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Huang C, Li C, Liu F, Xu R. Vaccination and risky behaviors: evidence from the hepatitis B vaccination campaign in China. JOURNAL OF POPULATION ECONOMICS 2023:1-32. [PMID: 37359470 PMCID: PMC9999080 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-023-00942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the causal relationship between vaccination and individuals' risky behavioral responses has important policy implications as it affects the ultimate effectiveness of increasing access to vaccination. This paper examines the causal effects of vaccination on risky behaviors by exploring the 1992 hepatitis B vaccination campaign in China. Our empirical strategy exploits variations in age at the campaign as well as the pretreatment infection risks across provinces. Using a large cross-section of individuals born between 1981 and 1994, we find that more exposure to the hepatitis B vaccination leads to lower alcohol use during adulthood, and such impacts are almost entirely driven by men. Individuals from more educated families and people who live in urban areas tend to react more. Improved educational attainment and dissemination of related knowledge are important contributors. Our results uncover an unexpected benefit of promoting access to vaccination. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00148-023-00942-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Center for Human Capital and Labor Market Research, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Cong Li
- School of Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Humanities and Social Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172 Guangdong China
| | - Ruofei Xu
- School of Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, 200433 China
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2
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Nanwa N, Kwong JC, Feld JJ, Fangyun Wu C, Sander B. The mean attributable health care costs associated with hepatitis B virus in Ontario, Canada: A matched cohort study. CANADIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2022; 5:339-361. [DOI: 10.3138/canlivj-2021-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: No Canadian studies examined the economic impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) using population-based, patient-level data. We determined attributable costs associated with HBV from a health care payer perspective. METHODS: We conducted an incidence-based, matched cohort, cost-of-illness study. We identified infected subjects (positive HBV surface antigen, DNA, or e-antigen) between 2004 and 2014, using health administrative data. The index date was the first positive specimen. The cohort was organized into three groups: no HBV-related complications, HBV-related complications before index date, and HBV-related complications post-index date. To evaluate costs (2017 Canadian dollars), we adopted the phase-of-care approach defining six phases. Mean attributable costs were determined by evaluating mean differences between matched pairs. Hard match variables were sex, age group, index year, rurality, neighbourhood income quintile, comorbidities, and immigrant status. Costs were combined with crude survival data to calculate 1-, 5-, and 10-year costs. RESULTS: We identified 41,469 infected subjects with a mean age of 44.2 years. The majority were males (54.7%), immigrants (58.4%), and residents of major urban centres (96.8%). Eight percent had HBV-related complications before index date and 11.5% had them post index date. Across groups, mean attributable costs ranged from CAD-$27–$19 for pre-diagnosis, CAD$167–$1,062 for initial care, CAD$53–$407 for continuing care, CAD$1,033 for HBV-related complications, $304 for continuing care for complications, and CAD$2,552–$4,281 for final care. Mean cumulative 1-, 5-, and 10-year costs ranged between CAD$253–$3,067, $3,067–$20,349, and CAD$6,128–$38,968, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: HBV is associated with long-term economic burden. These results support decision-making on HBV prevention and monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Nanwa
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES Central, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) collaborative, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey C Kwong
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES Central, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Western Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Beate Sander
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES Central, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) collaborative, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Economics Research (PHER), University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Leonardi AA, Lo Faro MJ, Fazio B, Spinella C, Conoci S, Livreri P, Irrera A. Fluorescent Biosensors Based on Silicon Nanowires. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2970. [PMID: 34835735 PMCID: PMC8624671 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures are arising as novel biosensing platforms promising to surpass current performance in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and affordability of standard approaches. However, for several nanosensors, the material and synthesis used make the industrial transfer of such technologies complex. Silicon nanowires (NWs) are compatible with Si-based flat architecture fabrication and arise as a hopeful solution to couple their interesting physical properties and surface-to-volume ratio to an easy commercial transfer. Among all the transduction methods, fluorescent probes and sensors emerge as some of the most used approaches thanks to their easy data interpretation, measure affordability, and real-time in situ analysis. In fluorescent sensors, Si NWs are employed as substrate and coupled with several fluorophores, NWs can be used as quenchers in stem-loop configuration, and have recently been used for direct fluorescent sensing. In this review, an overview on fluorescent sensors based on Si NWs is presented, analyzing the literature of the field and highlighting the advantages and drawbacks for each strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alessio Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Ettore Majorana”, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.A.L.); (M.J.L.F.)
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IPCF), Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy;
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IMM) UoS Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Lab SENS, Beyond NANO, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria José Lo Faro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Ettore Majorana”, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.A.L.); (M.J.L.F.)
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IMM) UoS Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Fazio
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IPCF), Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy;
- Lab SENS, Beyond NANO, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Corrado Spinella
- Lab SENS, Beyond NANO, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.C.)
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IMM) Zona Industriale, VIII Strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- Lab SENS, Beyond NANO, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.C.)
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IMM) Zona Industriale, VIII Strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Livreri
- Dipartimento di ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze BLDG 9, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alessia Irrera
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IPCF), Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy;
- Lab SENS, Beyond NANO, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.C.)
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Erhabor O, Mohammad SY, Bello L, Onuigwe FU, Abdulrahman Y, Zama I, Buhari H, Bagudo A, Ibrahim K, Ahmed M, Udomah FP, Adias TC, Erhabor T, Okara GC. Prevalence of some hepatitis B virus markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Specialist Hospital Sokoto Nigeria. Hum Antibodies 2021; 28:233-243. [PMID: 32333583 DOI: 10.3233/hab-200412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus infection is a global public health problem. The virus has infected more than one-third of the global population. It has been estimated that 360 million chronic carriers are living around the world with a high risk for developing cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma and hepatic failure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of some hepatitis B markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Sokoto Specialist Hospital, Nigeria. METHODS The hepatitis testing was carried out using the Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic HBV-5 rapid kit (Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic, USA). The kit is based on lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb in human serum or plasma. Panel format can conveniently test for five targets at once and utilizes all markers to help distinguish between acute and chronic infections. RESULTS Out of 117 pregnant women tested, 15 were positive for HBsAg (12.8%), 6 positive for HBsAb (5.1%), 1 for HBeAg (0.9%), 14 tested positive for HBeAb (12.0%), and 14 tested for HBcAb (12.0%). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on ethnicity. HBsAb was significantly higher among the Hausa ethnic group (p= 0.001). The prevalence of HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was not affected by ethnicity (p> 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on age. Infection by the hepatitis B virus markers was higher among young adult and middle age groups. The difference was however not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on the educational status, previous history of blood transfusion, jaundice, employment status and previous history of still births among the pregnant subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus markers (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION The study observed a high prevalence of various hepatitis B viral markers among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Specialist Hospital Sokoto. There is need for routine screening of all pregnant women and infants born to hepatitis B positive mothers. Government and non-governmental organizations should intensify efforts to enlighten the general population on the public health importance of the disease and the importance of hepatitis screening. There is also need for the development of a treatment protocol for the management of pregnant women positive for hepatitis B to prevent mother to child transmission. There is an urgent need for the implementation of evidenced-based best practice of providing universal vaccination against hepatitis B for all hepatitis B negative women of child bearing age in particular and all Nigerians in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Erhabor
- Blood Transfusion Faculty, West African Postgraduate College of Medical Laboratory Science, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - L Bello
