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Singh SP, Verma RK, Goel R, Kumar V, Singh RR, Sawant SV. Arabidopsis BECLIN1-induced autophagy mediates reprogramming in tapetal programmed cell death by altering the gross cellular homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108471. [PMID: 38503186 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
In flowering plants, the tapetum degeneration in post-meiotic anther occurs through developmental programmed cell death (dPCD), which is one of the most critical and sensitive steps for the proper development of male gametophytes and fertility. Yet the pathways of dPCD, its regulation, and its interaction with autophagy remain elusive. Here, we report that high-level expression of Arabidopsis autophagy-related gene BECLIN1 (BECN1 or AtATG6) in the tobacco tapetum prior to their dPCD resulted in developmental defects. BECN1 induces severe autophagy and multiple cytoplasm-to-vacuole pathways, which alters tapetal cell reactive oxygen species (ROS)-homeostasis that represses the tapetal dPCD. The transcriptome analysis reveals that BECN1- expression caused major changes in the pathway, resulting in altered cellular homeostasis in the tapetal cell. Moreover, BECN1-mediated autophagy reprograms the execution of tapetal PCD by altering the expression of the key developmental PCD marker genes: SCPL48, CEP1, DMP4, BFN1, MC9, EXI1, and Bcl-2 member BAG5, and BAG6. This study demonstrates that BECN1-mediated autophagy is inhibitory to the dPCD of the tapetum, but the severity of autophagy leads to autophagic death in the later stages. The delayed and altered mode of tapetal degeneration resulted in male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Pratap Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| | - Rishi Kumar Verma
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Ridhi Goel
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Verandra Kumar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | | | - Samir V Sawant
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Chen X, He Y, Wu Z, Lu X, Yin Z, Zhao L, Huang H, Meng Y, Fan Y, Guo L, Wang D, Wang J, Wang S, Chen C, Wang X, Ye W. Systematic analysis and expression of Gossypium ATG8 family reveals the roles of GhATG8f responding to salt stress in cotton. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:58. [PMID: 38321189 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Comprehensive analysis of Gossypium ATG8 family indicates that GhATG8f could improve salt tolerance of cotton by increasing SOD, POD and CAT activity and proline accumulation. In plants, autophagy is regulated by several genes that play important roles in initiating and controlling the process. ATG8, functioning as a protein similar to ubiquitin, is involved in crucial tasks throughout the autophagosome formation process. In this research, we conducted an extensive and all-encompassing investigation of 64 ATG8 genes across four varieties of cotton. According to the subcellular localization prediction results, 49 genes were found in the cytoplasm, 6 genes in the chloroplast, 1 gene in the peroxisome, 5 genes in the nucleus, and 3 genes in the extracellular region. Phylogenetic analysis categorized a total of 5 subfamilies containing sixty-four ATG8 genes. The expression of the majority of GhATG8 genes was induced by salt, drought, cold, and heat stresses, as revealed by RNA-seq and real-time PCR. Analysis of cis-elements in the promoters of GhATG8 genes revealed the predominant presence of responsive elements for plant hormones and abiotic stress, suggesting that GhATG8 genes might have significant functions in abiotic stress response. Furthermore, we additionally performed a gene interaction network analysis for the GhATG8 proteins. The salt stress resistance of cotton was reduced due to the downregulation of GhATG8f expression, resulting in decreased activity of CAT, SOD, and POD enzymes, as well as decreased fresh weight and proline accumulation. In summary, our research is the initial exploration of ATG8 gene components in cotton, providing a basis for future investigations into the regulatory mechanisms of ATG8 genes in autophagy and their response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiugui Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yunxin He
- Hunan Institute of Cotton Science, Changde, 415101, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan, 063299, Hebei, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Zujun Yin
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lanjie Zhao
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yapeng Fan
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lixue Guo
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Delong Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiupin Wang
- Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan, 063299, Hebei, China.
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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3
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Thanapipatpong P, Vuttipongchaikij S, Chomtong T, Puangtame W, Napaumpaipond P, Gomez LD, Suttangkakul A. Alternative splicing regulates autophagy in response to environmental stresses in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus). ALL LIFE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2023.2195987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Supachai Vuttipongchaikij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Advanced Studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thitikorn Chomtong
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Puangtame
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Anongpat Suttangkakul
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Advanced Studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand
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4
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Liu Z, Yang Q, Wu P, Li Y, Lin Y, Liu W, Guo S, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xu P, Qian Y, Xie Q. Dynamic monitoring of TGW6 by selective autophagy during grain development in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2419-2435. [PMID: 37743547 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Crop yield must increase to achieve food security in the face of a growing population and environmental deterioration. Grain size is a prime breeding target for improving grain yield and quality in crop. Here, we report that autophagy emerges as an important regulatory pathway contributing to grain size and quality in rice. Mutations of rice Autophagy-related 9b (OsATG9b) or OsATG13a causes smaller grains and increase of chalkiness, whereas overexpression of either promotes grain size and quality. We also demonstrate that THOUSAND-GRAIN WEIGHT 6 (TGW6), a superior allele that regulates grain size and quality in the rice variety Kasalath, interacts with OsATG8 via the canonical Atg8-interacting motif (AIM), and then is recruited to the autophagosome for selective degradation. In consistent, alteration of either OsATG9b or OsATG13a expression results in reciprocal modulation of TGW6 abundance during grain growth. Genetic analyses confirmed that knockout of TGW6 in either osatg9b or osatg13a mutants can partially rescue their grain size defects, indicating that TGW6 is one of the substrates for autophagy to regulate grain development. We therefore propose a potential framework for autophagy in contributing to grain size and quality in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qianying Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Pingfan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yifan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanni Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wanqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shaoying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310001, China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, The Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Yangwen Qian
- WIMI Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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5
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Yang J, Qiu L, Mei Q, Sun Y, Li N, Gong X, Ma F, Mao K. MdHB7-like positively modulates apple salt tolerance by promoting autophagic activity and Na + efflux. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:669-689. [PMID: 37471682 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress adversely affects the yield and quality of crops and limits their geographical distribution. Studying the functions and regulatory mechanisms of key genes in the salt stress response is important for breeding crops with enhanced stress resistance. Autophagy plays an important role in modulating the tolerance of plants to various types of abiotic stressors. However, the mechanisms underlying salt-induced autophagy are largely unknown. Cation/Ca2+ exchanger proteins enhance apple salt tolerance by inhibiting Na+ accumulation but the mechanism underlying the response to salt stress remains unclear. Here, we show that the autophagy-related gene MdATG18a modulated apple salt tolerance. Under salt stress, the autophagic activity, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activities were higher and Na+ accumulation was lower in MdATG18a-overexpressing transgenic plants than in control plants. The use of an autophagy inhibitor during the salt treatment demonstrated that the regulatory function of MdATG18a depended on autophagy. The yeast-one-hybrid assay revealed that the homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factor MdHB7-like directly bound to the MdATG18a promoter. Transcriptional regulation and genetic analyses showed that MdHB7-like enhanced salt-induced autophagic activity by promoting MdATG18a expression. The analysis of Na+ efflux rate in transgenic yeast indicated that MdCCX1 expression significantly promoted Na+ efflux. Promoter binding, transcriptional regulation, and genetic analyses showed that MdHB7-like promoted Na+ efflux and apple salt tolerance by directly promoting MdCCX1 expression, which was independent of the autophagy pathway. Overall, our findings provide insight into the mechanism underlying MdHB7-like-mediated salt tolerance in apple through the MdHB7-like-MdATG18a and MdHB7-like-MdCCX1 modules. These results will aid future studies on the mechanisms underlying stress-induced autophagy and the regulation of stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lina Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quanlin Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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6
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Agbemafle W, Wong MM, Bassham DC. Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of plant autophagy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6006-6022. [PMID: 37358252 PMCID: PMC10575704 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
In response to changing environmental conditions, plants activate cellular responses to enable them to adapt. One such response is autophagy, in which cellular components, for example proteins and organelles, are delivered to the vacuole for degradation. Autophagy is activated by a wide range of conditions, and the regulatory pathways controlling this activation are now being elucidated. However, key aspects of how these factors may function together to properly modulate autophagy in response to specific internal or external signals are yet to be discovered. In this review we discuss mechanisms for regulation of autophagy in response to environmental stress and disruptions in cell homeostasis. These pathways include post-translational modification of proteins required for autophagy activation and progression, control of protein stability of the autophagy machinery, and transcriptional regulation, resulting in changes in transcription of genes involved in autophagy. In particular, we highlight potential connections between the roles of key regulators and explore gaps in research, the filling of which can further our understanding of the autophagy regulatory network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Agbemafle
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Min May Wong
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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7
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Zhou X, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Ding S, Yu GH. Integrated Multi-Omics Analyses Reveal That Autophagy-Mediated Cellular Metabolism Is Required for the Initiation of Pollen Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15014. [PMID: 37834462 PMCID: PMC10573924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for degrading and recycling various cellular components, functioning in both normal development and stress conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a set of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, including ATG2 in the ATG9 cycling system and ATG5 in the ATG12 conjugation system. Our recent research demonstrated that autophagy-mediated compartmental cytoplasmic deletion is essential for pollen germination. However, the precise mechanisms through which autophagy regulates pollen germination, ensuring its fertility, remain largely unknown. Here, we applied multi-omics analyses, including transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches, to investigate the downstream pathways of autophagy in the process of pollen germination. Although ATG2 and ATG5 play similar roles in regulating pollen germination, high-throughput transcriptomic analysis reveals that silencing ATG5 has a greater impact on the transcriptome than silencing ATG2. Cross-comparisons of transcriptome and proteome analysis reveal that gene expression at the mRNA level and protein level is differentially affected by autophagy. Furthermore, high-throughput metabolomics analysis demonstrates that pathways related to amino acid metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis were affected by both ATG2 and ATG5 silencing. Collectively, our multi-omics analyses reveal the central role of autophagy in cellular metabolism, which is critical for initiating pollen germination and ensuring pollen fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guang-Hui Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.Z.)
