum of enterococci isolated from one-day-old chickens in the Czech Republic, their level of antimicrobial resistance, and the occurrence of multiresistance. Over a 24-month period from 1 August 2021 to 31 July 2023, a total of 464 mixed samples of one-day-old chicken organs were examined during routine inspections at 12 randomly selected poultry farms in the Czech Republic. The samples were processed via cultivation methods and suspected strains were confirmed using the MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry method. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the MIC method for eight antimicrobials. A total of 128 isolates (prevalence of 27.6%) representing 4 species of enterococci were isolated, including Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, and Enterococcus hirae, with prevalence rates of 23.3%, 1.5%, 2.2%, and 0.6%, respectively. Susceptibility tests showed a high percentage of susceptible strains among E. faecalis, E. faecium, and E. gallinarum for penicillin-based antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, and florfenicol (80-100% susceptible strains). E. hirae was an exception, displaying complete resistance to enrofloxacin (0% susceptible strains) and a high degree of resistance to other tested antimicrobials (33.3% susceptible strains). Among the isolated strains, a total of 16 isolates (12.5%) showed resistance to 3 or more antimicrobials. Complete resistance to all eight antimicrobials simultaneously was observed in four isolates (3.1%). This research shows the possible sources of pathogenic enterococci and their virulence and resistance genes. The findings hold relevance for both veterinary and human medicine, contributing to a better understanding of enterococcal circulation in the human ecosystem and food chain, as well as the development of their resistance and multiresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Bzdil
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Vladimir Sladecek
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.)
| | - David Senk
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Stolar
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Zuzana Waicova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Nela Kollertova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Katarina Matiaskova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Petr Linhart
- Institute of Animal Protection and Welfare and Public Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences, Palackeho 1–3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Katerina Nedbalcova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.)
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Gilboa M, van Duin D, Yahav D. Which trial do we need? How to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia-proposal for an umbrella randomized controlled trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:829-831. [PMID: 37004748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayan Gilboa
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - David van Duin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dafna Yahav
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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Scheithauer S, Karasimos B, Manamayil D, Häfner H, Lewalter K, Mischke K, Heintz B, Tacke F, Brücken D, Lüring C, Heidenhain C, Tewarie L, Hilgers RD, Lemmen SW. A prospective cluster trial to increase antibiotic prescription quality in seven non-ICU wards. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2023; 18:Doc14. [PMID: 37405250 PMCID: PMC10316282 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim To evaluate general shortcomings and faculty-specific pitfalls as well as to improve antibiotic prescription quality (ABQ) in non-ICU wards, we performed a prospective cluster trial. Methods An infectious-disease (ID) consulting service performed a prospective investigation consisting of three 12-week phases with point prevalence evaluation conducted once per week (=36 evaluations in total) at seven non-ICU wards, followed by assessment of sustainability (weeks 37-48). Baseline evaluation (phase 1) defined multifaceted interventions by identifying the main shortcomings. Then, to distinguish intervention from time effects, the interventions were performed in four wards, and the 3 remaining wards served as controls; after assessing effects (phase 2), the same interventions were performed in the remaining wards to test the generalizability of the interventions (phase 3). The prolonged responses after all interventions were then analyzed in phase 4. ABQ was evaluated by at least two ID specialists who assessed the indication for therapy, the adherence to the hospital guidelines for empirical therapy, and the overall antibiotic prescription quality. Results In phase 1, 406 of 659 (62%) patients cases were adequately treated with antibiotics; the main reason for inappropriate prescription was the lack of an indication (107/253; 42%). The antibiotic prescription quality (ABQ) significantly increased, reaching 86% in all wards after the focused interventions (502/584; nDf=3, ddf=1,697, F=6.9, p=0.0001). In phase 2 the effect was only seen in wards that already participated in interventions (248/347; 71%). No improvement was seen in wards that received interventions only after phase 2 (189/295; 64%). A given indication significantly increased from about 80% to more than 90% (p<.0001). No carryover effects were observed. Discussion ABQ can be improved significantly by intervention bundles with apparent sustainable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Scheithauer
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Karasimos
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Hospital Düren, Düren, Germany
| | - David Manamayil
- Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Helga Häfner
- Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl Lewalter
- Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl Mischke
- Medical Clinic 1, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Heintz
- Clinic for Nephrology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Charité Mitte (CCM)/Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK, Charité – University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Brücken
- Clinic for Traumatology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Heidenhain
- Clinic for Visceral Surgery, AGAPLESION MARKUS Krankenhaus Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Sebastian W. Lemmen
- Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Lourtet-Hascoët J, Valdeolmillos E, Houeijeh A, Bonnet E, Karsenty C, Sharma SR, Kempny A, Iung B, Gatzoulis MA, Fraisse A, Hascoët S. Infective endocarditis after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation in patients with congenital heart disease: Distinctive features. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 116:159-166. [PMID: 36842868 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (TPVI) has greatly benefited the management of right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a feared complication of TPVI that affects valve durability and patient outcomes. Current recommendations provide only limited guidance on the management of IE after TPVI (TPVI-IE). This article, by a group of experts in congenital heart disease in children and adults, interventional cardiology, infectious diseases including IE, and microbiology, provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence on TPVI-IE, including its incidence, risk factors, causative organisms, diagnosis, and treatment. The incidence of TPVI-IE varies from 13-91/1000 person-years for Melody valves to 8-17/1000 person-years for SAPIEN valves. Risk factors include history of IE, DiGeorge syndrome, immunosuppression, male sex, high residual transpulmonary gradient and portal of bacteria entry. Staphylococci and streptococci are the most common culprits, whereas Staphylococcus aureus is associated with the most severe disease. In addition to the modified Duke criteria, a high residual gradient warrants a strong suspicion. Imaging studies are helpful for the diagnosis. Intravenous antibiotics guided by blood culture results are the mainstay of treatment. Invasive re-intervention may be required. TPVI-IE in patients with congenital heart disease exhibits several distinctive features. Whether specific valve types are associated with a higher risk of TPVI-IE requires further investigation. Patient and parent education regarding IE prevention may have a role to play and should be offered to all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lourtet-Hascoët
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adults with Congenital Heart Disease Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, SW3 6NP London, UK; Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Hôpital Saint Joseph, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Estibaliz Valdeolmillos
- Pôle des cardiopathies congénitales, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Centre de Référence Cardiopathies Congénitales Complexes-réseau M3C, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S999, BME Lab, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Ali Houeijeh
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Bonnet
- Infectious Diseases Mobile Unit, Clinique Pasteur, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Clément Karsenty
- Cardiologie pédiatrie, Hôpital des enfants, Centre de Compétence Cardiopathies Congénitales Complexes-réseau M3C- CHU Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Shiv-Raj Sharma
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adults with Congenital Heart Disease Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, SW3 6NP London, UK
| | - Aleksander Kempny
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adults with Congenital Heart Disease Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, SW3 6NP London, UK
| | - Bernard Iung
- Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Université Paris-Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Michael A Gatzoulis
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adults with Congenital Heart Disease Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, SW3 6NP London, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, SW3 6LY London, UK
| | - Alain Fraisse
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adults with Congenital Heart Disease Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, SW3 6NP London, UK
| | - Sébastien Hascoët
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adults with Congenital Heart Disease Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, SW3 6NP London, UK; Pôle des cardiopathies congénitales, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Centre de Référence Cardiopathies Congénitales Complexes-réseau M3C, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S999, BME Lab, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
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10
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Kushwaha A, Kumar V, Agarwal V. Pseudomonas quinolone signal induces organelle stress and dysregulates inflammation in human macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130269. [PMID: 36379399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) is a quorum-sensing molecule associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa that regulates quorum sensing, extracellular vesicle biogenesis, iron acquisition, and the secretion of virulence factors. PQS has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects on the host. It induces oxidative stress, modulates cytokine levels, and activates regulated cell death in the host. In this study, we investigated the effects of PQS (10 μM) on host organelle dynamics and dysfunction in human macrophages at the interphase of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and lysosome. This study showed that PQS increases cytosolic Ca+2 levels and elevates ER stress, as evidenced by increased expression of BiP and activation of the PERK-CHOP axis of unfolded protein response (UPR). Moreover, PQS also negatively affects mitochondria by disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing mitochondrial ROS generation (mROS). Additionally, PQS stimulation decreased the number of acridine orange-positive lysosomes, indicating lysosomal destabilization. Furthermore, PQS-induced lysosomal destabilization also induces overexpression of the lysosomal stress-responsive gene TFEB. Besides organelle dysfunction, PQS dysregulates inflammation-related genes by upregulating NLRC4, TMS1, and Caspase 1 while downregulating NLRP3 and IL-1β. Also, PQS increases gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). In conclusion, our findings suggest that PQS negatively affects human macrophages by interfering with organelle function and dysregulating inflammatory response. Consequently, this study provides crucial insight into PQS-driven macrophage dysfunction and may contribute to a better understanding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kushwaha
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
| | - Vishnu Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India.