- Specialist Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - F U Onuigwe
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Y Abdulrahman
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - I Zama
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - H Buhari
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - A Bagudo
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - K Ibrahim
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - M Ahmed
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - F P Udomah
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - T C Adias
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - T Erhabor
- Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - G C Okara
- West African Postgraduate College of Medical Laboratory Science, Abuja, Nigeria
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5
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Wang J, Wu G, Chu H, Wu Z, Sun J. Paeonol Derivatives and Pharmacological Activities: A Review of Recent Progress. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:466-482. [PMID: 31644406 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191015204223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Paeonol, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy acetophenone, is one of the main active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine such as Cynanchum paniculatum, Paeonia suffruticosa Andr and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Modern medical research has shown that paeonol has a wide range of pharmacological activities. In recent years, a large number of studies have been carried out on the structure modification of paeonol and the mechanism of action of paeonol derivatives has been studied. Some paeonol derivatives exhibit good pharmacological activities in terms of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic analgesic, antioxidant and other pharmacological effects. Herein, the research progress on paeonol derivatives and their pharmacological activities were systematically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guiying Wu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Haiping Chu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongyu Wu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyong Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
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6
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Avellon A, Ala A, Diaz A, Domingo D, Gonzalez R, Hidalgo L, Kooner P, Loganathan S, Martin D, McPherson S, Munoz-Chimeno M, Ryder S, Slapak G, Ryan P, Valbuena M, Kennedy PT. Clinical performance of Determine HBsAg 2 rapid test for Hepatitis B detection. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3403-3411. [PMID: 32270883 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is estimated to affect 292 million people worldwide, 90% of them are unaware of their HBV status. The Determine HBsAg 2 (Alere Medical Co, Ltd Chiba Japan [Now Abbott]) is a rapid test that meets European Union (EU) regulatory requirements for Hepatitis B surface antigen 2 (HBsAg) analytical sensitivity, detecting the 0.1 IU/mL World Health Organization (WHO) International HBsAg Standard. This prospective, multicentre study was conducted to establish its clinical performance. 351 evaluable subjects were enrolled, 145 HBsAg-positive. The fingerstick whole blood sensitivity and specificity were 97.2% and 98.5% (15' reading, reference assay cut-off 0.05 IU/mL), sensitivity increasing to 97.9% with the prespecified cut-off 0.13 IU/mL (EU regulations). The venous whole blood, serum and plasma sensitivity was 97.2%, 97.9%, and 98.6%, respectively (15' reading); reaching 99%, 99.5% and 100% specificity. A testing algorithm following up an initial positive fingerstick test result with plasma/serum test demonstrates 100% specificity. The Determine HBsAg 2 test gives 15-minute results with high sensitivity and specificity, making it an ideal tool for point-of-care testing, with the potential to enable large-scale population-wide screening to reach the WHO HBV diagnostic targets. The evaluated test improves the existing methods as most of the reviewed rapid tests do not meet the EU regulatory requirements of sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Avellon
- Hepatitis Unit, National Center of Microbiology, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aftab Ala
- Gastrointestinal and Liver services, Royal Surrey County Hospital and University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Antonio Diaz
- Gastroenterology department, Hospital del Sureste, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Domingo
- Gastroenterology department, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Gonzalez
- Gastroenterology department, Hospital del Sureste, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Hidalgo
- Gastroenterology department, Hospital Infanta Sofia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Kooner
- Gastroenterology department, Hospital Infanta Sofia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabarinathan Loganathan
- Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Stuart McPherson
- Liver Unit, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Stephen Ryder
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, NIHR Nottingham BRC at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gabrielle Slapak
- Gastrointestinal and Liver services, Barking Havering and Redbridge University NHS Trust, Romford, UK
| | - Pablo Ryan
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Valbuena
- Gastroenterology department, Hospital del Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick T Kennedy
- Barts Liver Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, UK
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7
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Chilaka VN, Konje JC. Viral Hepatitis in pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 256:287-296. [PMID: 33259998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of viral hepatitis is very high and seems to be rising over the years. The infection can profoundly affect pregnant women causing significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality with some strains much worse than others. Hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) which are transmitted mainly through the faecal-oral route present as acute hepatitis during pregnancy and are responsible for most local epidemic outbreaks. HAV infection remains self-limiting during pregnancy, while HEV has a higher prevalence and causes significant morbidity. It is also associated with a very high maternal mortality rate (20 %) and requires special attention in endemic areas. HEV vaccines do exist, but the WHO has yet to approve them for general use. Hepatitis B is the most prevalent form and is part of the ante-natal screening program. The presence of HBeAg is associated with high viral loads and infectivity. Antiviral therapy, preferably tenofovir (TDF), is recommended for mothers with viral load ≥ 200,000 IU/mL2), with the neonates receiving both active and passive immunisations. Hepatitis C and D are usually found as chronic infections in the pregnant and non-pregnant populations. Screening for hepatitis C during pregnancy and its subsequent management is still unsettled, but the introduction of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs will change the picture if their safety is established in pregnancy. HDV is an incomplete virus linked to HBV and cannot establish an infection on its own. Controlling HBV is paramount to controlling HDV. HEV is quite prevalent and looked upon as hepatotropic. It seems to be quite prevalent in some blood donor populations and has a high co-infection rate with HCV. It has a high Mother-to-Child-Transmission (MTCT) but causes little or no illness in infected infants, and antenatal screening is not justified. This review summarises the prevalence, clinical picture, maternal, perinatal effects, and the management and prevention of hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and G viral infections during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Chilaka
- Women's Wellness Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Justin C Konje
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; University of Leicester, UK
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8
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Koç DÖ, Özhan Y, Acar ET, Bireroğlu N, Aslan F, Keğin M, Sipahi H. Serum Neopterin Levels and IDO Activity as Possible Markers for Presence and Progression of Hepatitis B. Pteridines 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still one of the major reasons for liver related mortality and morbidity all around the world. This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between the immune system activation and presence, as well as progression, of hepatitis B infection by monitoring the tryptophan degradation and serum neopterin levels in patients with HBV. 110 patients with HBV and 23 healthy subjects were included in the study. The patients had significantly higher neopterin levels and increased kynurenine to tryptophan ratios, which were most probably due to enhanced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity compared to healthy control. A strong positive correlation was found between neopterin levels and IDO activity in patient group. Neopterin levels and IDO activity were markedly increased in patients with histological activity index (HAI) ≥4 compared to HAI<4, and a significant correlation was found between neopterin and HAI. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between albumin levels and IDO activity in HBV patients. These findings suggest that tryptophan degradation results from IFN-γ-induced IDO activation, likewise depletion of albumin synthesis in HBV patients may result from diminished tryptophan availability. In conclusion, based on the study results, serum neopterin levels and IDO activity could provide additional immunological information for monitoring liver histological activity and can be used as prognostic markers in HBV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Öğütmen Koç
- Department of Gastroenterology , University of Health Sciences, Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital , 34255, Gaziosmanpaşa, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Yağmur Özhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Yeditepe University , 34755, Atasehir, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ebru Türköz Acar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Yeditepe University , 34755, Atasehir, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Nilgün Bireroğlu
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Health Sciences, Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital , 34255, Gaziosmanpaşa, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Fatih Aslan
- Department of Internal Medicine , University of Health Sciences, Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital , 34255, Gaziosmanpaşa, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Murat Keğin
- Department of Surgery , University of Health Sciences, Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital , 34255, Gaziosmanpaşa, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Hande Sipahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Yeditepe University , 34755, Atasehir, Istanbul , Turkey
