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Muangpaisan W, Wichansawakun S, Huynh DTT, Intalapaporn S, Chalermsri C, Thititagul O, Chupisanyarote K, Chuansangeam M, Laiteerapong A, Yalawar M, Huang C, Tey SL, Liu Z. Effects of a Specialized Oral Nutritional Supplement with Dietary Counseling on Nutritional Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults at Risk of Malnutrition: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:104. [PMID: 39195134 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) along with dietary counseling (DC) in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition. In this randomized controlled trial, 196 older adults who were at risk of malnutrition, as identified by the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) were randomly assigned to receive ONSs twice daily with DC (intervention) or DC-only (control) for 60 days. Primary outcome was change in body weight from baseline to day 60. Nutritional status, energy, and macronutrient intakes were measured. A significant larger weight gain was observed in the intervention compared to the control from baseline to day 60 (1.50 ± 0.22 kg, p < 0.0001). The intervention group also showed a significantly greater increase in weight at day 30 (p < 0.0001). Intakes of energy and macronutrients were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group at both days 30 and 60 (all p < 0.0001). The odds of achieving better nutritional status were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (OR:3.9, 95% CI: 1.9, 8.2, p = 0.0001). ONS supplementation combined with DC significantly improved body weight and nutritional outcomes in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerasak Muangpaisan
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Dieu Thi Thu Huynh
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Somboon Intalapaporn
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chalobol Chalermsri
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Ornicha Thititagul
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Menaka Yalawar
- Biostatistics and Statistical Programming, Cognizant Technologies Solution Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore 560092, India
| | - Chengrong Huang
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Asia-Pacific Center, Singapore 138668, Singapore
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Agarwal S, Fulgoni VL. Beef Consumption Is Associated with Higher Intakes and Adequacy of Key Nutrients in Older Adults Age 60+ Years: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018 Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1779. [PMID: 38892711 PMCID: PMC11175031 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Beef is an important source of high-quality protein and several micronutrients, including iron, zinc, and B vitamins. We determined beef intake and its relationship with intakes of nutrients and their adequacy using 24 h dietary recall data from 5868 older adults. Usual intakes from foods were determined using the National Cancer Institute method, and the percent of the population below the estimated average requirement or above adequate intake was estimated. A high percentage of older adults did not meet nutrient recommendations for vitamin D (96%), choline (96%), vitamin E (84%), potassium (70%), calcium (63%), magnesium (60%), vitamin C (46%), vitamin A (39%), zinc (21%), vitamin B6 (19%), and folate (15%). About 68% of older adults were beef consumers with a mean intake of 56 g/day. Beef consumers had higher (p < 0.05) intakes of energy, protein, calcium, iron, phosphorus, selenium, sodium, zinc, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B12, and choline, and a higher (p < 0.05) proportion met nutrient recommendations for protein, calcium, copper, zinc, thiamin, folate, and vitamin B12 than non-consumers. Consumers of fresh, ground, and processed beef also had generally higher intakes and lower inadequacies of many nutrients depending on the beef type. In conclusion, older adults generally had poor nutrient adequacy from their diets, while beef consumers had higher nutrient intakes and adequacy for certain key nutrients, which are inherently generally available from beef or from foods consumed with beef.
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Kunvik S, Kanninen JC, Holm A, Suominen MH, Kautiainen H, Puustinen J. Nutritional Status and Health-Related Quality of Life among Home-Dwelling Older Adults Aged 75 Years: The PORI75 Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1713. [PMID: 38892646 PMCID: PMC11174355 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition in older people has been considered as a health concern associated with a range of implications for health and functional ability. However, evidence of nutrition and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older people is limited. The aim of this study was to study the associations between nutritional status and HRQoL among home-dwelling older adults aged 75 years. In this cross-sectional study, we studied 75-year-old home-dwelling residents who participated in PORI75 preventive health screenings in 2020 and completed the full Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). The participants' HRQoL was measured using the 15D instrument. Altogether, 462 participants (60% women) were included. Of these, 11% had decreased nutritional status (MNA score < 24); 12.7% were women and 8.6% were men, with no difference between the sexes (p = 0.17). A relationship was found between HRQoL and the MNA: a decreased MNA score was associated with decreased HRQoL (p < 0.001, r = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.53). All 15 HRQoL dimensions (except hearing) were associated with the MNA score. Among the men, the association was stronger compared to the women, especially when the MNA score was <24, indicating decreased nutritional status. In conclusion, impaired nutritional status seems to be associated with impaired HRQoL among 75-year-old people living at home, especially among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Kunvik
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, 28100 Pori, Finland
| | - Jonna-Carita Kanninen
- Faculty of Technology, Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, 28100 Pori, Finland
| | - Anu Holm
- Faculty of Technology, Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, 28100 Pori, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Merja H. Suominen
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Puustinen
- Unit of Neurology, Satasairaala Central Hospital, Satakunta Wellbeing County, 28500 Pori, Finland
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Loda I, D’Angelo E, Marzetti E, Kerminen H. Prevention, Assessment, and Management of Malnutrition in Older Adults with Early Stages of Cognitive Disorders. Nutrients 2024; 16:1566. [PMID: 38892503 PMCID: PMC11173938 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is common in older adults, and its risk is greater in those living with dementia. Relative to cognitively healthy peers, the prevalence of malnutrition is also increased in individuals with early stages of cognitive disorders owing to pathophysiological, cognitive, and psychosocial changes related to cognitive impairment. Malnutrition is associated with adverse health outcomes, including faster cognitive and functional decline. Here, we provide an overview of the prevention, assessment, and management of malnutrition in older adults, with a special focus on the aspects that are important to consider in individuals with early stages of cognitive disorders. Strategies to prevent malnutrition include systematic screening for malnourishment using validated tools to detect those at risk. If the screening reveals an increased risk of malnutrition, a detailed assessment including the individual's nutritional, medical, and functional status as well as dietary intake should be performed. The management of malnutrition in the early stages of cognitive disorders should be based on the findings of a comprehensive assessment and be personalized according to the individual's specific characteristics. In the article, we also provide an overview of the evidence on vitamin supplements and specific dietary patterns to prevent cognitive decline or attenuate its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Loda
- Scuola di Specialità in Geriatria, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Emanuela D’Angelo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Hanna Kerminen
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, The Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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Low E, D’Cunha NM, Georgousopoulou E, Naumovski N, Bacon R, Isbel S, Brocklehurst M, Reynolds M, Ryan D, Kellett J. Risk of Social Isolation as a Contributing Factor to Diet Quality in Community-Dwelling Older Persons Living in the Australian Capital Territory-A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:539. [PMID: 38470650 PMCID: PMC10930706 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social isolation is recognised as a risk factor in the inflammatory process. This study explored the association between social isolation and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) in community-dwelling older persons. METHODS This cross-sectional pilot study recruited 107 community-dwelling people aged over 55 years living in the Australian Capital Territory. Participants completed an extensive food frequency questionnaire and provided anthropometric and sociodemographic data. Social isolation was evaluated using the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS). Diet quality was assessed using DII. RESULTS Average age was 70.1 (±8.61) years and 62.8% were female. The average DII score was -1.10 (±1.21), indicating an anti-inflammatory diet. Higher LSNS was associated with lower DII (b (95% CI) = -0.041 (-0.066, -0.17); p < 0.01) and was positively influenced by the number of people in household (b (95% CI) = 5.731 (2.336, 9.127); p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Increased risk of social isolation was associated with an increased tendency towards a more inflammatory diet. Reducing social isolation may decrease the inflammatory component of dietary intake for older persons living independently in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Low
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
- Centre for Ageing, Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Nathan M. D’Cunha
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
- Centre for Ageing, Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Ekavi Georgousopoulou
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Rachel Bacon
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Stephen Isbel
- Centre for Ageing, Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
- Discipline of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Megan Brocklehurst
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Daena Ryan
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Jane Kellett
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.M.D.); (E.G.); (N.N.); (R.B.); (J.K.)
- Centre for Ageing, Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
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Visser M, Sealy MJ, Leistra E, Naumann E, De van der Schueren MAE, Jager-Wittenaar H. The Malnutrition Awareness Scale for community-dwelling older adults: Development and psychometric properties. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:446-452. [PMID: 38181522 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Qualitative studies suggest that malnutrition awareness is poor in older adults. The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire to quantitatively assess malnutrition awareness in community-dwelling older adults aged 60+ years. METHODS The Malnutrition Awareness Scale (MAS) was developed based on the awareness phase of the Integrated-Change model, and included four domains: knowledge, perceived cues, risk perceptions, and cognizance. Twenty-six scale items were developed using results from mainly qualitative research and the expertise of the authors. Items were piloted in 10 Dutch older adults using the Thinking Aloud method to optimize wording. In a feasibility study, annoyance, difficulty and time to complete the MAS and its comprehensibility were tested. After final revisions, the MAS was applied to a large sample to test its psychometric properties (i.e., inter-item correlations, Cronbach's alpha, score distribution) and relevance of the items was rated on a 5-point scale by 12 experts to determine content validity. RESULTS The feasibility study (n = 42, 55 % women, 19 % 80+ y) showed that the MAS took 12 ± 6 min to complete. Most participants found it not (at all) annoying (81 %) and not (at all) difficult (79 %) to complete the MAS, and found it (very) comprehensible (83 %). Psychometric analyses (n = 216, 63 % women, 28 % 80+ y) showed no redundant items, but two items correlated negatively with other items, and one correlated very low. After removal, the final MAS consists of 23 items with a min-max scoring range from 0 to 22 (with higher scores indicating higher awareness) and an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.67. The mean MAS score in our sample (n = 216) was 14.8 ± 3.2. The lowest obtained score was 6 (n = 3) and the highest 22 (n = 1), indicating no floor or ceiling effects. Based on the relevance rating, the overall median across all 22 items was 4.0 with IQR 4.0-5.0. CONCLUSION The Malnutrition Awareness Scale is a novel, feasible and reliable tool with good content validity to quantitively assess malnutrition awareness in community-dwelling older adults. The scale is now ready to identify groups with poor malnutrition awareness, as a basis to start interventions to increase malnutrition knowledge and awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M J Sealy
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - E Leistra
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E Naumann
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Lifestyle, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Postbus 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Dutch Malnutrition Center of Expertise, The Netherlands.
