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Bibi A, Bartekova M, Gandhi S, Greco S, Madè A, Sarkar M, Stopa V, Tastsoglou S, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Devaux Y, Emanueli C, Hatzigeorgiou AG, Nossent AY, Zhou Z, Martelli F. Circular RNA regulatory role in pathological cardiac remodelling. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38830749 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodelling involves structural, cellular and molecular alterations in the heart after injury, resulting in progressive loss of heart function and ultimately leading to heart failure. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recently rediscovered class of non-coding RNAs that play regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of the role of circRNAs in the processes governing cardiac remodelling may set the ground for the development of circRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In this review, the current knowledge about circRNA origin, conservation, characteristics and function is summarized. Bioinformatics and wet-lab methods used in circRNA research are discussed. The regulatory function of circRNAs in cardiac remodelling mechanisms such as cell death, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis and metabolism is highlighted. Finally, key challenges and opportunities in circRNA research are discussed, and orientations for future work to address the pharmacological potential of circRNAs in heart failure are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bibi
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monika Bartekova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Shrey Gandhi
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Simona Greco
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Alisia Madè
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Moumita Sarkar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Stopa
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Spyros Tastsoglou
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
- DIANA-Lab, Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Artemis G Hatzigeorgiou
- DIANA-Lab, Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - A Yaël Nossent
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
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2
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Fu H, Li D, Shuai W, Kong B, Wang X, Tang Y, Huang H, Huang C. Effects of Phenylacetylglutamine on the Susceptibility of Atrial Fibrillation in Overpressure-Induced HF Mice. Mol Cell Biol 2024; 44:149-163. [PMID: 38725392 PMCID: PMC11110696 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2024.2345363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), a gut metabolite is substantially elevated in heart failure (HF). The increase of PAGln in plasma is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), and contributes to AF pathogenesis. However, the role of PAGln in AF with HF remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of PAGln on AF after HF. Thoracic aortic coarctation (TAC) created overpressure-induced HF mice for 4 weeks. Histopathology, biochemical, echocardiographic for assessment of cardiac function, and electrophysiological examination of several electrophysiological indexes (ERP, SNRT, and the occurrence rate of AF) were performed at the end of the HF mice model. We found that plasma PAGln levels were significantly elevated in PAGln-treated HF mice and that PAGln aggravated maladaptive structural remodeling and electrical remodeling, which aggravated the vulnerability of AF, shortened the ERP duration, prolonged the SNRT, increased the occurrence rate of AF in HF mice. Mechanistically, PAGln exacerbated ROS accumulation and increased the levels of phosphorylated PLB and CAMK II. Overall, PAGln played a vital role in promoting the occurrence of AF in HF mice by activating the CAMK II signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dengke Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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3
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Ninni S, Algalarrondo V, Brette F, Lemesle G, Fauconnier J. Left atrial cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiological insights, assessment methods and clinical implications. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 117:283-296. [PMID: 38490844 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Atrial cardiomyopathy is defined as any complex of structural, architectural, contractile or electrophysiological changes affecting atria, with the potential to produce clinically relevant manifestations. Most of our knowledge about the mechanistic aspects of atrial cardiomyopathy is derived from studies investigating animal models of atrial fibrillation and atrial tissue samples obtained from individuals who have a history of atrial fibrillation. Several noninvasive tools have been reported to characterize atrial cardiomyopathy in patients, which may be relevant for predicting the risk of incident atrial fibrillation and its related outcomes, such as stroke. Here, we provide an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atrial cardiomyopathy, and discuss the complex interplay of these mechanisms, including aging, left atrial pressure overload, metabolic disorders and genetic factors. We discuss clinical tools currently available to characterize atrial cardiomyopathy, including electrocardiograms, cardiac imaging and serum biomarkers. Finally, we discuss the clinical impact of atrial cardiomyopathy, and its potential role for predicting atrial fibrillation, stroke, heart failure and dementia. Overall, this review aims to highlight the critical need for a clinically relevant definition of atrial cardiomyopathy to improve treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Ninni
- CHU de Lille, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Vincent Algalarrondo
- Department of Cardiology, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Brette
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jérémy Fauconnier
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34093 Montpellier, France
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4
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Zuo K, Fang C, Gao Y, Fu Y, Wang H, Li J, Zhong J, Yang X, Xu L. Suppression of the gut microbiota-bile acid-FGF19 axis in patients with atrial fibrillation. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13488. [PMID: 37186335 PMCID: PMC10623955 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of the gut microbiota (GM)-bile acid (BA)-fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 axis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Gut bacterial metabolisms of BAs were determined in an AF metagenomic dataset. The composition of faecal BAs pools was characterized by targeted metabolomics in an independent AF cross-sectional cohort. Circulating levels of FGF19 were measured by ELISA. In vitro cell experiments were conducted to validate the regulatory role of FGF19 in atrial cardiomyocytes stimulated with palmitic acid. First, metagenomic profiling revealed that gut microbial biotransformation from primary to secondary BAs was dysregulated in AF patients. Second, the proportion of secondary BAs decreased in the faeces of patients with AF. Also, eight BAs were identified as AF-associated BAs, including seven AF-enriched BAs (ursodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, etc.), and AF-decreased dehydrolithocholic acid. Third, reduced levels of circulating FGF19 were observed in patients with AF. Subsequently, FGF19 was found to protect against palmitic acid-induced lipid accumulation and dysregulated signalling in atrial cardiomyocytes, including attenuated phosphorylation of YAP and Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II and secretion of interleukin-1β, mediated via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Our data found decreased levels of secondary BAs and circulating FGF19, resulting in the impaired protective function of FGF19 against lipid accumulation in atrial cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zuo
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chen Fang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuanfeng Gao
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuan Fu
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongjiang Wang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jing Li
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xinchun Yang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Li Xu
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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5
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Zhang W, Dong E, Zhang J, Zhang Y. CaMKII, 'jack of all trades' in inflammation during cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 184:48-60. [PMID: 37813179 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction and revascularization cause cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury featuring cardiomyocyte death and inflammation. The Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) family are serine/ threonine protein kinases that are involved in I/R injury. CaMKII exists in four different isoforms, α, β, γ, and δ. In the heart, CaMKII-δ is the predominant isoform,with multiple splicing variants, such as δB, δC and δ9. During I/R, elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and reactive oxygen species activate CaMKII. In this review, we summarized the regulation and function of CaMKII in multiple cell types including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and macrophages during I/R. We conclude that CaMKII mediates inflammation in the microenvironment of the myocardium, resulting in cell dysfunction, elevated inflammation, and cell death. However, different CaMKII-δ variants exhibit distinct or even opposite functions. Therefore, reagents/approaches that selectively target specific CaMKII isoforms and variants are needed for evaluating and counteracting the exact role of CaMKII in I/R injury and developing effective treatments against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Erdan Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing 100191, China; Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing 100191, China; Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
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6
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Herrera NT, Zhang X, Ni H, Maleckar MM, Heijman J, Dobrev D, Grandi E, Morotti S. Dual effects of the small-conductance Ca 2+-activated K + current on human atrial electrophysiology and Ca 2+-driven arrhythmogenesis: an in silico study. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H896-H908. [PMID: 37624096 PMCID: PMC10659325 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00362.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
By sensing changes in intracellular Ca2+, small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels dynamically regulate the dynamics of the cardiac action potential (AP) on a beat-to-beat basis. Given their predominance in atria versus ventricles, SK channels are considered a promising atrial-selective pharmacological target against atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia. However, the precise contribution of SK current (ISK) to atrial arrhythmogenesis is poorly understood, and may potentially involve different mechanisms that depend on species, heart rates, and degree of AF-induced atrial remodeling. Both reduced and enhanced ISK have been linked to AF. Similarly, both SK channel up- and downregulation have been reported in chronic AF (cAF) versus normal sinus rhythm (nSR) patient samples. Here, we use our multiscale modeling framework to obtain mechanistic insights into the contribution of ISK in human atrial cardiomyocyte electrophysiology. We simulate several protocols to quantify how ISK modulation affects the regulation of AP duration (APD), Ca2+ transient, refractoriness, and occurrence of alternans and delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs). Our simulations show that ISK activation shortens the APD and atrial effective refractory period, limits Ca2+ cycling, and slightly increases the propensity for alternans in both nSR and cAF conditions. We also show that increasing ISK counteracts DAD development by enhancing the repolarization force that opposes the Ca2+-dependent depolarization. Taken together, our results suggest that increasing ISK in human atrial cardiomyocytes could promote reentry while protecting against triggered activity. Depending on the leading arrhythmogenic mechanism, ISK inhibition may thus be a beneficial or detrimental anti-AF strategy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using our established framework for human atrial myocyte simulations, we investigated the role of the small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ current (ISK) in the regulation of cell function and the development of Ca2+-driven arrhythmias. We found that ISK inhibition, a promising atrial-selective pharmacological strategy against atrial fibrillation, counteracts the reentry-promoting abbreviation of atrial refractoriness, but renders human atrial myocytes more vulnerable to delayed afterdepolarizations, thus potentially increasing the propensity for ectopic (triggered) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel T Herrera
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Haibo Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Mary M Maleckar
- Department of Computational Physiology, Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Faculty of Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Institute of Pharmacology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Stefano Morotti
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
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7
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Paraskevaidis I, Xanthopoulos A, Tsougos E, Triposkiadis F. Human Gut Microbiota in Heart Failure: Trying to Unmask an Emerging Organ. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2574. [PMID: 37761015 PMCID: PMC10526035 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a bidirectional relationship between the heart and the gut. The gut microbiota, the community of gut micro-organisms themselves, is an excellent gut-homeostasis keeper since it controls the growth of potentially harmful bacteria and protects the microbiota environment. There is evidence suggesting that a diet rich in fatty acids can be metabolized and converted by gut microbiota and hepatic enzymes to trimethyl-amine N-oxide (TMAO), a product that is associated with atherogenesis, platelet dysfunction, thrombotic events, coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure (HF), and, ultimately, death. HF, by inducing gut ischemia, congestion, and, consequently, gut barrier dysfunction, promotes the intestinal leaking of micro-organisms and their products, facilitating their entrance into circulation and thus stimulating a low-grade inflammation associated with an immune response. Drugs used for HF may alter the gut microbiota, and, conversely, gut microbiota may modify the pharmacokinetic properties of the drugs. The modification of lifestyle based mainly on exercise and a Mediterranean diet, along with the use of pre- or probiotics, may be beneficial for the gut microbiota environment. The potential role of gut microbiota in HF development and progression is the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Xanthopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.X.); (F.T.)
| | - Elias Tsougos
- 6th Department of Cardiology, Hygeia Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece
| | - Filippos Triposkiadis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.X.); (F.T.)