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11
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Sigudu TT, Oguttu JW, Qekwana DN. Prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. from human specimens submitted to diagnostic laboratories in South Africa, 2012-2017. S Afr J Infect Dis 2023; 38:477. [PMID: 36756240 PMCID: PMC9900383 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v38i1.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although staphylococci are commensals of the skin and mucosa of humans and animals, they are also opportunistic pathogens. Some coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CoNS), such as S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis, are reported to be zoonotic. Objectives The prevalence of coagulase positive (CoPS), CoNS and coagulase-variable Staphylococcus spp. isolated from human clinical cases in South Africa was investigated. Method Retrospective records of 404 217 diagnostic laboratory submissions from 2012 to 2017 were examined and analysed in terms of time, place and person. Results Of the 32 different species identified, CoPS were the most frequently isolated (74.7%), followed by CoNS (18.9%). Just over half (51.2%) of the Staphylococcus isolates were from males, while females contributed 44.8%. Patients aged 0-4 years contributed the most (21.5%) isolates, with the highest number coming from KwaZulu-Natal (32.8%). Urinary specimens accounted for 29.8% of the isolates reported. There was no variation in the number of Staphylococcus isolates reported in the autumn (25.2%), winter (25.2%), spring (25.1%) and summer (24.5%) seasons. Conclusion This study demonstrated the diversity of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from humans and the magnitude of infection, with the most predominant species being S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Contribution Although most isolates were CoPS, the isolation of CoNS seen in this study suggests a need to improve infection control measures in a South African context. More research is needed to investigate the determinants of the observed variations in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themba T. Sigudu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa,Department of Health and Society, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - James W. Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel N. Qekwana
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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12
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Ostovar R, Schroeter F, Erb M, Kuehnel RU, Hartrumpf M, Albes JM. Endocarditis: Who Is Particularly at Risk and Why? Ten Years Analysis of Risk Factors for In-hospital Mortality in Infective Endocarditis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 71:12-21. [PMID: 35785809 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocarditis is continuously increasing. Evidence exist that the prognosis is adversely affected by the extent of the disease. We looked at risk factors influencing in-hospital mortality (HM). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 2010 and 2019, 484 patients, 338 males (69.8%) with mean age of 66.1 years were operated on because of proven endocarditis. In a retrospective study, a risk factor analysis was performed. RESULTS Overall HM was 30.17%. Significant influencing factors (odds ratios [ORs] or p-value) for HM were: age (p = 0.004), logistic EuroSCORE (p< 0.001), gender (OR = 1.64), dialysis (OR = 2.64), hepatic insufficiency (OR = 2.17), reoperation (OR = 1.77), previously implanted valve (OR = 1.97), periannular abscess (OR = 9.26), sepsis on admission (OR = 12.88), and number of involved valves (OR = 1.96). Development of a sepsis and HM was significantly lower if Streptococcus mitis was the main pathogen in contrast to other bacteria (p< 0.001). Staphylococcus aureus was significantly more often found in patients with a previously implanted prosthesis (p = 0.03) and in recurrent endocarditis (p = 0.02), while it significantly more often showed peripheral septic emboli than the other pathogens (p< 0.001). CONCLUSION Endocarditis remains life-threatening. Severe comorbidities adversely affected early outcome, particularly, in presence of periannular abscesses. Patients with suspected endocarditis should be admitted to a specialized heart center as early as possible. Streptococcus mitis appears to be less virulent than S. aureus. Further studies are required to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Ostovar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Filip Schroeter
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Michael Erb
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Ralf-Uwe Kuehnel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hartrumpf
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Johannes M Albes
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
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13
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Atamna A, Margalit I, Ayada G, Babich T, Naucler P, Valik JK, Giske CG, Benito N, Cardona R, Rivera A, Pulcini C, Fattah MA, Haquin J, Macgowan A, Chazan B, Yanovskay A, Ami RB, Landes M, Nesher L, Zaidman-Shimshovitz A, McCarthy K, Paterson DL, Tacconelli E, Buhl M, Mauer S, Rodríguez-Baño J, de Cueto M, Oliver A, de Gopegui ER, Cano A, Machuca I, Gozalo-Marguello M, Martinez-Martinez L, Gonzalez-Barbera EM, Alfaro IG, Salavert M, Beovic B, Saje A, Mueller-Premru M, Pagani L, Vitrat V, Kofteridis D, Zacharioudaki M, Maraki S, Weissman Y, Paul M, Dickstei Y, Yahav D. Outcomes of octogenarians and nonagenarians with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: a multicenter retrospective study. Infection 2022:10.1007/s15010-022-01973-x. [PMID: 36571672 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P. aeruginosa bacteremia is a common and severe infection carrying high mortality in older adults. We aimed to evaluate outcomes of P. aeruginosa bacteremia among old adults (≥ 80 years). METHODS We included the 464/2394 (19%) older adults from a retrospective multinational (9 countries, 25 centers) cohort study of individuals hospitalized with P. aeruginosa bacteremia. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate risk factors for 30-day mortality among older adults. RESULTS Among 464 adults aged ≥ 80 years, the mean age was 84.61 (SD 3.98) years, and 274 (59%) were men. Compared to younger patients, ≥ 80 years adults had lower Charlson score; were less likely to have nosocomial acquisition; and more likely to have urinary source. Thirty-day mortality was 30%, versus 27% among patients 65-79 years (n = 894) and 25% among patients < 65 years (n = 1036). Multivariate analysis for predictors of mortality among patients ≥ 80 years, demonstrated higher SOFA score (odds ratio [OR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-1.51, p < 0.001), corticosteroid therapy (OR 3.15, 95% CI: 1.24-8.01, p = 0.016) and hospital acquired P. aeruginosa bacteremia (OR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.33-3.98, p = 0.003) as predictors. Appropriate empirical therapy within 24 h, type of definitive anti-pseudomonal drug, and type of regimen (monotherapy or combination) were not associated with 30-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS In older adults with P. aeruginosa bacteremia, background conditions, place of acquisition, and disease severity are associated with mortality, rather than the antimicrobial regimen. In this regard, preventive efforts and early diagnosis before organ failure develops might be beneficial for improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Atamna
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rain Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 39 Jabotinsky Road, Petah Tikva, Israel. .,Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Ili Margalit
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rain Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 39 Jabotinsky Road, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gida Ayada
- Medicine C, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Tanya Babich
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rain Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 39 Jabotinsky Road, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Research Authority, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Pontus Naucler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Karlsson Valik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian G Giske
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natividad Benito
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Cardona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Rivera
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celine Pulcini
- Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, 54000, Nancy, France.,Infectious Diseases Department, Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Manal Abdel Fattah
- Infectious Diseases Department, Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Justine Haquin
- Infectious Diseases Department, Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Alasdair Macgowan
- Department of Infection Sciences, Pathology Sciences Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Bibiana Chazan
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anna Yanovskay
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronen Ben Ami
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Landes
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Nesher
- Infectious Disease Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Adi Zaidman-Shimshovitz
- Infectious Disease Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Kate McCarthy
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Buhl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Susanna Mauer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC and CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III ES, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina de Cueto
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC and CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III ES, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Enrique Ruiz de Gopegui
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Angela Cano
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Isabel Machuca
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Luis Martinez-Martinez
- Microbiology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel Salavert
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bojana Beovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Saje
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manica Mueller-Premru
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leonardo Pagani
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Bolzano Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Virginie Vitrat
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Annecy-Genevois Hospital Center (CHANGE), Annecy, France
| | - Diamantis Kofteridis
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Zacharioudaki
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sofia Maraki
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Yulia Weissman
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mical Paul
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaakov Dickstei
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dafna Yahav
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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14
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Kloss M, Moerke C, Woitschach F, Wulf K, Illner S, Schulz S, Pauker VI, Riedel K, Grabow N, Ince H, Reisinger EC, Sombetzki M. Novel dalbavancin-PLLA implant coating prevents hematogenous Staphylococcus aureus infection in a minimally invasive mouse tail vein model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1021827. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1021827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective/bacterial endocarditis is a rare but life-threatening disease with a hospital mortality rate of 22.7% and a 1-year mortality rate of 40%. Therefore, continued research efforts to develop efficient anti-infective implant materials are of the utmost importance. Equally important is the development of test systems that allow the performance of new materials to be comprehensively evaluated. In this study, a novel antibacterial coating based on dalbavancin was tested in comparison to rifampicin/minocycline, and the suitability of a recently developed mouse tail vein model for testing the implant coatings was validated. Small polymeric stent grafts coated with a poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) layer and incorporated antibiotics were colonized with Staphylococcus (S.) aureus before implantation into the tail vein of mice. The main assessment criteria were the hematogenous spread of the bacteria and the local tissue reaction to the contaminated implant. For this purpose, colony-forming units (CFU) in the blood, spleen and kidneys were determined. Tail cross sections were prepared for histological analysis, and plasma cytokine levels and expression values of inflammation-associated genes were examined. Both antibiotic coatings performed excellently, preventing the onset of infection. The present study expands the range of available methods for testing the anti-infectivity of cardiovascular implants, and the spectrum of agents for effective surface coating.
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15
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Prompt and Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy Improves Outcomes of NDM-Producing and KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infections in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Comparative Retrospective Case-Series. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111519. [DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by KPC- and NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.p.) during the course of COVID-19 infections lead to significant mortality. Herein, a comparative retrospective case series of KPC- or NDM-K.p. BSIs occurring in COVID-19 subjects treated with Ceftazidime/Avibactam (CAZ/AVI) for KPC-K.p., or CAZ/AVI+ Aztreonam (ATM) for NDM-K.p is reported. All patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in two Italian hospitals with a BSI between March and September 2021 were included. The main outcome was 14-day mortality. Overall, 44 patients were included: 23 with KPC-K.p. and 21 with NDM-K.p. BSIs. The median (q1–q3) age was 67 (57–75) years, and 32 (72%) were males. The two groups were similar in terms of baseline comorbidity, or severity of COVID-19. Notably, 14-day mortality of KPC-K.p. BSIs and NDM-K.p. BSIs (26% vs. 38%, p = 0.521) and 28-day mortality (35% vs. 48%, p = 0.541) were similar. A Cox regression model of delayed initiation of an appropriate antibiotic therapy after the onset of symptoms independently predicted mortality: initiation between 24 and 72 h (aHR = 12.03; 95% CI = 1.10–130, p = 0.041); and initiation after 72h (aHR = 36.9, 95% CI = 3.22–424, p = 0.004). Moreover, a trend towards an increased risk of mortality was observed for polymicrobial infections (aHR = 3.73, 95% CI = 0.87–15.8, p = 0.074), while a protective effect was observed for a beta-lactam loading dose at the start of treatment (aHR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.02–1.10, p = 0.064). The high mortality of KPC and NDM-K.p. BSIs in COVID-19 patients may be reduced by an early and appropriate antibiotic therapy. Further efforts should be made to develop antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programs in COVID-19 wards.
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16
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Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus nosocomial infection has a distinct epidemiological position and acts as a marker for overall hospital-acquired infection trends. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17007. [PMID: 36220870 PMCID: PMC9552150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An ongoing healthcare debate is whether controlling hospital-acquired infection (HAI) from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) will result in lowering the global HAI rate, or if MRSA will simply be replaced by another pathogen and there will be no change in overall disease burden. With surges in drug-resistant hospital-acquired pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic, this remains an important issue. Using a dataset of more than 1 million patients in 51 acute care facilities across the USA, and with the aid of a threshold model that models the nonlinearity in outbreaks of diseases, we show that MRSA is additive to the total burden of HAI, with a distinct 'epidemiological position', and does not simply replace other microbes causing HAI. Critically, as MRSA is reduced it is not replaced by another pathogen(s) but rather lowers the overall HAI burden. The analysis also shows that control of MRSA is a benchmark for how well all non-S. aureus nosocomial infections in the same hospital are prevented. Our results are highly relevant to healthcare epidemiologists and policy makers when assessing the impact of MRSA on hospitalized patients. These findings further stress the major importance of MRSA as a unique cause of nosocomial infections, as well as its pivotal role as a biomarker in demonstrating the measured efficacy (or lack thereof) of an organization's Infection Control program.
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17
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Ramanathan S, Albarillo FS, Fitzpatrick MA, Suda KJ, Poggensee L, Vivo A, Evans ME, Jones M, Safdar N, Pfeiffer C, Smith B, Wilson G, Evans CT. Infectious Disease Consults of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infection and Impact on Health Outcomes. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac456. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Infectious diseases (ID) consultation improves health outcomes for certain infections but has not been well described for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) blood stream infection (BSI). Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine ID consultation of inpatients with PA BSI and factors impacting outcomes.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study from January 1, 2012 - December 31, 2018 of adult hospitalized Veterans with PA BSI and antibiotic treatment 2 days before through 5 days after the culture date. Multidrug resistant (MDR) cultures were defined as resistance to at least 1 agent in ≥ 3 antimicrobial categories tested. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to assess the impact of ID consults and adequate treatment on mortality.
Results
3,256 patients had PA BSI, of which 367 (11.3%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Most were male (97.5%), over 65 years old (71.2%), and white (70.9%). Nearly one-fourth (n = 784, 23.3%) died during hospitalization and 870 (25.8%) died within 30-days of their culture. Adjusted models showed ID consultation was associated with decreased in-hospital (odds ratio (OR) = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.39-0.56) and 30-day mortality (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.42-0.62).
Conclusions
Consultation with ID physicians improves clinical outcomes such as in-hospital and 30-day mortality for patients with PA BSI. ID consultation provides value and should be considered for patients with PA BSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Ramanathan
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital , Hines, IL , USA
| | - Fritzie S Albarillo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine , Maywood, IL , USA
| | - Margaret A Fitzpatrick
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital , Hines, IL , USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine , Maywood, IL , USA
| | - Katie J Suda
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Health Equity Research & Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Linda Poggensee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital , Hines, IL , USA
| | - Amanda Vivo
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital , Hines, IL , USA
| | - Martin E Evans
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Lexington VA Medical Center , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Makoto Jones
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System , Salt Lake City, UT , USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Department of Veterans Affairs, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital , Madison, WI ; USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI ; USA
| | - Chris Pfeiffer
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Portland VA Healthcare System , Portland, OR , USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health Science University , Portland, OR , USA
| | - Bridget Smith
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital , Hines, IL , USA
| | - Geneva Wilson
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital , Hines, IL , USA
| | - Charlesnika T Evans
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital , Hines, IL , USA
- Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research and Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL , USA
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18
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Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080682. [PMID: 35893249 PMCID: PMC9329978 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis remains an illness that carries a significant burden to healthcare resources. In recent times, there has been a shift from Streptococcus sp. to Staphylococcus sp. as the primary organism of interest. This has significant consequences, given the virulence of Staphylococcus and its propensity to form a biofilm, rendering non-surgical therapy ineffective. In addition, antibiotic resistance has affected treatment of this organism. The cohorts at most risk for Staphylococcal endocarditis are elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. The innovation of transcatheter technologies alongside other cardiac interventions such as implantable devices has contributed to the increased risk attributable to this cohort. We examined the pathophysiology of infective endocarditis carefully. Inter alia, the determinants of Staphylococcus aureus virulence, interaction with host immunity, as well as the discovery and emergence of a potential vaccine, were investigated. Furthermore, the potential role of prophylactic antibiotics during dental procedures was also evaluated. As rates of transcatheter device implantation increase, endocarditis is expected to increase, especially in this high-risk group. A high level of suspicion is needed alongside early initiation of therapy and referral to the heart team to improve outcomes.
