1
|
Luciano A, Robinson L, Garland G, Lyons B, Korstanje R, Di Francesco A, Churchill GA. Longitudinal fragility phenotyping contributes to the prediction of lifespan and age-associated morbidity in C57BL/6 and Diversity Outbred mice. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01226-9. [PMID: 38935230 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging studies in mammalian models often depend on natural lifespan data as a primary outcome. Tools for lifespan prediction could accelerate these studies and reduce the need for veterinary intervention. Here, we leveraged large-scale longitudinal frailty and lifespan data on two genetically distinct mouse cohorts to evaluate noninvasive strategies to predict life expectancy in mice. We applied a modified frailty assessment, the Fragility Index, derived from existing frailty indices with additional deficits selected by veterinarians. We developed an ensemble machine learning classifier to predict imminent mortality (95% proportion of life lived [95PLL]). Our algorithm represented improvement over previous predictive criteria but fell short of the level of reliability that would be needed to make advanced prediction of lifespan and thus accelerate lifespan studies. Highly sensitive and specific frailty-based predictive endpoint criteria for aged mice remain elusive. While frailty-based prediction falls short as a surrogate for lifespan, it did demonstrate significant predictive power and as such must contain information that could be used to inform the conclusion of aging experiments. We propose a frailty-based measure of healthspan as an alternative target for aging research and demonstrate that lifespan and healthspan criteria reveal distinct aspects of aging in mice.
Collapse
|
2
|
Félix J, Martínez de Toda I, Díaz-Del Cerro E, Sánchez-Del Pozo I, De la Fuente M. Predictive Models of Life Span in Old Female Mice Based on Immune, Redox, and Behavioral Parameters. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4203. [PMID: 38673789 PMCID: PMC11050348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of mathematical models capable of predicting the lifespan of animals is growing. However, there are no studies that compare the predictive power of different sets of parameters depending on the age of the animals. The aim of the present study is to test whether mathematical models for life span prediction developed in adult female mice based on immune, redox, and behavioral parameters can predict life span in old animals and to develop new models in old mice. For this purpose, 29 variables, including parameters of immune function, redox state, and behavioral ones, were evaluated in old female Swiss mice (80 ± 4 weeks). Life span was registered when they died naturally. Firstly, we observed that the models developed in adults were not able to accurately predict the life span of old mice. Therefore, the immunity (adjusted R2 = 73.6%), redox (adjusted R2 = 46.5%), immunity-redox (adjusted R2 = 96.4%), and behavioral (adjusted R2 = 67.9%) models were developed in old age. Finally, the models were validated in another batch of mice. The developed models in old mice show certain similarities to those in adults but include different immune, redox, and behavioral markers, which highlights the importance of age in the prediction of life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Félix
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (E.D.-D.C.); (I.S.-D.P.); (M.D.l.F.)
- Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (Imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez de Toda
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (E.D.-D.C.); (I.S.-D.P.); (M.D.l.F.)
- Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (Imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Díaz-Del Cerro
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (E.D.-D.C.); (I.S.-D.P.); (M.D.l.F.)
- Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (Imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Sánchez-Del Pozo
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (E.D.-D.C.); (I.S.-D.P.); (M.D.l.F.)
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (E.D.-D.C.); (I.S.-D.P.); (M.D.l.F.)
- Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (Imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luciano A, Robinson L, Garland G, Lyons B, Korstanje R, Di Francesco A, Churchill GA. Longitudinal Fragility Phenotyping Predicts Lifespan and Age-Associated Morbidity in C57BL/6 and Diversity Outbred Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.06.579096. [PMID: 38370707 PMCID: PMC10871234 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.579096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Aging studies in mammalian models often depend on natural lifespan data as a primary outcome. Tools for lifespan prediction could accelerate these studies and reduce the need for veterinary intervention. Here, we leveraged large-scale longitudinal frailty and lifespan data on two genetically distinct mouse cohorts to evaluate noninvasive strategies to predict life expectancy in mice. We applied a modified frailty assessment, the Fragility Index, derived from existing frailty indices with additional deficits selected by veterinarians. We developed an ensemble machine learning classifier to predict imminent mortality (95% proportion of life lived [95PLL]). Our algorithm represented improvement over previous predictive criteria but fell short of the level of reliability that would be needed to make advanced prediction of lifespan and thus accelerate lifespan studies. Highly sensitive and specific frailty-based predictive endpoint criteria for aged mice remain elusive. While frailty-based prediction falls short as a surrogate for lifespan, it did demonstrate significant predictive power and as such must contain information that could be used to inform the conclusion of aging experiments. We propose a frailty-based measure of healthspan as an alternative target for aging research and demonstrate that lifespan and healthspan criteria reveal distinct aspects of aging in mice.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang TX, Ma S, Han X, Luo ZY, Zhu QQ, Chiba T, Xie W, Lin K, Qiu XB. Proteasome activator PA200 maintains stability of histone marks during transcription and aging. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1458-1472. [PMID: 33391545 PMCID: PMC7738882 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic inheritance relies on stability of histone marks, but various diseases, including aging-related disorders, are usually associated with alterations of histone marks. Whether and how the proteasome is responsible for maintaining the histone marks during transcription and aging remain unclear. The core histones can be degraded by the atypical proteasome, which contains the proteasome activator PA200, in an acetylation-dependent manner during somatic DNA damage response and spermiogenesis. Methods: By utilizing a substitute of methionine to label proteins metabolically, we analyzed histone degradation genome-wide by sequencing the DNA fragments following pulse-chase assays. The genome-wide RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to analyze transcription and chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing was used for analyses of histone marks. The experimental models included gene-manipulated cells (including both mouse and yeast), mouse liver, and mice. Results: Degradation of H4 or the transcription-coupled histone variant H3.3 could be suppressed by deletion of PA200 or its yeast ortholog Blm10. The histone deacetylase inhibitor accelerated the degradation rates of H3, while the mutations of the putative acetyl-lysine-binding region of PA200 abolished histone degradation in the G1-arrested cells. Deletion of PA200 dramatically altered deposition of the active transcriptional hallmarks (H3K4me3 and H3K56ac) and transcription, especially during cellular aging. Furthermore, deletion of PA200 or Blm10 accelerated cellular aging. Notably, the PA200-deficient mice displayed a range of aging-related deteriorations, including immune malfunction, anxiety-like behavior and shorter lifespan. Conclusion: PA200 promotes the transcription-coupled degradation of the core histones, and plays an important role in maintaining the stability of histone marks during transcription and aging.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sex-related differences in behavioural markers in adult mice for the prediction of lifespan. Biogerontology 2020; 22:49-62. [PMID: 33064225 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Finding biomarkers to assess the rate of ageing and consequently, to forecast individual lifespan is a challenge in ageing research. We recently published a mathematical model for lifespan prediction in adult female mice using behavioural parameters such as internal locomotion and time spent in open arms in the hole board (HB) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests, respectively. Nevertheless, it is still not known if these behavioural variables could be useful in forecasting lifespan in male mice. Therefore, two groups of ICR-CD1 mice, male and female were subjected to the EPM, HB and T-maze tests at the adult age. Mice were monitored until they died and individual lifespans were registered. In general, adult male mice showed more anxiety-like behaviours than females. The mathematical model previously developed in females was validated with the female cohort, but found to be suboptimal for lifespan prediction in males. Thus, a new model for male lifespan prediction was constructed including the behavioural variables that were predictive of lifespan in males: time in the central platform of the EPM, inner locomotion, number of groomings and number and duration of head-dippings in the HB. These results confirm that the higher the anxiety-like behaviour at the adult age, the shorter the lifespan.
