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Jha RM, Rajasundaram D, Sneiderman C, Schlegel BT, O'Brien C, Xiong Z, Janesko-Feldman K, Trivedi R, Vagni V, Zusman BE, Catapano JS, Eberle A, Desai SM, Jadhav AP, Mihaljevic S, Miller M, Raikwar S, Rani A, Rulney J, Shahjouie S, Raphael I, Kumar A, Phuah CL, Winkler EA, Simon DW, Kochanek PM, Kohanbash G. A single-cell atlas deconstructs heterogeneity across multiple models in murine traumatic brain injury and identifies novel cell-specific targets. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00456-2. [PMID: 39019041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) heterogeneity remains a critical barrier to translating therapies. Identifying final common pathways/molecular signatures that integrate this heterogeneity informs biomarker and therapeutic-target development. We present the first large-scale murine single-cell atlas of the transcriptomic response to TBI (334,376 cells) across clinically relevant models, sex, brain region, and time as a foundational step in molecularly deconstructing TBI heterogeneity. Results were unique to cell populations, injury models, sex, brain regions, and time, highlighting the importance of cell-level resolution. We identify cell-specific targets and previously unrecognized roles for microglial and ependymal subtypes. Ependymal-4 was a hub of neuroinflammatory signaling. A distinct microglial lineage shared features with disease-associated microglia at 24 h, with persistent gene-expression changes in microglia-4 even 6 months after contusional TBI, contrasting all other cell types that mostly returned to naive levels. Regional and sexual dimorphism were noted. CEREBRI, our searchable atlas (https://shiny.crc.pitt.edu/cerebri/), identifies previously unrecognized cell subtypes/molecular targets and is a leverageable platform for future efforts in TBI and other diseases with overlapping pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira M Jha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation-Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Health Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Chaim Sneiderman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brent T Schlegel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Health Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Casey O'Brien
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Health Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Zujian Xiong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Keri Janesko-Feldman
- Safar Center for Resuscitation-Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Ria Trivedi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Vincent Vagni
- Safar Center for Resuscitation-Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Benjamin E Zusman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joshua S Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Adam Eberle
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | | | - Ashutosh P Jadhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Sandra Mihaljevic
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Margaux Miller
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Raikwar
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Anupama Rani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Jarrod Rulney
- University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Shima Shahjouie
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Itay Raphael
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Phuah
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ethan A Winkler
- Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dennis W Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation-Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Tanese K, Ogata D. The role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor family and CD74 in the pathogenesis of melanoma. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15122. [PMID: 38884501 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive tumour with poor prognosis that arises from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Over the past few decades, intense research into the pathogenesis of melanoma has led to the development of BRAF and immune checkpoint inhibitors, including antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), which have shown clinically significant efficacy. However, some tumours do not respond to these therapies initially or become treatment resistant. Most melanoma tissues appear to possess biological characteristics that allow them to evade these treatments, and identifying these characteristics is one of the major challenges facing cancer researchers. One such characteristic that has recently gained attention is the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its receptor CD74. This review outlines the cellular and molecular functions of CD74, MIF and their family of proteins. We then review their roles in tumours based on previous reports, highlight their pathological significance in melanoma and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Tanese
- Department of Dermatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Ogata
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Baeza C, Pintor-Chocano A, Carrasco S, Sanz A, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. Paricalcitol Has a Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Rat Endothelial Denudation-Induced Intimal Hyperplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4814. [PMID: 38732029 PMCID: PMC11084681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia is the main cause of vascular graft failure in the medium term. Vitamin D receptor activation modulates the biology of vascular smooth muscle cells and has been reported to protect from neointimal hyperplasia following endothelial injury. However, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We have now explored the impact of the selective vitamin D receptor activator, paricalcitol, on neointimal hyperplasia, following guidewire-induced endothelial cell injury in rats, and we have assessed the impact of paricalcitol or vehicle on the expression of key cell stress factors. Guidewire-induced endothelial cell injury caused neointimal hyperplasia and luminal stenosis and upregulated the expression of the growth factor growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), the cytokine receptor CD74, NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK, an upstream regulator of the proinflammatory transcription factor NFκB) and the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2). Immunohistochemistry confirmed the increased expression of the cellular proteins CD74 and NIK. Paricalcitol (administered in doses of 750 ng/kg of body weight, every other day) had a non-significant impact on neointimal hyperplasia and luminal stenosis. However, it significantly decreased GDF-15, CD74, NIK and MCP-1/CCL2 mRNA expression, which in paricalcitol-injured arteries remained within the levels found in control vehicle sham arteries. In conclusion, paricalcitol had a dramatic effect, suppressing the stress response to guidewire-induced endothelial cell injury, despite a limited impact on neointimal hyperplasia and luminal stenosis. This observation identifies novel molecular targets of paricalcitol in the vascular system, whose differential expression cannot be justified as a consequence of improved tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Baeza
- Department of Vascular Surgery, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Arancha Pintor-Chocano
- RICORS2040, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Carrasco
- RICORS2040, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sanz
- RICORS2040, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- RICORS2040, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- RICORS2040, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Wang Z, Khondowe P, Brannick E, Abasht B. Spatial transcriptomics reveals alterations in perivascular macrophage lipid metabolism in the onset of Wooden Breast myopathy in broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3450. [PMID: 38342952 PMCID: PMC10859375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to use spatial transcriptomics to characterize the cell-type-specific expression profile associated with the microscopic features observed in Wooden Breast myopathy. 1 cm3 muscle sample was dissected from the cranial part of the right pectoralis major muscle from three randomly sampled broiler chickens at 23 days post-hatch and processed with Visium Spatial Gene Expression kits (10X Genomics), followed by high-resolution imaging and sequencing on the Illumina Nextseq 2000 system. WB classification was based on histopathologic features identified. Sequence reads were aligned to the chicken reference genome (Galgal6) and mapped to histological images. Unsupervised K-means clustering and Seurat integrative analysis differentiated histologic features and their specific gene expression pattern, including lipid laden macrophages (LLM), unaffected myofibers, myositis and vasculature. In particular, LLM exhibited reprogramming of lipid metabolism with up-regulated lipid transporters and genes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors pathway, possibly through P. Moreover, overexpression of fatty acid binding protein 5 could enhance fatty acid uptake in adjacent veins. In myositis regions, increased expression of cathepsins may play a role in muscle homeostasis and repair by mediating lysosomal activity and apoptosis. A better knowledge of different cell-type interactions at early stages of WB is essential in developing a comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Wang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Paul Khondowe
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Erin Brannick
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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5
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Ke K, Wu Z, Lin J, Lin L, Huang N, Yang W. Increased Expression of CD74 in Atherosclerosis Associated with Inflammatory Responses of Endothelial Cells and Macrophages. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:294-310. [PMID: 37335371 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10421-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the relationship between CD74 and atherosclerosis (AS) and the mechanisms in oxidized LDL (ox-LDL)-induced endothelial cell and macrophage injury. Datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database are integrated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using R software. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to screen the target genes. The endothelial cell injury model and macrophage foaming model were established using ox-LDL, and CD74 expression was detected by Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB). Then, after silencing CD74, cell viability and ROS production were measured, and WB detected the expression of p-p38 MAPK and NF-κB. There were 268 DEGs associated with AS, of which CD74 was up-regulated. The turquoise module containing CD74 in WGCNA was positively associated with AS. Cell viability was significantly decreased in the endothelial cell injury and macrophage foaming models, while CD74, ROS production, NF-κB, and p-p38MAPK expression increased (P < 0.05). After silencing CD74, ROS production, NF-κB, and p-p38MAPK expression were decreased and cell viability was higher than the model group (P < 0.05). CD74 is up-regulated in endothelial cell injury and macrophage foaming models and is involved in AS progression via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ke
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhong Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junqing Lin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Longwang Lin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Weizhu Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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6
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Loftis JM, Ramani S, Firsick EJ, Hudson R, Le-Cook A, Murnane KS, Vandenbark A, Shirley RL. Immunotherapeutic treatment of inflammation in mice exposed to methamphetamine. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1259041. [PMID: 38025429 PMCID: PMC10666795 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1259041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Currently, there are no FDA-approved medications to treat methamphetamine addiction, including the inflammatory, neurotoxic, and adverse neuropsychiatric effects. We have shown that partial (p)MHC class II constructs (i.e., Recombinant T-cell receptor Ligand - RTL1000), comprised of the extracellular α1 and β1 domains of MHC class II molecules linked covalently to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-35-55 peptide, can address the neuroimmune effects of methamphetamine addiction through its ability to bind to and down-regulate CD74 expression, block macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) signaling, and reduce levels of pro-inflammatory chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). The present study evaluated the effects of our third-generation pMHC II construct, DRmQ, on cognitive function and concentration of inflammatory cytokines in the frontal cortex, a region critical for cognitive functions such as memory, impulse control, and problem solving. Methods Female and male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to methamphetamine (or saline) via subcutaneous (s.c.) injections administered four times per day every other day for 14 days. Following methamphetamine exposure, mice received immunotherapy (DRmQ or ibudilast) or vehicle s.c. injections daily for five days. Cognitive function was assessed using the novel object recognition test (NORT). To evaluate the effects of immunotherapy on inflammation in the frontal cortex, multiplex immunoassays were conducted. ANOVA was used to compare exploration times on the NORT and immune factor concentrations. Results Post hoc analysis revealed increased novel object exploration time in MA-DRmQ treated mice, as compared to MA-VEH treated mice (non-significant trend). One-way ANOVA detected a significant difference across the groups in the concentration of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) (p = 0.03). Post hoc tests indicated that mice treated with methamphetamine and DRmQ or ibudilast had significantly lower levels of MIP-2 in frontal cortex, as compared to mice treated with methamphetamine and vehicle (p > 0.05). Discussion By specifically targeting CD74, our DRQ constructs can block the signaling of MIF, inhibiting the downstream signaling and pro-inflammatory effects that contribute to and perpetuate methamphetamine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Loftis