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8
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Luo K, Li J, Lu M, An H, Wu X. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Rosa roxburghii Autophagy-Related Genes in Response to Top-Rot Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030556. [PMID: 36979491 PMCID: PMC10046283 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process in eukaryotes that degrades and recycles damaged cells in plants and is involved in plant growth, development, senescence, and resistance to external stress. Top-rot disease (TRD) in Rosa roxburghii fruits caused by Colletotrichum fructicola often leads to huge yield losses. However, little information is available about the autophagy underlying the defense response to TRD. Here, we identified a total of 40 R. roxburghii autophagy-related genes (RrATGs), which were highly homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana ATGs. Transcriptomic data show that RrATGs were involved in the development and ripening processes of R. roxburghii fruits. Gene expression patterns in fruits with different degrees of TRD occurrence suggest that several members of the RrATGs family responded to TRD, of which RrATG18e was significantly up-regulated at the initial infection stage of C. fructicola. Furthermore, exogenous calcium (Ca2+) significantly promoted the mRNA accumulation of RrATG18e and fruit resistance to TRD, suggesting that this gene might be involved in the calcium-mediated TRD defense response. This study provided a better understanding of R. roxburghii autophagy-related genes and their potential roles in disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisha Luo
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiaohong Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Min Lu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huaming An
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaomao Wu
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
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9
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Wu M, Zhang Q, Wu G, Zhang L, Xu X, Hu X, Gong Z, Chen Y, Li Z, Li H, Deng W. SlMYB72 affects pollen development by regulating autophagy in tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac286. [PMID: 36938568 PMCID: PMC10015339 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The formation and development of pollen are among the most critical processes for reproduction and genetic diversity in the life cycle of flowering plants. The present study found that SlMYB72 was highly expressed in the pollen and tapetum of tomato flowers. Downregulation of SlMYB72 led to a decrease in the amounts of seeds due to abnormal pollen development compared with wild-type plants. Downregulation of SlMYB72 delayed tapetum degradation and inhibited autophagy in tomato anther. Overexpression of SlMYB72 led to abnormal pollen development and delayed tapetum degradation. Expression levels of some autophagy-related genes (ATGs) were decreased in SlMYB72 downregulated plants and increased in overexpression plants. SlMYB72 was directly bound to ACCAAC/ACCAAA motif of the SlATG7 promoter and activated its expression. Downregulation of SlATG7 inhibited the autophagy process and tapetum degradation, resulting in abnormal pollen development in tomatoes. These results indicated SlMYB72 affects the tapetum degradation and pollen development by transcriptional activation of SlATG7 and autophagy in tomato anther. The study expands the understanding of the regulation of autophagy by SlMYB72, uncovers the critical role that autophagy plays in pollen development, and provides potential candidate genes for the production of male-sterility in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guanle Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Zehao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | | | - Wei Deng
- Corresponding authors. E-mails: ;
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10
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The role of Atg16 in autophagy, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and programmed cell death in leaves of the lace plant (Aponogeton madagascariensis). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281668. [PMID: 36795694 PMCID: PMC9934333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aponogeton madagascariensis, commonly known as the lace plant, produces leaves that form perforations by programmed cell death (PCD). Leaf development is divided into several stages beginning with "pre-perforation" furled leaves enriched with red pigmentation from anthocyanins. The leaf blade is characterized by a series of grids known as areoles bounded by veins. As leaves develop into the "window stage", anthocyanins recede from the center of the areole towards the vasculature creating a gradient of pigmentation and cell death. Cells in the middle of the areole that lack anthocyanins undergo PCD (PCD cells), while cells that retain anthocyanins (non-PCD cells) maintain homeostasis and persist in the mature leaf. Autophagy has reported roles in survival or PCD promotion across different plant cell types. However, the direct involvement of autophagy in PCD and anthocyanin levels during lace plant leaf development has not been determined. Previous RNA sequencing analysis revealed the upregulation of autophagy-related gene Atg16 transcripts in pre-perforation and window stage leaves, but how Atg16 affects PCD in lace plant leaf development is unknown. In this study, we investigated the levels of Atg16 in lace plant PCD by treating whole plants with either an autophagy promoter rapamycin or inhibitors concanamycin A (ConA) or wortmannin. Following treatments, window and mature stage leaves were harvested and analyzed using microscopy, spectrophotometry, and western blotting. Western blotting showed significantly higher Atg16 levels in rapamycin-treated window leaves, coupled with lower anthocyanin levels. Wortmannin-treated leaves had significantly lower Atg16 protein and higher anthocyanin levels compared to the control. Mature leaves from rapamycin-treated plants generated significantly fewer perforations compared to control, while wortmannin had the opposite effect. However, ConA treatment did not significantly change Atg16 levels, nor the number of perforations compared to the control, but anthocyanin levels did increase significantly in window leaves. We propose autophagy plays a dual role in promoting cell survival in NPCD cells by maintaining optimal anthocyanin levels and mediating a timely cell death in PCD cells in developing lace plant leaves. How autophagy specifically affects anthocyanin levels remained unexplained.
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Genome-Wide Identification of ATG Gene Family Members in Fagopyrum tataricum and Their Expression during Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314845. [PMID: 36499172 PMCID: PMC9739578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity are major environmental factors limiting plant productivity. Autophagy-related genes are extensively involved in plant growth, development, and adverse stress responses, which have not yet been characterized in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum, TB). In this study, we verified that drought stress could induce autophagy in TB roots. Next, 49 FtATGs in the whole genome of TB were identified. All FtATGs were randomly distributed in 8 known chromosomes, while 11 FtATGs were predictably segmental repeats. As the core component of autophagy, there were 8 FtATG8s with similar gene structures in TB, while FtATG8s showed high expression at the transcription level under drought and salt stresses. The cis-acting element analysis identified that all FtATG8 promoters contain light-responsive and MYB-binding elements. FtATG8s showed a cell-wide protein interaction network and strongly correlated with distinct stress-associated transcription factors. Furthermore, overexpression of FtATG8a and FtATG8f enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of TB under adverse stresses. Remarkably, FtATG8a and FtATG8f may be vital candidates functioning in stress resistance in TB. This study prominently aids in understanding the biological role of FtATG genes in TB.