Collapse
|
6
|
Schultz MB, Kane AE, Mitchell SJ, MacArthur MR, Warner E, Vogel DS, Mitchell JR, Howlett SE, Bonkowski MS, Sinclair DA. Age and life expectancy clocks based on machine learning analysis of mouse frailty. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4618. [PMID: 32934233 PMCID: PMC7492249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of genes and interventions that slow or reverse aging is hampered by the lack of non-invasive metrics that can predict the life expectancy of pre-clinical models. Frailty Indices (FIs) in mice are composite measures of health that are cost-effective and non-invasive, but whether they can accurately predict health and lifespan is not known. Here, mouse FIs are scored longitudinally until death and machine learning is employed to develop two clocks. A random forest regression is trained on FI components for chronological age to generate the FRIGHT (Frailty Inferred Geriatric Health Timeline) clock, a strong predictor of chronological age. A second model is trained on remaining lifespan to generate the AFRAID (Analysis of Frailty and Death) clock, which accurately predicts life expectancy and the efficacy of a lifespan-extending intervention up to a year in advance. Adoption of these clocks should accelerate the identification of longevity genes and aging interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Schultz
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice E Kane
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R MacArthur
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisa Warner
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David S Vogel
- Voloridge Investment Management, LLC and VoLo Foundation, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Michael S Bonkowski
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martínez de Toda I, Vida C, Sanz San Miguel L, De la Fuente M. When will my mouse die? Life span prediction based on immune function, redox and behavioural parameters in female mice at the adult age. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 182:111125. [PMID: 31381890 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The identification of predictive markers of life span would help to unravel the underlying mechanisms influencing ageing and longevity. For this aim, 30 variables including immune functions, inflammatory-oxidative stress state and behavioural characteristics were investigated in ICR-CD1 female mice at the adult age (N = 38). Mice were monitored individually until they died and individual life spans were registered. Multiple linear regression was carried out to construct an Immunity model (adjusted R2 = 75.8%) comprising Macrophage chemotaxis and phagocytosis and Lymphoproliferation capacity, a Redox model (adjusted R2 = 84.4%) involving Reduced Glutathione and Malondialdehyde concentrations and Glutathione Peroxidase activity and a Behavioural model (adjusted R2 = 79.8%) comprising Internal Locomotion and Time spent in open arms indices. In addition, a Combined model (adjusted R2 = 92.4%) and an Immunity-Redox model (adjusted R2 = 88.7%) were also constructed by combining the above-mentioned selected variables. The models were also cross-validated using two different sets of female mice (N = 30; N = 40). Correlation between predicted and observed life span was 0.849 (P < 0.000) for the Immunity model, 0.691 (P < 0.000) for the Redox, 0.662 (P < 0.000) for the Behavioural and 0.840 (P < 0.000) for the Immunity-Redox model. Thus, these results provide a new perspective on the use of immune function, redox and behavioural markers as prognostic tools in ageing research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Vida
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sanz San Miguel
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Faculty of Mathematics, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Odinokov D, Hamblin MR. Aging of lymphoid organs: Can photobiomodulation reverse age-associated thymic involution via stimulation of extrapineal melatonin synthesis and bone marrow stem cells? JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700282. [PMID: 29227581 PMCID: PMC5995606 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thymic atrophy and the subsequent reduction in T-cell production are the most noticeable age-related changes affecting lymphoid organs in the immune system. In fact, thymic involution has been described as "programmed aging." New therapeutic approaches, such as photobiomodulation (PBM), may reduce or reverse these changes. PBM (also known as low-level laser therapy) involves the delivery of non-thermal levels of red or near-infrared light that are absorbed by mitochondrial chromophores, in order to prevent tissue death and stimulate healing and regeneration. PBM may reverse or prevent thymic involution due to its ability to induce extrapineal melatonin biosynthesis via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) or NF-kB activation, or alternatively by stimulating bone marrow stem cells that can regenerate the thymus. This perspective puts forward a hypothesis that PBM can alter thymic involution, improve immune functioning in aged people and even extend lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Odinokov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Le Couteur DG, Tay SS, Solon-Biet S, Bertolino P, McMahon AC, Cogger VC, Colakoglu F, Warren A, Holmes AJ, Pichaud N, Horan M, Correa C, Melvin RG, Turner N, Ballard JWO, Ruohonen K, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ. The Influence of Macronutrients on Splanchnic and Hepatic Lymphocytes in Aging Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:1499-507. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
10
|
de Araújo AL, Silva LCR, Fernandes JR, Benard G. Preventing or reversing immunosenescence: can exercise be an immunotherapy? Immunotherapy 2014; 5:879-93. [PMID: 23902557 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now a strong body of evidence demonstrating that aging is accompanied by severe alterations in the immune system, a process known as immunosenescence. Among these changes are alterations in T-cell subpopulation size, cytokine secretion pattern, cell replicative capacity and antibody production, all of which culminate in a proinflammatory state called 'inflammaging' and a diminished capacity to respond to new antigens. These alterations are closely related to the increased mortality and morbidity rates observed in this population. However, the role of exercise on the prevention or treatment of immunosenescence is virtually unknown. Data gathered from the literature regarding the effects of physical activity on immune system aging are still limited and conflicting, with existing reports either advocating benefits or asserting a lack of evidence. Exercise as part of a healthy lifestyle has already been shown to provide long-term benefits with regard to cardiovascular, cognitive, psychosocial and other aspects of the elderly. If positive effects are also observed for immunosenescence, exercise could be a highly cost-effective measure to improve human quality of life compared with other strategies currently being pursued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana L de Araújo
- Laboratory of Dermatology & Immunodeficiencies, Dermatology Division, Clinics Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Foukas LC, Bilanges B, Bettedi L, Pearce W, Ali K, Sancho S, Withers DJ, Vanhaesebroeck B. Long-term p110α PI3K inactivation exerts a beneficial effect on metabolism. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:563-71. [PMID: 23483710 PMCID: PMC3628103 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling (IIS) pathway regulates cellular and organismal metabolism and controls the rate of aging. Gain-of-function mutations in p110α, the principal mammalian IIS-responsive isoform of PI 3-kinase (PI3K), promote cancer. In contrast, loss-of-function mutations in p110α impair insulin signalling and cause insulin resistance, inducing a pre-diabetic state. It remains unknown if long-term p110α inactivation induces further metabolic deterioration over time, leading to overt unsustainable pathology. Surprisingly, we find that chronic p110α partial inactivation in mice protects from age-related reduction in insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and fat accumulation, and extends the lifespan of male mice. This beneficial effect of p110α inactivation derives in part from a suppressed down-regulation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) protein levels induced by age-related hyperinsulinemia, and correlates with enhanced insulin-induced Akt signalling in aged p110α-deficient mice. This temporal metabolic plasticity upon p110α inactivation indicates that prolonged PI3K inhibition, as intended in human cancer treatment, might not negatively impact on organismal metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros C Foukas
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College LondonDarwin Building, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Benoit Bilanges
- Centre for Cell Signalling, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonCharterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Lucia Bettedi
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College LondonDarwin Building, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Wayne Pearce
- Centre for Cell Signalling, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonCharterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Khaled Ali
- Centre for Cell Signalling, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonCharterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Sara Sancho
- Promed Laboratoire MédicalMarly, Switzerland
| | - Dominic J Withers