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8
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Reyes Gaido OE, Nkashama LJ, Schole KL, Wang Q, Umapathi P, Mesubi OO, Konstantinidis K, Luczak ED, Anderson ME. CaMKII as a Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:249-272. [PMID: 35973713 PMCID: PMC11019858 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051421-111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CaMKII (the multifunctional Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) is a highly validated signal for promoting a variety of common diseases, particularly in the cardiovascular system. Despite substantial amounts of convincing preclinical data, CaMKII inhibitors have yet to emerge in clinical practice. Therapeutic inhibition is challenged by the diversity of CaMKII isoforms and splice variants and by physiological CaMKII activity that contributes to learning and memory. Thus, uncoupling the harmful and beneficial aspects of CaMKII will be paramount to developing effective therapies. In the last decade, several targeting strategies have emerged, including small molecules, peptides, and nucleotides, which hold promise in discriminating pathological from physiological CaMKII activity. Here we review the cellular and molecular biology of CaMKII, discuss its role in physiological and pathological signaling, and consider new findings and approaches for developing CaMKII therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E Reyes Gaido
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | | | - Kate L Schole
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Priya Umapathi
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Olurotimi O Mesubi
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Klitos Konstantinidis
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Elizabeth D Luczak
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
- Departments of Physiology and Genetic Medicine and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Zhao J, Yu L, Xue X, Xu Y, Huang T, Xu D, Wang Z, Luo L, Wang H. Diminished α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) rescues amyloid-β induced atrial remodeling by oxi-CaMKII/MAPK/AP-1 axis-mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2023; 59:102594. [PMID: 36603528 PMCID: PMC9813735 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential coexistence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly common as aging-related diseases. However, little is known about mechanisms responsible for atrial remodeling in AD pathogenesis. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR) has been shown to have profound effects on mitochondrial oxidative stress in both organ diseases. Here, we investigate the role of α7nAChR in mediating the effects of amyloid-β (Aβ) in cultured mouse atrial cardiomyocytes (HL-1 cells) and AD model mice (APP/PS1). In vitro, apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Aβ long-term (72h) in HL-1 cells were prevented by α-Bungarotoxin(α-BTX), an antagonist of α7nAChR. This cardioprotective effect was due to reinstating Ca2+ mishandling by decreasing the activation of CaMKII and MAPK signaling pathway, especially the oxidation of CaMKII (oxi-CaMKII). In vivo studies demonstrated that targeting knockdown of α7nAChR in cardiomyocytes could ameliorate AF progression in late-stage (12 months) APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, α7nAChR deficiency in cardiomyocytes attenuated APP/PS1-mutant induced atrial remodeling characterized by reducing fibrosis, atrial dilation, conduction dysfunction, and inflammatory mediator activities via suppressing oxi-CaMKII/MAPK/AP-1. Taken together, our findings suggest that diminished α7nAChR could rescue Aβ-induced atrial remodeling through oxi-CaMKII/MAPK/AP-1-mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress in atrial cells and AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Liming Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yinli Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Dengyue Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, PR China,Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhishang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Linyu Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, PR China,Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Huishan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, PR China.
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10
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Yan M, Liu T, Zhong P, Xiong F, Cui B, Wu J, Wu G. Chronic catestatin treatment reduces atrial fibrillation susceptibility via improving calcium handling in post-infarction heart failure rats. Peptides 2023; 159:170904. [PMID: 36375660 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal Ca2+ handling is a pivotal element of atrial fibrillation (AF) substrates. Catestatin (CST) modulates intracellular Ca2+ handling in cardiomyocytes (CMs). We investigated the effects of CST administration on atrial Ca2+ handling and AF susceptibility in rats with post-infarction heart failure (HF). METHODS Myocardial infarction (MI) was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in rats. Two-week later, rats with post-infarction HF were randomly treated with saline (MI group) or CST (MI + CST group) for 4-week. Cellular Ca2+ imaging was performed by incubating atrial CMs with Fura-2 AM. An in vitro electrophysiological study was performed to assess the vulnerability to action potential duration (APD) alternans and AF. Ca2+ handling proteins expression was determined using western blotting. RESULTS In atrial CMs, compared with the sham group, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load, Ca2+ transient (CaT) amplitude, and threshold for Ca2+ alternans were significantly decreased, but the diastolic intracellular Ca2+ level, SR Ca2+ leakage, and spontaneous Ca2+ events were markedly increased in the MI group. However, CST attenuated these Ca2+-handling abnormalities induced by post-infarction HF. Moreover, vulnerability to atrial APD alternans and AF was significantly increased in isolated hearts from the MI group compared to the sham group, whereas all effects were prevented by CST. CST treatment also preserved SR Ca2+-ATPase protein expression but decreased the protein levels of phosphorylated-ryanodine receptor 2 and phosphorylated-Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in atria from post-infarction HF rats. CONCLUSION Chronic CST treatment reduces AF vulnerability in rats with MI-induced HF by improving Ca2+ handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Peng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Feng Xiong
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 1C8, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal H3G 1Y6, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bo Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jinchun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China.
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11
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Zhang Z, Wang W, Zhang Y, You X, Wu J. A potential link between aberrant expression of ECRG4 and atrial fibrillation. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1031128. [PMID: 36910669 PMCID: PMC9992723 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1031128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer-related gene-4 (ECRG4), a 148-amino acid propertied and new tumor suppressor, is initially cloned from the normal esophageal epithelium. ECRG4 was found to be expressed not only in esophageal tissues but also in cardiomyocytes. Previous studies demonstrated that ECRG4 is constitutively expressed in esophageal epithelial cells, and its degree of downregulation is directly proportional to prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. In the heart, ECRG4 shows greater expression in the atria than in the ventricles, which accounts for its heterogeneity. Downregulation of ECRG4 expression level correlates with esophageal cancer, as well as myocardial injuries and arrhythmias. As a result, this review summarizes the possible susceptibility gene, ECRG4 and its associated molecular mechanisms in cancer patients with atrial fibrillation and myocardial injury. The review begins by describing ECRG4's biological background, discusses its expression in the cardiovascular system, lists the clinical and animal research related to the downregulation of ECRG4 in atrial fibrillation, and focuses on its potential role in atrial fibrillation. Downregulation of ECRG4 may increase the risk of atrial fibrillation by affecting ion channels, MMPs expression and inflammatory response. We will then discuss how ECRG4 can be used in the treatment of tumors and arrhythmias, and provide a novel possible strategy to reduce the occurrence of perioperative cardiovascular adverse events in patients with tumors such as esophageal cancer and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingji You
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Guillot B, Boileve A, Walton R, Harfoush A, Conte C, Sainte-Marie Y, Charron S, Bernus O, Recalde A, Sallé L, Brette F, Lezoualc'h F. Inhibition of EPAC1 signaling pathway alters atrial electrophysiology and prevents atrial fibrillation. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1120336. [PMID: 36909224 PMCID: PMC9992743 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1120336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The Exchange Protein directly Activated by cAMP (EPAC), has been implicated in pro-arrhythmic signaling pathways in the atria, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Methods: In this study, we investigated the involvement of EPAC1 and EPAC2 isoforms in the genesis of AF in wild type (WT) mice and knockout (KO) mice for EPAC1 or EPAC2. We also employed EPAC pharmacological modulators to selectively activate EPAC proteins (8-CPT-AM; 10 μM), or inhibit either EPAC1 (AM-001; 20 μM) or EPAC2 (ESI-05; 25 μM). Transesophageal stimulation was used to characterize the induction of AF in vivo in mice. Optical mapping experiments were performed on isolated mouse atria and cellular electrophysiology was examined by whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Results: In wild type mice, we found 8-CPT-AM slightly increased AF susceptibility and that this was blocked by the EPAC1 inhibitor AM-001 but not the EPAC2 inhibitor ESI-05. Consistent with this, in EPAC1 KO mice, occurrence of AF was observed in 3/12 (vs. 4/10 WT littermates) and 4/10 in EPAC2 KO (vs. 5/10 WT littermates). In wild type animals, optical mapping experiments revealed that 8-CPT-AM perfusion increased action potential duration even in the presence of AM-001 or ESI-05. Interestingly, 8-CPT-AM perfusion decreased conduction velocity, an effect blunted by AM-001 but not ESI-05. Patch-clamp experiments demonstrated action potential prolongation after 8-CPT-AM perfusion in both wild type and EPAC1 KO mice and this effect was partially prevented by AM-001 in WT. Conclusion: Together, these results indicate that EPAC1 and EPAC2 signaling pathways differentially alter atrial electrophysiology but only the EPAC1 isoform is involved in the genesis of AF. Selective blockade of EPAC1 with AM-001 prevents AF in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Guillot
