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Holmgren R, Grotta A, Farrants K, Magnusson Hanson LL. Bidirectional associations between workplace bullying and sickness absence due to common mental disorders - a propensity-score matched cohort study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:744. [PMID: 38459468 PMCID: PMC10921817 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between workplace bullying and poor mental health is well-known. However, little is known about the prospective and potentially reciprocal association between workplace bullying and mental health-related sickness absence. This 2-year prospective study examined bidirectional associations between exposure to workplace bullying and sickness absence due to common mental disorders (SA-CMD) while controlling for confounding factors from both work and private life. METHODS The study was based on propensity score-matched samples (N = 3216 and N = 552) from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health, using surveys from years 2012, 2014 and 2016. Self-reported exposure to workplace bullying was linked to registry-based information regarding medically certified SA-CMD (≥ 14 consecutive days). The associations were examined by means of Cox proportional hazards regression and via conditional logistic regression analysis. Hazard ratios and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated. RESULTS Exposure to workplace bullying was associated with an increased risk of incident SA-CMD (HR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0-1.8), after accounting for the influence of job demands, decision authority, previous SA-CMD, as well as other sociodemographic covariates. However, we found no statistically significant association between SA-CMD and subsequent workplace bullying (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.7-1.9). CONCLUSIONS The results support an association between self-reported workplace bullying and SA-CMD, independent of other sociodemographic factors and workplace stressors. Preventing workplace bullying could alleviate a share of the individual and societal burden caused by SA globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Holmgren
- Stress Research Institute, Division of Psychobiology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Alessandra Grotta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden & Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristin Farrants
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda L Magnusson Hanson
- Stress Research Institute, Division of Psychobiology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shiri R, Mattila-Holappa P, Kauppi M, Aalto V, Oksanen T, Ervasti J. How does lowering psychosocial risks influence sickness absence? A prospective cohort study analyzed as a quasi-experiment. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:136-142. [PMID: 38041444 PMCID: PMC10843950 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined how reducing work-related psychosocial stressors affected long-term sickness absence of younger and older employees. METHODS We used data from 43 843 public sector employees in Finland who participated in surveys in 2018 and 2020. We assessed psychosocial factors, such as job demands, job control, work effort, job rewards and worktime control. We obtained sickness absence data from registers for spells longer than 10 consecutive working days. We applied age-specific propensity score weighting and generalized linear models to estimate the effects of changes in psychosocial factors between 2018 and 2020 on sickness absence in 2020. RESULTS Among employees under 50 years, increasing job rewards by 1 SD reduced the risk of sickness absence by 17% [risk ratio (RR) 0.83, 95% CI 0.72-0.96]. Among employees aged 50 years or older, decreasing job demands by 1 SD reduced the risk of sickness absence by 13% (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78-0.98), and increasing job control by 1 SD reduced the risk by 12% (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76-1.01). Changes in efforts and worktime control had no significant associations with sickness absence. CONCLUSIONS Reducing psychosocial stressors can lower the occurrence of long-term sickness absence, but the associations differ by age group. Younger workers benefit more from enhancing job rewards, while older workers benefit more from lowering job demands and increasing job control. To establish the causal impact of psychosocial risk reduction on sickness absence across age groups, future research should employ randomized controlled trials as the methodological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Maarit Kauppi
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Aalto
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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Bezzina A, Austin E, Nguyen H, James C. Workplace Psychosocial Factors and Their Association With Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Workplace Health Saf 2023; 71:578-588. [PMID: 37698343 PMCID: PMC10676046 DOI: 10.1177/21650799231193578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review examines literature regarding the relationship between workplace psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of work disability, resulting in billions of dollars of financial losses. Evidence suggests that workplace psychosocial factors can lead to the development and progression of MSDs. A data search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) from August 2009 to May 2020 inclusive. Other eligibility criteria included studies published in English, conducted on adults within a workplace setting, conducted in developed economies, and were stability-control longitudinal observational studies. Studies were independently screened for eligibility, using COVIDENCE (software for managing and streamlining systematic reviews) and assessed for quality by multiple authors, using the JBI Evidence synthesis tool. From 6,812 studies, 47 articles were included in the final analysis. The most common MSDs investigated were lower back pain, neck and shoulder pain, and upper extremity symptoms and disorders. Included articles identified that psychosocial workplace factors of support, collaboration, job control, and job demands were statistically significantly associated with risk and progression of MSDs. Review of the articles included in this article supports the theory that MSDs have a multifactorial, complex etiology that includes psychosocial factors. Interventions to enhance psychosocial work environment provide opportunities to reduce the risk of MSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Bezzina
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle
- Centre for Resources Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Medicine, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle
| | - Emma Austin
- Drug and Alcohol Clinical Services, Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW Health
| | - Ha Nguyen
- Centre for Work Health and Safety, Department of Customer Service, NSW
| | - Carole James
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney
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Alaie I, Svedberg P, Ropponen A, Narusyte J. Longitudinal trajectories of sickness absence among young adults with a history of depression and anxiety symptoms in Sweden. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:271-279. [PMID: 37437735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are associated with increased risk of sickness absence (SA), yet the developmental patterns of SA remain unclear. We aimed to identify trajectories of SA in young adults with depression and/or anxiety, accounting for sociodemographic and occupational factors. METHODS Longitudinal study of 1445 twin individuals with elevated depressive/anxiety symptoms in late adolescence or young adulthood (age range: 19-30), assessed in Swedish surveys completed in 2005. Through linkage to nationwide registries, individuals were prospectively followed from 2006 to 2018. The outcome included consecutive annual days of SA, which were analyzed using group-based trajectory modeling. Multinomial logistic regression estimating odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) was used to examine associations of age, sex, and educational level with the resulting SA trajectories. RESULTS Four distinct SA trajectories were identified in the total sample: 'high-increasing' (6 %), 'low-increasing' (12 %), 'high-decreasing' (13 %), and 'low-constant' (69 %). Increasing age was associated with higher odds of belonging to the low-increasing trajectory (OR = 1.07, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.12). Women had higher odds of belonging to the low-increasing trajectory (OR = 1.67, 95 % CI = 1.10-2.53), compared with men. Higher education was associated with lower odds of belonging to high-increasing (OR = 0.34, 95 % CI = 0.22-0.54) and high-decreasing (OR = 0.59, 95 % CI = 0.43-0.81) trajectories, compared with lower education. Few differences were observed in analyses stratified by occupational sector. LIMITATIONS Information on potential confounders (e.g., psychiatric comorbidity, work-environment factors) was not available. CONCLUSIONS Among young adults with prior depression/anxiety, close to every fifth showed rising SA trajectories over time. This calls for targeted strategies to improve public mental health already at young ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Alaie
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Pia Svedberg
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annina Ropponen
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jurgita Narusyte
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Liao X, Wang Y, Zeng Q, Wang J, Yang X, Yan W, Wang G, Zeng Y. Is there a bidirectional relationship between workplace bullying and the risk of sickness absence? Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:529-537. [PMID: 37468282 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-108823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to workplace bullying increases the risk of sickness absence. However, the extent and direction of this relationship for different follow-up lengths are not well established. To provide evidence regarding the direction and extent of the relationship between workplace bullying and different durations of sickness absence. We searched nine databases from their inception to 29 November 2022. Multiple independent observers screened the literature, extracted the data and used the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Exposure to assess the methodological quality. The overall effect sizes of odds ratio, relative risk, hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Our meta-analysis demonstrated a 26% increased risk of sick leave among workers exposed to workplace bullying for all follow-up lengths (95% CI 1.18 to 1.35), even after adjusting for confounding factors. Moreover, we found a significant association between long-term sickness absence and a higher likelihood of subsequent exposure to workplace bullying, with a pooled OR of 1.63 (95% CI 1.21 to 2.04). Our study established a bidirectional relationship between workplace bullying and long-term sickness absence, highlighting that it increases the risk of sickness absence at different follow-up lengths among employees who have been bullied. Hence, organisations should be mindful of workers who resume work after prolonged absences due to illness and adopt appropriate management strategies to prevent workplace bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Liao
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinglin Zeng
- Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guofu Wang
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanli Zeng