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9
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Negahdari B, Darvishi M, Saeedi AA. Gold nanoparticles and hepatitis B virus. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:469-474. [PMID: 30686057 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1546185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major health issues in the world presently with high tendency of leading to hepatocarcinoma, cirrhosis and liver cancer, especially if not properly managed. It has been estimated that there are about 2 billion people with a serological profile of HBV infection, and 360 million patients worldwide living with chronic HBV-associated liver disease, hence the need to find an efficient and precise diagnosis technique to drive a robust treatment for Hepatitis B virus cannot be over emphasized. The emergence of analytical device like biosensor which combines biological and physicochemical element to detect HBV in screened samples has been very helpful in providing a timely intervention to tame this virus. This review focuses on the current state of biosensor researches with respect to various in-depth application of gold nanoparticle for the detection of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Negahdari
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Neuroscience Institute , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- c Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC) , AJA University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Saeedi
- c Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC) , AJA University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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10
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Negahdari B, Darvishi M, Saeedi AA. Gold nanoparticles and hepatitis B virus. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:455-461. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1553786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- lnfectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Saeedi
- lnfectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hepatitis D virus infection among hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive individuals in Upper Egypt: Prevalence and clinical features. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:350-356. [PMID: 30833193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE About 248 million people are chronic HBV surface antigen carriers in the world. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection present in more than 15 million people worldwide. HDV needs hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to help its replication. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of HDV infection among HBsAg positive individuals and to determine the clinical, laboratory and virological characters of HDV infected patients. METHODS This study was prospective cross-sectional analytic one including 186 HBsAg positive cases. Anti-HBc total, IgM and HBV PCR were done for all of these cases. Anti-HDV ELISA analysis was done for all cases. Positive samples for Anti-HDV by ELISA were then tested by HDV PCR. RESULTS Of the 186 HBsAg positive cases, 80 were reactive for anti-HDV antibodies, resulting in an overall anti-HDV seropositivity of 43%. Higher prevalence of liver cirrhosis (43.8%), HCC on top of cirrhosis (8.8%) were found in anti-HDV positive compared to anti-HDV negative cases (17.9%) and (3.8%) respectively (p value<0.001). Portal hypertension and Child-Pugh grade B, C were significantly higher in anti-HDV-positive cases as compared to the anti-HDV-negative ones (47.5% versus 18.9%) and (11.3% versus 6.6%); (16.3% versus 3.8%) respectively (p value<0.001 for each). HDV RNA was positive in 25 out of 80 anti-HDV-positive cases (31.3%). CONCLUSION Anti-HDV was seropositive in 43% among HBsAg positive cases in Upper Egypt. HDV RNA was positive by PCR in 25 out of 80 anti-HDV-positive cases (31.3%). HDV prevalence using PCR was 25/186 (13.4%) in Upper Egypt.
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Fletcher GJ, Anantharam R, Radhakrishnan K, Singh U, Karunakaran A, Jeyaseelan V, Abraham P. Evaluation of reliability and performance of hepatitis B virus-e-antigen assays in tertiary care setting. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 39:622-635. [PMID: 30362912 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1529680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus-e-antigen (HBeAg) is a viral marker to assess hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. We have evaluated the reliability of three commonly available HBeAg immunoassays using World Health Organization-International Standard and clinical samples. In addition the performance of enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) was assessed by kinetic binding and reagent exchange experiments. Analytical and diagnostic sensitivity were significantly different among HBeAg assays (P < 0.01). The affinity of capture/detector antibodies varied significantly between EIAs (P < 0.01). Our findings suggest that significant difference in the affinity of capture/detector antibodies to HBeAg may impact the overall performance and the reliability of currently available HBeAg assays in HBV diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Unnati Singh
- a Departments of Clinical Virology , Christian Medical College , Vellore , India
| | - Amaldev Karunakaran
- a Departments of Clinical Virology , Christian Medical College , Vellore , India
| | - Visalakshi Jeyaseelan
- b Departments of Clinical Virology, Biostatistics , Christian Medical College , Vellore , India
| | - Priya Abraham
- a Departments of Clinical Virology , Christian Medical College , Vellore , India
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13
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Leonardi AA, Lo Faro MJ, Petralia S, Fazio B, Musumeci P, Conoci S, Irrera A, Priolo F. Ultrasensitive Label- and PCR-Free Genome Detection Based on Cooperative Hybridization of Silicon Nanowires Optical Biosensors. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1690-1697. [PMID: 30132653 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The realization of an innovative label- and PCR-free silicon nanowires (NWs) optical biosensor for direct genome detection is demonstrated. The system is based on the cooperative hybridization to selectively capture DNA and on the optical emission of quantum confined carriers in Si NWs whose quenching is used as detection mechanism. The Si NWs platform was tested with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) complete genome and it was able to reach a Limit of Detection (LoD) of 2 copies/reaction for the synthetic genome and 20 copies/reaction for the genome extracted from human blood. These results are even better than those obtained with the gold standard real-time PCR method in the genome analysis. The Si NWs sensor showed high sensitivity and specificity, easy detection method, and low manufacturing cost fully compatible with standard silicon process technology. All these points are key factors for the future development of a new class of genetic point-of-care devices that are reliable, fast, low cost, and easy to use for self-testing including in the developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alessio Leonardi
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via le F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- INFN sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- MATIS CNR-IMM, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Josè Lo Faro
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- MATIS CNR-IMM, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Fazio
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via le F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- STMicroelectronics, Stradale Primosole 50, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via le F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Priolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- MATIS CNR-IMM, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, Via Valdisavoia 9, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Ünüvar SÜ, Aslanhan H, Tanrıverdi Z, Karakuş F. The relationship between neopterin and hepatitis B surface antigen positivity. Pteridines 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a life-threatening viral liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. Neopterin is regarded as an immunologic biomarker of several diseases related to activation of the cellular immune system. Hepatitis B infection is associated with increased production of cellular immune system markers. We aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between hepatitis B surface antigen-positivity (HBsAg +) and neopterin to determine the role of neopterin in the early diagnosis of hepatitis B infections. Seventy-two HBsAg (+) patients with normal liver function tests and forty-three controls were included in the study. Neopterin levels were 17.6 ± 0.13 nmol/L in HBsAg (+) patients; and 9.12 ± 0.09 nmol/L in infection-free controls, respectively. Compared to the control group, a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in the serum neopterin levels of the patients was observed. No significant relationship was determined between neopterin levels and age/sex (both, p > 0.05). With overstimulation of interferon-gamma, the production of neopterin increases by monocytes/macrophages. Likewise with other diseases associated with an activated cellular immune system, this study shows that neopterin can be a predictive biomarker for persistent carriers of hepatitis B infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songül Ü Ünüvar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya , Turkey
| | - Hamza Aslanhan
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Zübeyde Tanrıverdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya , Turkey
| | - Fuat Karakuş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya , Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, İzmir , Turkey
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15
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Guo L, Li W, Hu L, Zhou H, Zheng L, Yu L, Liang W. Diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs for liver cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:5397-5405. [PMID: 29435187 PMCID: PMC5797058 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs are potential biomarkers for various diseases including liver cirrhosis. We designed a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs for liver cirrhosis patients. Eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to July 1, 2017. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve were analyzed using a random or fixed effects models based on the between-study heterogeneities. Thirteen studies from 7 articles with 627 patients and 418 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. All studies had high quality assessment scores. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUROC were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80-0.86), 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86-0.92), 6.41 (95% CI: 3.93-10.44), 0.22 (95% CI: 0.14-0.33), 35.18 (95% CI: 15.90-77.81) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91-0.95), respectively. In conclusion, circulating microRNAs may serve as potential noninvasive biomarkers of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Shengzhou People's Hospital, Shengzhou Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou, China