| | - M A E De van der Schueren
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Lifestyle, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Postbus 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - H Jager-Wittenaar
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Research Unit Experimental Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy and Human Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Bak NK, Rohde PD, Kristensen TN. Strong Sex-Dependent Effects of Malnutrition on Life- and Healthspan in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECTS 2023; 15:9. [PMID: 38249015 PMCID: PMC10816799 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient intake of essential nutrients, malnutrition is a major issue for millions of people and has a strong impact on the distribution and abundance of species in nature. In this study, we investigated the effect of malnutrition on several fitness components in the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster. Four diets with different nutritional values, including three diluted diets of an optimal nutritional balanced diet, were used as feed sources. The effect of malnutrition on fitness components linked to healthspan, the period of life spent in good health conditions, was evaluated by quantifying the flies' lifespan, locomotor activity, heat stress tolerance, lipid content, and dry weight. The results showed that malnutrition had severe negative impact, such as reduced lifespan, locomotor activity, heat stress tolerance, fat content, and dry weight. The negative phenotypic effects were highly sex-dependent, with males being more negatively impacted by malnutrition compared to females. These findings highlight important detrimental and sex-specific effects of malnutrition not only on lifespan but also on traits related to healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Klausholt Bak
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, DK 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Palle Duun Rohde
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, DK 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, DK 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
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Kinoshita K, Otsuka R, Takada M, Nishita Y, Tange C, Jinzu H, Suzuki K, Shimokata H, Imaizumi A, Arai H. Dietary amino acid intake and sleep duration are additively involved in future cognitive decline in Japanese adults aged 60 years or over: a community-based longitudinal study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:653. [PMID: 37821805 PMCID: PMC10568860 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep duration and amino acid intake are independently associated with cognitive decline. This study aimed to determine the longitudinal association between sleep duration and cognitive impairment incidence and to examine the involvement of diet, particularly amino acid intake, in these associations in community dwellers. METHODS In this longitudinal study in a community-based setting, we analyzed data from 623 adults aged 60-83 years without cognitive impairment at baseline. Sleep duration was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Amino acid intake was assessed using 3-day dietary records. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination score ≤ 27. Participants were classified into short-, moderate-, and long-sleep groups according to baseline sleep duration (≤ 6, 7-8, and > 8 h, respectively). Using moderate sleep as a reference, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of short- and long-sleep for cognitive-impairment incidence were estimated using the generalized estimating equation. Participants were classified according to sex-stratified quartiles (Q) of 19 amino acid intake: Q1 and Q2-Q4 were low- and middle to high-intake groups, respectively. Using middle- to high-intake as a reference, ORs and 95% CIs of low intake for cognitive impairment incidence were estimated using the generalized estimating equation in each sleep-duration group. Follow-up period, sex, age, body mass index, depressive symptoms, education, smoking status, employment status, sleep aids use, physical activity, medical history, and Mini-Mental State Examination score at baseline were covariates. RESULTS Mean follow-up period was 6.9 ± 2.1 years. Adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for cognitive impairment in short- and long-sleep groups were 0.81 (0.49-1.35, P = 0.423) and 1.41 (1.05-1.87, P = 0.020), respectively. Particularly in long sleepers (i.e., > 8 h), cognitive impairment was significantly associated with low cystine, proline, and serine intake [adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for cognitive impairment were 2.17 (1.15-4.11, P = 0.017), 1.86 (1.07-3.23, P = 0.027), and 2.21 (1.14-4.29, P = 0.019), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 60 years who sleep longer are more likely to have cognitive decline, and attention should be paid to the low cystine, proline, and serine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kinoshita
- Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Rei Otsuka
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Michihiro Takada
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, AJINOMOTO CO., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chikako Tange
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Jinzu
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, AJINOMOTO CO., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuya Suzuki
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, AJINOMOTO CO., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, AJINOMOTO CO., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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9
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Dufe Turkson RK, Ngounda J, Nel R, Walsh CM. The nutritional status of community-dwelling elderly in Lesotho and factors associated with malnutrition. Nutr Health 2023; 29:513-522. [PMID: 35195475 PMCID: PMC10503240 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221082368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The elderly living in Africa are prone to malnutrition which is complicated by the high prevalence of poverty. This study assessed the nutritional status of the elderly and factors associated with malnutrition. Method: In a cross-sectional survey, the nutritional status of 300 participants aged 65 years and older was determined using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire consisting of 18 questions. Socio-demographic data was obtained using a questionnaire. Results: Sixty-six percent were at risk of malnutrition, while 14.6% (n = 44) were malnourished. Participants that did not use electricity as a fuel for cooking versus those that did, had higher odds of being malnourished/ at risk of malnutrition (OR = 1.85 [1.04; 3.31]). Those that did not experience psychological stress or acute disease versus those that did, had lower odds of being malnourished/at risk of malnutrition (OR = 0.33 [0.12; 0.90]). Participants that did not perceive nutritional problems versus those that did, had lower odds of being malnourished/at risk of malnutrition (OR = 0.18 [0.09; 0.34]). Similarly, those that did not perceive their health status as poor versus those that did, had lower odds of being malnourished/at risk of malnutrition (OR = 0.17 [0.08; 0.34]). Discussion: The findings indicate that the elderly with more resources, less stress, and better actual and perceived health were less likely to be malnourished. In such communities, routine screening in the elderly is required to identify those with compromised health and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Kokui Dufe Turkson
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Ngounda
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Riette Nel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Corinna May Walsh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Otsuka R, Zhang S, Furuya K, Tange C, Sala G, Ando F, Shimokata H, Nishita Y, Arai H. Association between short-chain fatty acid intake and development of muscle strength loss among community-dwelling older Japanese adults. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112080. [PMID: 36634721 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been suggested to be associated with skeletal muscle mass maintenance. However, the role of dietary SCFAs in preserving muscle strength in the older population remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To clarify the longitudinal association between the dietary intake of SCFAs and the development of low muscle strength in older community dwellers. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging cohort. The participants included 441 men and 382 women who participated in the baseline survey (the fifth wave, between 2006 and 2008) and at least one follow-up examination (sixth to ninth waves, between 2008 and 2022) and were ≥60 years old and did not have low muscle strength (defined as a grip strength of <28 kg for men and <18 kg for women) at baseline. Baseline nutrient intakes were assessed with a 3-day dietary record. A generalized estimating equation was employed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for low muscle strength per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in the intake of SCFAs and other nutrients at baseline (adjusted for sex, age, follow-up time, baseline grip strength, physical activity, smoking, family income, education, and disease histories). RESULTS The mean (SD) follow-up time and number were 7.8 (3.2) years and 3.2 (1.0) times, respectively. Approximately 8.1 % of the participants exhibited muscle strength loss in at least one follow-up assessment. The multivariate-adjusted OR (95 % CIs) was 0.77 (0.63-0.93) for each 1-SD increase in SCFA intake (268 mg/day), and the ORs for the highest through the lowest tertiles of SCFA intake were 1.00 (reference), 1.44 (0.95-2.17), and 1.83 (1.20-2.78), respectively (trend p = 0.005). The results remained significant after multivariate adjusting for energy or fat intake. CONCLUSION Dietary intake of SCFAs may prevent muscle strength decline in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Otsuka
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kanae Furuya
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Chikako Tange
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Giovanni Sala
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Fujiko Ando
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, Aichi 480-1197, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi 470-0196, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
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11
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Borkent JW, Van Hout HPJ, Feskens EJM, Naumann E, de van der Schueren MAE. Diseases, Health-Related Problems, and the Incidence of Malnutrition in Long-Term Care Facilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3170. [PMID: 36833865 PMCID: PMC9959926 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Certain diseases and malnutrition are known to co-occur in residents of long-term care facilities (LTCF). We assessed which diseases and health-related problems are associated with malnutrition at admission or with incident malnutrition during stays and how different definitions of malnutrition affect these associations. Data of Dutch LTCF residents were obtained from the InterRAI-LTCF instrument (2005-2020). We analyzed the association of diseases (diabetes, cancer, pressure ulcers, neurological, musculoskeletal, psychiatric, cardiac, infectious and pulmonary diseases) and health-related problems (aspiration, fever, peripheral edema, aphasia, pain, supervised/assisted eating, balance, psychiatric, GI tract, sleep, dental and locomotion problems) with malnutrition (recent weight loss (WL), low age-specific BMI (BMI), and ESPEN 2015 definition (ESPEN)) at admission (n = 3713), as well as with incident malnutrition during stay (n = 3836, median follow-up ~1 year). Malnutrition prevalence at admission ranged from 8.8% (WL) to 27.4% (BMI); incident malnutrition during stay ranged from 8.9% (ESPEN) to 13.8% (WL). At admission, most diseases (except cardiometabolic diseases) and health-related problems were associated with higher prevalence of malnutrition based on either criterion, but strongest with WL. This was also seen in the prospective analysis, but relationships were less strong compared to the cross-sectional analysis. A considerable number of diseases and health-related problems are associated with an increased prevalence of malnutrition at admission and incident malnutrition during stays in LTCFs. At admission, low BMI is a good indicator of malnutrition; during stays, we advise use of WL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos W. Borkent
- Department of Nutrition and Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Kapittelweg 33, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hein P. J. Van Hout
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of General Practice and Medicine for Older Persons, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorsstraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J. M. Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elke Naumann