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Methamphetamine Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sankrith Ramani
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Evan J. Firsick
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rebekah Hudson
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anh Le-Cook
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kevin S. Murnane
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Arthur Vandenbark
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Ebert S, Zang L, Ismail N, Otabil M, Fröhlich A, Egea V, Ács S, Hoeberg M, Berres ML, Weber C, Moreira JMA, Ries C, Bernhagen J, El Bounkari O. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 Interacts with CD74 to Promote AKT Signaling, Monocyte Recruitment Responses, and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. Cells 2023; 12:1899. [PMID: 37508563 PMCID: PMC10378328 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), an important regulator of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), has recently been shown to interact with CD74, a receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). However, the biological effects mediated by TIMP-1 through CD74 remain largely unexplored. Using sequence alignment and in silico protein-protein docking analysis, we demonstrated that TIMP-1 shares residues with both MIF and MIF-2, crucial for CD74 binding, but not for CXCR4. Subcellular colocalization, immunoprecipitation, and internalization experiments supported these findings, demonstrating that TIMP-1 interacts with surface-expressed CD74, resulting in its internalization in a dose-dependent manner, as well as with a soluble CD74 ectodomain fragment (sCD74). This prompted us to study the effects of the TIMP-1-CD74 axis on monocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSCMs) to assess its impact on vascular inflammation. A phospho-kinase array revealed the activation of serine/threonine kinases by TIMP-1 in THP-1 pre-monocytes, in particular AKT. Similarly, TIMP-1 dose-dependently triggered the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 in primary human monocytes. Importantly, Transwell migration, 3D-based Chemotaxis, and flow adhesion assays demonstrated that TIMP-1 engagement of CD74 strongly promotes the recruitment response of primary human monocytes, while live cell imaging studies revealed a profound activating effect on VSMC proliferation. Finally, re-analysis of scRNA-seq data highlighted the expression patterns of TIMP-1 and CD74 in human atherosclerotic lesions, thus, together with our experimental data, indicating a role for the TIMP-1-CD74 axis in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ebert
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lan Zang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Noor Ismail
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Otabil
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Fröhlich
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Virginia Egea
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Susann Ács
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Mikkel Hoeberg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Luise Berres
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - José M A Moreira
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ries
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Omar El Bounkari
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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8
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Shao X, Hou X, Zhang X, Zhang R, Zhu R, Qi H, Zheng J, Guo X, Feng R. Integrated single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals the vital cell types and dynamic development signature of atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1118239. [PMID: 37089432 PMCID: PMC10117136 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1118239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In the development of atherosclerosis, the remodeling of blood vessels is a key process involving plaque formation and rupture. So far, most reports mainly believe that macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells located at the intima and media of artery play the key role in this process. Few studies had focused on whether fibroblasts located at adventitia are involved in regulating disease process.Methods and results: In this study, we conducted in-depth analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data of the total of 18 samples from healthy and atherosclerotic arteries. This study combines several analysis methods including transcription regulator network, cell-cell communication network, pseudotime trajectory, gene set enrichment analysis, and differential expression analysis. We found that SERPINF1 is highly expressed in fibroblasts and is involved in the regulation of various signaling pathways.Conclusion: Our research reveals a potential mechanism of atherosclerosis, SERPINF1 regulates the formation and rupture of plaques through the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, which may provide new insights into the pathological study of disease. Moreover, we suggest that SRGN and IGKC as potential biomarkers for unstable arterial plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiuyang Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruijia Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rongli Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - He Qi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianling Zheng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Feng,
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9
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Li QL, Tang J, Zhao L, Ruze A, Shan XF, Gao XM. The role of CD74 in cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1049143. [PMID: 36712241 PMCID: PMC9877307 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1049143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte differentiation antigen 74 (CD74), also known as invariant chain, is a molecular chaperone of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules involved in antigen presentation. CD74 has recently been shown to be a receptor for the macrophage migration inhibitory factor family proteins (MIF/MIF2). Many studies have revealed that CD74 plays an important role in cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize the structure and main functions of CD74 and then focus on the recent research progress on the role of CD74 in cardiovascular diseases. In addition, we also discuss potential treatment strategies that target CD74. Our systematic review of the role of CD74 in cardiovascular disease will fill some knowledge gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Ürümqi, China,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Ürümqi, China
| | - Amanguli Ruze
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xue-Feng Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Ürümqi, China,Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-Ming Gao,
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10
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Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of mRNA Expression Profiles of Mice to Explore the Key Genes Involved in Crim1 Mutation-Induced Congenital Cataracts. Biochem Genet 2022:10.1007/s10528-022-10323-3. [PMID: 36586009 PMCID: PMC10372119 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Crim1 has been implicated in cataracts in mice and is of great importance in the development of the eye in both humans and mice. Therefore, we aimed to clarify how Crim1 mutations affect lens development and the molecular mechanism of cataracts in mice through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. The microarray chip was downloaded from the GEO database to obtain the gene expression profile data set. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the limma package. GO and KEGG analyses of DEGs were performed using the DAVID database. Then, we established the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network in Cytoscape. Next, we used MCODE to analyze the data. We obtained 750 DEGs in total, including 407 upregulated DEGs and 343 downregulated DEGs. GO analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly related to biological processes, such as apoptosis, cell translation and the immune system. KEGG analysis showed that the enriched functions and pathways were related to the processing and presentation of ribosomes, lysosomes, and antigens. We identified 18 HUB genes, among which four core genes, C1qa, C1qb, C1qc, and Cd74, were closely related to congenital cataracts induced by Crim1 mutation. This study reveals the molecular pathogenesis of congenital cataracts induced by Crim1, and this information is expected to facilitate clinical genetic testing, molecular diagnosis, prognosis, and individualized chemotherapy for congenital cataracts (CC).
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11
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Kim BH, Jung JW, Han D, Cha MJ, Chang JH. One-Week Dynamic Changes in Cardiac Proteomes After Cardiac Radioablation in Experimental Rat Model. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:898222. [PMID: 35837601 PMCID: PMC9273889 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.898222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) has been adopted to non-invasively treat catheter ablation-refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). VT episodes have been dramatically reduced after SABR, within weeks; however the underlying mechanisms of these clinical effects and potential mediators of early anti-arrhythmic effect remain unclear. Methods In this study, cardiac tissue was harvested from non-irradiated control (0 Gy), conventional irradiated control (2 Gy), and radioablative test (25 Gy) rat groups after 3 and 7 days of irradiation. The samples were proteomically analyzed to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEP) between different groups. Validation experiments were performed similar to validation in profiling where Data independent acquisition and parallel reaction monitoring methods were used. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD030878. Results Functional enrichment analysis of 25 Gy sample showed that among the downregulated proteins, “intracellular signal transduction” and “cell to cell adhesion” proteins were significantly affected at day 3 while “Ras protein signal transduction,” “GTPase regulation,” and “actin filament-based process” proteins were majorly affected at day 7. GO analysis demonstrated that most of the upregulated proteins belonged to the classes “cellular stress response,” “endomembranal organization,” or “endoplasmic reticulum stress response” at day 3. At day 7, 42 proteins, mainly associated with response to drug, organic substance, or radiation, were specifically upregulated in 25 Gy. DEP analysis of cardiac conduction showed Ryr2 and Cav1 upregulation and Cacna2d2, Gja3, Scnb2, and Kcnn3 downregulation in the 25 Gy group compared to 0 Gy. In validation experiments, four proteins (Gsta1, Myot, Ephx1, and Capg) were repeatedly detected with 25 Gy-specific patterns at day 7. Conclusions 25 Gy single fractional irradiation induces considerable cardiac proteome changes within the first 7 days, distinct from 2 Gy. Several candidate proteins displayed 25 Gy-specific changes and were related to oxidative stress-induced innate response or cardiac remodeling processes. Future studies should explore the specific role of these proteins upon cardiac radioablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Hyuck Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jung
- Proteomics Core Facility, Transdisciplinary Research and Collaboration, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Proteomics Core Facility, Transdisciplinary Research and Collaboration, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Dohyun Han
| | - Myung-Jin Cha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Myung-Jin Cha
| | - Ji Hyun Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Ji Hyun Chang
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12
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CD74 in Apoptotic Macrophages Is Associated with Inflammation, Plaque Progression and Clinical Manifestations in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010054. [PMID: 35050177 PMCID: PMC8781814 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether CD74 levels in atherosclerotic lesions are associated with inflammation, apoptosis, plaque severity, and clinical symptoms among patients with carotid atherosclerosis. We further studied whether CD74 expression is associated with apoptosis in macrophages induced by 7ketocholesterol (7keto). Sixty-one carotid samples (39 males and 22 females) were immunostained with macrophages, smooth muscle cells, CD74, ferritin, TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling), and thrombin receptors. Double immunocytochemistry of CD74 and caspase 3 or CD74 and Annexin V was performed on THP-1 macrophages exposed to 7keto. In human carotid plaques, CD74 expression is lesion-dependently increased and is associated with necrotic core formation and plaque rupture, clinical symptoms, macrophage apoptosis, ferritin, and thrombin receptors. CD74 levels were inversely correlated to high-density lipoproteins and statin treatment, and positively correlated to triglycerides. In THP-1 macrophages, 7keto induced a significant increase in levels of CD74, ferritin, and apoptotic cell death. This study suggests that CD74 in apoptotic macrophages is linked to inflammation and thrombosis in progression of human atherosclerotic plaques, lipid metabolism, and clinical manifestation in atherosclerosis. Surface CD74 in apoptotic macrophages and ferritin production induced by oxidized lipids may contribute to inflammation and plaque vulnerability in atherosclerosis.