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial CollegeDu Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- Centre for Cell Signalling, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonCharterhouse Square, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wong YT, Gruber J, Jenner AM, Tay FEH, Ruan R. Chronic resveratrol intake reverses pro-inflammatory cytokine profile and oxidative DNA damage in ageing hybrid mice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 33:229-246. [PMID: 20730501 PMCID: PMC3168607 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-010-9174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thymic involution and shrinkage of secondary lymphoid organs are leading causes of the deterioration of the T-cell compartment with age. Inflamm-aging, a sustained inflammatory status, has been associated with chronic diseases and shortened longevity. This is the first study to investigate the effect of treating aging hybrid mice with long-term, low-dose resveratrol (RSV) in drinking water by assessing multiple immunological markers and profiles in the immune system. We found that hybrid mice exhibited marked age-related changes in the CD3+CD4+, C3+CD8+, CD4+CD25+, CD4M and CD8M surface markers. RSV reversed surface phenotypes of old mice to that of young mice by maintaining the CD4+ and CD8+ population in splenocytes as well as reducing CD8+CD44+ (CD8M) cells in the aged. RSV also enhanced the CD4+CD25+ population in old mice. Interestingly, pro-inflammatory status in young mice was transiently elevated by RSV but it consequently mitigated the age-dependent increased pro-inflammatory cytokine profile while preserving the anti-inflammatory cytokine condition in the old mice. Age-dependent increase in 8OHdG, an oxidative DNA damage marker was ameliorated by RSV. Immunological-focused microarray gene expression analysis showed that only the CD72 gene was significantly downregulated in the 12-month RSV-treated mice compared to age-matched controls. Our study indicates that RSV even at low physiological relevant levels is able to affect the immune system without causing marked gene expression changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ting Wong
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, #04-01, The Nanos, Singapore, Singapore 138669
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew M. Jenner
- Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francis Eng Hock Tay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Medical Devices Research Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Runsheng Ruan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, #04-01, The Nanos, Singapore, Singapore 138669
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miller RA, Kreider J, Galecki A, Goldstein SA. Preservation of femoral bone thickness in middle age predicts survival in genetically heterogeneous mice. Aging Cell 2011; 10:383-91. [PMID: 21276183 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To see whether age-related changes in bone could predict subsequent lifespan, we measured multiple aspects of femur size and shape at 4, 15, and 24 months of age in genetically heterogeneous mice. Mice whose cortical bone became thicker from 4 to 15 months, associated with preservation of the endosteal perimeter, survived longer than mice whose endosteal cavity expanded, at the expense of cortical bone, over this age range. Femur size at age 4 months was also associated with a difference in life expectancy: mice with larger bones (measured by length, cortical thickness, or periosteal perimeter) had shorter lifespans. Femur length, midlife change in cortical bone thickness, and midlife values of CD8 T memory cells each added significant power for longevity prediction. Mice in the upper half of the population for each of these three endpoints lived, on average, 103 days (12%) longer than mice with the opposite characteristics. Thus, measures of young adult bone dimensions, changes as a result of bone remodeling in middle age, and immunological maturation provide partially independent indices of aging processes that together help to determine lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Selman C, Withers DJ. Mammalian models of extended healthy lifespan. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:99-107. [PMID: 21115536 PMCID: PMC3001304 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two centuries, there has been a significant increase in average lifespan expectancy in the developed world. One unambiguous clinical implication of getting older is the risk of experiencing age-related diseases including various cancers, dementia, type-2 diabetes, cataracts and osteoporosis. Historically, the ageing process and its consequences were thought to be intractable. However, over the last two decades or so, a wealth of empirical data has been generated which demonstrates that longevity in model organisms can be extended through the manipulation of individual genes. In particular, many pathological conditions associated with the ageing process in model organisms, and importantly conserved from nematodes to humans, are attenuated in long-lived genetic mutants. For example, several long-lived genetic mouse models show attenuation in age-related cognitive decline, adiposity, cancer and glucose intolerance. Therefore, these long-lived mice enjoy a longer period without suffering the various sequelae of ageing. The greatest challenge in the biology of ageing is to now identify the mechanisms underlying increased healthy lifespan in these model organisms. Given that the elderly are making up an increasingly greater proportion of society, this focused approach in model organisms should help identify tractable interventions that can ultimately be translated to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Selman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Novoseltsev VN, Mikhalskii AI. Mathematical modeling and aging: Research program. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057011010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Sloane LB, Stout JT, Austad SN, McClearn GE. Tail tendon break time: a biomarker of aging? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 66:287-94. [PMID: 21059835 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has attempted to identify biomarkers of aging that are predictive of longevity and specific age-related changes during animal life span. Tail tendon break time (TTBT), one presumed biomarker, measures collagen cross-linking, known to increase with age. Significant differences in the rate of increase of TTBT with age have been reported between mouse strains and animal species. We measured both TTBT and longevity in C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and 23 recombinant inbred (RI) strains (B×D RIs), with TTBT measured at 200, 500, and 800 days of age. Longevity demonstrated considerable variability among these strains (116-951 days). TTBT, also highly variable, increased significantly with age in both sexes and all genotypes. Neither TTBT nor its rate of change correlated significantly with life span. There were suggestive trends for rate of TTBT change to correlate with male longevity and strain longevity to correlate with female TTBT. We conclude that for the range of genetic variation found among these mouse genotypes, TTBT cannot be considered a robust biomarker of longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Sloane
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, STCBM Room 3.325, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Swindell WR. Genes and gene expression modules associated with caloric restriction and aging in the laboratory mouse. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:585. [PMID: 19968875 PMCID: PMC2795771 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caloric restriction (CR) counters deleterious effects of aging and, for most mouse genotypes, increases mean and maximum lifespan. Previous analyses of microarray data have identified gene expression responses to CR that are shared among multiple mouse tissues, including the activation of anti-oxidant, tumor suppressor and anti-inflammatory pathways. These analyses have provided useful research directions, but have been restricted to a limited number of tissues, and have focused on individual genes, rather than whole-genome transcriptional networks. Furthermore, CR is thought to oppose age-associated gene expression patterns, but detailed statistical investigations of this hypothesis have not been carried out. RESULTS Systemic effects of CR and aging were identified by examining transcriptional responses to CR in 17 mouse tissue types, as well as responses to aging in 22 tissues. CR broadly induced the expression of genes known to inhibit oxidative stress (e.g., Mt1, Mt2), inflammation (e.g., Nfkbia, Timp3) and tumorigenesis (e.g., Txnip, Zbtb16). Additionally, a network-based investigation revealed that CR regulates a large co-expression module containing genes associated with the metabolism and splicing of mRNA (e.g., Cpsf6, Sfpq, Sfrs18). The effects of aging were, to a considerable degree, similar among groups of co-expressed genes. Age-related gene expression patterns characteristic of most mouse tissues were identified, including up regulation of granulin (Grn) and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1). The transcriptional association between CR and aging varied at different levels of analysis. With respect to gene subsets associated with certain biological processes (e.g., immunity and inflammation), CR opposed age-associated expression patterns. However, among all genes, global transcriptional effects of CR were only weakly related to those of aging. CONCLUSION The study of aging, and of interventions thought to combat aging, has much to gain from data-driven and unbiased genomic investigations. Expression patterns identified in this analysis characterize a generalized response of mammalian cells to CR and/or aging. These patterns may be of importance in determining effects of CR on overall lifespan, or as factors that underlie age-related disease. The association between CR and aging warrants further study, but most evidence indicates that CR does not induce a genome-wide "reversal" of age-associated gene expression patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R Swindell
