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Peng D, Wang A, Shi W, Lin L. Pentacyclic triterpenes, potential novel therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2024:10.1007/s12272-024-01510-4. [PMID: 39048758 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) involve dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels and have become major health concerns worldwide. Multiple mechanisms may be involved in the occurrence and development of CVDs. Although therapies for CVDs are constantly being developed and applied, the incidence and mortality of CVDs remain high. The roles of natural compounds in CVD treatment are being explored, providing new approaches for the treatment of CVD. Pentacyclic triterpenes are natural compounds with a basic nucleus of 30 carbon atoms, and they have been widely studied for their potential applications in the treatment of CVDs, to which various pharmacological activities contribute, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. This review introduces the roles of triterpenoids in the prevention and treatment of CVDs, summarizes their potential underlying mechanisms, and provides a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic potential of triterpenoids in the management of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Peng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Aizan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Reisinger M, Kachel M, George I. Emerging and Re-Emerging Pathogens in Valvular Infective Endocarditis: A Review. Pathogens 2024; 13:543. [PMID: 39057770 PMCID: PMC11279809 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a microbial infection of the endocardial surface, most commonly affecting native and prosthetic valves of the heart. The epidemiology and etiology of the disease have evolved significantly over the last decades. With a growing elderly population, the incidence of degenerative valvopathies and the use of prosthetic heart valves have increased, becoming the most important predisposing risk factors. This change in the epidemiology has caused a shift in the underlying microbiology of the disease, with Staphylococci overtaking Streptococci as the main causative pathogens. Other rarer microbes, including Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Coxiella burnetti and Brucella, have also emerged or re-emerged. Valvular IE caused by these pathogens, especially Staphylococcus aureus, is often associated with a severe clinical course, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and management are crucial. Due to the high virulence of these pathogens and an increased incidence of antimicrobial resistances, surgical valve repair or replacement is often necessary. As the epidemiology and etiology of valvular IE continue to evolve, the diagnostic methods and therapies need to be progressively advanced to ensure satisfactory clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Reisinger
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic & Vascular Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mateusz Kachel
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic & Vascular Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, American Heart of Poland, 40-028 Katowice, Poland
| | - Isaac George
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic & Vascular Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Dobreva-Yatseva B, Nikolov F, Raycheva R, Tokmakova M. Infective Endocarditis-Characteristics and Prognosis According to the Affected Valves. Microorganisms 2024; 12:987. [PMID: 38792816 PMCID: PMC11123953 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis (IE) continues to be a disease with high mortality despite medical advances. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of IE according to the affected valves. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was retrospective and single-centered, and it included 270 patients with a diagnosis of IE, for the period 2005-2021, who received treatment at the University Hospital "St. Georgi" in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. RESULTS Single-valve IE (SIE) was found in 82.6% (n-223), multivalvular IE (MIE) in 16.66% (n = 45) and device IE (CDRIE) in 0.74% (n = 2) of patients. The most commonly affected valve was the aortic valve, in 44.8% (n = 121). The predominant multivalvular involvement was aortic-mitral valves (AV-MV) (13.7%, n = 37). The patients with tricuspid valve (TV) IE were significantly younger, at 39 (30) years, and were more frequently male (80.8%). Mortality was higher in MIE than in SIE (31.1% vs. 23.8%) and was the highest in multivalve aortic-tricuspid (AV-TV) IE (75%). Early surgery was performed most in AV-MV IE, in 29.7% (n = 11). The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was significantly higher in MV 4 (4) and AV 3 (3) vs. TV IE 1 (5) (p = 0.048 and p = 0.011, respectively). Septic shock occurred most frequently in AV-TV involvement (75%; p = 0.0001). The most common causative agents were of the Staphylococcus group. Staphylococcus aureus more often affected TV alone (46.2%, n = 124) vs. AV (9.9%, n = 14; p = 0.0001) and vs. MV (22.6%, n = 17; p = 0.022); Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (CNG) was the prevalent cause of MV IE (22.7%, n = 17) vs. AV-MV (2.7%, n = 1; p = 0.007). Streptococci were represented in a low percentage and only in left-sided IE, more frequently in AV-MV (18.9%, n = 7) vs. AV (6.6%, n = 8; p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS The aortic valve is the most frequently affected valve, as single-valve IE or as multivalve AV-MV, with the predominant causative agents being of the Staphylococcus group. AV-TV IE has the worst prognosis, with the most common complication of septic shock and the highest in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bistra Dobreva-Yatseva
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Cardiology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University—Plovdiv, UMBAL “St. Georgi” EAD, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (F.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Fedya Nikolov
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Cardiology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University—Plovdiv, UMBAL “St. Georgi” EAD, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (F.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Ralitsa Raycheva
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University—Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Mariya Tokmakova
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Cardiology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University—Plovdiv, UMBAL “St. Georgi” EAD, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (F.N.); (M.T.)