- IHU LIRYC -CRCTB U1045, Pessac, France.,INSERM U1045 -Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Arthur Boileve
- UR 4650 PSIR, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Richard Walton
- IHU LIRYC -CRCTB U1045, Pessac, France.,INSERM U1045 -Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Harfoush
- UR 4650 PSIR, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Caroline Conte
- Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, INSERM UMR-1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannis Sainte-Marie
- Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, INSERM UMR-1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Sabine Charron
- IHU LIRYC -CRCTB U1045, Pessac, France.,INSERM U1045 -Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Bernus
- IHU LIRYC -CRCTB U1045, Pessac, France.,INSERM U1045 -Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice Recalde
- IHU LIRYC -CRCTB U1045, Pessac, France.,INSERM U1045 -Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Sallé
- UR 4650 PSIR, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Fabien Brette
- IHU LIRYC -CRCTB U1045, Pessac, France.,INSERM U1045 -Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS 9412, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, INSERM UMR-1297, Toulouse, France
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13
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Ran Q, Zhang C, Wan W, Ye T, Zou Y, Liu Z, Yu Y, Zhang J, Shen B, Yang B. Pinocembrin ameliorates atrial fibrillation susceptibility in rats with anxiety disorder induced by empty bottle stimulation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1004888. [PMID: 36339600 PMCID: PMC9631028 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1004888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorder (AD) is the most common mental disorder, which is closely related to atrial fibrillation (AF) and is considered to be a trigger of AF. Pinocembrin has been demonstrated to perform a variety of neurological and cardiac protective effects through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The current research aims to explore the antiarrhythmic effect of pinocembrin in anxiety disorder rats and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into four groups: CTL group: control rats + saline; CTP group: control rats + pinocembrin; Anxiety disorder group: anxiety disorder rats + saline; ADP group: anxiety disorder rats + pinocembrin. Empty bottle stimulation was conducted to induce anxiety disorder in rats for 3 weeks, and pinocembrin was injected through the tail vein for the last 2 weeks. Behavioral measurements, in vitro electrophysiological studies, biochemical assays, ELISA, Western blot and histological studies were performed to assess the efficacy of pinocembrin. In addition, HL-1 atrial cells were cultured in vitro to further verify the potential mechanism of pinocembrin. Results: After 3 weeks of empty bottle stimulation, pinocembrin significantly improved the exploration behaviors in anxiety disorder rats. Pinocembrin alleviated electrophysiological remodeling in anxiety disorder rats, including shortening the action potential duration (APD), prolonging the effective refractory period (ERP), increasing the expression of Kv1.5, Kv4.2 and Kv4.3, decreasing the expression of Cav1.2, and ultimately reducing the AF susceptibility. These effects may be attributed to the amelioration of autonomic remodeling and structural remodeling by pinocembrin, as well as the inhibition of oxidative stress with upregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. Conclusion: Pinocembrin can reduce AF susceptibility in anxiety disorder rats induced by empty bottle stimulation, with the inhibition of autonomic remodeling, structural remodeling, and oxidative stress. Therefore, pinocembrin is a promising treatment for AF in patients with anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ran
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianxin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangchi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Bo Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Shen, ; Bo Yang,
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Shen, ; Bo Yang,
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14
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Shi W, Qin M, Wu S, Xu K, Zheng Q, Liu X. Usefulness of Triglyceride-glucose index for detecting prevalent atrial fibrillation in a type 2 diabetic population. Postgrad Med 2022; 134:820-828. [DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2022.2124088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qidong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuan Second People’s Hospital, 18 Changle Road, Yuhuan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, China
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15
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Fang C, Zuo K, Jiao K, Zhu X, Fu Y, Zhong J, Xu L, Yang X. PAGln, an Atrial Fibrillation-Linked Gut Microbial Metabolite, Acts as a Promoter of Atrial Myocyte Injury. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081120. [PMID: 36009014 PMCID: PMC9405855 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), a gut microbiota (GM)-derived metabolite, is associated with cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that disordered GM participated in the progression of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the relationship between PAGln and AF is unclear. This study investigated the characteristics of PAGln in AF patients and its impact on atrial myocytes. Based on our previous metagenomic data, the relative abundance of porA, a critical bacterial enzyme for PAGln synthesis, exhibited an increased tendency in AF. In an independent cohort consisting of 42 controls without AF and 92 AF patients, plasma PAGln levels were higher in AF patients than in controls (p < 0.001) by immunoassay. Notably, PAGln exerted a predictive potential of AF with an AUC of 0.774 (p < 0.001), and a predictive model constructed based on the PAGln and Taiwan AF score further improved the predictive potential. Furthermore, a positive correlation was determined between PAGln and LA diameter. Subsequently, the effect of PAGln intervention was examined on HL-1 cells in vitro, revealing that PAGln increased apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, CaMKII and RyR2 activation and decreased cell viability. In conclusion, increased PAGln was associated with AF, and PAGln might contribute to the AF pathogenesis by promoting oxidative stress and apoptosis in atrial myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Xu
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (X.Y.); Tel.: +86-10-85231937 (X.Y.)
| | - Xinchun Yang
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (X.Y.); Tel.: +86-10-85231937 (X.Y.)
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16
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CaMKII inhibition protects against hyperthyroid arrhythmias and adverse myocardial remodeling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 615:136-142. [PMID: 35617800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism can potentiate arrhythmias and cardiac hypertrophy, whereas Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) promotes maladaptive myocardial remodeling. However, it remains unclear whether CaMKII contributes to the progression of hyperthyroid heart disease (HHD). This study demonstrated that CaMKII inhibition can relieve adverse myocardial remodeling and reduce sinus tachycardia, isoproterenol-induced atrial fibrillation, and ventricular arrhythmias in hyperthyroid mice with preserved heart function. Hyperthyroid cardiac hypertrophy was promoted by CaMKII upregulation-induced HDAC4/MEF2a activation. Briefly, CaMKII inhibition benefits HHD management greatly in mice by preventing arrhythmias and maladaptive remodeling.
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17
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Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan on the Expression of CaMKII/Cav1.2 in Atrial Fibrillation Stimulation Rabbit Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5832543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is linked to high morbidity and death rates throughout the world due to limited therapeutic options and thus presents a major challenge to the developed and developing countries. In this study, we aim to investigate the influence of sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) treatment on the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/Cav1.2 expression in AF models. Methods. Overall, 18 rabbits were randomly divided into control, pacing (600 beats/min), and pacing+sac/val groups. The rabbits in the pacing+sac/val cohort received oral sac/val (10 mg/kg twice daily) across the 21-day investigation period. After three weeks, the atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and AF induction rate were compared. HL-1 cultures were exposed to fast pacing (24 h) with and without LBQ657 (active sacubitril form)/valsartan. Western blots were used for detecting Cav1.2 and CaMKII expression within atrial muscles of the rabbits and HL-1 cultures of AF model. Results. In comparison to the sham cohort, the AF induction rate was markedly increased together with AERP reduction within pacing cohort. Such changes were markedly rescued through sac/val treatment in pacing+sac/val cohort. The proteomic expression profiles of CaMKII and Cav1.2 showed that the CaMKII expression was markedly upregulated, while Cav1.2 expression was downregulated in the pacing cohort. Importantly, these effects were absent in pacing+sac/val cohort. Conclusion. Results of this study show that sac/val treatment regulates the expression of CaMKII/Cav1.2 and could alter this pathway in atrial rapid electrical stimulation models. Therefore, this investigation could contribute to a novel strategy in AF therapeutics in clinical settings.
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18
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Perturbation of biological processes with small molecule kinase inhibitors. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 70:102185. [PMID: 35853282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The reversible phosphorylation of substrates mediated by kinases and phosphatases affects their subcellular localization, catalytic activity, and/or interaction with other molecules. It is essential for signal transduction and the regulation of nearly all cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, motility, and differentiation. Small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) have served as critical chemical probes to reveal the biological functions and mechanisms of kinases and their potential as therapeutic targets. In this review, we focused on a few novel SMKIs and their recent application in biological and preclinical studies to showcase how highly selective and potent SMKIs can be developed and utilized to propel the investigations on kinases and the biology behind.