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Selman C, Tullet JM, Wieser D, Irvine E, Lingard SJ, Choudhury AI, Claret M, Al-Qassab H, Carmignac D, Ramadani F, Woods A, Robinson IC, Schuster E, Batterham RL, Kozma SC, Thomas G, Carling D, Okkenhaug K, Thornton JM, Partridge L, Gems D, Withers DJ. Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 signaling regulates mammalian life span. Science 2009; 326:140-4. [PMID: 19797661 PMCID: PMC4954603 DOI: 10.1126/science.1177221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 850] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) protects against aging and disease, but the mechanisms by which this affects mammalian life span are unclear. We show in mice that deletion of ribosomal S6 protein kinase 1 (S6K1), a component of the nutrient-responsive mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, led to increased life span and resistance to age-related pathologies, such as bone, immune, and motor dysfunction and loss of insulin sensitivity. Deletion of S6K1 induced gene expression patterns similar to those seen in CR or with pharmacological activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a conserved regulator of the metabolic response to CR. Our results demonstrate that S6K1 influences healthy mammalian life-span and suggest that therapeutic manipulation of S6K1 and AMPK might mimic CR and could provide broad protection against diseases of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Selman
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Jennifer M.A. Tullet
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniela Wieser
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Elaine Irvine
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Steven J. Lingard
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Agharul I. Choudhury
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Marc Claret
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Hind Al-Qassab
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Danielle Carmignac
- Division of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Medical Research Council National Institute of Medical Research, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Faruk Ramadani
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Angela Woods
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Iain C.A. Robinson
- Division of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Medical Research Council National Institute of Medical Research, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Eugene Schuster
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Rachel L. Batterham
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Sara C. Kozma
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, Genome Research Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - George Thomas
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, Genome Research Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - David Carling
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Janet M. Thornton
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David Gems
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Dominic J. Withers
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Han GM, Zhao B, Jeyaseelan S, Feng JM. Age-associated parallel increase of Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory and CD44(+)CD4(+) memory T cells in SJL/J mice. Cell Immunol 2009; 258:188-96. [PMID: 19482268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Effector/memory T cells (Tem) are required to maintain successful immunity, while regulatory T cells (Treg) are required to prevent excessive/uncontrolled inflammation and/or autoimmunity. Although both Tem and Treg cells are increased during aging, the relationship between the increased proportion of Foxp3(+) Treg cells and CD44(+) Tem cells with aging is not clearly understood. We found in this report that Foxp3(+) Treg cells are increased in parallel with CD44(+) Tem cells in SJL/J mice with aging, and that all Foxp3(+) Treg cells are of CD44(+) Tem phenotype, suggesting that the increased Foxp3(+) Treg cells originated from the expanded pool of CD44(+) Tem cells with aging. Our in vitro kinetic studies further suggested that Foxp3(+) Treg cells are converted through the CD44(+) stage. Furthermore, we observed that although the balance between Foxp3(+) Treg and CD44(+)Foxp3(-) Tem cells remained with aging, the aged mice have higher ratios of both Tem and Treg cells vs. naïve T cells resulting in the "shrunken" naïve T cell pools. Our results suggest that an age-associated imbalance of T cell repertoire is a mechanism that contributes to spontaneous occurrence of Hodgkin's-like lymphoma in aged SJL/J mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ming Han
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wong YT, Gruber J, Jenner AM, Ng MPE, Ruan R, Tay FEH. Elevation of oxidative-damage biomarkers during aging in F2 hybrid mice: protection by chronic oral intake of resveratrol. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:799-809. [PMID: 19159678 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 12/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV), a naturally occurring phytoalexin that can be found in red wine, berries, and peanuts, has been shown to extend both mean and maximum life span in model organisms. RSV has also been reported to shift the physiology of middle-aged mice on a high-calorie diet toward that of mice on a standard diet. These beneficial effects of RSV have been suggested to resemble caloric restriction. Our study in F2 four-way cross-hybrid mice was the first to evaluate the effects of aging and long-term RSV treatment (14.09+/-3.4 mg/L in drinking water for 6 or 12 months) on biomarkers of oxidative damage to DNA, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG); lipid, 8-iso-prostaglandin(2 alpha) (8-iso-PGF(2 alpha)); and protein, protein carbonyl content (PCC). There was a significant age-dependent accumulation of oxidative damage to DNA, lipid, and protein as well as a clear increase in urine 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) levels in the majority of mouse tissues. Rates of age-dependent increases in damage biomarkers varied between tissues. Chronic RSV treatment elevated total RSV plasma levels and reduced the observed age-dependent accumulation of (1) 8OHdG in liver and heart, (2) 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) in heart and urine, and (3) PCC in liver and kidney. However, a 12-month RSV intake resulted in significant elevation of 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) and PCC in kidney. Our studies demonstrate that RSV treatment consistently attenuated oxidative damage in tissues where age-related oxidative damage accumulation was prominent, but also suggested that chronic RSV treatment may induce nephrotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ting Wong
- Cancer and Ageing Research Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Swindell WR, Harper JM, Miller RA. How long will my mouse live? Machine learning approaches for prediction of mouse life span. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2008; 63:895-906. [PMID: 18840793 PMCID: PMC2693389 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/63.9.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediction of individual life span based on characteristics evaluated at middle-age represents a challenging objective for aging research. In this study, we used machine learning algorithms to construct models that predict life span in a stock of genetically heterogeneous mice. Life-span prediction accuracy of 22 algorithms was evaluated using a cross-validation approach, in which models were trained and tested with distinct subsets of data. Using a combination of body weight and T-cell subset measures evaluated before 2 years of age, we show that the life-span quartile to which an individual mouse belongs can be predicted with an accuracy of 35.3% (±0.10%). This result provides a new benchmark for the development of life-span–predictive models, but improvement can be expected through identification of new predictor variables and development of computational approaches. Future work in this direction can provide tools for aging research and will shed light on associations between phenotypic traits and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R Swindell
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
CD28 provides T-cell costimulation and enhances PI3K activity at the immune synapse independently of its capacity to interact with the p85/p110 heterodimer. Blood 2008; 111:1464-71. [PMID: 18006698 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-08-108050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Activation of PI3K is among the earliest signaling events observed in T cells after conjugate formation with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The relevant PI3K catalytic isoform and relative contribution of the TcR and CD28 to PI3K activity at the immune synapse have not been determined unequivocally. Using a quantitative imaging-based assay, we show that the PI3K activity at the T cell–APC contact area is dependent on the p110δ, but not the p110γ, isoform of PI3K. CD28 enhanced PIP3 production at the T-cell synapse independently of its YMNM PI3K-recruitment motif that instead was required for efficient PKCθ recruitment. CD28 could partially compensate for the lack of p110δ activity during T-cell activation, which indicates that CD28 and p110δ act in parallel and complementary pathways to activate T cells. Consistent with this, CD28 and p110δ double-deficient mice were severely immune compromised. We therefore suggest that combined pharmaceutic targeting of p110δ activity and CD28 costimulation has potent therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zahn JM, Poosala S, Owen AB, Ingram DK, Lustig A, Carter A, Weeraratna AT, Taub DD, Gorospe M, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Lakatta EG, Boheler KR, Xu X, Mattson MP, Falco G, Ko MSH, Schlessinger D, Firman J, Kummerfeld SK, Wood WH, Zonderman AB, Kim SK, Becker KG. AGEMAP: a gene expression database for aging in mice. PLoS Genet 2007; 3:e201. [PMID: 18081424 PMCID: PMC2098796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the AGEMAP (Atlas of Gene Expression in Mouse Aging Project) gene expression database, which is a resource that catalogs changes in gene expression as a function of age in mice. The AGEMAP database includes expression changes for 8,932 genes in 16 tissues as a function of age. We found great heterogeneity in the amount of transcriptional changes with age in different tissues. Some tissues displayed large transcriptional differences in old mice, suggesting that these tissues may contribute strongly to organismal decline. Other tissues showed few or no changes in expression with age, indicating strong levels of homeostasis throughout life. Based on the pattern of age-related transcriptional changes, we found that tissues could be classified into one of three aging processes: (1) a pattern common to neural tissues, (2) a pattern for vascular tissues, and (3) a pattern for steroid-responsive tissues. We observed that different tissues age in a coordinated fashion in individual mice, such that certain mice exhibit rapid aging, whereas others exhibit slow aging for multiple tissues. Finally, we compared the transcriptional profiles for aging in mice to those from humans, flies, and worms. We found that genes involved in the electron transport chain show common age regulation in all four species, indicating that these genes may be exceptionally good markers of aging. However, we saw no overall correlation of age regulation between mice and humans, suggesting that aging processes in mice and humans may be fundamentally different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Zahn
