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Moztarzadeh S, Vargas-Robles H, Schnoor M, Radeva MY, Waschke J, Garcia-Ponce A. Erk1/2 is not required for endothelial barrier establishment despite its requirement for cAMP-dependent Rac1 activation in heart endothelium. Tissue Barriers 2024:2398875. [PMID: 39230159 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2398875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The contribution of Erk1/2 to endothelial barrier regulation is convoluted and differs depending on the vascular bed. We explored the effects of Erk1/2 inhibition on endothelial barrier maintenance and its relationship with cAMP-dependent barrier strengthening. Thus, myocardial endothelial cells (MyEnd) were isolated and protein expression, localization and activity of structural and signaling molecules involved in maintenance of endothelial function were investigated by Western blot, immunostainings and G-LISA, respectively. The transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) from confluent MyEnd monolayers was measured and used as a direct indicator of barrier integrity in vitro. Miles assay was performed to evaluate vascular permeability in vivo. Erk1/2 inhibition with U0126 affected neither the structural organization of adherens or tight junctions nor the protein level of their components, However, TEER drop significantly upon U0126 application, but the effect was transitory as the barrier function recovered 30 min after treatment. Erk1/2 inhibition delayed cAMP-mediated barrier strengthening but did not prevent barrier fortification despite diminishing Rac1 activation. Moreover, Erk1/2 inhibition, induced vascular leakage that could be prevented by local cAMP elevation in vivo. Our data demonstrate that Erk1/2 is required to prevent vascular permeability but is not critical for cAMP-mediated barrier enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Moztarzadeh
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hilda Vargas-Robles
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, México
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, México
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Garcia-Ponce
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
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2
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Li X, Du H, Zhou H, Huang Y, Tang S, Yu C, Guo Y, Luo W, Gong Y. FOXL2 regulates RhoA expression to change actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in granulosa cells of chicken pre-ovulatory follicles†. Biol Reprod 2024; 111:391-405. [PMID: 38832713 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) is an indispensable key regulator of female follicular development, and it plays important roles in the morphogenesis, proliferation, and differentiation of follicle granulosa cells, such as establishing normal estradiol signaling and regulating steroid hormone synthesis. Nevertheless, the effects of FOXL2 on granulosa cell morphology and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. Using FOXL2 ChIP-seq analysis, we found that FOXL2 target genes were significantly enriched in the actin cytoskeleton-related pathways. We confirmed that FOXL2 inhibited the expression of RhoA, a key gene for actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, by binding to TCATCCATCTCT in RhoA promoter region. In addition, FOXL2 overexpression in granulosa cells induced the depolymerization of F-actin and disordered the actin filaments, resulting in a slowdown in the expansion of granulosa cells, while FOXL2 silencing inhibited F-actin depolymerization and stabilized the actin filaments, thereby accelerating granulosa cell expansion. RhoA/ROCK pathway inhibitor Y-27632 exhibited similar effects to FOXL2 overexpression, even reversed the actin polymerization in FOXL2 silencing granulosa cells. This study revealed for the first time that FOXL2 regulated granulosa cell actin cytoskeleton by RhoA/ROCK pathway, thus affecting granulosa cell expansion. Our findings provide new insights for constructing the regulatory network of FOXL2 and propose a potential mechanism for facilitating rapid follicle expansion, thereby laying a foundation for further understanding follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hongting Du
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Haobo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shuixin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chengzhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yanzhang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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3
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He H, Zhang W, Jiang L, Tong X, Zheng Y, Xia Z. Endothelial Cell Dysfunction Due to Molecules Secreted by Macrophages in Sepsis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:980. [PMID: 39199368 PMCID: PMC11352357 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is recognized as a syndrome of systemic inflammatory reaction induced by dysregulation of the body's immunity against infection. The multiple organ dysfunction associated with sepsis is a serious threat to the patient's life. Endothelial cell dysfunction has been extensively studied in sepsis. However, the role of macrophages in sepsis is not well understood and the intrinsic link between the two cells has not been elucidated. Macrophages are first-line cells of the immune response, whereas endothelial cells are a class of cells that are highly altered in function and morphology. In sepsis, various cytokines secreted by macrophages and endothelial cell dysfunction are inextricably linked. Therefore, investigating how macrophages affect endothelial cells could offer a theoretical foundation for the treatment of sepsis. This review links molecules (TNF-α, CCL2, ROS, VEGF, MMP-9, and NO) secreted by macrophages under inflammatory conditions to endothelial cell dysfunction (adhesion, permeability, and coagulability), refining the pathophysiologic mechanisms of sepsis. At the same time, multiple approaches (a variety of miRNA and medicines) regulating macrophage polarization are also summarized, providing new insights into reversing endothelial cell dysfunction and improving the outcome of sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng He
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (H.H.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (X.T.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (H.H.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (X.T.)
| | - Luofeng Jiang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (H.H.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (X.T.)
| | - Xirui Tong
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (H.H.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (X.T.)
| | - Yongjun Zheng
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (H.H.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (X.T.)
| | - Zhaofan Xia
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (H.H.); (W.Z.); (L.J.); (X.T.)
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200433, China
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4
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Jang MH, Song J. Adenosine and adenosine receptors in metabolic imbalance-related neurological issues. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116996. [PMID: 38897158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes (e.g., obesity) are characterized by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidemia. Recently, patients with metabolic syndromes have experienced not only metabolic problems but also neuropathological issues, including cognitive impairment. Several studies have reported blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and insulin resistance in the brain of patients with obesity and diabetes. Adenosine, a purine nucleoside, is known to regulate various cellular responses (e.g., the neuroinflammatory response) by binding with adenosine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Adenosine has four known receptors: A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R. These receptors play distinct roles in various physiological and pathological processes in the brain, including endothelial cell homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, microglial activation, lipid metabolism, immune cell infiltration, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we review the recent findings on the role of adenosine receptor-mediated signaling in neuropathological issues related to metabolic imbalance. We highlight the importance of adenosine signaling in the development of therapeutic solutions for neuropathological issues in patients with metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyeon Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Luo Z, Song X, Huang D, Xiao L, Zou K. Research hotspots and evolving trends of barrier dysfunction in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30579. [PMID: 38742065 PMCID: PMC11089360 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial and epithelial barrier dysfunction due to increased permeability and heightened inflammatory reactions influences the emergence of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Nevertheless, bibliometric research comparing endothelial and epithelial barriers is limited. Therefore, this bibliometric study analyzed the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of the Science Citation Index Expanded literature to explore present research priorities and development tendencies within this field. We conducted a comprehensive search (October 18, 2023) on WoSCC from January 1, 2010, to October 18, 2023, focusing on articles related to endothelial and epithelial barriers in ALI and ARDS. Retrieved data were visualized and analyzed using R-bibliometrix, VOS viewer 1.6.19, and CiteSpace 6.2. R4. Functional enrichment analysis of gene targets identified in the keyword list using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene ontology databases, and based on the STRING database to construct a PPI network to predict core genes. A total of 941 original articles and reviews were identified. The United States had the highest number of publications and citations and the highest H-index and G-index. According to the Collaboration Network Analysis graph, the United States and China had the strongest collaboration. Birukova AA had the most publications and citations among all authors, while eight of the top ten institutions with mediator centrality were located in the United States. The American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology was the leading journal and had the most well-established publication on endothelial and epithelial barriers in ALI and ARDS. Bibliometric analysis revealed that the most frequently used keywords were acute lung injury, ARDS, activation, expression, and inflammation. RHOA appeared most frequently among gene-related keywords, and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway had the highest count in KEGG pathway enrichment. Research on endothelial versus epithelial barriers in ALI and ARDS remains preliminary. This bibliometric study examined cooperative network connections among countries, authors, journals, and network associations in the cited references. Investigation of the functions of the endothelial and epithelial barriers in ALI/ARDS associated with COVID-19 has recently gained significant attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Luo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Xinyue Song
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Duoqin Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Kang Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
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6
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Cogill SA, Lee JH, Jeon MT, Kim DG, Chang Y. Hopping the Hurdle: Strategies to Enhance the Molecular Delivery to the Brain through the Blood-Brain Barrier. Cells 2024; 13:789. [PMID: 38786013 PMCID: PMC11119906 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern medicine has allowed for many advances in neurological and neurodegenerative disease (ND). However, the number of patients suffering from brain diseases is ever increasing and the treatment of brain diseases remains an issue, as drug efficacy is dramatically reduced due to the existence of the unique vascular structure, namely the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Several approaches to enhance drug delivery to the brain have been investigated but many have proven to be unsuccessful due to limited transport or damage induced in the BBB. Alternative approaches to enhance molecular delivery to the brain have been revealed in recent studies through the existence of molecular delivery pathways that regulate the passage of peripheral molecules. In this review, we present recent advancements of the basic research for these delivery pathways as well as examples of promising ventures to overcome the molecular hurdles that will enhance therapeutic interventions in the brain and potentially save the lives of millions of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinnead Anne Cogill
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (S.A.C.); (J.-H.L.); (M.-T.J.)
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (S.A.C.); (J.-H.L.); (M.-T.J.)
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Tae Jeon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (S.A.C.); (J.-H.L.); (M.-T.J.)
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (S.A.C.); (J.-H.L.); (M.-T.J.)