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Framke E, Alexanderson K, Sørensen JK, Pedersen J, Madsen IEH, Rugulies R, Farrants K. Emotional demands and all-cause and diagnosis-specific long-term sickness absence: a prospective cohort study in Sweden. Eur J Public Health 2023:7152427. [PMID: 37141461 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High emotional demands at work require sustained emotional effort and are associated with adverse health outcomes. We tested whether individuals in occupations with high emotional demands, compared with low demands, had a higher future risk of all-cause long-term sickness absence (LTSA). We further explored whether the risk of LTSA associated with high emotional demands differed by LTSA diagnoses. METHODS We conducted a prospective, nationwide cohort study on the association between emotional demands and LTSA (>30 days) in the workforce in Sweden (n = 3 905 685) during a 7-year follow-up. Using Cox regression, we analyzed sex-stratified risks of all-cause and diagnosis-specific LTSA due to common mental disorders (CMD), musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and all other diagnoses. Multivariable adjusted models included age, birth country, education, living area, family situation and physical work demands. RESULTS Working in emotionally demanding occupations was associated with a higher risk of all-cause LTSA in women [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.88-1.96] and men (HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.21-1.25). In women, the higher risk was similar for LTSA due to CMD, MSD and all other diagnoses (HR of 1.82, 1.92 and 1.93, respectively). In men, risk of LTSA due to CMD was pronounced (HR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.92-2.11), whereas risk of LTSA due to MSD and all other diagnoses was only slightly elevated (HR of 1.13, both outcomes). CONCLUSIONS Workers in occupations with high emotional demands had a higher risk of all-cause LTSA. In women, risk of all-cause and diagnosis-specific LTSA were similar. In men, the risk was more pronounced for LTSA due to CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Framke
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kristina Alexanderson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jacob Pedersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida E H Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Farrants
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Andersen W, Linge AD, Jensen C. What works? A qualitative study of participants experiences of a traditional lifestyle intervention with a work focus. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2022; 17:2116988. [PMID: 36053211 PMCID: PMC9448365 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2116988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Obesity is related to lower labour force participation, increased sickness absence and reduced productivity. The rehabilitation services in Norway have not had much experience introducing a work dimension into lifestyle interventions for persons with obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate one such type of intervention. Methods This is a qualitative study seeking to gather data on the participants’ experiences. Twenty participants were recruited from two lifestyle interventions. Intervention A, with work focus, included lectures and individual guidance from a work consultant in addition to the lifestyle intervention. Intervention B was a traditional lifestyle intervention. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews held at each stay. Results Seven main themes emerged and one of them pointed towards a confusion of the aim of the intervention, which was viewed as focusing on lifestyle rather than a process focused on work. Otherwise, the results showed that persons with obesity struggle with many of the same inhibiting factors as other groups with reduced work ability. Conclusions The application process might explain the focus on lifestyle change. Communication, guidance and support reduce barriers for lifestyle change, but work is important for general health and social well-being and a work focus may therefore be beneficial in all lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wivi Andersen
- The National Advisory Unit on Occupational Rehabilitation, Rauland, Norway
| | - Anita Dyb Linge
- Volda University College, Institute of Social Science, Volda, Norway, and Research and Development Manager, Muritunet Rehabilitation Centre, Norway
| | - Chris Jensen
- The National Advisory Unit on Occupational Rehabilitation, Rauland, Norway
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Farrants K, Alexanderson K. Trajectories of sickness absence and disability pension days among 189,321 white-collar workers in the trade and retail industry; a 7-year longitudinal Swedish cohort study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1592. [PMID: 35987617 PMCID: PMC9392931 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 1) identify different trajectories of annual mean number of sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) days among privately employed white-collar workers in the trade and retail industries and 2) investigate if sociodemographic and work-related characteristics were associated with trajectory membership. METHODS A longitudinal population-based cohort register study of all white-collar workers in the trade and retail industry in 2012 in Sweden (N = 189,321), with SA and DP data for 2010-2016. Group-based trajectory analysis was used to identify groups of individuals who followed similar trajectories of SA/DP days. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine associations between sociodemographic and work-related factors and trajectory membership. RESULTS We identified four trajectories of SA/DP days. Most individuals (73%) belonged to the trajectory with 0 days during all seven years, followed by a trajectory of few days each year (24%). Very small minorities belonged to a trajectory with increasing SA/DP days (1%) or to constantly high SA/DP (2%). Men had a lower risk of belonging to any of the three trajectories with SA/DP than women (OR Low SA/DP 0.42, 95% CI 0.41-0.44; Increasing SA/DP 0.34, 0.30-0.38; High SA/DP 0.33, 0.29-0.37). Individuals in occupations with low job control had a higher risk of belonging to the trajectory High SA/DP (OR low demands/low control 1.51; 95% CI 1.25-1.83; medium demands/low control 1.47, 1.21-1.78; high demands/low control 1.35, 1.13-1.61). CONCLUSION Most white-collar belonged to trajectories with no or low SA/DP. Level of job control was more strongly associated with trajectory memberships than level of job demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Farrants
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Alexanderson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Leite WKDS, Araújo AJDS, da Silva LB, de Souza EL, Silva JMND, Bolis I, Silva MPDOE, Neves RDF, Colaço GA. Sickness absence from work in the footwear industry: A longitudinal study. Work 2022; 72:431-451. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies on illness in the footwear industry have prioritized specific work sectors and diseases. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the main factors related to sickness absence and the indicators of illness in terms of recurrence and workdays lost among workers at a footwear company, ranging from storage of raw material to distribution of the final product. METHODS: A total of 9072 cases of absence from work were investigated in shoe production units from 2014 to 2017. Univariate models estimated the risk of bodily dysfunction (physiological and psychological) and the severity of recurrence and work days lost. RESULTS: (1) Most production units and work sectors were related to one or more affected bodily functions; (2) Neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions and the work sectors of prefabrication; cutting, assembly and finishing; and quality inspection of the final product required a longer recovery time before return to work and had a greater recurrence of leave; and (3) Women seemed to be more affected than men in terms of the reappearance of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Illness differs according to occupational sectors. The production sectors present more serious situations due to physical overload, intense rhythm and concentration, monotony and low autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luiz Bueno da Silva
- Department of Production Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Erivaldo Lopes de Souza
- Department of Production Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Ivan Bolis
- Postgraduate Program in Social Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Robson da Fonseca Neves
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Burr H, Balducci C, Conway PM, Rose U. Workplace Bullying and Long-Term Sickness Absence-A Five-Year Follow-Up Study of 2476 Employees Aged 31 to 60 Years in Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127193. [PMID: 35742441 PMCID: PMC9222956 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to investigate workplace bullying as a risk factor for five-year occurrence of long-term sickness absence (LTSA) in a representative cohort of employees in Germany. Methods: In the German Study on Mental Health at Work (S-MGA) (n = 2476), episodes of long-term sickness absence (LTSA) between baseline and follow-up were assessed in the follow-up interview. Workplace bullying was measured in the baseline interview using a hybrid approach, which combines the behavioural experience and self-labelling methods. Through binomial regressions, the association of baseline level of workplace bullying with first-episode LTSA during follow-up was estimated, adjusting for baseline age, gender, occupational level, smoking status and physical demands at work. Results: Severe bullying heightened the risk for LTSA by approximately 50% (Rate ratio—RR: 1.48, 95% Confidence interval—CI: 1.05; 2.19), while occasional bullying heightened the risk by 15% (RR: 1.15, CI: 0.85; 1.55). When excluding LTSA events occurring in the first 2 years, the associations between bullying and LTSA increased by approximately one third. Conclusions: Workplace bullying seems to be a risk factor for LTSA even when controlling for occupational level, smoking and physical demands at work and when taking possible reverse causality into account. We suggest to investigate effects of LTSA in more settings, to distinguish between occasional and severe bullying and employ longer follow-up intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Burr
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Nöldnerstraße 40-42, 10317 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-030-515-484355
| | - Cristian Balducci
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat, 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paul Maurice Conway
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Uwe Rose
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Nöldnerstraße 40-42, 10317 Berlin, Germany;
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Musculoskeletal pain trajectories of employees working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1891-1901. [PMID: 35674803 PMCID: PMC9175522 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a rapid public health response which included mandatory working from home (WFH) for many employees. This study aimed to identify different trajectories of multisite musculoskeletal pain (MSP) amongst employees WFH during the COVID-19 pandemic and examined the influence of work and non-work factors. Methods Data from 488 participants (113 males, 372 females and 3 other) involved in the Employees Working from Home (EWFH) study, collected in October 2020, April and November 2021 were analysed. Age was categorised as 18–35 years (n = 121), 36–55 years (n = 289) and 56 years and over (n = 78). Growth Mixture Modelling (GMM) was used to identify latent classes with different growth trajectories of MSP. Age, gender, working hours, domestic living arrangements, workstation comfort and location, and psychosocial working conditions were considered predictors of MSP. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression was used to identify work and non-work variables associated with group membership. Results Four trajectories of MSP emerged: high stable (36.5%), mid-decrease (29.7%), low stable (22.3%) and rapid increase (11.5%). Decreased workstation comfort (OR 1.98, CI 1.02, 3.85), quantitative demands (OR 1.68, CI 1.09, 2.58), and influence over work (OR 0.78, CI 0.54, 0.98) was associated with being in the high stable trajectory group compared to low stable. Workstation location (OR 3.86, CI 1.19, 12.52) and quantitative work demands (OR 1.44, CI 1.01, 2.47) was associated with the rapid increase group. Conclusions Findings from this study offer insights into considerations for reducing MSP in employees WFH. Key considerations include the need for a dedicated workstation, attention to workstation comfort, quantitative work demands, and ensuring employees have influence over their work. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00420-022-01885-1.