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13
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Xu K, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Gillespie A, Drummer C, Liu L, Lu Y, Sun Y, Xi H, Tükel Ç, Pratico D, Qin X, Sun J, Choi ET, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Novel Knowledge-Based Transcriptomic Profiling of Lipid Lysophosphatidylinositol-Induced Endothelial Cell Activation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:773473. [PMID: 34912867 PMCID: PMC8668339 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.773473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether pro-inflammatory lipid lysophosphatidylinositols (LPIs) upregulate the expressions of membrane proteins for adhesion/signaling and secretory proteins in human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) activation, we developed an EC biology knowledge-based transcriptomic formula to profile RNA-Seq data panoramically. We made the following primary findings: first, G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), the LPI receptor, is expressed in the endothelium of both human and mouse aortas, and is significantly upregulated in hyperlipidemia; second, LPIs upregulate 43 clusters of differentiation (CD) in HAECs, promoting EC activation, innate immune trans-differentiation, and immune/inflammatory responses; 72.1% of LPI-upregulated CDs are not induced in influenza virus-, MERS-CoV virus- and herpes virus-infected human endothelial cells, which hinted the specificity of LPIs in HAEC activation; third, LPIs upregulate six types of 640 secretomic genes (SGs), namely, 216 canonical SGs, 60 caspase-1-gasdermin D (GSDMD) SGs, 117 caspase-4/11-GSDMD SGs, 40 exosome SGs, 179 Human Protein Atlas (HPA)-cytokines, and 28 HPA-chemokines, which make HAECs a large secretory organ for inflammation/immune responses and other functions; fourth, LPIs activate transcriptomic remodeling by upregulating 172 transcription factors (TFs), namely, pro-inflammatory factors NR4A3, FOS, KLF3, and HIF1A; fifth, LPIs upregulate 152 nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial (mitoCarta) genes, which alter mitochondrial mechanisms and functions, such as mitochondrial organization, respiration, translation, and transport; sixth, LPIs activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanism by upregulating 18 ROS regulators; finally, utilizing the Cytoscape software, we found that three mechanisms, namely, LPI-upregulated TFs, mitoCarta genes, and ROS regulators, are integrated to promote HAEC activation. Our results provide novel insights into aortic EC activation, formulate an EC biology knowledge-based transcriptomic profile strategy, and identify new targets for the development of therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory conditions, immune diseases, organ transplantation, aging, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keman Xu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Aria Gillespie
- Neural Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hang Xi
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Center for Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Domenico Pratico
- Alzheimer's Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xuebin Qin
- National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric T Choi
- Surgery (Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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14
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Papadopoulou AA, Fluhrer R. Signaling Functions of Intramembrane Aspartyl-Proteases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:591787. [PMID: 33381526 PMCID: PMC7768045 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.591787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramembrane proteolysis is more than a mechanism to “clean” the membranes from proteins no longer needed. By non-reversibly modifying transmembrane proteins, intramembrane cleaving proteases hold key roles in multiple signaling pathways and often distinguish physiological from pathological conditions. Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and signal peptide peptidase-like proteases (SPPLs) recently have been associated with multiple functions in the field of signal transduction. SPP/SPPLs together with presenilins (PSs) are the only two families of intramembrane cleaving aspartyl proteases known in mammals. PS1 or PS2 comprise the catalytic center of the γ-secretase complex, which is well-studied in the context of Alzheimer's disease. The mammalian SPP/SPPL family of intramembrane cleaving proteases consists of five members: SPP and its homologous proteins SPPL2a, SPPL2b, SPPL2c, and SPPL3. Although these proteases were discovered due to their homology to PSs, it became evident in the past two decades that no physiological functions are shared between these two families. Based on studies in cell culture models various substrates of SPP/SPPL proteases have been identified in the past years and recently-developed mouse lines lacking individual members of this protease family, will help to further clarify the physiological functions of these proteases. In this review we concentrate on signaling roles of mammalian intramembrane cleaving aspartyl proteases. In particular, we will highlight the signaling roles of PS via its substrates NOTCH, VEGF, and others, mainly focusing on its involvement in vasculature. Delineating also signaling pathways that are affected and/or controlled by SPP/SPPL proteases. From SPP's participation in tumor progression and survival, to SPPL3's regulation of protein glycosylation and SPPL2c's control over cellular calcium stores, various crossovers between proteolytic activity of intramembrane proteases and cell signaling will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkmini A Papadopoulou
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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15
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Loftis JM, Navis T, Taylor J, Hudson R, Person U, Lattal KM, Vandenbark AA, Shirley R, Huckans M. Partial MHC/neuroantigen peptide constructs attenuate methamphetamine-seeking and brain chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 levels in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 880:173175. [PMID: 32416183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There are no medications that target the neurotoxic effects or reduce the use of methamphetamine. Recombinant T-cell receptor ligand (RTL) 1000 [a partial major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) class II construct with a tethered myelin peptide], addresses the neuroimmune effects of methamphetamine addiction by competitively inhibiting the disease-promoting activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor to CD74, a key pathway involved in several chronic inflammatory conditions, including substance use disorders. We previously reported that RTL constructs improve learning and memory impairments and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation induced by methamphetamine in mouse models. The present study in Lewis rats evaluated the effects of RTL1000 on maintenance of self-administration and cue-induced reinstatement using operant behavioral methods. Post-mortem brain and serum samples were evaluated for the levels of inflammatory factors. Rats treated with RTL1000 displayed significantly fewer presses on the active lever as compared to rats treated with vehicle during the initial extinction session, indicating more rapid extinction in the presence of RTL1000. Immunoblotting of rat brain sections revealed reduced levels of the pro-inflammatory chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in the frontal cortex of rats treated with RTL1000, as compared to vehicle. Post hoc analysis identified a positive association between the levels of CCL2 detected in the frontal cortex and the number of lever presses during the first extinction session. Taken together, results suggest that RTL1000 may block downstream inflammatory effects of methamphetamine exposure and facilitate reduced drug seeking-potentially offering a new strategy for the treatment of methamphetamine-induced CNS injury and neuropsychiatric impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Loftis
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Methamphetamine Research Center, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Tommy Navis
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jonathan Taylor
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rebekah Hudson
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ulziibat Person
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - K Matthew Lattal
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Renee Shirley
- Virogenomics BioDevelopment, Inc., Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marilyn Huckans
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Methamphetamine Research Center, Portland, OR, USA; Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
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16
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Pejenaute Á, Cortés A, Marqués J, Montero L, Beloqui Ó, Fortuño A, Martí A, Orbe J, Zalba G. NADPH Oxidase Overactivity Underlies Telomere Shortening in Human Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041434. [PMID: 32093292 PMCID: PMC7073034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere shortening and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Different studies have shown that phagocytic NADPH oxidase is associated with this disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between phagocytic NADPH oxidase and telomere shortening in human atherosclerosis. To assess this potential association, telomere length and phagocytic NADPH oxidase activity were determined by PCR and chemiluminescence, respectively, in a population of asymptomatic subjects free of overt clinical atherosclerosis. We also measured serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels (an index of oxidative stress) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. After adjusting them for age and sex, telomere length inversely correlated (p < 0.05) with NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production, with 8-OHdG values, and with carotid IMT. Interestingly, the asymptomatic subjects with plaques have a lower telomere length (p < 0.05), and higher values of plasma 8-OHdG and superoxide production (p < 0.05). These data were confirmed in a second population in which patients with coronary artery disease showed lower telomere length and higher 8-OHdG and superoxide production than the asymptomatic subjects. In both studies, NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production in phagocytic cells was only due to the specific expression of the Nox2 isoform. In conclusion, these findings suggest that phagocytic NADPH oxidase may be involved in oxidative stress-mediated telomere shortening, and that this axis may be critically involved in human atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Pejenaute
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.P.); (A.C.); (J.M.); (L.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Ó.B.); (A.M.); (J.O.)
| | - Adriana Cortés
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.P.); (A.C.); (J.M.); (L.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Ó.B.); (A.M.); (J.O.)
| | - Javier Marqués
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.P.); (A.C.); (J.M.); (L.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Ó.B.); (A.M.); (J.O.)
| | - Laura Montero
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.P.); (A.C.); (J.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Óscar Beloqui
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Ó.B.); (A.M.); (J.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Fortuño
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Amelia Martí
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Ó.B.); (A.M.); (J.O.)
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josune Orbe
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Ó.B.); (A.M.); (J.O.)