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Suresh Poosala
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Art B Owen
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Donald K Ingram
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ana Lustig
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Arnell Carter
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dennis D Taub
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiangru Xu
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark P Mattson
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Geppino Falco
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Minoru S. H Ko
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Schlessinger
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Firman
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sarah K Kummerfeld
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - William H Wood
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stuart K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin G Becker
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Selman C, Lingard S, Choudhury AI, Batterham RL, Claret M, Clements M, Ramadani F, Okkenhaug K, Schuster E, Blanc E, Piper MD, Al‐Qassab H, Speakman JR, Carmignac D, Robinson ICA, Thornton JM, Gems D, Partridge L, Withers DJ. Evidence for lifespan extension and delayed age–related biomarkers in insulin receptor substrate 1 null mice. FASEB J 2007; 22:807-18. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-9261com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Selman
- Centre for Diabetes and EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineRayne InstituteCentre for Research on AgeingDepartment of BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Steven Lingard
- Centre for Diabetes and EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineRayne InstituteCentre for Research on AgeingDepartment of BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Agharul I. Choudhury
- Centre for Diabetes and EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineRayne InstituteCentre for Research on AgeingDepartment of BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rachel L. Batterham
- Centre for Diabetes and EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineRayne InstituteCentre for Research on AgeingDepartment of BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Marc Claret
- Centre for Diabetes and EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineRayne InstituteCentre for Research on AgeingDepartment of BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Melanie Clements
- Centre for Diabetes and EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineRayne InstituteCentre for Research on AgeingDepartment of BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Faruk Ramadani
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentThe Babraham InstituteBabraham Research CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentThe Babraham InstituteBabraham Research CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Eugene Schuster
- European Bioinformatics InstituteWellcome Trust Genome CampusHinxtonCambridgeUK
| | - Eric Blanc
- European Bioinformatics InstituteWellcome Trust Genome CampusHinxtonCambridgeUK
| | - Matthew D. Piper
- Centre for Research on AgeingDepartment of BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Hind Al‐Qassab
- Centre for Diabetes and EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineRayne InstituteCentre for Research on AgeingDepartment of BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - John R. Speakman
- Aberdeen Centre for Energy Regulation and Obesity (ACERO)School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Danielle Carmignac
- Division of Molecular NeuroendocrinologyMedical Research Council National Institute of Medical ResearchLondonUK
| | - Iain C. A. Robinson
- Division of Molecular NeuroendocrinologyMedical Research Council National Institute of Medical ResearchLondonUK
| | - Janet M. Thornton
- European Bioinformatics InstituteWellcome Trust Genome CampusHinxtonCambridgeUK
| | - David Gems
- Centre for Research on AgeingDepartment of BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Linda Partridge
- Centre for Research on AgeingDepartment of BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Dominic J. Withers
- Centre for Diabetes and EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineRayne InstituteCentre for Research on AgeingDepartment of BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Acuña-Castillo C, Leiva-Salcedo E, Gómez CR, Pérez V, Li M, Torres C, Walter R, Murasko DM, Sierra F. T-kininogen: a biomarker of aging in Fisher 344 rats with possible implications for the immune response. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61:641-9. [PMID: 16870624 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/61.7.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T-kininogen (T-KG) is a reliable biomarker of aging in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Here we confirm, in a longitudinal study, a similar behavior in Fisher 344 rats of both sexes. In males, the increase in serum levels of T-KG follows an exponential curve, whereas in females the increase is best fitted by a linear curve. In both genders, dietary restriction delays the increase in T-KG. We have previously shown that T-KG inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation. Here we show that serum T-KG levels correlate negatively with the ability of splenocytes (most likely B cells) to proliferate in response to lipopolysaccharide. A similar correlation was not observed with other markers of inflammation, including alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), haptoglobin, or interleukin-10. We conclude that the increase in serum T-KG represents a useful biomarker of aging in Fisher 344, and it correlates with decreased lymphocyte proliferation with age, although a cause-effect relationship has not been established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Acuña-Castillo
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Progama de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zahn JM, Sonu R, Vogel H, Crane E, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Rabkin R, Davis RW, Becker KG, Owen AB, Kim SK. Transcriptional profiling of aging in human muscle reveals a common aging signature. PLoS Genet 2006; 2:e115. [PMID: 16789832 PMCID: PMC1513263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020115.eor] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed expression of 81 normal muscle samples from humans of varying ages, and have identified a molecular profile for aging consisting of 250 age-regulated genes. This molecular profile correlates not only with chronological age but also with a measure of physiological age. We compared the transcriptional profile of muscle aging to previous transcriptional profiles of aging in the kidney and the brain, and found a common signature for aging in these diverse human tissues. The common aging signature consists of six genetic pathways; four pathways increase expression with age (genes in the extracellular matrix, genes involved in cell growth, genes encoding factors involved in complement activation, and genes encoding components of the cytosolic ribosome), while two pathways decrease expression with age (genes involved in chloride transport and genes encoding subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport chain). We also compared transcriptional profiles of aging in humans to those of the mouse and fly, and found that the electron transport chain pathway decreases expression with age in all three organisms, suggesting that this may be a public marker for aging across species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Zahn
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Sonu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Emily Crane
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ralph Rabkin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald W Davis
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Research Resources Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Art B Owen
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Stuart K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
We analyzed expression of 81 normal muscle samples from humans of varying ages, and have identified a molecular profile for aging consisting of 250 age-regulated genes. This molecular profile correlates not only with chronological age but also with a measure of physiological age. We compared the transcriptional profile of muscle aging to previous transcriptional profiles of aging in the kidney and the brain, and found a common signature for aging in these diverse human tissues. The common aging signature consists of six genetic pathways; four pathways increase expression with age (genes in the extracellular matrix, genes involved in cell growth, genes encoding factors involved in complement activation, and genes encoding components of the cytosolic ribosome), while two pathways decrease expression with age (genes involved in chloride transport and genes encoding subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport chain). We also compared transcriptional profiles of aging in humans to those of the mouse and fly, and found that the electron transport chain pathway decreases expression with age in all three organisms, suggesting that this may be a public marker for aging across species.