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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7
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Nakamura S, Yamamoto R, Matsuda T, Yasuda H, Nishinaka A, Takahashi K, Inoue Y, Kuromitsu S, Shimazawa M, Goto M, Narumiya S, Hara H. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1/5 selective agonist alleviates ocular vascular pathologies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9700. [PMID: 38678148 PMCID: PMC11055896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular abnormal angiogenesis and edema are featured in several ocular diseases. S1P signaling via S1P1 likely is part of the negative feedback mechanism necessary to maintain vascular health. In this study, we conducted pharmacological experiments to determine whether ASP4058, a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1/5 (S1P1/5) agonist, is useful in abnormal vascular pathology in the eye. First, human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were examined using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced cell proliferation and hyperpermeability. ASP4058 showed high affinity and inhibited VEGF-induced proliferation and hyperpermeability of HRMECs. Furthermore, S1P1 expression and localization changes were examined in the murine laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model, a mouse model of exudative age-related macular degeneration, and the efficacy of ASP4058 was verified. In the CNV model mice, S1P1 tended to decrease in expression immediately after laser irradiation and colocalized with endothelial cells and Müller glial cells. Oral administration of ASP4058 also suppressed vascular hyperpermeability and CNV, and the effect was comparable to that of the intravitreal administration of aflibercept, an anti-VEGF drug. Next, efficacy was also examined in a retinal vein occlusion (RVO) model in which retinal vascular permeability was increased. ASP4058 dose-dependently suppressed the intraretinal edema. In addition, it suppressed the expansion of the perfusion area observed in the RVO model. ASP4058 also suppressed the production of VEGF in the eye. Collectively, ASP4058 can be a potential therapeutic agent that normalizes abnormal vascular pathology, such as age-related macular degeneration and RVO, through its direct action on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Rie Yamamoto
- Discovery Accelerator, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
- Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaya Matsuda
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., Yaizu, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yasuda
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Anri Nishinaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Astellas Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Marlborough, MA, USA
| | - Sadao Kuromitsu
- Discovery Accelerator, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
- Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masahide Goto
- Astellas Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Marlborough, MA, USA
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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Tang X, Xu S, Yang Z, Wang K, Dai K, Zhang Y, Hu B, Wang Y, Cao S, Huang X, Yan Q, Wu R, Zhao Q, Du S, Wen X, Wen Y. EspP2 Regulates the Adhesion of Glaesserella parasuis via Rap1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4570. [PMID: 38674155 PMCID: PMC11050538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Different levels of EspP2 expression are seen in strains of Glaesserella parasuis with high and low pathogenicity. As a potential virulence factor for G. parasuis, the pathogenic mechanism of EspP2 in infection of host cells is not clear. To begin to elucidate the effect of EspP2 on virulence, we used G. parasuis SC1401 in its wild-type form and SC1401, which was made EspP2-deficient. We demonstrated that EspP2 causes up-regulation of claudin-1 and occludin expression, thereby promoting the adhesion of G. parasuis to host cells; EspP2-deficiency resulted in significantly reduced adhesion of G. parasuis to cells. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of EspP2-treated PK15 cells revealed that the Rap1 signaling pathway is stimulated by EspP2. Blocking this pathway diminished occludin expression and adhesion. These results indicated that EspP2 regulates the adhesion of Glaesserella parasuis via Rap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Matalon S, Yu Z, Dubey S, Ahmad I, Stephens EM, Alishlash AS, Meyers A, Cossar D, Stewart D, Acosta EP, Kojima K, Jilling T, Mobley JA. Hemopexin reverses activation of lung eIF2α and decreases mitochondrial injury in chlorine-exposed mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L440-L457. [PMID: 38150547 PMCID: PMC11281818 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00273.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the mechanisms by which nonencapsulated heme, released in the plasma of mice after exposure to chlorine (Cl2) gas, resulted in the initiation and propagation of acute lung injury. We exposed adult male and female C57BL/6 mice to Cl2 (500 ppm for 30 min), returned them to room air, and injected them intramuscularly with either human hemopexin (hHPX; 5 µg/g BW in 50-µL saline) or vehicle at 1 h post-exposure. Upon return to room air, Cl2-exposed mice, injected with vehicle, developed respiratory acidosis, increased concentrations of plasma proteins in the alveolar space, lung mitochondrial DNA injury, increased levels of free plasma heme, and major alterations of their lung proteome. hHPX injection mice mitigated the onset and development of lung and mitochondrial injury and the increase of plasma heme, reversed the Cl2-induced changes in 83 of 237 proteins in the lung proteome at 24 h post-exposure, and improved survival at 15 days post-exposure. Systems biology analysis of the lung global proteomics data showed that hHPX reversed changes in a number of key pathways including elF2 signaling, verified by Western blotting measurements. Recombinant human hemopexin, generated in tobacco plants, injected at 1 h post-Cl2 exposure, was equally effective in reversing acute lung and mtDNA injury. The results of this study offer new insights as to the mechanisms by which exposure to Cl2 results in acute lung injury and the therapeutic effects of hemopexin.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Herein, we demonstrate that exposure of mice to chlorine gas causes significant changes in the lung proteome 24 h post-exposure. Systems biology analysis of the proteomic data is consistent with damage to mitochondria and activation of eIF2, the master regulator of transcription and protein translation. Post-exposure injection of hemopexin, which scavenges free heme, attenuated mtDNA injury, eIF2α phosphorylation, decreased lung injury, and increased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadis Matalon
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Shubham Dubey
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Emily M Stephens
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Ammar Saadoon Alishlash
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | | | | | | | - Edward P Acosta
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Kyoko Kojima
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Shared Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Tamas Jilling
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - James A Mobley
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Shared Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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10
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Duan Y, Deng Y, Tang F, Li J. Lifibrate attenuates blood-brain barrier damage following ischemic stroke via the MLCK/p-MLC/ZO-1 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6135-6146. [PMID: 38546384 PMCID: PMC11042934 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of tight junction proteins-associated damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Lifibrate, an inhibitor of cholinephosphotransferase (CPT), has been used as an agent for serum lipid lowering. However, the protective effects of Lifibrate in ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanism have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we employed an in vivo mice model of MCAO and an OGD/R model in vitro. In the mice models, neurological deficit scores and infarct volume were assessed. Evans Blue solution was used to detect the BBB permeability. The TEER was examined to determine brain endothelial monolayer permeability. Here, we found that Lifibrate improved neurological dysfunction in stroke. Additionally, increased BBB permeability during stroke was significantly ameliorated by Lifibrate. Correspondingly, the reduced expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1 was restored by Lifibrate at both the mRNA and protein levels. Using an in vitro model, we found that Lifibrate ameliorated OGD/R-induced injury in human bEnd.3 brain microvascular endothelial cells by increasing cell viability but reducing the release of LDH. Importantly, Lifibrate suppressed the increase in endothelial monolayer permeability and the reduction in TEER induced by OGD/R via the rescue of ZO-1 expression. Mechanistically, Lifibrate blocked activation of the MLCK/ p-MLC signaling pathway in OGD/R-stimulated bEnd.3 cells. In contrast, overexpression of MLCK abolished the protective effects of Lifibrate in endothelial monolayer permeability, TEER, as well as the expression of ZO-1. Our results provide a basis for further investigation into the neuroprotective mechanism of Lifibrate during stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Jing’an, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Jing’an, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Jing’an, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Jing’an, Shanghai 200040, China
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11
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Panagiotides NG, Poledniczek M, Andreas M, Hülsmann M, Kocher AA, Kopp CW, Piechota-Polanczyk A, Weidenhammer A, Pavo N, Wadowski PP. Myocardial Oedema as a Consequence of Viral Infection and Persistence-A Narrative Review with Focus on COVID-19 and Post COVID Sequelae. Viruses 2024; 16:121. [PMID: 38257821 PMCID: PMC10818479 DOI: 10.3390/v16010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Microvascular integrity is a critical factor in myocardial fluid homeostasis. The subtle equilibrium between capillary filtration and lymphatic fluid removal is disturbed during pathological processes leading to inflammation, but also in hypoxia or due to alterations in vascular perfusion and coagulability. The degradation of the glycocalyx as the main component of the endothelial filtration barrier as well as pericyte disintegration results in the accumulation of interstitial and intracellular water. Moreover, lymphatic dysfunction evokes an increase in metabolic waste products, cytokines and inflammatory cells in the interstitial space contributing to myocardial oedema formation. This leads to myocardial stiffness and impaired contractility, eventually resulting in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, myocardial remodelling and fibrosis. The following article reviews pathophysiological inflammatory processes leading to myocardial oedema including myocarditis, ischaemia-reperfusion injury and viral infections with a special focus on the pathomechanisms evoked by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In addition, clinical implications including potential long-term effects due to viral persistence (long COVID), as well as treatment options, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel G. Panagiotides
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.G.P.); (M.P.); (M.H.); (A.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Michael Poledniczek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.G.P.); (M.P.); (M.H.); (A.W.); (N.P.)