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Ran Q, Chen X, Zhang C, Wan W, Ye T, Sun Y, Zhao X, Shi S, Yang B, Zhao Q. Pinocembrin Decreases Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in a Rodent Model of Depression. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:766477. [PMID: 35669473 PMCID: PMC9163494 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.766477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is often comorbid with cardiovascular diseases and contributes to the development and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). Ample research demonstrated that pinocembrin had protective effects on the neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular systems via its pharmacological properties. However, whether pinocembrin protects from AF in depression models is not known. The present research investigated antiarrhythmic effects of pinocembrin and the underlying mechanisms in depressed rats. Methods One hundred and ten male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: the CTL group (the normal rats administered saline), the CTP group (the normal rats administered pinocembrin), the MDD group (the depressed rats administered saline), the MDP group (the depressed rats administered pinocembrin), the MDA group (the depressed rats administered apocynin), and the MPA group (the depressed rats administered both pinocembrin and apocynin). Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was performed for 28 days to establish the depression model. Pinocembrin was administered via gavage from Day 8 to Day 28, and apocynin was administered via intraperitoneal injection from Day 1 to Day 28. The effects were evaluated using behavioral measurements, in vitro electrophysiological studies, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, biochemical detection, Western blot, and histological studies. Results Pinocembrin treatment significantly attenuated the abnormality of heart rate variability (HRV), the prolongation of action potential duration (APD), the shortening of the effective refractory period (ERP), the reduction of transient outward potassium current (Ito), and the increase in L-type calcium current (ICa–L), which increase susceptibility to AF in a rat model of depression. Compared to the depressed rats, pinocembrin also increased the content of Kv4.2, Kv4.3, and atrial gap junction channel Cx40 and decreased the expression level of Cav1.2, which ameliorated oxidative stress and inhibited the ROS/p-p38MAPK pro-apoptotic pathway and the ROS/TGF-β1 pro-fibrotic pathway. Conclusion Pinocembrin is a therapeutic strategy with great promise for the treatment of AF in depressed patients by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ran
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianxin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yazhou Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Yang,
| | - Qingyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- Qingyan Zhao,
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20
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Zhang J, Liang R, Wang K, Zhang W, Zhang M, Jin L, Xie P, Zheng W, Shang H, Hu Q, Li J, Chen G, Wu F, Lan F, Wang L, Wang SQ, Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Lv F, Hu X, Xiao RP, Lei X, Zhang Y. Novel CaMKII-δ Inhibitor Hesperadin Exerts Dual Functions to Ameliorate Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Inhibit Tumor Growth. Circulation 2022; 145:1154-1168. [PMID: 35317609 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has emerged as an important therapeutic target for ischemic heart disease, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. At present, there is no effective therapy for reducing cardiac I/R injury. CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of severe heart conditions, including I/R injury. Pharmacological inhibition of CaMKII is an important strategy in the protection against myocardial damage and cardiac diseases. To date, there is no drug targeting CaMKII for the clinical therapy of heart disease. Furthermore, at present, there is no selective inhibitor of CaMKII-δ, the major CaMKII isoform in the heart. METHODS A small-molecule kinase inhibitor library and a high-throughput screening system for the kinase activity assay of CaMKII-δ9 (the most abundant CaMKII-δ splice variant in human heart) were used to screen for CaMKII-δ inhibitors. Using cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and in vivo mouse models, in conjunction with myocardial injury induced by I/R (or hypoxia/reoxygenation) and CaMKII-δ9 overexpression, we sought to investigate the protection of hesperadin against cardiomyocyte death and cardiac diseases. BALB/c nude mice with xenografted tumors of human cancer cells were used to evaluate the in vivo antitumor effect of hesperadin. RESULTS Based on the small-molecule kinase inhibitor library and screening system, we found that hesperadin, an Aurora B kinase inhibitor with antitumor activity in vitro, directly bound to CaMKII-δ and specifically blocked its activation in an ATP-competitive manner. Hesperadin functionally ameliorated both I/R- and overexpressed CaMKII-δ9-induced cardiomyocyte death, myocardial damage, and heart failure in both rodents and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. In addition, in an in vivo BALB/c nude mouse model with xenografted tumors of human cancer cells, hesperadin delayed tumor growth without inducing cardiomyocyte death or cardiac injury. CONCLUSIONS Here, we identified hesperadin as a specific small-molecule inhibitor of CaMKII-δ with dual functions of cardioprotective and antitumor effects. These findings not only suggest that hesperadin is a promising leading compound for clinical therapy of cardiac I/R injury and heart failure, but also provide a strategy for the joint therapy of cancer and cardiovascular disease caused by anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqi Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering (R.L., X.L.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (K.W.)
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education (W. Zhang, Yan Zhang), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haibao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingmei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gengjia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fujian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (F.W., F.L.)
| | - Feng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (F.W., F.L.)
| | - Lipeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences (L.W., S.-Q.W.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences (L.W., S.-Q.W.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L., Yong Zhang), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at PKU. Beijing, China (Y.L., Yong Zhang)
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education (W. Zhang, Yan Zhang), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L., Yong Zhang), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at PKU. Beijing, China (Y.L., Yong Zhang)
| | - Jinghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxiang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (R.-P.X., X.L.), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.-P.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-Nanjing Joint Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China (R.-P.X.)
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering (R.L., X.L.), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (R.-P.X., X.L.), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies (X.L.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology (J.Z., M.Z., L.J., P.X., W. Zheng, H.S., Q.H., J. Li, G.C., J. Liu, F.L., X.H., R.-P.X., Yan Zhang), Peking University, Beijing, China
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Small extracellular vesicles derived from patients with persistent atrial fibrillation exacerbate arrhythmogenesis via miR-30a-5p. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:621-637. [PMID: 35411927 DOI: 10.1042/cs20211141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanometer-sized membranous vesicles that contribute to the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Here, we investigated the role of sEVs derived from patients with persistent AF in the pathophysiology of AF. First, we evaluated the pathological effects of sEVs derived from the peripheral blood of patients with persistent AF (AF-sEVs). AF-sEVs treatment reduced cell viability, caused abnormal Ca2+ handling, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and led to increased CaMKII activation of non-paced and paced atrial cardiomyocytes. Next, we analyzed the miRNA profile of AF-sEVs to investigate which components of AF-sEVs promote arrhythmias, and we selected six miRNAs that correlated with CaMKII activation. qRT-PCR experiment identified that miR-30a-5p was significantly downregulated in AF-sEVs, paced cardiomyocytes, and atrial tissues of patients with persistent AF. CaMKII was predicted by bioinformatics analysis as a miR-30a-5p target gene and validated by a dual luciferase reporter; hence, we evaluated the effects of miR-30a-5p on paced cardiomyocytes and validated miR-30a-5p as a pro-arrhythmic signature of AF-sEVs. Consequently, AF-sEVs-loaded with miR-30a-5p attenuated pacing-induced Ca2+-handling abnormalities, whereas AF-sEVs-loaded with anti-miR-30a-5p reversed the change in paced cardiomyocytes. Taken together, the regulation of CaMKII by miR-30a-5p revealed that miR-30a-5p is a major mediator for AF-sEVs-mediated AF pathogenesis. Accordingly, these findings suggest that sEVs derived from patients with persistent AF exacerbate arrhythmogenesis via miR-30a-5p.
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22
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Mesubi OO, Anderson ME. Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation-Chicken or Egg? Circ Res 2022; 130:1011-1013. [PMID: 35357896 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olurotimi O Mesubi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (O.O.M., M.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (O.O.M., M.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Medicine (M.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Physiology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (M.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Genetic Medicine (M.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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23
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Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication from cccDNA via AMPK Activation and AKT/mTOR Suppression. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030498. [PMID: 35336076 PMCID: PMC8950817 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), which is involved in the calcium signaling pathway, is an important regulator of cancer cell proliferation, motility, growth, and metastasis. The effects of CaMKII on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication have never been evaluated. Here, we found that phosphorylated, active CaMKII is reduced during HBV replication. Similar to other members of the AMPK/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway associated with HBV replication, CaMKII, which is associated with this pathway, was found to be a novel regulator of HBV replication. Overexpression of CaMKII reduced the expression of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), HBV RNAs, and replicative intermediate (RI) DNAs while activating AMPK and inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Findings in HBx-deficient mutant-transfected HepG2 cells showed that the CaMKII-mediated AMPK/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was independent of HBx. Moreover, AMPK overexpression reduced HBV cccDNA, RNAs, and RI DNAs through CaMKII activation. Although AMPK acts downstream of CaMKII, AMPK overexpression altered CaMKII phosphorylation, suggesting that CaMKII and AMPK form a positive feedback loop. These results demonstrate that HBV replication suppresses CaMKII activity, and that CaMKII upregulation suppresses HBV replication from cccDNA via AMPK and the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, activation or overexpression of CaMKII may be a new therapeutic target against HBV infection.
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Yao Y, Li F, Zhang M, Jin L, Xie P, Liu D, Zhang J, Hu X, Lv F, Shang H, Zheng W, Sun X, Duanmu J, Wu F, Lan F, Xiao RP, Zhang Y. Targeting CaMKII-δ9 Ameliorates Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Myocardial Inflammation. Circ Res 2022; 130:887-903. [PMID: 35152717 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II) plays a central role in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury-an important therapeutic target for ischemic heart disease. In the heart, CaMKII-δ is the predominant isoform and further alternatively spliced into 11 variants. In humans, CaMKII-δ9 and CaMKII-δ3, the major cardiac splice variants, inversely regulate cardiomyocyte viability with the former pro-death and the latter pro-survival. However, it is unknown whether specific inhibition of the detrimental CaMKII-δ9 prevents cardiac I/R injury and, if so, what is the underlying mechanism. Here, we aim to investigate the cardioprotective effect of specific CaMKII-δ9 inhibition against myocardial I/R damage and determine the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The role and mechanism of CaMKII-δ9 in cardiac I/R injury were investigated in mice in vivo, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. RESULTS We demonstrate that CaMKII-δ9 inhibition with knockdown or knockout of its feature exon, exon 16, protects the heart against I/R-elicited injury and subsequent heart failure. I/R-induced cardiac inflammation was also ameliorated by CaMKII-δ9 inhibition, and compared with the previously well-studied CaMKII-δ2, CaMKII-δ9 overexpression caused more profound cardiac inflammation. Mechanistically, in addition to IKKβ (inhibitor of NF-κB [nuclear factor-κB] kinase subunit β), CaMKII-δ9, but not δ2, directly interacted with IκBα (NF-κB inhibitor α) with its feature exon 13-16-17 combination and increased IκBα phosphorylation and consequently elicited more pronounced activation of NF-κB signaling and inflammatory response. Furthermore, the essential role of CaMKII-δ9 in myocardial inflammation and damage was confirmed in human cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS We not only identified CaMKII-δ9-IKK/IκB-NF-κB signaling as a new regulator of human cardiomyocyte inflammation but also demonstrated that specifically targeting CaMKII-δ9, the most abundant CaMKII-δ splice variant in human heart, markedly suppresses I/R-induced cardiac NF-κB activation, inflammation, and injury and subsequently ameliorates myocardial remodeling and heart failure, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for various ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.Y., F. Li, M.Z., L.J., P.X., D.L., J.Z., X.H., F. Lv, H.S., W.Z., X.S., R.-P.X., Y.Z.)