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.P.); (A.C.); (J.M.); (L.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Ó.B.); (A.M.); (J.O.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Lin JD, Nishi H, Poles J, Niu X, Mccauley C, Rahman K, Brown EJ, Yeung ST, Vozhilla N, Weinstock A, Ramsey SA, Fisher EA, Loke P. Single-cell analysis of fate-mapped macrophages reveals heterogeneity, including stem-like properties, during atherosclerosis progression and regression. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124574. [PMID: 30830865 PMCID: PMC6478411 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death worldwide in industrialized countries. Disease progression and regression are associated with different activation states of macrophages derived from inflammatory monocytes entering the plaques. The features of monocyte-to-macrophage transition and the full spectrum of macrophage activation states during either plaque progression or regression, however, are incompletely established. Here, we use a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and genetic fate mapping to profile, for the first time to our knowledge, plaque cells derived from CX3CR1+ precursors in mice during both progression and regression of atherosclerosis. The analyses revealed a spectrum of macrophage activation states with greater complexity than the traditional M1 and M2 polarization states, with progression associated with differentiation of CXC3R1+ monocytes into more distinct states than during regression. We also identified an unexpected cluster of proliferating monocytes with a stem cell-like signature, suggesting that monocytes may persist in a proliferating self-renewal state in inflamed tissue, rather than differentiating immediately into macrophages after entering the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hitoo Nishi
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Xiang Niu
- Tri-Institutional Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Karishma Rahman
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily J. Brown
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Ada Weinstock
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen A. Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Department of Microbiology and
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Tilstam PV, Qi D, Leng L, Young L, Bucala R. MIF family cytokines in cardiovascular diseases and prospects for precision-based therapeutics. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:671-683. [PMID: 28562118 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1336227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine with chemokine-like functions that increasingly is being studied in different aspects of cardiovascular disease. MIF was first identified as a proinflammatory and pro-survival mediator within the immune system, and a second structurally related MIF family member, D-dopachrome tautomerase (a.k.a. MIF-2), was reported recently. Both MIF family members are released by myocardium and modulate the manifestations of cardiovascular disease, specifically in myocardial ischemia. Areas covered: A scientific overview is provided for the involvement of MIF family cytokines in the inflammatory pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. We summarize findings of experimental, human genetic and clinical studies, and suggest therapeutic opportunities for modulating the activity of MIF family proteins that potentially may be applied in a MIF allele specific manner. Expert opinion: Knowledge of MIF, MIF-2 and their receptor pathways are under active investigation in different types of cardiovascular diseases, and novel therapeutic opportunities are being identified. Clinical translation may be accelerated by accruing experience with MIF-directed therapies currently in human testing in cancer and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathricia V Tilstam
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Dake Qi
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , Canada
| | - Lin Leng
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Lawrence Young
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
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19
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Fan Y, Zhang J, Chen CY, Xiao YB, Asico LD, Jose PA, Xu JC, Qian GS, Zeng CY. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor triggers vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation by a p68-serum response factor axis. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:519-530. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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The biological function and significance of CD74 in immune diseases. Inflamm Res 2016; 66:209-216. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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21
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Gupta A, Bhatnagar S. Vasoregression: A Shared Vascular Pathology Underlying Macrovascular And Microvascular Pathologies? OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 19:733-53. [PMID: 26669709 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vasoregression is a common phenomenon underlying physiological vessel development as well as pathological microvascular diseases leading to peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, and vascular oculopathies. In this review, we describe the hallmarks and pathways of vasoregression. We argue here that there is a parallel between characteristic features of vasoregression in the ocular microvessels and atherosclerosis in the larger vessels. Shared molecular pathways and molecular effectors in the two conditions are outlined, thus highlighting the possible systemic causes of local vascular diseases. Our review gives us a system-wide insight into factors leading to multiple synchronous vascular diseases. Because shared molecular pathways might usefully address the diagnostic and therapeutic needs of multiple common complex diseases, the literature analysis presented here is of broad interest to readership in integrative biology, rational drug development and systems medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Gupta
- 1 Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology , Dwarka, New Delhi, India .,2 Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College , Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- 1 Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology , Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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22
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Wilkinson RDA, Magorrian SM, Williams R, Young A, Small DM, Scott CJ, Burden RE. CCL2 is transcriptionally controlled by the lysosomal protease cathepsin S in a CD74-dependent manner. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29725-39. [PMID: 26358505 PMCID: PMC4745758 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins S (CatS) has been implicated in numerous tumourigenic processes and here we document for the first time its involvement in CCL2 regulation within the tumour microenvironment. Analysis of syngeneic tumours highlighted reduced infiltrating macrophages in CatS depleted tumours. Interrogation of tumours and serum revealed genetic ablation of CatS leads to the depletion of several pro-inflammatory chemokines, most notably, CCL2. This observation was validated in vitro, where shRNA depletion of CatS resulted in reduced CCL2 expression. This regulation is transcriptionally mediated, as evident from RT-PCR analysis and CCL2 promoter studies. We revealed that CatS regulation of CCL2 is modulated through CD74 (also known as the invariant chain), a known substrate of CatS and a mediator of NFkB activity. Furthermore, CatS and CCL2 show a strong clinical correlation in brain, breast and colon tumours. In summary, these results highlight a novel mechanism by which CatS controls CCL2, which may present a useful pharmacodynamic marker for CatS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D A Wilkinson
- Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Sinead M Magorrian
- Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Rich Williams
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Andrew Young
- Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Donna M Small
- Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Roberta E Burden
- Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
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23
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Relationship between elevated soluble CD74 and severity of experimental and clinical ALI/ARDS. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30067. [PMID: 27444250 PMCID: PMC4957083 DOI: 10.1038/srep30067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CD74 is expressed on the cell surface of pulmonary macrophages and contributes to macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-induced inflammatory response in acute lung injury (ALI). A circulating form of CD74 (soluble CD74, sCD74) was recently discovered in autoimmune liver disease. Using two murine ALI models and cells culture, we examined the presence of sCD74 in circulation and alveolar space and preliminarily assessed the biological function of sCD74. The concentrations of sCD74 were increased in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of murine ALI models. The elevated levels of sCD74 in BALF positively correlated with lung permeability and inflammation. In addition, sCD74 is secreted by macrophages in response to MIF stimulation and itself can stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines. Our clinical study confirmed some findings of basic research. Moreover, we also found Day 3 serum sCD74 levels were associated with worse clinical outcomes. In conclusion, higher serum sCD74 levels may reflect more severe lung injury and may be used to help physicians determine prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
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24
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Lin J, Hu Y, Nunez S, Foulkes AS, Cieply B, Xue C, Gerelus M, Li W, Zhang H, Rader DJ, Musunuru K, Li M, Reilly MP. Transcriptome-Wide Analysis Reveals Modulation of Human Macrophage Inflammatory Phenotype Through Alternative Splicing. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1434-47. [PMID: 27230130 PMCID: PMC4919157 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human macrophages can shift phenotype across the inflammatory M1 and reparative M2 spectrum in response to environmental challenges, but the mechanisms promoting inflammatory and cardiometabolic disease-associated M1 phenotypes remain incompletely understood. Alternative splicing (AS) is emerging as an important regulator of cellular function, yet its role in macrophage activation is largely unknown. We investigated the extent to which AS occurs in M1 activation within the cardiometabolic disease context and validated a functional genomic cell model for studying human macrophage-related AS events. APPROACH AND RESULTS From deep RNA-sequencing of resting, M1, and M2 primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, we found 3860 differentially expressed genes in M1 activation and detected 233 M1-induced AS events; the majority of AS events were cell- and M1-specific with enrichment for pathways relevant to macrophage inflammation. Using genetic variant data for 10 cardiometabolic traits, we identified 28 trait-associated variants within the genomic loci of 21 alternatively spliced genes and 15 variants within 7 differentially expressed regulatory splicing factors in M1 activation. Knockdown of 1 such splicing factor, CELF1, in primary human macrophages led to increased inflammatory response to M1 stimulation, demonstrating CELF1's potential modulation of the M1 phenotype. Finally, we demonstrated that an induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophage system recapitulates M1-associated AS events and provides a high-fidelity macrophage AS model. CONCLUSIONS AS plays a role in defining macrophage phenotype in a cell- and stimulus-specific fashion. Alternatively spliced genes and splicing factors with trait-associated variants may reveal novel pathways and targets in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Lin
- From the Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (J.L.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (Y.H., M.L.), Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine (B.C., K.M., D.J.R.), and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (M.G., W.L., K.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.X., H.Z., M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (S.N., A.S.F.).
| | - Yu Hu
- From the Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (J.L.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (Y.H., M.L.), Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine (B.C., K.M., D.J.R.), and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (M.G., W.L., K.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.X., H.Z., M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (S.N., A.S.F.)
| | - Sara Nunez
- From the Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (J.L.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (Y.H., M.L.), Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine (B.C., K.M., D.J.R.), and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (M.G., W.L., K.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.X., H.Z., M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (S.N., A.S.F.)
| | - Andrea S Foulkes
- From the Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (J.L.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (Y.H., M.L.), Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine (B.C., K.M., D.J.R.), and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (M.G., W.L., K.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.X., H.Z., M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (S.N., A.S.F.)
| | - Benjamin Cieply
- From the Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (J.L.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (Y.H., M.L.), Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine (B.C., K.M., D.J.R.), and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (M.G., W.L., K.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.X., H.Z., M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (S.N., A.S.F.)
| | - Chenyi Xue
- From the Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (J.L.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (Y.H., M.L.), Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine (B.C., K.M., D.J.R.), and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (M.G., W.L., K.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.X., H.Z., M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (S.N., A.S.F.)
| | - Mark Gerelus
- From the Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (J.L.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (Y.H., M.L.), Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine (B.C., K.M., D.J.R.), and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (M.G., W.L., K.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.X., H.Z., M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (S.N., A.S.F.)
| | - Wenjun Li
- From the Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (J.L.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (Y.H., M.L.), Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine (B.C., K.M., D.J.R.), and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (M.G., W.L., K.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.X., H.Z., M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (S.N., A.S.F.)
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- From the Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (J.L.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (Y.H., M.L.), Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine (B.C., K.M., D.J.R.), and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (M.G., W.L., K.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.X., H.Z., M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (S.N., A.S.F.)
| | - Daniel J Rader
- From the Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (J.L.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (Y.H., M.L.), Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine (B.C., K.M., D.J.R.), and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (M.G., W.L., K.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.X., H.Z., M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (S.N., A.S.F.)
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- From the Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (J.L.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (Y.H., M.L.), Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine (B.C., K.M., D.J.R.), and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (M.G., W.L., K.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.X., H.Z., M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (S.N., A.S.F.)
| | - Mingyao Li
- From the Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (J.L.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (Y.H., M.L.), Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine (B.C., K.M., D.J.R.), and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (M.G., W.L., K.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.X., H.Z., M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (S.N., A.S.F.)
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- From the Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (J.L.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (Y.H., M.L.), Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine (B.C., K.M., D.J.R.), and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine (M.G., W.L., K.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.X., H.Z., M.P.R.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (S.N., A.S.F.).