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Martin Andreas
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.A.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.G.P.); (M.P.); (M.H.); (A.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Alfred A. Kocher
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.A.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Christoph W. Kopp
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | | | - Annika Weidenhammer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.G.P.); (M.P.); (M.H.); (A.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Noemi Pavo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.G.P.); (M.P.); (M.H.); (A.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Patricia P. Wadowski
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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12
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Moztarzadeh S, Sepic S, Hamad I, Waschke J, Radeva MY, García-Ponce A. Cortactin is in a complex with VE-cadherin and is required for endothelial adherens junction stability through Rap1/Rac1 activation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1218. [PMID: 38216638 PMCID: PMC10786853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular permeability is mediated by Cortactin (Cttn) and regulated by several molecules including cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate, small Rho family GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton. However, it is unclear whether Cttn directly interacts with any of the junctional components or if Cttn intervenes with signaling pathways affecting the intercellular contacts and the cytoskeleton. To address these questions, we employed immortalized microvascular myocardial endothelial cells derived from wild-type and Cttn-knock-out mice. We found that lack of Cttn compromised barrier integrity due to fragmented membrane distribution of different junctional proteins. Moreover, immunoprecipitations revealed that Cttn is within the VE-cadherin-based adherens junction complex. In addition, lack of Cttn slowed-down barrier recovery after Ca2+ repletion. The role of Cttn for cAMP-mediated endothelial barrier regulation was analyzed using Forskolin/Rolipram. In contrast to Cttn-KO, WT cells reacted with increased transendothelial electrical resistance. Absence of Cttn disturbed Rap1 and Rac1 activation in Cttn-depleted cells. Surprisingly, despite the absence of Cttn, direct activation of Rac1/Cdc42/RhoA by CN04 increased barrier resistance and induced well-defined cortical actin and intracellular actin bundles. In summary, our data show that Cttn is required for basal barrier integrity by allowing proper membrane distribution of junctional proteins and for cAMP-mediated activation of the Rap1/Rac1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Moztarzadeh
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Sepic
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Hamad
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander García-Ponce
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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13
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Saravi B, Goebel U, Hassenzahl LO, Jung C, David S, Feldheiser A, Stopfkuchen-Evans M, Wollborn J. Capillary leak and endothelial permeability in critically ill patients: a current overview. Intensive Care Med Exp 2023; 11:96. [PMID: 38117435 PMCID: PMC10733291 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) represents a phenotype of increased fluid extravasation, resulting in intravascular hypovolemia, extravascular edema formation and ultimately hypoperfusion. While endothelial permeability is an evolutionary preserved physiological process needed to sustain life, excessive fluid leak-often caused by systemic inflammation-can have detrimental effects on patients' outcomes. This article delves into the current understanding of CLS pathophysiology, diagnosis and potential treatments. Systemic inflammation leading to a compromise of endothelial cell interactions through various signaling cues (e.g., the angiopoietin-Tie2 pathway), and shedding of the glycocalyx collectively contribute to the manifestation of CLS. Capillary permeability subsequently leads to the seepage of protein-rich fluid into the interstitial space. Recent insights into the importance of the sub-glycocalyx space and preserving lymphatic flow are highlighted for an in-depth understanding. While no established diagnostic criteria exist and CLS is frequently diagnosed by clinical characteristics only, we highlight more objective serological and (non)-invasive measurements that hint towards a CLS phenotype. While currently available treatment options are limited, we further review understanding of fluid resuscitation and experimental approaches to target endothelial permeability. Despite the improved understanding of CLS pathophysiology, efforts are needed to develop uniform diagnostic criteria, associate clinical consequences to these criteria, and delineate treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Saravi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, St. Franziskus-Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lars O Hassenzahl
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha David
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aarne Feldheiser
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Huyssens-Stiftung/Knappschaft, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Stopfkuchen-Evans
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jakob Wollborn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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14
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Zhao L, Hu J, Zheng P, Mi B, Chen Z, Zhao X, Wu J, Wang Y. PAR1 regulates sepsis-induced vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction by mediating ERM phosphorylation via the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110992. [PMID: 37806106 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis begins with vascular endothelial barrier breakdown and causes widespread organ failure. Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is an important target for modulating vascular endothelial permeability; however, little research has been undertaken in sepsis, and its putative molecular mechanism remains unknown. The vascular endothelial permeability was examined by detecting FITC-dextran flux. F-actin was examined by immunofluorescence (IF). PAR1, ERM phosphorylation, and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) line were examined by IF and Western blot. To develop the sepsis model, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were conducted. The PAR1 inhibitor SCH79797 was utilized to inhibit PAR1 expression in vivo. Vascular permeability in main organs weres measured by Evans blue dye extravasation. The pathological changes in main organs were examined by HE staining. The expression of PAR1, ERM phosphorylation, and the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was examined using IF, immunohistochemical and WB in CLP mice. In vitro, in response to LPS stimulation of HUVECs, PAR1 mediated the phosphorylation of ERM, promoted F-actin rearrangement, and increased endothelial hyperpermeability, all of which were prevented by inhibiting PAR1 or RhoA. Additionally, inhibiting PAR1 expression reduced RhoA and ROCK expression. In vivo, we showed that inhibiting PAR1 expression will reduce ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) phosphorylation to relieve vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction and thereby ameliorate multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in CLP-induced septic mice. This study revealed that PAR1-mediated phosphorylation of ERM induced endothelial barrier dysfunction, which in turn led to MODS in sepsis, and that the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway underlay these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medical, 261 Huansha Rd, Hangzhou City 310006, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Rd, Hangzhou City 310052, China
| | - Pingping Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medical, 261 Huansha Rd, Hangzhou City 310006, China
| | - Ben Mi
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medical, 261 Huansha Rd, Hangzhou City 310006, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medical, 261 Huansha Rd, Hangzhou City 310006, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medical, 261 Huansha Rd, Hangzhou City 310006, China
| | - Jinhong Wu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medical, 261 Huansha Rd, Hangzhou City 310006, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Emergency, Hangzhou Tranditional Chinese Medicine Hospitial Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 453 Stadium Rd, Hangzhou City 310007, China.
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15
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Knop JL, Burkard N, Danesh M, Kintrup S, Dandekar T, Srivastava M, Springer R, Hiermaier M, Wagner NM, Waschke J, Flemming S, Schlegel N. Endothelial barrier dysfunction in systemic inflammation is mediated by soluble VE-cadherin interfering VE-PTP signaling. iScience 2023; 26:108049. [PMID: 37822505 PMCID: PMC10563049 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of endothelial barrier integrity determines organ dysfunction and outcome of patients with sepsis. Increased levels of soluble vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin fragments (sVE-cadherin) have previously been linked with inflammation-induced loss of endothelial barrier function. We provide evidence for a causative role of sVE-cadherin to induce loss of endothelial barrier function. In patients with sepsis, sVE-cadherin levels were associated with organ dysfunction and the need for volume resuscitation. Similarly, LPS-induced systemic inflammation in rats with microvascular dysfunction was paralleled by augmented sVE-cadherin levels. Newly generated recombinant human sVE-cadherin (extracellular domains EC1-5) induced loss of endothelial barrier function in both human microvascular endothelial cells in vitro and in rat mesenteric microvessels in vivo and reduced microcirculatory flow. sVE-cadherinEC1-5 disturbed VE-cadherin-mediated adhesion and perturbed VE-protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP)/VE-cadherin interaction resulting in RhoGEF1-mediated RhoA activation. VE-PTP inhibitor AKB9778 and Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 blunted all sVE-cadherinEC1-5-induced effects, which uncovers a pathophysiological role of sVE-cadherin via dysbalanced VE-PTP/RhoA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juna-Lisa Knop
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstraße 6, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Burkard
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstraße 6, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mahshid Danesh
- University of Wuerzburg, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kintrup
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- University of Wuerzburg, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Springer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstraße 6, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hiermaier
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nana-Maria Wagner
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Flemming
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstraße 6, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstraße 6, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
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16
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Chen J, Huang Y, Liu C, Chi J, Wang Y, Xu L. The role of C-peptide in diabetes and its complications: an updated review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1256093. [PMID: 37745697 PMCID: PMC10512826 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, diabetes and its complications have seriously affected people's quality of life and become a serious public health problem. C-peptide is not only an indicator of pancreatic β-cell function, but also a biologically active peptide that can bind to cell membrane surface signaling molecules and activate downstream signaling pathways to play antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and inflammatory roles, or regulate cellular transcription through internalization. It is complex how C-peptide is related to diabetic complications. Both deficiencies and overproduction can lead to complications, but their mechanisms of action may be different. C-peptide replacement therapy has shown beneficial effects on diabetic complications in animal models when C-peptide is deficient, but results from clinical trials have been unsatisfactory. The complex pattern of the relationship between C-peptide and diabetic chronic complications has not yet been fully understood. Future basic and clinical studies of C-peptide replacement therapies will need to focus on baseline levels of C-peptide in addition to more attention also needs to be paid to post-treatment C-peptide levels to explore the optimal range of fasting C-peptide and postprandial C-peptide maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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17
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Lahooti B, Akwii RG, Zahra FT, Sajib MS, Lamprou M, Alobaida A, Lionakis MS, Mattheolabakis G, Mikelis CM. Targeting endothelial permeability in the EPR effect. J Control Release 2023; 361:212-235. [PMID: 37517543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of the primary tumor blood vessels and the tumor microenvironment drive the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which confers an advantage towards enhanced delivery of anti-cancer nanomedicine and has shown beneficial effects in preclinical models. Increased vascular permeability is a landmark feature of the tumor vessels and an important driver of the EPR. The main focus of this review is the endothelial regulation of vascular permeability. We discuss current challenges of targeting vascular permeability towards clinical translation and summarize the structural components and mechanisms of endothelial permeability, the principal mediators and signaling players, the targeted approaches that have been used and their outcomes to date. We also critically discuss the effects of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, their interplay with the tumor vessels and the impact of immune responses on nanomedicine delivery, the impact of anti-angiogenic and tumor-stroma targeting approaches, and desirable nanoparticle design approaches for greater translational benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Lahooti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Racheal G Akwii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Fatema Tuz Zahra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Md Sanaullah Sajib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Margarita Lamprou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Ahmed Alobaida
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece.