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Varela-Barca L, López-Menéndez J. Perioperative risk stratification scores in infective endocarditis and its usefulness. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 40:47-60. [PMID: 38827549 PMCID: PMC11139811 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-023-01644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis continues to represent a serious disease worldwide with high morbidity and mortality rates despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. Risk assessment plays a pivotal role in determining the appropriate course of treatment for patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis. In this context, specific endocarditis risk scores have been developed trying to help in the risk assessment process. During the last 15 years, 19 specific endocarditis scores have been published. These newly created scores are very heterogenous in their characteristics, factors included, and validation strategies. The purpose of this review is to analyze the published specific infective endocarditis risk scores and discuss their advantages, limitations, and usefulness. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12055-023-01644-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Varela-Barca
- Cardiac Surgery Department, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose López-Menéndez
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Ashraf H, Nadeem ZA, Ashfaq H, Ahmed S, Ashraf A, Nashwan AJ. Mortality patterns in older adults with infective endocarditis in the US: A retrospective analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102455. [PMID: 38342352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective Endocarditis (IE) has become a significant cause of morbidity and mortality over the last two decades. Despite management advancements, mortality trends in the USA's geriatric population are unexplored. The aim of this study was to assess the trends and regional differences in IE related mortality among geriatric patients in the USA. METHODS We analyzed death certificates sourced from the CDC WONDER database spanning 1999 to 2020. The research targeted individuals aged 65 and older. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 and annual percent change (APC), along with 95% CI, were calculated through joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS From 1999 to 2020, infective endocarditis caused 222,573 deaths, showing a declining trend (APC: -0.8361). Males had higher AAMR (26.8) than females (22.2). NH White had the highest AAMR (25.8), followed by NH American Indians or Alaska Natives (19.6). Geographically, the Midwest had the highest AAMR (27.4), followed by the Northeast (25.8). Rural areas consistently had higher AAMRs (26.6) than urban areas (23.6), while 80.16% of deaths occurring in urban settings. North Dakota, Nebraska, and Montana had the highest state AAMRs, approximately double than the states with the lowest mortality rates: Mississippi, Hawaii, California, and Massachusetts. Those aged 85 and above accounted for 42.9% of deaths. CONCLUSION IE mortality exhibited a clear pattern: rising till 2004, declining from 2004 to 2018, and increasing again till 2020. Key risk factors were male gender, Midwest residence, NH White ethnicity, and age ≥85.Targeted interventions are essential to reduce IE mortality, especially among vulnerable older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ashraf
- Department of Cardiology, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ali Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Pakistan
| | - Haider Ashfaq
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Pakistan
| | - Sophia Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Pakistan
| | - Ali Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, Punjab Medical College, Pakistan
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Santos DAM, Siciliano RF, Besen BAMP, Strabelli TMV, Sambo CT, Milczwski VDM, Goldemberg F, Tarasoutchi F, Vieira MLC, Paixão MR, Gualandro DM, Accorsi TAD, Pomerantzeff PMA, Mansur AJ. Changing trends in clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality of patients with infective endocarditis over four decades. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:712-718. [PMID: 38484416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis continues to be a significant concern and may be undergoing an epidemiological transition. METHODS Were studied 1804 consecutive episodes of infective endocarditis between 1978 and 2022. The mean age was 48 ( ± 19), and 1162 (64%) patients were male. Temporal trends in demographic data, comorbidities, predisposing conditions, microorganisms, complications and in-hospital death have been studied over the decades (1978-1988, 1989-1999, 2000-2010 and 2011-2022). The outcomes and clinical characteristics were modeled using nonlinear cubic spline functions. FINDINGS Valve surgery was performed in 50% of the patients and overall in-hospital mortality was 30%. From the first to the fourth decade studied, the average age of patients increased from 29 to 57 years (p < 0.001), with significant declines in the occurrence of rheumatic valvular heart disease (15% to 6%; p < 0.001) and streptococcal infections (46% to 33%; p < 0.001). Healthcare-associated infections have increased (9% to 21%; p < 0.001), as have prosthetic valve endocarditis (26% to 53%; p < 0.001), coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections (4% to 11%; p < 0.001), and related-complications (heart failure, embolic events, and perivalvular abscess; p < 0.001). These changes were associated with a decline in adjusted in-hospital mortality from 34% to 25% (p = 0.019). INTERPRETATION In the 44 years studied, there was an increase in the mean age of patients, healthcare-related, prosthetic valve, coagulase-negative staphylococci/MRSA infections, and related complications. Notably, these epidemiological changes were associated with a decline in the adjusted in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Augusto Medeiros Santos
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor) do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rinaldo Focaccia Siciliano
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor) do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tania Mara Varejão Strabelli
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor) do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Trevelin Sambo