- Department of Nutrition and Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Kapittelweg 33, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian A. E. de van der Schueren
- Department of Nutrition and Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Kapittelweg 33, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Rautakallio-Järvinen P, Kunvik S, Laaksonen M, Salonoja M, Fogelholm L, Suominen M, Sievänen H, Vähä-Ypyä H, Nykänen I, Schwab U. Risk of Malnutrition and Insufficient Protein Intake among Older People Living at Home: Baseline Findings of the Power Meals Study. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 41:257-269. [PMID: 36459463 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2022.2148803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the nutritional status, nutrient intake and associated factors among older home care clients, caregivers and care recipients (≥65 years) living at home. There were a total of 78 participants, with a mean age of 78 ± 7.4 years. Nutritional status was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), nutrient intake with a three-day food record, sarcopenia with a Simple Questionnaire to Rapidly Diagnose Sarcopenia (SARC) and depression with The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Almost one-third (32.1%) were at risk of malnutrition and 2.6% suffered from malnutrition. Impaired nutritional status was associated with depressive symptoms (β = -0.277, p = 0.015) and risk of sarcopenia (SARC points) (β = -0.401, p = 0.001). Mean protein intake was 0.9 ± 0.3 g/adjusted body weight/day. Intakes of protein and multiple vitamins and minerals were lower than recommended. In conclusion, a third of older people living at home were at risk of malnutrition or malnourished. Multiple physical, psychological and social factors in older adults were associated with nutritional status and protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rautakallio-Järvinen
- Pori Health and Social Services, Pori, Finland.,School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Merja Suominen
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Irma Nykänen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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13
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Impact of Cafeteria Service Discontinuation at a Dialysis Facility on Medium-Term Nutritional Status of Elderly Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081628. [PMID: 35458190 PMCID: PMC9031672 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite evident lifestyle changes due to measures against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, few reports focus on the effects of eating-behavior changes on the nutritional status of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Thus, we examined dry-weight reduction, the simplest indicator of malnutrition among patients undergoing dialysis, and its association with the discontinuation of cafeteria services at a dialysis facility as per COVID-19 measures. This retrospective study included elderly patients (aged ≥ 65 years) undergoing HD at the Nagasaki Renal Center between December 2020 and October 2021. We collected nutrition-related data and patient characteristics and evaluated the association between the service discontinuation and dry-weight reduction 10 months after the discontinuation using multivariable logistic regression. This study included 204 patients, 79 of which were cafeteria users. During the observation period, cafeteria users showed significant dry-weight reduction; however, this was not observed among non-users. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated a close association between dry-weight reduction and the service discontinuation. That is, the dietary services cancelation caused dry-weight reduction in patients who relied on the cafeteria. As elderly patients undergoing HD are vulnerable to changes in their eating environment, alternative nutritional management methods need to be considered.
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14
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Trends in undernutrition mortality among children under five years of age and adults over 60. BIOMÉDICA 2022; 42:41-53. [PMID: 35471169 PMCID: PMC9048577 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Children under five years of age living in poor areas and with low availability of healthy food have a higher risk of undernutrition-related mortality. However, this relationship has not been well established among older adults. Objective: To analyse socioeconomic inequality trends related to undernutrition mortality in children under five years of age and adults over 60 in Colombian municipalities during 2003-2009 and 2010-2016. Materials and methods: We conducted an ecological study of trends between 2003 and 2016. The study population consisted of children under five years of age and adults over 60 residing in the Colombian municipalities during the study period. We estimated smoothed and standardized mortality rates by fitting a hierarchical Bayesian model and explored their relationship with five socioeconomic area-level variables. Results: In most of the municipalities, undernutrition-related mortality was three times higher in older adults compared to children. Moreover, the difference in the risk of undernutrition-related mortality between municipalities showed a marked reduction. Finally, the poor and less developed municipalities had higher rates of undernutrition-related mortality in children; conversely, wealthier territories had higher rates in older adults. Conclusions: Although in most of the municipalities the mortality rates due to undernutrition in children under five and older adults have decreased, their socioeconomic conditions influence in different ways the risk of mortality for these two populations so there is the need to develop age-specific strategies to close social gaps considering the structural conditions of the areas.
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15
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Kinoshita K, Otsuka R, Nishita Y, Tange C, Tomida M, Zhang S, Ando F, Shimokata H, Arai H. Breakfast Protein Quality and Muscle Strength in Japanese Older Adults: A Community-Based Longitudinal Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2022; 23:729-735.e2. [PMID: 35007507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The amount of breakfast protein intake is important for maintaining muscle strength. However, the effect of breakfast protein quality (ie, bioavailability) remains unclear. We investigated the association between breakfast protein quality and the incidence of muscle weakness. DESIGN Longitudinal study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Healthy older adults age 60-83 years without stroke, arthritis, Parkinson disease, or muscle weakness at baseline (maximum follow-up period and participations were 9.2 years and 5 times, respectively). METHODS Weakness was defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria, using grip strength. Breakfast protein quality was evaluated using the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), where higher scores represent higher quality, calculated from 3-day dietary records. Participants were classified according to sex-stratified tertiles of breakfast PDCAAS (ie, low to high groups). The association between PDCAAS and incident weakness was analyzed using the generalized estimating equation, after adjusting for sex, age, follow-up time, grip strength, body mass index, physical activity, cognition, education, smoking, economics, medical history, lunch and dinner PDCAASs, and energy and protein intake during 3 regular meals at baseline. RESULTS Overall, 14.4% of the initial sample was excluded owing to a diagnosis of weakness-related diseases, and 58.3% (n = 701) had at least 1 follow-up measurement for inclusion in the analysis. The mean ± SD follow-up period was 6.9 ± 2.1 years; the cumulative number of participants was 3019, and 282 developed weakness. Using the low PDCAAS group as the reference, the adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for incident weakness in the middle and high PDCAAS groups were 0.71 (0.43-1.18) and 0.50 (0.29-0.86), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Higher breakfast protein quality was associated with a reduction in incident weakness in older adults, independent of protein intake. These findings may highlight the role of protein quality for muscle health in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kinoshita
- Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rei Otsuka
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chikako Tange
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makiko Tomida
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fujiko Ando
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nissin, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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16
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Lai WY, Chiu YC, Lu KC, Huang IT, Tsai PS, Huang CJ. Beneficial effects of preoperative oral nutrition supplements on postoperative outcomes in geriatric hip fracture patients: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27755. [PMID: 34964732 PMCID: PMC8615416 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geriatric hip fracture patients often present malnutrition during admission, which leads to higher morbidity and mortality. Protein-based oral nutrition supplements may improve nutritional status. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) according to the PRISMA guidelines to elucidate whether preoperative nutrition supplements can improve postoperative outcomes in geriatric hip fracture patients. METHODS Only RCTs conducted to compare postoperative outcomes between geriatric hip fracture patients (>60 years old) receiving preoperative oral protein-based nutrition supplement (ONS group) and those who receiving regular diet (Control group) were included. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until August, 2021. Postoperative outcomes, including complications, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality, were assessed. RESULTS A total of 5 RCTs with 654 geriatric hip fracture patients (ONS group: 320 subjects; Control group 334 subjects) were included. Our data revealed that postoperative complications risk in the ONS group was significantly lower than in the Control group (odd's ratio: 0.48, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.26-0.89, P = .02, I2 = 64%). However, no significant differences in the length of hospital stay (standardized mean difference: -0.35 days, 95% CI: -1.68 to 0.98 days, P = .61, I2 = 0%) and the risk of having postoperative in-hospital mortality (odd's ratio: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.43-2.63, P = .89, I2 = 54%) between these 2 groups were observed. Quality assessment revealed high risk of bias and significant data heterogeneity (I2>50%) in most included RCTs. CONCLUSION Preoperative protein-based oral nutrition supplements exert beneficial, but limited, effects on postoperative outcomes in geriatric patients with hip fracture undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Tao Huang
- Emergency Department, Redcliffe Hospital, QLD, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of Big Data and Meta-analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Mathewson SL, Azevedo PS, Gordon AL, Phillips BE, Greig CA. Overcoming protein-energy malnutrition in older adults in the residential care setting: A narrative review of causes and interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101401. [PMID: 34237434 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition, in particular protein-energy malnutrition, is a highly prevalent condition in older adults, and is associated with low muscle mass and function, and increased prevalence of physical frailty. Malnutrition is often exacerbated in the residential care setting due to factors including lack of dentition and appetite, and increased prevalence of dementia and dysphagia. This review aims to provide an overview of the available literature in older adults in the residential care setting regarding the following: links between sarcopenia, frailty, and malnutrition (in particular, protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)), recognition and diagnosis of malnutrition, factors contributing to PEM, and the effectiveness of different forms of protein supplementation (in particular, oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) and protein-fortified foods (PFF)) to target PEM. This review found a lack of consensus on effective malnutrition diagnostic tools and lack of universal requirement for malnutrition screening in the residential care setting, making identifying and treating malnutrition in this population a challenge. When assessing the use of protein supplementation in the residential care setting, the two primary forms of supplementation were ONS and PFF. There is evidence that ONS and PFF increase protein and energy intakes in residential care setting, yet compliance with supplementation and their impact on functional status is unclear and conflicting. Further research comparing the use of ONS and PFF is needed to fully determine feasibility and efficacy of protein supplementation in the residential care setting.