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18
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Jiang W, Chen Y, Sun M, Huang X, Zhang H, Fu Z, Wang J, Zhang S, Lian C, Tang B, Xiang D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Jian C, Yang C, Zhang J, Zhang D, Chen T, Zhang J. LncRNA DGCR5-encoded polypeptide RIP aggravates SONFH by repressing nuclear localization of β-catenin in BMSCs. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112969. [PMID: 37573506 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) affects the progression of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH). We find that lncRNA DGCR5 encodes a 102-amino acid polypeptide, RIP (Rac1 inactivated peptide), which promotes the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs and aggravates the progression of SONFH. RIP, instead of lncRNA DGCR5, binds to the N-terminal motif of RAC1, and inactivates the RAC1/PAK1 cascade, resulting in decreased Ser675 phosphorylation of β-catenin. Ultimately, the nuclear localization of β-catenin decreases, and the differentiation balance of BMSCs tilts toward the adipogenesis lineage. In the femoral head of rats, overexpression of RIP causes trabecular bone disorder and adipocyte accumulation, which can be rescued by overexpressing RAC1. This finding expands the regulatory role of lncRNAs in BMSCs and suggests RIP as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingjie Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingjiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shichun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengjie Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Boyu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dulei Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yange Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changchun Jian
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaohua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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19
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Vielmuth F, Radeva MY, Yeruva S, Sigmund AM, Waschke J. cAMP: A master regulator of cadherin-mediated binding in endothelium, epithelium and myocardium. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14006. [PMID: 37243909 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is crucial not only for maintaining tissue integrity and barrier function in the endothelium and epithelium but also for electromechanical coupling within the myocardium. Therefore, loss of cadherin-mediated adhesion causes various disorders, including vascular inflammation and desmosome-related diseases such as the autoimmune blistering skin dermatosis pemphigus and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Mechanisms regulating cadherin-mediated binding contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases and may also be used as therapeutic targets. Over the last 30 years, cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) has emerged as one of the master regulators of cell adhesion in endothelium and, more recently, also in epithelial cells as well as in cardiomyocytes. A broad spectrum of experimental models from vascular physiology and cell biology applied by different generations of researchers provided evidence that not only cadherins of endothelial adherens junctions (AJ) but also desmosomal contacts in keratinocytes and the cardiomyocyte intercalated discs are central targets in this scenario. The molecular mechanisms involve protein kinase A- and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP-mediated regulation of Rho family GTPases and S665 phosphorylation of the AJ and desmosome adaptor protein plakoglobin. In line with this, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors such as apremilast have been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to stabilize cadherin-mediated adhesion in pemphigus and may also be effective to treat other disorders where cadherin-mediated binding is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Vielmuth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sunil Yeruva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna M Sigmund
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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20
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Kim J, Mooren OL, Onken MD, Cooper JA. Septin and actin contributions to endothelial cell-cell junctions and monolayer integrity. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:228-241. [PMID: 36205643 PMCID: PMC10079785 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Septins in endothelial cells (ECs) have important roles supporting the integrity of the endothelial monolayer. Cell-cell junctions in EC monolayers are highly dynamic, with continuous retractions and protrusions. Depletion of septins in ECs leads to disruption of cell-cell junctions, which are composed of VE-cadherin and other junctional proteins. In EC monolayers, septins are concentrated at the plasma membrane at sites of cell-cell contact, in curved- and scallop-shaped patterns. These membrane-associated septin accumulations are located in regions of positive membrane curvature, and those regions are often associated with and immediately adjacent to actin-rich protrusions with negative membrane curvature. EC septins associate directly with plasma membrane lipids, based on findings with site-specific mutations of septins in ECs, which is consistent with biochemical and cell biological studies in other systems. Loss of septins leads to disruption of the EC monolayer, and gaps form between cells. The number and breadth of cell-cell contacts and junctions decreases, and the number and frequency of retractions, ruffles, and protrusions at cell edges also decreases. In addition, loss of septins leads to decreased amounts of F-actin at the cortical membrane, along with increased amounts of F-actin in stress fibers of the cytoplasm. Endothelial monolayer disruption from loss of septins is also associated with decreased transendothelial electric resistance (TEER) and increased levels of transendothelial migration (TEM) by immune and cancer cells, owing to the gaps in the monolayer. A current working model is that assembly of septin filaments at regions of positive membrane curvature contributes to a mechanical footing or base for actin-based protrusive forces generated at adjoining regions of the membrane. Specific molecular interactions between the septin and actin components of the cytoskeleton may also be important contributors. Regulators of actin assembly may promote and support the assembly of septin filaments at the membrane, as part of a molecular feedback loop between the assembly of septin and actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Olivia L Mooren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael D Onken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John A Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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21
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Adhicary S, Fanelli K, Nakisli S, Ward B, Pearce I, Nielsen CM. Rbpj Deficiency Disrupts Vascular Remodeling via Abnormal Apelin and Cdc42 (Cell Division Cycle 42) Activity in Brain Arteriovenous Malformation. Stroke 2023; 54:1593-1605. [PMID: 37051908 PMCID: PMC10213117 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.041853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) are characterized by enlarged blood vessels, which direct blood through arteriovenous shunts, bypassing the artery-capillary-vein network and disrupting blood flow. Clinically, bAVM treatments are invasive and not routinely applicable. There is critical need to understand mechanisms of bAVM pathologies and develop pharmacological therapies. METHODS We used an in vivo mouse model of Rbpj-mediated bAVM, which develops pathologies in the early postnatal period and an siRNA in vitro system to knockdown RBPJ in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs). To understand molecular events regulated by endothelial Rbpj, we conducted RNA-Seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation-Seq analyses from isolated brain ECs. RESULTS Rbpj-deficient (mutant) brain ECs acquired abnormally rounded shape (with no change to cell area), altered basement membrane dynamics, and increased endothelial cell density along arteriovenous shunts, compared to controls, suggesting impaired remodeling of neonatal brain vasculature. Consistent with impaired endothelial cell dynamics, we found increased Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42) activity in isolated mutant ECs, suggesting that Rbpj regulates small GTPase (guanosine triphosphate hydrolase)-mediated cellular functions in brain ECs. siRNA-treated, RBPJ-deficient human brain ECs displayed increased Cdc42 activity, disrupted cell polarity and focal adhesion properties, and impaired migration in vitro. RNA-Seq analysis from isolated brain ECs identified differentially expressed genes in mutants, including Apelin, which encodes a ligand for G protein-coupled receptor signaling known to influence small GTPase activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-Seq analysis revealed chromatin loci occupied by Rbpj in brain ECs that corresponded to G-protein and Apelin signaling molecules. In vivo administration of a competitive peptide antagonist against the Apelin receptor (Aplnr/Apj) attenuated Cdc42 activity and restored endothelial cell morphology and arteriovenous connection diameter in Rbpj-mutant brain vessels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that endothelial Rbpj promotes rearrangement of brain ECs during cerebrovascular remodeling, through Apelin/Apj-mediated small GTPase activity, and prevents bAVM. By inhibiting Apelin/Apj signaling in vivo, we demonstrated pharmacological prevention of Rbpj-mediated bAVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhodip Adhicary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Kayleigh Fanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Sera Nakisli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Brittney Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Isaac Pearce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Corinne M. Nielsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
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22
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Perrelli A, Ferraris C, Berni E, Glading AJ, Retta SF. KRIT1: A Traffic Warden at the Busy Crossroads Between Redox Signaling and the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:496-528. [PMID: 36047808 PMCID: PMC10039281 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: KRIT1 (Krev interaction trapped 1) is a scaffolding protein that plays a critical role in vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis. Its loss-of-function has been unequivocally associated with the pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM), a major cerebrovascular disease of genetic origin characterized by defective endothelial cell-cell adhesion and ensuing structural alterations and hyperpermeability in brain capillaries. KRIT1 contributes to the maintenance of endothelial barrier function by stabilizing the integrity of adherens junctions and inhibiting the formation of actin stress fibers. Recent Advances: Among the multiple regulatory mechanisms proposed so far, significant evidence accumulated over the past decade has clearly shown that the role of KRIT1 in the stability of endothelial barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, is largely based on its involvement in the complex machinery governing cellular redox homeostasis and responses to oxidative stress and inflammation. KRIT1 loss-of-function has, indeed, been demonstrated to cause an impairment of major redox-sensitive mechanisms involved in spatiotemporal regulation of cell adhesion and signaling, which ultimately leads to decreased cell-cell junction stability and enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress and inflammation. Critical Issues: This review explores the redox mechanisms that influence endothelial cell adhesion and barrier function, focusing on the role of KRIT1 in such mechanisms. We propose that this supports a novel model wherein redox signaling forms the common link between the various pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches hitherto associated with CCM disease. Future Directions: A comprehensive characterization of the role of KRIT1 in redox control of endothelial barrier physiology and defense against oxy-inflammatory insults will provide valuable insights into the development of precision medicine strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 496-528.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Berni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Angela J. Glading
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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23
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O'Leary F, Campbell M. The blood-retina barrier in health and disease. FEBS J 2023; 290:878-891. [PMID: 34923749 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The blood-retina barrier (BRB) is the term used to define the properties of the retinal capillaries and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which separate the systemic circulation from the retina. More specifically, the inner blood-retina barrier (iBRB) is used to describe the properties of the endothelial cells that line the microvasculature of the inner retina, while the outer blood-retina barrier (oBRB) refers to the properties of the RPE cells that separate the fenestrated choriocapillaris from the retina. The BRB is not a fixed structure; rather, it is dynamic, with its components making unique contributions to its function and structural integrity, and therefore the retina. For example, while tight junction (TJ) proteins between retinal endothelial cells are the key molecular structures in the maintenance of the iBRB, other cell types surrounding endothelial cells are also important. In fact, this overall structure is termed the neurovascular unit (NVU). The integrity of the BRB is crucial in the maintenance of a 'dry', tightly regulated retinal microenvironment through the regulation of transcellular and paracellular transport. Specifically, breakdown of TJs can result in oedema formation, a hallmark feature of many retinal diseases. Here, we will describe the oBRB briefly, with a more in-depth focus on the structure and function of the iBRB in health and diseased states. Finally, the contribution of the BRB to the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other rarer retinal diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionn O'Leary
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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24