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12
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Ahmad M. Genomics and transcriptomics to protect rice ( Oryza sativa. L.) from abiotic stressors: -pathways to achieving zero hunger. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1002596. [PMID: 36340401 PMCID: PMC9630331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1002596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
More over half of the world's population depends on rice as a major food crop. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is vulnerable to abiotic challenges including drought, cold, and salinity since it grown in semi-aquatic, tropical, or subtropical settings. Abiotic stress resistance has bred into rice plants since the earliest rice cultivation techniques. Prior to the discovery of the genome, abiotic stress-related genes were identified using forward genetic methods, and abiotic stress-tolerant lines have developed using traditional breeding methods. Dynamic transcriptome expression represents the degree of gene expression in a specific cell, tissue, or organ of an individual organism at a specific point in its growth and development. Transcriptomics can reveal the expression at the entire genome level during stressful conditions from the entire transcriptional level, which can be helpful in understanding the intricate regulatory network relating to the stress tolerance and adaptability of plants. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) gene families found comparatively using the reference genome sequences of other plant species, allowing for genome-wide identification. Transcriptomics via gene expression profiling which have recently dominated by RNA-seq complements genomic techniques. The identification of numerous important qtl,s genes, promoter elements, transcription factors and miRNAs involved in rice response to abiotic stress was made possible by all of these genomic and transcriptomic techniques. The use of several genomes and transcriptome methodologies to comprehend rice (Oryza sativa, L.) ability to withstand abiotic stress have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad
- Visiting Scientist Plant Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
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13
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Autophagy in the Lifetime of Plants: From Seed to Seed. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911410. [PMID: 36232711 PMCID: PMC9570326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degradation mechanism in eukaryotes. Excess or harmful intracellular content can be encapsulated by double-membrane autophagic vacuoles and transferred to vacuoles for degradation in plants. Current research shows three types of autophagy in plants, with macroautophagy being the most important autophagic degradation pathway. Until now, more than 40 autophagy-related (ATG) proteins have been identified in plants that are involved in macroautophagy, and these proteins play an important role in plant growth regulation and stress responses. In this review, we mainly introduce the research progress of autophagy in plant vegetative growth (roots and leaves), reproductive growth (pollen), and resistance to biotic (viruses, bacteria, and fungi) and abiotic stresses (nutrients, drought, salt, cold, and heat stress), and we discuss the application direction of plant autophagy in the future.
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14
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Khan MS, Hemalatha S. Autophagy and Programmed Cell Death Are Critical Pathways in Jasmonic Acid Mediated Saline Stress Tolerance in Oryza sativa. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5353-5366. [PMID: 35771304 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Saline stress is the most limiting condition impacting the plant growth, development, and productivity. In this present study, jasmonic acid (JA) was used as a foliar spray on the rice seedlings grown under saline stress. Increase in photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanin, and total protein content was observed with JA treatment while NaCl showed reduction in biochemical constituents and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity. The leaf cells of NaCl-treated seedlings accumulated more ROS and had more fragmented nuclei, whereas JA decreased the accumulation and fragmentation during saline stress. In NaCl treatment, gene expression analysis showed many fold upregulation in comparison with other treatments. The results suggest that JA acts as a promoter for growth, physiological, biochemical, and cellular contents, as well as ameliorate the effects of saline stress. The expression of genes demonstrated that saline stress may promote autophagy, which leads to autophagic cell death, and improve tolerance to saline stress in rice seedlings via the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. However, the mechanism by which jasmonate signaling induces autophagy and cell death is unknown and requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahanbaj Khan
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, TN, India
| | - S Hemalatha
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, TN, India.
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15
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Su Y, Peng Q, Ling H, You C, Wu Q, Xu L, Que Y. Systematic identification of miRNA-regulatory networks unveils their potential roles in sugarcane response to Sorghum mosaic virus infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:247. [PMID: 35585486 PMCID: PMC9118776 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane mosaic disease (SMD) is a major viral disease of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) worldwide. Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) is the dominant pathogen of SMD in the sugarcane planting areas of China. There is no report on miRNAs and their regulatory networks in sugarcane response to SrMV infection. RESULTS In this study, small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) of samples from the leaves of SMD-susceptible variety ROC22 and -resistant variety FN39 infected by SrMV was performed. A total of 132 mature miRNAs (55 known miRNAs and 77 novel miRNAs) corresponding to 1,037 target genes were identified. After the SrMV attack, there were 30 differentially expressed miRNAs (17 up-regulated and 13 down-regulated) in FN39 and 19 in ROC22 (16 up-regulated and 3 down-regulated). Besides, there were 18 and 7 variety-specific differentially expressed miRNAs for FN39 and ROC22, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs targeted genes involved in several disease resistance-related pathways, such as mRNA surveillance, plant pathway interaction, sulfur metabolism, and regulation of autophagy. The reliability of sequencing data, and the expression patterns / regulation relationships between the selected differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes in ROC22 and FN39 were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. A regulatory network diagram of differentially expressed miRNAs and their predicted target genes in sugarcane response to SrMV infection was sketched. In addition, precursor sequences of three candidate differentially expressed novel miRNAs (nov_3741, nov_22650 and nov_40875) were cloned from the ROC22 leaf infected by SrMV. Transient overexpression demonstrated that they could induce the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and the expression level of hypersensitive response marker genes, salicylic acid-responsive genes and ethylene synthesis-depended genes in Nicotiana benthamiana. It is thus speculated that these three miRNAs may be involved in regulating the early immune response of sugarcane plants following SrMV infection. CONCLUSIONS This study lays a foundation for revealing the miRNA regulation mechanism in the interaction of sugarcane and SrMV, and also provides a resource for miRNAs and their predicted target genes for SrMV resistance improvement in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Qiong Peng
- Fuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350018 Fujian China
| | - Hui Ling
- College of Agriculture, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000 Guangxi, China
| | - Chuihuai You
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Qibin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
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16
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Wang J, Miao S, Liu Y, Wang Y. Linking Autophagy to Potential Agronomic Trait Improvement in Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094793. [PMID: 35563184 PMCID: PMC9103229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process in eukaryotic cells, by which the superfluous or damaged cytoplasmic components can be delivered into vacuoles or lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Two decades of autophagy research in plants uncovers the important roles of autophagy during diverse biological processes, including development, metabolism, and various stress responses. Additionally, molecular machineries contributing to plant autophagy onset and regulation have also gradually come into people’s sights. With the advancement of our knowledge of autophagy from model plants, autophagy research has expanded to include crops in recent years, for a better understanding of autophagy engagement in crop biology and its potentials in improving agricultural performance. In this review, we summarize the current research progress of autophagy in crops and discuss the autophagy-related approaches for potential agronomic trait improvement in crop plants.
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17
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Liu R, Zhang R, Yang Y, Liu X, Gong Q. Monitoring Autophagy in Rice With GFP-ATG8 Marker Lines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866367. [PMID: 35548298 PMCID: PMC9083259 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved intracellular trafficking pathway for bulk degradation and recycling of cellular components in eukaryotes. The hallmark of autophagy is the formation of double-membraned vesicles termed autophagosomes, which selectively or non-selectively pack up various macromolecules and organelles and deliver these cargoes into the vacuole/lysosome. Like all other membrane trafficking pathways, the observation of autophagy is largely dependent on marker lines. ATG8/LC3 is the only autophagy-related (ATG) protein that, through a covalent bond to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), associates tightly with the isolation membrane/pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS), the growing phagophore, the mature autophagosome, and the autophagic bodies. Therefore, fluorescent protein (FP)-tagged ATG8 had been widely used for monitoring autophagosome formation and autophagic flux. In rice (Oryza sativa), FP-OsATG8 driven by Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter had been used for imaging autophagosome and autophagic bodies. Here, we constructed three vectors carrying GFP-OsATG8a, driven by 35S, ubiquitin, and the endogenous ATG8a promoter, individually. Then, we compared them for their suitability in monitoring autophagy, by observing GFP-ATG8a puncta formation in transiently transformed rice protoplasts, and by tracking the autophagic flux with GFP-ATG8 cleavage assay in rice stable transgenic lines. GFP-Trap immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were also performed with the three marker lines to show that they can be used reliably for proteomic studies. We found out that the ubiquitin promoter is the best for protoplast imaging. Transgenic rice seedlings of the three marker lines showed comparable performance in autophagic flux measurement using the GFP-ATG8 cleavage assay. Surprisingly, the levels of GFP-ATG8a transcripts and protein contents were similar in all marker lines, indicating post-transcriptional regulation of the transgene expression by a yet unknown mechanism. These marker lines can serve as useful tools for autophagy studies in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongxue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingqiu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Wang Q, Hou S. The emerging roles of ATG1/ATG13 kinase complex in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 271:153653. [PMID: 35255243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved system from yeast to mammals that mediates the degradation and renovation of cellular components. This process is mainly driven by numerous autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Among these components, the ATG1/ATG13 complex plays an essential role in initiating autophagy, sensing nutritional status signals, recruiting downstream ATG proteins to the autophagosome formation site, and governing autophagosome formation. In this review, we will focus on the ATG1/ATG13 kinase complex, summarizing and discussing the current views on the composition, structure, function, and regulation of this complex in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Suiwen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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19
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The Landscape of Autophagy-Related (ATG) Genes and Functional Characterization of TaVAMP727 to Autophagy in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020891. [PMID: 35055085 PMCID: PMC8776105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an indispensable biological process and plays crucial roles in plant growth and plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. This study systematically identified autophagy-related proteins (ATGs) in wheat and its diploid and tetraploid progenitors and investigated their genomic organization, structure characteristics, expression patterns, genetic variation, and regulation network. We identified a total of 77, 51, 29, and 30 ATGs in wheat, wild emmer, T. urartu and A. tauschii, respectively, and grouped them into 19 subfamilies. We found that these autophagy-related genes (ATGs) suffered various degrees of selection during the wheat’s domestication and breeding processes. The genetic variations in the promoter region of Ta2A_ATG8a were associated with differences in seed size, which might be artificially selected for during the domestication process of tetraploid wheat. Overexpression of TaVAMP727 improved the cold, drought, and salt stresses resistance of the transgenic Arabidopsis and wheat. It also promoted wheat heading by regulating the expression of most ATGs. Our findings demonstrate how ATGs regulate wheat plant development and improve abiotic stress resistance. The results presented here provide the basis for wheat breeding programs for selecting varieties of higher yield which are capable of growing in colder, drier, and saltier areas.