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Chmielewski S, Piaszyk-Borychowska A, Wesoly J, Bluyssen HAR. STAT1 and IRF8 in Vascular Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential. Int Rev Immunol 2015; 35:434-454. [DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1087519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Chmielewski
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Piaszyk-Borychowska
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Wesoly
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hans A. R. Bluyssen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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26
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Wang J, Wei B, Cao S, Xu F, Chen W, Lin H, Du C, Sun Z. Identification by microarray technology of key genes involved in the progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Genes Genet Syst 2015; 89:253-8. [PMID: 25948119 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.89.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative analysis of gene expression profiles between early and advanced carotid atherosclerotic plaque was performed to identify key genes and pathways involved in the progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Gene expression data set GSE28829 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, including 13 early and 16 advanced atherosclerotic plaque samples from human carotid. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the package limma of R. Principal component analysis was carried out for the DEGs with package rgl of R. A gene coexpression network was constructed with information from COXPRESdb and then visualized with Cytoscape. Functional enrichment analysis was performed with DAVID and pathway enrichment analysis was done with KEGG. A total of 319 DEGs were identified in the advanced atherosclerotic plaque samples compared with early atherosclerotic plaque samples, including 267 up-regulated genes and 52 down-regulated genes. In the gene coexpression network, TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein was the hub gene with a degree of 23. Functional enrichment analysis and pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the immune response played a critical role in the progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaque. A number of key genes were revealed in carotid atherosclerotic plaque, and are potential biomarkers for diagnosis or treatment. These findings may also guide future research to better decipher the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033; 2. Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia National University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
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27
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Stoppe C, Rex S, Goetzenich A, Kraemer S, Emontzpohl C, Soppert J, Averdunk L, Sun Y, Rossaint R, Lue H, Huang C, Song Y, Pantouris G, Lolis E, Leng L, Schulte W, Bucala R, Weber C, Bernhagen J. Interaction of MIF Family Proteins in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Damage and Their Influence on Clinical Outcome of Cardiac Surgery Patients. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:865-79. [PMID: 26234719 PMCID: PMC4615780 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac surgery involves myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) with potentially deleterious consequences. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a stress-regulating chemokine-like cytokine that protects against I/R damage, but functional links with its homolog, d-dopachrome tautomerase (MIF-2), and the circulating soluble receptor CD74 (sCD74) are unknown. In this study, we investigate the role of MIF, MIF-2, sCD74, and MIF genotypes in patients scheduled for elective single or complex surgical procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting or valve replacement. RESULTS MIF and MIF-2 levels significantly increased intraoperatively, whereas measured sCD74 decreased correspondingly. Circulating sCD74/MIF complexes were detectable in 50% of patients and enhanced MIF antioxidant activity. Intraoperative MIF levels were independently associated with a reduced risk for the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) (odds ratio 0.99 [0.98-1.00]; p=0.007). Circulating levels of MIF-2, but not MIF, were associated with an increased frequency of organ dysfunction and predicted the occurrence of AF (area under the curve [AUC]=0.663; p=0.041) and pneumonia (AUC=0.708; p=0.040). Patients with a high-expression MIF genotype exhibited a reduced incidence of organ dysfunction compared with patients with low-expression MIF genotypes (3 vs. 25; p=0.042). INNOVATION The current study comprehensively highlights the kinetics and clinical relevance of MIF family proteins and the MIF genotype in cardiac surgery patients. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that increased MIF levels during cardiac surgery feature organ-protective properties during myocardial I/R, while the soluble MIF receptor, sCD74, may enhance MIF antioxidant activity. In contrast, high MIF-2 levels are predictive of the development of organ dysfunction. Importantly, we provide first evidence for a gene-phenotype relationship between variant MIF alleles and clinical outcome in cardiac surgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stoppe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Rex
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Goetzenich
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra Kraemer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Emontzpohl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Josefin Soppert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Luisa Averdunk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Burn Surgery, Shanghai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Changhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hongqi Lue
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Caleb Huang
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Georgios Pantouris
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elias Lolis
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wibke Schulte
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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28
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Djudjaj S, Lue H, Rong S, Papasotiriou M, Klinkhammer BM, Zok S, Klaener O, Braun GS, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Bucala R, Tittel AP, Kurts C, Moeller MJ, Floege J, Ostendorf T, Bernhagen J, Boor P. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Mediates Proliferative GN via CD74. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1650-64. [PMID: 26453615 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathologic proliferation of mesangial and parietal epithelial cells (PECs) is a hallmark of various glomerulonephritides. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that mediates inflammation by engagement of a receptor complex involving the components CD74, CD44, CXCR2, and CXCR4. The proliferative effects of MIF may involve CD74 together with the coreceptor and PEC activation marker CD44. Herein, we analyzed the effects of local glomerular MIF/CD74/CD44 signaling in proliferative glomerulonephritides. MIF, CD74, and CD44 were upregulated in the glomeruli of patients and mice with proliferative glomerulonephritides. During disease, CD74 and CD44 were expressed de novo in PECs and colocalized in both PECs and mesangial cells. Stress stimuli induced MIF secretion from glomerular cells in vitro and in vivo, in particular from podocytes, and MIF stimulation induced proliferation of PECs and mesangial cells via CD74. In murine crescentic GN, Mif-deficient mice were almost completely protected from glomerular injury, the development of cellular crescents, and the activation and proliferation of PECs and mesangial cells, whereas wild-type mice were not. Bone marrow reconstitution studies showed that deficiency of both nonmyeloid and bone marrow-derived Mif reduced glomerular cell proliferation and injury. In contrast to wild-type mice, Cd74-deficient mice also were protected from glomerular injury and ensuing activation and proliferation of PECs and mesangial cells. Our data suggest a novel molecular mechanism and glomerular cell crosstalk by which local upregulation of MIF and its receptor complex CD74/CD44 mediate glomerular injury and pathologic proliferation in GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Djudjaj
- Department of Pathology, Department of Nephrology and Immunology, and
| | - Hongqi Lue
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Song Rong
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, and
| | | | | | | | - Ole Klaener
- Department of Pathology, Department of Nephrology and Immunology, and
| | | | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Division of Nephrology and Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Division of Nephrology and Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andre P Tittel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and
| | | | | | | | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany;
| | - Peter Boor
- Department of Pathology, Department of Nephrology and Immunology, and Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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29
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Valiño-Rivas L, Baeza-Bermejillo C, Gonzalez-Lafuente L, Sanz AB, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. CD74 in Kidney Disease. Front Immunol 2015; 6:483. [PMID: 26441987 PMCID: PMC4585214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD74 (invariant MHC class II) regulates protein trafficking and is a receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and d-dopachrome tautomerase (d-DT/MIF-2). CD74 expression is increased in tubular cells and/or glomerular podocytes and parietal cells in human metabolic nephropathies, polycystic kidney disease, graft rejection and kidney cancer and in experimental diabetic nephropathy and glomerulonephritis. Stressors like abnormal metabolite (glucose, lyso-Gb3) levels and inflammatory cytokines increase kidney cell CD74. MIF activates CD74 to increase inflammatory cytokines in podocytes and tubular cells and proliferation in glomerular parietal epithelial cells and cyst cells. MIF overexpression promotes while MIF targeting protects from experimental glomerular injury and kidney cysts, and interference with MIF/CD74 signaling or CD74 deficiency protected from crescentic glomerulonephritis. However, CD74 may protect from interstitial kidney fibrosis. Furthermore, CD74 expression by stressed kidney cells raises questions about the kidney safety of cancer therapy strategies delivering lethal immunoconjugates to CD74-expressing cells. Thus, understanding CD74 biology in kidney cells is relevant for kidney therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Valiño-Rivas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ciro Baeza-Bermejillo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain ; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Lafuente
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Belen Sanz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain ; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain ; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN) , Madrid , Spain ; School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain ; Fundacion Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN , Madrid , Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain ; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN) , Madrid , Spain
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Le Noury DA, Mosebi S, Papathanasopoulos MA, Hewer R. Functional roles of HIV-1 Vpu and CD74: Details and implications of the Vpu-CD74 interaction. Cell Immunol 2015; 298:25-32. [PMID: 26321123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 Vpu has a variety of functions, including CD4 degradation and the downregulation of MHCII. Downregulation of the MHCII occurs through Vpu binding to the cytoplasmic domain of CD74, the chaperone for antigen presentation. The CD74 cytoplasmic domain also plays a vital role in cell signaling through the activation of an NF-κB signal cascade for the maturation, proliferation and survival of B cells as well as by binding the macrophage inhibitory factor. In view of these functions, it follows that the Vpu-CD74 interaction has multiple downstream consequences for the immune system as it not only impairs foreign antigen presentation but may also have an effect on signal transduction cascades. It is thought that Vpu specifically targets intracellular CD74 while other HIV-1 proteins cannot. Therefore, this protein-protein interaction would be a potential drug target in order to reduce viral persistence. We review the functional importance and specific binding site of Vpu and CD74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Le Noury
- Centre for Metal-based Drug Discovery, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Salerwe Mosebi
- Centre for Metal-based Drug Discovery, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa.
| | - Maria A Papathanasopoulos
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Raymond Hewer
- Centre for Metal-based Drug Discovery, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa.