Collapse
|
28
|
Pfister G, Weiskopf D, Lazuardi L, Kovaiou RD, Cioca DP, Keller M, Lorbeg B, Parson W, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Naive T Cells in the Elderly: Are They Still There? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1067:152-7. [PMID: 16803980 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1354.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the most striking changes in the primary lymphoid organs during human aging is the progressive involution of the thymus. As a consequence, the rate of naïve T cell output dramatically declines with age and the peripheral T cell pool shrinks. These changes lead to increased incidence of severe infections and decreased protective effect of vaccinations in the elderly. Little is, however, known of the composition and function of the residual naïve T cell repertoire in elderly persons. To evaluate the impact of aging on the naïve T cell pool, we investigated the quantity, phenotype, function, composition, and senescence status of CD45RA(+)CD28(+) human T cells--a phenotype generally considered as naïve cells--from both young and old healthy donors. We found a significant decrease in the number of CD45RA(+)CD28(+) T cells in the elderly, whereas the proliferative response of these cells is still unimpaired. In addition to their reduced number, CD45RA(+)CD28(+) T cells from old donors display significantly shorter telomeres and have a restricted TCR repertoire in nearly all 24 Vbeta families. These findings let us conclude that naïve T cells cannot be classified with conventional markers in old age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Pfister
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Systemwide functional and structural changes caused by the aging process encourage the implementation of new bioinformatics search strategies for markers of aging. Combinatorial biomarkers should be particularly favored, as they can quantify processes on multiple levels of biological organization and overcome an otherwise limited ability to access heterogeneities in populations. An even more challenging but rational approach is the development of systems biology models to describe molecular pathways and key networks mechanistically as they relate to age. Such reverse engineered models not only indicate critical and diagnostic components (that is, potential biomarkers) but also should be able to predict the progression of aging through computer simulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Kriete
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Masoro EJ. Overview of caloric restriction and ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 126:913-22. [PMID: 15885745 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2005.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 698] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2004] [Revised: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It has been known for some 70 years that restricting the food intake of laboratory rats extends their mean and maximum life span. In addition, such life extension has been observed over the years in many other species, including mice, hamsters, dogs, fish, invertebrate animals, and yeast. Since this life-extending action appears to be due to a restricted intake of energy, this dietary manipulation is referred to as caloric restriction (CR). CR extends life by slowing and/or delaying the ageing processes. The underlying biological mechanism responsible for the life extension is still not known, although many hypotheses have been proposed. The Growth Retardation Hypothesis, the first proposed, has been tested and found wanting. Although there is strong evidence against the Reduction of Body Fat Hypothesis, efforts have recently been made to resurrect it. While the Reduction of Metabolic Rate Hypothesis is not supported by experimental findings, it nevertheless still has advocates. Currently, the most popular concept is the Oxidative Damage Attenuation Hypothesis; the results of several studies provide support for this hypothesis, while those of other studies do not. The Altered Glucose-Insulin System Hypothesis and the Alteration of the Growth Hormone-IGF-1 Axis Hypothesis have been gaining favor, and data have emerged that link these two hypotheses as one. Thus, it may now be more appropriate to refer to them as the Attenuation of Insulin-Like Signaling Hypothesis. Finally, the Hormesis Hypothesis may provide an overarching concept that embraces several of the other hypotheses as merely specific examples of hormetic processes. For example, the Oxidative Damage Attenuation Hypothesis probably addresses only one of likely many damaging processes that underlie aging. It is proposed that low-intensity stressors, such as CR, activate ancient hormetic defense mechanisms in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals, defending them against a variety of adversities and, when long-term, retarding senescent processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Masoro
- Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Miller RA, Berger SB, Burke DT, Galecki A, Garcia GG, Harper JM, Sadighi Akha AA. T cells in aging mice: genetic, developmental, and biochemical analyses. Immunol Rev 2005; 205:94-103. [PMID: 15882347 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A combination of approaches - gene mapping, biomarker analysis, and studies of signal transduction - has helped to clarify the mechanisms of age-related change in mouse immune status and the implications of immune aging for late-life disease. Mapping studies have documented multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) that influence the levels of age-sensitive T-cell subsets. Some of these QTL have effects that are demonstrable in young-adult mice (8 months of age) and others demonstrable only in middle-aged mice (18 months). Biomarker studies show that T-cell subset levels measured at 8 or 18 months are significant predictors of lifespan for mice dying of lymphoma, fibrosarcoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, or all causes combined. Mice whose immune systems resemble that of young animals, i.e. with low levels of CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T cells and relatively high levels of CD4(+) T cells, tend to outlive their siblings with the opposite subset pattern. Biochemical analyses show that T cells from aged mice show defects in the activation process within a few minutes of encountering a stimulus and that the defects precede the recognition by the T-cell receptor of agonist peptides on the antigen-presenting cell. Defective assembly of cytoskeletal fibers and hyperglycosylation of T-cell surface glycoproteins contribute to the immunodeficiency state, and indeed treatment with a sialylglycoprotein endopeptidase can restore full function to CD4(+) T cells from aged donors in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Harper JM, Galecki AT, Burke DT, Miller RA. Body weight, hormones and T cell subsets as predictors of life span in genetically heterogeneous mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 125:381-90. [PMID: 15130756 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2004.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2004] [Revised: 02/27/2004] [Accepted: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that T cell subset levels, early life body weight, and levels of leptin and thyroid hormones can each serve, independently, as predictors of life span in populations of genetically heterogeneous mice. New data now confirm, in a replicate cohort, that T cell subset patterns predict longevity, and show that they can do so when measured in mice as young as 8 months of age. Individual T cell subsets, as well as composite indices that combine data from two or more T cell measures at 8 or 18 months, can be combined with 3- and 9-month body weight data to provide better prediction of life span than either immune or weight measures alone. Mice whose immune and weight measures are both in the lowest quartile have mean and maximal life spans that are 18% and 16-25% higher, respectively, than mice in the opposite quartiles for both traits. Thyroxine levels measured at 4 months lead to further improvement over models that combine weight and immune data only. A genome scan provided evidence for loci on chromosomes 2, 12, 13, and 17 that modulate age-sensitive T cell subset patterns at both 8 and 18 months of age. These data show that late-life mortality risks are influenced to a measurable degree by factors that modulate growth trajectory and hormone and immune status in the first third of the life span, and provide clues as to which early life systems deserve further scrutiny as potential mediators of late life disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Harper