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20
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Tang J, Bassham DC. Autophagy during drought: function, regulation, and potential application. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:390-401. [PMID: 34469611 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major challenge for agricultural production since it causes substantial yield reduction and economic loss. Autophagy is a subcellular degradation and recycling pathway that functions in plant development and responses to many stresses, including drought. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the function of autophagy and how autophagy is upregulated during drought stress. Autophagy helps plants to survive drought stress, and the mechanistic basis for this is beginning to be elucidated. Autophagy can selectively degrade aquaporins to adjust water permeability, and also degrades excess heme and damaged proteins to reduce their toxicity. In addition, autophagy can degrade regulators or components of hormone signaling pathways to promote stress responses. During drought recovery, autophagy degrades drought-induced proteins to reset the cell status. Autophagy is activated by multiple mechanisms during drought stress. Several transcription factors are induced by drought to upregulate autophagy-related gene expression, and autophagy is also regulated post-translationally through protein modification and stability. Based on these observations, manipulation of autophagy activity may be a promising approach for conferring drought tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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21
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Zhou X, Zhao P, Sun MX. Autophagy in sexual plant reproduction: new insights. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7658-7667. [PMID: 34338297 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a mechanism by which damaged or unwanted cells are degraded and their constituents recycled. Over the past decades, research focused on autophagy has expanded from yeast to mammals and plants, and the core machinery regulating autophagy appears to be conserved. In plants, autophagy has essential roles in responses to stressful conditions and also contributes to normal development, especially in the context of reproduction. Here, based on recent efforts to understand the roles and molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy, we highlight the specific roles of autophagy in plant reproduction and provide new insights for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, Engineering Research Centre for the Protection and Utilization of Bioresource in Ethnic Area of Southern China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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22
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Liu W, Liu Z, Mo Z, Guo S, Liu Y, Xie Q. ATG8-Interacting Motif: Evolution and Function in Selective Autophagy of Targeting Biological Processes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:783881. [PMID: 34912364 PMCID: PMC8666691 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.783881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved vacuolar process functioning in the degradation of cellular components for reuse. In plants, autophagy is generally activated upon stress and its regulation is executed by numbers of AuTophaGy-related genes (ATGs), of which the ATG8 plays a dual role in both biogenesis of autophagosomes and recruitment of ATG8-interacting motif (AIM) anchored selective autophagy receptors (SARs). Such motif is either termed as AIM or ubiquitin-interacting motif (UIM), corresponding to the LC3-interacting region (LIR)/AIM docking site (LDS) or the UIM docking site (UDS) of ATG8, respectively. To date, dozens of AIM or UIM containing SARs have been characterized. However, the knowledge of these motifs is still obscured. In this review, we intend to summarize the current understanding of SAR proteins and discuss the conservation and diversification of the AIMs/UIMs, expectantly providing new insights into the evolution of them in various biological processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zinan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zulong Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Quezada-Rodríguez EH, Gómez-Velasco H, Arthikala MK, Lara M, Hernández-López A, Nanjareddy K. Exploration of Autophagy Families in Legumes and Dissection of the ATG18 Family with a Special Focus on Phaseolus vulgaris. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122619. [PMID: 34961093 PMCID: PMC8703869 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a fundamental catabolic pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis in eukaryotic cells by forming double-membrane-bound vesicles named autophagosomes. The autophagy family genes remain largely unexplored except in some model organisms. Legumes are a large family of economically important crops, and knowledge of their important cellular processes is essential. Here, to first address the knowledge gaps, we identified 17 ATG families in Phaseolus vulgaris, Medicago truncatula and Glycine max based on Arabidopsis sequences and elucidated their phylogenetic relationships. Second, we dissected ATG18 in subfamilies from early plant lineages, chlorophytes to higher plants, legumes, which included a total of 27 photosynthetic organisms. Third, we focused on the ATG18 family in P. vulgaris to understand the protein structure and developed a 3D model for PvATG18b. Our results identified ATG homologs in the chosen legumes and differential expression data revealed the nitrate-responsive nature of ATG genes. A multidimensional scaling analysis of 280 protein sequences from 27 photosynthetic organisms classified ATG18 homologs into three subfamilies that were not based on the BCAS3 domain alone. The domain structure, protein motifs (FRRG) and the stable folding conformation structure of PvATG18b revealing the possible lipid-binding sites and transmembrane helices led us to propose PvATG18b as the functional homolog of AtATG18b. The findings of this study contribute to an in-depth understanding of the autophagy process in legumes and improve our knowledge of ATG18 subfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa-Herminia Quezada-Rodríguez
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León C.P. 37684, Mexico; (E.-H.Q.-R.); (M.-K.A.); (A.H.-L.)
| | - Homero Gómez-Velasco
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuidad Universitaria, Cuidad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico;
| | - Manoj-Kumar Arthikala
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León C.P. 37684, Mexico; (E.-H.Q.-R.); (M.-K.A.); (A.H.-L.)
| | - Miguel Lara
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca C.P. 62271, Mexico;
| | - Antonio Hernández-López
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León C.P. 37684, Mexico; (E.-H.Q.-R.); (M.-K.A.); (A.H.-L.)
| | - Kalpana Nanjareddy
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León C.P. 37684, Mexico; (E.-H.Q.-R.); (M.-K.A.); (A.H.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-477-1940800 (ext. 43462)
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Yang M, Wang L, Chen C, Guo X, Lin C, Huang W, Chen L. Genome-wide analysis of autophagy-related genes in Medicago truncatula highlights their roles in seed development and response to drought stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22933. [PMID: 34824334 PMCID: PMC8616919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process of degradation of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotes. It is involved in the growth and development of plants, as well as in biotic and abiotic stress response. Although autophagy-related (ATG) genes have been identified and characterized in many plant species, little is known about this process in Medicago truncatula. In this study, 39 ATGs were identified, and their gene structures and conserved domains were systematically characterized in M. truncatula. Many cis-elements, related to hormone and stress responsiveness, were identified in the promoters of MtATGs. Phylogenetic and interaction network analyses suggested that the function of MtATGs is evolutionarily conserved in Arabidopsis and M. truncatula. The expression of MtATGs, at varied levels, was detected in all examined tissues. In addition, most of the MtATGs were highly induced during seed development and drought stress, which indicates that autophagy plays an important role in seed development and responses to drought stress in M. truncatula. In conclusion, this study gives a comprehensive overview of MtATGs and provides important clues for further functional analysis of autophagy in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chumin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xu Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chuanglie Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Transporters and transcription factors gene families involved in improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and assimilation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Transgenic Res 2021; 31:23-42. [PMID: 34524604 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) as a macronutrient is an important determinant of plant growth. The excessive usage of chemical fertilizers is increasing environmental pollution; hence, the improvement of crop's nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is imperative for sustainable agriculture. N uptake, transportation, assimilation, and remobilization are four important determinants of plant NUE. Oryza sativa L. (rice) is a staple food for approximately half of the human population, around the globe and improvement in rice yield is pivotal for rice breeders. The N transporters, enzymes indulged in N assimilation, and several transcription factors affect the rice NUE and subsequent yield. Although, a couple of improvements have been made regarding rice NUE, the knowledge about regulatory mechanisms operating NUE is scarce. The current review provides a precise knowledge of how rice plants detect soil N and how this detection is translated into the language of responses that regulate the growth. Additionally, the transcription factors that control N-associated genes in rice are discussed in detail. This mechanistic insight will help the researchers to improve rice yield with minimized use of chemical fertilizers.