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Alves G, Ogurtsov A, Karlsson R, Jaén-Luchoro D, Piñeiro-Iglesias B, Salvà-Serra F, Andersson B, Moore ERB, Yu YK. Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Proteins via MiCId's Augmented Workflow. A Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Approach. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:917-931. [PMID: 35500907 PMCID: PMC9164240 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fast and accurate identifications of pathogenic bacteria along with their associated antibiotic resistance proteins are of paramount importance for patient treatments and public health. To meet this goal from the mass spectrometry aspect, we have augmented the previously published Microorganism Classification and Identification (MiCId) workflow for this capability. To evaluate the performance of this augmented workflow, we have used MS/MS datafiles from samples of 10 antibiotic resistance bacterial strains belonging to three different species: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The evaluation shows that MiCId's workflow has a sensitivity value around 85% (with a lower bound at about 72%) and a precision greater than 95% in identifying antibiotic resistance proteins. In addition to having high sensitivity and precision, MiCId's workflow is fast and portable, making it a valuable tool for rapid identifications of bacteria as well as detection of their antibiotic resistance proteins. It performs microorganismal identifications, protein identifications, sample biomass estimates, and antibiotic resistance protein identifications in 6-17 min per MS/MS sample using computing resources that are available in most desktop and laptop computers. We have also demonstrated other use of MiCId's workflow. Using MS/MS data sets from samples of two bacterial clonal isolates, one being antibiotic-sensitive while the other being multidrug-resistant, we applied MiCId's workflow to investigate possible mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in these pathogenic bacteria; the results showed that MiCId's conclusions agree with the published study. The new version of MiCId (v.07.01.2021) is freely available for download at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/CBBresearch/Yu/downloads.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelio Alves
- National
Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, United States
| | - Aleksey Ogurtsov
- National
Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, United States
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University
Hospital, 40234 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center
for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, 40016 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Nanoxis
Consulting AB, 40234 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Jaén-Luchoro
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center
for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, 40016 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Culture Collection
University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Sahlgrenska
Academy of the University of Gothenburg, 40234 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Piñeiro-Iglesias
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University
Hospital, 40234 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center
for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, 40016 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisco Salvà-Serra
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University
Hospital, 40234 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center
for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, 40016 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Culture Collection
University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Sahlgrenska
Academy of the University of Gothenburg, 40234 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Microbiology,
Department of Biology, University of the
Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Björn Andersson
- Bioinformatics
Core Facility at Sahlgrenska Academy, University
of Gothenburg, Box 413, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Edward R. B. Moore
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University
Hospital, 40234 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center
for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, 40016 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Culture Collection
University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Sahlgrenska
Academy of the University of Gothenburg, 40234 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yi-Kuo Yu
- National
Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, United States
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Attributable mortality of vancomycin resistance in ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia in Denmark and the Netherlands: A matched cohort study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2022; 43:719-727. [PMID: 35670618 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2021.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study whether replacement of nosocomial ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (ARE) clones by vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE), belonging to the same genetic lineages, increases mortality in patients with E. faecium bacteremia, and to evaluate whether any such increase is mediated by a delay in appropriate antibiotic therapy. DESIGN Retrospective, matched-cohort study. SETTING The study included 20 Dutch and Danish hospitals from 2009 to 2014. PATIENTS Within the study period, 63 patients with VRE bacteremia (36 Dutch and 27 Danish) were identified and subsequently matched to 234 patients with ARE bacteremia (130 Dutch and 104 Danish) for hospital, ward, length of hospital stay prior to bacteremia, and age. For all patients, 30-day mortality after bacteremia onset was assessed. METHODS The risk ratio (RR) reflecting the impact of vancomycin resistance on 30-day mortality was estimated using Cox regression with further analytic control for confounding factors. RESULTS The 30-day mortality rates were 27% and 38% for ARE in the Netherlands and Denmark, respectively, and the 30-day mortality rates were 33% and 48% for VRE in these respective countries. The adjusted RR for 30-day mortality for VRE was 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.25). Although appropriate antibiotic therapy was initiated later for VRE than for ARE bacteremia, further analysis did not reveal mediation of the increased mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS Compared to ARE bacteremia, VRE bacteremia was associated with higher 30-day mortality. One explanation for this association would be increased virulence of VRE, although both phenotypes belong to the same well-characterized core genomic lineage. Alternatively, it may be the result of unmeasured confounding.
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Chen H, Zhan Y, Zhang K, Gao Y, Chen L, Zhan J, Chen Z, Zeng Z. The Global, Regional, and National Burden and Trends of Infective Endocarditis From 1990 to 2019: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:774224. [PMID: 35355601 PMCID: PMC8959916 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.774224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infective endocarditis (IE) presents with increasing incidence and mortality in some regions and countries, as well as serious socioeconomic burden. The current study aims to compare and interpret the IE burden and temporal trends globally and in different regions from 1990 to 2019. Methods Data on the incidence, deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by IE were extracted and analyzed from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were adopted to quantify the change trends of age-standardized rates (ASRs). Besides, potential contributors of serious IE burden were also evaluated including age, gender, social-demographic index (SDI), and age-standardized incident rate (ASIR) in 1990. Results Globally, the number of IE cases and deaths has increased sharply during the past 30 years from 478,000 in 1990 to 1,090,530 in 2019 and from 28,750 in 1990 to 66,320 in 2019, and both presented an upward temporal trend annually (EAPC:1.2 for incidence and 0.71 for death). However, the EAPC of age-standardized DALYs demonstrated a negative temporal trend despite increasing DALYs from 1,118,120 in 1990 to 1,723,590 in 2019. Moreover, older patients and men were more severely affected. Meanwhile, different SDI regions had different disease burdens, and correlation analyses indicated that SDI presented a positive association with ASIR (R = 0.58, P < 0.0001), no association with age-standardized death rate (R = −0.06, P = 0.10), and a negative association with age-standardized DALYs (R = −0.40, P < 0.0001). In addition, the incidence of IE increased in most countries during the past 30 years (190 out of 204 countries). However, the change trends of deaths and DALYs were heterogeneous across regions and countries. Finally, we discovered positive associations of the EAPC of ASRs with the SDI in 2019 among 204 countries and territories but few associations with the ASIR in 1990. Conclusion Generally, the global burden of IE is increasing, and there is substantial heterogeneity in different genders, ages and regions, which may help policy-makers and medical staff respond to IE and formulate cost-effective interventional measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilong Chen
- Department and Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaimin Zhang
- Department of Medical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Gao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zirui Chen
- Second Clinical College, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhilin Zeng
- Department and Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Godijk NG, Bootsma MCJ, van Werkhoven HC, Schweitzer VA, de Greeff SC, Schoffelen AF, Bonten MJM. Does plasmid-based beta-lactam resistance increase E. coli infections: Modelling addition and replacement mechanisms. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009875. [PMID: 35286302 PMCID: PMC8947615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become more prevalent during past decades. Yet, it is unknown whether such infections occur in addition to infections with antibiotic-susceptible bacteria, thereby increasing the incidence of infections, or whether they replace such infections, leaving the total incidence unaffected. Observational longitudinal studies cannot separate both mechanisms. Using plasmid-based beta-lactam resistant E. coli as example we applied mathematical modelling to investigate whether seven biological mechanisms would lead to replacement or addition of infections. We use a mathematical neutral null model of individuals colonized with susceptible and/or resistant E. coli, with two mechanisms implying a fitness cost, i.e., increased clearance and decreased growth of resistant strains, and five mechanisms benefitting resistance, i.e., 1) increased virulence, 2) increased transmission, 3) decreased clearance of resistant strains, 4) increased rate of horizontal plasmid transfer, and 5) increased clearance of susceptible E. coli due to antibiotics. Each mechanism is modelled separately to estimate addition to or replacement of antibiotic-susceptible infections. Fitness costs cause resistant strains to die out if other strain characteristics are maintained equal. Under the assumptions tested, increased virulence is the only mechanism that increases the total number of infections. Other benefits of resistance lead to replacement of susceptible infections without changing the total number of infections. As there is no biological evidence that plasmid-based beta-lactam resistance increases virulence, these findings suggest that the burden of disease is determined by attributable effects of resistance rather than by an increase in the number of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje G. Godijk
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin C. J. Bootsma
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henri C. van Werkhoven
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Valentijn A. Schweitzer
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine C. de Greeff
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Annelot F. Schoffelen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marc J. M. Bonten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Genes in Enterococcus Species from Small Backyard Chicken Flocks. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030380. [PMID: 35326843 PMCID: PMC8944505 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Backyard birds are small flocks that are more common in developing countries. They are used for poultry meat and egg production. However, they are also implicated in the maintenance and transmission of several zoonotic diseases, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. Enterococci are one of the most common zoonotic bacteria. They colonize numerous body sites and cause a wide range of serious nosocomial infections in humans. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the diversity in Enterococcus spp. in healthy birds and to determine the occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR), multi-locus sequence types, and virulence genes and biofilm formation. From March 2019 to December 2020, cloacal swabs were collected from 15 healthy backyard broiler flocks. A total of 90 enterococci strains were recovered and classified according to the 16S rRNA sequence into Enterococcus faecalis (50%); Enterococcus faecium (33.33%), Enterococcus hirae (13.33%), and Enterococcus avium (3.33%). The isolates exhibited high resistance to tetracycline (55.6%), erythromycin (31.1%), and ampicillin (30%). However, all of the isolates were susceptible to linezolid. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was identified in 30 (33.3%) isolates. The enterococci AMR-associated genes ermB, ermA, tetM, tetL, vanA, cat, and pbp5 were identified in 24 (26.6%), 11 (12.2%), 39 (43.3%), 34 (37.7%), 1 (1.1%), 4 (4.4%), and 23 (25.5%) isolates, respectively. Of the 90 enterococci, 21 (23.3%), 27 (30%), and 36 (40%) isolates showed the presence of cylA, gelE, and agg virulence-associated genes, respectively. Seventy-three (81.1%) isolates exhibited biofilm formation. A statistically significant correlation was obtained for biofilm formation versus the MAR index and MDR. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) identified eleven and eight different STs for E. faecalis and E. faecium, respectively. Seven different rep-family plasmid genes (rep1–2, rep3, rep5–6, rep9, and rep11) were detected in the MDR enterococci. Two-thirds (20/30; 66.6%) of the enterococci were positive for one or two rep-families. In conclusion, the results show that healthy backyard chickens could act as a reservoir for MDR and virulent Enterococcus spp. Thus, an effective antimicrobial stewardship program and further studies using a One Health approach are required to investigate the role of backyard chickens as vectors for AMR transmission to humans.