| | - Weiyan Li
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Shengzhou People's Hospital, Shengzhou Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhou
- Institute of Cancer Research, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Institute of Cancer Research, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifei Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Shengzhou People's Hospital, Shengzhou Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shengzhou, China
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Dewangan HK, Pandey T, Singh S. Nanovaccine for immunotherapy and reduced hepatitis-B virus in humanized model. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:2033-2042. [PMID: 29179600 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1408118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections are severe with weak antiviral immune responses. The lack of an appropriate small animal model for chronic hepatitis, a major hurdle for studying the immunotolerance and immunopathogenesis induced by hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection. In this study, for enhancing the antibody production efficiency the prepared polymeric HBsAg-loaded nanoparticles (nanovaccine) will be tested in immune-deficit mice, which suffer from chronic Hepatitis B virus. Vaccination of Balb/c mice by this prepared nanoparticles that were engrafted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which was already lethally irradiated and transplanted by the bone marrow of NOD (knockout mice) mice. In the present study, after the vaccination detected the high frequencies of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-secreting B cells and mitogen-responsive interferon-Y (IFN-Y) secreting T cells in serum, determined by specific ELISA technique. During the entire observation period, unvaccinated animals showed lower concentration of specific IgG secreting B cells and IFN-Y secreting T cells found in comparison to vaccinated mice group. Chronic HBV carrier PBMCs transplanted into the chimera failed to produce antigen and increased the antibodies production due to vaccination. Furthermore, another advantage was that the viral gene expression and viral DNA replication was no longer observed in vaccinated group. This prepared nanovaccine formulations is better for the cure of Hepatitis B viral infection carrier. Therefore, specific memory responses were elicited by vaccination with Hepatitis B virus surface (HBsAg) antigen of chimeric mice transplanted with PBMCs derived from HBV donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Kumar Dewangan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , India
| | - Tarun Pandey
- b Anaesthesia and Critical Care , Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , India
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Abstract
Hepatitis A virus causes acute viral hepatitis, presenting with jaundice, nausea, and vomiting. Symptoms are self-limited and treated symptomatically. Routine vaccination of infants has greatly reduced the incidence in the United States. Vaccination is recommended for all infants and adults at increased risk. Hepatitis B virus can cause acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Acute hepatitis B is usually self-limited, but can develop into a chronic infection. Patients are at highest risk for developing chronic disease if they are infected at a younger age. Routine vaccination and universal screening of pregnant women has decreased the transmission of hepatitis B virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Thuener
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, 1010 North Kansas, Wichita, KS 67214, USA.
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18
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Chen Y, Zheng Zhang W, Li J, Xiao T, Xia Liu J, Luo M, Su H, Fu XZ, Liu T, Dong YX, Zhao YL, He B, Li YJ. Novel adefovir mono L-amino acid ester, mono bile acid ester derivatives: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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19
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Riedel T, Hageneder S, Surman F, Pop-Georgievski O, Noehammer C, Hofner M, Brynda E, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Dostálek J. Plasmonic Hepatitis B Biosensor for the Analysis of Clinical Saliva. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2972-2977. [PMID: 28192973 PMCID: PMC5343552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A biosensor
for the detection of hepatitis B antibodies in clinical
saliva was developed. Compared to conventional analysis of blood serum,
it offers the advantage of noninvasive collection of samples. Detection
of biomarkers in saliva imposes two major challenges associated with
the low analyte concentration and increased surface fouling. The detection
of minute amounts of hepatitis B antibodies was performed by plasmonically
amplified fluorescence sandwich immunoassay. To have access to specific
detection, we prevented the nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules
present in saliva by brushes of poly[(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)
methacrylamide)-co-(carboxybetaine methacrylamide)]
grafted from the gold sensor surface and post modified with hepatitis
B surface antigen. Obtained results were validated against the response
measured with ELISA at a certified laboratory using serum from the
same patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Riedel
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR v.v.i. , Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Simone Hageneder
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - František Surman
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR v.v.i. , Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ognen Pop-Georgievski
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR v.v.i. , Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Christa Noehammer
- Molecular Diagnostics, Health and Environment Department, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Hofner
- Molecular Diagnostics, Health and Environment Department, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eduard Brynda
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR v.v.i. , Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR v.v.i. , Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jakub Dostálek
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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20
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Campuzano S, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Electrochemical Biosensing for the Diagnosis of Viral Infections and Tropical Diseases. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Campuzano
- Department Analytical Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Av. Complutense s/n 28040- Madrid Spain
| | - Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño
- Department Analytical Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Av. Complutense s/n 28040- Madrid Spain
| | - José Manuel Pingarrón
- Department Analytical Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Av. Complutense s/n 28040- Madrid Spain
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Broad-spectrum antiviral properties of andrographolide. Arch Virol 2016; 162:611-623. [PMID: 27896563 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide, a diterpenoid, is known for its anti-inflammatory effects. It can be isolated from various plants of the genus Andrographis, commonly known as 'creat'. This purified compound has been tested for its anti-inflammatory effects in various stressful conditions, such as ischemia, pyrogenesis, arthritis, hepatic or neural toxicity, carcinoma, and oxidative stress, Apart from its anti-inflammatory effects, andrographolide also exhibits immunomodulatory effects by effectively enhancing cytotoxic T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, phagocytosis, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). All these properties of andrographolide form the foundation for the use of this miraculous compound to restrain virus replication and virus-induced pathogenesis. The present article covers antiviral properties of andrographolide in variety of viral infections, with the hope of developing of a new highly potent antiviral drug with multiple effects.
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Farooq RK, Asghar K, Kanwal S, Zulqernain A. Role of inflammatory cytokines in depression: Focus on interleukin-1β. Biomed Rep 2016; 6:15-20. [PMID: 28123701 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, major depression will become the leading cause of disability worldwide by the year 2030. Despite extensive research into the mechanisms underlying this disease, the rate, prevalence and disease burden has been on the rise, particularly in the industrialized world. Epidemiological studies have shown biological and biochemical differences in disease characteristics and treatment responses in different age groups. Notable differences have been observed in the clinical presentation, co-prevalence with other diseases, interaction with the immune system and even in the outcome. Thus, there is an increased interest in characterizing these differences, particularly in terms of contribution of different factors, including age, cytokines and immunotherapy. Research into the possible mechanisms of these interactions may reveal novel opportunities for future pharmacotherapy. The aim of the present review is to document recent literature regarding the impact of inflammatory mechanisms on the pathophysiology of the depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Asghar
- Department of Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzina Kanwal
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, P.R. China
| | - Ali Zulqernain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab 40100, Pakistan
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Hepatitis B plasmonic biosensor for the analysis of clinical serum samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:272-279. [PMID: 27179568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A plasmonic biosensor for rapid detection of protein biomarkers in complex media is reported. Clinical serum samples were analyzed by using a novel biointerface architecture based on poly[(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide)-co-(carboxybetaine methacrylamide)] brushes functionalized with bioreceptors. This biointerface provided an excellent resistance to fouling even after the functionalization and allowed for the first time the direct detection of antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) in clinical serum samples using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The fabricated SPR biosensor allowed discrimination of anti-HBs positive and negative clinical samples in 10min. Results are validated by enzyme-linked immunoassays of the sera in a certified laboratory. The sensor could be regenerated by simple treatment with glycine buffer.