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26
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Zhang X, Deibert CP, Kim WJ, Jaman E, Rao AV, Lotze MT, Amankulor NM. Autophagy inhibition is the next step in the treatment of glioblastoma patients following the Stupp era. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:971-983. [PMID: 32759988 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It has now been nearly 15 years since the last major advance in the treatment of patients with glioma. "The addition of temozolomide to radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma resulted in a clinically meaningful and statistically significant survival benefit with minimal additional toxicity". Autophagy is primarily a survival pathway, literally self-eating, that is utilized in response to stress (such as radiation and chemotherapy), enabling clearance of effete protein aggregates and multimolecular assemblies. Promising results have been observed in patients with glioma for over a decade now when autophagy inhibition with chloroquine derivatives coupled with conventional therapy. The application of autophagy inhibitors, the role of immune cell-induced autophagy, and the potential role of novel cellular and gene therapies, should now be considered for development as part of this well-established regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher P Deibert
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wi-Jin Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emade Jaman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aparna V Rao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nduka M Amankulor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Gomez RE, Lupette J, Chambaud C, Castets J, Ducloy A, Cacas JL, Masclaux-Daubresse C, Bernard A. How Lipids Contribute to Autophagosome Biogenesis, a Critical Process in Plant Responses to Stresses. Cells 2021; 10:1272. [PMID: 34063958 PMCID: PMC8224036 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout their life cycle, plants face a tremendous number of environmental and developmental stresses. To respond to these different constraints, they have developed a set of refined intracellular systems including autophagy. This pathway, highly conserved among eukaryotes, is induced by a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses upon which it mediates the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic material. Central to autophagy is the formation of highly specialized double membrane vesicles called autophagosomes which select, engulf, and traffic cargo to the lytic vacuole for degradation. The biogenesis of these structures requires a series of membrane remodeling events during which both the quantity and quality of lipids are critical to sustain autophagy activity. This review highlights our knowledge, and raises current questions, regarding the mechanism of autophagy, and its induction and regulation upon environmental stresses with a particular focus on the fundamental contribution of lipids. How autophagy regulates metabolism and the recycling of resources, including lipids, to promote plant acclimation and resistance to stresses is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Enrique Gomez
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (R.E.G.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Josselin Lupette
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (R.E.G.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Clément Chambaud
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (R.E.G.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Julie Castets
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (R.E.G.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Amélie Ducloy
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 AgroParisTech-INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (A.D.); (J.-L.C.); (C.M.-D.)
| | - Jean-Luc Cacas
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 AgroParisTech-INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (A.D.); (J.-L.C.); (C.M.-D.)
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 AgroParisTech-INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (A.D.); (J.-L.C.); (C.M.-D.)
| | - Amélie Bernard
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (R.E.G.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
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Prasad A, Hari-Gowthem G, Muthamilarasan M, Hussain Z, Yadav PK, Tripathi S, Prasad M. Molecular characterization of SlATG18f in response to Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus infection in tomato and development of a CAPS marker for leaf curl disease tolerance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1463-1474. [PMID: 33554270 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of autophagy-related genes in tomato shows the involvement of SlATG18f in leaf curl disease tolerance and a CAPS marker developed from this gene demonstrates its usefulness in marker-assisted selection. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process regulating cellular homeostasis and adaptation to different biotic and abiotic stress. Several autophagy-related proteins (ATGs) are reported to be involved in autophagic processes, and considering their importance in regulating growth and stress adaptation, these proteins have been identified and characterized in several plant species. However, there is no information available on the role of autophagy-related proteins regulating the tolerance of tomato to tomato leaf curl disease (ToLCD). Given this, the present genome-wide study identified thirty ATG-encoding genes (SlATG) in tomato, followed by their functional characterization. Expression profiling of the SlATG genes in contrasting tomato cultivars subjected to virus infection showed a 4.5-fold upregulation of SlATG18f in the tolerant cultivar. Further, virus-induced gene silencing of SlATG18f in the tolerant cultivar conferred disease susceptibility, which suggested the role of this gene in Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus tolerance. Comparison of the gene sequence of both tolerant and susceptible cultivars along with the 5' upstream regions identified an SNP (A/T) at -2916 upstream of the start codon. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker was developed targeting this region, which showed a significant association with the tolerance characteristics in the tomato germplasm (R2 = 0.1787). Altogether, the study identified a potential gene that could be used to develop ToLCNDV tolerant tomato cultivars using transgene-based or marker-assisted breeding-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Zakir Hussain
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Yadav
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sandhya Tripathi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Current Understanding of Leaf Senescence in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094515. [PMID: 33925978 PMCID: PMC8123611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence, which is the last developmental phase of plant growth, is controlled by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Leaf yellowing is a visual indicator of senescence due to the loss of the green pigment chlorophyll. During senescence, the methodical disassembly of macromolecules occurs, facilitating nutrient recycling and translocation from the sink to the source organs, which is critical for plant fitness and productivity. Leaf senescence is a complex and tightly regulated process, with coordinated actions of multiple pathways, responding to a sophisticated integration of leaf age and various environmental signals. Many studies have been carried out to understand the leaf senescence-associated molecular mechanisms including the chlorophyll breakdown, phytohormonal and transcriptional regulation, interaction with environmental signals, and associated metabolic changes. The metabolic reprogramming and nutrient recycling occurring during leaf senescence highlight the fundamental role of this developmental stage for the nutrient economy at the whole plant level. The strong impact of the senescence-associated nutrient remobilization on cereal productivity and grain quality is of interest in many breeding programs. This review summarizes our current knowledge in rice on (i) the actors of chlorophyll degradation, (ii) the identification of stay-green genotypes, (iii) the identification of transcription factors involved in the regulation of leaf senescence, (iv) the roles of leaf-senescence-associated nitrogen enzymes on plant performance, and (v) stress-induced senescence. Compiling the different advances obtained on rice leaf senescence will provide a framework for future rice breeding strategies to improve grain yield.
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30
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Autophagy in Plant Abiotic Stress Management. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084075. [PMID: 33920817 PMCID: PMC8071135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants can be considered an open system. Throughout their life cycle, plants need to exchange material, energy and information with the outside world. To improve their survival and complete their life cycle, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to maintain cellular homeostasis during development and in response to environmental changes. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-degradative process that occurs ubiquitously in all eukaryotic cells and plays many physiological roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that autophagy can be induced not only by starvation but also as a cellular response to various abiotic stresses, including oxidative, salt, drought, cold and heat stresses. This review focuses mainly on the role of autophagy in plant abiotic stress management.