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Song Y, Neff M, Gyarmati P. Challenges and advances in the diagnosis of bloodstream infection. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:311-314. [PMID: 35172600 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Song
- Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Michael Neff
- Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Peter Gyarmati
- Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
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Tauran PM, Djaharuddin I, Bahrun U, Nurulita A, Katu S, Muchtar F, Pelupessy NM, Hamers RL, Day NPJ, Arif M, Limmathurotsakul D. Excess mortality attributable to antimicrobial-resistant bacterial bloodstream infection at a tertiary-care hospital in Indonesia. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000830. [PMID: 36962470 PMCID: PMC10021607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The burden of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is largely unknown. Here, we evaluate attributable mortality of AMR infections in Indonesia. We used routine databases of the microbiology laboratory and hospital admission at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, a tertiary-care hospital in South Sulawesi from 2015 to 2018. Of 77,752 hospitalized patients, 8,341 (10.7%) had at least one blood culture taken. Among patients with bacteriologically confirmed bloodstream infections (BSI), the proportions of patients with AMR BSI were 78% (81/104) for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCR) Escherichia coli, 4% (4/104) for 3GCR plus carbapenem-resistant E. coli, 56% (96/171) for 3GCR Klebsiella pneumoniae, 25% (43/171) for 3GCR plus carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, 51% (124/245) for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 48% (82/171) for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp., and 19% (13/68) for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Observed in-hospital mortality of patients with AMR BSI was 49.7% (220/443). Compared with patients with antimicrobial-susceptible BSI and adjusted for potential confounders, the excess mortality attributable to AMR BSI was -0.01 (95% CI: -15.4, 15.4) percentage points. Compared with patients without a BSI with a target pathogen and adjusted for potential confounders, the excess mortality attributable to AMR BSI was 29.7 (95%CI: 26.1, 33.2) percentage points. This suggests that if all the AMR BSI were replaced by no infection, 130 (95%CI: 114, 145) deaths among 443 patients with AMR BSI might have been prevented. In conclusion, the burden of AMR infections in Indonesian hospitals is likely high. Similar large-scale evaluations should be performed across LMICs to inform interventions to mitigate AMR-associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Tauran
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Irawaty Djaharuddin
- Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Uleng Bahrun
- Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Asvin Nurulita
- Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Sudirman Katu
- Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Faisal Muchtar
- Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Ninny Meutia Pelupessy
- Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Raph L Hamers
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Niholas P J Day
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mansyur Arif
- Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Holmbom M, Andersson M, Berg S, Eklund D, Sobczynski P, Wilhelms D, Moberg A, Fredrikson M, Balkhed ÅÖ, Hanberger H. Prehospital delay is an important risk factor for mortality in community-acquired bloodstream infection (CA-BSI): a matched case-control study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052582. [PMID: 34794994 PMCID: PMC8603295 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify prehospital and early hospital risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with blood culture-confirmed community-acquired bloodstream infection (CA-BSI) in Sweden. METHODS A retrospective case-control study of 1624 patients with CA-BSI (2015-2016), 195 non-survivors satisfying the inclusion criteria were matched 1:1 with 195 survivors for age, gender and microorganism. All forms of contact with a healthcare provider for symptoms of infection within 7 days prior CA-BSI episode were registered. Logistic regression was used to analyse risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality. RESULTS Of the 390 patients, 61% (115 non-survivors and 121 survivors) sought prehospital contact. The median time from first prehospital contact till hospital admission was 13 hours (6-52) for non-survivors and 7 hours (3-24) for survivors (p<0.01). Several risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality were identified: prehospital delay OR=1.26 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.47), p<0.01; severity of illness (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score) OR=1.60 (95% CI: 1.40 to 1.83), p<0.01; comorbidity score (updated Charlson Index) OR=1.13 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.22), p<0.01 and inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy OR=3.92 (95% CI: 1.64 to 9.33), p<0.01. In a multivariable model, prehospital delay >24 hours from first contact remained an important risk factor for 30-day all-cause mortality due to CA-BSI OR=6.17 (95% CI: 2.19 to 17.38), p<0.01. CONCLUSION Prehospital delay and inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy were found to be important risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality associated with CA-BSI. Increased awareness and earlier detection of BSI in prehospital and early hospital care is critical for rapid initiation of adequate management and antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holmbom
- Department of Urology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sören Berg
- Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medicine and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dan Eklund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Sobczynski
- Department of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Wilhelms
- Department of Emergency Medicine in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Moberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Mats Fredrikson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Forum Östergötland, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Åse Östholm Balkhed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hanberger
- Department of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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27
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Nielsen LE, Nguyen K, Wahl CK, Huss JL, Chang D, Ager EP, Hamilton L. Initial Specimen Diversion Device® Reduces Blood Culture Contamination and Vancomycin Use in Academic Medical Center. J Hosp Infect 2021; 120:127-133. [PMID: 34780808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In suspected bloodstream infections, accurate blood culture results are critical to timely diagnoses and appropriate antibiotic administration. AIM An Initial Specimen Diversion Device®, Steripath®, (Magnolia Medical Technologies, Seattle, WA) was evaluated for efficacy in reducing blood culture contamination at Brooke Army Medical Center (6.8% six-month contamination rate prior to intervention) in a six-month quality improvement project. METHODS Blood cultures in the emergency department were collected using either Steripath® or the standard method. 20 mL of blood was cultured into an aerobic and anaerobic medium and incubated for five days using an automated microbial detection system immediately after collection. Positive bottles were Gram stained and plated. Rapid molecular PCR identification was performed on all first positive bottles within a blood culture set for each admission or ED visit. Speciation was deduced during antimicrobial sensitivity testing using the Vitek-2 instrument. FINDINGS Seven (7/1016, 0.69%) contamination events occurred when using Steripath® vs. 53 (53/800, 6.6%) contamination events when using the standard method. Steripath® use was associated with a 90% lower incidence of blood culture contamination vs. the standard method. Post-study, Steripath® use was implemented as standard practice hospital-wide, and a retrospective data analysis attributed a 31.4% decrease in vancomycin days of therapy to Steripath® adoption. CONCLUSION Using Steripath® significantly decreased blood culture contamination events for bacterial bloodstream infections compared to the standard method. Subsequent adoption of Steripath® reduced overall vancomycin usage. With widescale implementation Steripath® could bolster antibiotic stewardship, mitigating antibiotic resistance caused by unnecessary antibacterial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Area Laboratory Services, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ken Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Area Laboratory Services, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Clinton K Wahl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Jodi L Huss
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Edward P Ager
- Department of Pathology and Area Laboratory Services, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Lynette Hamilton
- Department of Pathology and Area Laboratory Services, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX
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Egi M, Ogura H, Yatabe T, Atagi K, Inoue S, Iba T, Kakihana Y, Kawasaki T, Kushimoto S, Kuroda Y, Kotani J, Shime N, Taniguchi T, Tsuruta R, Doi K, Doi M, Nakada TA, Nakane M, Fujishima S, Hosokawa N, Masuda Y, Matsushima A, Matsuda N, Yamakawa K, Hara Y, Sakuraya M, Ohshimo S, Aoki Y, Inada M, Umemura Y, Kawai Y, Kondo Y, Saito H, Taito S, Takeda C, Terayama T, Tohira H, Hashimoto H, Hayashida K, Hifumi T, Hirose T, Fukuda T, Fujii T, Miura S, Yasuda H, Abe T, Andoh K, Iida Y, Ishihara T, Ide K, Ito K, Ito Y, Inata Y, Utsunomiya A, Unoki T, Endo K, Ouchi A, Ozaki M, Ono S, Katsura M, Kawaguchi A, Kawamura Y, Kudo D, Kubo K, Kurahashi K, Sakuramoto H, Shimoyama A, Suzuki T, Sekine S, Sekino M, Takahashi N, Takahashi S, Takahashi H, Tagami T, Tajima G, Tatsumi H, Tani M, Tsuchiya A, Tsutsumi Y, Naito T, Nagae M, Nagasawa I, Nakamura K, Nishimura T, Nunomiya S, Norisue Y, Hashimoto S, Hasegawa D, Hatakeyama J, Hara N, Higashibeppu N, Furushima N, Furusono H, Matsuishi Y, Matsuyama T, Minematsu Y, Miyashita R, Miyatake Y, Moriyasu M, Yamada T, Yamada H, Yamamoto R, Yoshida T, Yoshida Y, Yoshimura J, Yotsumoto R, Yonekura H, Wada T, Watanabe E, Aoki M, Asai H, Abe T, Igarashi Y, Iguchi N, Ishikawa M, Ishimaru G, Isokawa S, Itakura R, Imahase H, Imura H, Irinoda T, Uehara K, Ushio N, Umegaki T, Egawa Y, Enomoto Y, Ota K, Ohchi Y, Ohno T, Ohbe H, Oka K, Okada N, Okada Y, Okano H, Okamoto J, Okuda H, Ogura T, Onodera Y, Oyama Y, Kainuma M, Kako E, Kashiura M, Kato H, Kanaya A, Kaneko T, Kanehata K, Kano KI, Kawano H, Kikutani K, Kikuchi H, Kido T, Kimura S, Koami H, Kobashi D, Saiki I, Sakai M, Sakamoto A, Sato T, Shiga Y, Shimoto M, Shimoyama S, Shoko T, Sugawara Y, Sugita A, Suzuki S, Suzuki Y, Suhara T, Sonota K, Takauji S, Takashima K, Takahashi S, Takahashi Y, Takeshita J, Tanaka Y, Tampo A, Tsunoyama T, Tetsuhara K, Tokunaga K, Tomioka Y, Tomita K, Tominaga N, Toyosaki M, Toyoda Y, Naito H, Nagata I, Nagato T, Nakamura Y, Nakamori Y, Nahara I, Naraba H, Narita C, Nishioka N, Nishimura T, Nishiyama K, Nomura T, Haga T, Hagiwara Y, Hashimoto K, Hatachi T, Hamasaki T, Hayashi T, Hayashi M, Hayamizu A, Haraguchi G, Hirano Y, Fujii R, Fujita M, Fujimura N, Funakoshi H, Horiguchi M, Maki J, Masunaga N, Matsumura Y, Mayumi T, Minami K, Miyazaki Y, Miyamoto K, Murata T, Yanai M, Yano T, Yamada K, Yamada N, Yamamoto T, Yoshihiro S, Tanaka H, Nishida O. The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020). J Intensive Care 2021; 9:53. [PMID: 34433491 PMCID: PMC8384927 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-021-00555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020), a Japanese-specific set of clinical practice guidelines for sepsis and septic shock created as revised from J-SSCG 2016 jointly by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, was first released in September 2020 and published in February 2021. An English-language version of these guidelines was created based on the contents of the original Japanese-language version. The purpose of this guideline is to assist medical staff in making appropriate decisions to improve the prognosis of patients undergoing treatment for sepsis and septic shock. We aimed to provide high-quality guidelines that are easy to use and understand for specialists, general clinicians, and multidisciplinary medical professionals. J-SSCG 2016 took up new subjects that were not present in SSCG 2016 (e.g., ICU-acquired weakness [ICU-AW], post-intensive care syndrome [PICS], and body temperature management). The J-SSCG 2020 covered a total of 22 areas with four additional new areas (patient- and family-centered care, sepsis treatment system, neuro-intensive treatment, and stress ulcers). A total of 118 important clinical issues (clinical questions, CQs) were extracted regardless of the presence or absence of evidence. These CQs also include those that have been given particular focus within Japan. This is a large-scale guideline covering multiple fields; thus, in addition to the 25 committee members, we had the participation and support of a total of 226 members who are professionals (physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, clinical engineers, and pharmacists) and medical workers with a history of sepsis or critical illness. The GRADE method was adopted for making recommendations, and the modified Delphi method was used to determine recommendations by voting from all committee members.As a result, 79 GRADE-based recommendations, 5 Good Practice Statements (GPS), 18 expert consensuses, 27 answers to background questions (BQs), and summaries of definitions and diagnosis of sepsis were created as responses to 118 CQs. We also incorporated visual information for each CQ according to the time course of treatment, and we will also distribute this as an app. The J-SSCG 2020 is expected to be widely used as a useful bedside guideline in the field of sepsis treatment both in Japan and overseas involving multiple disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritoki Egi
- Department of Surgery Related, Division of Anesthesiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho 7-5-2, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Medical School, Yamadaoka 2-15, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Yatabe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Atagi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Nara Prefectural General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Inoue
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kakihana
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kawasaki
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kushimoto
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuroda
- Department of Emergency, Disaster, and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Joji Kotani
- Department of Surgery Related, Division of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shime
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takumi Taniguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tsuruta
- Acute and General Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kent Doi
- Department of Acute Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matsuyuki Doi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Nakada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakane
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Seitaro Fujishima
- Center for General Medicine Education, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Hosokawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Masuda
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asako Matsushima
- Department of Advancing Acute Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yamakawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sakuraya
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hatsukaichi, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ohshimo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Aoki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mai Inada
- Member of Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Umemura
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawai
- Department of Nursing, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kondo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saito
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Taito
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Support and Practice, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chikashi Takeda
- Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takero Terayama
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine/Infectious Disease, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Kei Hayashida
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Toru Hifumi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Fukuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujii
- Intensive Care Unit, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Miura
- The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hideto Yasuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Abe
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tsukuba Memorial Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kohkichi Andoh
- Division of Anesthesiology, Division of Intensive Care, Division of Emergency and Critical Care, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Iida
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi Sozo University, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishihara
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ide
- Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Ito
- Department of General Pediatrics, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ito
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Yu Inata
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Akemi Utsunomiya
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Unoki
- Department of Acute and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Sapporo City University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Endo
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ouchi
- College of Nursing, Ibaraki Christian University, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ozaki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ono