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18
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Diet quality in middle-aged and older women with and without body weight dissatisfaction: results from a population-based national nutrition survey in Switzerland. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e38. [PMID: 34367623 PMCID: PMC8342191 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Body weight dissatisfaction is associated with unhealthy dietary behaviours in young adults, but data are scarce regarding how this relationship evolves with age. The objectives of the present study were to assess the prevalence of body weight dissatisfaction and the association between body weight dissatisfaction, nutrient intake and diet quality in middle-aged and older women. We used data of a population-based sample of 468 middle-aged (50–64 y/o) and older (65–75 y/o) women, extracted from the cross-sectional 2014–15 Swiss National Nutrition Survey. Body weight dissatisfaction was assessed by questionnaire. Dietitians assessed dietary intakes using two non-consecutive computer-assisted multi-pass 24-h dietary recalls and performed anthropometric measurements. Nutrient intakes were calculated and compared with national dietary guidelines, and diet quality scored with the 2010 Alternate Healthy Eating Index (2010-AHEI). 41⋅1 % of women reported body weight dissatisfaction, and 49⋅8 % wanted to lose weight. Body weight dissatisfaction was associated with weight loss desire and a higher body mass index (BMI; P < 0⋅001). Women with body weight dissatisfaction consumed significantly less carbohydrates and dietary fibres, even when BMI was controlled for (P < 0⋅05). They also fell short of national dietary guidelines for magnesium and iron. Body weight dissatisfied women obtained lower 2010-AHEI scores than satisfied women (β −4⋅36, 95 % CI −6⋅78, −1⋅93). However, this association disappeared when the BMI was introduced in the equation. This highlights the importance of targeting both body dissatisfaction and unhealthy eating in obesity prevention and treatment at all ages.
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Broeckhoven I, Verbeke W, Tur-Cardona J, Speelman S, Hung Y. Consumer valuation of carbon labeled protein-enriched burgers in European older adults. Food Qual Prefer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Kunvik S, Rautakallio-Järvinen P, Laaksonen M, Valve R, Salonoja M, Fogelholm L, Suominen MH. Effects of Home-Delivered Meals on Older People's Protein Intake, Physical Performance, and Health-Related Quality of Life: The Power Meals Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 40:125-149. [PMID: 33684023 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2021.1892562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This trial examined the effectiveness of an 8-week home meal service on protein and other nutrient intake, physical performance (PP) and health related quality of life (HRQoL) among older people living at home (≥65 years; home care clients, caregivers and care recipients). Participants were randomized into three groups; (1) protein-rich meal, snack, and bread (INT1), (2) regular meal (INT2) and (3) control group. Nutrient intake was assessed with 3-day food diaries, PP with Short Physical Performance Battery (SBBP) and HRQoL with 15 dimensional Health-related quality of life instrument. Total of 67 (59.7% women, mean age 78.2 years) participants (n = 22 INT1, n = 24 INT2, n = 21 CG) completed the trial. At baseline, mean protein intake was 0.92 (SD 0.32) g/kg adjusted body weight (aBW)/d. At 8 weeks, protein-rich home meal service in INT1 increased protein intake (+ 0.11 (95%CI -0.01 to 0.21) g/kg aBW/d, 9.4 (95%CI 1.0 to 17.8) g/d) compared to other groups. It also increased calcium intake (+169.9 (95%CI 26 to 314) mg/d) and improved results in Sit-to-Stand Test (-4.8 (95%CI -6.8 to -2.7) sec) in INT1 compared to CG. Both home meal services increased saturated fat intake (INT1; 4.6 (95%CI 1.0-8.2) g/d, INT2;7.8 (95%CI 1.9 to 13.7)g/d) and decreased salt intake (INT1;-2330.9 (95%CI -2998 to -1664) mg/d, INT2; -2371.9 (95%CI -3399 to -1345) mg/d) compared to CG. There was no effect on overall HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Kunvik
- Pori Social and Health Services, Pori, Finland.,Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Raisa Valve
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Merja H Suominen
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Castro PD, Reynolds CM, Kennelly S, Geraghty AA, Finnigan K, McCullagh L, Gibney ER, Perrotta C, Corish CA. An investigation of community-dwelling older adults' opinions about their nutritional needs and risk of malnutrition; a scoping review. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2936-2945. [PMID: 33422348 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Understanding how older adults perceive their nutritional needs and malnutrition risk is important to inform strategies to improve prevention and management of the condition. This scoping review aimed to identify, characterize and summarize the findings from studies analysing community-dwelling older adults' opinions and perceptions towards their nutritional needs and malnutrition risk. METHODS An electronic literature search was carried out using three databases, Pubmed, Embase, and CINAHL up to January 2020. Articles were reviewed following PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS A total of 16,190 records were identified and reviewed with 15 studies being included, all of which were conducted in high income countries. Common conceptual categories that were identified included; older community-dwelling adults consider that a healthy diet for them is the same as that recommended for the general population, consisting of fruits, vegetables, reduced fat and reduced sugar. Weight loss was seen as a positive outcome and a normal component of the ageing process. Lack of appetite was identified by participants in the majority of studies as a barrier to food intake. CONCLUSIONS This review shows how older community-dwelling adults, with a high risk of malnutrition, follow dietary public health recommendations for the general population and have a greater awareness of the risks of overweight. The implementation of nutritional guidelines that consider the nutritional needs of all older adults and education of non-dietetic community healthcare professionals on providing appropriate nutritional advice to this population are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Dominguez Castro
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland; UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Ciara Me Reynolds
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland; UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Sharon Kennelly
- National Primary Care Division, Community Funded Schemes Service Improvement, Mountmellick Primary Care Building, Co. Laois, Republic of Ireland
| | - Aisling A Geraghty
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland; UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Karen Finnigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - Laura McCullagh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Carla Perrotta
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Clare A Corish
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland; UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
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22
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Wu XS, Miles A, Braakhuis A. Nutritional Intake and Meal Composition of Patients Consuming Texture Modified Diets and Thickened Fluids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:E579. [PMID: 33371326 PMCID: PMC7767351 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Texture-modified diets (TMDs) play an important role in ensuring safety for those with dysphagia but come with risks to nutrition and quality of life. The use of TMDs has been addressed with the increasing prevalence of dysphagia in previous decades. However, there is limited literature that investigates the nutrition perspectives of TMD consumers. This review summarises the nutrition outcomes of adults consuming TMDs and thickened fluids (TFs) and identifies the limitations of TMD and TF productions. A systematic database search following PICO criteria was conducted using Cochrane Central (via Ovid), MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. Nutrition intake, meal consumption, adequacy, and meal composition were identified as relevant outcomes. 35 studies were included for analysis. Consumption of TMDs demonstrated a poorer intake compared to regular diets, in particular significant in energy and calcium. Meta-analysis of mean differences showed favourable effects of shaped TMDs on both energy (-273.8 kJ/d; 95%CI: -419.1 to -128.6, p = 0.0002) and protein (-12.4 g/d; 95%CI: -17.9 to -6.8, p < 0.0001) intake compared to traditional cook-fresh TMDs. Nutrition intake was compromised in TMD consumers. Optimisation of nutrition intake was achievable through enrichment and adjusting meal texture and consistency. However, the heterogeneity of studies and the missing verification of the consistencies lead to difficulty in drawing conclusions regarding particular texture or intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Sharon Wu
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Discipline of Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Anna Miles
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Speech Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Andrea Braakhuis
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Discipline of Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
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23
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Anjorin AA, Abioye AI, Asowata OE, Soipe A, Kazeem MI, Adesanya IO, Raji MA, Adesanya M, Oke FA, Lawal FJ, Kasali BA, Omotayo MO. Comorbidities and the COVID-19 pandemic dynamics in Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 26:2-13. [PMID: 33012053 PMCID: PMC7675305 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The debate around the COVID‐19 response in Africa has mostly focused on effects and implications of public health measures, in light of the socio‐economic peculiarities of the continent. However, there has been limited exploration of the impact of differences in epidemiology of key comorbidities, and related healthcare factors, on the course and parameters of the pandemic. We summarise what is known about (a) the pathophysiological processes underlying the interaction of coinfections and comorbidities in shaping prognosis of COVID‐19 patients, (b) the epidemiology of key coinfections and comorbidities, and the state of related healthcare infrastructure that might shape the course of the pandemic, and (c) implications of (a) and (b) for pandemic management and post‐pandemic priorities. There is a critical need to generate empirical data on clinical profiles and the predictors of morbidity and mortality from COVID‐19. Improved protocols for acute febrile illness and access to diagnostic facilities, not just for SARS‐CoV‐2 but also other viral infections, are of urgent importance. The role of malaria, HIV/TB and chronic malnutrition on pandemic dynamics should be further investigated. Although chronic non‐communicable diseases account for a relatively lighter burden, they have a significant effect on COVID‐19 prognosis, and the fragility of care delivery systems implies that adjustments to clinical procedures and re‐organisation of care delivery that have been useful in other regions are unlikely to be feasible. Africa is a large region with local variations in factors that can shape pandemic dynamics. A one‐size‐fits‐all response is not optimal, but there are broad lessons relating to differences in epidemiology and healthcare delivery factors, that should be considered as part of a regional COVID‐19 response framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Anjorin
- Department of Microbiology (Virology Research), Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A I Abioye
- Population Health Science Program & Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - O E Asowata
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - A Soipe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - M I Kazeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - M A Raji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Adesanya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,CPT US Army Reserve, Houston, TX, USA.,Nursing Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - F A Oke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Centre, New York City, NY, USA
| | - F J Lawal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - B A Kasali
- Independent Researcher, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M O Omotayo