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31
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Wang H, Ding Z, Gou M, Hu J, Wang Y, Wang L, Wang Y, Di T, Zhang X, Hao X, Wang X, Yang Y, Qian W. Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of tea plant autophagy-related genes (CsARGs) demonstrates that they play diverse roles during development and under abiotic stress. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:121. [PMID: 33596831 PMCID: PMC7891152 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy, meaning ‘self-eating’, is required for the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic constituents under stressful and non-stressful conditions, which helps to maintain cellular homeostasis and delay aging and longevity in eukaryotes. To date, the functions of autophagy have been heavily studied in yeast, mammals and model plants, but few studies have focused on economically important crops, especially tea plants (Camellia sinensis). The roles played by autophagy in coping with various environmental stimuli have not been fully elucidated to date. Therefore, investigating the functions of autophagy-related genes in tea plants may help to elucidate the mechanism governing autophagy in response to stresses in woody plants. Results In this study, we identified 35 C. sinensis autophagy-related genes (CsARGs). Each CsARG is highly conserved with its homologues from other plant species, except for CsATG14. Tissue-specific expression analysis demonstrated that the abundances of CsARGs varied across different tissues, but CsATG8c/i showed a degree of tissue specificity. Under hormone and abiotic stress conditions, most CsARGs were upregulated at different time points during the treatment. In addition, the expression levels of 10 CsARGs were higher in the cold-resistant cultivar ‘Longjing43’ than in the cold-susceptible cultivar ‘Damianbai’ during the CA period; however, the expression of CsATG101 showed the opposite tendency. Conclusions We performed a comprehensive bioinformatic and physiological analysis of CsARGs in tea plants, and these results may help to establish a foundation for further research investigating the molecular mechanisms governing autophagy in tea plant growth, development and response to stress. Meanwhile, some CsARGs could serve as putative molecular markers for the breeding of cold-resistant tea plants in future research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07419-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Mengjie Gou
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jianhui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.,Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Taimei Di
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.,Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.,Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.,Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.,Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Wenjun Qian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Zhen X, Zheng N, Yu J, Bi C, Xu F. Autophagy mediates grain yield and nitrogen stress resistance by modulating nitrogen remobilization in rice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244996. [PMID: 33444362 PMCID: PMC7808584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a conserved cellular process in eukaryotes, has evolved to a sophisticated process to dispose of intracellular constituents and plays important roles in plant development, metabolism, and efficient nutrients remobilization under suboptimal nutrients conditions. Here, we show that OsATG8b, an AUTOPHAGY-RELATED8 (ATG8) gene in rice, was highly induced by nitrogen (N) starvation. Elevated expression of OsATG8b significantly increased ATG8 lipidation, autophagic flux, and grain yield in rice under both sufficient and deficient N conditions. Overexpressing of OsATG8b could greatly increase the activities of enzymes related to N metabolism. Intriguingly, the 15N-labeling assay further revealed that more N was remobilized to seeds in OsATG8b-overexpressing rice, which significantly increased the N remobilization efficiency (NRE), N harvest index, N utilization efficiency (NUE), and N uptake efficiency (NUpE). Conversely, the osatg8b knock-out mutants had the opposite results on these characters. The substantial transcriptional changes of the overexpressed transgenic lines indicated the presence of complex signaling to developmental, metabolic process, and hormone, etc. Excitingly, the transgenic rice under different backgrounds all similarly be boosted in yield and NUE with OsATG8b overexpression. This work provides an excellent candidate gene for improving N remobilization, utilization, and yield in crops simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Naimeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinlei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Congyuan Bi
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail: ,
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Baena G, Feria AB, Hernández-Huertas L, Gandullo J, Echevarría C, Monreal JA, García-Mauriño S. Genetic and Pharmacological Inhibition of Autophagy increases the Monoubiquitination of Non-Photosynthetic Phospho enolpyruvate Carboxylase. PLANTS 2020; 10:plants10010012. [PMID: 33374865 PMCID: PMC7823769 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is an enzyme with key roles in carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. The mechanisms that control enzyme stability and turnover are not well known. This paper investigates the degradation of PEPC via selective autophagy, including the role of the monoubiquitination of the enzyme in this process. In Arabidopsis, the genetic inhibition of autophagy increases the amount of monoubiquitinated PEPC in the atg2, atg5, and atg18a lines. The same is observed in nbr1, which is deficient in a protein that recruits monoubiquitinated substrates for selective autophagy. In cultured tobacco cells, the chemical inhibition of the degradation of autophagic substrates increases the quantity of PEPC proteins. When the formation of the autophagosome is blocked with 3-methyladenine (3-MA), monoubiquitinated PEPC accumulates as a result. Finally, pull-down experiments with a truncated version of NBR1 demonstrate the recovery of intact and/or fragmented PEPC in Arabidopsis leaves and roots, as well as cultured tobacco cells. Taken together, the results show that a fraction of PEPC is cleaved via selective autophagy and that the monoubiquitination of the enzyme has a role in its recruitment towards this pathway. Although autophagy seems to be a minor pathway, the results presented here increase the knowledge about the role of monoubiquitination and the regulation of PEPC degradation.
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Zhao P, Zhou XM, Zhao LL, Cheung AY, Sun MX. Autophagy-mediated compartmental cytoplasmic deletion is essential for tobacco pollen germination and male fertility. Autophagy 2020; 16:2180-2192. [PMID: 31983274 PMCID: PMC7751669 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1719722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, macroautophagy/autophagy has mainly been associated with stress-related processes but how it impacts normal physiological and developmental processes remains largely unexplored. Pollen germination is the critical first step toward fertilization in flowering plants. It is metabolically demanding and relies on high levels of cytoplasmic reorganization activities to support a dramatic morphological transformation that underlies the development of a pollen tube as the conduit to deliver sperm for fertilization. The role of autophagy in this process remains unclear. Here we provide evidence that pollen germination is accompanied by elevated autophagic activity and successful pollen tube emergence depends on autophagy-mediated cytoplasmic deletion. Genetic and cytological experiments demonstrate that inhibition of autophagy prevents pollen germination while induces the persistence of a layer of undegraded cytoplasm at the germination aperture. Together, these results unveil a novel compartmentalized autophagy. Furthermore, high-throughput comparative lipidomic analyses show that suppressed autophagy-induced inhibition of pollen germination is accompanied by altered profiles of stored and signaling lipids. Proteomic analyses reveal that autophagy likely exert its role in pollen germination via downstream mitochondria-related pathways. These findings reveal a critical role for autophagy in initiating pollen germination and provide evidences for compartmental cytoplasmic deletion being crucial for male fertility. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ATG: autophagy-related gene; Cer: ceramide; CL: cardiolipin; Con A: concanamycin A; DAG: diradylglycerol; GO: gene ontology; HAG: hour after germination; LC-MS: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; MAG: min after germination; MDC: monodansylcadaverine; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PI: phosphatidylinositol; PLD: phospholipase D; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RT-qPCR: quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR; TAG: triradylglycerol; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TMT: tandem mass tagging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Alice Y. Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Plant Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Eshkiki EM, Hajiahmadi Z, Abedi A, Kordrostami M, Jacquard C. In Silico Analyses of Autophagy-Related Genes in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) under Different Abiotic Stresses and in Various Tissues. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101393. [PMID: 33092180 PMCID: PMC7594038 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The autophagy-related genes (ATGs) play important roles in plant growth and response to environmental stresses. Brassica napus (B. napus) is among the most important oilseed crops, but ATGs are largely unknown in this species. Therefore, a genome-wide analysis of the B. napus ATG gene family (BnATGs) was performed. One hundred and twenty-seven ATGs were determined due to the B. napus genome, which belongs to 20 main groups. Segmental duplication occurred more than the tandem duplication in BnATGs. Ka/Ks for the most duplicated pair genes were less than one, which indicated that the negative selection occurred to maintain their function during the evolution of B. napus plants. Based on the results, BnATGs are involved in various developmental processes and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. One hundred and seven miRNA molecules are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of 41 BnATGs. In general, 127 simple sequence repeat marker (SSR) loci were also detected in BnATGs. Based on the RNA-seq data, the highest expression in root and silique was related to BnVTI12e, while in shoot and seed, it was BnATG8p. The expression patterns of the most BnATGs were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated responding to dehydration, salinity, abscisic acid, and cold. This research provides information that can detect candidate genes for genetic manipulation in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mehri Eshkiki
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran P.O. Box 19395-4697, Iran;
| | - Zahra Hajiahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht P.O. Box 41635-1314, Iran; (Z.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Amin Abedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht P.O. Box 41635-1314, Iran; (Z.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Mojtaba Kordrostami
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj P.O. Box 31485498, Iran;
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Resistance Induction and Bioprotection of Plants Unit (RIBP)—EA4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, CEDEX 2, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-26-91-34-36
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Genome-Wide Identification of CsATGs in Tea Plant and the Involvement of CsATG8e in Nitrogen Utilization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197043. [PMID: 32987963 PMCID: PMC7583067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a macroelement with an indispensable role in the growth and development of plants, and tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is an evergreen perennial woody species with young shoots for harvest. During senescence or upon N stress, autophagy has been shown to be induced in leaves, involving a variety of autophagy-related genes (ATGs), which have not been characterized in tea plant yet. In this study, a genome-wide survey in tea plant genome identified a total of 80 Camellia Sinensis autophagy-related genes, CsATGs. The expression of CsATG8s in the tea plant showed an obvious increase from S1 (stage 1) to S4 (stage 4), especially for CsATG8e. The expression levels of AtATGs (Arabidopsis thaliana) and genes involved in N transport and assimilation were greatly improved in CsATG8e-overexpressed Arabidopsis. Compared with wild type, the overexpression plants showed earlier bolting, an increase in amino N content, as well as a decrease in biomass and the levels of N, phosphorus and potassium. However, the N level was found significantly higher in APER (aerial part excluding rosette) in the overexpression plants relative to wild type. All these results demonstrated a convincing function of CsATG8e in N remobilization and plant development, indicating CsATG8e as a potential gene for modifying plant nutrient utilization.
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Autophagy Dances with Phytohormones upon Multiple Stresses. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9081038. [PMID: 32824209 PMCID: PMC7463709 DOI: 10.3390/plants9081038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process for turning over unwanted cellular components, thus promoting nutrient recycling and maintaining cellular homeostasis, which eventually enables plants to survive unfavorable growth conditions. In addition to plant growth and development, previous studies have demonstrated that autophagy is involved in the responses to various environmental challenges through interplaying with multiple phytohormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA). In this review, we summarize the advances made in their synergistic interactions in response to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses; we also discuss the remaining issues and perspectives regarding their crosstalk.