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Functional analyses of changes in the immune response indicate that aging is associated with a decline of adaptive immunity whereas innate immunity is ramped up. Gene expression studies also support age-dependent changes in immunity. Studies using a large panel of methodologies and multiple species show that some of the most dramatic transcriptional changes that occur during aging are associated with immunity. This observation leads to two fundamental questions: (1) Why is the immune response altered with age? (2) Is this a consequence of aging or does it contribute to it? The origin of these changes and the mechanistic relationship among them as well as with aging must be identified. In mammals, this task is complicated by the interdependence of the innate and adaptive immune systems. The value of invertebrates as model organisms to help answer these questions is presented. This includes a description of the immune response in invertebrate models and how it compares with vertebrates, focusing on conserved pathways. Finally, these questions are explored in light of recent reports and data from our laboratory. Experimental alterations of longevity indicate that the differential expression of immunity-related genes during aging is linked to the rate of aging. Long-lived nematodes are more resistant to pathogens and blocking the expression of immune-related genes can prevent lifespan extension. These observations suggest that the immune response has a positive effect on longevity, possibly by increasing fitness. By contrast, it has been reported that activation of the immune system can reduce longevity upon starvation. We also observed that deregulation of the immune response has drastic effects on viability and longevity in Drosophila. These data suggest that the immune response results in a trade-off between beneficial and detrimental effects that might profoundly affect the aging process. Given this, immunity may be an ally early in life, but turns out to be an enemy as we age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian DeVeale
- Department of Biology, BioSciences Complex, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3 N6, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Huang C, Xiong C, Kornfeld K. Measurements of age-related changes of physiological processes that predict lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:8084-9. [PMID: 15141086 PMCID: PMC419561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0400848101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive, degenerative changes in many tissues. To elucidate the relationships among degenerative changes in Caenorhabditis elegans, we developed methods to measure age-related changes quantitatively and analyzed correlations among these changes by using a longitudinal study. The age-related declines of pharyngeal pumping and body movement were positively correlated with each other and lifespan. These findings suggest that the declines of pharyngeal pumping and body movement cause a decline in survival probability or that a shared regulatory system mediates the declines in pharyngeal pumping, body movement, and survival probability. Furthermore, measurements of these processes can be used to predict lifespan and detect premature aging. The declines of physiological processes were measured in daf-2, age-1, daf-16, eat-2, and clk-1 mutants that have altered lifespans. Each mutant strain displayed changes in one or more age-related declines, but the correlations among age-related changes were similar to WT. These measurements were used to generate a system of four stages that describes the aging process and is useful for the analysis of genetic and environmental effects on aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rikke BA. Early life predictors of old-age life expectancy. SCIENCE OF AGING KNOWLEDGE ENVIRONMENT : SAGE KE 2004; 2004:pe21. [PMID: 15152103 DOI: 10.1126/sageke.2004.20.pe21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The laboratory of Richard Miller and numerous heroic collaborators are in the process of testing a variety of life span predictors on more than 1000 mice. In their most recent publication, Harper et al. show that early-adulthood measures of T cell subsets, body weight, and thyroxine can be effectively combined to provide a highly significant predictor of life expectancy. Each measure appears to be an index of largely separate parameters that affect the course of aging. This article summarizes the results, discusses implications, mentions caveats, and suggests future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Rikke
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
HogenEsch H, Thompson S, Dunham A, Ceddia M, Hayek M. Effect of age on immune parameters and the immune response of dogs to vaccines: a cross-sectional study. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2004; 97:77-85. [PMID: 14700539 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of anti-aging intervention strategies in dogs would benefit from reliable quantitative biomarkers of aging. In the present study, the expression of various immune parameters was measured in young and old dogs to identify potential biomarkers of aging. The second goal of the study was to determine the effect of age on the immune response to vaccines. The immune function, including the antibody response to vaccines, was determined in 32 young adult (3.15+/-0.8 years of age) and 33 old dogs (12.1+/-1.3 years of age) of various breeds. Old dogs had a significantly lower lymphocyte proliferative response and a lower percentage of CD4+ T cells and CD45R+/CD4+ T cells, and a higher percentage of CD8+ T cells and a higher concentration of serum and salivary IgA. The most significant differences (P<0.001) occurred in the lymphocyte proliferative responses to ConA and PHA, the CD4:CD8 ratio, and the percentage of CD45R+/CD4+ T cells suggesting that these parameters are potential biomarkers of aging. There was no difference in the percentage of total T and B lymphocytes and the concentration of serum IgM and IgG. Both groups of dogs had protective titers against distemper virus, parvovirus and rabies virus before annual revaccination. The pre-vaccination titer against rabies virus was higher in the old dogs than in the young dogs, and there were no differences in post-vaccination titers against any of the viruses. This suggests that annual vaccination protocols provide adequate protection for old dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Purdue University, Veterinary Pathology Building, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2027, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Harper JM, Wolf N, Galecki AT, Pinkosky SL, Miller RA. Hormone levels and cataract scores as sex-specific, mid-life predictors of longevity in genetically heterogeneous mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2003; 124:801-10. [PMID: 12875743 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(03)00133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Serum levels of thyroxine (T4), leptin, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), as well as cataract severity, were evaluated as predictors of life span in a population of genetically heterogeneous mice (UM-HET3). Long life span was predicted by low levels of leptin at age 4 months in females, and by low levels of IGF-I at age 15 months and high levels of T4 at age 4 months, in males. Cataract severity at either 18 or 24 months was also a significant predictor of life span in females only, but in contrast to what has been reported in human studies, relatively severe cataract was correlated with longer life span. Additional work is needed to evaluate the role of these hormones as potential modulators of the aging process, and to resolve the conflicting data obtained for cataract severity as a predictor of life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Harper
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Davenport RJ. Immunity challenge. SCIENCE OF AGING KNOWLEDGE ENVIRONMENT : SAGE KE 2003; 2003:OA1. [PMID: 12844525 DOI: 10.1126/sageke.2003.23.oa1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
As people get older, their immune systems falter. The elderly are more susceptible to infections than youngsters are, and hyperactive inflammatory responses appear to contribute to some age-associated illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis. Investigating the effect of aging on the immune system was once a scientific stepchild, but card-carrying immunologists are now tackling the problem head-on. Despite the immune system's complexity, researchers have started to make sense of how its components change with age. As the research progresses, scientists hope to bolster elderly people's response to infectious diseases and quiet the inflammation that can make aging a painful experience.