- Centre for Global Health and Division of Pediatric Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Verwijs MH, Puijk-Hekman S, van der Heijden E, Vasse E, de Groot LCPGM, de van der Schueren MAE. Interdisciplinary communication and collaboration as key to improved nutritional care of malnourished older adults across health-care settings - A qualitative study. Health Expect 2020; 23:1096-1107. [PMID: 32525265 PMCID: PMC7696200 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is a risk factor for impaired functionality and independence. For optimal treatment of malnourished older adults (OA), close collaboration and communication between all stakeholders involved (OA, their caregivers and health‐care and welfare professionals) is important. This qualitative study assesses current collaboration and communication in nutritional care over the continuum of health‐care settings and provides recommendations for improvement. Methods Eleven structured focus group interviews and five individual interviews took place in three regions across the Netherlands from November 2017 until February 2018, including OA, caregivers and health‐care and welfare professionals. Various aspects of collaboration and communication between all stakeholders were discussed. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using a thematic approach. Results Six main themes emerged: causes of malnutrition, knowledge and awareness, recognition and diagnosis of malnutrition, communication, accountability and food preparation and supply. Physical and social aspects were recognized as important risk factors for malnutrition. Knowledge and awareness regarding malnutrition were acknowledged as being insufficient among all involved. This may impair timely recognition and diagnosis. Responsibility for nutritional care and its communication to other disciplines are low. Food preparation and supply in hospitals, rehabilitation centres and home care are below expected standards. Conclusion Many stakeholders are involved in nutritional care of OA, and lack of communication and collaboration hinders continuity of nutritional care over health‐care settings. Lack of knowledge is an important risk factor. Establishing one coordinator of nutritional care is suggested to improve collaboration and communication across health‐care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije H Verwijs
- Department of Nutrition and Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Emmelyne Vasse
- Dutch Malnutrition Steering Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marian A E de van der Schueren
- Department of Nutrition and Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Malnutrition Steering Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Optimizing sensory quality and variety: An effective strategy for increasing meal enjoyment and food intake in older nursing home residents. Appetite 2020; 153:104749. [PMID: 32450092 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A decline in appetite and consequently in food intake is often observed with ageing, particularly in older adults living in nursing homes. Several strategies have been tested in nursing homes to counter this phenomenon. However, the approaches have rarely focused on food improvement, and most studies have assessed the impact of flavor enhancement on eating behavior. The present experiment aimed to assess the impact of improving sensory quality versus increasing sensory variety on food intake and meal enjoyment in elderly individuals living in a nursing home. Four conditions were compared: control condition, a Quality+ condition (recipes were improved according to sensory preference of the target population), a Variety+ condition (participants were offered a variety of main dishes and several condiments throughout the meal) and a Quality&Variety+ condition combining the two previous conditions. Eighty-two residents (age range: 71-101 years) participated in eight lunchtime sessions (2 replicates × 4 conditions). Compared to control condition, our results showed that improving the sensory quality of the dishes and/or providing variety led to increased meal enjoyment and food intake (energy intake: +5% for Quality+; +7% for Variety+). No additional effect was observed when the two factors were combined (+7% for Quality&Variety+). These results suggest that meal improvement strategies can be used to increase food intake in order to prevent and treat malnutrition in dependent older adults.
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26
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Kim JM, Bae YJ. Mineral Intake Status of Community-Dwelling Elderly from Urban and Rural Areas of South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013~2016. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103415. [PMID: 32422923 PMCID: PMC7277109 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the intake of minerals (calcium, phosphorous, sodium, and potassium) in the urban and rural elderly and explore the adequacy of intake and food sources for each mineral using nationwide big data. The study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) between 2013 and 2016. We analyzed 5292 elderly individuals that were aged 65 years and older (2271 men, 3021 women). Daily calcium, phosphorous, sodium, and potassium intake, and they were analyzed using the 24-h dietary recall method. Additionally, the adequacy of intake and food sources for each mineral was analyzed. Blood triglyceride level was significantly higher in rural elderly than in urban elderly. The intake of calcium and potassium per 1000 kcal of energy intake was significantly lower in the rural elderly, and the proportion of participants with calcium intake below the Estimated Average Requirement was significantly higher in the rural elderly than in the urban elderly. The intake of calcium, phosphorous, and potassium in the rural elderly was lower than that in the urban elderly. These results can be used as basic data when making social and environmental policies for the health of the elderly and when providing targeted dietary education for the management of chronic diseases for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Myung Kim
- Food and Nutrition Major, Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi 11644, Korea;
| | - Yun-Jung Bae
- Major in Food and Nutrition, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Korea
- Correspondence:
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27
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Effectiveness and tolerance of an oral nutritional supplement highly concentrated in protein and energy in elderly subjects at risk of malnutrition. NUTR CLIN METAB 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Kiesswetter E, Keijser BJF, Volkert D, Visser M. Association of oral health with body weight: a prospective study in community-dwelling older adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:961-969. [PMID: 31767989 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To prevent involuntary weight loss in older people, the knowledge about factors affecting body weight (BW) is essential. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations of multiple oral health aspects with BW in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS This analysis is based on prospective data with a 10-year follow-up of 657 Dutch community-dwelling older adults (age 66.4 ± 5.8 years, 54% female) from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Participants' characteristics, BW, and 12 oral health variables (teeth, dentures, nine oral problems, self-rated oral health) were assessed in 2005/07 and 2015/16. The association between oral health and BW was analyzed by mixed models and adjusted for demographic, socio-economic, smoking, health, and functional aspects considering data of both assessments. RESULTS Mean BW was 79.1 ± 13.3 kg at baseline (B) and 77.6 ± 13.8 kg at follow-up (FU). At baseline, 29.6% of the participants reported being edentulous (FU:34.4%) and 55.8% to wear dentures (FU:62.3%). Dental pain while chewing was the oral problem with the lowest (B:5.2%, FU:6.6%) and xerostomia with the highest prevalence at both examinations (B:24.3%, FU:30.0%). Most participants rated their oral status as healthy (B:65.2%, FU:66.9%). Neither edentulism and denture use nor oral problems showed a longitudinal association with BW. In contrast, self-rated oral health was associated with BW (b = 0.724, SE = 0.296, p = 0.015) after adjusting for multiple confounders. CONCLUSIONS In community-dwelling older adults self-rated oral health may indicate changes in body weight in the long term. Therefore, this simple measure could serve to identify a risk for weight loss and to initiate oral interventions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kiesswetter
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Bart J F Keijser
- Research Group Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704HE, Zeist, The Netherlands.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorothee Volkert
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Bread for the Aging Population: The Effect of a Functional Wheat-Lentil Bread on the Immune Function of Aged Mice. Foods 2019; 8:foods8100510. [PMID: 31635240 PMCID: PMC6835359 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A functional bread tailored for the needs of the aging population was baked by substituting 24% of wheat flour with red lentil flour and compared with wheat bread. Its nutritional profile was assessed by analysing proteins, amino acids, lipids, soluble and insoluble dietary fibre, resistant starch, total polyphenols, lignans and the antioxidant capacity (FRAP assay). The wheat-lentil bread had 30% more proteins than wheat bread (8.3%, as is), a more balanced amino acids composition, an almost double mineral (0.63%, as is) as well as total dietary fibre content (4.6%, as is), double the amount of polyphenols (939.1 mg GAE/100g on dry matter, d.m.), higher amounts and variety of lignans, and more than double the antioxidant capacity (71.6 µmoL/g d.m.). The in vivo effect of 60 days bread consumption on the immune response was studied by means of a murine model of elderly mice. Serum cytokines and intraepithelial lymphocyte immunophenotype from the mice intestine were analysed as markers of systemic and intestinal inflammatory status, respectively. Analysis of immune parameters in intraepithelial lymphocytes showed significant differences among the two types of bread indicating a positive effect of the wheat-lentil bread on the intestinal immune system, whereas both breads induced a reduction in serum IL-10.
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30
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Borkent JW, Beelen J, Linschooten JO, Roodenburg AJC, de van der Schueren MAE. The ConsuMEER study: a randomised trial towards the effectiveness of protein-rich ready-made meals and protein-rich dairy products in increasing protein intake of community-dwelling older adults after switching from self-prepared meals towards ready-made meals. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e30. [PMID: 31523425 PMCID: PMC6728932 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of undernutrition in older community-dwelling adults increases when they are no longer able to shop or cook themselves. Home-delivered products could then possibly prevent them from becoming undernourished. This single-blind randomised trial tested the effectiveness of home-delivered protein-rich ready-made meals and dairy products in reaching the recommended intake of 1·2 g protein/kg body weight (BW) per d and ≥25 g of protein per meal. Community-dwelling older adults (n 98; mean age 80·4 (sd 6·8) years) switched from self-prepared to home-delivered hot meals and dairy products for 28 d. The intervention group received ready-made meals and dairy products high in protein; the control group received products lower in protein. Dietary intake was measured at baseline, after 2 weeks (T1), and after 4 weeks (T2). Multilevel analyses (providing one combined outcome for T1 and T2) and logistic regressions were performed. Average baseline protein intake was 1·09 (se 0·05) g protein/kg BW per d in the intervention group and 0·99 (se 0·05) g protein/kg BW per d in the control group. During the trial, protein intake of the intervention group was 1·12 (se 0·05) g protein/kg BW per d compared with 0·87 (se 0·03) g protein/kg BW per d in the control group (between-group differences P < 0·05). More participants of the intervention group reached the threshold of ≥25 g protein at dinner compared with the control group (intervention T1: 84·8 %, T2: 88·4 % v. control T1: 42·9 %, T2: 40·5 %; P < 0·05), but not at breakfast and lunch. Our findings suggest that switching from self-prepared meals to ready-made meals carries the risk of a decreasing protein intake, unless extra attention is given to protein-rich choices.