- Gastroenterological Center, Shinkuki General Hospital, Kuki, Japan
| | | | | | - Yusuke Kawamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Showa General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Kubo
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoyasu Kurahashi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita, Japan
| | | | - Akira Shimoyama
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shusuke Sekine
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sekino
- Division of Intensive Care, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sei Takahashi
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CiRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, Japan
| | - Takashi Tagami
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Goro Tajima
- Nagasaki University Hospital Acute and Critical Care Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Tatsumi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanori Tani
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Asuka Tsuchiya
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsumi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takaki Naito
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nagae
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Nishimura
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin Nunomiya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Intensive Care, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Norisue
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Satoru Hashimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Junji Hatakeyama
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hara
- Department of Pharmacy, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoki Higashibeppu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Nutrition Support Team, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe City Hospital Organization, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nana Furushima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Furusono
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Tsukuba Hospital/Exult Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yujiro Matsuishi
- Doctoral program in Clinical Sciences. Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tasuku Matsuyama
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Minematsu
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Miyashita
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyatake
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Moriyasu
- Division of Respiratory Care and Rapid Response System, Intensive Care Center, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Toru Yamada
- Department of Nursing, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuhei Yoshida
- Nursing Department, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yoshimura
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Yonekura
- Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eizo Watanabe
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Togane, Japan
| | - Makoto Aoki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hideki Asai
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takakuni Abe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Oita University Hospital, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yutaka Igarashi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Iguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masami Ishikawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kure Kyosai Hospital, Kure, Japan
| | - Go Ishimaru
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Soka Municipal Hospital, Soka, Japan
| | - Shutaro Isokawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Itakura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Imahase
- Department of Biomedical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Imura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Uehara
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center, Iwakuni, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ushio
- Advanced Medical Emergency Department and Critical Care Center, Japan Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Umegaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yuko Egawa
- Advanced Emergency and Critical Care Center, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Enomoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kohei Ota
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ohchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Oita University Hospital, Yufu, Japan
| | - Takanori Ohno
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohbe
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nobunaga Okada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Primary care and Emergency medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Okano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Okamoto
- Department of ER, Hashimoto Municipal Hospital, Hashimoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okuda
- Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogura
- Tochigi prefectural Emergency and Critical Care Center, Imperial Gift Foundation Saiseikai, Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Yu Onodera
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuhta Oyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dialysis Center, Kichijoji Asahi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoshi Kainuma
- Anesthesiology, Emergency Medicine, and Intensive Care Division, Inazawa Municipal Hospital, Inazawa, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kako
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nagoya-City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kashiura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kanaya
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaneko
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Keita Kanehata
- Advanced Medical Emergency Department and Critical Care Center, Japan Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kano
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Onga Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikutani
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kido
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sho Kimura
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koami
- Center for Translational Injury Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Daisuke Kobashi
- Advanced Medical Emergency Department and Critical Care Center, Japan Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Iwao Saiki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Sakai
- Department of General Medicine Shintakeo Hospital, Takeo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sato
- Tohoku University Hospital Emergency Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shiga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Joint Function and Reconstructive Spine Surgery, Graduate school of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manabu Shimoto
- Department of Primary care and Emergency medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Shimoyama
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Shibukawa, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Shoko
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoh Sugawara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsunori Sugita
- Department of Acute Medicine, Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Intensive Care, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Suhara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sonota
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhei Takauji
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Takashima
- Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuyama City Hospital, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Yoko Takahashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Koga General Hospital, Koga, Japan
| | - Jun Takeshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Yuuki Tanaka
- Fukuoka Prefectural Psychiatric Center, Dazaifu Hospital, Dazaifu, Japan
| | - Akihito Tampo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Taichiro Tsunoyama
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tetsuhara
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tokunaga
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tomioka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Todachuo General Hospital, Toda, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tomita
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Tominaga
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu Toyosaki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Toyoda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Naito
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Isao Nagata
- Intensive Care Unit, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nagato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Yamate Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakamura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamori
- Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Isao Nahara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromu Naraba
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Narita
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishioka
- Department of Preventive Services, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishimura
- Advanced Medical Emergency Department and Critical Care Center, Japan Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kei Nishiyama
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nomura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Haga
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Hashimoto
- Research Associate of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatachi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hamasaki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Society Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Hayashi
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minoru Hayashi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Atsuki Hayamizu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saitama Saiseikai Kurihashi Hospital, Kuki, Japan
| | - Go Haraguchi
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Hirano
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujii
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Tochigi Prefectural Emergency and Critical Care Center, Imperial Foundation Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Motoki Fujita
- Acute and General Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Fujimura
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Our Lady of the Snow Social Medical Corporation, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiraku Funakoshi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Masahito Horiguchi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Maki
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Masunaga
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumura
- Department of Intensive Care, Chiba Emergency Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Mayumi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Municipal Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Minami
- Ishikawa Prefectual Central Hospital Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuya Miyazaki
- Department of Emergency and General Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Kawaguchi General Hospital, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Miyamoto
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Murata
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Machi Yanai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takao Yano
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yamamoto
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Nara Prefectural General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Shodai Yoshihiro
- Pharmaceutical Department, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hatsukaichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Patel A, Lighter J, Fulmer Y, Copin R, Ratner AJ, Shopsin B. Retapamulin Activity Against Pediatric Strains of Mupirocin-resistant Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:637-638. [PMID: 33657598 PMCID: PMC8713557 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Retapamulin activity against 53 isolates obtained from a mupirocin-resistant community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pediatric disease cluster was evaluated using broth microdilution. All strains were susceptible to retapamulin with minimum inhibitory concentrations ≤ 0.5 μg/mL. DNA sequence analysis of rplC and cfr identified one rplC strain variant that did not demonstrate reduced phenotypic susceptibility to retapamulin. These results demonstrate that retapamulin may be a useful alternative therapy for mupirocin-resistant community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus, especially in disease clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer Lighter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Yi Fulmer
- Department of Microbiology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Richard Copin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Adam J. Ratner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Bo Shopsin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
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The New Challenge for Heart Endocarditis: From Conventional Prosthesis to New Devices and Platforms for the Treatment of Structural Heart Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7302165. [PMID: 34222484 PMCID: PMC8219429 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7302165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a sinister condition with considerable morbidity and mortality. Its relevance in the current era is compounded by the increased use of implanted devices such as replacement valves or cardiac implantable electronic devices. These infections are caused by multiple different bacteria with different virulence, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance. Unlike in native endocarditis, the presence of foreign tissue permits sustenance by inflammatory and thrombotic processes as the artificial surfaces promote inflammatory responses and hypercoagulability. Prevention of these infections has been suggested with the use of homografts in combination with antibiotics. Others have attempted to use "low fouling coats" with little clinical success thus far. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis plays a pivotal part in reducing the incidence of prosthesis-related endocarditis. This remains especially crucial with the increasing use of transcatheter heart valve therapies. The widespread use of cardiac implantable electronic devices such as permanent pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices has also heralded a noticeable increase in cases of infectious endocarditis affecting complex equipment which can be difficult to treat. Multimodality strategies are needed with input from surgeons and cardiologists to ensure treatment is both prompt and successful, tailored to the individual needs of the patients.
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Threats of antibiotic resistance: an obliged reappraisal. Int Microbiol 2021; 24:499-506. [PMID: 34028624 PMCID: PMC8141826 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We are living in a society of fear, where the objectivity in estimating risks is distorted by the media and the interested parties. During more than half of a century, the feeling of antibiotic resistance as an apocalyptic phenomenon able to push our society to the high mortality rates caused by infectious diseases in the dark pre-antibiotic ages has been steadily rising. However, at the current status of modern medicine, at least in the high-medium income countries, mortality by lack of efficacy of the antibiotic armamentarium in the therapy of infections is a problem, but not a catastrophe. The threat of antibiotic resistance has many other aspects than failures of therapy in the individual patient. Among them, the increase in the frequency of severe and potentially lethal infections, as bacteremia, the population biology alterations of the healthy microbiota, the global acceleration of bacterial evolution by selecting natural genetic tools mediating microbial interactions, and, most importantly, by modifying the equilibrium and composition of environmental microbial communities. All these threats have huge implications for human health as members of a Biosphere entirely rooted in a menaced microbiosphere.
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Wu L, Wu ZC, Todosiichuk T, Korneva O. Nosocomial Infections: Pathogenicity, Resistance and Novel Antimicrobials. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2021.5.2.228970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The fight against the spread of infectious diseases creates the problem of resistance to pathogens and the most resistant of them – the propagators of nosocomial infections – are formed in hospitals because of a number of reasons. The solution of the problem lies in different areas, but the search of new effective means for the treatment of such diseases remains relevant right today. The shortest way to do this is to find the "pain points" of the pathogens themselves, i.e. the factors of their pathogenicity and resistance to which the action of novel antiseptics should be directed.
Objective. We aimed to analyse and evaluate the main factors of pathogenicity and resistance of pathogens of nosocomial infections to determine modern approaches to the development of novel antimicrobials.
Methods. Search and systematization of new scientific data and results concerning pathogenic factors of microbial pathogens that can be used as targets for the action of drugs.
Results. Over the last 10–20 years, due to the development of new research methods in biology, it has become possible to clarify the features and additional conditions for the detection of pathogenic factors of nosocomial infections. Additional mechanisms of manifestation of resistance, adhesiveness, invasiveness, transmission of signs, secretion of toxins by pathogens are shownthat determines the general increase of their resistance to the action of currently used means. The general idea of creating antiseptics that will not increase the resistance of pathogens can now be implemented by using substances with multidirectional or indirect mechanisms of action that minimally affect the metabolism of the cell and significantly reduce its resistance and pathogenicity.