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Noh M, Kim Y, Zhang H, Kim H, Bae CR, Lee S, Kwon YG. Oral administration of CU06-1004 attenuates vascular permeability and stabilizes neovascularization in retinal vascular diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 939:175427. [PMID: 36509133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Retinal vascular diseases are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. These diseases have common disease mechanisms including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, hypoxia, and inflammation. Treatment of these diseases with laser therapy, anti-VEGF injections and/or steroids has significantly improved clinical outcomes. However, these strategies do not address the underlying cause of the pathology and may have harmful side effects. Pathological processes that damage retinal vessels result in vascular occlusion and impairment of the barrier properties of retinal endothelial cells, leading to excessive vascular leakage. Therefore, a new therapeutic approach is needed for the treatment of retinal vascular disease. We were able to confirm that oral administration of CU06-1004, an endothelial dysfunction blocker, inhibited retinal vascular leakage induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2). Interestingly, oral administration of CU06-1004 prevented excessive vascular leakage in the diabetic retinopathy model. In addition, CU06-1004 inhibited angiogenesis and confirmed vascular stabilization in the oxygen-induced retinopathy model and laser-induced CNV model. Taken together, CU06-1004 could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Noh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomyeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiying Zhang
- R&D Department, Curacle Co. Ltd, Seoul, 06694, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rong Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghye Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Song JH, Mascarenhas JB, Sammani S, Kempf CL, Cai H, Camp SM, Bermudez T, Zhang DD, Natarajan V, Garcia JGN. TLR4 activation induces inflammatory vascular permeability via Dock1 targeting and NOX4 upregulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166562. [PMID: 36179995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The loss of vascular integrity is a cardinal feature of acute inflammatory responses evoked by activation of the TLR4 inflammatory cascade. Utilizing in vitro and in vivo models of inflammatory lung injury, we explored TLR4-mediated dysregulated signaling that results in the loss of endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity and vascular permeability, focusing on Dock1 and Elmo1 complexes that are intimately involved in regulation of Rac1 GTPase activity, a well recognized modulator of vascular integrity. Marked reductions in Dock1 and Elmo1 expression was observed in lung tissues (porcine, rat, mouse) exposed to TLR4 ligand-mediated acute inflammatory lung injury (LPS, eNAMPT) in combination with injurious mechanical ventilation. Lung tissue levels of Dock1 and Elmo1 were preserved in animals receiving an eNAMPT-neutralizing mAb in conjunction with highly significant decreases in alveolar edema and lung injury severity, consistent with Dock1/Elmo1 as pathologic TLR4 targets directly involved in inflammation-mediated loss of vascular barrier integrity. In vitro studies determined that pharmacologic inhibition of Dock1-mediated activation of Rac1 (TBOPP) significantly exacerbated TLR4 agonist-induced EC barrier dysfunction (LPS, eNAMPT) and attenuated increases in EC barrier integrity elicited by barrier-enhancing ligands of the S1P1 receptor (sphingosine-1-phosphate, Tysiponate). The EC barrier-disrupting influence of Dock1 inhibition on S1PR1 barrier regulation occurred in concert with: 1) suppressed formation of EC barrier-enhancing lamellipodia, 2) altered nmMLCK-mediated MLC2 phosphorylation, and 3) upregulation of NOX4 expression and increased ROS. These studies indicate that Dock1 is essential for maintaining EC junctional integrity and is a critical target in TLR4-mediated inflammatory lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin H Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Joseph B Mascarenhas
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Carrie L Kempf
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Hua Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology. University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Tadeo Bermudez
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
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26
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Millar MW, Fazal F, Rahman A. Therapeutic Targeting of NF-κB in Acute Lung Injury: A Double-Edged Sword. Cells 2022; 11:3317. [PMID: 36291185 PMCID: PMC9601210 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a devastating disease that can be caused by a variety of conditions including pneumonia, sepsis, trauma, and most recently, COVID-19. Although our understanding of the mechanisms of ALI/ARDS pathogenesis and resolution has considerably increased in recent years, the mortality rate remains unacceptably high (~40%), primarily due to the lack of effective therapies for ALI/ARDS. Dysregulated inflammation, as characterized by massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the airspace and the associated damage of the capillary-alveolar barrier leading to pulmonary edema and hypoxemia, is a major hallmark of ALI/ARDS. Endothelial cells (ECs), the inner lining of blood vessels, are important cellular orchestrators of PMN infiltration in the lung. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) plays an essential role in rendering the endothelium permissive for PMN adhesion and transmigration to reach the inflammatory site. Thus, targeting NF-κB in the endothelium provides an attractive approach to mitigate PMN-mediated vascular injury, not only in ALI/ARDS, but in other inflammatory diseases as well in which EC dysfunction is a major pathogenic mechanism. This review discusses the role and regulation of NF-κB in the context of EC inflammation and evaluates the potential and problems of targeting it as a therapy for ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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27
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Cytoskeleton Elements Contribute to Prion Peptide-Induced Endothelial Barrier Breakdown in a Blood–Brain Barrier In Vitro System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012126. [PMID: 36293002 PMCID: PMC9603506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the interaction of PrP 106-126, a peptide corresponding to the prion protein amyloidogenic region, with the blood–brain barrier (BBB) were studied. PrP 106-126 treatment that was previously shown to impair BBB function, reduced cAMP levels in cultured brain endothelial cells, increased nitric oxide (NO) levels, and changed the activation mode of the small GTPases Rac1 (inactivation) and RhoA (activation). The latter are well established regulators of endothelial barrier properties that act via cytoskeletal elements. Indeed, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based proteomic profiling study revealed extensive changes in expression of cytoskeleton-related proteins. These results shed light on the nature of the interaction between the prion peptide PrP 106-126 and the BBB and emphasize the importance of the cytoskeleton in endothelium response to prion- induced stress.
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28
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Moztarzadeh S, Radeva MY, Sepic S, Schuster K, Hamad I, Waschke J, García-Ponce A. Lack of adducin impairs the stability of endothelial adherens and tight junctions and may be required for cAMP-Rac1-mediated endothelial barrier stabilization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14940. [PMID: 36056066 PMCID: PMC9440001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adducin (Add) is an actin binding protein participating in the stabilization of actin/spectrin networks, epithelial junctional turnover and cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension. Recently, we demonstrated that Add is required for adherens junctions (AJ) integrity. Here we hypothesized that Add regulates tight junctions (TJ) as well and may play a role in cAMP-mediated barrier enhancement. We evaluated the role of Add in MyEnd cells isolated from WT and Add-Knock-Out (KO) mice. Our results indicate that the lack of Add drastically alters the junctional localization and protein levels of major AJ and TJ components, including VE-Cadherin and claudin-5. We also showed that cAMP signaling induced by treatment with forskolin and rolipram (F/R) enhances the barrier integrity of WT but not Add-KO cells. The latter showed no junctional reorganization upon cAMP increase. The absence of Add also led to higher protein levels of the small GTPases Rac1 and RhoA. In vehicle-treated cells the activation level of Rac1 did not differ significantly when WT and Add-KO cells were compared. However, the lack of Add led to increased activity of RhoA. Moreover, F/R treatment triggered Rac1 activation only in WT cells. The function of Rac1 and RhoA per se was unaffected by the total ablation of Add, since direct activation with CN04 was still possible in both cell lines and led to improved endothelial barrier function. In the current study, we demonstrate that Add is required for the maintenance of endothelial barrier by regulating both AJ and TJ. Our data show that Add may act upstream of Rac1 as it is necessary for its activation via cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Moztarzadeh
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Sepic
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schuster
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Hamad
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander García-Ponce
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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29
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Ramasubramanian B, Kim J, Ke Y, Li Y, Zhang CO, Promnares K, Tanaka KA, Birukov KG, Karki P, Birukova AA. Mechanisms of pulmonary endothelial permeability and inflammation caused by extracellular histone subunits H3 and H4. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22470. [PMID: 35969180 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200303rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular DNA-binding proteins such as histones are danger-associated molecular pattern released by the injured tissues in trauma and sepsis settings, which trigger host immune response and vascular dysfunction. Molecular events leading to histone-induced endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction remain poorly understood. This study performed comparative analysis of H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone subunits effects on human pulmonary EC permeability and inflammatory response. Analysis of transendothelial electrical resistance and EC monolayer permeability for macromolecues revealed that H3 and H4, but not H1, H2A, or H2B caused dose-dependent EC permeability accompanied by disassembly of adherens junctions. At higher doses, H3 and H4 activated nuclear factor kappa B inflammatory cascade leading to upregulation EC adhesion molecules ICAM1, VCAM1, E-selectin, and release of inflammatory cytokines. Inhibitory receptor analysis showed that toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 but not TLR1/2 or receptor for advanced glycation end inhibition significantly attenuated deleterious effects of H3 and H4 histones. Inhibitor of Rho-kinase was without effect, while inhibition of Src kinase caused partial preservation of cell-cell junctions, H3/H4-induced permeability and inflammation. Deleterious effects of H3/H4 were blocked by heparin. Activation of Epac-Rap1 signaling restored EC barrier properties after histone challenge. Intravenous injection of histones in mice caused elevation of inflammatory markers and increased vascular leak. Post-treatment with pharmacological Epac/Rap1 activator suppressed injurious effects of histones in vitro and in vivo. These results identify H3 and H4 as key histone subunits exhibiting deleterious effects on pulmonary vascular endothelium via TLR4-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, elevation of circulating histones may represent a serious risk of exacerbated acute lung injury (ALI) and multiple organ injury during severe trauma and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baalachandran Ramasubramanian
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen-Ou Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kamoltip Promnares
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenichi A Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pratap Karki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Plasmodium falciparum and TNF-α Differentially Regulate Inflammatory and Barrier Integrity Pathways in Human Brain Endothelial Cells. mBio 2022; 13:e0174622. [PMID: 36036514 PMCID: PMC9601155 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01746-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection characterized by the loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, which is associated with brain swelling and mortality in patients. P. falciparum-infected red blood cells and inflammatory cytokines, like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), have been implicated in the development of cerebral malaria, but it is still unclear how they contribute to the loss of BBB integrity. Here, a combination of transcriptomic analysis and cellular assays detecting changes in barrier integrity and endothelial activation were used to distinguish between the effects of P. falciparum and TNF-α on a human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) line and in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells. We observed that while TNF-α induced high levels of endothelial activation, it only caused a small increase in HBMEC permeability. Conversely, P. falciparum-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) led to a strong increase in HBMEC permeability that was not mediated by cell death. Distinct transcriptomic profiles of TNF-α and P. falciparum in HBMECs confirm the differential effects of these stimuli, with the parasite preferentially inducing an endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Our results establish that there are fundamental differences in the responses induced by TNF-α and P. falciparum on brain endothelial cells and suggest that parasite-induced signaling is a major component driving the disruption of the BBB during cerebral malaria, proposing a potential target for much needed therapeutics.