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Ståhl C, Gustavsson IN, Jonsdottir IH, Akerstrom M. Multilevel, risk group-oriented strategies to decrease sickness absence in the public sector: evaluation of interventions in two regions in Sweden. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1415-1427. [PMID: 35451629 PMCID: PMC9273540 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Sickness absence has been identified as needing to be addressed through multilevel interventions, but knowledge regarding optimal design and implementation of such interventions is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation and effects of a large-scale multilevel intervention in the public sector in Sweden. Methods The overall effect of the intervention was assessed using mixed-effect models. Sickness absence data (before, and 6 or 12 months after the intervention) for 90 intervention groups and 378 reference groups was retrieved from administrative personnel systems from the two participating regional councils. The implementation processes were evaluated using qualitative content analysis of qualitative interviews conducted at two timepoints. Results The results show that the vast majority of implemented measures were on an individual level and the integration of the intervention differed between the two regions. The reception and perception of the intervention activities seem to have been influenced by the implementation process, and how well the interventions were communicated and integrated, both regarding the integration of the different interventions and their integration into the discrete context and existing routines. No short-term overall effects on sickness absence were found. Conclusions The results point to the many challenges in implementing complex interventions, especially where organizational measures are involved—including adequate participation by, and communication between, the involved actors, as well as sufficient resources. The results indicate potential learning effects regarding the awareness of organizational factors in sick leave, after implementing and integrating multilevel strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ståhl
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden. .,HELIX Competence Center, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Isa Norvell Gustavsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ingibjörg H Jonsdottir
- The Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, 413 19, Gothenburg, Sweden.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Akerstrom
- The Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, 413 19, Gothenburg, Sweden.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Do Leadership, Organizational Communication, and Work Environment Impact Employees' Psychosocial Hazards in the Oil and Gas Industry? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084432. [PMID: 35457300 PMCID: PMC9027864 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Workplace hazards can have a significant influence on a worker's physical and mental health, reducing an organization's effectiveness in terms of safety. However, psychosocial hazards are being recognized as a crucial component that must be addressed for the individual's and organization's safety. The purpose of this research was to propose and statistically evaluate a brief theoretical framework based on leadership, organizational communication, work environment, and psychosocial hazards in Malaysia's upstream oil and gas sector. The framework was tested on 380 Malaysian upstream oil and gas workers. The collected data were analyzed using partial least squares and structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The study's findings revealed that in the Malaysian oil and gas industry, leadership, communication, and work environment negatively influenced the psychosocial hazards. This negative association between predictors and psychosocial hazards, particularly job expectations, control, role, and relationships, indicates new grounds for research. It is discussed how the findings could be used to track employees' well-being over time and generate focused treatments.
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14
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Heinonen N, Lallukka T, Lahti J, Pietiläinen O, Nordquist H, Mänty M, Katainen A, Kouvonen A. Working Conditions and Long-Term Sickness Absence Due to Mental Disorders: A Prospective Record Linkage Cohort Study Among 19- to 39-Year-Old Female Municipal Employees. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:105-114. [PMID: 34723911 PMCID: PMC8812422 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined associations between working conditions and long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (LTSA-MD) among younger female public sector employees from different employment sectors. METHODS Survey data collected in 2017 (n = 3048) among 19- to 39-year-old female employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, were used to examine job demands, job control, physical workload, computer work, and covariates. Register data on LTSA-MD were used over 1-year follow-up. Negative binomial regression models were applied. RESULTS Adverse psychosocial and physical working conditions were associated with higher LTSA-MD during the follow-up. Health and social care workers had the highest number of days of LTSA-MD. CONCLUSION Working conditions are important factors when aiming to prevent LTSA-MD among younger employees, in the health and social care sector in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Heinonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (Heinonen, Dr Nordquist, Dr Katainen, and Dr Kouvonen); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (Dr Olli, Dr Nordquist, and Dr Mänty); South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kotka, Finland (Dr Nordquist); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Unit of strategy and research, City of Vantaa, Vantaa, Finland (Dr Mänty); Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, UK (Dr Kouvonen)
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15
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Farrants K, Head J, Framke E, Rugulies R, Alexanderson K. Associations between combinations of job demands and job control among 6,16,818 people aged 55-64 in paid work with their labour market status 11 years later: a prospective cohort study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:169-185. [PMID: 34097108 PMCID: PMC8755665 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given current discussions about extending working lives, more knowledge is needed on working conditions associated with labour market status in older age. OBJECTIVE To explore associations between combinations of job demands and job control among workers aged 55-64 years and their labour market status 11 years later. METHODS A population-based prospective cohort study using nationwide register data. The 616,818 individuals in Sweden aged 55-64 who in 2001 were in paid work were categorised using a job exposure matrix based on tertiles (reference = medium control/medium demands). Participants were followed up in 2012 regarding their main labour market status (paid work, old-age pension, no income/social assistance, sickness absence/disability pension, emigrated, dead; reference = old-age pension) using multinomial logistic regression for odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The fully adjusted analyses included adjustment for sociodemographic factors and unemployment or sickness absence/disability pension for more than half the year in 2001. RESULTS Those in occupations with low job control at baseline were less likely to be in paid work at follow-up (OR low demands/low control 0.74, CI 0.71-0.78; high demands/low control 0.81, CI 0.75-0.87). Those in occupations with baseline high demands were less likely to have no income/social assistance at follow-up (OR high demands/low control 0.71, CI 0.52-0.96; high demands/high control 0.59, CI 0.47-0.75). CONCLUSION Job demands and control when aged 55-64 were associated with labour market status 11 years later: high control was associated with greater chance of being in paid work, and high demands were associated with lower risk of no income/social assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Farrants
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - J Head
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London, London, UK
| | - E Framke
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Alexanderson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Grime P, McElvenny DM, Madan I. Factors associated with sickness absence in a large NHS Trust. Occup Med (Lond) 2021; 71:467-472. [PMID: 34534342 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickness absence rates vary widely across a large acute NHS Trust, with the highest rates in some of the largest directorates. AIMS This study was aimed to identify factors associated with sickness absence in teams and to inform interventions to improve staff health and well-being. METHODS Using 2018 data from the electronic staff record and NHS Staff Survey, we examined variables associated with cost centre sickness absence rates, perceived abuse and staff engagement scores using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Data were available for 9362/15 423 (61%) of staff. Cost centre sickness absence was significantly positively associated with predominance of nursing and midwifery staff (β = 0.28 [0.012-0.55]) and significantly inversely associated with predominance of medical and dental staff (β = -0.94 [-1.2 to -0.65]) and proportion white (β = -1.11 [-1.9 to -0.37]). Cost centre sickness absence was not significantly associated with staff engagement, reported abuse, age or higher headcount. Cost centre staff engagement was significantly positively associated with proportion white (β = 0.98 [0.42-1.6]). Reported abuse by managers (β = -13 [-22 to -4.2]) and by colleagues (β = -24 [-35 to -12]) was significantly inversely associated with proportion white. Reported abuse by colleagues was significantly associated with predominance of medical and dental (β = 7.6 [2.3-13]) and nursing and midwifery staff (β = 9.1 [4.4-14]). CONCLUSIONS These observed associations of sickness absence, staff engagement and perceived abuse with job mix and ethnicity should be further explored. Individual or team-level data, rather than cost centre-level data, might more meaningfully elucidate why sickness absence rates vary between groups of staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grime
- Occupational Health Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK.,King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - D M McElvenny
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.,Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - I Madan
- Occupational Health Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK.,King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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17
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Nyberg A, Peristera P, Toivanen S, Johansson G. Does Exposure to High Job Demands, Low Decision Authority, or Workplace Violence Mediate the Association between Employment in the Health and Social Care Industry and Register-Based Sickness Absence? A Longitudinal Study of a Swedish Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:53. [PMID: 35010313 PMCID: PMC8744622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this paper was to investigate if job demands, decision authority, and workplace violence mediate the association between employment in the health and social care industry and register-based sickness absence. METHODS Participants from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health who responded to questionnaires in 2006-2016 (n = 3951) were included. Multilevel autoregressive cross-lagged mediation models were fitted to the data. Employment in the health and social care industry at one time point was used as the predictor variable and register-based sickness absence >14 days as the outcome variable. Self-reported levels of job demands, decision authority, and exposure to workplace violence from the first time point were used as mediating variables. RESULTS The direct path between employment in the health and social care industry and sickness absence >14 days was, while adjusting for the reverse path, 0.032, p = 0.002. The indirect effect mediated by low decision authority was 0.002, p = 0.006 and the one mediated by exposure to workplace violence was 0.008, p = 0.002. High job demands were not found to mediate the association. CONCLUSION Workplace violence and low decision authority may, to a small extent, mediate the association between employment in the health and social care industry and sickness absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nyberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 564, SE-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-113 65 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Paraskevi Peristera
- Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Susanna Toivanen
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, P.O. Box 883, SE-721 23 Vasteras, Sweden;
| | - Gun Johansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-113 65 Stockholm, Sweden;
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18
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Lancman S, Barroso BIDL. Mental health: Professional rehabilitation and the return to work - A systematic review. Work 2021; 69:439-448. [PMID: 34092692 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The problem of illnesses, sick leave and the necessary return to work and permanence at work has been determining the development of different protocols and professional rehabilitation programs in different countries. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify articles that address programs for professional rehabilitation and the return to work of people laid off due to mental health problems, and to verify the results of professional rehabilitation programs and the follow-up processes for such return. METHOD A systematic review was performed according to the criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). The serial search of the articles was carried out in the electronic databases: Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus. The variations in the descriptors served to find a greater range of significant results for the research. RESULTS In total, 2,306 articles were found. Another two articles that met the inclusion criteria were located through manual searches, adding up to a total of 2,308. Applying the exclusion criteria resulted in a final data set of 47 peer-reviewed articles. CONCLUSIONS The issues involving return to work and permanence in work were complex and multifaceted in the research articles studied. Recovery from Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) is a major cause of long-term sick leave and the granting of disability benefits. Many people with these diagnoses remain employed; however, further studies are needed with women, workers with fragile relationships, and immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Lancman
- Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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19
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van Hoffen MFA, Rijnhart JJM, Norder G, Labuschagne LJE, Twisk JWR. Distress, Work Satisfaction, and Work Ability are Mediators of the Relation Between Psychosocial Working Conditions and Mental Health-Related Long-Term Sickness Absence. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2021; 31:419-430. [PMID: 33074455 PMCID: PMC8172497 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the effects of psychosocial working conditions on mental health-related long-term sickness absence and whether distress, work satisfaction, burnout, engagement, and work ability mediated the associations between psychosocial working conditions and mental health-related long-term sickness absence. Methods This cohort study included 53,833 non-sick listed workers who participated in occupational health surveys between 2010 and 2013. The effects of the individual psychosocial working conditions on mental long-term sickness absence were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Mediation analyses were performed to examine the mediating role of distress, burnout, work satisfaction, engagement, and work ability between psychosocial working conditions and mental long-term sickness absence. The mediation analyses were performed using structural equation modeling. Results Role clarity, cognitive demands, emotional demands, work variety, learning opportunities, and co-worker support were related to mental health-related long-term sickness absence after adjustment for other working conditions. The relationship between emotional demands and mental health-related long-term sickness absence was the strongest, OR 1.304 (p < 0.001, 95% CI 1.135 to 1.498). The relation between psychosocial working conditions and mental health-related long-term sickness absence was mediated by distress, burnout, work satisfaction, engagement, and work ability. Distress was the most important mediator between psychosocial working conditions and mental health-related long-term sickness absence. Conclusions Psychosocial working conditions are related to mental health-related long-term sickness absence. After correction for other working conditions, the association between emotional demands and mental health-related long-term sickness absence was the strongest. Psychosocial working conditions are indirectly related to mental health-related long-term sickness absence through mediation by distress, work satisfaction, and work ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke F A van Hoffen
- Department of Research and Development, Human Total Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- HumanCapitalCare, Laan van Nieuw Oost-Indië 133-G, 2593 BM, Den Haag, The Netherlands.