Conclusions. Factors of pathogenicity of propagators of nosocomial infections and mechanisms of their implementation can be considered as the main targets for the action of novel antiseptics that will inhibit the spread of pathogens without increasing their resistance. The promising substances for such drugs, among other things, are bacteriophages and their modifications, enzybiotics, immunobiotics, autoinducer inhibitors, quorum sensing-system inhibitors, b-lactamase inhibitors and others. Some of these substances in combination with the new generation of antibiotics significantly enhance their effectiveness and together they are able to overcome the resistance of even multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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de Kraker MEA, Lipsitch M. Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance: Compared to What? Epidemiol Rev 2021; 43:53-64. [PMID: 33710259 PMCID: PMC8763122 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased focus on the public health burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) raises conceptual challenges, such as determining how much harm multidrug-resistant organisms do compared to what, or how to establish the burden. Here, we present a counterfactual framework and provide guidance to harmonize methodologies and optimize study quality. In AMR-burden studies, 2 counterfactual approaches have been applied: the harm of drug-resistant infections relative to the harm of the same drug-susceptible infections (the susceptible-infection counterfactual); and the total harm of drug-resistant infections relative to a situation where such infections were prevented (the no-infection counterfactual). We propose to use an intervention-based causal approach to determine the most appropriate counterfactual. We show that intervention scenarios, species of interest, and types of infections influence the choice of counterfactual. We recommend using purpose-designed cohort studies to apply this counterfactual framework, whereby the selection of cohorts (patients with drug-resistant, drug-susceptible infections, and those with no infection) should be based on matching on time to infection through exposure density sampling to avoid biased estimates. Application of survival methods is preferred, considering competing events. We conclude by advocating estimation of the burden of AMR by using the no-infection and susceptible-infection counterfactuals. The resulting numbers will provide policy-relevant information about the upper and lower bound of future interventions designed to control AMR. The counterfactuals should be applied in cohort studies, whereby selection of the unexposed cohorts should be based on exposure density sampling, applying methods avoiding time-dependent bias and confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlieke E A de Kraker
- Correspondence to Dr. Marlieke E.A. de Kraker, Infection Control Program, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil 4, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland (e-mail: )
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Qu J, Feng C, Li H, Lv X. Antibiotic strategies and clinical outcomes for patients with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 57:106284. [PMID: 33484833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection (CRGNB-BSI) has become a rapidly growing global threat with limited antibiotic options and significant mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the antibiotic strategies and clinical outcomes of patients with CRGNB-BSI in Western China. We retrospectively investigated the demographic, microbiological and clinical characteristics of 355 patients with CRGNB-BSI from 2012-2017. Treatment failure and 28-day in-hospital mortality rates were 49.3% (175/355) and 23.7% (84/355), respectively. The most frequently isolated micro-organism was Acinetobacter baumannii (58.6%; 208/355). Patients with treatment failure had higher procalcitonin and interleukin-6 levels (P < 0.05). High-dosage tigecycline therapy (200 mg loading dose followed by 100 mg every 12 h) was not superior to standard tigecycline dosing (P > 0.05). Multivariable analysis revealed that multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (OR = 2.226, 95% CI 1.376-3.602; P = 0.001) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR = 3.116, 95% CI 1.905-5.097; P = 0.000) were independent risk factors for treatment failure, whereas monotherapy (OR = 0.386, 95% CI 0.203-0.735; P = 0.004) had a protective effect. Survival analysis revealed that inappropriate therapy, MODS and ICU admission were associated with a higher 28-day in-hospital mortality rate (P < 0.001). Combination antimicrobial therapy was not superior to monotherapy (P = 0.387). This study demonstrates that appropriate therapy is significantly associated with lower treatment failure and 28-day in-hospital mortality rates. Tigecycline might not be a suitable option for CRGBN-BSI. Patients with MODS and admitted to the ICU had poor clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Qu
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunlu Feng
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan Li
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoju Lv
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Dramowski A, Ong'ayo G, Rehman AM, Whitelaw A, Labi AK, Obeng-Nkrumah N, Ndir A, Magwenzi MT, Onyedibe K, Wolkewitz M, de Kraker MEA, Scott JAG, Aiken AM. Mortality attributable to third-generation cephalosporin resistance in Gram-negative bloodstream infections in African hospitals: a multi-site retrospective study. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3:dlaa130. [PMID: 34223079 PMCID: PMC8210247 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by Enterobacteriaceae show increasing frequency of resistance to third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) antibiotics on the African continent but the mortality impact has not been quantified. Methods We used historic data from six African hospitals to assess the impact of 3GC resistance on clinical outcomes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae BSI. We matched each bacteraemic patient to two uninfected patients. We compared outcomes between 3GC-susceptible and 3GC-resistant BSI and their respective uninfected controls using Cox regression models. Results For 1431 E. coli BSI patients, we matched 1152 (81%) 3GC-susceptible and 279 (19%) 3GC-resistant cases to 2263 and 546 uninfected inpatient controls. For 1368 K. pneumoniae BSI patients, we matched 502 (37%) 3GC-susceptible and 866 (63%) 3GC-resistant cases to 982 and 1656 uninfected inpatient controls. We found that 3GC-resistant E. coli had similar hazard ratios (HRs) for in-hospital mortality over their matched controls as compared to susceptible infections over their controls (ratio of HRs 1.03, 95% CI 0.73–1.46). Similarly, 3GC-resistance in K. pneumoniae BSI was not associated with mortality (ratio of HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.80–1.52). Estimates of mortality impact varied by site without a consistent pattern. Conclusions In a retrospective analysis, including the use of matched uninfected patients, there did not appear to be an impact of 3GC-resistance on mortality in E. coli or K. pneumoniae BSI in African hospitals, as compared with susceptible BSI with equivalent species. Better information on the actual use of antibiotics in treating infections in African hospitals would improve these impact estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dramowski
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerald Ong'ayo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Andrea M Rehman
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew Whitelaw
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Appiah-Korang Labi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana and Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Noah Obeng-Nkrumah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Awa Ndir
- Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal and Infection Control Africa Network, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marcelyn T Magwenzi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kenneth Onyedibe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Martin Wolkewitz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - J Anthony G Scott
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alexander M Aiken
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Egi M, Ogura H, Yatabe T, Atagi K, Inoue S, Iba T, Kakihana Y, Kawasaki T, Kushimoto S, Kuroda Y, Kotani J, Shime N, Taniguchi T, Tsuruta R, Doi K, Doi M, Nakada T, Nakane M, Fujishima S, Hosokawa N, Masuda Y, Matsushima A, Matsuda N, Yamakawa K, Hara Y, Sakuraya M, Ohshimo S, Aoki Y, Inada M, Umemura Y, Kawai Y, Kondo Y, Saito H, Taito S, Takeda C, Terayama T, Tohira H, Hashimoto H, Hayashida K, Hifumi T, Hirose T, Fukuda T, Fujii T, Miura S, Yasuda H, Abe T, Andoh K, Iida Y, Ishihara T, Ide K, Ito K, Ito Y, Inata Y, Utsunomiya A, Unoki T, Endo K, Ouchi A, Ozaki M, Ono S, Katsura M, Kawaguchi A, Kawamura Y, Kudo D, Kubo K, Kurahashi K, Sakuramoto H, Shimoyama A, Suzuki T, Sekine S, Sekino M, Takahashi N, Takahashi S, Takahashi H, Tagami T, Tajima G, Tatsumi H, Tani M, Tsuchiya A, Tsutsumi Y, Naito T, Nagae M, Nagasawa I, Nakamura K, Nishimura T, Nunomiya S, Norisue Y, Hashimoto S, Hasegawa D, Hatakeyama J, Hara N, Higashibeppu N, Furushima N, Furusono H, Matsuishi Y, Matsuyama T, Minematsu Y, Miyashita R, Miyatake Y, Moriyasu M, Yamada T, Yamada H, Yamamoto R, Yoshida T, Yoshida Y, Yoshimura J, Yotsumoto R, Yonekura H, Wada T, Watanabe E, Aoki M, Asai H, Abe T, Igarashi Y, Iguchi N, Ishikawa M, Ishimaru G, Isokawa S, Itakura R, Imahase H, Imura H, Irinoda T, Uehara K, Ushio N, Umegaki T, Egawa Y, Enomoto Y, Ota K, Ohchi Y, Ohno T, Ohbe H, Oka K, Okada N, Okada Y, Okano H, Okamoto J, Okuda H, Ogura T, Onodera Y, Oyama Y, Kainuma M, Kako E, Kashiura M, Kato H, Kanaya A, Kaneko T, Kanehata K, Kano K, Kawano H, Kikutani K, Kikuchi H, Kido T, Kimura S, Koami H, Kobashi D, Saiki I, Sakai M, Sakamoto A, Sato T, Shiga Y, Shimoto M, Shimoyama S, Shoko T, Sugawara Y, Sugita A, Suzuki S, Suzuki Y, Suhara T, Sonota K, Takauji S, Takashima K, Takahashi S, Takahashi Y, Takeshita J, Tanaka Y, Tampo A, Tsunoyama T, Tetsuhara K, Tokunaga K, Tomioka Y, Tomita K, Tominaga N, Toyosaki M, Toyoda Y, Naito H, Nagata I, Nagato T, Nakamura Y, Nakamori Y, Nahara I, Naraba H, Narita C, Nishioka N, Nishimura T, Nishiyama K, Nomura T, Haga T, Hagiwara Y, Hashimoto K, Hatachi T, Hamasaki T, Hayashi T, Hayashi M, Hayamizu A, Haraguchi G, Hirano Y, Fujii R, Fujita M, Fujimura N, Funakoshi H, Horiguchi M, Maki J, Masunaga N, Matsumura Y, Mayumi T, Minami K, Miyazaki Y, Miyamoto K, Murata T, Yanai M, Yano T, Yamada K, Yamada N, Yamamoto T, Yoshihiro S, Tanaka H, Nishida O. The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020). Acute Med Surg 2021; 8:e659. [PMID: 34484801 PMCID: PMC8390911 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020), a Japanese-specific set of clinical practice guidelines for sepsis and septic shock created as revised from J-SSCG 2016 jointly by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, was first released in September 2020 and published in February 2021. An English-language version of these guidelines was created based on the contents of the original Japanese-language version. The purpose of this guideline is to assist medical staff in making appropriate decisions to improve the prognosis of patients undergoing treatment for sepsis and septic shock. We aimed to provide high-quality guidelines that are easy to use and understand for specialists, general clinicians, and multidisciplinary medical professionals. J-SSCG 2016 took up new subjects that were not present in SSCG 2016 (e.g., ICU-acquired weakness [ICU-AW], post-intensive care syndrome [PICS], and body temperature management). The J-SSCG 2020 covered a total of 22 areas with four additional new areas (patient- and family-centered care, sepsis treatment system, neuro-intensive treatment, and stress ulcers). A total of 118 important clinical issues (clinical questions, CQs) were extracted regardless of the presence or absence of evidence. These CQs also include those that have been given particular focus within Japan. This is a large-scale guideline covering multiple fields; thus, in addition to the 25 committee members, we had the participation and support of a total of 226 members who are professionals (physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, clinical engineers, and pharmacists) and medical workers with a history of sepsis or critical illness. The GRADE method was adopted for making recommendations, and the modified Delphi method was used to determine recommendations by voting from all committee members. As a result, 79 GRADE-based recommendations, 5 Good Practice Statements (GPS), 18 expert consensuses, 27 answers to background questions (BQs), and summaries of definitions and diagnosis of sepsis were created as responses to 118 CQs. We also incorporated visual information for each CQ according to the time course of treatment, and we will also distribute this as an app. The J-SSCG 2020 is expected to be widely used as a useful bedside guideline in the field of sepsis treatment both in Japan and overseas involving multiple disciplines.