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MicroRNA panels as disease biomarkers distinguishing hepatitis B virus infection caused hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15026. [PMID: 26456479 PMCID: PMC4601029 DOI: 10.1038/srep15026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An important unresolved clinical issue is to distinguish hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused chronic hepatitis and their corresponding liver cirrhosis (LC). Recent research suggests that circulating microRNAs are useful biomarkers for a wide array of diseases. We analyzed microRNA profiles in the plasmas of a total of 495 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, LC patients and healthy donors and identified 10 miRNAs that were differentially expressed between CHB and LC patients. Our logistic models show that three panels of miRNAs have promising diagnostic performances in discriminating CHB from LC. Blinded tests were subsequently conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performances in clinical practice and a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 70% have been achieved in separating CHB from LC pateints. The expression levels of some circulating miRNAs were significantly correlated with HBV DNA load and liver function, such as prothrombin activity (PTA) and levels of alanin aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB) and cholinesterase (CHE). Our results provide important information for developing novel diagnostic tools for distinguishing chronic HBV hepatitis and their corresponding cirrhosis.
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Inhibitory Effect of Individual or Combinations of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies and Antiviral Reagents against Cell-Free and Cell-to-Cell HIV-1 Transmission. J Virol 2015; 89:7813-28. [PMID: 25995259 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00783-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED To date, most therapeutic and vaccine candidates for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are evaluated preclinically for efficacy against cell-free viral challenges. However, cell-associated HIV-1 is suggested to be a major contributor to sexual transmission by mucosal routes. To determine if neutralizing antibodies or inhibitors block cell-free and cell-associated virus transmission of diverse HIV-1 strains with different efficiencies, we tested 12 different antibodies and five inhibitors against four green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled HIV-1 envelope (Env) variants from transmitted/founder (T/F) or chronic infection isolates. We evaluated antibody/inhibitor-mediated virus neutralization using either TZM-bl target cells, in which infectivity was determined by virus-driven luciferase expression, or A3R5 lymphoblastoid target cells, in which infectivity was evaluated by GFP expression. In both the TZM-bl and A3R5 assays, cell-free virus or infected CD4+ lymphocytes were used as targets for neutralization. We further hypothesized that the combined use of specific neutralizing antibodies targeting HIV-1 Env would more effectively prevent cell-associated virus transmission than the use of individual antibodies. The tested antibody combinations included two gp120-directed antibodies, VRC01 and PG9, or VRC01 with the gp41-directed antibody 10E8. Our results demonstrated that cell-associated virus was less sensitive to neutralizing antibodies and inhibitors, particularly using the A3R5 neutralization assay, and the potencies of these neutralizing agents differed among Env variants. A combination of different neutralizing antibodies that target specific sites on gp120 led to a significant reduction in cell-associated virus transmission. These assays will help identify ideal combinations of broadly neutralizing antibodies to use for passive preventive antibody administration and further characterize targets for the most effective neutralizing antibodies/inhibitors. IMPORTANCE Prevention of the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a prominent goal of HIV research. The relative contribution of HIV-1 within an infected cell versus cell-free HIV-1 to virus transmission remains debated. It has been suggested that cell-associated virus is more efficient at transmitting HIV-1 and more difficult to neutralize than cell-free virus. Several broadly neutralizing antibodies and retroviral inhibitors are currently being studied as potential therapies against HIV-1 transmission. The present study demonstrates a decrease in neutralizing antibody and inhibitor efficiencies against cell-associated compared to cell-free HIV-1 transmission among different strains of HIV-1. We also observed a significant reduction in virus transmission using a combination of two different neutralizing antibodies that target specific sites on the outermost region of HIV-1, the virus envelope. Therefore, our findings support the use of antibody combinations against both cell-free and cell-associated virus in future candidate therapy regimens.
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Sadana A, Sadana N. Detection of Biomarkers for Different Diseases on Biosensor Surfaces Part II. BIOMARKERS AND BIOSENSORS 2015. [PMCID: PMC7151883 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53794-2.00011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter the authors analyze the binding and dissociation kinetics (if applicable) of (1) interferon-gamma as a function of aptamer variants and inclusion of spacer, (2) GST-N protein in PBS and GST-N protein in 10-fold diluted serum to a localized surface plasmon resonance coupled fluorescence biosensor, (3) cytochrome c mutant to a superoxide biosensor, (4) Carbonic Anhydrase-II to an 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzene sulfonamide ligand on an surface plasmon resonance biosensor surface, (5) glycerol secretion from differentiated (murine 3T3-L1) adipocytes to a microfluidic platform for fluorescence-based assay, and (6) different concentrations of C-reactive protein in solution to a sandwich-type assay using reflectometric interference spectroscopy (label-free detection method).
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Huang TJ, Chuang H, Liang YC, Lin HH, Horng JC, Kuo YC, Chen CW, Tsai FY, Yen SC, Chou SC, Hsu MH. Design, synthesis, and bioevaluation of paeonol derivatives as potential anti-HBV agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 90:428-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hepatitis B Awareness among Medical Students and Their Vaccination Status at Syrian Private University. HEPATITIS RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2014; 2014:131920. [PMID: 25478218 PMCID: PMC4244916 DOI: 10.1155/2014/131920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a potentially life-threating infection and a well-recognized occupational hazard for health-care workers including medical students. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Syrian Private University (SPU), Faculty of Medicine, to assess the knowledge and awareness about hepatitis B, the status of hepatitis B vaccination, and the reasons for not getting vaccinated among the first- and the fifth-year medical students. Results. The present study demonstrates surprising results and raises issues about the high number of medical students that are not vaccinated or not sure about their vaccination status, which puts them at a higher risk of being infected in the future. Another important issue is the medical students' overall knowledge about this life-threating infection. The students have not been totally educated about the gravity of the situation which requires the need of further HBV education. It is highly recommended that SPU provides the HBV vaccine to all nonvaccinated students attending the faculty of medicine at no cost to encourage them to take the HBV vaccine and to reform some of its educational curriculum to effectively limit the hazardous effects of this disease and elaborate on the serious health consequences of HBV.