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor) do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor de Medeiros Milczwski
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor) do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flora Goldemberg
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor) do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio Tarasoutchi
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor) do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Luiz Campos Vieira
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor) do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Ribeiro Paixão
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor) do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle Menosi Gualandro
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor) do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tarso Augusto Duenhas Accorsi
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor) do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pablo Maria Alberto Pomerantzeff
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor) do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alfredo José Mansur
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor) do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Becker JB, Moisés VA, Guerra-Martín MD, Barbosa DA. Epidemiological differences, clinical aspects, and short-term prognosis of patients with healthcare-associated and community-acquired infective endocarditis. Infect Prev Pract 2024; 6:100343. [PMID: 38371885 PMCID: PMC10874726 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of healthcare-associated infective endocarditis in Brazil is poorly known. Aim To analyze the epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics, and the prognosis of healthcare-associated infective endocarditis (HAIE) compared with community-acquired infective endocarditis (CIE) and identify the associated factors with hospital mortality. Method A historical cohort study was carried out, with a data collection period from January 2009 to December 2019 at the Federal University of São Paulo. Data were collected from medical records of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) hospitalized during the study period. Patients were classified into three groups: CIE, non-nosocomial HAIE (NN-HAIE) and nosocomial HAIE (NHAIE). Results A total of 204 patients with IE were included; of these, 127 (62.3%) were cases of HAIE, of which 83 (40.7%) were NN-HAIE and 44 (21.6%) were NHAIE. Staphylococcus spp. Were the main causative agents, especially in HAIE groups (P<0.001). Streptococcus spp. were more prevalent in the CIE group (P<0.001). In-hospital mortality was 44.6%, with no differences between groups. Independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality were age ≥ 60 years (odds ratio (OR): 6.742), septic shock (OR 5.264), stroke (OR 3.576), heart failure (OR 7.296), and Intensive Care Unit admission (OR 7.768). Conclusion HAIE accounted for most cases in this cohort, with a higher prevalence of non-nosocomial infections. Staphylococcus spp. were the main causative agents. Hospital mortality was high, 44.6%, with no difference between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dulce Aparecida Barbosa
- Federal University of São Paulo, Nursing School, Clinical and Surgical Nursing Department, Brazil
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Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Barone Gibbs B, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Commodore-Mensah Y, Currie ME, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Johansen MC, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Liu J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Perman SM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Tsao CW, Urbut SM, Van Spall HGC, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Palaniappan LP. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2024; 149:e347-e913. [PMID: 38264914 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2024 AHA Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and AHA staff members. The AHA strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional global data, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Mills MT, Calvert P, Lip GYH. Infective endocarditis: Five key developments. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2024:S1050-1738(24)00007-0. [PMID: 38253113 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Mills
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Thomas Drive, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK.
| | - Peter Calvert
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Thomas Drive, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Thomas Drive, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK; Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Miao H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of infective endocarditis: A review. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2024:S1050-1738(24)00001-X. [PMID: 38199513 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis (IE), the burden of IE has remained relatively high over the past decade. With an ageing population and an increasing proportion of healthcare-associated IE, the epidemiology of IE has undergone significant changes. Staphylococcus aureus has evolved as the most common causative microorganism, even in most low- and middle-income countries. Several imaging modalities and novel microbiological tests have emerged to facilitate the diagnosis of IE. Outpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment and oral step-down antibiotic treatment have become new trends for the management of IE. Early surgical intervention, particularly within seven days, should be considered in cases of IE with appropriate surgical indications. We comprehensively review the updated epidemiology, microbiology, diagnosis, and management of IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Miao
- Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Fuwai Hospital, Beilishi Rd. Xicheng District, Beijing 10037, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Fuwai Hospital, Beilishi Rd. Xicheng District, Beijing 10037, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Fuwai Hospital, Beilishi Rd. Xicheng District, Beijing 10037, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Fuwai Hospital, Beilishi Rd. Xicheng District, Beijing 10037, China.