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Piezzi V, Gasser M, Atkinson A, Kronenberg A, Vuichard-Gysin D, Harbarth S, Marschall J, Buetti N. Increasing proportion of vancomycin-resistance among enterococcal bacteraemias in Switzerland: a 6-year nation-wide surveillance, 2013 to 2018. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 32885778 PMCID: PMC7472687 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.35.1900575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), mostly Enterococcus faecium, are multidrug-resistant microorganisms that can cause nosocomial infections. VRE has increased throughout many European countries, but data from Switzerland are scarce. Aim The aim of this work was to characterise the epidemiology of enterococcal bacteraemias in Switzerland with a focus on VRE. Methods In this observational study, we retrospectively investigated bacteraemias from 81 healthcare institutions from January 2013 to December 2018 using data from the Swiss Centre for Antibiotic Resistance. Only the first blood isolate with E. faecalis or E. faecium from an individual patient was considered. We analysed the annual incidences of enterococcal bacteraemias and determined the proportion of VRE over time. We also assessed epidemiological factors potentially associated with VRE bacteraemia. Results We identified 5,369 enterococcal bacteraemias, of which 3,196 (59.5%) were due to E. faecalis and 2,173 (40.5%) to E. faecium. The incidence of enterococcal bacteraemias increased by 3.2% per year (95% confidential interval (CI): 1.6–4.8%), predominantly due to a substantial increase in E. faecalis bacteraemic episodes. Vancomycin resistance affected 30 (1.4%) E. faecium and one E. faecalis bacteraemic episodes. Among all E. faecium bacteraemias, the proportion of vancomycin-resistant isolates increased steadily from 2013 to 2018 (2% per year; 95% CI: 1.5–2.9%). No independent epidemiological factor for higher prevalence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium bacteraemias was identified. Conclusions Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium bacteraemias remain infrequent in Switzerland. However, an important increase was observed between 2013 and 2018, highlighting the need for implementing active surveillance and targeted prevention strategies in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Piezzi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Gasser
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Atkinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kronenberg
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vuichard-Gysin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Muensterlingen, Thurgau Hospital Group, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Programme, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Marschall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Niccolò Buetti
- IAME, DeSCID team, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Infection Control Programme, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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- The members of the advisory board of ANRESIS are acknowledged at the end of the article
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- The members of Swissnoso are acknowledged at the end of the article
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Zhang S, He Y, Li F, Lin S, Yang B, Mo S, Li H, Wang J, Qi C, Hu Z, Zhang Y. Bioassay-Directed Isolation of Antibacterial Metabolites from an Arthropod-Derived Penicillium chrysogenum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3397-3403. [PMID: 33089690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-directed isolation of secondary metabolites from an extract of Penicillium chrysogenum TJ403-CA4 isolated from the medicinally valuable arthropod Cryptotympana atrata afforded five new and 10 known compounds (1-15). All the compounds (except 14) belong to a minor class of highly rigid 6-5-5-5-fused tetracyclic cyclopiane-type diterpenes known to be exclusively produced by members of the Penicillium genus. The structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds (1-5) were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including HRESIMS and 1D and 2D NMR, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and comparison of the experimental electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the first examples of cyclopianes bearing a C-20 carboxyl group; compound 3 represents the first example of a cyclopiane with a gem-hydroxymethyl group; compound 4 represents the second example of a cyclopiane bearing a hydroxy group at C-7; compound 5 represents the first example of a cyclopiane bearing a hydroxy group at C-8. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited activity against MRSA, with MIC values of 4.0 and 2.0 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the structure-antibacterial activity relationship (SAR) of compounds 1-15 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
- Tongji Hospital, affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan He
- Tongji Hospital, affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengli Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Beiye Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyuan Mo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqiang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxi Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Zeng J, Chang Y, Han S, Zhao J, Fan Y, Xiong Z, Zou X, Wang C, Li B, Li H, Han J, Liu X, Xia Y, Lu B, Cao B. Risk Factors for Mortality of Inpatients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia in China: Impact of Resistance Profile in the Mortality. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:4115-4123. [PMID: 33209041 PMCID: PMC7669529 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s268744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia presents a severe challenge to hospitalized patients. However, to date, the risk factors for mortality among inpatients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia in China remain unclear. Patients and Methods This retrospective multicenter study was performed to analyze 215 patients with culture-confirmed P. aeruginosa bacteremia in five healthcare centers in China during the years 2012–2019. Results Of 215 patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia, 61 (28.4%) died during the study period. Logistic multivariable analysis revealed that cardiovascular disease (OR=3.978, P=0.001), blood transfusion (OR=5.855, P<0.001) and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) phenotype (OR=4.485, P=0.038) constituted the independent risk factors of mortality. Furthermore, both CRPA and multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRPA) phenotypes were found to be significantly associated with 5-day mortality (Log-rank, P<0.05). Conclusion This study revealed a high mortality rate amongst hospitalized patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia, and those with cardiovascular diseases, CRPA and MDRPA phenotypes, should be highlighted and given appropriate management in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Pu Ai Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzi Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouhua Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang No.2 People's Hospital, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankang Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhujia Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmeng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudi Xia
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Binghuai Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Tsinghua University-Peking University, Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Fukuda H, Sato D, Iwamoto T, Yamada K, Matsushita K. Healthcare resources attributable to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus orthopedic surgical site infections. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17059. [PMID: 33051484 PMCID: PMC7555535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of orthopedic surgeries is increasing as populations steadily age, but surgical site infection (SSI) rates remain relatively consistent. This study aimed to quantify the healthcare resources attributable to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) SSIs in orthopedic surgical patients. The analysis was conducted using a national claims database comprising data from almost all Japanese residents. We examined patients who underwent any of the following surgeries between April 2012 and March 2018: amputation (AMP), spinal fusion (FUSN), open reduction of fracture (FX), hip prosthesis (HPRO), knee prosthesis (KPRO), and laminectomy (LAM). Propensity score matching was performed to identify non-SSI control patients, and generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the differences in outcomes between the case and control groups. The numbers of MRSA SSI cases (infection rates) ranged from 64 (0.03%) to 1,152 (2.33%). MRSA SSI-attributable increases in healthcare expenditure ranged from $11,630 ($21,151 vs. $9,521) for LAM to $35,693 ($50,122 vs. $14,429) for FX, and increases in hospital stay ranged from 40.6 days (59.2 vs. 18.6) for LAM to 89.5 days (122.0 vs. 32.5) for FX. In conclusion, MRSA SSIs contribute to substantial increases in healthcare resource utilization, emphasizing the need to implement effective infection prevention measures for orthopedic surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhisa Fukuda
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Center for Next Generation of Community Health, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Koji Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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Antibiotic Resistant Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Blood Stream Infections and Urinary Tract Infections among Intensive Care Unit Patients. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood Stream Infection (BSI) and Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) being leading causes of morbidity and mortality represent a common complication among critically ill patients. During the last decade, clinicians have observed a rising occurrence of BSIs due to bacterial resistance. Likewise, catheter-associated UTI is a main cause of morbidity and mortality affecting all age groups. Coliforms happen to be the prominent pathogens among our ICU admitted patients. It was alarming to notice 42.9% resistance to tigecycline among K. pneumoniae isolated from blood. K. pneumoniae isolates cultured from urine of ICU patients uniformly displayed 75% resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin and cefepime. Interestingly, it is of respite to observe 85.7% K. pneumoniae isolated from blood and 75% K. pneumoniae isolated from urine being susceptible to a conventional antibiotic, gentamicin. Escherichia coli isolated from urine were 100% susceptible to carbapenems and 91.75% were susceptible to tigecycline. Overall, 90% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to nitrofurantoin. The rapid spread of these MDR pathogens demands for national and regional guidelines. Policies to treat ICU related infections in UAE should be designed based on local microbiological data and resistance profiles of pathogens.
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Impact of national guidelines for antimicrobial stewardship to reduce antibiotic use in upper respiratory tract infection and gastroenteritis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020; 42:280-286. [DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To examine whether the issue and dissemination of national guidelines in the Manual of Antimicrobial Stewardship had an impact on reducing antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) and gastroenteritis.Method:An interrupted time-series analysis was performed using a large nationwide database from June 2016 to June 2018. Outpatients with ARTI or gastroenteritis aged ≥6 years were identified. The outcome measures were any antibiotic use and broad-spectrum antibiotic use. The season-adjusted changes in the rate of antibiotic prescriptions for 2 periods before and after the guideline issue date were examined.Results:There were 13,177,735 patients with ARTI and 300,565 patients with gastroenteritis during the study period. Among patients with ARTI, there was a significant downward trend in antibiotic use during the 2-year study period (−0.06% per week; 95% CI, −0.07% to −0.04%). However, there was no significant change in trends of antibiotic use between the pre-issue period and post-issue period (trend difference, −0.01% per week; 95% CI, −0.10% to 0.07%). Similarly, for patients with gastroenteritis, there was no significant change in the trends of antibiotic use between the pre-issue period and post-issue period (trend difference, −0.02% per week; 95% CI, −0.04% to 0.01%). Similar associations were observed in analyses for broad-spectrum antibiotic use.Conclusions:Despite the issue of national guidelines to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics, there were no significant changes in trends of antibiotic use for outpatients with ARTI or gastroenteritis between the pre-issue and post-issue periods.