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.Y., F. Li, M.Z., L.J., P.X., D.L., J.Z., X.H., F. Lv, H.S., W.Z., X.S., R.-P.X., Y.Z.)
| | - Mao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.Y., F. Li, M.Z., L.J., P.X., D.L., J.Z., X.H., F. Lv, H.S., W.Z., X.S., R.-P.X., Y.Z.)
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.Y., F. Li, M.Z., L.J., P.X., D.L., J.Z., X.H., F. Lv, H.S., W.Z., X.S., R.-P.X., Y.Z.)
| | - Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.Y., F. Li, M.Z., L.J., P.X., D.L., J.Z., X.H., F. Lv, H.S., W.Z., X.S., R.-P.X., Y.Z.)
| | - Dairu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.Y., F. Li, M.Z., L.J., P.X., D.L., J.Z., X.H., F. Lv, H.S., W.Z., X.S., R.-P.X., Y.Z.)
| | - Junxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.Y., F. Li, M.Z., L.J., P.X., D.L., J.Z., X.H., F. Lv, H.S., W.Z., X.S., R.-P.X., Y.Z.)
| | - Xinli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.Y., F. Li, M.Z., L.J., P.X., D.L., J.Z., X.H., F. Lv, H.S., W.Z., X.S., R.-P.X., Y.Z.)
| | - Fengxiang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.Y., F. Li, M.Z., L.J., P.X., D.L., J.Z., X.H., F. Lv, H.S., W.Z., X.S., R.-P.X., Y.Z.)
| | - Haibao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.Y., F. Li, M.Z., L.J., P.X., D.L., J.Z., X.H., F. Lv, H.S., W.Z., X.S., R.-P.X., Y.Z.)
| | - Wen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.Y., F. Li, M.Z., L.J., P.X., D.L., J.Z., X.H., F. Lv, H.S., W.Z., X.S., R.-P.X., Y.Z.)
| | - Xueting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.Y., F. Li, M.Z., L.J., P.X., D.L., J.Z., X.H., F. Lv, H.S., W.Z., X.S., R.-P.X., Y.Z.)
| | - Jiaxin Duanmu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (J.D., Y.Z.)
| | - Fujian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (F.W., F. Lan)
| | - Feng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (F.W., F. Lan)
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.Y., F. Li, M.Z., L.J., P.X., D.L., J.Z., X.H., F. Lv, H.S., W.Z., X.S., R.-P.X., Y.Z.).,Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China. (R.-P.X.).,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China (R.-P.X.).,PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, China (R.-P.X.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.Y., F. Li, M.Z., L.J., P.X., D.L., J.Z., X.H., F. Lv, H.S., W.Z., X.S., R.-P.X., Y.Z.).,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (J.D., Y.Z.)
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Terrar DA. Endolysosomal Calcium Release and Cardiac Physiology. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Zhang M, Zhang J, Zhang W, Hu Q, Jin L, Xie P, Zheng W, Shang H, Zhang Y. CaMKII-δ9 Induces Cardiomyocyte Death to Promote Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:820416. [PMID: 35127874 PMCID: PMC8811042 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.820416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a syndrome in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, resulting from impaired ventricular filling or ejection of blood. Heart failure is still a global public health problem and remains a substantial unmet medical need. Therefore, it is crucial to identify new therapeutic targets for heart failure. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that modulates various cardiac diseases. CaMKII-δ9 is the most abundant CaMKII-δ splice variant in the human heart and acts as a central mediator of DNA damage and cell death in cardiomyocytes. Here, we proved that CaMKII-δ9 mediated cardiomyocyte death promotes cardiomyopathy and heart failure. However, CaMKII-δ9 did not directly regulate cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, we also showed that CaMKII-δ9 induced cell death in adult cardiomyocytes through impairing the UBE2T/DNA repair signaling. Finally, we demonstrated no gender difference in the expression of CaMKII-δ9 in the hearts, together with its related cardiac pathology. These findings deepen our understanding of the role of CaMKII-δ9 in cardiac pathology and provide new insights into the mechanisms and therapy of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Junxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qingmei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haibao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhang
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Identifying Atrial Fibrillation Mechanisms for Personalized Medicine. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235679. [PMID: 34884381 PMCID: PMC8658178 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major cause of heart failure and stroke. The early maintenance of sinus rhythm has been shown to reduce major cardiovascular endpoints, yet is difficult to achieve. For instance, it is unclear how discoveries at the genetic and cellular level can be used to tailor pharmacotherapy. For non-pharmacologic therapy, pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains the cornerstone of rhythm control, yet has suboptimal success. Improving these therapies will likely require a multifaceted approach that personalizes therapy based on mechanisms measured in individuals across biological scales. We review AF mechanisms from cell-to-organ-to-patient from this perspective of personalized medicine, linking them to potential clinical indices and biomarkers, and discuss how these data could influence therapy. We conclude by describing approaches to improve ablation, including the emergence of several mapping systems that are in use today.
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Ni Y, Deng J, Bai H, Liu C, Liu X, Wang X. CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 impaired angiogenesis and aggravated cardiac remodelling and heart failure via inhibiting NOX2/mtROS/p-VEGFR2 and STAT3 pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:312-325. [PMID: 34845819 PMCID: PMC8743652 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent cardiac Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent Kinase II (CaMKII) activation was considered to promote heart failure (HF) development, some studies believed that CaMKII was a target for therapy of HF. However, CaMKII was an important mediator for the ischaemia‐induced coronary angiogenesis, and new evidence confirmed that angiogenesis inhibited cardiac remodelling and improved heart function, and some conditions which impaired angiogenesis aggravated ventricular remodelling. This study aimed to investigate the roles and the underlying mechanisms of CaMKII inhibitor in cardiac remodelling. First, we induced cardiac remodelling rat model by ISO, pre‐treated by CaMKII inhibitor KN‐93, evaluated heart function by echocardiography measurements, and performed HE staining, Masson staining, Tunel staining, Western blot and RT‐PCR to test cardiac remodelling and myocardial microvessel density; we also observed ultrastructure of cardiac tissue with transmission electron microscope. Second, we cultured HUVECs, pre‐treated by ISO and KN‐93, detected cell proliferation, migration, tubule formation and apoptosis, and carried out Western blot to determine the expression of NOX2, NOX4, VEGF, VEGFR2, p‐VEGFR2 and STAT3; mtROS level was also measured. In vivo, we found KN‐93 severely reduced myocardial microvessel density, caused apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, enhanced cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial apoptosis, collagen deposition, aggravated the deterioration of myocardial ultrastructure and heart function. In vitro, KN‐93 inhibited HUVECs proliferation, migration and tubule formation, and promoted apoptosis of HUVECs. The expression of NOX2, NOX4, p‐VEGFR2 and STAT3 were down‐regulated by KN‐93; mtROS level was severely reduced by KN‐93. We concluded that KN‐93 impaired angiogenesis and aggravated cardiac remodelling and heart failure via inhibiting NOX2/mtROS/p‐VEGFR2 and STAT3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Ni
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyuan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Pabel S, Mustroph J, Stehle T, Lebek S, Dybkova N, Keyser A, Rupprecht L, Wagner S, Neef S, Maier LS, Sossalla S. Dantrolene reduces CaMKIIδC-mediated atrial arrhythmias. Europace 2021; 22:1111-1118. [PMID: 32413138 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In atrial fibrillation (AF), an increased diastolic Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) mediated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent-protein-kinaseIIδC (CaMKII) can serve as a substrate for arrhythmia induction and persistence. Dantrolene has been shown to stabilize the cardiac ryanodine-receptor. This study investigated the effects of dantrolene on arrhythmogenesis in human and mouse atria with enhanced CaMKII activity. METHODS AND RESULTS Human atrial cardiomyocytes (CMs) were isolated from patients with AF. To investigate CaMKII-mediated arrhythmogenesis, atrial CMs from mice overexpressing CaMKIIδC (TG) and the respective wildtype (WT) were studied using confocal microscopy (Fluo-4), patch-clamp technique, and in vivo atrial catheter-based burst stimulations. Dantrolene potently reduced Ca2+ spark frequency (CaSpF) and diastolic SR Ca2+ leak in AF CMs. Additional CaMKII inhibition did not further reduce CaSpF or leak compared to dantrolene alone. While the increased SR CaSpF and leak in TG mice were reduced by dantrolene, no effects could be detected in WT. Dantrolene also potently reduced the pathologically enhanced frequency of diastolic SR Ca2+ waves in TG without having effects in WT. As an increased diastolic SR Ca2+ release can induce a depolarizing transient inward current, we could demonstrate that the incidence of afterdepolarizations in TG, but not in WT, mice was significantly diminished in the presence of dantrolene. To translate these findings into an in vivo situation we could show that dantrolene strongly suppressed the inducibility of AF in vivo in TG mice. CONCLUSION Dantrolene reduces CaMKII-mediated atrial arrhythmogenesis and may therefore constitute an interesting antiarrhythmic drug for treating patients with atrial arrhythmias driven by an enhanced CaMKII activity, such as AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Pabel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Mustroph
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thea Stehle
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Lebek
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nataliya Dybkova
- Clinic for Cardiology & Pneumology, Georg-August University Göttingen, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Keyser
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Leopold Rupprecht
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Neef
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.,Clinic for Cardiology & Pneumology, Georg-August University Göttingen, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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30
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Thorolfsdottir RB, Sveinbjornsson G, Aegisdottir HM, Benonisdottir S, Stefansdottir L, Ivarsdottir EV, Halldorsson GH, Sigurdsson JK, Torp-Pedersen C, Weeke PE, Brunak S, Westergaard D, Pedersen OB, Sorensen E, Nielsen KR, Burgdorf KS, Banasik K, Brumpton B, Zhou W, Oddsson A, Tragante V, Hjorleifsson KE, Davidsson OB, Rajamani S, Jonsson S, Torfason B, Valgardsson AS, Thorgeirsson G, Frigge ML, Thorleifsson G, Norddahl GL, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Sulem P, Jonsdottir I, Willer CJ, Hveem K, Bundgaard H, Ullum H, Arnar DO, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Stefansson K. Genetic insight into sick sinus syndrome. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1959-1971. [PMID: 36282123 PMCID: PMC8140484 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to use human genetics to investigate the pathogenesis of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and the role of risk factors in its development. Methods and results We performed a genome-wide association study of 6469 SSS cases and 1 000 187 controls from deCODE genetics, the Copenhagen Hospital Biobank, UK Biobank, and the HUNT study. Variants at six loci associated with SSS, a reported missense variant in MYH6, known atrial fibrillation (AF)/electrocardiogram variants at PITX2, ZFHX3, TTN/CCDC141, and SCN10A and a low-frequency (MAF = 1.1–1.8%) missense variant, p.Gly62Cys in KRT8 encoding the intermediate filament protein keratin 8. A full genotypic model best described the p.Gly62Cys association (P = 1.6 × 10−20), with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.44 for heterozygotes and a disproportionally large OR of 13.99 for homozygotes. All the SSS variants increased the risk of pacemaker implantation. Their association with AF varied and p.Gly62Cys was the only variant not associating with any other arrhythmia or cardiovascular disease. We tested 17 exposure phenotypes in polygenic score (PGS) and Mendelian randomization analyses. Only two associated with the risk of SSS in Mendelian randomization, AF, and lower heart rate, suggesting causality. Powerful PGS analyses provided convincing evidence against causal associations for body mass index, cholesterol, triglycerides, and type 2 diabetes (P > 0.05). Conclusion We report the associations of variants at six loci with SSS, including a missense variant in KRT8 that confers high risk in homozygotes and points to a mechanism specific to SSS development. Mendelian randomization supports a causal role for AF in the development of SSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jon K Sigurdsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Research and Cardiology, Nordsjaelland Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, Hillerød 3400, Denmark