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Key Words
- BW, body weight
- DNFCSOA, Dutch National Food Consumption Survey Older Adults
- LAPAQ, Longitudinal Ageing Study Amsterdam Physical Activity Questionnaire
- LASA, Longitudinal Ageing Study Amsterdam
- MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination
- SCREEN II, Seniors in the Community: Risk evaluation for eating and nutrition, version II
- SNAQ65+, Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire 65+
- T1, 2 weeks after start of intervention
- T2, 4 weeks after start of intervention
- Community-dwelling older adults
- Home-delivered meals
- Meals-on-wheels
- Nutritional status
- Protein-rich products
- Ready-made meals
- Undernutrition
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos W. Borkent
- Department of Nutrition and Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Janne Beelen
- Department of Nutrition and Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost O. Linschooten
- Department of Food Science & Technology, HAS University of Applied Sciences, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Annet J. C. Roodenburg
- Department of Food Science & Technology, HAS University of Applied Sciences, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Marian A. E. de van der Schueren
- Department of Nutrition and Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Malnutrition and related risk factors in older adults from different health-care settings: an enable study. Public Health Nutr 2019; 23:446-456. [PMID: 31453792 PMCID: PMC7025158 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019002271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The origin of malnutrition in older age is multifactorial and risk factors may vary according to health and living situation. The present study aimed to identify setting-specific risk profiles of malnutrition in older adults and to investigate the association of the number of individual risk factors with malnutrition. Design: Data of four cross-sectional studies were harmonized and uniformly analysed. Malnutrition was defined as BMI < 20 kg/m2 and/or weight loss of >3 kg in the previous 3–6 months. Associations between factors of six domains (demographics, health, mental function, physical function, dietary intake-related problems, dietary behaviour), the number of individual risk factors and malnutrition were analysed using logistic regression. Setting: Community (CD), geriatric day hospital (GDH), home care (HC), nursing home (NH). Participants: CD older adults (n 1073), GDH patients (n 180), HC receivers (n 335) and NH residents (n 197), all ≥65 years. Results: Malnutrition prevalence was lower in CD (11 %) than in the other settings (16–19 %). In the CD sample, poor appetite, difficulties with eating, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases were associated with malnutrition; in GDH patients, poor appetite and respiratory diseases; in HC receivers, younger age, poor appetite and nausea; and in NH residents, older age and mobility limitations. In all settings the likelihood of malnutrition increased with the number of potential individual risk factors. Conclusions: The study indicates a varying relevance of certain risk factors of malnutrition in different settings. However, the relationship of the number of individual risk factors with malnutrition in all settings implies comprehensive approaches to identify persons at risk of malnutrition early.
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32
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Grasso AC, Hung Y, Olthof MR, Verbeke W, Brouwer IA. Older Consumers' Readiness to Accept Alternative, More Sustainable Protein Sources in the European Union. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1904. [PMID: 31443177 PMCID: PMC6723411 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a growing concern on account of an aging population and its negative health consequences. While dietary protein plays a key role in the prevention of PEM, it also plays a pivotal role in the environmental impact of the human diet. In search for sustainable dietary strategies to increase protein intake in older adults, this study investigated the readiness of older adults to accept the consumption of the following alternative, more sustainable protein sources: plant-based protein, insects, single-cell protein, and in vitro meat. Using ordinal logistic regression modeling, the associations of different food-related attitudes and behavior and sociodemographics with older adults' acceptance to consume such protein sources were assessed. Results were obtained through a consumer survey among 1825 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or above in five EU countries (United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, and Finland). Dairy-based protein was generally the most accepted protein source in food products (75% of the respondents found its consumption acceptable or very acceptable). Plant-based protein was the most accepted alternative, more sustainable protein source (58%) followed by single-cell protein (20%), insect-based protein (9%), and in vitro meat-based protein (6%). We found that food fussiness is a barrier to acceptance, whereas green eating behavior and higher educational attainment are facilitators to older adults' acceptance to eat protein from alternative, more sustainable sources. Health, sensory appeal, and price as food choice motives, as well as gender and country of residence were found to influence acceptance, although not consistently across all the protein sources. Findings suggest that there is a window of opportunity to increase older adults' acceptance of alternative, more sustainable protein sources and in turn increase protein intake in an environmentally sustainable way in EU older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Grasso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yung Hung
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Margreet R Olthof
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Verbeke
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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33
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Dietary Support in Elderly Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061421. [PMID: 31238597 PMCID: PMC6627086 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing of the human population has become a big challenge for health care systems worldwide. On the other hand, the number of elderly patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is also increasing. Considering the unique clinical characteristics of this subpopulation, including many comorbidities and polypharmacy, the current therapeutic guidelines for the management of IBD should be individualized and applied with caution. This is why the role of non-pharmacological treatments is of special significance. Since both IBD and older age are independent risk factors of nutritional deficiencies, appropriate dietary support should be an important part of the therapeutic approach. In this review paper we discuss the interrelations between IBD, older age, and malnutrition. We also present the current knowledge on the utility of different diets in the management of IBD. Considering the limited data on how to support IBD therapy by nutritional intervention, we focus on the Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diets, which seem to be the most beneficial in this patient group. We also discuss some new findings on their hypothetical anti-inflammatory influence on the course of IBD.
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Juby AG, Mager DR. A review of nutrition screening tools used to assess the malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome (MSS) in the older adult. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 32:8-15. [PMID: 31221295 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition and sarcopenia are common in older adults. A new clinical syndrome has been suggested - the Malnutrition Sarcopenia Syndrome (MSS) - that may provide improved management, by highlighting two older adult conditions that can interact in a cumulative way to affect functional independence and health outcomes. This paper evaluates the published literature reporting data on both nutrition and sarcopenia evaluation simultaneously in the population studied, and creates a diagnostic algorithm. METHODS An inclusive, systematic literature search was done for articles including a simultaneous standardised evaluation of sarcopenia and nutritional status, from 1990-date. Sarcopenic status needed to be evaluated using accepted guidelines published by international guideline committees which include a functional muscle evaluation and a quantitative evaluation using bioimpedence assay or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Nutritional status needed to evaluated with a standardised, validated nutritional screening tool that was not disease specific. RESULTS 11 studies met these criteria. They differed in their methodology for screening both sarcopenia and nutritional issues. They differed as to the population studied (community versus institutionalised versus hospitalised). CONCLUSIONS No one methodology was consistent for evaluation of sarcopenia or malnutrition. The concept of the Malnutrition Sarcopenia Syndrome intuitively makes sense to clinicians. This opinion paper suggests a possible clinical approach. The management and interventions for both conditions are likely to have considerable overlap. There needs to be some consensus on how to evaluate it, in order to be able to accurately interpret the impact of interventions that may be undertaken for one or both conditions simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela G Juby
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Facuty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Diana R Mager
- Agriculture Food and Nutrition Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Volkert D, Kiesswetter E, Cederholm T, Donini LM, Eglseer D, Norman K, Schneider SM, Ströbele-Benschop N, Torbahn G, Wirth R, Visser M. Development of a Model on Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons: A MaNuEL Project. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2019; 5:2333721419858438. [PMID: 31259204 PMCID: PMC6589946 DOI: 10.1177/2333721419858438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In older persons, the origin of malnutrition is often multifactorial with a multitude of factors involved. Presently, a common understanding about potential causes and their mode of action is lacking, and a consensus on the theoretical framework on the etiology of malnutrition does not exist. Within the European Knowledge Hub “Malnutrition in the Elderly (MaNuEL),” a model of “Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons” (DoMAP) was developed in a multistage consensus process with live meetings and written feedback (modified Delphi process) by a multiprofessional group of 33 experts in geriatric nutrition. DoMAP consists of three triangle-shaped levels with malnutrition in the center, surrounded by the three principal conditions through which malnutrition develops in the innermost level: low intake, high requirements, and impaired nutrient bioavailability. The middle level consists of factors directly causing one of these conditions, and the outermost level contains factors indirectly causing one of the three conditions through the direct factors. The DoMAP model may contribute to a common understanding about the multitude of factors involved in the etiology of malnutrition, and about potential causative mechanisms. It may serve as basis for future research and may also be helpful in clinical routine to identify persons at increased risk of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tommy Cederholm
- Uppsala University, Sweden.,Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Kristina Norman
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Marjolein Visser
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands
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Nutrient Intakes from Meals and Snacks Differ with Age in Middle-Aged and Older Americans. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061301. [PMID: 31181765 PMCID: PMC6627320 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the meal patterns across demographic characteristics in middle-aged and older US adults. Study participants were noninstitutionalized participants from the 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, an observational cross-sectional study. Data from 17,361 adults were categorized into 45–59 years (n = 7366), 60–70 years (n = 5348), and 71+ years (n = 4647) to compare demographics, nutrient intakes, and meal patterns. Dietary recalls were collected using the multiple-pass method. Data analyses were weighted to create a nationally representative sample. Two-thirds of adults reported consuming three meals on the day of intake. Lunch was the most often skipped meal across all age groups. A greater proportion of adults over 70 years reported consuming breakfast, while a smaller proportion reported consuming snacks. Significant differences were observed in total energy and nutrient intakes and proportion of the day’s intakes by meal. Grain, milk, and dairy food group intakes were highest at breakfast, while the protein food group intakes were highest at lunch and dinner. Age-related differences in meal consumption and composition provide valuable formative data to support targeted nutritional education and intervention opportunities to promote and encourage healthy food choices.