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Madrigal-Matute J, Fernandez-Laso V, Sastre C, Llamas-Granda P, Egido J, Martin-Ventura JL, Zalba G, Blanco-Colio LM. TWEAK/Fn14 interaction promotes oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase activation in macrophages. Cardiovasc Res 2015. [PMID: 26224570 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The interaction between TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK, Tnfsf12) and the receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), regulates vascular damage through different mechanisms, including inflammation. Oxidative stress plays a major role in inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis, but the relationship between TWEAK and oxidative stress is, however, poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we found that TWEAK and Fn14 are co-localized with the NADPH subunits, p22phox and Nox2, in human advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Using primary human macrophages and a murine macrophage cell line, we demonstrate that TWEAK promotes ROS production and enhances NADPH oxidase activity. Hence, we show a direct involvement of the TWEAK-Fn14 axis in oxidative stress, as genetic silencing of Fn14 or Nox2 abrogates the TWEAK-induced ROS production. Furthermore, our results point at Rac1 as an upstream mediator of TWEAK during oxidative stress. Finally, using an in vivo murine model we confirmed the major role of TWEAK in oxidative stress, as genetic silencing of Tnfsf12 in an ApoE(-/-) background reduces the number of DHE and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine-positive macrophages by 50%. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TWEAK regulates vascular damage by stimulating ROS production in an Nox2-dependent manner. These new insights into the TWEAK/Fn14 axis underline their potential use as therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Valvanera Fernandez-Laso
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sastre
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Llamas-Granda
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Martin-Ventura
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, CIMA University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Youn SW, Park KK. Small-nucleic-acid-based therapeutic strategy targeting the transcription factors regulating the vascular inflammation, remodeling and fibrosis in atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11804-33. [PMID: 26006249 PMCID: PMC4463731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis arises when injury to the arterial wall induces an inflammatory cascade that is sustained by a complex network of cytokines, together with accumulation of lipids and fibrous material. Inflammatory cascades involve leukocyte adherence and chemotaxis, which are coordinated by the local secretion of adhesion molecules, chemotactic factors, and cytokines. Transcription factors are critical to the integration of the various steps of the cascade response to mediators of vascular injury, and are induced in a stimulus-dependent and cell-type-specific manner. Several small-nucleic-acid-based therapeutic strategies have recently been developed to target transcription factors: antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, RNA interference, microRNA, and decoy oligodeoxynucleotides. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of these particular targeted therapeutic strategies, toward regulation of the vascular inflammation, remodeling and fibrosis associated with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Youn
- Department of Radiology, Catholic University of Daegu Medical Center, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 705-718, Korea.
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu Medical Center, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 705-718, Korea.
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33
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Markers of inflammation associated with plaque progression and instability in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:718329. [PMID: 25960621 PMCID: PMC4415469 DOI: 10.1155/2015/718329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the focal expression of a systemic disease affecting medium- and large-sized arteries, in which traditional cardiovascular risk factor and immune factors play a key role. It is well accepted that circulating biomarkers, including C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, reliably predict major cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction or death. However, the relevance of biomarkers of systemic inflammation to atherosclerosis progression in the carotid artery is less established. The large majority of clinical studies focused on the association between biomarkers and subclinical atherosclerosis, that is, carotid intima-media thickening (cIMT), which represents an earlier stage of the disease. The aim of this work is to review inflammatory biomarkers that were associated with a higher atherosclerotic burden, a faster disease progression, and features of plaque instability, such as inflammation or neovascularization, in patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque, which represents an advanced stage of disease compared with cIMT. The association of biomarkers with the occurrence of cerebrovascular events, secondary to carotid plaque rupture, will also be presented. Currently, the degree of carotid artery stenosis is used to predict the risk of future cerebrovascular events in patients affected by carotid atherosclerosis. However, this strategy appears suboptimal. The identification of suitable biomarkers could provide a useful adjunctive criterion to ensure better risk stratification and optimize management.
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Cheng SP, Liu CL, Chen MJ, Chien MN, Leung CH, Lin CH, Hsu YC, Lee JJ. CD74 expression and its therapeutic potential in thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:179-90. [PMID: 25600560 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CD74, the invariant chain of major histocompatibility complex class II, is also a receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). CD74 and MIF have been associated with tumor progression and metastasis in hematologic and solid tumors. In this study, we found that 60 and 65% of papillary thyroid cancers were positive for CD74 and MIF immunohistochemical staining respectively. Anaplastic thyroid cancer was negative for MIF, but mostly positive for CD74 expression. Normal thyroid tissue and follicular adenomas were negative for CD74 expression. CD74 expression in papillary thyroid cancer was associated with larger tumor size (P=0.043), extrathyroidal invasion (P=0.021), advanced TNM stage (P=0.006), and higher MACIS score (P=0.026). No clinicopathological parameter was associated with MIF expression. Treatment with anti-CD74 antibody in thyroid cancer cells inhibited cell growth, colony formation, cell migration and invasion, and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. In contrast, treatment with recombinant MIF induced an increase in cell invasion. Anti-CD74 treatment reduced AKT phosphorylation and stimulated AMPK activation. Our findings suggest that CD74 overexpression in thyroid cancer is associated with advanced tumor stage and may serve as a therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Humans
- Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/genetics
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/metabolism
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Gland/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcriptome
- Tumor Burden
- Wound Healing
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ping Cheng
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Liu
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Nan Chien
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiang Leung
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsin Lin
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Jen Lee
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Department of SurgeryDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, TaiwanMackay Junior College of MedicineNursing, and Management, No. 92, Sheng-Ching Road, Peitou, Taipei 11260, TaiwanDepartment of PharmacologyGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Medical ResearchMacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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STAT1-dependent signal integration between IFNγ and TLR4 in vascular cells reflect pro-atherogenic responses in human atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113318. [PMID: 25478796 PMCID: PMC4257532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal integration between IFNγ and TLRs in immune cells has been associated with the host defense against pathogens and injury, with a predominant role of STAT1. We hypothesize that STAT1-dependent transcriptional changes in vascular cells involved in cross-talk between IFNγ and TLR4, reflect pro-atherogenic responses in human atherosclerosis. Genome-wide investigation identified a set of STAT1-dependent genes that were synergistically affected by interactions between IFNγ and TLR4 in VSMCs. These included the chemokines Cxcl9, Ccl12, Ccl8, Ccrl2, Cxcl10 and Ccl5, adhesion molecules Cd40, Cd74, and antiviral and antibacterial genes Rsad2, Mx1, Oasl1, Gbp5, Nos2, Batf2 and Tnfrsf11a. Among the amplified genes was also Irf8, of which Ccl5 was subsequently identified as a new pro-inflammatory target in VSMCs and ECs. Promoter analysis predicted transcriptional cooperation between STAT1, IRF1, IRF8 and NFκB, with the novel role of IRF8 providing an additional layer to the overall complexity. The synergistic interactions between IFNγ and TLR4 also resulted in increased T-cell migration and impaired aortic contractility in a STAT1-dependent manner. Expression of the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 correlated with STAT1 phosphorylation in vascular cells in plaques from human carotid arteries. Moreover, using data mining of human plaque transcriptomes, expression of a selection of these STAT1-dependent pro-atherogenic genes was found to be increased in coronary artery disease (CAD) and carotid atherosclerosis. Our study provides evidence to suggest that in ECs and VSMCs STAT1 orchestrates a platform for cross-talk between IFNγ and TLR4, and identifies a STAT1-dependent gene signature that reflects a pro-atherogenic state in human atherosclerosis.
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Ovchinnikova OA, Folkersen L, Persson J, Lindeman JHN, Ueland T, Aukrust P, Gavrisheva N, Shlyakhto E, Paulsson-Berne G, Hedin U, Olofsson PS, Hansson GK. The collagen cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase is associated with the healing of human atherosclerotic lesions. J Intern Med 2014; 276:525-36. [PMID: 24588843 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute clinical complications of atherosclerosis such as myocardial infarction (MI) and ischaemic stroke are usually caused by thrombus formation on the ruptured plaque surface. Collagen, the main structural protein of the fibrous cap, provides mechanical strength to the atherosclerotic plaque. The integrity of the fibrous cap depends on collagen fibre cross-linking, a process controlled by the enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX). METHODS AND RESULTS We studied atherosclerotic plaques from human carotid endarterectomies. LOX was strongly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and detected in the regions with ongoing fibrogenesis. Higher LOX levels were associated with a more stable phenotype of the plaque. In the studied population, LOX mRNA levels in carotid plaques predicted the risk for future MI. Within the lesion, LOX mRNA levels correlated positively with levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and negatively with markers of immune activation. The amount of LOX-mediated collagen cross-links in plaques correlated positively also with serum levels of OPG. CONCLUSIONS Lysyl oxidase may contribute to the healing of atherosclerotic lesions and to the prevention of its lethal complications. Mediators of inflammation may control LOX expression in plaques and hence plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Ovchinnikova
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Wang J, Lin J, Schlotterer A, Wu L, Fleming T, Busch S, Dietrich N, Hammes HP. CD74 indicates microglial activation in experimental diabetic retinopathy and exogenous methylglyoxal mimics the response in normoglycemic retina. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:813-21. [PMID: 24974304 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes induces vasoregression, neurodegeneration and glial activation in the retina. Formation of advanced glycation endoproducts (AGEs) is increased in diabetes and contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. CD74 is increased in activated microglia in a rat model developing both neurodegeneration and vasoregression. In this study, we aimed at investigating whether glucose and major AGE precursor methylglyoxal induce increased CD74 expression in the retina. Expression of CD74 in retinal microglia was analyzed in streptozotocin-diabetic rats by wholemount immunofluorescence. Nondiabetic mice were intravitreally injected with methylglyoxal. Expression of CD74 was studied by retinal wholemount immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR, 48 h after the injection. CD74-positive cells were increased in diabetic 4-month retinas. These cells represented a subpopulation of CD11b-labeled activated microglia and were mainly located in the superficial vascular layer (13.7-fold increase compared to nondiabetic group). Methylglyoxal induced an 9.4-fold increase of CD74-positive cells in the superficial vascular layer and elevated gene expression of CD74 in the mouse retina 2.8-fold. In summary, we identified CD74 as a microglial activation marker in the diabetic retina. Exogenous methylglyoxal mimics the response in normoglycemic retina. This suggests that methylglyoxal is important in mediating microglial activation in the diabetic retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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Madrigal-Matute J, Lindholt JS, Fernandez-Garcia CE, Benito-Martin A, Burillo E, Zalba G, Beloqui O, Llamas-Granda P, Ortiz A, Egido J, Blanco-Colio LM, Martin-Ventura JL. Galectin-3, a biomarker linking oxidative stress and inflammation with the clinical outcomes of patients with atherothrombosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:jah3627. [PMID: 25095870 PMCID: PMC4310363 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) participates in different mechanisms involved in atherothrombosis, such as inflammation, proliferation, or macrophage chemotaxis. Thus, there have been committed intensive efforts to elucidate the function of Gal‐3 in cardiovascular (CV) diseases. The role of Gal‐3 as a circulating biomarker has been demonstrated in patients with heart failure, but its importance as a biomarker in atherothrombosis is still unknown. Methods and Results Because Gal‐3 is involved in monocyte‐to‐macrophage transition, we used fresh isolated monocytes and the in vitro model of macrophage differentiation of THP‐1 cells stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Gal‐3 release is increased by PMA in human monocytes and macrophages, a process involving exosomes and regulated by reactive oxygen species/NADPH oxidase activity. In asymptomatic subjects (n=199), Gal‐3 plasma levels are correlated with NADPH oxidase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (r=0.476; P<0.001) and carotid intima‐media thickness (r=0.438; P<0.001), a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. Accordingly, Gal‐3 plasma concentrations are increased in patients with carotid atherosclerosis (n=158), compared to control subjects (n=115; 14.3 [10.7 to 16.9] vs. 10.4 [8.6 to 12.5] ng/mL; P<0.001). Finally, on a 5‐year follow‐up study in patients with peripheral artery disease, Gal‐3 concentrations are significantly and independently associated with an increased risk for CV mortality (hazard ratio=2.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.06 to 4.73, P<0.05). Conclusions Gal‐3 extracellular levels could reflect key underlying mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis etiology, development, and plaque rupture, such as inflammation, infiltration of circulating cells and oxidative stress. Moreover, circulating Gal‐3 concentrations are associated with clinical outcomes in patients with atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain (J.M.M., C.E.F.G., A.B.M., E.B., P.L.G., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.C., J.L.M.V.) Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (J.M.M.)