| | - Peter E Weeke
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - David Westergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Naestved Hospital, Ringstedgade 77B, Naestved 4700, Denmark
| | - Erik Sorensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kaspar R Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital North, Urbansgade 36, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer S Burgdorf
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Ben Brumpton
- Department of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2218, USA
| | - Asmundur Oddsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | - Kristjan E Hjorleifsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 305-16, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | | | - Stefan Jonsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Bjarni Torfason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Atli S Valgardsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Department of Medicine, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Michael L Frigge
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | | | - Anna Helgadottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2218, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine: Cardiology, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 -5368, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 4909 Buhl Building, 1241 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 -5618, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skjalgssons gt. 1, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Forskningsveien 2, Levanger 7600, Norway
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Department of Medicine, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 4, Reykjavik 107, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
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Mishra S, Kass DA. Cellular and molecular pathobiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:400-423. [PMID: 33432192 PMCID: PMC8574228 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-00480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affects half of all patients with heart failure worldwide, is increasing in prevalence, confers substantial morbidity and mortality, and has very few effective treatments. HFpEF is arguably the greatest unmet medical need in cardiovascular disease. Although HFpEF was initially considered to be a haemodynamic disorder characterized by hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, the pandemics of obesity and diabetes mellitus have modified the HFpEF syndrome, which is now recognized to be a multisystem disorder involving the heart, lungs, kidneys, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, vascular system, and immune and inflammatory signalling. This multiorgan involvement makes HFpEF difficult to model in experimental animals because the condition is not simply cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension with abnormal myocardial relaxation. However, new animal models involving both haemodynamic and metabolic disease, and increasing efforts to examine human pathophysiology, are revealing new signalling pathways and potential therapeutic targets. In this Review, we discuss the cellular and molecular pathobiology of HFpEF, with the major focus being on mechanisms relevant to the heart, because most research has focused on this organ. We also highlight the involvement of other important organ systems, including the lungs, kidneys and skeletal muscle, efforts to characterize patients with the use of systemic biomarkers, and ongoing therapeutic efforts. Our objective is to provide a roadmap of the signalling pathways and mechanisms of HFpEF that are being characterized and which might lead to more patient-specific therapies and improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A. Kass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,
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32
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Svinarich JT. The functional medicine approach to atrial fibrillation: can a cure for atrial fibrillation be found in the gut? Curr Opin Cardiol 2021; 36:44-50. [PMID: 33264173 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The importance of addressing the proximal causes of atrial fibrillation is recognized, yet frustration with the currently applied preventive measures is high. This review describes the functional medicine model (FMM), which identifies the proximal causes of atrial fibrillation at the level of gene-environment interaction. RECENT FINDINGS The pathological processes leading to atrial fibrillation sustaining disorder have been elucidated in translational studies and are described as 'nodal points.' Examples are inflammation, oxidative stress, autoimmune mechanisms, and visceral adiposity. These same nodal points also cause disorder that results in atrial fibrillation-related complications and the development of atrial fibrillation-associated diseases. These nodal points vary from patient to patient and can be identified by careful evaluation of the patients clinical phenotype. SUMMARY The application of the FMM identifies the gene--environment interactions that facilitate the patients nodal points and corrects them with emphasis on personalized diet, nutrition, and lifestyle changes.
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Lee MA, Raad N, Song MH, Yoo J, Lee M, Jang SP, Kwak TH, Kook H, Choi EK, Cha TJ, Hajjar RJ, Jeong D, Park WJ. The matricellular protein CCN5 prevents adverse atrial structural and electrical remodelling. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11768-11778. [PMID: 32885578 PMCID: PMC7579720 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial structural remodelling including atrial hypertrophy and fibrosis is a key mediator of atrial fibrillation (AF). We previously demonstrated that the matricellular protein CCN5 elicits anti‐fibrotic and anti‐hypertrophic effects in left ventricles under pressure overload. We here determined the utility of CCN5 in ameliorating adverse atrial remodelling and arrhythmias in a murine model of angiotensin II (AngII) infusion. Advanced atrial structural remodelling was induced by AngII infusion in control mice and mice overexpressing CCN5 either through transgenesis (CCN5 Tg) or AAV9‐mediated gene transfer (AAV9‐CCN5). The mRNA levels of pro‐fibrotic and pro‐inflammatory genes were markedly up‐regulated by AngII infusion, which was significantly normalized by CCN5 overexpression. In vitro studies in isolated atrial fibroblasts demonstrated a marked reduction in AngII‐induced fibroblast trans‐differentiation in CCN5‐treated atria. Moreover, while AngII increased the expression of phosphorylated CaMKII and ryanodine receptor 2 levels in HL‐1 cells, these molecular features of AF were prevented by CCN5. Electrophysiological studies in ex vivo perfused hearts revealed a blunted susceptibility of the AAV9‐CCN5–treated hearts to rapid atrial pacing‐induced arrhythmias and concomitant reversal in AngII‐induced atrial action potential prolongation. These data demonstrate the utility of a gene transfer approach targeting CCN5 for reversal of adverse atrial structural and electrophysiological remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ah Lee
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Nour Raad
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Min Ho Song
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jimeen Yoo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miyoung Lee
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung Pil Jang
- Bethphagen, S3-203, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Kwak
- Bethphagen, S3-203, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Basic Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Cha
- Division of Cardiology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Dongtak Jeong
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Park
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea.,Bethphagen, S3-203, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
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Nattel S, Heijman J, Zhou L, Dobrev D. Molecular Basis of Atrial Fibrillation Pathophysiology and Therapy: A Translational Perspective. Circ Res 2020; 127:51-72. [PMID: 32717172 PMCID: PMC7398486 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent arrhythmia, with substantial associated morbidity and mortality. There have been significant management advances over the past 2 decades, but the burden of the disease continues to increase and there is certainly plenty of room for improvement in treatment options. A potential key to therapeutic innovation is a better understanding of underlying fundamental mechanisms. This article reviews recent advances in understanding the molecular basis for AF, with a particular emphasis on relating these new insights to opportunities for clinical translation. We first review the evidence relating basic electrophysiological mechanisms to the characteristics of clinical AF. We then discuss the molecular control of factors leading to some of the principal determinants, including abnormalities in impulse conduction (such as tissue fibrosis and other extra-cardiomyocyte alterations, connexin dysregulation and Na+-channel dysfunction), electrical refractoriness, and impulse generation. We then consider the molecular drivers of AF progression, including a range of Ca2+-dependent intracellular processes, microRNA changes, and inflammatory signaling. The concept of key interactome-related nodal points is then evaluated, dealing with systems like those associated with CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II), NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein-3), and transcription-factors like TBX5 and PitX2c. We conclude with a critical discussion of therapeutic implications, knowledge gaps and future directions, dealing with such aspects as drug repurposing, biologicals, multispecific drugs, the targeting of cardiomyocyte inflammatory signaling and potential considerations in intervening at the level of interactomes and gene-regulation. The area of molecular intervention for AF management presents exciting new opportunities, along with substantial challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- IHU Liryc and Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Ang YS, Rajamani S, Haldar SM, Hüser J. A New Therapeutic Framework for Atrial Fibrillation Drug Development. Circ Res 2020; 127:184-201. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent cardiac arrhythmia and cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Its increasing prevalence in aging societies constitutes a growing challenge to global healthcare systems. Despite substantial unmet needs in AF prevention and treatment, drug developments hitherto have been challenging, and the current pharmaceutical pipeline is nearly empty. In this review, we argue that current drugs for AF are inadequate because of an oversimplified system for patient classification and the development of drugs that do not interdict underlying disease mechanisms. We posit that an improved understanding of AF molecular pathophysiology related to the continuous identification of novel disease-modifying drug targets and an increased appreciation of patient heterogeneity provide a new framework to personalize AF drug development. Together with recent innovations in diagnostics, remote rhythm monitoring, and big data capabilities, we anticipate that adoption of a new framework for patient subsegmentation based on pathophysiological, genetic, and molecular subsets will improve success rates of clinical trials and advance drugs that reduce the individual patient and public health burden of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Sin Ang
- From Amgen Research, Cardiometabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, CA (Y.-S.A., S.R., S.M.H.)