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Dobreva-Yatseva B, Nikolov F, Raycheva R, Botushanova A, Koleva M, Tokmakova M. Diagnostic benefits of 18F-FDG PET/CT in cases of prosthetic infective endocarditis. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2023; 65:849-854. [PMID: 38351771 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.65.e98732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a difficult-to-diagnose provocative disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality. The first-line imaging test for the diagnosis of IE is echocardiography. However, in cases of prosthetic IE or IE associated with intracardiac devices, its sensitivity is limited. A new diagnostic tool, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT), improves diagnosis in these difficult cases. The most recent European guidelines for IE (2015) include this imaging modality as a primary diagnostic criterion. We present a case of culture-negative prosthetic IE diagnosed with 18F-FDG PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Koleva
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Calzado S, Hernández-Meneses M, Llopis J, Boix-Palop L, Dietl B, Calbo E, Andrés M, García X, Agustí C, Dorca E, Tricas JM, Díez de Los Ríos J, Cuquet J, Cárdenas A, Roca JM, Ortiz M, Caresia AP, Guillamon L, Quintana E, Ambrosioni J, Gasch O, Miró JM. The hidden side of infective endocarditis: Diagnostic and management of 500 consecutive cases in noncardiac surgery centers (2009-2018). Surgery 2023; 174:602-610. [PMID: 37321885 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to describe infective endocarditis cases from noncardiac surgery centers, as current knowledge on infective endocarditis is derived mostly from cardiac surgery hospitals. METHODS An observational retrospective study (2009-2018) was conducted in 9 noncardiac surgery hospitals in Central Catalonia. All adult patients diagnosed with definitive infective endocarditis were included. Transferred and nontransferred cohorts were compared, and a logistic regression model was used to ascertain the prognostic factors. RESULTS Overall, 502 infective endocarditis episodes were included: 183 (36.5%) were transferred to the cardiac surgery center, whereas 319 were not, with (18.7%) and without (45%) surgical indications. Cardiac surgery was performed in 83% of transferred patients. In-hospital (14% vs 23%) and 1-year (20% vs 35%) mortality rates were significantly lower in transferred patients (P < .001). Among the patients not undergoing cardiac surgery despite an indication, 55 (54%) died within 1 year. The multivariate analysis identified the following independent predictive factors for in-hospital mortality: Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (odds ratio: 1.93 [1.08, 3.47]), heart failure (odds ratio: 3.87 [2.28, 6.57]), central nervous system embolism (odds ratio: 2.95 [1.41, 5.14]), and Charlson score (odds ratio: 1.19 [1.09, 1.30]), whereas community acquisition (odds ratio: 0.52 [0.29, 0.93]), cardiac surgery (odds ratio: 0.42 [0.20, 0.87]), but not transfer (odds ratio: 1.23 [0.84, 3.95]) were identified as protective factors. One-year mortality was associated with S. aureus infective endocarditis (odds ratio: 1.82 [1.04, 3.18]), heart failure (odds ratio: 3.74 [2.27, 6.16]), and Charlson score (odds ratio: 1.23 [1.13, 1.33]), whereas cardiac surgery (odds ratio: 0.41 [0.21, 0.79]) was identified as a protective factor. CONCLUSION Patients not transferred to a referral cardiac surgery center have a worse prognosis compared to those ultimately transferred, as cardiac surgery is associated with lower mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Calzado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Jaume Llopis
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Boix-Palop
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Dietl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Calbo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xelo García
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Agustí
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Sant Celoni, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Dorca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Sant Celoni, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Tricas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fundació Sanitària Mollet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Cuquet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General de Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Cárdenas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Roca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Plató, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Ortiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Plató, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Caresia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Laura Guillamon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Eduard Quintana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ambrosioni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Gasch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.
| | - José M Miró
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Alsaeed A, Alhaddad MJ, AlKhalaf AA, Alkhudair A, Alqannas N. Successful Treatment of Infective Endocarditis With Oral Antibiotics: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e43514. [PMID: 37719561 PMCID: PMC10500962 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious and potentially life-threatening infection of the heart valves. It is commonly treated with prolonged courses of intravenous antibiotics, and in some cases, surgical intervention may also be necessary. While the use of oral antibiotics in the treatment of IE is generally limited, there are select cases where they may be considered as an alternative treatment option. Here, we report a case of staphylococcal right-sided IE successfully treated with oral antibiotics (linezolid and rifampicin). Our case highlights the potential for oral antibiotics to be used as step-down therapy for select patients with IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alsaeed
- Infectious Disease, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU
| | | | | | - Ashraf Alkhudair
- Saud Albabtain Cardiac Center, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU
| | - Naif Alqannas
- Saud Albabtain Cardiac Center, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU
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14