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Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy in Plants. Trends Genet 2020; 36:676-688. [PMID: 32674948 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly conserved quality control mechanism, is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and healthy growth of plants. Compared with extensive research in the cytoplasmic control of autophagy, studies regarding the nuclear events involved in the regulation of plant autophagy are just beginning to emerge. Accumulating evidence reveals a coordinated expression of plant autophagy genes in response to diverse developmental states and growth conditions. Here, we summarize recent progress in the identification of tightly controlled transcription factors and histone marks associated with the autophagic process in plants, and propose several modules, consisting of transcription regulators and epigenetic modifiers, as important nuclear players that could contribute to both short-term and long-term controls of plant autophagy at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
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Bu F, Yang M, Guo X, Huang W, Chen L. Multiple Functions of ATG8 Family Proteins in Plant Autophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:466. [PMID: 32596242 PMCID: PMC7301642 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major degradation process of cytoplasmic components in eukaryotes, and executes both bulk and selective degradation of targeted cargos. A set of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins participate in various stages of the autophagic process. Among ATGs, ubiquitin-like protein ATG8 plays a central role in autophagy. The ATG8 protein is conjugated to the membrane lipid phosphatidylethanolamine in a ubiquitin-like conjugation reaction that is essential for autophagosome formation. In addition, ATG8 interacts with various adaptor/receptor proteins to recruit specific cargos for degradation by selective autophagy. The ATG8-interacting proteins usually contain the ATG8-interacting motif (AIM) or the ubiquitin-interacting motif (UIM) for ATG8 binding. Unlike a single ATG8 gene in yeast, multiple ATG8 orthologs have been identified in the plant kingdom. The large diversity within the ATG8 family may explain the various functions of selective autophagy in plants. Here, we discuss and summarize the current view of the structure and function of ATG8 proteins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingkang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Huang X, Chen S, Yang X, Yang X, Zhang T, Zhou G. Friend or Enemy: A Dual Role of Autophagy in Plant Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:736. [PMID: 32373106 PMCID: PMC7186577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a primary protective process that involves removing damaged organelles or dysfunctional proteins in eukaryotes. The autophagy pathway not only maintains cellular homeostasis, but also modulates the host's cellular response to pathogen infection. Several studies proved that autophagy plays a dominant role in plant fitness and immunity. As intracellular parasites, the replication and spread of viruses entirely rely upon the molecular machinery of the host cell, including the autophagy process. Plant viruses severely affect crop yields and quality. During infection, complex interactions occur between viral proteins and host factors in relation to plant defense and virus counter-defense. An increasing number of studies demonstrated that plants use autophagy to eliminate and inhibit viruses; some viruses were shown to manipulate the process of autophagy to promote their own replication and survival in plant cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in plant autophagy, with an emphasis on the role of autophagy in plant virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siping Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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41
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Comprehensive Analysis of Autophagy-Related Genes in Sweet Orange ( Citrus sinensis) Highlights Their Roles in Response to Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082699. [PMID: 32295035 PMCID: PMC7215763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway that breaks down damaged macromolecules and/or organelles. It is involved in plant development and senescence, as well as in biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the autophagy process and related genes are largely unknown in citrus. In this study, we identified 35 autophagy-related genes (CsATGs—autophagy-related genes (ATGs) of Citrus sinensis, Cs) in a genome-wide manner from sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Bioinformatic analysis showed that these CsATGs were highly similar to Arabidopsis ATGs in both sequence and phylogeny. All the CsATGs were randomly distributed on nine known (28 genes) and one unknown (7 genes) chromosomes. Ten CsATGs were predicted to be segmental duplications. Expression patterns suggested that most of the CsATG were significantly up- or down-regulated in response to drought; cold; heat; salt; mannitol; and excess manganese, copper, and cadmium stresses. In addition, two ATG18 members, CsATG18a and CsATG18b, were cloned from sweet orange and ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis. The CsATG18a and CsATG18b transgenic plants showed enhanced tolerance to osmotic stress, salt, as well as drought (CsATG18a) or cold (CsATG18b), compared to wild-type plants. These results highlight the essential roles of CsATG genes in abiotic stresses.
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42
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Villano C, D’Amelia V, Esposito S, Adelfi MG, Contaldi F, Ferracane R, Vitaglione P, Aversano R, Carputo D. Genome-Wide HMG Family Investigation and Its Role in Glycoalkaloid Accumulation in Wild Tuber-Bearing Solanum commersonii. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10040037. [PMID: 32290207 PMCID: PMC7235733 DOI: 10.3390/life10040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are a class of nitrogen-containing glycosides occurring in several plant families and biosynthesized through a specific pathway. HMG-CoA reductase is the first enzyme of this pathway, and its transcription can be regulated by biotic and abiotic stressors and even in a tissue-specific manner. This study aimed to characterize the HMG genes family in a tuber-bearing potato species, Solanum commersonii, using transcriptional and functional approaches. Our results provided evidence that four ScHMGs with different tissue-specificities represent the HMG gene family in S. commersonii and that they originated from ScHMG1 through segmental duplications. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that ScHMG1 is the direct ortholog of AtHMG1, which is associated with SGAs accumulation in plants. Its overexpression in S. commersonii revealed that this gene plays a key role in the accumulation of glycoalkaloids regulating the production of dehydrocommersonine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clizia Villano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy; (C.V.); (M.G.A.); (R.F.); (P.V.); (D.C.)
| | - Vincenzo D’Amelia
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Esposito
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, SA, Italy; (S.E.); (F.C.)
| | - Maria Grazia Adelfi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy; (C.V.); (M.G.A.); (R.F.); (P.V.); (D.C.)
| | - Felice Contaldi
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, SA, Italy; (S.E.); (F.C.)
| | - Rosalia Ferracane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy; (C.V.); (M.G.A.); (R.F.); (P.V.); (D.C.)
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy; (C.V.); (M.G.A.); (R.F.); (P.V.); (D.C.)
| | - Riccardo Aversano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy; (C.V.); (M.G.A.); (R.F.); (P.V.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy; (C.V.); (M.G.A.); (R.F.); (P.V.); (D.C.)
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Wang XR, Kurtti TJ, Oliver JD, Munderloh UG. The identification of tick autophagy-related genes in Ixodes scapularis responding to amino acid starvation. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101402. [PMID: 32035896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods and must tolerate starvation during off-host periods. Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a well-conserved self-eating mechanism of cell survival and is essential for recycling cellular contents during periods of starvation, stress, and injury in organisms. Although the genome sequence of Ixodes scapularis (Say) is available, the characteristics and functions of autophagy-related gene families remain largely unknown. To advance our understanding of autophagy in I. scapularis, we used comprehensive genomic approaches to identify Atg genes. Homologues of 14 Atg genes were identified, and their protein motif compositions were predicted. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that ATGs in I. scapularis were evolutionarily closely related to their homologues in Haemaphysalis longicornis and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. Expression patterns of Atg genes differed across tick developmental stages. Immunofluorescence results by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining indicated that autophagy was activated after amino acid starvation treatments in I. scapularis embryo-derived cell lines ISE6 and IDE8. Subsequently, the expression of key Atg genes involved in autophagy pathway in both cell lines were examined. In ISE6 cells, the expression levels of three Atg genes (Atg4B, Atg6 and Atg8A) increased significantly after amino acid starvation; similarly, four Atg genes (Atg4A, Atg4B, Atg6 and Atg8B) were upregulated in IDE8 cells in response to starvation. In parallel, the MDC and lysotracker staining results indicated that autophagy was triggered after amino acid starvation treatments in R. microplus embryo-derived cell line BME26. Our observations showed that Atg family genes are highly conserved in ticks and function in autophagy pathway induced by amino acid starvation. These results also provide valuable insight for further autophagy-related research as a new strategy for blocking the transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ru Wang
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Timothy J Kurtti
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan D Oliver
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Han B, Xu H, Feng Y, Xu W, Cui Q, Liu A. Genomic Characterization and Expressional Profiles of Autophagy-Related Genes ( ATGs) in Oilseed Crop Castor Bean ( Ricinus communis L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E562. [PMID: 31952322 PMCID: PMC7013546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular autophagy is a widely-occurring conserved process for turning over damaged organelles or recycling cytoplasmic contents in cells. Although autophagy-related genes (ATGs) have been broadly identified from many plants, little is known about the potential function of autophagy in mediating plant growth and development, particularly in recycling cytoplasmic contents during seed development and germination. Castor bean (Ricinus communis) is one of the most important inedible oilseed crops. Its mature seed has a persistent and large endosperm with a hard and lignified seed coat, and is considered a model system for studying seed biology. Here, a total of 34 RcATG genes were identified in the castor bean genome and their sequence structures were characterized. The expressional profiles of these RcATGs were examined using RNA-seq and real-time PCR in a variety of tissues. In particular, we found that most RcATGs were significantly up-regulated in the later stage of seed coat development, tightly associated with the lignification of cell wall tissues. During seed germination, the expression patterns of most RcATGs were associated with the decomposition of storage oils. Furthermore, we observed by electron microscopy that the lipid droplets were directly swallowed by the vacuoles, suggesting that autophagy directly participates in mediating the decomposition of lipid droplets via the microlipophagy pathway in germinating castor bean seeds. This study provides novel insights into understanding the potential function of autophagy in mediating seed development and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; (B.H.); (W.X.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yingting Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; (B.H.); (W.X.)