| | - Judith J M Rijnhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giny Norder
- Department of Research and Development, Human Total Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne J E Labuschagne
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W R Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Buhaug K, Magerøy N, Einarsen SV, Assmus J, Kvåle A. A clinical study of musculoskeletal dysfunction in targets of workplace bullying. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2020.1865451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Buhaug
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nils Magerøy
- Bjørgvin District Psychiatric Center, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jörg Assmus
- Center for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alice Kvåle
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
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21
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Leineweber C, Marklund S, Gustafsson K, Helgesson M. Work environment risk factors for the duration of all cause and diagnose-specific sickness absence among healthcare workers in Sweden: a prospective study. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:782-789. [PMID: 32764106 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing sickness absence (SA) has been reported among healthcare workers in Sweden. Our aim was to analyse the impact of work environment factors on short-term and long-term SA based on musculoskeletal and psychiatric diagnoses among healthcare workers. METHODS The study sample consisted of healthcare workers (n=12 452) drawn from representative samples of workers aged 16 to 64, who participated in the Swedish Work Environment Surveys (SWES) between 1993 and 2013. The outcomes were either short-term (≤28 days) or long-term (>104 days) SA between 1994 and 2016. HRs and 95% CIs were calculated for the impact of physical and psychosocial working conditions on risk of subsequent short-term or long-term SA for 3 years after participation in SWES. RESULTS Heavy physical work and strenuous work postures showed elevated HRs for short-term and long-term SA compared with those without these work exposures. Similarly, high job demands and low job control each increased the risk for both short-term and long-term SA compared with employees with low job demands and high job control. Low job support increased the risk for short-term SA compared with those with high job support. Working conditions were strongly related to short-term SA due to musculoskeletal diagnoses but not to short-term SA due to psychiatric diagnoses. None of the work characteristics, except strenuous postures, elevated the risk for long-term SA due to psychiatric diagnosis compared with employees without these characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Ergonomic improvements and stress reduction among healthcare workers are likely to reduce the prevalence of SA foremost due to musculoskeletal diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Staffan Marklund
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas Gustafsson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Helgesson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Duchaine CS, Aubé K, Gilbert-Ouimet M, Vézina M, Ndjaboué R, Massamba V, Talbot D, Lavigne-Robichaud M, Trudel X, Pena-Gralle APB, Lesage A, Moore L, Milot A, Laurin D, Brisson C. Psychosocial Stressors at Work and the Risk of Sickness Absence Due to a Diagnosed Mental Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:842-851. [PMID: 32236498 PMCID: PMC7113841 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Mental health problems are associated with considerable occupational, medical, social, and economic burdens. Psychosocial stressors at work have been associated with a higher risk of mental disorders, but the risk of sickness absence due to a diagnosed mental disorder, indicating a more severe condition, has never been investigated in a systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE To synthesize the evidence of the association of psychosocial stressors at work with sickness absence due to a diagnosed mental disorder among adult workers. DATA SOURCES Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, and International Bibliography of the Social Sciences), 3 gray literature databases (Grey Literature Report, WHO-IRIS and Open Grey), and the reference lists of all eligible studies and reviews were searched in January 2017 and updated in February 2019. STUDY SELECTION Only original prospective studies evaluating the association of at least 1 psychosocial stressor at work from the 3 most recognized theoretical models were eligible: the job demand-control-support model, including exposure to job strain (high psychological demands with low job control); effort-reward imbalance model; and organizational justice model. Study selection was performed in duplicate by blinded independent reviewers. Among the 28 467 citations screened, 23 studies were eligible for systematic review. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Data extraction and risk of bias evaluation, using the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies-Interventions tool, were performed in duplicate by blinded independent reviewers. Data were pooled using random-effect models. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sickness absence due to a mental disorder with a diagnosis obtained objectively. RESULTS A total of 13 studies representing 130 056 participants were included in the 6 meta-analyses. Workers exposed to low reward were associated with a higher risk of sickness absence due to a diagnosed mental disorder compared with nonexposed workers (pooled risk ratio [RR], 1.76 [95% CI, 1.49-2.08]), as were those exposed to effort-reward imbalance (pooled RR, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.37-2.00]), job strain (pooled RR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.24-1.74]), low job control (pooled RR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.02-1.53]), and high psychological demands (pooled RR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.04-1.45]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This meta-analysis found that workers exposed to psychosocial stressors at work were associated with a higher risk of sickness absence due to a mental disorder. A better understanding of the importance of these stressors could help physicians when evaluating their patients' mental health and work capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. Duchaine
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,Centre de recherche sur les soins et les services de première ligne de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Aubé
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Michel Vézina
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Ruth Ndjaboué
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,Centre de recherche sur les soins et les services de première ligne de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Victoria Massamba
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Talbot
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathilde Lavigne-Robichaud
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Xavier Trudel
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Ana-Paula Bruno Pena-Gralle
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Lesage
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lynne Moore
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Milot
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Danielle Laurin
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,Centre de recherche sur les soins et les services de première ligne de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Chantal Brisson
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,Centre de recherche sur les soins et les services de première ligne de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
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23
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Gilbert-Ouimet M, Trudel X, Aubé K, Ndjaboue R, Duchaine C, Blanchette C, Mâsse B, Vézina M, Milot A, Brisson C. Differences between women and men in the relationship between psychosocial stressors at work and work absence due to mental health problem. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:603-610. [PMID: 32467313 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Women have a higher incidence of mental health problems compared with men. Psychosocial stressors at work are associated with mental health problems. However, few prospective studies have examined the association between these stressors and objectively measured outcomes of mental health. Moreover, evidence regarding potential differences between women and men in this association is scarce and inconsistent. This study investigates whether psychosocial stressors at work are associated with the 7.5-year incidence of medically certified work absence due to a mental health problem, separately for women and men. METHODS Data from a prospective cohort of white-collar workers in Canada (n=7138; 47.3% women) were used. We performed Cox regression models to examine the prospective association between self-reported psychosocial stressors at work (job strain model) at baseline and the 7.5-year HR of medically certified work absence of ≥5 days due to a mental health problem. RESULTS During follow-up, 11.9% of participants had a certified work absence, with a twofold higher incidence among women. Women (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.93) and men (HR 1.41, 95% CI 0.97 to 2.05) exposed to high strain (high demands and low control) had a higher incidence of work absence compared with those unexposed. Among women only, those exposed to an active job situation (high demands and high control) also had a higher risk (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.56). CONCLUSIONS Prevention efforts aimed at reducing psychosocial stressors at work could help lower the risk of work absence for both women and men. However, important differences between women and men need to be further studied in order to orient these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahée Gilbert-Ouimet
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada .,Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Lévis, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xavier Trudel
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Aubé
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ruth Ndjaboue
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caty Blanchette
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoît Mâsse
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Vézina
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Milot
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal Brisson
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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Pihlajamäki M, Arola H, Ahveninen H, Ollikainen J, Korhonen M, Nummi T, Uitti J, Taimela S. Subjective cognitive complaints and sickness absence: A prospective cohort study of 7059 employees in primarily knowledge-intensive occupations. Prev Med Rep 2020; 19:101103. [PMID: 32420012 PMCID: PMC7218151 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective cognitive complaints predict sickness absence. Age and prior absence also predict sickness absence in an additive fashion. Maintenance of resources is important in knowledge-intensive occupations.