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Brankovic M, Hashemi A, Ansari J, Sharma A. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Valve Infective Endocarditis: A Systematic Review and Call for Action. Cardiol Ther 2023; 12:297-306. [PMID: 37079182 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-023-00314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to systematically analyze the literature on the use of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) to treat active aortic valve infective endocarditis (AV-IE). Surgery is declined in one-third of patients with IE who meet indications because of prohibitive surgical risk. TAVR might be an alternative for selected patients with AV-IE as a bridge-to-surgery or stand-alone therapy. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched (2002-2022) for studies on TAVR use in active AV-IE. Of 450 identified reports, six met inclusion criteria (all men, mean age 71 ± 12 years, median Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score 27, EuroSCORE 56). All patients were prohibitive surgical risk candidates. Five out of six patients had severe, and one patient had moderate aortic regurgitation on presentation. Five out of six patients had prosthetic valve endocarditis after surgical valve replacement 13 years before (median), and one patient had TAVR a year before hospitalization. All patients had cardiogenic shock as the indication for TAVR. Four patients received balloon-expanding, and two patients received self-expanding TAVR after a median of 19 (IQR 9-25) days from diagnosis of IE. No death or myocardial infarction occurred, but one patient had a stroke within the first 30 days. The median event-free time was 9 (IQR 6-14) months including no death, reinfection, relapse IE, or valve-related rehospitalization. Our review suggests that TAVR can be considered as an adjuvant therapy to medical treatment for selected patients in whom surgery is indicated for treatment of acute heart failure due to aortic valve destruction and incompetence caused by infective endocarditis, but who have a prohibitive surgical risk. Nonetheless, a well-designed prospective registry is urgently needed to investigate the outcomes of TAVR for this off-label indication. No evidence exists for using the TAVR to treat infection-related surgical indications such as uncontrolled infection or control of septic embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Brankovic
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Transatlantic Cardiovascular Study Group, Bloomfield, NJ, USA
| | - Ashkan Hashemi
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Julia Ansari
- Department of Cardiology, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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15
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Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Fugar S, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Ho JE, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Levine DA, Liu J, Ma J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Martin SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 147:e93-e621. [PMID: 36695182 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1278] [Impact Index Per Article: 1278.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2023 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2022 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. The American Heart Association strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) publications, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors of Infective Endocarditis in the Elderly: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020296. [PMID: 36836530 PMCID: PMC9966560 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a bacterial infection with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly among the elderly. This systematic review was conducted to determine the clinical characteristics of IE in older adults and the risk factors that could lead to adverse outcomes. The research employed three databases (PubMed, Wiley, and Web of Science), with a primary search for studies that have described cases of IE in patients older than 65 years. From a total of 555 articles, 10 were selected for inclusion in the current study, comprising a total of 2222 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of IE. The primary findings were an increased incidence of staphylococcal and streptococcal infections (33.4% and32.0%, respectively), an increased prevalence of comorbidities, namely, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, and a significantly greater mortality risk than the younger group. Regarding mortality risks, the pooled odds ratio for cardiac disorders was OR = 3.81, septic shock OR = 8.22, renal complications OR = 3.75, and advancing age OR = 3.54 were most frequently mentioned. Taking into consideration the fact that the majority of the elderly population suffers from significant complications and is unable to undergo surgery due to an increased risk of complications after the procedure, it is imperative that effective treatment methods should be investigated.
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17
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Meyers S, Lox M, Kraisin S, Liesenborghs L, Martens CP, Frederix L, Van Bruggen S, Crescente M, Missiakas D, Baatsen P, Vanassche T, Verhamme P, Martinod K. Neutrophils Protect Against Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis Progression Independent of Extracellular Trap Release. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:267-285. [PMID: 36453281 PMCID: PMC9869964 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis (IE) is characterized by an infected thrombus at the heart valves. How bacteria bypass the immune system and cause these thrombi remains unclear. Neutrophils releasing NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps) lie at this interface between host defense and coagulation. We aimed to determine the role of NETs in IE immunothrombosis. METHODS We used a murine model of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in which IE is provoked on inflamed heart valves and characterized IE thrombus content by immunostaining identifying NETs. Antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion and neutrophil-selective PAD4 (peptidylarginine deiminase 4)-knockout mice were used to clarify the role of neutrophils and NETs, respectively. S. aureus mutants deficient in key virulence factors related to immunothrombosis (nucleases or staphylocoagulases) were investigated. RESULTS Neutrophils releasing NETs were present in infected thrombi and within cellular infiltrates in the surrounding vasculature. Neutrophil depletion increased occurrence of IE, whereas neutrophil-selective impairment of NET formation did not alter IE occurrence. Absence of S. aureus nuclease, which degrades NETs, did not affect endocarditis outcome. In contrast, absence of staphylocoagulases (coagulase and von Willebrand factor binding protein) led to improved survival, decreased bacteremia, smaller infiltrates, and decreased tissue destruction. Significantly more NETs were present in these vegetations, which correlated with decreased bacteria and cell death in the adjacent vascular wall. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophils protect against IE independent of NET release. Absence of S. aureus coagulases, but not nucleases, reduced IE severity and increased NET levels. Staphylocoagulase-induced fibrin likely hampers NETs from constraining infection and the resultant tissue damage, a hallmark of valve destruction in IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severien Meyers
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marleen Lox
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sirima Kraisin
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens Liesenborghs
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline P. Martens
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Frederix
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van Bruggen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marilena Crescente
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom (M.C.)