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Temkin E, Carmeli Y. Zero or More: Methodological Challenges of Counting and Estimating Deaths Related to Antibiotic-resistant Infections. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:2029-2034. [PMID: 31102400 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimates of the number of deaths from antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections are important data for clinicians and public health officials advocating for resources to prevent and treat these infections. The aims of this article are to describe the various approaches to calculating deaths from AMR infections, to compare the tally of deaths by each approach, and to explain how to interpret the results. Currently, none of the 3 methods employed by vital statistics systems to count deaths from specific causes (underlying cause of deaths, multiple causes of death, and avoidable deaths) count deaths from AMR infections. These deaths can be estimated by 4 approaches: case-fatality rate, infection-related mortality, and excess mortality using controls with antibiotic-susceptible infections or controls without antibiotic-resistant infections. When encountering discrepant estimates of AMR-related deaths, it is important to consider which method was used and whether it was the right method to answer the question being asked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Temkin
- National Institute for Antibiotic Resistance and Infection Control, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
| | - Yehuda Carmeli
- National Institute for Antibiotic Resistance and Infection Control, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Komagamine J, Kobayashi M, Mori T. Prevalence of and rationale for antimicrobial prescription during ambulatory care visits in Japan: a prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039329. [PMID: 32843518 PMCID: PMC7449277 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the rate of outpatient antimicrobial use and the rationale for antimicrobial prescription. DESIGN A prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study. SETTING Ambulatory care settings at community general hospitals. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1972 consecutive ambulatory visits by 1952 patients were included from 2 February 2020 to 13 February 2020. Visits resulting in hospital admission and regularly scheduled visits were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the proportion of ambulatory visits resulting in antimicrobial drug prescriptions. The secondary outcomes were the reasons for antimicrobial drug prescription and the proportion of unnecessary antimicrobial prescriptions among all antimicrobial drugs used for treatment. RESULTS The mean patient age was 53.8 (SD 25.8) years old, and the proportion of women was 52.6%. A total of 162 antimicrobial drugs were prescribed in 153 (7.8%) visits. The most common antimicrobial drugs were penicillins (n=48, 29.6%), followed by third-generation cephalosporins (n=35, 21.6%) and quinolones (n=20, 12.4%). Among all the antimicrobial drugs prescribed, 125 (77.2%), 18 (11.1%) and 11 (6.8%) were used for infection treatment, wound prophylaxis and surgical prophylaxis, respectively. Of the 125 antimicrobial drugs used for infection treatment, 60 (48.0%) were judged to be unnecessary. CONCLUSIONS One in every 13 ambulatory visits resulted in antimicrobial use in Japan. Three-fourths of the prescribed antimicrobial drugs were used for infection treatment, but approximately half of those drugs may have been unnecessary. Further efforts to reduce unnecessary antimicrobial drug use are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000039360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Komagamine
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tochigi Medical Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
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Abelenda-Alonso G, Rombauts A, Gudiol C, Meije Y, Clemente M, Ortega L, Ardanuy C, Niubó J, Padullés A, Videla S, Tebe C, Carratalà J. Impact of comprehensive molecular testing to reduce antibiotic use in community-acquired pneumonia (RADICAP): a randomised, controlled, phase IV clinical trial protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038957. [PMID: 32819999 PMCID: PMC7443276 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) continues to be a major health problem worldwide and is one of the main reasons for prescribing antibiotics. However, the causative agent is often not identified, resulting in antibiotic overtreatment, which is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance and adverse events. We aim to test the hypothesis that comprehensive molecular testing, compared with routine microbiological testing, would be effective in reducing antibiotic use in patients with CAP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will perform a randomised, controlled, open-label clinical trial with two parallel groups (1:1) at two tertiary hospitals between 2020 and 2022. Non-severely immunosuppressed adults hospitalised for CAP will be considered eligible. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive either the experimental diagnosis (comprehensive molecular testing plus routine microbiological testing) or standard diagnosis (only microbiological routine testing). The primary endpoint will be antibiotic consumption measured as days of antibiotic therapy per 1000 patient-days. Secondary endpoints will be de-escalation to narrower antibiotic treatment, time to switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics, days to reaching an aetiological diagnosis, antibiotic-related side effects, length of stay, days to clinical stability, intensive care unit admission, days of mechanical ventilation, hospital readmission up to 30 days after randomisation and death from any cause by 48 hours and 30 days after randomisation. We will need to include 440 subjects to be able to reject the null hypothesis that both groups have equal days of antibiotic therapy per 1000 patient-days with a probability >0.8. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Bellvitge Hospital (AC028/19) and from the Spanish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, and it is valid for all participating centres under existing Spanish legislation. Results will be presented at international meetings and will be made available to patients, their caregivers and funders. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials: NCT04158492. EudraCT: 2018-004880-29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso
- Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Rombauts
- Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Statistics Advisory Service, Institut d\'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carlota Gudiol
- Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Yolanda Meije
- Infectious Diseases Unit-Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Mercedes Clemente
- Infectious Diseases Unit-Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Lucía Ortega
- Infectious Diseases Unit-Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Niubó
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Padullés
- Department of Farmacology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Videla
- Department of Clinical Farmacology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Tebe
- Statistics Advisory Service, Institut d\'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jordi Carratalà
- Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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Rottier WC, Deelen JWT, Caruana G, Buiting AGM, Dorigo-Zetsma JW, Kluytmans JAJW, van der Linden PD, Thijsen SFT, Vlaminckx BJM, Weersink AJL, Ammerlaan HSM, Bonten MJM. Attributable mortality of antibiotic resistance in gram-negative infections in the Netherlands: a parallel matched cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:S1198-743X(20)30420-1. [PMID: 32698043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria has been associated with increased mortality. This was demonstrated mostly for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Enterobacterales bacteraemia in international studies. Yet, the burden of resistance specifically in the Netherlands and created by all types of Gram-negative infection has not been quantified. We therefore investigated the attributable mortality of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative infections in the Netherlands. METHODS In eight hospitals, a sample of Gram-negative infections was identified between 2013 and 2016, and separated into resistant and susceptible infection cohorts. Both cohorts were matched 1:1 to non-infected control patients on hospital, length of stay at infection onset, and age. In this parallel matched cohort set-up, 30-day mortality was compared between infected and non-infected patients. The impact of resistance was then assessed by dividing the two separate risk ratios (RRs) for mortality attributable to Gram-negative infection. RESULTS We identified 1954 Gram-negative infections, of which 1190 (61%) involved Escherichia coli, 210 (11%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 758 (39%) bacteraemia. Resistant Gram-negatives caused 243 infections (12%; 189 (78%) 3GC-R Enterobacterales, nine (4%) multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa, no carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales). Subsequently, we matched 1941 non-infected controls. After adjustment, point estimates for RRs comparing mortality between infections and controls were similarly higher than 1 in case of resistant infections and susceptible infections (1.42 (95% confidence interval 0.66-3.09) and 1.32 (1.06-1.65), respectively). By dividing these, the RR reflecting attributable mortality of resistance was calculated as 1.08 (0.48-2.41). CONCLUSIONS In the Netherlands, antibiotic resistance did not increase 30-day mortality in Gram-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter C Rottier
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - J W Timotëus Deelen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Caruana
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anton G M Buiting
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg/Waalwijk, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan A J W Kluytmans
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands
| | | | - Steven F T Thijsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J M Vlaminckx
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht/Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie J L Weersink
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi S M Ammerlaan
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marc J M Bonten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Vinagreiro CS, Zangirolami A, Schaberle FA, Nunes SCC, Blanco KC, Inada NM, da Silva GJ, Pais AACC, Bagnato VS, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM. Antibacterial Photodynamic Inactivation of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Biofilms with Nanomolar Photosensitizer Concentrations. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1517-1526. [PMID: 31913598 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria and bacteria in biofilms are very difficult to eradicate and are the most antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therapeutic alternatives less susceptible to mechanisms of resistance are urgently needed to respond to an alarming increase of resistant nosocomial infections. Antibacterial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) generates oxidative stress that triggers multiple cell death mechanisms that are more difficult to counteract by bacteria. We explore PDI of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains collected from patients and show how positive charge distribution in the photosensitizer drug impacts the efficacy of inactivation. We demonstrate the relevance of size for drug diffusion in biofilms. The designed meso-imidazolyl porphyrins of small size with positive charges surrounding the macrocycle enabled the inactivation of bacteria in biofilms by 6.9 log units at 5 nM photosensitizer concentration and 5 J cm-2, which offers new opportunities to treat biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Zangirolami
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kate C. Blanco
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia M. Inada
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Jorge da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Vanderlei S. Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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48
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Bacterial and fungal pathogens isolated from patients with bloodstream infection: frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2012–2017). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 97:115016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mahdiyah D, Farida H, Riwanto I, Mustofa M, Wahjono H, Laksana Nugroho T, Reki W. Screening of Indonesian peat soil bacteria producing antimicrobial compounds. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2604-2611. [PMID: 32994717 PMCID: PMC7499089 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and world-wide spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have a high concern in the medicine, especially the extended-spectrum of beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There are currently very limited effective antibiotics to treat infections caused by MDR bacteria. Peat-soil is a unique environment in which bacteria have to compete each other to survive, for instance, by producing antimicrobial substances. This study aimed to isolate bacteria from peat soils from South Kalimantan Indonesia, which capable of inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Isolates from peat soil were grown and identified phenotypically. The cell-free supernatant was obtained from broth culture by centrifugation and was tested by agar well-diffusion technique against non ESBL-producing E. coli ATCC 25922, ESBL-producing E. coli ATCC 35218, methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) ATCC 29,213 and MRSA ATCC 43300. Putative antimicrobial compounds were separated using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and purified using electroelution method. Antimicrobial properties of the purified compounds were confirmed by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). In total 28 isolated colonies were recovered; three (25PS, 26PS, and 27PS) isolates produced proteins with strong antimicrobial activities against both reference strains. The substance of proteins from three isolates exerted strong antimicrobial activity against ESBL-producing E. coli ATCC 35,218 (MIC = 2,80 µg/mL (25PS), 3,76 µg/mL (26PS), and 2,41 µg/mL (27PS), and MRSA ATCC 43,300 (MIC = 4,20 µg/mL (25PS), 5,65 µg/mL (26PS), and 3,62 µg/mL (27PS), and also had the ability bactericidal properties against the reference strains. There were isolates from Indonesian peat which were potentials sources of new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dede Mahdiyah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Sari Mulia University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia.,Post Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Helmia Farida
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Ignatius Riwanto
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Mustofa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hendro Wahjono
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Tri Laksana Nugroho
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Winarto Reki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
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50
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Babich T, Naucler P, Valik JK, Giske CG, Benito N, Cardona R, Rivera A, Pulcini C, Abdel Fattah M, Haquin J, Macgowan A, Grier S, Gibbs J, Chazan B, Yanovskay A, Ben Ami R, Landes M, Nesher L, Zaidman-Shimshovitz A, McCarthy K, Paterson DL, Tacconelli E, Buhl M, Mauer S, Rodriguez-Bano J, Morales I, Oliver A, Ruiz De Gopegui E, Cano A, Machuca I, Gozalo-Marguello M, Martinez Martinez L, Gonzalez-Barbera EM, Alfaro IG, Salavert M, Beovic B, Saje A, Mueller-Premru M, Pagani L, Vitrat V, Kofteridis D, Zacharioudaki M, Maraki S, Weissman Y, Paul M, Dickstein Y, Leibovici L, Yahav D. Ceftazidime, Carbapenems, or Piperacillin-tazobactam as Single Definitive Therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infection: A Multisite Retrospective Study. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 70:2270-2280. [PMID: 31323088 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal antibiotic regimen for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia is controversial. Although β-lactam monotherapy is common, data to guide the choice between antibiotics are scarce. We aimed to compare ceftazidime, carbapenems, and piperacillin-tazobactam as definitive monotherapy. METHODS A multinational retrospective study (9 countries, 25 centers) including 767 hospitalized patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia treated with β-lactam monotherapy during 2009-2015. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Univariate and multivariate, including propensity-adjusted, analyses were conducted introducing monotherapy type as an independent variable. RESULTS Thirty-day mortality was 37/213 (17.4%), 42/210 (20%), and 55/344 (16%) in the ceftazidime, carbapenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam groups, respectively. Type of monotherapy was not significantly associated with mortality in either univariate, multivariate, or propensity-adjusted analyses (odds ratio [OR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-2.46, for ceftazidime; OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.67-2.51, for piperacillin-tazobactam, with carbapenems as reference in propensity adjusted multivariate analysis; 542 patients). No significant difference between antibiotics was demonstrated for clinical failure, microbiological failure, or adverse events. Isolation of P. aeruginosa with new resistance to antipseudomonal drugs was significantly more frequent with carbapenems (36/206 [17.5%]) versus ceftazidime (25/201 [12.4%]) and piperacillin-tazobactam (28/332 [8.4%] (P = .007). CONCLUSIONS No significant difference in mortality, clinical, and microbiological outcomes or adverse events was demonstrated between ceftazidime, carbapenems, and piperacillin-tazobactam as definitive treatment of P. aeruginosa bacteremia. Higher rates of resistant P. aeruginosa after patients were treated with carbapenems, along with the general preference for carbapenem-sparing regimens, suggests using ceftazidime or piperacillin-tazobactam for treating susceptible infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Babich
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Pontus Naucler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Karlsson Valik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian G Giske
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natividad Benito
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Cardona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Rivera
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celine Pulcini
- APEMAC, France
- CHRU-Nancy, Infectious Diseases Department, Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Manal Abdel Fattah
- CHRU-Nancy, Infectious Diseases Department, Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Justine Haquin
- CHRU-Nancy, Infectious Diseases Department, Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Alasdair Macgowan
- Department of Infection Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Grier
- Department of Infection Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Gibbs
- Department of Infection Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bibiana Chazan
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa
| | - Anna Yanovskay
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa
| | - Ronen Ben Ami
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Infectious Diseases Unit Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv
| | - Michal Landes
- Infectious Diseases Unit Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv
| | - Lior Nesher
- Infectious Disease Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Adi Zaidman-Shimshovitz
- Infectious Disease Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Kate McCarthy
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Michael Buhl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tübingen University Hospital, Germany
| | - Susanna Mauer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tübingen University Hospital, Germany
| | - Jesus Rodriguez-Bano
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla
| | - Isabel Morales
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca
| | - Enrique Ruiz De Gopegui
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca
| | - Angela Cano
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander
| | - Isabel Machuca
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander
| | | | | | | | | | - Miguel Salavert
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bojana Beovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana
| | - Andreja Saje
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana
| | - Manica Mueller-Premru
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Virginie Vitrat
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Annecy-Genevois Hospital Center, Annecy, France
| | - Diamantis Kofteridis
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Zacharioudaki
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sofia Maraki
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Yulia Weissman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Mical Paul
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa
| | | | | | - Dafna Yahav
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
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