Knowledge-intensive work requires capabilities like monitoring multiple sources of information, prioritizing between competing tasks, switching between tasks, and resisting distraction from the primary task(s). We assessed whether subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), presenting as self-rated problems with difficulties of concentration, memory, clear thinking and decision making predict sickness absence (SA) in knowledge-intensive occupations. We combined SCC questionnaire results with reliable registry data on SA of 7743 professional/managerial employees (47% female). We excluded employees who were not active in working life, on long-term SA, and those on a work disability benefit at baseline. The exposure variable was the presence of SCC. Age and SA before the questionnaire as a proxy measure of general health were treated as confounders and the analyses were conducted by gender. The outcome measure was the accumulated SA days during a 12-month follow-up. We used a hurdle model to analyse the SA data. SCC predicted the number of SA days during the 12-month follow-up. The ratio of the means of SA days was higher than 2.8 as compared to the reference group, irrespective of gender, with the lowest limit of 95% confidence interval 2.2. In the Hurdle model, SCC, SA days prior to the questionnaire, and age were additive predictors of the likelihood of SA and accumulated SA days, if any. Subjective cognitive complaints predict sickness absence in knowledge-intensive occupations, irrespective of gender, age, or general health. This finding has implications for supporting work ability (productivity) among employees with cognitively demanding tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Pihlajamäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Heikki Arola
- Terveystalo, Jaakonkatu 3b, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jyrki Ollikainen
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Mikko Korhonen
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Tapio Nummi
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Jukka Uitti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland.,Clinic of Occupational Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.,Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland
| | - Simo Taimela
- Clinicum, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Evalua International, PO Box 35, FIN-02661 Espoo, Finland
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Sirén M, Viikari-Juntura E, Arokoski J, Solovieva S. Occupational and non-occupational risk factors of sickness absence due to a shoulder lesion. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:393-401. [PMID: 32188633 PMCID: PMC7279187 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To determine the associations of lifestyle factors and cumulative physical workload exposures with sickness absence (SA) due to a shoulder lesion and to calculate their population attributable fractions (PAF). Methods Our nationally representative cohort consisted of 4344 individuals aged 30–62 years who participated in the Finnish Health 2000 Survey. Education, smoking, chronic diseases and work exposures were assessed during interviews and leisure time physical activity with a questionnaire. Weight and height were measured. We followed the individuals for 15 years for the first SA due to a shoulder lesion. We used competing risk regression models. We calculated PAFs to assess the proportion of SA that was attributed to modifiable risk factors. Results In the entire study population, risk factors of SA were age, daily smoking, being exposed for more than 10 years to physically heavy work and being exposed for more than 10 years to at least two specific physical workload factors. The overall PAF for the modifiable risk factors was 49%. In men, number of specific cumulative exposures, obesity and daily smoking predicted SA with PAF values of 34%, 30% and 14%, respectively. Among women, being exposed for more than 10 years to physically heavy work, number of specific cumulative exposures and daily smoking accounted for 23%, 22% and 15% of SA, respectively. Conclusions Reducing significantly prolonged exposure to physical workload factors, avoiding regular smoking in both genders and obesity in men has a high potential to prevent SA due to a shoulder lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sirén
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jari Arokoski
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Svetlana Solovieva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
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The prevalence of ill-treatment and bullying at work in Ireland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-09-2018-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of ill-treatment and bullying experienced by Irish workers and to explore individual and organisational predictors. The most recent national figures available are specific to bullying and predate the economic recession; therefore, this study is timely and investigates a broader range of negative behaviours.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey study on a national probability sample of Irish employees was conducted (N = 1,764). The study design replicated the methodology employed in the British workplace behaviour study.FindingsThe results showed that 43% of Irish workers had experienced ill-treatment at work over the past two years, with 9% meeting the criteria for experiencing workplace bullying. A number of individual and organisational factors were found to be significantly associated with the experience of ill-treatment at work.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides national-level data on workplace ill-treatment and bullying that are directly comparable to British study findings.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that a significant number of Irish workers experience ill-treatment at work, and that workplace bullying does not appear to have decreased since the last national study was conducted in Ireland.Social implicationsThis study is of use to the Irish regulator and persons responsible for managing workplace bullying cases, as it identifies high-risk work situations and contributing individual factors.Originality/valueThis study provides national Irish data on workplace behaviour and ill-treatment following a severe economic recession.
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Marklund S, Gustafsson K, Aronsson G, Leineweber C, Helgesson M. Working conditions and compensated sickness absence among nurses and care assistants in Sweden during two decades: a cross-sectional biennial survey study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030096. [PMID: 31712334 PMCID: PMC6858201 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to trace the patterns of work environment factors and compensated sickness absence (SA) among nurses and care assistants compared with other occupations and to compare SA among exposed and non-exposed nurses and care assistants. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey on work environment factors based on the biennial Swedish Work Environment Surveys 1991-2013, linked to longitudinal register data on SA 1993-2014. PARTICIPANTS The study included 98 249 individuals, stratified into nurses and care assistants (n=16 179) and a reference population including all other occupations (n=82 070). OUTCOME MEASURE Annual days of compensated SA (>14 days) 3 years after exposure years. RESULTS Nurses and care assistants had higher SA in 1993-2014 compared with all other occupations, and differences in background factors only partly explained this relationship. For both groups, exposure to physical work factors remained steady, but the number of exposed were 10%-30% higher among nurses and care assistants. Those exposed to heavy physical work and strenuous working postures had in most years significantly higher SA when compared with non-exposed (rate ratio range: 1.4-1.9). Exposure to high job demands increased 10%-25% in 1991-1999 among nurses and care assistants but became more stable in 2001-2013 and high proportions of high job demands coincided with the increase in SA in 1995-1999. Nurses and care assistants exposed to high job demands had for most years significantly higher SA than non-exposed (rate ratio range: 1.5-2.1). Low job control and low support from supervisors elevated SA significantly only for a few years. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to negative work factors among nurses and care assistants was weakly associated with variations in SA, but may be related to their higher level of SA when compared with other occupations. Improved physical and psychosocial working conditions may reduce the elevated SA level in these occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Marklund
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas Gustafsson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Aronsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Helgesson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Padkapayeva K, Gilbert-Ouimet M, Bielecky A, Ibrahim S, Mustard C, Brisson C, Smith P. Gender/Sex Differences in the Relationship between Psychosocial Work Exposures and Work and Life Stress. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 62:416-425. [PMID: 29554201 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Stress is an important factor affecting the health of working population. While work exposures are determinants of levels of work and life stress, we do not know whether similar or different exposures are related to stress levels for men and women. This study aimed to formally examine male/female differences in the relationships between psychosocial work exposures and work and life stress in a representative sample of Canadian labour market participants. Methods We used data from 2012 cycle of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), a representative population-based survey conducted by Statistics Canada. The sample was restricted to employed labour force participants working 15+ hours per week (N = 8328, 48% female). To examine the relationship between work exposures and work and life stress, we conducted path analyses. Psychosocial work exposures included social support, job insecurity, job control, and job strain. Differences between estimates for men and women were explored using multigroup analyses, constraining paths between male and female models to be equivalent and examining the impact on change in model fit. Results Male/female differences were observed in the relationships between supervisor support and work stress levels as well as between job control, job insecurity, job strain, and life stress levels. Higher levels of supervisor support at work were associated with lower work stress among women, but not among men. Low job control had a direct protective effect on life stress for men but not for women, while high job strain had a direct adverse effect on life stress among women but not among men. Higher job insecurity was more strongly associated with higher life stress among men compared with women. The relationship between work stress and life stress was similar among men and women. Discussion The findings of this study suggest that the relationships between psychosocial exposures and work and life stress differ for men and women. Our study also raised important questions about which work exposures are considered when assessing work stress, with level of job control not related to work stress but associated with levels of life stress among men. Conclusion Our study highlights the role of psychosocial work environment for both work and life stress and suggests differences in the importance of specific psychosocial work dimensions for feelings of stress among men and women, and for work stress versus life stress. Future study designs should ensure that measures are included to better disentangle the relative contribution of social and biological factors in explaining these differences among men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahée Gilbert-Ouimet
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du St-Sacrement, chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Amber Bielecky
- The Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Selahadin Ibrahim
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cameron Mustard
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantal Brisson
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du St-Sacrement, chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter Smith
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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Norberg J, Alexanderson K, Framke E, Rugulies R, Farrants K. Job demands and control and sickness absence, disability pension and unemployment among 2,194,692 individuals in Sweden. Scand J Public Health 2019; 48:125-133. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494819846367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Knowledge is needed on associations between job demands and job control and long-term sickness absence (SA) and unemployment. We explored associations of job demands and job control with SA/disability pension (DP) and unemployment among women and men in paid work. Methods: We included all 2,194,694 individuals living in Sweden in 2001, aged 30–54 years, and in paid work. The Swedish Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) was used to ascertain levels of job demands and job control. Individuals were categorized into nine groups based on combinations of high, medium, or low values on both demands and control. Using multinomial logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of job demands and job control with risk of long-term SA/DP (>183 net days) and long-term unemployment (>183 days). Results: Regarding SA/DP, among women the risk was highest for those in occupations with low demands and low control (OR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.28–1.36), whereas among men the risk was highest among those in occupations with high demands and low control (OR=1.22; 1.11–1.34). Regarding unemployment, among women the risk was highest among those in occupations with low demands and medium control (OR=1.30; 1.24–1.37), whereas among men the risk was highest for those in occupations with low demands and high control (OR=1.54; 1.46–1.62). Conclusions: Using a JEM among all in a population rather than for specific occupations gives a more comprehensive view of the associations between job demands/job control and long-term SA/DP and unemployment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Norberg