| | | | - Pieter Baatsen
- Electron Microscopy-Platform of the VIB Bio Imaging Core and VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research (P.B.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanassche
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Selitsky L, Racha S, Rastegar D, Olsen Y. Infective endocarditis in people who inject drugs: A scoping review of clinical guidelines. J Hosp Med 2023; 18:169-176. [PMID: 36349984 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) among people who inject drugs (PWID) is rising worldwide. Multiple clinical guidelines differ on the management of this condition, and few guidelines comment on treatment for primary substance use disorder (SUD). A comprehensive comparison of these guidelines is lacking. OBJECTIVES To perform a critical review identifying key differences in clinical guideline recommendations for treating IE among PWID, focusing on the inclusion of recommendations for SUD treatment and the presence of stigmatizing language. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Recently published, English-language, society-developed clinical guidelines for the treatment of IE among PWID. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE PubMed, Google Scholar, and CINAHL Plus databases. CHARTING METHODS In line with Arksey and O'Malley's framework, a scoping review was adapted using Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Two reviewers independently performed database searches for clinical guidelines published between 2007 and 2020 that commented on the management of IE among PWID. RESULTS Ten clinical guidelines were included in the final analysis. Treatment recommendations varied with some societies proposing nonstandard care due to concern for return to drug use. Three guidelines include reference to addiction treatment. Only one guideline specifies the use of opioid agonist therapy for treating opioid use disorder and identifies the benefits of an addiction specialist consultation. Acute withdrawal management is not mentioned in any guideline. All guidelines utilized stigmatizing language to describe PWID. CONCLUSIONS Most guidelines do not address SUD treatment, despite its effectiveness in reducing adverse health outcomes. Future guidelines should address SUD treatment using patient-first language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Selitsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Addiction Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Savitha Racha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Addiction Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Darius Rastegar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Addiction Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yngvild Olsen
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Kobalava ZD, Kotova EO. [Global and national trends in the evolution of infective endocarditis]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2023; 63:3-11. [PMID: 36749195 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2023.1.n2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For the recent 20 years, substantial changes have occurred in all aspects of infectious endocarditis (IE), the evolution of risk factors, modernization of diagnostic methods, therapeutic and preventive approaches. The global trends are characterized by increased IE morbidity among people older than 65 who use intravenous psychoactive drugs. The epidemiological trend is represented by reduced roles of chronic rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart defects, increased proportion of IE associated with medical care, valve replacement, installation of intracardiac devices, and increased contribution of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. to the IE etiology. Additional visualization methods (fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with 18F-fludesoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET-CT), labeled white blood cell single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and modernization of the etiological diagnostic algorithm for determining the true pathogen (immunochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, sequencing) also become increasingly important. The COVID-19 pandemic has also adversely contributed to the IE epidemiology. New prospects of treatment have emerged, such as bacteriophages, lysins, oral antibacterial therapy, minimally invasive surgical strategies (percutaneous mechanical aspiration), endovascular mechanical embolectomy. The physicians' compliance with clinical guidelines (CG) is low, which contributes to the high rate of adverse outcomes of IE, while simple adherence to the CG together with more frequent use of surgical treatment doubles survival. Systematic adherence to CG, timely prevention and implementation of the Endocarditis Team into practice play the decisive role in a favorable prognosis of dynamically changing IE. This article presents the authors' own data that confirm the evolutionary trends of current IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zh D Kobalava
- Russian University of Peoples' Friendship; Vinogradov Municipal Clinical Hospital
| | - E O Kotova
- Russian University of Peoples' Friendship; Vinogradov Municipal Clinical Hospital
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20
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Hammond-Haley M, Hartley A, Al-Khayatt BM, Delago AJ, Ghajar A, Ojha U, Marshall DC, Salciccioli JD, Prendergast BD, Shalhoub J. Trends in the incidence and mortality of infective endocarditis in high-income countries between 1990 and 2019. Int J Cardiol 2023; 371:441-451. [PMID: 36179905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a life-threatening disease with high morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES To describe temporal trends in IE incidence, mortality and survival over the last 30 years. METHODS Nineteen high-income countries (the 'EU 15+') were included. Age-standardised and sex-stratified incidence rates (ASIRs) and mortality rates (ASMRs) for IE were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database between 1990 and 2019, and mortality to incidence ratios (ASMIRs) were calculated. Trends were analysed using Joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS ASIRs were higher in males than females and increased in both sexes in all countries between 1990 and 2019. A recent steep rise in ASIRs was noted in several countries including the UK, the USA and Germany. ASMRs increased for both sexes in all countries except Finland and Austria. The largest increase in ASMR was observed in females in Italy (+246%). ASMIRs were generally higher in females compared to males, with large increases in ASMIRs (indicating worsening survival) at the end of the 20th century, but more recent stabilisation or decline across the study cohort. CONCLUSIONS While the incidence and mortality of IE have increased over the last 30 years, recent data suggest that these trends have plateaued or reversed in most countries studied. However, a recent surge in incidence in several countries (including the USA and UK) is of concern, while unfavourable outcomes in females also merit attention. More encouragingly, this analysis provides the first indication of improving IE survival at population level, supporting recent advances in diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hammond-Haley
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Medical Data Research Collaborative, UK.