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Dolmatova EV, Forrester SJ, Wang K, Ou Z, Williams HC, Joseph G, Kumar S, Valdivia A, Kowalczyk AP, Qu H, Jo H, Lassègue B, Hernandes MS, Griendling KK. Endothelial Poldip2 regulates sepsis-induced lung injury via Rho pathway activation. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:2506-2518. [PMID: 34528082 PMCID: PMC9612795 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sepsis-induced lung injury is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Previously, we showed that heterozygous deletion of polymerase δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) was protective against sepsis-induced lung injury. Since endothelial barrier disruption is thought to be the main mechanism of sepsis-induced lung injury, we sought to determine if the observed protection was specifically due to the effect of reduced endothelial Poldip2. METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelial-specific Poldip2 knock-out mice (EC-/-) and their wild-type littermates (EC+/+) were injected with saline or lipopolysaccharide (18 mg/kg) to model sepsis-induced lung injury. At 18 h post-injection mice, were euthanized and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue were collected to assess leucocyte infiltration. Poldip2 EC-/- mice showed reduced lung leucocyte infiltration in BAL (0.21 ± 0.9×106 vs. 1.29 ± 1.8×106 cells/mL) and lung tissue (12.7 ± 1.8 vs. 23 ± 3.7% neutrophils of total number of cells) compared to Poldip2 EC+/+ mice. qPCR analysis of the lung tissue revealed a significantly dampened induction of inflammatory gene expression (TNFα 2.23 ± 0.39 vs. 4.15 ± 0.5-fold, IκBα 4.32 ± 1.53 vs. 8.97 ± 1.59-fold), neutrophil chemoattractant gene expression (CXCL1 68.8 ± 29.6 vs. 147 ± 25.7-fold, CXCL2 65 ± 25.6 vs. 215 ± 27.3-fold) and a marker of endothelial activation (VCAM1 1.25 ± 0.25 vs. 3.8 ± 0.38-fold) in Poldip2 EC-/- compared to Poldip2 EC+/+ lungs. An in vitro model using human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells was used to assess the effect of Poldip2 knock-down on endothelial activation and permeability. TNFα-induced endothelial permeability and VE-cadherin disruption were significantly reduced with siRNA-mediated knock-down of Poldip2 (5 ± 0.5 vs. 17.5 ± 3-fold for permeability, 1.5 ± 0.4 vs. 10.9 ± 1.3-fold for proportion of disrupted VE-cadherin). Poldip2 knock-down altered expression of Rho-GTPase-related genes, which correlated with reduced RhoA activation by TNFα (0.94 ± 0.05 vs. 1.29 ± 0.01 of relative RhoA activity) accompanied by redistribution of active-RhoA staining to the centre of the cell. CONCLUSION Poldip2 is a potent regulator of endothelial dysfunction during sepsis-induced lung injury, and its endothelium-specific inhibition may provide clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Dolmatova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Steven J Forrester
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Keke Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ziwei Ou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Holly C Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Giji Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Alejandra Valdivia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 700 HMC Cres Rd, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Hongyan Qu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Marina S Hernandes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Wang D, Han J, Pan C, Li C, Zhao Y, Liu S, Zhang Y, Tian J, Yi Y, Zhu J, Liu C, Wang Y, Xian Z, Meng J, Qin S, Tang X, Wang F, Liang A. Penilloic acid is the chief culprit involved in non-IgE mediated, immediate penicillin-induced hypersensitivity reactions in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:874486. [PMID: 36071842 PMCID: PMC9443931 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.874486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites/impurities (MIs) of penicillin are normally considered to be the main substances inducing immediate hypersensitivity reactions in penicillin treatment. Our previous research found that penicillin can cause non-allergic hypersensitivity reactions (NAHRs) by directly triggering vascular hyperpermeability and exudative inflammation. However, the chief culprits and underlying mechanisms involved in penicillin-induced NAHRs have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we used a combination of approaches including a mouse non-allergic hypersensitivity reaction model, UPLC-MS/MS analyses of arachidonic acid metabolites (AAMs), immunoblotting technique, and molecular docking, etc to investigate the culprits involved in penicillin-induced hypersensitivity reactions. We found penilloic acid, one of the main MIs of penicillin, could trigger NAHRs via inducing increased vascular permeability, while the other MIs did no exhibit similar effect. Penilloic acid-induced reactions were not IgE-dependent. Significantly increased arachidonic acids and cascade metabolites in lungs, and activation of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway in the ears and lungs of mice were noticed after once administration of penilloic acid. This study revealed that penilloic acid was the chief culprit involved in penicillin-induced immediate NAHRs in mice, which mainly associated with direct stimulation of vascular hyperpermeability and exudative inflammation. The activations of AAMs and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway played important roles in these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhuo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Qin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Aihua Liang,
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Wang F, Zhang X, Liu Y, Li Z, Wei R, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Khan S, Yong VW, Xue M. Neuroprotection by Ozanimod Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:927150. [PMID: 35782389 PMCID: PMC9242004 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.927150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with poor prognosis. Modulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) may improve outcomes from ICH. Ozanimod (RPC-1063) is a newly developed S1PR regulator which can selectively modulate type 1/5 sphingosine receptors. Here, we studied the impact of Ozanimod on neuroprotection in an experimental mouse model of ICH, induced by injecting collagenase type VII into the basal ganglia. Ozanimod was administered by gavage 2 h after surgery and once a day thereafter until sacrifice. The results demonstrate that Ozanimod treatment improved neurobehavioral deficits in mice and decreased weight loss after ICH. Ozanimod significantly reduced the density of activated microglia and infiltrated neutrophils in the perihematoma region. Furthermore, Ozanimod reduced hematoma volume and water content of the ICH brain. The results of TUNEL staining indicate that Ozanimod mitigated brain cell death. The quantitative data of Evans blue (EB) staining showed that Ozanimod reduced EB dye leakage. Overall, Ozanimod reduces the destruction of the BBB and exert neuroprotective roles following ICH in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruixue Wei
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - V. Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: V. Wee Yong,
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Mengzhou Xue,
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Wang Y, Liu X, Chao Z, Qin X, Quan X, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Jia C, Qin H, Zhang H. Pigment epithelium-derived factor maintains tight junction stability after myocardial infarction in rats through inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2022; 417:113213. [PMID: 35618012 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impairment of the coronary microcirculatory barrier caused by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is closely related to poor prognosis. Recently, pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) has been proven to be a promising cardiovascular protective drug. In this study, we demonstrated the protective role of PEDF in endothelial tight junctions (TJs) and the vascular barrier in AMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), echocardiography and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the size of infarcted myocardium area and cardiac function in myocardial tissue, and the distribution of tight junction proteins in human coronary endothelial cells (HCAEC). Dextran leakage assay and Transwell were used to assess the extent of vascular and HCAEC leakage. PCR and Western blot were used to detect tight junction-related mRNA and protein, and signaling pathway protein expression. RESULTS PEDF effectively reduced the infarction area and improved cardiac function in AMI rats, and lowered the leakage in AMI rats' angiocarpy and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated HCAEC. Furthermore, PEDF upregulated the expression of TJ mRNA and proteins in vivo and vitro. Mechanistically, PEDF inhibited the expression of phosphorylated low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (p-LRP6) and active β-catenin under OGD, thus suppressing the activation of the classical Wnt pathway. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings demonstrated that PEDF maintained the expression of TJ proteins and endothelial barrier integrity by inhibiting the classical Wnt pathway during AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuo Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhixiang Chao
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xichun Qin
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Quan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Public Experimental Research Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yeqing Zhou
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caili Jia
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China.
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Nguee SYT, Júnior JWBD, Epiphanio S, Rénia L, Claser C. Experimental Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:899581. [PMID: 35677654 PMCID: PMC9168995 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.899581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is increasingly gaining recognition as a severe malaria complication because of poor prognostic outcomes, high lethality rate, and limited therapeutic interventions. Unfortunately, invasive clinical studies are challenging to conduct and yields insufficient mechanistic insights. These limitations have led to the development of suitable MA-ARDS experimental mouse models. In patients and mice, MA-ARDS is characterized by edematous lung, along with marked infiltration of inflammatory cells and damage of the alveolar-capillary barriers. Although, the pathogenic pathways have yet to be fully understood, the use of different experimental mouse models is fundamental in the identification of mediators of pulmonary vascular damage. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on endothelial activation, leukocyte recruitment, leukocyte induced-endothelial dysfunction, and other important findings, to better understand the pathogenesis pathways leading to endothelial pulmonary barrier lesions and increased vascular permeability. We also discuss how the advances in imaging techniques can contribute to a better understanding of the lung lesions induced during MA-ARDS, and how it could aid to monitor MA-ARDS severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Yee Teng Nguee
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent Rénia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carla Claser,
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Nuñez-Borque E, Fernandez-Bravo S, Yuste-Montalvo A, Esteban V. Pathophysiological, Cellular, and Molecular Events of the Vascular System in Anaphylaxis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836222. [PMID: 35371072 PMCID: PMC8965328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a systemic hypersensitivity reaction that can be life threatening. Mechanistically, it results from the immune activation and release of a variety of mediators that give rise to the signs and symptoms of this pathological event. For years, most of the research in anaphylaxis has focused on the contribution of the immune component. However, approaches that shed light on the participation of other cellular and molecular agents are necessary. Among them, the vascular niche receives the various signals (e.g., histamine) that elicit the range of anaphylactic events. Cardiovascular manifestations such as increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, hypotension, vasoconstriction, and cardiac alterations are crucial in the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis and are highly involved to the development of the most severe cases. Specifically, the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells, and their molecular signaling outcomes play an essential role downstream of the immune reaction. Therefore, in this review, we synthesized the vascular changes observed during anaphylaxis as well as its cellular and molecular components. As the risk of anaphylaxis exists both in clinical procedures and in routine life, increasing our knowledge of the vascular physiology and their molecular mechanism will enable us to improve the clinical management and how to treat or prevent anaphylaxis. Key Message Anaphylaxis, the most severe allergic reaction, involves a variety of immune and non-immune molecular signals that give rise to its pathophysiological manifestations. Importantly, the vascular system is engaged in processes relevant to anaphylactic events such as increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, hypotension, vasoconstriction, and decreased cardiac output. The novelty of this review focuses on the fact that new studies will greatly improve the understanding of anaphylaxis when viewed from a vascular molecular angle and specifically from the endothelium. This knowledge will improve therapeutic options to treat or prevent anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Nuñez-Borque
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto en Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Fernandez-Bravo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto en Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma Yuste-Montalvo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto en Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Esteban
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto en Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
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Ardoña HAM, Zimmerman JF, Shani K, Kim SH, Eweje F, Bitounis D, Parviz D, Casalino E, Strano M, Demokritou P, Parker KK. Differential modulation of endothelial cytoplasmic protrusions after exposure to graphene-family nanomaterials. NANOIMPACT 2022; 26:100401. [PMID: 35560286 PMCID: PMC9812361 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials offer the benefit of having systematically tunable physicochemical characteristics (e.g., size, dimensionality, and surface chemistry) that highly dictate the biological activity of a material. Among the most promising engineered nanomaterials to date are graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs), which are 2-D nanomaterials (2DNMs) with unique electrical and mechanical properties. Beyond engineering new nanomaterial properties, employing safety-by-design through considering the consequences of cell-material interactions is essential for exploring their applicability in the biomedical realm. In this study, we asked the effect of GFNs on the endothelial barrier function and cellular architecture of vascular endothelial cells. Using micropatterned cell pairs as a reductionist in vitro model of the endothelium, the progression of cytoskeletal reorganization as a function of GFN surface chemistry and time was quantitatively monitored. Here, we show that the surface oxidation of GFNs (graphene, reduced graphene oxide, partially reduced graphene oxide, and graphene oxide) differentially affect the endothelial barrier at multiple scales; from the biochemical pathways that influence the development of cellular protrusions to endothelial barrier integrity. More oxidized GFNs induce higher endothelial permeability and the increased formation of cytoplasmic protrusions such as filopodia. We found that these changes in cytoskeletal organization, along with barrier function, can be potentiated by the effect of GFNs on the Rho/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway. Specifically, GFNs with higher surface oxidation elicit stronger ROCK2 inhibitory behavior as compared to pristine graphene sheets. Overall, findings from these studies offer a new perspective towards systematically controlling the surface-dependent effects of GFNs on cytoskeletal organization via ROCK2 inhibition, providing insight for implementing safety-by-design principles in GFN manufacturing towards their targeted biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herdeline Ann M Ardoña
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - John F Zimmerman
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Kevin Shani
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Su-Hwan Kim
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Feyisayo Eweje
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dorsa Parviz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Evan Casalino
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Michael Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA.