| | | | - Carlos Ernesto Fernandez-Garcia
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain (J.M.M., C.E.F.G., A.B.M., E.B., P.L.G., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.C., J.L.M.V.)
| | - Alberto Benito-Martin
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain (J.M.M., C.E.F.G., A.B.M., E.B., P.L.G., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.C., J.L.M.V.)
| | - Elena Burillo
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain (J.M.M., C.E.F.G., A.B.M., E.B., P.L.G., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.C., J.L.M.V.)
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, CIMA University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (G.Z.) Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (G.Z.)
| | - Oscar Beloqui
- University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (O.B.)
| | - Patricia Llamas-Granda
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain (J.M.M., C.E.F.G., A.B.M., E.B., P.L.G., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.C., J.L.M.V.)
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain (J.M.M., C.E.F.G., A.B.M., E.B., P.L.G., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.C., J.L.M.V.)
| | - Jesus Egido
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain (J.M.M., C.E.F.G., A.B.M., E.B., P.L.G., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.C., J.L.M.V.) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain (J.E.)
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain (J.M.M., C.E.F.G., A.B.M., E.B., P.L.G., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.C., J.L.M.V.)
| | - Jose Luis Martin-Ventura
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain (J.M.M., C.E.F.G., A.B.M., E.B., P.L.G., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.C., J.L.M.V.)
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Pateras I, Giaginis C, Tsigris C, Patsouris E, Theocharis S. NF-κB signaling at the crossroads of inflammation and atherogenesis: searching for new therapeutic links. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1089-101. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.938051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Porcine CD74 is involved in the inflammatory response activated by nuclear factor kappa B during porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) infection. Arch Virol 2013; 158:2285-95. [PMID: 23736979 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human CD74 induces a signalling cascade that results in the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB); however, porcine CD74 has not been widely studied. In this study, we show that porcine CD74 is mainly expressed in cells of the macrophage lineage and can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)], and infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in vitro. In addition, we confirmed that porcine CD74 can activate NF-κB by promoting IκBα degradation and nuclear translocation of p65. Furthermore, the transcription of NF-κB-regulated genes [Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), and COX-2] was upregulated in response to the overexpression of porcine CD74. In general, porcine CD74 significantly enhanced the inflammatory response by regulating the NF-κB signalling pathway during PCV2 infection, which suggests that porcine CD74 may be implicated in the pathogenesis of PCV2 infection.
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Tillmann S, Bernhagen J, Noels H. Arrest Functions of the MIF Ligand/Receptor Axes in Atherogenesis. Front Immunol 2013; 4:115. [PMID: 23720662 PMCID: PMC3655399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been defined as an important chemokine-like function (CLF) chemokine with an essential role in monocyte recruitment and arrest. Adhesion of monocytes to the vessel wall and their transendothelial migration are critical in atherogenesis and many other inflammatory diseases. Chemokines carefully control all steps of the monocyte recruitment process. Those chemokines specialized in controlling arrest are typically immobilized on the endothelial surface, mediating the arrest of rolling monocytes by chemokine receptor-triggered pathways. The chemokine receptor CXCR2 functions as an important arrest receptor on monocytes. An arrest function has been revealed for the bona fide CXCR2 ligands CXCL1 and CXCL8, but genetic studies also suggested that additional arrest chemokines are likely to be involved in atherogenic leukocyte recruitment. While CXCR2 is known to interact with numerous CXC chemokine ligands, the CLF chemokine MIF, which structurally does not belong to the CXC chemokine sub-family, was surprisingly identified as a non-cognate ligand of CXCR2, responsible for critical arrest functions during the atherogenic process. MIF was originally identified as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (this function being eponymous), but is now known as a potent inflammatory cytokine with CLFs including chemotaxis and leukocyte arrest. This review will cover the mechanisms underlying these functions, including MIF’s effects on LFA1 integrin activity and signal transduction, and will discuss the structural similarities between MIF and the bona fide CXCR2 ligand CXCL8 while emphasizing the structural differences. As MIF also interacts with CXCR4, a chemokine receptor implicated in CXCL12-elicited lymphocyte arrest, the arrest potential of the MIF/CXCR4 axis will also be scrutinized as well as the recently identified role of pericyte MIF in attracting leukocytes exiting through venules as part of the pericyte “motility instruction program.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Tillmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany
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Sanchez-Niño MD, Sanz AB, Ruiz-Andres O, Poveda J, Izquierdo MC, Selgas R, Egido J, Ortiz A. MIF, CD74 and other partners in kidney disease: tales of a promiscuous couple. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 24:23-40. [PMID: 22959722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is increased in kidney and urine during kidney disease. MIF binds to and activates CD74 and chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4. CD74 is a protein trafficking regulator and a cell membrane receptor for MIF, D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT/MIF-2) and bacterial proteins. MIF signaling through CD74 requires CD44. CD74, CD44 and CXCR4 are upregulated in renal cells in diseased kidneys and MIF activation of CD74 in kidney cells promotes an inflammatory response. MIF or CXCR2 targeting protects from experimental kidney injury, CD44 deficiency modulates kidney injury and CXCR4 activation promotes glomerular injury. However, the contribution of MIF or MIF-2 to these actions of MIF receptors has not been explored. The safety and efficacy of strategies targeting MIF, CD74, CD44 and CXCR4 are under study in humans.
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Ramos-Mozo P, Madrigal-Matute J, Martinez-Pinna R, Blanco-Colio LM, Lopez JA, Camafeita E, Meilhac O, Michel JB, Aparicio C, de Ceniga MV, Egido J, Martín-Ventura JL. Proteomic Analysis of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils Identifies Catalase as a Novel Biomarker of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Potential Implication of Oxidative Stress in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:3011-9. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.237537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a main role in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression. We have analyzed circulating PMNs isolated from AAA patients and controls by a proteomic approach to identify proteins potentially involved in AAA pathogenesis.
Methods and Results—
PMNs from 8 AAA patients (4 large AAA >5 cm and 4 small AAA 3–5 cm) and 4 controls were analyzed by 2D differential in-gel electrophoresis. Among differentially expressed spots, several proteins involved in redox balance were identified by mass spectrometry (eg, cyclophilin, thioredoxin reductase, catalase). Diminished catalase expression and activity were observed in PMNs from AAA patients compared with controls. In contrast, PMNs from AAA patients displayed higher H
2
O
2
and myeloperoxidase levels than PMNs from controls. Moreover, a significant decrease in catalase mRNA levels was observed in PMNs after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate incubation. Catalase plasma levels were also decreased in large (n=47) and small (n=56) AAA patients compared with controls (n=34). We observed catalase expression in AAA thrombus and thrombus-conditioned medium, associated with PMN infiltration. Furthermore, increased H
2
O
2
levels were observed in AAA thrombus-conditioned medium compared with the media layer.