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Kristina Alexanderson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Farrants
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Duchaine CS, Gilbert-Ouimet M, Aubé K, Vezina M, Ndjaboue R, Trudel X, Lesage A, Moore L, Laurin D, Brisson C. Effect of psychosocial work factors on the risk of certified absences from work for a diagnosed mental health problem: a protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e025948. [PMID: 30282689 PMCID: PMC6169777 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental health problems (MHPs) are frequent and disabling and are the first or second leading cause of certified sickness absences from work in industrialised countries. They are generally long lasting and generate a considerable human and socioeconomic burden. The deleterious effect of adverse psychosocial work factors on MHP has been documented. However, the evidence regarding the effect of these factors on absences from work for an MHP has not been synthesised since 2007. The proposed systematic review aims to synthesise the effect of adverse psychosocial work factors from three validated theoretical models (the demand-control-support, effort-reward-imbalance and organisational justice models) on the risk of certified absences from work for diagnosed MHP among workers. METHOD AND ANALYSIS A systematic search strategy will be conducted in seven databases: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Sociological abstracts and IBSS. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations, a multistep screening process by independent reviewers will lead to study selection. The search strategy was first run in 16 January 2017 and will be updated in October 2018. Only quantitative, prospective studies evaluating the effect of at least one psychosocial work factor from the validated theoretical models on certified absence from work for a diagnosed MHP will be considered for inclusion. Extracted data will be used for quantitative and qualitative evidence synthesis as well as to assess risk of bias and methodological quality. Meta-estimates will be provided for high-quality studies and by each psychosocial work factor, after considering homogeneity and number of studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As this study will be based only on published studies, ethics approval is not required. Given that psychosocial works factors are frequent and modifiable, the results of this systematic review may provide evidence to support prevention strategies that can help to reduce the human social and economic burden associated with medically certified absences from work for an MHP. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018091632.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Duchaine
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mahee Gilbert-Ouimet
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Aubé
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Vezina
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ruth Ndjaboue
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xavier Trudel
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Lesage
- Department of Psychiatry, Montréal Université, Montréal, Canada
| | - Lynne Moore
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danielle Laurin
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal Brisson
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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de Vries H, Fishta A, Weikert B, Rodriguez Sanchez A, Wegewitz U. Determinants of Sickness Absence and Return to Work Among Employees with Common Mental Disorders: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2018; 28:393-417. [PMID: 28980107 PMCID: PMC6096498 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-017-9730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To present an overview of the existing evidence on prognostic factors of (recurrent) sickness absence (SA) and return to work (RTW) among workers with a common mental disorder (CMD). This scoping review provides information about determinants for SA and RTW, which could be used to develop better interventions aimed at the prevention of SA and promotion of RTW among workers with a CMD. Methods Relevant articles were identified in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and SINGLE up to October 2016. In order to be included, studies should provide insight into prognostic factors of SA or RTW of workers with a CMD. We classified all factors according to the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Results Our searches identified 2447 possible relevant articles, of which 71 were included for data extraction. There is consistent evidence in ≥3 studies that previous episodes of CMD, higher symptom severity, previous absenteeism, co-morbidity, high job demands, low job control, high job strain, female gender, lower educational level, smoking behavior, and low perceived general health are predictors of SA in people with CMDs. Earlier RTW is consistently predicted by lower symptom severity, having no previous absenteeism, younger age, and positive expectations concerning sick-leave duration or RTW. Conclusions The amount of research on determinants for SA and RTW in workers with CMD has increased dramatically in recent years, although most studies are from the Netherlands and Scandinavia. There are some research gaps identified in this scoping review that need further attention in primary and secondary studies. Based on the summary of the evidence, we provide guidance for policy, practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitze de Vries
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alba Fishta
- Department of Evidence-based Occupational Health, Workplace Health Management, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Weikert
- Department of Evidence-based Occupational Health, Workplace Health Management, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alejandra Rodriguez Sanchez
- Department of Evidence-based Occupational Health, Workplace Health Management, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta Wegewitz
- Department of Evidence-based Occupational Health, Workplace Health Management, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
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Hansen ÅM, Grynderup MB, Bonde JP, Conway PM, Garde AH, Kaerlev L, Kolstad HA, Mikkelsen S, Rugulies R, Thomsen JF, Willert M, Hogh A. Does Workplace Bullying Affect Long-Term Sickness Absence Among Coworkers? J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:132-137. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Vercambre-Jacquot MN, Gilbert F, Billaudeau N. [Teacher sick leave: Prevalence, duration, reasons and covariates]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2017; 66:19-31. [PMID: 29290454 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Absences from work have considerable social and economic impact. In the education sector, the phenomenon is particularly worrying since teacher sick leave has an impact on the overall performance of the education system. Yet, available data are scarce. METHODS In April-June 2013, 2653 teachers responded to a population-based postal survey on their quality of life (enquête Qualité de vie des enseignants, MGEN Foundation/Ministry of education, response rate 53 %). Besides questions on work environment and health, teachers were asked to describe their eventual sick leave(s) since the beginning of the school year: duration, type and medical reasons. Self-reported information was reinforced by administrative data from ministerial databases and weighted to be extrapolated to all French teachers. Tobit models adjusted for individual factors of a private nature were used to investigate different occupational risk factors of teacher sick leave, taking into account both the estimated effect on the probability of sick leave and the length of it. RESULTS More than one in three teachers (36 %) reported having had at least one day of sick leave since the beginning of the school year. Respiratory/ENT diseases were the leading reason for sick leave (37 %). However, and because sick leave duration depended on the underlying health problem, such diseases came in third place among justifications of sick leave days (14 %), far behind musculoskeletal problems (27 %) and neurological and psychological disorders (25 %). Tobit models suggested that some occupational factors significantly associated with the risk of sick leave may represent promising preventive targets, including high psychological demand, workplace violence and unfavorable socio-environmental context. CONCLUSION Our study provides objective evidence about the issue of sick leave among French teachers, highlighting the usefulness of implementing actions to minimize its weight. To this end, the study findings point-out the importance of considering not only the probability of sick leave, but also its duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-N Vercambre-Jacquot
- Fondation d'entreprise MGEN pour la santé publique, 3, square Max-Hymans, 75748 Paris cedex 15, France.
| | - F Gilbert
- Fondation d'entreprise MGEN pour la santé publique, 3, square Max-Hymans, 75748 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - N Billaudeau
- Fondation d'entreprise MGEN pour la santé publique, 3, square Max-Hymans, 75748 Paris cedex 15, France
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Grynderup MB, Nabe-Nielsen K, Lange T, Conway PM, Bonde JP, Garde AH, Gullander M, Kaerlev L, Persson R, Rugulies R, Vammen MA, Høgh A, Hansen ÅM. The associations between workplace bullying, salivary cortisol, and long-term sickness absence: a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:710. [PMID: 28915867 PMCID: PMC5602853 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace stressors, such as bullying, are strongly related to subsequent long-term sickness absence, but little is known of the possible physiological mechanisms linking workplace stressors and sickness absence. The primary aim of this study was to investigate to what extent cortisol levels were associated with subsequent sickness absence and if cortisol mediated the association between workplace bullying and sickness absence. We additionally investigated possible bidirectional associations between bullying, cortisol, and long-term sickness absence. METHODS Participants came from two Danish cohort studies, the "Psychosocial RIsk factors for Stress and MEntal disease" (PRISME) cohort and the "Workplace Bullying and Harassment" (WBH) cohort (n = 5418). Information about exposure to workplace bullying and morning and evening salivary cortisol was collected at three time points with approximately two years in between. After each data collection, all participants were followed for two years in registers, and cases with long-term sickness absence lasting 30 or more consecutive days were identified. The association between cortisol levels and subsequent sickness absence was assessed by logistic regression, while the extent to which the association between bullying and sickness absence was mediated by cortisol was quantified through natural direct and indirect effects. RESULTS High evening cortisol was associated with a decreased risk of sickness absence (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68-0.99), but we did not find that high morning cortisol levels (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.81-1.18) or high morning-to-evening slope (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.82-1.18) were associated with subsequent sickness absence. We also tested for reverse causation and found that long-term sickness absence, but not salivary cortisol, was a strong risk factor for subsequent workplace bullying. There was no indication that cortisol mediated the association between workplace bullying and sickness absence. CONCLUSION We found no straightforward and simple association between cortisol and long-term sickness absence. Furthermore, the association between workplace bullying and long-term sickness absence was not mediated by cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Brødsgaard Grynderup
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Health and Society, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Health and Society, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Theis Lange
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Health and Society, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, 100871, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul Maurice Conway
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Health and Society, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Maria Gullander
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Health and Society, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Linda Kaerlev
- Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Roger Persson