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Khan A, Ni W, Baltazar T, Lopez-Giraldez F, Pober JS, Pierce RW. ArhGEF12 activates Rap1A and not RhoA in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells to reduce tumor necrosis factor-induced leak. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22254. [PMID: 35294066 PMCID: PMC9103844 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101873rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Overwhelming inflammation in the setting of acute critical illness induces capillary leak resulting in hypovolemia, edema, tissue dysoxia, organ failure and even death. The tight junction (TJ)-dependent capillary barrier is regulated by small GTPases, but the specific regulatory molecules most active in this vascular segment under such circumstances are not well described. We set out to identify GTPase regulatory molecules specific to endothelial cells (EC) that form TJs. Transcriptional profiling of confluent monolayers of TJ-forming human dermal microvascular ECs (HDMECs) and adherens junction only forming-human umbilical vein EC (HUVECs) demonstrate ARHGEF12 is basally expressed at higher levels and is only downregulated in HDMECs by junction-disrupting tumor necrosis factor (TNF). HDMECs depleted of ArhGEF12 by siRNA demonstrate a significantly exacerbated TNF-induced decrease in trans-endothelial electrical resistance and disruption of TJ continuous staining. ArhGEF12 is established as a RhoA-GEF in HUVECs and its knock down would be expected to reduce RhoA activity and barrier disruption. Pulldown of active GEFs from HDMECs depleted of ArhGEF12 and treated with TNF show decreased GTP-bound Rap1A after four hours but increased GTP-bound RhoA after 12 h. In cell-free assays, ArhGEF12 immunoprecipitated from HDMECs is able to activate both Rap1A and RhoA, but not act on Rap2A-C, RhoB-C, or even Rap1B which shares 95% sequence identity with Rap1A. We conclude that in TJ-forming HDMECs, ArhGEF12 selectively activates Rap1A to limit capillary barrier disruption in a mechanism independent of cAMP-mediated Epac1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamzeb Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University
| | - Weiming Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University
| | - Tania Baltazar
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University
| | | | - Jordan S. Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Fu Z. Molecular hydrogen is a potential protective agent in the management of acute lung injury. Mol Med 2022; 28:27. [PMID: 35240982 PMCID: PMC8892414 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is a more severe form of ALI, are life-threatening clinical syndromes observed in critically ill patients. Treatment methods to alleviate the pathogenesis of ALI have improved to a great extent at present. Although the efficacy of these therapies is limited, their relevance has increased remarkably with the ongoing pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes severe respiratory distress syndrome. Several studies have demonstrated the preventive and therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen in the various diseases. The biological effects of molecular hydrogen mainly involve anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and autophagy and cell death modulation. This review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen on ALI and its underlying mechanisms and aims to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of ALI and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiling Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Angiopoietin-2-induced lymphatic endothelial cell migration drives lymphangiogenesis via the β1 integrin-RhoA-formin axis. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:373-396. [PMID: 35103877 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is an essential physiological process but also a determining factor in vascular-related pathological conditions. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) plays an important role in lymphatic vascular development and function and its upregulation has been reported in several vascular-related diseases, including cancer. Given the established role of the small GTPase RhoA on cytoskeleton-dependent endothelial functions, we investigated the relationship between RhoA and Ang2-induced cellular activities. This study shows that Ang2-driven human dermal lymphatic endothelial cell migration depends on RhoA. We demonstrate that Ang2-induced migration is independent of the Tie receptors, but dependent on β1 integrin-mediated RhoA activation with knockdown, pharmacological approaches, and protein sequencing experiments. Although the key proteins downstream of RhoA, Rho kinase (ROCK) and myosin light chain, were activated, blockade of ROCK did not abrogate the Ang2-driven migratory effect. However, formins, an alternative target of RhoA, were identified as key players, and especially FHOD1. The Ang2-RhoA relationship was explored in vivo, where lymphatic endothelial RhoA deficiency blocked Ang2-induced lymphangiogenesis, highlighting RhoA as an important target for anti-lymphangiogenic treatments.
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Chen H, Shen Y, Liang Y, Qiu Y, Xu M, Li C. Selexipag improves Lipopolysaccharide-induced ARDS on C57BL/6 mice by modulating the cAMP/PKA and cAMP/Epac1 signaling pathways. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1043-1052. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliu Chen
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Ying Shen
- General Practice School, Guangxi Medical University
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Ying Qiu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Meili Xu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Chaoqian Li
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
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Karki P, Birukova AA. Microtubules as Major Regulators of Endothelial Function: Implication for Lung Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:758313. [PMID: 34777018 PMCID: PMC8582326 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.758313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been attributed as one of the major complications in COVID-19 patients, a global pandemic that has already caused over 4 million deaths worldwide. The dysfunction of endothelial barrier is characterized by an increase in endothelial permeability and inflammatory responses, and has even broader implications in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory syndromes such as ARDS, sepsis and chronic illnesses represented by pulmonary arterial hypertension and interstitial lung disease. The structural integrity of endothelial barrier is maintained by cytoskeleton elements, cell-substrate focal adhesion and adhesive cell junctions. Agonist-mediated changes in endothelial permeability are directly associated with reorganization of actomyosin cytoskeleton leading to cell contraction and opening of intercellular gaps or enhancement of cortical actin cytoskeleton associated with strengthening of endothelial barrier. The role of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in endothelial barrier regulation has taken the central stage, but the impact of microtubules in this process remains less explored and under-appreciated. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the crosstalk between microtubules dynamics and actin cytoskeleton remodeling, describe the signaling mechanisms mediating this crosstalk, discuss epigenetic regulation of microtubules stability and its nexus with endothelial barrier maintenance, and overview a role of microtubules in targeted delivery of signaling molecules regulating endothelial permeability and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Shirakura K, Okada Y. Vascular Leakage Prevention by Roundabout 4 under Pathological Conditions. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1365-1370. [PMID: 34602544 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular permeability is regulated mainly by the endothelial barrier and controls vascular homeostasis, proper vessel development, and immune cell trafficking. Several molecules are involved in regulating endothelial barrier function. Roundabout 4 (Robo4) is a single-pass transmembrane protein that is specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells. Robo4 is an important regulator of vascular leakage and angiogenesis, especially under pathological conditions. The role of Robo4 in preventing vascular leakage has been studied in various disease models, including animal models of retinopathy, tumors, diabetes, and endotoxemia. The involvement of Robo4 in vascular endothelial growth factor and inflammation-mediated signaling pathways has been well studied, and recent evidence suggests that Robo4 modulates endothelial barrier function via distinct mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of Robo4 in endothelial barrier function and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiaki Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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Zhang Y, Jiang L, Huang T, Lu D, Song Y, Wang L, Gao J. Mechanosensitive cation channel Piezo1 contributes to ventilator-induced lung injury by activating RhoA/ROCK1 in rats. Respir Res 2021; 22:250. [PMID: 34548087 PMCID: PMC8456630 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanical ventilation can induce or aggravate lung injury, which is termed ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Piezo1 is a key element of the mechanotransduction process and can transduce mechanical signals into biological signals by mediating Ca2+ influx, which in turn regulates cytoskeletal remodeling and stress alterations. We hypothesized that it plays an important role in the occurrence of VILI, and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Methods High tidal volume mechanical ventilation and high magnitude cyclic stretch were performed on Sprague–Dawley rats, and A549 and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, respectively, to establish VILI models. Immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, histological examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and survival curves were used to assess the effect of Piezo1 on induction of lung injury, as well as the signaling pathways involved. Results We observed that Piezo1 expression increased in the lungs after high tidal volume mechanical ventilation and in cyclic stretch-treated cells. Mechanistically, we observed the enhanced expression of RhoA/ROCK1 in both cyclic stretch and Yoda1-treated cells, while the deficiency or inhibition of Piezo1 dramatically antagonized RhoA/ROCK1 expression. Furthermore, blockade of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling using an inhibitor did not affect Piezo1 expression. GSMTx4 was used to inhibit Piezo1, which alleviated VILI-induced pathologic changes, water content and protein leakage in the lungs, and the induction of systemic inflammatory mediators, and improved the 7-day mortality rate in the model rats. Conclusions These findings indicate that Piezo1 affects the development and progression of VILI through promotion of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia, Emergency and Critical Care, Yangzhou University Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, 98 Nan Tong Western Road, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lulu Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tianfeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia, Emergency and Critical Care, Yangzhou University Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, 98 Nan Tong Western Road, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dahao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia, Emergency and Critical Care, Yangzhou University Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, 98 Nan Tong Western Road, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia, Emergency and Critical Care, Yangzhou University Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, 98 Nan Tong Western Road, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia, Emergency and Critical Care, Yangzhou University Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, 98 Nan Tong Western Road, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia, Emergency and Critical Care, Yangzhou University Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, 98 Nan Tong Western Road, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
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cAMP Compartmentalization in Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells: New Therapeutic Opportunities in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081951. [PMID: 34440720 PMCID: PMC8392343 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular hypothesis used to explain the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suggests that a dysfunction of the cerebral microvasculature could be the beginning of alterations that ultimately leads to neuronal damage, and an abnormal increase of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability plays a prominent role in this process. It is generally accepted that, in physiological conditions, cyclic AMP (cAMP) plays a key role in maintaining BBB permeability by regulating the formation of tight junctions between endothelial cells of the brain microvasculature. It is also known that intracellular cAMP signaling is highly compartmentalized into small nanodomains and localized cAMP changes are sufficient at modifying the permeability of the endothelial barrier. This spatial and temporal distribution is maintained by the enzymes involved in cAMP synthesis and degradation, by the location of its effectors, and by the existence of anchor proteins, as well as by buffers or different cytoplasm viscosities and intracellular structures limiting its diffusion. This review compiles current knowledge on the influence of cAMP compartmentalization on the endothelial barrier and, more specifically, on the BBB, laying the foundation for a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of AD.