| | - Qinghua Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in Southwest Mountains of China, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650201, China
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Fan T, Yang W, Zeng X, Xu X, Xu Y, Fan X, Luo M, Tian C, Xia K, Zhang M. A Rice Autophagy Gene OsATG8b Is Involved in Nitrogen Remobilization and Control of Grain Quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:588. [PMID: 32582228 PMCID: PMC7287119 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing nitrogen (N) use efficiency is a potential way to reduce excessive nitrogen application and increase yield. Autophagy is a conserved degradation system in the evolution of eukaryotic cells and plays an important role in plant development and stress response. Autophagic cores have two conjugation pathways that attach the product of autophagy-related gene 8 (ATG8) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and ATG5 to ATG12, respectively, which then help with vesicle elongation and enclosure. Rice has six ATG8 genes, which have not been functionally confirmed so far. We identified the rice gene OsATG8b and characterized its role in N remobilization to affect grain quality by generating transgenic plants with its over-expression and knockdown. Our study confirmed the autophagy activity of OsATG8b through the complementation of the yeast autophagy-defective mutant scatg8 and by observation of autophagosome formation in rice. The autophagy activity is higher in OsATG8b-OE lines and lower in OsATG8b-RNAi than that in wild type (ZH11). 15N pulse-chase analysis revealed that OsATG8b-OE plants conferred higher N recycling efficiency to grains, while OsATG8b-RNAi transgenic plants exhibited lower N recycling efficiency and poorer grain quality. The autophagic role of OsATG8b was experimentally confirmed, and it was concluded that OsATG8b-mediated autophagy is involved in N recycling to grains and contributes to the grain quality, indicating that OsATG8b may be a potential gene for molecular breeding and cultivation of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlan Xu
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changen Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuaifei Xia
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyong Zhang
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Mingyong Zhang,
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Cao J, Zhang M, Zhu M, He L, Xiao J, Li X, Yuan M. Autophagy-Like Cell Death Regulates Hydrogen Peroxide and Calcium Ion Distribution in Xa3/Xa26-Mediated Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010194. [PMID: 31892124 PMCID: PMC6981989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The broad-spectrum and durable resistance gene Xa3/Xa26 against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) has been widely exploited in rice production in China. But the cytological features of the Xa3/Xa26-mediated resistance reaction have been rarely reported. This study reveals the cytological characteristics of the Xa3/Xa26-mediated resistance reaction against Xoo to uncover the functions of hypersensitive response programmed cell death (HR-PCD) in rice. Autophagy-like cell death, which was characterized by double-membrane bodies appearance in xylem parenchyma cell and mesophyll cell, was inhibited by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenin (3-MA). The autophagy-related genes were induced to reach a high level in resistance reaction. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) maintained a low concentration on the plasma membrane. The calcium ions localized on the apoplast were transferred into the vacuole. The autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) impaired Xa3/Xa26-mediated resistance by promoting the accumulation of H2O2, and inhibited the transfer of extracellular calcium ions into the vacuole in the xylem parenchyma cells and mesophyll cells. Therefore, the HR-PCD belongs to autophagy-like cell death in the Xa3/Xa26-mediated resistance reaction. These results suggest that the autophagy-like cell death participates in the Xa3/Xa26-mediated resistance by negatively regulating H2O2 accumulation, in order to abolish oxidative stress and possibly activate calcium ion signals in xylem parenchyma cells of the rice leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (J.X.); (X.L.)
- Public Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (M.Y.); Tel.: +86-27-8728-2466 (J.C. & M.Y.)
| | - Meng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (J.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (J.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Limin He
- Public Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (J.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (J.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (J.X.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (M.Y.); Tel.: +86-27-8728-2466 (J.C. & M.Y.)
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Li B, Liu G, Wang Y, Wei Y, Shi H. Overexpression of Banana ATG8f Modulates Drought Stress Resistance in Arabidopsis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120814. [PMID: 31810306 PMCID: PMC6995610 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for plant growth, development, and stress resistance. However, the involvement of banana autophagy-related genes in drought stress response and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. In this study, we found that the transcripts of 10 banana ATG8s responded to drought stress in different ways, and MaATG8f with the highest transcript in response to drought stress among them was chosen for functional analysis. Overexpression of MaATG8f improved drought stress resistance in Arabidopsis, with lower malonaldehyde level and higher level of assimilation rate. On the one hand, overexpression of MaATG8f activated the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase under drought stress conditions, so as to regulate reactive oxygen species accumulation. On the other hand, MaATG8f-overexpressing lines exhibited higher endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level and more sensitivity to abscisic acid. Notably, the autophagosomes as visualized by CaMV35S::GFP–MaATG8f was activated after ABA treatment. Taken together, overexpression of MaATG8f positively regulated plant drought stress resistance through modulating reactive oxygen species metabolism, abscisic acid biosynthesis, and autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Guoyin Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.L.); (G.L.)
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Yuqi Wang
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.L.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (H.S.); Tel.: +86-898-6616-0721 (Y.W. & H.S.)
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.L.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (H.S.); Tel.: +86-898-6616-0721 (Y.W. & H.S.)
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Dündar G, Shao Z, Higashitani N, Kikuta M, Izumi M, Higashitani A. Autophagy mitigates high-temperature injury in pollen development of Arabidopsis thaliana. Dev Biol 2019; 456:190-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Chen Q, Shinozaki D, Luo J, Pottier M, Havé M, Marmagne A, Reisdorf-Cren M, Chardon F, Thomine S, Yoshimoto K, Masclaux-Daubresse C. Autophagy and Nutrients Management in Plants. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111426. [PMID: 31726766 PMCID: PMC6912637 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient recycling and mobilization from organ to organ all along the plant lifespan is essential for plant survival under changing environments. Nutrient remobilization to the seeds is also essential for good seed production. In this review, we summarize the recent advances made to understand how plants manage nutrient remobilization from senescing organs to sink tissues and what is the contribution of autophagy in this process. Plant engineering manipulating autophagy for better yield and plant tolerance to stresses will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwu Chen
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (Q.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.); (A.M.); (M.R.-C.); (F.C.)
| | - Daiki Shinozaki
- Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan; (D.S.); (K.Y.)
- Life Science Program, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Jie Luo
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (Q.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.); (A.M.); (M.R.-C.); (F.C.)
| | - Mathieu Pottier
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Marien Havé
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (Q.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.); (A.M.); (M.R.-C.); (F.C.)
| | - Anne Marmagne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (Q.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.); (A.M.); (M.R.-C.); (F.C.)
| | - Michèle Reisdorf-Cren
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (Q.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.); (A.M.); (M.R.-C.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabien Chardon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (Q.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.); (A.M.); (M.R.-C.); (F.C.)
| | - Sébastien Thomine
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Kohki Yoshimoto
- Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan; (D.S.); (K.Y.)
- Life Science Program, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (Q.C.); (J.L.); (M.H.); (A.M.); (M.R.-C.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-13083-3088
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50
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OsATG8c-Mediated Increased Autophagy Regulates the Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194956. [PMID: 31597279 PMCID: PMC6801700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a conserved pathway in eukaryotes, degrades and recycles cellular components, thus playing an important role in nitrogen (N) remobilization. N plays an important role in the growth and development of plants, which also affects plant yield and quality. In this research, it was found that the transcriptional level of a core autophagy gene of rice (Oryza sativa), OsATG8c, was increased during N starvation conditions. It was found that the overexpression of OsATG8c significantly enhanced the activity of autophagy and that the number of autophagosomes, dwarfed the plant height and increased the effective tillers’ number and yield. The nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) significantly increased in the transgenic rice under both optimal and suboptimal N conditions. Based on our results, OsATG8c is considered to be a good candidate gene for increasing NUE, especially under suboptimal field conditions.
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