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Box 213, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SUS, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Health and Society, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marianne Agergaard Vammen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Annie Høgh
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Health and Society, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Arshad MS, Paton RW. 'The psychological problem is looking at you, are you looking for it?': psychological associations with symptomatic musculoskeletal referrals. Scott Med J 2017; 62:149-151. [PMID: 28899217 DOI: 10.1177/0036933017727421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is important that paediatric orthopaedic surgeons recognise that psychological conditions may present with musculoskeletal symptoms. Identification through careful and sensitive history taking is vital. There is a lack of training in this regard in paediatric orthopaedics. We present a series of cases initially referred for a musculoskeletal complaint. Further probing revealed an underlying psychological problem which was neither picked up by the referring physician nor volunteered by the patient. In our opinion, it is important that this training omission is addressed as such psychological problems may be devastating for these individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Arshad
- 1 Upper Limb Fellow, Upper Limb Unit, Wrightington Hospital, UK
| | - R W Paton
- 2 Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
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Silva-Junior JS, Fischer FM. Sickness absence due to mental disorders and psychosocial stressors at work. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2017; 18:735-44. [PMID: 26982291 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5497201500040005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental disorders are the third leading cause of social security benefit due to sickness in Brazil. Occupational exposure to psychosocial stressors can affect the workers' mental health. The social security medical experts are responsible for characterizing if those sicknesses are work-related. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the factors associated with sick leave due to mental disorders, in particular, the perception of workers on psychosocial factors at work. METHODS This is an analytical study carried out in São Paulo, Brazil, with 131 applicants for sickness benefit due to mental disorders. Questionnaires were applied to assess the sociodemographic data, habits/lifestyle information, and perceived psychosocial factors at work. RESULTS The most common diagnosis was depressive disorders (40.4%). The medical experts considered 23.7% of all applications as work-related. Most of the participants were female (68.7%), up to 40 years of age (73.3%), married/common-law marriage (51.1%), with educational level greater than or equal to 11 years (80.2%), nonsmokers (80.9%), not alcohol consumers (84%), and practice of physical activities (77.9%). Regarding psychosocial factors, most of the participants informed a high job strain (56.5%), low social support (52.7%), effort-reward imbalance (55.7%), and high overcommitment (87.0%). There was no statistical association between the work-related mental disorders sickness benefits and independent variables. CONCLUSION The concession of social security sickness benefits is not associated with sociodemographic data, habits/lifestyle, or psychosocial factors at work. Occupational exposure to unfavorable psychosocial factors was reported by most workers on sick leave due to mental disorders. However, several cases were not recognized by the social security medical experts as work-related, which may have influenced the results of the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frida Marina Fischer
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Navarro A, Utzet M, Salas S, Llorens C, Molinero-Ruiz E, Moncada S. Specific psychosocial exposures for workers' mental health: A population-based study. Am J Ind Med 2017; 60:747-752. [PMID: 28597945 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to plan interventions it is important to obtain evidence on the relation between a health outcome and specific exposures. However, there are few studies that identify the effect of specific psychosocial work exposures on poor mental health. This is the aim of this study. METHODS Population-based cross-sectional study in Catalonia. We estimated prevalence ratios (PR) of minor psychiatric disorder associated with several psychosocial work exposures. RESULTS The items with highest PR were "Are there times when you need to be at work and at home at the same time?" (PR = 1.81), "Are you worried about a variation in your salary?" (PR = 1.77), "Is your work emotionally demanding?" (PR = 1.65) and "Are you worried about it being difficult for you to find another job if you became unemployed?" (PR = 1.51). CONCLUSIONS This study could be useful in order to begin planning interventions on specific psychosocial exposures to protect mental health in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Navarro
- GRAAL-Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB); Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Mireia Utzet
- GRAAL-Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB); Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Sergio Salas
- GRAAL-Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB); Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Clara Llorens
- Union Institute of Work, Environment and Health (ISTAS); Reference Centre on Work Organisation and Health; Barcelona Spain
- Faculty of Socialogy and Political Sicences, Department of Sociology; Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB); Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Emilia Molinero-Ruiz
- Ministry of Labour; Social Affairs and Families of the Government of Catalonia; Barcelona Spain
| | - Salvador Moncada
- Union Institute of Work, Environment and Health (ISTAS); Reference Centre on Work Organisation and Health; Barcelona Spain
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Ndjaboue R, Brisson C, Talbot D, Vézina M. Combined exposure to adverse psychosocial work factors and medically certified absence for mental health problems: A 5-year prospective study. J Psychosom Res 2017; 92:9-15. [PMID: 27998514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ndjaboue
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Médecine Sociale et Préventive, 1050, chemin Sainte-Foy, G1V 4L8 Quebec, Qc, Canada.
| | - Chantal Brisson
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Médecine Sociale et Préventive, 1050, chemin Sainte-Foy, G1V 4L8 Quebec, Qc, Canada
| | - Denis Talbot
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Médecine Sociale et Préventive, 1050, chemin Sainte-Foy, G1V 4L8 Quebec, Qc, Canada
| | - Michel Vézina
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Médecine Sociale et Préventive, 1050, chemin Sainte-Foy, G1V 4L8 Quebec, Qc, Canada
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Does Perceived Stress Mediate the Association Between Workplace Bullying and Long-Term Sickness Absence? J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:e226-30. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Nabe-Nielsen K, Grynderup MB, Lange T, Andersen JH, Bonde JP, Conway PM, Garde AH, Høgh A, Kaerlev L, Rugulies R, Hansen ÅM. The role of poor sleep in the relation between workplace bullying/unwanted sexual attention and long-term sickness absence. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89:967-79. [PMID: 27137811 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-016-1136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While exposure to bullying and unwanted sexual attention was previously found to increase the risk of sickness absence, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Poor sleep can be a consequence of stressful exposures and a cause of poor health, and poor sleep is also a determinant of insufficient recovery. Therefore, the present study investigated whether poor sleep mediates and/or moderates the association between bullying and unwanted sexual attention, on the one hand, and long-term sickness absence (LTSA), on the other hand. METHODS We used questionnaire data from 7650 individuals contributing with 15,040 2-year observation periods. Workplace bullying, unwanted sexual attention, disturbed sleep, and difficulties awakening were measured at three time points, and participants were followed in registers to measure the occurrence of LTSA, defined as ≥30 consecutive days of sickness absence during the subsequent 2 years. RESULTS The odds of LTSA were significantly increased by workplace bullying (OR 1.77; 95 % CI 1.50-2.12) and unwanted sexual attention (OR 1.55; 95 % CI 1.06-2.29). Together, disturbed sleep and difficulties awakening mediated 12.8 % (95 % CI 8.1-19.8) of the association between bullying and long-term sickness absence, and 8.5 % (95 % CI -0.45 to 37.1) of the association between unwanted sexual attention and long-term sickness absence in the fully adjusted model. Neither disturbed sleep nor difficulties awakening moderated these associations. CONCLUSION As expected, bullying and unwanted sexual attention were prospectively associated with long-term sickness absence. Only a small part of this association was mediated by poor sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- Centre for Health and Society, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Matias Brødsgaard Grynderup
- Centre for Health and Society, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Theis Lange
- Centre for Health and Society, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Johan Hviid Andersen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 61, 7400, Herning, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Paul Maurice Conway
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- Centre for Health and Society, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Annie Høgh
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Linda Kaerlev
- Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- Centre for Health and Society, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Centre for Health and Society, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Utzet M, Navarro A, Llorens C, Muntaner C, Moncada S. Is the worsening of psychosocial exposures associated with mental health? Comparing two population-based cross-sectional studies in Spain, 2005-2010. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59:399-407. [PMID: 26909744 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyze whether associations between workplace psychosocial exposures and the mental health of the working population in Spain changed between 2005 and 2010. METHODS Two representative samples of the Spanish working population have been analyzed, 2005 (n = 5073) and 2010 (n = 3544). RESULTS In 2010 there was a significant association between poor mental health and exposure to high Demands, low Social Support and high Insecurity over working conditions, and exposure to high Insecurity over losing the job only for men. In 2005 there was a significant association with exposure to high Demands and low Social Support. CONCLUSION Changes in the associations between psychosocial risks and mental health may be related to the socioeconomic context marked by the rise in unemployment and the destruction of jobs as a result of the 2008 economic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Utzet
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB); Grup Recerca Amèrica i Àfrica Llatines (GRAAL), Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Albert Navarro
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB); Grup Recerca Amèrica i Àfrica Llatines (GRAAL), Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Clara Llorens
- Union Institute of Work; Environment and Health (ISTAS); Reference Centre on Work Organisation and Health; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carles Muntaner
- Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing and Dalla Lana School of Public Health; Division of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - Salvador Moncada
- Union Institute of Work; Environment and Health (ISTAS); Reference Centre on Work Organisation and Health; Barcelona Spain
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Cho K, Cho HY, Han GS. Risk factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in Korean dental practitioners. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:56-62. [PMID: 26957728 PMCID: PMC4755974 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between
psychosocial stress, occupational stress, and musculoskeletal symptoms in Korean dental
practitioners. [Subjects and Methods] Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to 401
dental practitioners in Korea. To assess the risk factors related to musculoskeletal
disorders, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, the Korean Occupational Stress Scale,
and Psychosocial Well-Being Index Short Form were used. General and work-related
characteristics of the subjects consisted of seven items, including age, career, height,
weight, working days/week, working hours/day, and physical strain levels. [Results] In
this study, 86.8% of the practitioners experienced musculoskeletal symptoms (shoulders,
72.8%; neck, 69.3%; waist, 68.3%; wrist, 58.4%; back, 44.1%; ankle, 38.7%; knee, 36.9%;
hip, 20.4%; and elbows, 9.2%). Moreover, psychosocial and occupational stress can affect
the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. In particular, we found that psychosocial
stress has significant influence on the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders.
[Conclusion] To increase the quality of life and provide high-quality medical service for
dental practitioners, risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders must be managed.