Conclusion—
Diminished catalase levels in circulating PMNs and plasma are observed in AAA patients, supporting an important role of oxidative stress in AAA evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ramos-Mozo
- From the Vascular Research Laboratory (P.R.-M., J.M.-M., R.M.-P., L.M.B.-C., J.E., J.L.M.-V.) and Vascular Surgery (C.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., E.C.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U698, Univ Paris 7, College Hospital Universitary, X-Bichat, Paris, France (O.M., J.-B.M.); Galdakao Hospital,
| | - Julio Madrigal-Matute
- From the Vascular Research Laboratory (P.R.-M., J.M.-M., R.M.-P., L.M.B.-C., J.E., J.L.M.-V.) and Vascular Surgery (C.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., E.C.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U698, Univ Paris 7, College Hospital Universitary, X-Bichat, Paris, France (O.M., J.-B.M.); Galdakao Hospital,
| | - Roxana Martinez-Pinna
- From the Vascular Research Laboratory (P.R.-M., J.M.-M., R.M.-P., L.M.B.-C., J.E., J.L.M.-V.) and Vascular Surgery (C.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., E.C.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U698, Univ Paris 7, College Hospital Universitary, X-Bichat, Paris, France (O.M., J.-B.M.); Galdakao Hospital,
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- From the Vascular Research Laboratory (P.R.-M., J.M.-M., R.M.-P., L.M.B.-C., J.E., J.L.M.-V.) and Vascular Surgery (C.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., E.C.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U698, Univ Paris 7, College Hospital Universitary, X-Bichat, Paris, France (O.M., J.-B.M.); Galdakao Hospital,
| | - Juan Antonio Lopez
- From the Vascular Research Laboratory (P.R.-M., J.M.-M., R.M.-P., L.M.B.-C., J.E., J.L.M.-V.) and Vascular Surgery (C.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., E.C.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U698, Univ Paris 7, College Hospital Universitary, X-Bichat, Paris, France (O.M., J.-B.M.); Galdakao Hospital,
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- From the Vascular Research Laboratory (P.R.-M., J.M.-M., R.M.-P., L.M.B.-C., J.E., J.L.M.-V.) and Vascular Surgery (C.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., E.C.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U698, Univ Paris 7, College Hospital Universitary, X-Bichat, Paris, France (O.M., J.-B.M.); Galdakao Hospital,
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- From the Vascular Research Laboratory (P.R.-M., J.M.-M., R.M.-P., L.M.B.-C., J.E., J.L.M.-V.) and Vascular Surgery (C.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., E.C.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U698, Univ Paris 7, College Hospital Universitary, X-Bichat, Paris, France (O.M., J.-B.M.); Galdakao Hospital,
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- From the Vascular Research Laboratory (P.R.-M., J.M.-M., R.M.-P., L.M.B.-C., J.E., J.L.M.-V.) and Vascular Surgery (C.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., E.C.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U698, Univ Paris 7, College Hospital Universitary, X-Bichat, Paris, France (O.M., J.-B.M.); Galdakao Hospital,
| | - Cesar Aparicio
- From the Vascular Research Laboratory (P.R.-M., J.M.-M., R.M.-P., L.M.B.-C., J.E., J.L.M.-V.) and Vascular Surgery (C.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., E.C.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U698, Univ Paris 7, College Hospital Universitary, X-Bichat, Paris, France (O.M., J.-B.M.); Galdakao Hospital,
| | - Melina Vega de Ceniga
- From the Vascular Research Laboratory (P.R.-M., J.M.-M., R.M.-P., L.M.B.-C., J.E., J.L.M.-V.) and Vascular Surgery (C.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., E.C.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U698, Univ Paris 7, College Hospital Universitary, X-Bichat, Paris, France (O.M., J.-B.M.); Galdakao Hospital,
| | - Jesus Egido
- From the Vascular Research Laboratory (P.R.-M., J.M.-M., R.M.-P., L.M.B.-C., J.E., J.L.M.-V.) and Vascular Surgery (C.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., E.C.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U698, Univ Paris 7, College Hospital Universitary, X-Bichat, Paris, France (O.M., J.-B.M.); Galdakao Hospital,
| | - José Luis Martín-Ventura
- From the Vascular Research Laboratory (P.R.-M., J.M.-M., R.M.-P., L.M.B.-C., J.E., J.L.M.-V.) and Vascular Surgery (C.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., E.C.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U698, Univ Paris 7, College Hospital Universitary, X-Bichat, Paris, France (O.M., J.-B.M.); Galdakao Hospital,
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Vosper H. Extended release niacin-laropiprant in patients with hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemias improves clinical parameters. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2011; 5:85-101. [PMID: 22084607 PMCID: PMC3201109 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s7601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The progression of atherosclerosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Plaque formation is an immunological response driven by a number of risk factors, and reduction of risk is the primary goal of treatment. The role of LDL-C is well established and statins have proved effective drugs, although the relative risk reduction is only around 30%. The importance of other factors-notably low HDL-C and high TGs-has become increasingly clear and the search for alternative strategies continues. Niacin is particularly effective in achieving normalization of HDL-C but is clinically underutilized due to the side effect of cutaneous flushing. The discovery that flushing is mediated by mechanisms distinct from the lipid-lowering effects has led to the development of combination drugs with reduced side effects. This review considers the evidence regarding the clinical efficacy of extended-release niacin and the DP1 antagonist laropiprant in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Vosper
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Schoolhill, Aberdeen, AB10 1FR, Scotland, UK
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Abstract
Monocytes are a heterogeneous cell population with subset-specific functions and phenotypes. The differential expression of CD14 and CD16 distinguishes classical CD14(++)CD16(-), intermediate CD14(++)CD16(+), and nonclassical CD14(+)CD16(++) monocytes. Current knowledge on human monocyte heterogeneity is still incomplete: while it is increasingly acknowledged that CD14(++)CD16(+) monocytes are of outstanding significance in 2 global health issues, namely HIV-1 infection and atherosclerosis, CD14(++)CD16(+) monocytes remain the most poorly characterized subset so far. We therefore developed a method to purify the 3 monocyte subsets from human blood and analyzed their transcriptomes using SuperSAGE in combination with high-throughput sequencing. Analysis of 5 487 603 tags revealed unique identifiers of CD14(++)CD16(+) monocytes, delineating these cells from the 2 other monocyte subsets. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggests diverse immunologic functions, linking CD14(++)CD16(+) monocytes to Ag processing and presentation (eg, CD74, HLA-DR, IFI30, CTSB), to inflammation and monocyte activation (eg, TGFB1, AIF1, PTPN6), and to angiogenesis (eg, TIE2, CD105). In conclusion, we provide genetic evidence for a distinct role of CD14(++)CD16(+) monocytes in human immunity. After CD14(++)CD16(+) monocytes have earlier been discussed as a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases, we are hopeful that our data will spur further research in the field of monocyte heterogeneity.
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Feng Y, Wang Y, Li L, Wu L, Hoffmann S, Gretz N, Hammes HP. Gene expression profiling of vasoregression in the retina--involvement of microglial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16865. [PMID: 21379381 PMCID: PMC3040753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoregression is a hallmark of vascular eye diseases but the mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. We have recently characterized a rat ciliopathy model which develops primary photoreceptor degeneration and secondary vasoregression. To improve the understanding of secondary vasoregression in retinal neurodegeneration, we used microarray techniques to compare gene expression profiles in this new model before and after retinal vasoregression. Differential gene expression was validated by quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. Of the 157 genes regulated more than twofold, the MHC class II invariant chain CD74 yielded the strongest upregulation, and was allocated to activated microglial cells close to the vessels undergoing vasoregression. Pathway clustering identified genes of the immune system including inflammatory signaling, and components of the complement cascade upregulated during vasoregression. Together, our data suggest that microglial cells involved in retinal immune response participate in the initiation of vasoregression in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Feng
- 5 Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yumei Wang
- 5 Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Li Li
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Liang Wu
- 5 Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sigrid Hoffmann
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5 Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Borghese F, Clanchy FIL. CD74: an emerging opportunity as a therapeutic target in cancer and autoimmune disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:237-51. [PMID: 21208136 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.550879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD74, also known as the invariant chain, participates in several key processes of the immune system, including antigen presentation, B-cell differentiation and inflammatory signaling. Despite being described more than 3 decades ago, new functions and novel interactions for this evolutionarily conserved molecule are still being unraveled. As a participant in several immunological processes and an indicator of disease in some conditions, it has potential as a therapeutic target. AREAS COVERED The relationship between the structure of CD74 variants and their physiological functions is detailed in this review. The function of CD74 in several cell lineages is examined with a focus on the interactions with cathepsins and, in an inflammatory milieu, the pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage migratory inhibitory factor. The role of CD74 signaling in inflammatory and carcinogenic processes is outlined as is the use of CD74 as a therapeutic target (in cancer) and tool (as a vaccine). EXPERT OPINION CD74 has several roles within the cell and throughout the immune system. Most prominent amongst these are the complex relationships with MIF and cathepsins. Modulation of CD74 function shows promise for the effective amelioration of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Borghese
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit, Umberto I Policlinico di Roma, 155 Viale del Policlinico, Rome, IT 00161
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Subramanian V, Golledge J, Ijaz T, Bruemmer D, Daugherty A. Pioglitazone-induced reductions in atherosclerosis occur via smooth muscle cell-specific interaction with PPAR{gamma}. Circ Res 2010; 107:953-8. [PMID: 20798360 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.219089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonists attenuate atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). PPARγ, a nuclear receptor, is expressed on many cell types including smooth muscle cells (SMCs). OBJECTIVE To determine whether a PPARγ agonist reduces angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced atherosclerosis and AAAs via interaction with SMC-specific PPARγ. METHODS AND RESULTS Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)(-/-) mice with SMC-specific PPARγ deficiency were developed using PPARγ floxed (PPARγ(f/f)) and SM22 Cre(+) mice. PPARγ(f/f) littermates were generated that did not express Cre (Cre(0/0)) or were hemizygous for Cre (Cre(+/0)). To assess the contribution of SMC-specific PPARγ in ligand-mediated attenuation of Ang II-induced atherosclerosis and AAAs, both male and female Cre(0/0) and Cre(+/0) mice were fed a fat-enriched diet with or without the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (Pio) (20 mg/kg per day) for 5 weeks. After 1 week of feeding modified diets, mice were infused with Ang II (1000 ng/kg per minute) for 4 weeks. SMC-specific PPARγ deficiency or Pio administration had no effect on plasma cholesterol concentrations. Pio administration attenuated Ang II-increased systolic blood pressure equivalently in both Cre(0/0) and Cre(+/0) groups. SMC-specific PPARγ deficiency increased atherosclerosis in male mice. Pio administration reduced atherosclerosis in only the Cre(0/0) mice, but not in mice with SMC-specific PPARγ deficiency. SMC-specific PPARγ deficiency or Pio administration had no effect on Ang II-induced AAA development. Pio also did not attenuate Ang II-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in PPARγ-deficient SMCs. CONCLUSIONS Pio attenuates Ang II-induced atherosclerosis via the interaction with SMC-specific PPARγ, but has no effect on the development of AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswaran Subramanian
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, BBSRB, Room B243, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
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Madrigal-Matute J, López-Franco O, Blanco-Colio LM, Muñoz-García B, Ramos-Mozo P, Ortega L, Egido J, Martín-Ventura JL. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors attenuate inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 86:330-7. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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