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Sangkomkamhang US, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M. Hepatitis B vaccination during pregnancy for preventing infant infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD007879. [PMID: 25385500 PMCID: PMC7185858 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007879.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant hepatitis B infection increases the risk of chronic infection, cirrhosis or liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) in the adult. Perinatal transmission is a common route of infection. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and adverse effects of hepatitis B vaccine administered to pregnant women for preventing hepatitis B virus infection in infants. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 August 2014). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing hepatitis B vaccination compared with placebo or no treatment during pregnancy for preventing infant infection. Quasi-RCTs and cross-over studies were not eligible for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion. If any studies had been included, we planned to assess the risk of bias, extract data and check the data for accuracy of all included studies. MAIN RESULTS We did not identify any studies for inclusion. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no RCTs that assessed the effects of hepatitis B vaccine during pregnancy for preventing infant infection. Consequently, this review cannot provide guidance for clinical practice in this area. However, it does identify the need for well-designed randomized clinical trials to assess the effect of hepatitis B vaccine during pregnancy on the incidence of infant infection and to determine any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ussanee S Sangkomkamhang
- Khon Kaen HospitalDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySrichan RoadMaungKhon KaenThailand40000
| | - Pisake Lumbiganon
- Khon Kaen UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine123 Mitraparb RoadAmphur MuangKhon KaenThailand40002
| | - Malinee Laopaiboon
- Khon Kaen UniversityDepartment of Biostatistics and Demography, Faculty of Public Health123 Mitraparb RoadAmphur MuangKhon KaenThailand40002
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Anti-viral effect of a compound isolated from Liriope platyphylla against hepatitis B virus in vitro. Virus Res 2014; 192:16-24. [PMID: 25150190 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The compound LPRP-Et-97543 was isolated from Liriope platyphylla roots and was observed to have potential anti-viral effects in HepG2.2.15 cells against hepatitis B virus (HBV). The antiviral mode was further clarified, and the HBV-transfected Huh7 cells were used as the platform. During viral gene expression, LPRP-Et-97543 treatment had apparent effects on the viral precore/pregenomic and S/preS RNA. Promoter activity analysis demonstrated that LPRP-Et-97543 significantly reduced Core, S, and preS but not X promoter activities. Further examination showed that putative signaling pathways were involved in this inhibitory effect, indicating that NF-κB may serve a putative mediator of HBV gene regulation with LPRP-Et-97543. In addition, the nuclear expression of p65/p50 NF-κB member proteins was attenuated with LPRP-Et-97543 and augmented cytoplasmic IκBα protein levels but without affecting the expression of these proteins in HBV non-transfected cells during treatment. Moreover, LPRP-Et-97543 reduced the binding activity of NF-κB protein to CS1 element of HBV surface gene in a gel retardation analysis and inhibited CS1 containing promoter activity in HBV expressed cells. However, HBV transfection significantly enhances CS1 containing promoter activity without compound treatment in cells. Finally, transfection of the p65 expression plasmid significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of LPRP-Et-97543 on the replicated HBV DNA level in HBV positive cells. In conclusion, this study suggests that the mechanism of HBV inhibition by LPRP-Et-97543 may involve the feedback regulation of viral gene expression and viral DNA replication by HBV viral proteins, which interferes with the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) may have a negative effect on dendritic cell generation. Immunobiology 2014; 219:944-9. [PMID: 25150150 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to be a serious worldwide health problem despite the use of protective HBV vaccines and therapeutic regimens against chronic HBV infection. Chronic HBV patients cannot induce sufficient immune responses against the virus. HBV and its antigens are believed to suppress immune responses during chronic infection. Hence, studying the role of HBV in immune suppression is very important for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies for HBV infections. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) on the generation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and the stimulation of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). In the presence of HBeAg, the ratio of BMDCs was decreased, but the ratio of CD11b(+)Ly6G(+) immature myeloid cells was increased. The expression of 47 proteins was also changed during HBeAg treatment; however, CpG-induced MHC-II expression on pDCs was not affected. Our results indicate that HBeAg may have a negative effect on the generation of DCs from bone morrow precursors.
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Huang TJ, Chou BH, Lin CW, Weng JH, Chou CH, Yang LM, Lin SJ. Synthesis and antiviral effects of isosteviol-derived analogues against the hepatitis B virus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 99:107-14. [PMID: 24461778 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Among several isosteviol-derived analogues, NC-8 (ent-16-oxobeyeran-19-N-methylureido) showed inhibitory potency against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in HepG2 2.2.15 cells. Its anti-HBV mechanism was then next investigated in a human hepatoma cell culture system. Results showed that it specifically inhibited viral gene expression and reduced the level of encapsidated viral DNA intermediates in Huh7 cells that expressed replicating HBV. It also potently attenuated all viral promoter activity in HBV-expressing Huh7 cells, but not in cells lacking HBV expression. By examining its antiviral mechanism in cellular signaling pathways, NC-8 was found to inhibit the activity of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB element-containing promoter, but only slightly enhanced activities of activator protein (AP)-1- and interferon-sensitive response element (ISRE)-containing promoters in HBV-expressing cells. NC-8 also significantly eliminated NF-κB (p65/p50) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 proteins, but increased the IκBα protein level in a dose-dependent manner in HBV-transfected Huh7 cells, while these protein levels were apparently unchanged in non-transfected cells. Meanwhile, NC-8-treated nuclear extracts that co-expressed HBV inhibited the binding of NF-κB to the CS1 site of HBV major surface gene and specifically attenuated CS1-containing promoter activity. Taken together, this study suggests that the antiviral mechanism of NC-8 appears to be mediated by disturbing replication and gene expression of HBV and by inhibiting the host TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsurng-Juhn Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hon Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Long Shine Biopharma Co., Tainan 722, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hsien Weng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hung Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Division of Chinese Medicinal Chemistry, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Jiuan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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New amide alkaloids from Piper longum. Fitoterapia 2013; 84:222-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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GUO PENGTAO, YANG DONG, SUN ZHE, XU HUIMIAN. Hepatitis B virus X protein plays an important role in gastric ulcers. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:1653-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Sereno L, Mesquita F, Kato M, Jacka D, Nguyen TTV, Nguyen TN. Epidemiology, responses, and way forward: the silent epidemic of viral hepatitis and HIV coinfection in Vietnam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 11:311-20. [PMID: 22828983 DOI: 10.1177/1545109712453939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a disease of great concern to public health that is now met by a favorable momentum to combat the global epidemic. This article is intended to highlight the importance of viral hepatitis in the Vietnam population as well in the group of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We reviewed available data on epidemiology and response on hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV coinfection in Vietnam. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence in the general population ranged from 5.7% to 24.7%. The anti-HCV prevalence ranged from 0.38% to 4.3% in the general population, while among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) it ranged from 31% to 97.2%. The HBV prevalence among PLWHA is similar to the general population, while HCV/HIV coinfection is concentrated in some groups. Anti-HCV prevalence among HIV-infected PWIDs can be as high as 98.5%. Developing policies for diagnosis and treatment of chronic HBV and HCV infections are critical priorities in order to prevent clinical progression to cirrhosis and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Sereno
- 1World Health Organization Vietnam Country Office, Hanoi, Vietnam
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36
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Disposable immunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen based on a graphene paste electrode functionalized with gold nanoparticles and a Nafion-cysteine conjugate. Mikrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-012-0805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Japhet MO, Adesina OA, Donbraye E, Adewumi MO. Hepatitis B core IgM antibody (anti-HBcIgM) among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative blood donors in Nigeria. Virol J 2011; 8:513. [PMID: 22074048 PMCID: PMC3239416 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion associated Hepatitis B virus (TAHBV) continues to be a major problem despite mandatory screening for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg). Presence of HBsAg is the common method for detecting hepatitis B infection. Unfortunately, this marker is not detected during the window period of the infection. Nigeria being a developing country cannot afford DNA testing of all collected units of blood which serve as the only possibility of achieving zero risk of transfusion associated HBV. Five different serological makers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were therefore assessed to evaluate the reliability of using HBsAg marker alone in diagnosis of HBV infection among blood donors and to detect the serological evidence of the infection at the window period. This will preclude the possibility of transmitting hepatitis B through transfusion of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative blood in Nigeria. METHODS Between July and August 2009, 92 blood donors were enrolled for the study. The prevalence of 5 different markers of Hepatitis B virus infection was detected using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Demographic factors were assessed during the study. RESULTS HBsAg and its antibody (anti-HBs) was detected in 18 (19.6%) and 14(15.2%) of the 92 blood donors respectively. Anti-HBc IgM was found in 12(13.0%) of the 92 blood donors while Hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) and its antibody (anti-HBe) were detected in 4(8.9%) and 12(26.7%) respectively from 45 donors sampled. HBeAg is a marker of high infectivity and appears after HBsAg. At least one serological marker was detected in 30(32.6%) of the blood donors. Five (5.4%) of the 92 donors had anti-HBc IgM as the only serological evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. CONCLUSIONS The result of this study shows that five donors have anti-HBcIgM as the only serological evidence of HBV infection. Inclusion of anti-HBcIgM in routine screening of blood donors in Nigeria should be encouraged. This is the first study to assess anti-HBcIgM in the country.