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46
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Chen L, Zhou Y, Wang J, Li K, Zhang Z, Peng M. The adenosine A 2A receptor alleviates postoperative delirium-like behaviors by restoring blood cerebrospinal barrier permeability in rats. J Neurochem 2021; 158:980-996. [PMID: 34033116 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common post-operative complication in elderly patients that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the neuropathogenesis of this complication remains unknown. The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) and brain-blood barrier (BBB) are composed of tight junctions between cells that form physical barriers, and BBB damage plays an important role in the neuropathogenesis of POD. Nevertheless, the role of BCB in POD remains to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effect of adenosine A2A receptor (A2A R), a key regulator of the permeability of barriers, on surgery-induced increased permeability of BCB and POD-like behaviors. Open field, buried food, and Y maze tests were used to evaluate behavioral changes in rats after surgery. Levels of tight junction proteins, adherens junction proteins, A2A R, GTP-RhoA, and ROCK2 in the choroid plexus were assessed by western blotting. The concentrations of NaFI and FITC-dextran in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were detected by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe the ultrastructure of the choroid plexus. Surgery/anesthesia decreased the levels of tight junction (e.g., ZO-1, occludin, and claudin1) proteins, increased concentrations of NaFI and FITC-dextran in CSF, damaged the ultrastructure of choroid plexus, and induced POD-like behaviors in rats. An A2A R antagonist alleviated POD-like behaviors in rats. Furthermore, the A2A R antagonist increased the levels of tight junction proteins and restored the permeability of BCB in rats with POD. Fasudil, a selective Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) inhibitor, ameliorated POD-like behaviors induced by A2A R activation. Moreover, fasudil also abolished the increased levels of GTP-RhoA/ROCK2, decreased levels of tight junction proteins, and increased permeability of BCB caused by A2A R activation. Our findings demonstrate that A2A R might participate in regulating BCB permeability in rats with POD via the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway, which suggests the potential of A2A R as a therapeutic target for POD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mian Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Barabutis N. Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone in Endothelial Barrier Function. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:338-340. [PMID: 33771415 PMCID: PMC8102361 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) is the integral regulator of the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis. It exerts mitogenic effects in a plethora of progressive cancers. Recent evidence suggests the emerging role of that 44-amino acid (aa) neuropeptide in lung endothelial barrier function (EBF), which will be discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
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48
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Zhou Q, Jiang J, Chen G, Qian C, Sun G. Inflammatory Immune Cytokine TNF-α Modulates Ezrin Protein Activation via FAK/RhoA Signaling Pathway in PMVECs Hyperpermeability. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:676817. [PMID: 34054551 PMCID: PMC8152434 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.676817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the important pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the dysfunction of pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier induced by a hyperinflammatory immune response. However, the potential mechanisms of such an imbalance in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) are not yet understood. Purpose: Explore the molecular mechanism of endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by inflammatory immune cytokines in ARDS, and find a therapeutic target for this syndrome. Methods: Rat PMVECs were cultured to form a monolayer. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and Western blotting were selected to detect the distribution and the expression level of phosphorylated Ezrin protein and Ezrin protein. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) and transendothelial fluxes of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) were utilized to measure the permeability of the cell monolayer. Ezrin short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and Ezrin 567-site threonine mutant (EzrinT567A) were used to examine the role of Ezrin protein and phosphorylated Ezrin protein in endothelial response induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively. The function of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) signaling pathways were estimated by inhibitors and RhoA/FAK shRNA in TNF-α-stimulated rat PMVECs. The activation of FAK and RhoA was assessed by Western blotting or pull-down assay plus Western blotting. Results: The TER was decreased after TNF-α treatment, while the Ezrin protein phosphorylation was increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylated Ezrin protein was localized primarily at the cell periphery, resulting in filamentous actin (F-actin) rearrangement, followed by a significant decrease in TER and increase in fluxes of FITC-BSA. Moreover, FAK and RhoA signaling pathways were required in the phosphorylation of Ezrin protein, and the former positively regulated the latter. Conclusion: The phosphorylated Ezrin protein was induced by TNF-α via the FAK/RhoA signaling pathway leading to endothelial hyperpermeability in PMVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanjun Chen
- The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gengyun Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Vreeken D, Bruikman CS, Stam W, Cox SML, Nagy Z, Zhang H, Postma RJ, van Zonneveld AJ, Hovingh GK, van Gils JM. Downregulation of Endothelial Plexin A4 Under Inflammatory Conditions Impairs Vascular Integrity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:633609. [PMID: 34017863 PMCID: PMC8129156 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.633609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Besides hyperlipidemia, inflammation is an important determinant in the initiation and the progression of atherosclerosis. As Neuroimmune Guidance Cues (NGCs) are emerging as regulators of atherosclerosis, we set out to investigate the expression and function of inflammation-regulated NGCs. Methods and results: NGC expression in human monocytes and endothelial cells was assessed using a publicly available RNA dataset. Next, the mRNA levels of expressed NGCs were analyzed in primary human monocytes and endothelial cells after stimulation with IL1β or TNFα. Upon stimulation a total of 14 and 19 NGCs in monocytes and endothelial cells, respectively, were differentially expressed. Since plexin A4 (PLXNA4) was strongly downregulated in endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions, the role of PLXNA4 in endothelial function was investigated. Knockdown of PLXNA4 in endothelial cells markedly impaired the integrity of the monolayer leading to more elongated cells with an inflammatory phenotype. In addition, these cells showed an increase in actin stress fibers and decreased cell-cell junctions. Functional assays revealed decreased barrier function and capillary network formation of the endothelial cells, while vascular leakage and trans-endothelial migration of monocytes was increased. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that pro-inflammatory conditions result in differential expression of NGCs in endothelial cells and monocytes, both culprit cell types in atherosclerosis. Specifically, endothelial PLXNA4 is reduced upon inflammation, while PLXNA4 maintains endothelial barrier function thereby preventing vascular leakage of fluids as well as cells. Taken together, PLXNA4 may well have a causal role in atherogenesis that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Vreeken
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Caroline Suzanne Bruikman
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wendy Stam
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Martinus Leonardus Cox
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Zsófia Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Huayu Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rudmer Johannes Postma
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Kornelis Hovingh
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janine Maria van Gils
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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50
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Wu F, Chipman A, Dong JF, Kozar RA. Fibrinogen Activates PAK1/Cofilin Signaling Pathway to Protect Endothelial Barrier Integrity. Shock 2021; 55:660-665. [PMID: 32433215 PMCID: PMC8211399 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We recently demonstrated that fibrinogen stabilizes syndecan-1 on the endothelial cell (EC) surface and contributes to EC barrier protection, though the intracellular signaling pathway remains unclear. P21 (Rac1) activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling leading to actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and plays an important role in maintaining endothelial barrier integrity. We therefore hypothesized that fibrinogen binding to syndecan-1 activated the PAK1 pathway. METHODS Primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells were incubated in 10% lactated Ringers (LR) solution or 10% fibrinogen saline solution (5 mg/mL). Protein phosphorylation was determined by Western blot analysis and endothelial permeability measured by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran. Cells were silenced by siRNA transfection. Protein concentration was measured in the lung lavages of mice. RESULTS Fibrinogen treatment resulted in increased syndecan-1, PAK1 activation (phosphorylation), cofilin activation (dephosphorylation), as well as decreased stress fibers and permeability when compared with LR treatment. Cofilin is an actin-binding protein that depolymerizes F-actin to decrease stress fiber formation. Notably, fibrinogen did not influence myosin light chain activation (phosphorylation), a mediator of EC tension. Silencing of PAK1 prevented fibrinogen-induced dephosphorylation of cofilin and barrier integrity. Moreover, to confirm the in vitro findings, mice underwent hemorrhagic shock and were resuscitated with either LR or fibrinogen. Hemorrhage shock decreased lung p-PAK1 levels and caused significant lung vascular leakage. However, fibrinogen administration increased p-PAK1 expression to near sham levels and remarkably prevented the lung leakage. CONCLUSION We have identified a novel pathway by which fibrinogen activates PAK1 signaling to stimulate/dephosphorylate cofilin, leading to disassembly of stress fibers and reduction of endothelial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amanda Chipman
- Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Rosemary Ann Kozar
- Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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