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Considerations for the Development of Innovative Foods to Improve Nutrition in Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061275. [PMID: 31195630 PMCID: PMC6627386 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The population of older adults is growing globally. This increase has led to an accumulation of chronic illnesses, so-called age-related diseases. Diet and nutrition are considered the main drivers of the global burden of diseases, and this situation applies especially to this population segment. It relates directly to the development of coronary heart disease, hypertension, some types of cancer, and type 2 diabetes, among other diseases, while age-associated changes in body composition (bone and muscle mass, fat, sarcopenia) constitute risk factors for functional limitations affecting health status and the quality of life. Older adults present eating and swallowing problems, dry mouth, taste loss, and anorexia among other problems causing “anorexia of aging” that affects their nutritional status. The strategies to overcome these situations are described in this study. The impact of oral food processing on nutrition is discussed, as well as approaches to improve food acceptance through the design of innovative foods. These foods should supply a growing demand as this group represents an increasing segment of the consumer market globally, whose needs must be fulfilled.
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Skinnars Josefsson M, Nydahl M, Persson I, Mattsson Sydner Y. Adherence to a regulation that aims to prevent and treat malnutrition-The case of Swedish elderly care. Health Policy 2019; 123:688-694. [PMID: 31126706 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition constitutes a serious and challenging problem in elderly care. In 2015, a Swedish regulation that aims to prevent and treat malnutrition came into effect. This study set out to explore associations between level of adoption of the regulation reported as: no, started, yes, in a previous survey, and registrations in a national quality registry. Registry data on screening and actions extracted from the first trimester in 2014 (n=18967), 2016 (n=20318) and 2017 (n= 25669) represented 209, 197 and 199 of 290 Swedish municipalities respectively. A repeated measures ANOVA showed that there was no effect on screened nutritional status, Pearson's chi-square that there were minor differences in types of actions, and regression analysis that the number of actions increased on average by 0.3 due to a higher level of adoption of the regulation. Over the years studied, five actions were prominent regardless of level of adoption or screened nutritional status. Hence, to date, no firm conclusions regarding effects of the regulation can be drawn. Despite the regulatory nature, it appear as if the regulation and the level of adoption reported so far is routine in theory, although not yet leveraged to an implemented practice visible in the quality registry but instead decoupled from practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaretha Nydahl
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Inger Persson
- Department of Statistics, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Ylva Mattsson Sydner
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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Epidemiology of Sarcopenia and Factors Associated With It Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Taiwan. Am J Med Sci 2019; 357:124-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lim WS, Wong CH, Ding YY, Rockwood K, Lien C. Translating the Science of Frailty in Singapore: Results from the National Frailty Consensus Discussion. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2019. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v48n1p25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wee Shiong Lim
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Yew Yoong Ding
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Dent E, Morley JE, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Woodhouse L, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Fried LP, Woo J, Aprahamian I, Sanford A, Lundy J, Landi F, Beilby J, Martin FC, Bauer JM, Ferrucci L, Merchant RA, Dong B, Arai H, Hoogendijk EO, Won CW, Abbatecola A, Cederholm T, Strandberg T, Gutiérrez Robledo LM, Flicker L, Bhasin S, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Guralnik JM, Muscedere J, Pahor M, Ruiz J, Negm AM, Reginster JY, Waters DL, Vellas B. Physical Frailty: ICFSR International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Identification and Management. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:771-787. [PMID: 31641726 PMCID: PMC6800406 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The task force of the International Conference of Frailty and Sarcopenia Research (ICFSR) developed these clinical practice guidelines to overview the current evidence-base and to provide recommendations for the identification and management of frailty in older adults. METHODS These recommendations were formed using the GRADE approach, which ranked the strength and certainty (quality) of the supporting evidence behind each recommendation. Where the evidence-base was limited or of low quality, Consensus Based Recommendations (CBRs) were formulated. The recommendations focus on the clinical and practical aspects of care for older people with frailty, and promote person-centred care. Recommendations for Screening and Assessment: The task force recommends that health practitioners case identify/screen all older adults for frailty using a validated instrument suitable for the specific setting or context (strong recommendation). Ideally, the screening instrument should exclude disability as part of the screening process. For individuals screened as positive for frailty, a more comprehensive clinical assessment should be performed to identify signs and underlying mechanisms of frailty (strong recommendation). Recommendations for Management: A comprehensive care plan for frailty should address polypharmacy (whether rational or nonrational), the management of sarcopenia, the treatable causes of weight loss, and the causes of exhaustion (depression, anaemia, hypotension, hypothyroidism, and B12 deficiency) (strong recommendation). All persons with frailty should receive social support as needed to address unmet needs and encourage adherence to a comprehensive care plan (strong recommendation). First-line therapy for the management of frailty should include a multi-component physical activity programme with a resistance-based training component (strong recommendation). Protein/caloric supplementation is recommended when weight loss or undernutrition are present (conditional recommendation). No recommendation was given for systematic additional therapies such as cognitive therapy, problem-solving therapy, vitamin D supplementation, and hormone-based treatment. Pharmacological treatment as presently available is not recommended therapy for the treatment of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dent
- E. Dent, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, Australia,
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Dent E, Hoogendijk EO, Visvanathan R, Wright ORL. Malnutrition Screening and Assessment in Hospitalised Older People: a Review. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:431-441. [PMID: 31021360 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition (undernutrition) remains one of the most serious health problems for older people worldwide. Many factors contribute to malnutrition in older people, including: loss of appetite, polypharmacy, dementia, frailty, poor dentition, swallowing difficulties, social isolation, and poverty. Malnutrition is common in the hospital setting, yet often remains undetected by medical staff. The objective of this review is to compare the validity and reliability of Nutritional Screening Tools (NSTs) for older adults in the hospital setting. We also provide an overview of the various nutritional screening and assessment tools used to identify malnutrition in hospitalised older adults. These include: Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), MNA-short form (MNA-SF), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ), Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI) and anthropometric measurements. The prevalence and outcomes of malnutrition in hospitalised older adults are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dent
- Elsa Dent, Torrens University Australia, Level 1, 220 Victoria Square, Adelaide, Australia 5000, Phone: +61 8 8 113 7823,
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Warne C, Forrester IT, Jones L, Morley JE. Editorial: Screening for the Anorexia of Aging. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:398-400. [PMID: 31021355 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Warne
- John E. Morley, MB, BCh, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., M238, St. Louis, MO 63104,
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van Doorn-van Atten MN, Haveman-Nies A, Pilichowski P, Roca R, de Vries JHM, de Groot CPGM. Telemonitoring to improve nutritional status in community-dwelling elderly: design and methods for process and effect evaluation of a non-randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:284. [PMID: 30445922 PMCID: PMC6240290 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A good nutritional status is key for maintaining health and quality of life in older adults. In the Netherlands, 11 to 35% of the community-dwelling elderly are undernourished. Undernutrition or the risk of it should be signalled as soon as possible to be able to intervene at an early stage. However, in the context of an ageing population health care resources are scarce, evoking interest in health enabling technologies such as telemonitoring. This article describes the design of an intervention study focussing at telemonitoring and improving nutritional status of community-dwelling elderly. Methods The PhysioDom Home Dietary Intake Monitoring intervention was evaluated using a parallel arm pre-test post-test design including 215 Dutch community-dwelling elderly aged > 65 years. The six-month intervention included nutritional telemonitoring, television messages, and dietary advice by a nurse or a dietician. The control group received usual care. Measurements were performed at baseline, after 4.5 months, and at the end of the study, and included the primary outcome nutritional status and secondary outcomes behavioural determinants, diet quality, appetite, body weight, physical activity, physical functioning, and quality of life. Furthermore, a process evaluation was conducted to provide insight into intervention delivery, feasibility, and acceptability. Discussion This study will improve insight into feasibility and effectiveness of telemonitoring of nutritional parameters in community-dwelling elderly. This will provide relevant insights for health care professionals, researchers, and policy makers. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered at Clinical-Trials.gov (identifier NCT03240094) since August 3, 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-018-0973-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Haveman-Nies
- Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Pilichowski
- Habitat&Santé, 373 Chemin Plate-Rousset, F 38330, Biviers, France
| | - R Roca
- Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Ctra Torrebonica s/n, E-08227, Terrassa, Spain
| | - J H M de Vries
- Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C P G M de Groot
- Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Bunn D, Hooper L, Welch A. Dehydration and Malnutrition in Residential Care: Recommendations for Strategies for Improving Practice Derived from a Scoping Review of Existing Policies and Guidelines. Geriatrics (Basel) 2018; 3:E77. [PMID: 31011112 PMCID: PMC6371146 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics3040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventing malnutrition and dehydration in older care home residents is a complex task, with both conditions remaining prevalent, despite numerous guidelines spanning several decades. This policy-mapping scoping review used snowballing search methods to locate publicly-available policies, reports and best practice guidelines relating to hydration and nutrition in UK residential care homes, to describe the existing knowledge base and pinpoint gaps in practice, interpretation and further investigation. The findings were synthesised narratively to identify solutions. Strategies for improvements to nutritional and hydration care include the development of age and population-specific nutrient and fluid intake guidelines, statutory regulation, contractual obligations for commissioners, appropriate menu-planning, the implementation and auditing of care, acknowledgment of residents' eating and drinking experiences, effective screening, monitoring and treatment and staff training. The considerable body of existing knowledge is failing to influence practice, relating to translational issues of implementing knowledge into care at the point of delivery, and this is where future research and actions should focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Bunn
- School of Health Sciences, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Lee Hooper
- Norwich Medical School, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Ailsa Welch
- Norwich Medical School, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Hydrogen Sulfide Donor NaHS Improves Metabolism and Reduces Muscle Atrophy in Type 2 Diabetes: Implication for Understanding Sarcopenic Pathophysiology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6825452. [PMID: 30510624 PMCID: PMC6232794 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6825452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass and functionality, constitutes a major contributor to disability in diabetes. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) dynamics and muscle mass regulatory signaling were studied in GK rats, a model for type 2 diabetes (T2D). GK rats exhibited a number of features that are consistent with sarcopenia and T2D including loss of muscle mass and strength, in addition to glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and impaired β-cell responsiveness to glucose. Mechanistically, activation levels of Akt, a key modulator of protein balance, were decreased in T2D. Consequently, we confirmed reduced activity of mTOR signaling components and higher expression of atrophy-related markers typified by FoxO1/atrogin-1/MuRF1 and myostatin-Smad2/3 signaling during the course of diabetes. We observed in GK rat reduced antioxidant capacity (↓GSH/GSSG) and increased expression and activity of NADPH oxidase in connection with augmented rate of oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. H2S bioavailability and the expression of key enzymes involved in its synthesis were suppressed as a function of diabetes. Interestingly, GK rats receiving NaHS displayed increased muscle Akt/mTOR signaling and decreased expression of myostatin and the FoxO1/MuRF1/atrogin-dependent pathway. Moreover, diabetes-induced heightened state of oxidative stress was also ameliorated in response to NaHS therapy. Overall, the current data support the notion that a relationship exists between sarcopenia, heightened state of oxidative stress, and H2S deficiency at least in the context of diabetes. Moreover, treatment with a potent H2S donor at an early stage of diabetes is likely to mitigate the development of sarcopenia/frailty and predictably reduces its devastating sequelae of amputation.