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38
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Han Y, Wang B, Liu H. The novel use of a routine quantitative system to analyze the activity, content and affinity of an antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. J Clin Virol 2011; 52:295-9. [PMID: 21978612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, quantitative measurement of serum markers of HBV infection has been widely used, but commonly used analysis for specific antibodies only involves the measurement of the total antibody activity, and the binding affinity or protein content is rarely analyzed. OBJECTIVE To investigate the detailed features of an antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) during different periods of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with a new method of analysis. STUDY DESIGN Serum samples were collected from patients that were positive for the anti-HBc antibody. On the basis of the other serological markers in the samples, all patients were divided into a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive group and an antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs)-positive group. All samples were diluted 2-, 20- and 200-fold. Anti-HBc quantification was measured with a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay; total anti-HBc activity, protein content and affinity were calculated according to a measured value of each dilution. Serum HBV DNA load and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were also measured. RESULTS The total anti-HBc activity in the HBsAg-positive group was statistically higher than that in the anti-HBs-positive group (p<0.05). The anti-HBc protein content during active HBV infection was statistically higher than during the convalescence stage (p<0.05), while anti-HBc affinity during HBV infection was lower than during recovery. There were correlations among total activity, affinity, protein content of anti-HBc, and ALT, HBV-DNA (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is potentially possible to predict the status of HBV infection by measuring total activity, protein content and affinity of anti-HBc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Han
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Sogut I, Hatipoglu I, Kanbak G, Basalp A. Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Hepatitis B e Antigen and Hepatitis B Core Antigen. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2011; 30:475-9. [DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2011.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sogut
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Tubitak Marmara Research Center, Gebze–Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Hatipoglu
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Tubitak Marmara Research Center, Gebze–Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Biochemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Aynur Basalp
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Tubitak Marmara Research Center, Gebze–Kocaeli, Turkey
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Pereira C, Yalçın A, Cretich M, Chiari M, Unlü MS, Nunes D, Bergstein DA. Synergetic chemiluminescence and label-free dual detection for developing a hepatitis protein array. J Immunol Methods 2011; 371:159-64. [PMID: 21718699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A dual detection system for protein arrays is presented that combines label-free detection by optical interference with chemiluminescence. A planar protein array that targets hepatitis B surface antigen is developed. Surface densities for individual antibody spots are quantitated using optical interference prior to use. Target binding (10 ng/ml) is detected label-free. Target binding (1 ng/ml) is detected by both optical interference and chemiluminescence with the inclusion of secondary antibodies. Binding results using both methods are found to be directly proportion to the capture probe density measured initially. The dual detection system provides the analytical utility of optical interference detection with the established clinical utility of chemiluminescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pereira
- Zoiray Technologies Inc., Boston, MA, USA
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Chopra GS, Gupta PK, Anand AC, Varma PP, Nair V, Rai R. Real Time-PCR HBV-DNA Analysis: Significance and First Experience in Armed Forces. Med J Armed Forces India 2011; 61:234-7. [PMID: 27407767 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(05)80161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2003] [Accepted: 04/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HBV DNA quantitation is used extensively world wide for the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, it has still to be popular in India. The aim of this study was to quantitate HBV - DNA by Real time - PCR method in Hepatitis B and in immuno-compromised patients, to compare the results with HBeAg detection and to monitor the response to therapy of chronic Hepatitis B patients to antivirals. METHODS Ninety one serum samples of Hepatitis group of patients (all HBsAg positive), 41 samples from immuno-compromised patients (all HBsAg negative) and 49 patients of Chronic Hepatitis B group (all HBsAg positive) were the subjects of this first ever study in Armed Forces. Twenty serum samples from healthy volunteers and non-hepatitis B patients served as negative controls. The amplification detection was carried out in a Rotor-Gene 2000-sequence detector. RESULTS Amongst Hepatitis B group, 33% (30/91) of the samples were positive for HBV-DNA and 26% (24/91) of samples were positive for HBeAg. In the immuno-compromised group of patients 14.6% (6/11) of samples were positive for HIV-DNA and 9.7% (4/41) were positive for HBeAg. Of the Chronic Hepatitis B patients on treatment, all (100%) were positive by HBV-DNA, whereas 29/49 (59.2%) were positive by HBeAg before treatment. After treatment with antivirals, 06/49 (12.2%) were positive by both tests and 11/49 (22.5%) were positive only by HBV-DNA. 32/49 (65.3%) patients became negative serologically after therapy. CONCLUSION HBeAg status did not necessarily reflect HBV-DNA level in the serum, as 10/91 (11%) in the Hepatitis B group, 2/41 (4.9%) in the immuno compromised group and 20/49 (40.8%) patients in the Chronic Hepatitis B group were positive for HBV-DNA but negative for HBeAg. HBV-DNA was not found to be positive amongst any of the negative controls. Real time - PCR is a sensitive and reproducible assay for HBV-DNA quantitation and may be started in Armed Forces referral centers in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Chopra
- Senior Advisor (Pathology and Immunology), Army Hospital (R and R), Delhi Cantt
| | - P K Gupta
- Reader, Department of Blood Transfusion, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune
| | - A C Anand
- Professor and Head, Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune
| | - P P Varma
- Senior Advisor (Medicine and Nephrology), Army Hospital (R and R), Delhi Cantt
| | - V Nair
- Senior Advisor, (Medicine and Haematology), Army Hospital (R and R), Delhi Cantt
| | - Ramji Rai
- Director General Medical Services (Army), Army Head Quarters, New Delhi
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Khan F, Shams S, Qureshi ID, Israr M, Khan H, Sarwar MT, Ilyas M. Hepatitis B virus infection among different sex and age groups in Pakistani Punjab. Virol J 2011; 8:225. [PMID: 21569532 PMCID: PMC3118204 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious health problem in the developing countries including Pakistan. Various risk factors are responsible for the spread of this infectious disease. Prevalence of HBV infection in apparently suspected individual of Punjab province of Pakistan was analyzed during January 2008 to December 2010. Current study was aimed to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of HBV infection. METHODOLOGY Four thousand eight hundred and ninety patients suffering from chronic liver disease were screened for the presence of HBV DNA using qualitative Real Time PCR methodology to confirm their status of infection. A predesigned standard questionnaire was filled for all the patients that included information about the possible risk factors. RESULTS A total of 4890 ELISA positive patients were screened for Hepatitis B virus infection. Of these 3143 were positive for HBV, includes 68.15% males and 31.85% females. Male were observed to be more frequently infected as compared to the female with a positivity ratio of 2.14: 1. The rate of infection increases with the passage of time in the course of three years. Highest frequency of infection was found in the age of 21-30 was 34.93% followed by 23.83% in 31-40. Only (13.39%) were belonging to the age group 11-20 year. The rate of infection declines with increasing age as shown by age groups 41-50 (16.13%) and 51-60 (7.09%). While children aged 0-10 and very old >60 age groups were very less frequently 1.49% and 1.65% infected respectively. Important risk factors contributing to HBV spread include barber risk (23.60%), blood transfusion (4.04%), History of injection 26.19%, Reuse of syringes 26.60%, dental risk (11.20%) and surgical procedure (4.26%). Among the entire respondents trend sharing personal items was very common. History of injection, barber risk, surgery and dental procedure and reuse of syringes appear as major risk factors for the transmission. CONCLUSION Male were more frequently exposed to the risk factors as compared to female. Similarly the younger age group had high rate of infection as compared to the children's and the older age groups. Reuse of syringes', barber risk and History of injection were main risk identified during the present study. To lower HBV transmission rate Government should take aggressive steps towards massive awareness and vaccination programs to decrease the burden of HBV from the Punjab province of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Khan