| | - Sridharan Rajamani
- From Amgen Research, Cardiometabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, CA (Y.-S.A., S.R., S.M.H.)
| | - Saptarsi M. Haldar
- From Amgen Research, Cardiometabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, CA (Y.-S.A., S.R., S.M.H.)
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA (S.M.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA (S.M.H.)
| | - Jörg Hüser
- Bayer AG, Pharma-RD-PCR TA Cardiovascular Disease, Wuppertal, Germany (J.H.)
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Regulation of cardiovascular calcium channel activity by post-translational modifications or interacting proteins. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:653-667. [PMID: 32435990 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels are the major pathway for Ca2+ influx to initiate the contraction of smooth and cardiac muscles. Alterations of calcium channel function have been implicated in multiple cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and long QT syndrome. Post-translational modifications do expand cardiovascular calcium channel structure and function to affect processes such as channel trafficking or polyubiquitination by two E3 ubiquitin ligases, Ret finger protein 2 (Rfp2) or murine double minute 2 protein (Mdm2). Additionally, biophysical property such as Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI) could be altered through binding of calmodulin, or channel activity could be modulated via S-nitrosylation by nitric oxide and phosphorylation by protein kinases or by interacting protein partners, such as galectin-1 and Rem. Understanding how cardiovascular calcium channel function is post-translationally remodeled under distinctive disease conditions will provide better information about calcium channel-related disease mechanisms and improve the development of more selective therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases.
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37
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Cheng WL, Kao YH, Chen YC, Lin YK, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor increases atrial arrhythmogenesis through CD74 signaling. Transl Res 2020; 216:43-56. [PMID: 31669150 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine, is highly expressed in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). CD74 (major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain) is the main receptor for MIF. However, the role of the MIF/CD74 axis in atrial arrhythmogenesis is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of MIF/CD74 signaling on atrial electrophysiological characteristics and determined its underlying mechanisms. Confocal fluorescence microscopy, patch clamp, and western blot analysis were used to study calcium homeostasis, ionic currents, and calcium-related signaling in MIF-treated HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes with or without anti-CD74 neutralized antibodies treatment. Furthermore, electrocardiographic telemetry recording and echocardiography were obtained from mice treated with MIF. Compared with controls, MIF-treated HL-1 myocytes had increased calcium transients, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium content, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) efflux rate, calcium leak, transient outward potassium current, and ultra-rapid delayed rectifier potassium current. Furthermore, MIF could induce expression of SR Ca2+ATPase, NCX, phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), and activation of calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) when compared with control cells. MIF-mediated electrical dysregulation and CaMKII-RyR2 signaling activation were attenuated through blocking of CD74. Moreover, MIF-injected mice had lesser left atrium fractional shortening, greater atrial fibrosis, and atrial ectopic beats than control (nonspecific immunoglobulin treated) or MIF combined with anti-CD74 neutralized antibody-treated mice. Consequently, our study on MIF/CD74 signaling has pointed out a new potential therapeutic intervention of AF patients with MIF elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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38
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Tachycardia-induced CD44/NOX4 signaling is involved in the development of atrial remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 135:67-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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39
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Chan YH, Chang GJ, Lai YJ, Chen WJ, Chang SH, Hung LM, Kuo CT, Yeh YH. Atrial fibrillation and its arrhythmogenesis associated with insulin resistance. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:125. [PMID: 31558158 PMCID: PMC6761716 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) is considered as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) even before diabetes develops. The pathophysiology and underlying mechanism are largely unclear. Methods We investigated the corresponding mechanism in two IR models of rats fed 15-week high-fat (HFa) and high-fructose/cholesterol (HFr) diets. AF was evaluated and induced by burst atrial pacing. Isolated atrial myocytes were used for whole-cell patch clamp and calcium assessment. Ex vivo whole heart was used for optical mapping. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used for quantitative protein evaluation. Results Both HFa and HFr rat atria were vulnerable to AF evaluated by burst atrial pacing. Isolated atrial myocytes from HFa and HFr rats revealed significantly increased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content and diastolic calcium sparks. Whole-heart mapping showed prolonged calcium transient duration, conduction velocity reduction, and repetitive ectopic focal discharge in HFa and HFr atria. Protein analysis revealed increased TGF-β1 and collagen expression; increased superoxide production; abnormal upregulation of calcium-homeostasis-related proteins, including oxidized CaMKIIδ, phosphorylated-phospholamban, phosphorylated-RyR-2, and sodium-calcium exchanger; and increased Rac1 activity in both HFa and HFr atria. We observed that inhibition of CaMKII suppressed AF in both HF and HFr diet-fed rats. In vitro palmitate-induced IR neonatal cardiomyocytes and atrial fibroblasts expressed significantly more TGF-β1 than did controls, suggesting paracrine and autocrine effects on both myocytes and fibroblasts. Conclusions IR engenders both atrial structural remodeling and abnormal intracellular calcium homeostasis, contributing to increased AF susceptibility. The inhibition of CaMKII may be a potential therapeutic target for AF in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Chan
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Microscopy Core Laboratory, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jyh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lai
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Chen
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hung Chang
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Man Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Healthy and Aging Research Center, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Kuo
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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40
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CaMKII Activity in the Inflammatory Response of Cardiac Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184374. [PMID: 31489895 PMCID: PMC6770001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological process by which the body responds to external insults and stress conditions, and it is characterized by the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines. The acute inflammatory response is solved by removing the threat. Conversely, a chronic inflammatory state is established due to a prolonged inflammatory response and may lead to tissue damage. Based on the evidence of a reciprocal regulation between inflammation process and calcium unbalance, here we described the involvement of a calcium sensor in cardiac diseases with inflammatory drift. Indeed, the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is activated in several diseases with an inflammatory component, such as myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, pressure overload/hypertrophy, and arrhythmic syndromes, in which it actively regulates pro-inflammatory signaling, among which includes nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), thus contributing to pathological cardiac remodeling. Thus, CaMKII may represent a key target to modulate the severity of the inflammatory-driven degeneration.