Accordingly, dental practitioners must maintain good posture, get an appropriate amount of
rest, and perform regular stretching exercise to reduce psychological stress and improve
the work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- KiHun Cho
- Department of Rehabilitative and Assistive Technology, Korea National Rehabilitation Research Institute, Korea National Rehabilitation Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Young Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Soon Han
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Republic of Korea
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Neupane S, Pensola T, Haukka E, Ojajärvi A, Leino-Arjas P. Does physical or psychosocial workload modify the effect of musculoskeletal pain on sickness absence? A prospective study among the Finnish population. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015. [PMID: 26715494 DOI: 10.1007/s00420–015–1110–6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previously, among food industry workers, multisite pain predicted sickness absence (SA) only in those with low biomechanical workload. Here we studied among a wide range of occupations whether the relationship of pain with SA was modified by the level of physical or psychosocial workload. METHODS A nationally representative sample (Health 2000 Survey) comprised 3420 occupationally active Finns aged 30-55 years. Baseline data on musculoskeletal pain during the preceding month, strenuous work history, current physical workload, job demands, job control, support at work, lifestyle, and chronic diseases were obtained in 2000/2001 by questionnaire, interview, and clinical examination. Musculoskeletal pain in 18 body locations was combined into four sites (neck, upper limbs, low back, and lower limbs) and classified as no pain, single-site pain, and multisite pain (2-4 sites). The data were linked with information from national registers on annual SA periods lasting ≥10 workdays for 2002-2008. Negative binomial regression analysis was used. RESULTS At baseline, one-third of the study sample reported single-site and one-third multisite pain. Allowing for gender and age, the employees with multisite pain in strata with high physical workload and high job demands tended to have the highest risk of SA, but no statistically significant interactive effects between work factors and pain were observed. Further adjustment for health-related lifestyle and chronic diseases decreased the risk estimates in all strata. CONCLUSION We did not find evidence for significant modification by physical or psychosocial workload of the relationship between musculoskeletal pain and SA periods lasting ≥10 workdays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subas Neupane
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Tiina Pensola
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Haukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Päivi Leino-Arjas
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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Neupane S, Pensola T, Haukka E, Ojajärvi A, Leino-Arjas P. Does physical or psychosocial workload modify the effect of musculoskeletal pain on sickness absence? A prospective study among the Finnish population. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 89:719-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Herrmann M, Olsson O, Fiehn R, Herrel M, Kümmerer K. The significance of different health institutions and their respective contributions of active pharmaceutical ingredients to wastewater. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 85:61-76. [PMID: 26340755 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have been frequently found in the environment. It is, however, still not quite clear who is mainly responsible for API emissions. Hospitals have been considered to be the main contributing point sources for wastewater (WW) discharge of APIs. However, recent studies have shown that the contribution of hospitals to the input of APIs into the aquatic environment is quite low. Due to demographic change and the increase of psychiatric diseases, health institutions (HIs) such as psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes are likely to be important sources as well, but no data is available in this respect. This study aims to assess the impact of HIs and to provide a methodology to measure their respective contributions. Drawing on pharmaceutical consumption data for the years 2010, 2011, and 2012, this study identified API usage patterns for a psychiatric hospital (146 beds), a nursing home (286 inhabitants), and a general hospital (741 beds), the latter of which comprises three separate locations. All the HIs are located in two sub-regions of a county district with about 400,000 citizens in southwestern Germany. A selection of neurological drugs was quantified in the sewer of these facilities to evaluate the correlation between consumption and emission. The API contribution of HIs was assessed by comparing the specific consumption in the facilities with the consumption in households, expressed as the emission potential (IEP). The study shows that the usage patterns of APIs in the psychiatric hospital and the nursing home were different from the general hospital. Neurological drugs such as anticonvulsants, psycholeptics, and psychoanaleptics were mainly consumed in the psychiatric hospital and the nursing home (74% and 65%, respectively). Predicted and average measured concentrations in the effluent of the investigated HIs differed mostly by less than one order of magnitude. Therefore, the consumption-based approach is a useful method to assess usage patterns of APIs in HIs and to predict their respective contributions to WW. The national contribution of HIs on total WW discharge of APIs compared to households was very low. Only the results for the sedative clomethiazole in general hospitals as well as the antidepressant moclobemide and the antipsychotic quetiapine for the nursing homes were found to deserve some attention. The regional comparison showed that in sub-regions with a comparably higher density of HIs, the allocated facilities could be seen as point sources emitting particular APIs. However, in general, the bulk of the consumed pharmaceuticals to WW discharge has to be attributed to households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Herrmann
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, C13, Scharnhorstrasse 1, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany; Hospital Pharmacy, Ortenau Klinikum Offenburg-Gengenbach, Ebertplatz 12, DE-77654 Offenburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, C13, Scharnhorstrasse 1, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Rainer Fiehn
- Hospital Pharmacy, Ortenau Klinikum Offenburg-Gengenbach, Ebertplatz 12, DE-77654 Offenburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Herrel
- Department of Occupational Safety and Environmental Protection, Ortenau Klinikum Offenburg-Gengenbach, Ebertplatz 12, DE-77654 Offenburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, C13, Scharnhorstrasse 1, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
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Utzet M, Moncada S, Molinero E, Navarro A. Psychosocial exposures and mental health: distribution by gender and occupational class in a population-based study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2015; 38:e537-e544. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdv175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Wang M, Björkenstam C, Alexanderson K, Runeson B, Tinghög P, Mittendorfer-Rutz E. Trajectories of Work-Related Functional Impairment prior to Suicide. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139937. [PMID: 26444997 PMCID: PMC4596705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Work-related functional impairment in terms of sickness absence and disability pension (SA/DP) has been reported to be associated with subsequent suicide. However, there is only limited knowledge on SA/DP patterns prior to suicide. The aim was to identify trajectories of work-related functional impairment prior to suicide and to describe associations of socio-demographic and medical factors with such trajectories. Methods This is a population-based retrospective cohort study of the 4 209 individuals aged 22–65 years who committed suicide during 2007–2010 in Sweden. Work-related functional impairment was measured as mean annual number of months of SA/DP. We analyzed trajectories of SA/DP during five years prior to suicide (i.e., 2002–2009) by a group-based trajectory method. Associations between socio-demographic and medical factors with different groups of trajectories were estimated by chi2-test and multinomial logistic regression. Results Five different functional impairment trajectory groups were identified prior to suicide. One group had constant low levels of SA/DP (46%), while 30% had constant high levels of SA/DP. Two groups (16%) showed increasing number of SA/DP months. The remaining 7% showed decreasing number of SA/DP months before the suicide. Sex, age, educational level, family situation, and diagnosis-specific healthcare were significantly associated with different trajectory groups (Likelihood ratio X2 tests <0.05). A larger proportion of higher educated and younger men with a lower proportion of previous suicide attempts were found in the group with constant low levels. Opposite characteristics were displayed in the group with constant high levels. Conclusions This study identified five different groups of work-related functional impairment trajectories before suicide. These differences might be partly explained by the variations in socio-demographic profiles and health care consumptions five years before suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Wang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Charlotte Björkenstam
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Alexanderson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Runeson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Tinghög
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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du Prel JB, March S, Schröder H, Peter R. [Occupational gratification crisis and sickness absence in Germany: Cross-sectional results from the lidA-study]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2015; 58:996-1004. [PMID: 26133162 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-015-2207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demographic change is leading to a shrinking and ageing workforce in industrialized nations. Therefore, sickness absence may become a relevant problem. Increasing absenteeism and retirement rates due to mental disorders raise the question of an association between work-related stress and sickness absence. Studies on this matter, particularly in older employees, are rare. OBJECTIVES We studied for the first time in Germany the relationship between effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and overall or long-term sickness absence. MATERIALS AND METHODS LidA ( "Living at Work") is a German cohort study on work, age, health, and work participation. A total of 6,339 employees born in 1959 and 1965 who were subject to social insurance contributions were interviewed nationwide using a representative sample concept. The response rate was 27.3 %. The sample showed high representativeness and no selectivity relating to 16 sociodemographic items. Sickness absence was defined as at least one long-term sickness absence with at least 43 days of absenteeism. Work-related stress was parameterized by ERI tertiles. Multiple logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, mental disorders, social status, and working time was performed. RESULTS High levels of work-related stress were significantly associated with overall and long-term sickness absence among older employees after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Our unique findings on work-related stress and sickness absence in Germany are in agreement with the results of most international studies. Reducing work-related stress could help to preserve the workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptist du Prel
- Institut für Sicherheitstechnik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Deutschland,
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da Silva-Junior JS, Fischer FM. Long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders is associated with individual features and psychosocial work conditions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115885. [PMID: 25531900 PMCID: PMC4274157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sickness absence is a socioeconomic global burden. In Brazil, mental disorders are the third leading cause of social security benefits payments. The aim of the present study was to compare factors associated with long-term sickness absence between workers who claimed social benefits due to mental disorders or by other causes. We investigated individual features and occupational characteristics. In addition, we evaluated psychosocial factors at work assessed by the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) and Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) models, and whether they were associated with long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (LTSA-MD). METHODS The present case-control study was conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. The sample (n = 385) included workers on sick leave for more than 15 days. Cases were the participants with disabling psychiatric illnesses, and controls were the ones with other disabling diseases. Interviews were conducted to assess individual features (sociodemographic data, health habits/lifestyle, health conditions) and occupational characteristics. The participants' perception of exposure to dimensions of the DCS and ERI models was also recorded. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the association between independent variables and LTSA-MD. RESULTS All the regression analyses showed that LTSA-MD was associated with female sex, self-reported white skin color, higher education level, high tobacco consumption, high alcohol intake, two or more comorbidities, exposure to violence at work, high job strain and low social support at work, effort-reward imbalance and high overcommitment to work. LTSA-MD was associated with separate and combined DCS and ERI stress models. CONCLUSIONS Individual features and work conditions were associated with LTSA-MD. Combined analysis of stress models showed that psychosocial factors at work were significantly associated with LTSA-MD. Resourceful use of this information may contribute to the implementation of preventive actions and strategies to facilitate return to work targeting the populations most susceptible to mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Silvestre da Silva-Junior
- National Social Security Institute, Ministry of Social Security, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Frida Marina Fischer
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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