- Test Care Diagnostic lab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Biocompatible and label-free amperometric immunosensor for hepatitis B surface antigen using a sensing film composed of poly(allylamine)-branched ferrocene and gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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44
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Sangkomkamhang US, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M. Hepatitis B vaccination during pregnancy for preventing infant infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD007879. [PMID: 21412913 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007879.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant hepatitis B infection increases risk of chronic infection, cirrhosis or liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) in adult. Perinatal transmission is a common route of infection. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and adverse effects of hepatitis B vaccine administered to pregnant women for preventing hepatitis B virus infection in infants. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 December 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing hepatitis B vaccination compared with placebo or no treatment during pregnancy for preventing infant infection. We excluded quasi-RCTs and crossover studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trial eligibility. MAIN RESULTS We were not able to include any studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no RCTs that assessed the effects of hepatitis B vaccine during pregnancy for preventing infant infection. Consequently, this review cannot provide guidance for clinical practice in this area. However, it does identify the need for well-designed randomized clinical trials for the effect of hepatitis B vaccine during pregnancy on the incidence of infant infection and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ussanee S Sangkomkamhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Khon Kaen Hospital, Srichan Road, Maung, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 40000
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Merrill RM, Hunter BD. Seroprevalence of markers for hepatitis B viral infection. Int J Infect Dis 2010; 15:e78-121. [PMID: 21130675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a comprehensive review of the prevalence of selected hepatitis B virus (HBV) seromarkers and to identify variability in seroprevalence across the 14 World Health Organization (WHO) sub-regions and among special groups and populations. METHODS Analyses involved 568 papers and 736 population studies. The complete data set included 21, 838, 249 individuals and covered the 14 WHO sub-regions. RESULTS Of the 687 studies that assessed hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence, 30% had low (<2% affected), 36% had intermediate (2-8% affected), and 34% had high (>8% affected) endemicity. Median HBsAg seroprevalence differed by selected populations and among geographic regions. Overall, median seroprevalence was highest for 'other' populations, followed by patients, then by pregnant women and children. Median seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) followed a similar endemicity pattern to that of HBsAg across the 14 WHO sub-regions. Median seroprevalence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) showed considerable variability within each population group, with the greatest potential for infectivity seen among children. CONCLUSIONS This population-based review provides a comprehensive assessment of the burden of HBV throughout the world. Significant differences in seroprevalence exist between WHO regions, study populations, and seromarker testing methods. The results presented in this study will enable health professionals to track worldwide reported seroprevalence of hepatitis B markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray M Merrill
- Department of Health Science, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
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Guo RH, Zhang Q, Ma YB, Luo J, Geng CA, Wang LJ, Zhang XM, Zhou J, Jiang ZY, Chen JJ. Structure-activity relationships study of 6-chloro-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl) quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as novel non-nucleoside anti-hepatitis B virus agents. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 46:307-19. [PMID: 21145140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 6-chloro-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl) quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anti-hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) activities in vitro to explore their structure-activity relationships (SARs). Most of the synthesized compounds possessed potent anti-HBV activity, of which the promising compound 44 exhibited significantly inhibitory potency against the secretion of hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) (IC(50) = 0.010 mM, SI > 135), hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg) (IC(50) = 0.026 mM, SI > 51) and the replication of HBV DNA (IC(50) = 0.045 mM). Preliminary mechanism study suggested compound 44 could mainly enhance the transcript activity of HBV ENI (enhancer I), EN-II (enhancer II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, PR China
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Whitfield K, Stoey LS, Skoog M, Lindschou Hansen J, Mumtaz K, Gluud C. Levamisole for chronic hepatitis B. Hippokratia 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Whitfield
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 3344, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark DK-2100
| | - Lina Saem Stoey
- Department 3344, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark DK-2100
| | - Maria Skoog
- Department 3344, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark DK-2100
| | - Jane Lindschou Hansen
- Department 3344, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark DK-2100
| | - Khalid Mumtaz
- Aga Khan University Hospital; Department of Medicine; Stadium Road PO Box 3500 Karachi Pakistan 74800
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 3344, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark DK-2100
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Brook G, Soriano V, Bergin C. European guideline for the management of hepatitis B and C virus infections, 2010. Int J STD AIDS 2010; 21:669-78. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2010.010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
These are the guidelines on hepatitis B and C management for IUSTI/WHO in Europe, 2010. They describe the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical features, treatment and prevention of hepatitis B and C with particular reference to sexual health clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brook
- Central Middlesex Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - C Bergin
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
An estimated 2 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (CHBV) in the United States and are at risk for long-term consequences such as cirrhosis, liver decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Less than 10 years ago, there was no treatment of CHBV infection, but now, new drugs have recently been approved and there is considerable new knowledge about the treatment of CHBV infection. Recently, consensus guidelines for the management of hepatitis B virus infection have been released by the National Institutes of Health and the American Medical Association, addressing the selection of patients and drugs for treatments. Determining what constitutes best practices to manage patients with CHBV is challenging and requires nurses and nurse practitioners to acquire and maintain up-to-date knowledge to understand recently approved drugs and disease management. Nurses and nurse practitioners should know how to identify patients who need treatment and how to educate, counsel, and monitor treatment adherence and side effects; these skills are crucially important. The goal of this article is to provide nurses with the most current consensus guidelines for the management of CHBV infection and their application in nursing practice to optimize treatment to enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeok Lee
- College of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
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Tang D, Tang J, Su B, Ren J, Chen G. Simultaneous determination of five-type hepatitis virus antigens in 5min using an integrated automatic electrochemical immunosensor array. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:1658-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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