| | - Adam Hartley
- Medical Data Research Collaborative, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Becker M Al-Khayatt
- Medical Data Research Collaborative, UK; Department of Cardiology, Croydon University Hospital, 530 London Road, London CR7 7YE, UK
| | - Augustin J Delago
- Medical Data Research Collaborative, UK; Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alireza Ghajar
- Medical Data Research Collaborative, UK; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Utkarsh Ojha
- Medical Data Research Collaborative, UK; Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Dominic C Marshall
- Medical Data Research Collaborative, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Justin D Salciccioli
- Medical Data Research Collaborative, UK; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Joseph Shalhoub
- Medical Data Research Collaborative, UK; Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Vascular Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Global magnitude and temporal trend of mesothelioma burden along with the contribution of occupational asbestos exposure in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 179:103821. [PMID: 36165817 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the burden of mesothelioma with the contribution of occupational asbestos exposure globally provides essential foundations for cancer control, policy decisions and resource allocation. Globally, 34,511 incident cases, 29,251 deaths and 668,104 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of mesothelioma were estimated in 2019. The age-standardized rates of incidence, mortality and DALYs all showed a slightly declining trend over the past 30 years, but the latest absolute number of mesothelioma burden almost doubled since 1990. The burden rate decreased among the population aged under 70 years, but increased among the population aged over 80 years, especially in the High socio-demographic index (SDI) region. The burden rate of mesothelioma attributable to asbestos exposure was positively associated with SDI at the national level. This study depicted a continuous increase in mesothelioma burden globally over the past 30 years. Controlling occupational asbestos exposure will reduce the mesothelioma burden, especially for higher SDI regions.
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Sang S, Chu C, Zhang T, Chen H, Yang X. The global burden of disease attributable to ambient fine particulate matter in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113588. [PMID: 35525115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of the disease burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 across the world is essential for the prevention of related diseases, as well as ambient PM2.5 control. Following the framework and methodology of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) in 2019, the global, regional, and national data on ambient PM2.5-attributable death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and the age-standardized rates of mortality (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) were summarized based on age, gender, year, location and specific diseases. We calculated the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to depict the secular trends of ASMR and ASDR from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, the global ambient PM2.5-related deaths and DALYs were 4,140,970 and 118.2 million, respectively, with 1,702,150 deaths and 47.5 million DALYs for females and 2,438,820 deaths and 70.7 million DALYs for male. In the 13 level-three causes, ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive and pulmonary disease (COPD) were the leading three causes of deaths and DALYs attributable to ambient PM2.5. The number of global deaths and DALYs attributable to ambient PM2.5 has increased by 102.3% and 67.7% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. However, ASMR and ASDR showed little change. In the 13 level-three diseases, ischemic heart disease, stroke, COPD, diabetes mellitus, and lung cancer were the top five contributors to the increase of global deaths or DALYs, among which diabetes mellitus had the fastest increase of ASMR and ASDR, with AAPC of 1.5 (95% CI: 1.43, 1.58) and 2.21 (95% CI: 2.15, 2.27), respectively. The population attributable fractions (PAF) of causes in ASMR or ASDR varied significantly across regions, of which PAF of COPD, stroke and lung cancer were the top three. Regarding the GBD region, high PAF mainly occurred in North Africa and Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia. The age-specific PAFs of ischemic heart disease and stroke deaths and DALYs due to ambient PM2.5 were negatively correlated with age. ASMR and ASDR of overall PM2.5 related-burden showed an inverted "V/U" relationship with the socio-demographic index (SDI). The AAPC of ASMR and ASDR of the overall causes showed a strong negative correlation with SDI in 2019, especially at the SDI larger than 0.5. The deaths and DALYs attributable to ambient PM2.5 continued to increase under the context of population growth and aging. Decision-makers should consider controlling the PM2.5 emission when developing the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Sang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Chu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tongchao Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Li HL, Tromp J, Teramoto K, Tse YK, Yu SY, Lam LY, Li KY, Wu MZ, Ren QW, Wong PF, Cheung CL, To KKW, Tse HF, Lam CSP, Yiu KH. Temporal trends and patterns of infective endocarditis in a Chinese population: A territory-wide study in Hong Kong (2002–2019). THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 22:100417. [PMID: 35257120 PMCID: PMC8897627 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The characteristics of infective endocarditis (IE) in Asians are poorly understood. Therefore, we aim to describe the epidemiological trends and clinical features of IE in Hong Kong. Methods All patients with incident IE from 2002–2019 in a territory-wide clinical database in Hong Kong were identified. We studied the age- and sex-adjusted and one-year mortality of IE between 2002 and 2019 and identified significant contributors to 1-year all-cause death using the attributable fraction. We used propensity score and inverse propensity of treatment weighting to study the association of surgery with mortality. Findings A total of 5139 patients (60.4 ± 18.2years, 37% women) were included. The overall incidence of IE was 4.9 per 100,000 person-year, which did not change over time (P = 0.17). Patients in 2019 were older and more comorbid than those in 2002. The one-year crude mortality rate was 30% in 2002, which did not change significantly over time (P = 0.10). Between 2002 and 2019, the rate of surgery increased and was associated with a 51% risk reduction in 1-year all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio 0.49 [0.28–0.87], P = 0.015). Advanced age (attributable fraction 19%) and comorbidities (attributable fraction 15%) were significant contributors to death. Interpretation The incidence of IE in Hong Kong did not change between 2002 and 2019. Patients with IE in 2019 were older and had more comorbidities than those in 2002. Mortality of IE remains persistently high in Hong Kong. Together, these data can guide public health strategies to improve the outcomes of patients with IE. Funding This work was supported by Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, China [No. SZSM201911020] and HKU-SZH Fund for Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline [No. SZXK2020081].