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Yang M, Huang Z, Chen J, Jiang J, Zuo Y, Hao Q. Applications of the new ESPEN definition of malnutrition and SARC-F in Chinese nursing home residents. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14971. [PMID: 30297795 PMCID: PMC6175895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the predictive capacity of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and malnutrition combined with sarcopenia for mortality in nursing home residents. We conducted a prospective study in four nursing homes in China. Nutrition status and sarcopenia were measured according to the new European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) definition and SARC-F, respectively. The study population was divided into four groups: malnutrition with sarcopenia (MN+/SA+), malnutrition without sarcopenia (MN+/SA−), sarcopenia without malnutrition (MN−/SA+), and normal nutrition without sarcopenia (MN−/SA−). The participants were followed up for 12 months. We included 329 participants. Thirty-eight participants (11.6%) had MN+/SA+, 38 participants (11.6%) had MN+/SA−, and 93 participants (28.3%) had MN−/SA+. The 1-year mortality was 18.3%, 21.5%, 18.4%, and 47.4% in the MN−/SA−, MN−/SA+, MN+/SA−, and MN+/SA+ groups, respectively. Compared to participants with MN−/SA−, participants with MN+/SA+ were at a significantly higher risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 3.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71–5.95); however, MN−/SA+ (adjusted HR: 1.24, 95% CI 0.69–2.22) and MN+/SA− (adjusted HR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.41–2.19) were not predictors of mortality. In conclusion, the coexistence of malnutrition and sarcopenia is a significant predictor of mortality in a study population of Chinese nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhaojing Huang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Jiang
- The Center of Rehabilitation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Zuo
- The Health Management Center, Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, No. 253 Shangjin Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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van Doorn-van Atten MN, de Groot LCPGM, de Vries JHM, Haveman-Nies A. Determinants of Behaviour Change in a Multi-Component Telemonitoring Intervention for Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1062. [PMID: 30103399 PMCID: PMC6115846 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal diet quality and physical activity levels are essential for healthy ageing. This study evaluated the effects of a multi-component telemonitoring intervention on behavioural determinants of diet quality and physical activity in older adults, and assessed the mediating role of these determinants and two behaviour change techniques in the intervention's effects. A non-randomised controlled design was used including 214 participants (average age 80 years) who were allocated to the intervention or control group based on municipality. The six-month intervention consisted of self-measurements of nutritional outcomes and physical activity, education, and follow-up by a nurse. The control group received regular care. Measurements took place at baseline, after 4.5 months and at the end of the study. The intervention increased self-monitoring and improved knowledge and perceived behavioural control for physical activity. Increased self-monitoring mediated the intervention's effect on diet quality, fruit intake, and saturated fatty acids intake. Improved knowledge mediated the effect on protein intake. Concluding, this intervention led to improvements in behavioural determinants of diet quality and physical activity. The role of the hypothesised mediators was limited. Insight into these mechanisms of impact provides directions for future development of nutritional eHealth interventions for older adults, in which self-monitoring may be a promising behaviour change technique. More research is necessary into how behaviour change is established in telemonitoring interventions for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije N van Doorn-van Atten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeanne H M de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemien Haveman-Nies
- Strategic Communication Chair, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Niccoli S, Kolobov A, Bon T, Rafilovich S, Munro H, Tanner K, Pearson T, Lees SJ. Whey Protein Supplementation Improves Rehabilitation Outcomes in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients: A Double Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 36:149-165. [PMID: 29252150 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2017.1391732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Whey protein supplementation (WPS) has been shown to improve functional outcomes in populations that are able to participate in high-intensity resistance training. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of WPS on rehabilitation outcomes in a frail, hospitalized elderly population. Men and women (n = 47) were randomly assigned to either a control group or WPS group for the length of their hospital stay. Several functional and serum measures were determined pre- and post-intervention. WPS significantly increased average daily protein intake and was well tolerated. The WPS group exhibited significant improvements in grip strength and knee extensor force over the control group, and a significant positive correlation was found between change in prealbumin and percent-increase knee extensor force. These findings support the use of WPS to improve protein nutritional status and rehabilitation outcomes in a clinical setting involving a frail, elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Niccoli
- a Medical Sciences Division , Northern Ontario School of Medicine , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
| | - Anton Kolobov
- b Geriatric Assessment and Rehabilitative Care , St. Joseph's Care Group , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada.,c Clinical Sciences Division , Northern Ontario School of Medicine , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
| | - Trevor Bon
- b Geriatric Assessment and Rehabilitative Care , St. Joseph's Care Group , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada.,c Clinical Sciences Division , Northern Ontario School of Medicine , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
| | - Seda Rafilovich
- b Geriatric Assessment and Rehabilitative Care , St. Joseph's Care Group , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada.,c Clinical Sciences Division , Northern Ontario School of Medicine , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
| | - Heather Munro
- b Geriatric Assessment and Rehabilitative Care , St. Joseph's Care Group , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
| | - Kim Tanner
- b Geriatric Assessment and Rehabilitative Care , St. Joseph's Care Group , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
| | - Trina Pearson
- b Geriatric Assessment and Rehabilitative Care , St. Joseph's Care Group , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
| | - Simon J Lees
- a Medical Sciences Division , Northern Ontario School of Medicine , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada.,d Department of Biology , Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada.,e Health and Exercise Science , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
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50
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Effect of sarcopenia on clinical and surgical outcome in elderly patients with proximal femur fractures. Skeletal Radiol 2018; 47:771-777. [PMID: 29247259 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-017-2848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between sarcopenia with short-term surgical outcome in elderly patients with proximal femur fractures. METHODS AND MATERIALS Following Institutional Review Board approval, a database of patients receiving a pelvis CT scan for acute trauma between January 2000-August 2016 was screened for an isolated proximal femur fracture. Patients were excluded if they were: < 50 years old, had conditions predisposing to sarcopenia (renal failure, congestive heart failure, muscular dystrophies), had undergone no surgical treatment, had other major traumatic injuries, or had a pathologic femur fracture. The paraspinal muscle density (PSD) at the L4 level was measured in Hounsfield units. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was measured as the total skeletal muscle area at L4 divided by patient height.2 PSD and SMI were tested for association with surgical outcome measures: length of hospital stay, perioperative mortality, medical complications, in-hospital blood transfusion volume, and 90-day readmission rate, using multiple variable regression analysis. Pearson correlation of PSD and SMI was performed. RESULTS Controlling for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and fracture type, low PSD and SMI were both independently associated with longer length of hospitalization (p = 0.008 and p = 0.032, respectively). Low PSD was associated with a higher amount of blood transfusion volume during the perioperative period (p = 0.004). Pearson correlation revealed moderate positive correlation between the SMI and PSD (r = 0.579, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In proximal femur fractures, elderly patients with sarcopenia are more likely to have prolonged hospitalization following surgery and require more blood transfusion volume during the perioperative period.
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