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41
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CaMKII-δ9 promotes cardiomyopathy through disrupting UBE2T-dependent DNA repair. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1152-1163. [DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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42
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Dobrev D. Atrial Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II: A druggable master switch of atrial fibrillation-associated atrial remodeling? Heart Rhythm 2019; 16:1089-1090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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43
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Zhao H, Li T, Liu G, Zhang L, Li G, Yu J, Lou Q, He R, Zhan C, Li L, Yang W, Zang Y, Cheng C, Li W. Chronic B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Therapy Prevents Atrial Electrical Remodeling in a Rabbit Model of Atrial Fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:575-585. [PMID: 31159577 DOI: 10.1177/1074248419854749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important and growing clinical problem. Current pharmacological treatments are unsatisfactory. Electrical remodeling has been identified as one of the principal pathophysiological mechanisms that promote AF, but there are no effective therapies to prevent or correct electrical remodeling in patients with AF. In AF, cardiac production and circulating levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are increased. However, its functional significance in AF remains to be determined. We assessed the hypotheses that chronic BNP treatment may prevent the altered electrophysiology in AF, and preventing AF-induced activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) may play a role. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-four rabbits were randomly divided into sham, rapid atrial pacing (RAP at 600 beats/min for 3 weeks), RAP/BNP, and sham/BNP groups. Rabbits in the RAP/BNP and sham/BNP groups received subcutaneous BNP (20 μg/kg twice daily) during the 3-week study period. HL-1 cells were subjected to rapid field stimulation for 24 hours in the presence or absence of BNP, KN-93 (a CaMKII inhibitor), or KN-92 (a nonactive analog of KN-93). We compared atrial electrical remodeling-related alterations in the ion channel/function/expression of these animals. We found that only in the RAP group, AF inducibility was significantly increased, atrial effective refractory periods and action potential duration were reduced, and the density of I Ca, L and I to decreased, while I K1 increased. The changes in the expressions of Cav1.2, Kv4.3, and Kir2.1 and currents showed a similar trend. In addition, in the RAP group, the activation of CaMKIIδ and phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor 2 and phospholamban significantly increased. Importantly, these changes were prevented in the RAP/BNP group, which were further validated by in vitro studies. CONCLUSIONS Chronic BNP therapy prevents atrial electrical remodeling in AF. Inhibition of CaMKII activation plays an important role to its anti-AF efficacy in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,2 Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Tiankai Li
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangzhong Liu
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangnan Li
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Yu
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Lou
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui He
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengchuang Zhan
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Luyifei Li
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Yang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanxiang Zang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cheping Cheng
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Weimin Li
- 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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44
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Dilaveris P, Antoniou CK, Manolakou P, Tsiamis E, Gatzoulis K, Tousoulis D. Biomarkers Associated with Atrial Fibrosis and Remodeling. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:780-802. [PMID: 28925871 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170918122502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common rhythm disturbance encountered in clinical practice. Although often considered as solely arrhythmic in nature, current evidence has established that atrial myopathy constitutes both the substrate and the outcome of atrial fibrillation, thus initiating a vicious, self-perpetuating cycle. This myopathy is triggered by stress-induced (including pressure/volume overload, inflammation, oxidative stress) responses of atrial tissue, which in the long term become maladaptive, and combine elements of both structural, especially fibrosis, and electrical remodeling, with contemporary approaches yielding potentially useful biomarkers of these processes. Biomarker value becomes greater given the fact that they can both predict atrial fibrillation occurrence and treatment outcome. This mini-review will focus on the biomarkers of atrial remodeling (both electrical and structural) and fibrosis that have been validated in human studies, including biochemical, histological and imaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polychronis Dilaveris
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiota Manolakou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Tsiamis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gatzoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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45
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Cardiomyocyte mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes and its contribution in cardiac arrhythmogenesis. Mitochondrion 2019; 46:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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46
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Antolic A, Li M, Richards EM, Curtis CW, Wood CE, Keller-Wood M. Mechanisms of in utero cortisol effects on the newborn heart revealed by transcriptomic modeling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 316:R323-R337. [PMID: 30624972 PMCID: PMC6483213 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00322.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have identified effects of elevated maternal cortisol (induced by maternal infusion 1 mg·kg-1·day-1) on fetal cardiac maturation and function using an ovine model. Whereas short-term exposure (115-130-day gestation) increased myocyte proliferation and Purkinje fiber apoptosis, infusions until birth caused bradycardia with increased incidence of arrhythmias at birth and increased perinatal death, despite normal fetal cortisol concentrations from 130 days to birth. Statistical modeling of the transcriptomic changes in hearts at 130 and 140 days suggested that maternal cortisol excess disrupts cardiac metabolism. In the current study, we modeled pathways in the left ventricle (LV) and interventricular septum (IVS) of newborn lambs after maternal cortisol infusion from 115 days to birth. In both LV and IVS the transcriptomic model indicated over-representation of cell cycle genes and suggested disruption of cell cycle progression. Pathways in the LV involved in cardiac architecture, including SMAD and bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) were altered, and collagen deposition was increased. Pathways in IVS related to metabolism, calcium signaling, and the actin cytoskeleton were altered. Comparison of the effects of maternal cortisol excess to the effects of normal maturation from day 140 to birth revealed that only 20% of the genes changed in the LV were consistent with normal maturation, indicating that chronic elevation of maternal cortisol alters normal maturation of the fetal myocardium. These effects of maternal cortisol on the cardiac transcriptome, which may be secondary to metabolic effects, are consistent with cardiac remodeling and likely contribute to the adverse impact of maternal stress on perinatal cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Antolic
- 1Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mengchen Li
- 2Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Elaine M. Richards
- 2Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Celia W. Curtis
- 1Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Charles E. Wood
- 2Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maureen Keller-Wood
- 1Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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47
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The KN-93 Molecule Inhibits Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII) Activity by Binding to Ca 2+/CaM. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1440-1459. [PMID: 30753871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase that transmits calcium signals in various cellular processes. CaMKII is activated by calcium-bound calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) through a direct binding mechanism involving a regulatory C-terminal α-helix in CaMKII. The Ca2+/CaM binding triggers transphosphorylation of critical threonine residues proximal to the CaM-binding site leading to the autoactivated state of CaMKII. The demonstration of its critical roles in pathophysiological processes has elevated CaMKII to a key target in the management of numerous diseases. The molecule KN-93 is the most widely used inhibitor for studying the cellular and in vivo functions of CaMKII. It is widely believed that KN-93 binds directly to CaMKII, thus preventing kinase activation by competing with Ca2+/CaM. Herein, we employed surface plasmon resonance, NMR, and isothermal titration calorimetry to characterize this presumed interaction. Our results revealed that KN-93 binds directly to Ca2+/CaM and not to CaMKII. This binding would disrupt the ability of Ca2+/CaM to interact with CaMKII, effectively inhibiting CaMKII activation. Our findings also indicated that KN-93 can specifically compete with a CaMKIIδ-derived peptide for binding to Ca2+/CaM. As indicated by the surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry data, apparently at least two KN-93 molecules can bind to Ca2+/CaM. Our findings provide new insight into how in vitro and in vivo data obtained with KN-93 should be interpreted. They further suggest that other Ca2+/CaM-dependent, non-CaMKII activities should be considered in KN-93-based mechanism-of-action studies and drug discovery efforts.
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48
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Hegyi B, Bers DM, Bossuyt J. CaMKII signaling in heart diseases: Emerging role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 127:246-259. [PMID: 30633874 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is upregulated in diabetes and significantly contributes to cardiac remodeling with increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Diabetes is frequently associated with atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, which may further enhance CaMKII. Activation of CaMKII occurs downstream of neurohormonal stimulation (e.g. via G-protein coupled receptors) and involve various posttranslational modifications including autophosphorylation, oxidation, S-nitrosylation and O-GlcNAcylation. CaMKII signaling regulates diverse cellular processes in a spatiotemporal manner including excitation-contraction and excitation-transcription coupling, mechanics and energetics in cardiac myocytes. Chronic activation of CaMKII results in cellular remodeling and ultimately arrhythmogenic alterations in Ca2+ handling, ion channels, cell-to-cell coupling and metabolism. This review addresses the detrimental effects of the upregulated CaMKII signaling to enhance the arrhythmogenic substrate and trigger mechanisms in the heart. We also briefly summarize preclinical studies using kinase inhibitors and genetically modified mice targeting CaMKII in diabetes. The mechanistic understanding of CaMKII signaling, cardiac remodeling and arrhythmia mechanisms may reveal new therapeutic targets and ultimately better treatment in diabetes and heart disease in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Hegyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Julie Bossuyt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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49
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Grisanti LA. Diabetes and Arrhythmias: Pathophysiology, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Outcomes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1669. [PMID: 30534081 PMCID: PMC6275303 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing and closely associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. While the major cardiovascular complication associated with diabetes is coronary artery disease, it is becoming increasingly apparent that diabetes impacts the electrical conduction system in the heart, resulting in atrial fibrillation, and ventricular arrhythmias. The relationship between diabetes and arrhythmias is complex and multifactorial including autonomic dysfunction, atrial and ventricular remodeling and molecular alterations. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the link between diabetes and arrhythmias with insight into the common molecular mechanisms, structural alterations and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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50
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Yoo S, Aistrup G, Shiferaw Y, Ng J, Mohler PJ, Hund TJ, Waugh T, Browne S, Gussak G, Gilani M, Knight BP, Passman R, Goldberger JJ, Wasserstrom JA, Arora R. Oxidative stress creates a unique, CaMKII-mediated substrate for atrial fibrillation in heart failure. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120728. [PMID: 30385719 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise mechanisms by which oxidative stress (OS) causes atrial fibrillation (AF) are not known. Since AF frequently originates in the posterior left atrium (PLA), we hypothesized that OS, via calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling, creates a fertile substrate in the PLA for triggered activity and reentry. In a canine heart failure (HF) model, OS generation and oxidized-CaMKII-induced (Ox-CaMKII-induced) RyR2 and Nav1.5 signaling were increased preferentially in the PLA (compared with left atrial appendage). Triggered Ca2+ waves (TCWs) in HF PLA myocytes were particularly sensitive to acute ROS inhibition. Computational modeling confirmed a direct relationship between OS/CaMKII signaling and TCW generation. CaMKII phosphorylated Nav1.5 (CaMKII-p-Nav1.5 [S571]) was located preferentially at the intercalated disc (ID), being nearly absent at the lateral membrane. Furthermore, a decrease in ankyrin-G (AnkG) in HF led to patchy dropout of CaMKII-p-Nav1.5 at the ID, causing its distribution to become spatially heterogeneous; this corresponded to preferential slowing and inhomogeneity of conduction noted in the HF PLA. Computational modeling illustrated how conduction slowing (e.g., due to increase in CaMKII-p-Nav1.5) interacts with fibrosis to cause reentry in the PLA. We conclude that OS via CaMKII leads to substrate for triggered activity and reentry in HF PLA by mechanisms independent of but complementary to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yoo
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gary Aistrup
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yohannes Shiferaw
- Department of Physics, California State University, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Jason Ng
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J Hund
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Trent Waugh
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Suzanne Browne
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Georg Gussak
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mehul Gilani
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bradley P Knight
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rod Passman
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Goldberger
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J Andrew Wasserstrom
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rishi Arora
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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