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Arshad V, Talha KM, Baddour LM. Epidemiology of infective endocarditis: novel aspects in the twenty-first century. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:45-54. [PMID: 35081845 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2031980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The epidemiology of infective endocarditis (IE) in this millennium has changed with emergence of new risk factors and reemergence of others. This, coupled with modifications in national guidelines in the setting of a pandemic, prompted an address of the topic. AREAS COVERED Our goal is to provide a contemporary review of IE epidemiology considering changing incidence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD), cardiac device implantation, and injection drug use (IDU), with SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as the backdrop. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were used to identify studies of interest. EXPERT OPINION Our experience over the past two decades verifies the notion that there is not one 'textbook' profile of IE. Multiple factors have dramatically impacted IE epidemiology, and these factors differ, based, in part on geography. RHD has declined in many areas of the world, whereas implanted cardiovascular devices-related IE has grown exponentially. Perhaps the most influential, at least in areas of the United States, is injection drug use complicating the opioid epidemic. Healthy younger individuals contracting a potentially life-threatening infection has been tragic. In the past year, epidemiological changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic have also occurred. No doubt, changes will characterize IE in the future and serial review of the topic is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verda Arshad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Khawaja M Talha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Larry M Baddour
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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25
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Man J, Zhang T, Yin X, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Yang X, Lu M. Spatiotemporal Trends of Colorectal Cancer Mortality Due to Low Physical Activity and High Body Mass Index From 1990 to 2019: A Global, Regional and National Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:800426. [PMID: 35083251 PMCID: PMC8784601 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.800426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding the spatiotemporal trends of colorectal cancer (CRC) deaths caused by low physical activity (LPA) and high body mass index (BMI) is essential for the prevention and control of CRC. We assessed patterns of LPA and high BMI-induced CRC deaths from 1990 to 2019 at global, regional, and national levels. Methods: Data on CRC deaths due to LPA and high BMI was downloaded from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. We calculated estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to quantify spatiotemporal trends in the CRC age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) due to LPA and high BMI. Results: In 2019, CRC deaths due to LPA and high BMI were estimated as 58.66 thousand and 85.88 thousand, and the corresponding ASMRs were 0.77/100,000 and 1.07/100,000, with EAPCs of−0.39 [95% confidence interval (CI):−0.49,−0.29] and 0.64[95% CI: 0.57, 0.71] from 1990 to 2019 respectively. Since 1990, the ASMR of CRC attributable to LPA and high BMI has been on the rise in many geographic regions, especially in low middle and middle sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. Thirteen countries had a significant downward trend in CRC ASMR attributed to LPA, with EAPCs < −1. And, only 4 countries had a significant downward trend in CRC ASMR attributable to high BMI, with EAPCs < −1. Countries with a higher baseline burden in 1990 and a higher SDI in 2019 had a faster decline in ASMR due to high BMI and LPA. Conclusions: The burden of CRC caused by LPA and high BMI is on the rise in many countries. Countries should adopt a series of measures to control the local prevalence of obesity and LPA in order to reduce disease burden, including CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Man
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongchao Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Li Z, Fang Y, Chen H, Zhang T, Yin X, Man J, Yang X, Lu M. Spatiotemporal trends of the global burden of melanoma in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: Results from the 2019 global burden of disease study. Neoplasia 2022; 24:12-21. [PMID: 34872041 PMCID: PMC8649617 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the latest magnitudes and temporal trends of melanoma burden at the national, regional, and global levels. The data on melanoma incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019 came from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to depict the temporal trends and Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the influential factors of EAPC. From 1990 to 2019, the incident cases of melanoma increased by 170% to 289,950, death increased by 90% to 62,840, and DALYs increased by 67% to 1,707,800 globally. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of melanoma increased globally by an average of 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-1.32], while the age-standardized rates of death and DALYs both declined with the EAPC of -0.27 (95% CI: -0.36 to -0.19) and -0.49 (95% CI: -0.57 to -0.41). In 2019, the highest burden of melanoma was observed in Australasia, followed by high-income North America and Europe regions, which all presented an incremental growth in ASIR. The positive association between the EAPC in ASIR and socio-demographic index (SDI) in 2019 (ρ = 0.600, P < 0.001) suggested that countries with higher SDI have experienced a more rapid increase in ASIR of melanoma. In conclusion, the burden of melanoma is increasing globally but differed greatly across the world. Notably, the high burden areas are facing a continuing increase in incidence, which implies more targeted strategies should be taken for reducing the increasing melanoma burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongchao Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyu Man
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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27
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Marques-Vidal P. Infective endocarditis: a deadly consequence of medical progress? Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 29:1275-1276. [PMID: 34791142 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 46 Rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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