Collapse
|
39
|
Jackson AU, Galecki AT, Burke DT, Miller RA. Genetic polymorphisms in mouse genes regulating age-sensitive and age-stable T cell subsets. Genes Immun 2003; 4:30-9. [PMID: 12595899 PMCID: PMC7091845 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To see whether genetic polymorphisms regulate inter-individual differences in T cell subset levels, we have conducted a genome scan in two populations of mice, bred as the progeny of a cross between CB6F1 females and C3D2F1 males. The data document quantitative trait loci (QTL) with statistically significant effects on CD4, CD8, and CD8 memory T cells, and on subsets of CD4 and CD8 T cells that express P-glycoprotein. Some of the loci detected were robust, in the sense that they produced effects of similar size both in mated female mice, and in a population that included male and female virgin animals. Some of the effects were stable, in that they were apparent at both 8 and 18 months of age, but others were age-specific, showing effects either at 8 or at 18 months but not at both ages. Genes that had an effect on the same T cell subset were in almost all cases additive rather than epistatic, and their combined effects could produce large overall effects, leading in the most dramatic case to a two-fold difference in CD8 memory cells. The analysis also documented two QTL, on chromosomes 4 and 13, that regulate an age-sensitive composite index of T cell subset pattern which has been shown previously to be a predictor of life expectancy in these mice. The analysis thus reveals both subset-specific genes and others which modulate the overall pattern of age-sensitive changes in T cell subset distributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A U Jackson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - A T Galecki
- Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- University of Michigan Institute of Gerontology, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Ann Arbor DVA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - D T Burke
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - R A Miller
- Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- University of Michigan Institute of Gerontology, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Ann Arbor DVA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Efferth T. Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter genes in ageing and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2003; 2:11-24. [PMID: 12437993 DOI: 10.1016/s1568-1637(02)00046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The family of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is the largest gene family known. While some ABC transporters translocate single substances across membranes with high specificity, others transport a wide variety of different lipophilic compounds. They are responsible for many physiological processes and are also implicated in a number of diseases. The present review focuses on ABC transporter genes which are involved in ageing and age-related diseases. Expression of ABCB1 (MDR1, P-glycoprotein) increases with age in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes indicating that P-glycoprotein may be involved in the secretion of cytokines, growth factors, and cytotoxic molecules. As T cells in aged individuals are hyporesponsive leading to a reduced immunodefence capability, a role of ABCB1 in age-related immunological processes is presumed. The ABCA1 (ABC1) gene product translocates intracellular cholesterol and phospholipids out of macrophages. Genetic aberrations in ABCA1 cause perturbations in lipoprotein metabolism and contribute to atherosclerosis. ABCA4 (ABCR) represents a retina-specific ABC transporter expressed in rod photoreceptor cells. The ABCA4 gene product translocates retinyl-derivatives. Mutations in the ABCA4 gene contribute to age-related macular degeneration. Polymorphisms in the sulfonylurea receptor gene (ABCC8, SUR1) are associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Sulfonylureas inhibit potassium conductance and are used to treat NIDDM by stimulation of insulin secretion across ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic beta-cell membranes. Possible diagnostic and therapeutic implications of ABC transporters for age-related diseases are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Efferth
- Virtual Campus Rhineland-Palatinate, Rodeneck Platz 2, 55126, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- B Grubeck-Loebenstein
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Early theories of aging suggested that organisms with relatively high metabolic rates would live shorter lives. Despite widespread tests of this 'rate of living' theory of aging, there is little empirical evidence to support the idea. A more fine-grained approach that examined age-related changes in metabolic rate over the life span could provide valuable insight into the relationship between metabolic rate and aging. Here we compare age-related metabolic rate (measured as CO2 production per hour) and age-related mortality rate among five species in the genus Drosophila. We find no evidence that longer-lived species have lower metabolic rates. In all five species, there is no clear evidence of an age-related metabolic decline. Metabolic rates are strikingly constant throughout the life course, with the exception of females of D. hydei, in which metabolic rates show an increase over the first third of the life span and then decline. We argue that some physiological traits may have been shaped by such strong selection over evolutionary time that they are relatively resistant to the decline in the force of selection that occurs within the life time of a single individual. We suggest that comparisons of specific traits that do not show signs of aging with those traits that do decline with age could provide insight into the aging process.
Collapse
|
43
|
Miller RA, Harper JM, Galecki A, Burke DT. Big mice die young: early life body weight predicts longevity in genetically heterogeneous mice. Aging Cell 2002; 1:22-9. [PMID: 12882350 DOI: 10.1046/j.1474-9728.2002.00006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Small body size has been associated with long life span in four stocks of mutant dwarf mice, and in two varieties of dietary restriction in rodents. In this study, small body size at ages 2-24 months was shown to be a significant predictor of life span in a genetically heterogeneous mouse population derived from four common inbred mouse strains. The association was strongest for weights measured early in adult life, and somewhat weaker, though still statistically significant, at later ages. The effect was seen both in males and females, and was replicated in an independent population of the same genetic background. Body size at ages 2-4 months was correlated with levels of serum leptin in both males and females, and with levels of IGF-I and thyroid hormone in females only. A genome scan showed the presence of polymorphic alleles on chromosomes 2, 6, 7 and 15 with significant effects on body weight at 2-4 months, at 10-12 months, or at both age ranges, showing that weight gain trajectory in this stock is under complex genetic control. Because it provides the earliest known predictor of life span, body weight may be usefully included in screens for induced mutations that alter aging. The evidence that weight in 2-month-old mice is a significant predictor of life span suggests that at least some of the lethal diseases of old age can be timed by factors that influence growth rate in juvenile rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Miller RA, Chrisp C. T cell subset patterns that predict resistance to spontaneous lymphoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, and fibrosarcoma in mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:1619-25. [PMID: 12133992 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.3.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging leads to changes in the proportion of several T cell subsets in peripheral blood, but it is not yet known whether these changes have prognostic significance for late-life diseases. To examine this question, levels of T cell subsets were measured at 8 and 18 mo of age in the peripheral blood of mice of a genetically heterogeneous stock, and the mice were then subsequently evaluated for life span and for cause of death. The results indicate that mice whose T cell subset patterns look like those of old mice tend to die at earlier ages, regardless of the specific cause of death. At 18 mo, 39% of the variance within the set of seven measured subsets could be combined statistically into a single number, whose correlation with individual subsets suggested that it could be interpreted as an index of immunological aging. T cell subset pattern, as represented by this index, was a predictor of life span in mice dying of lymphoma, fibrosarcoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, or of all other causes considered together. Even as early as 8 mo of age, T cell subset patterns are significant predictors of all three forms of cancer, although at this age the association is stronger in mated female mice than in virgin mice. These results support two controversial hypotheses, which are not mutually exclusive: 1) early immune senescence might predispose to early death from cancer and 2) differences in aging rate, as monitored by tests of immune status, might accelerate or decelerate a wide range of late life neoplastic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan Institute of Gerontology, and Ann Arbor Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 48109, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen J, Flurkey K, Harrison DE. A reduced peripheral blood CD4(+) lymphocyte proportion is a consistent ageing phenotype. Mech Ageing Dev 2002; 123:145-53. [PMID: 11718808 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(01)00347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood leukocyte composition was measured in young, middle-aged and old C57BL/6J (B6) and BALB/cByJ (BALB) mice by flow cytometry to test the hypothesis that ageing is associated with declines in the proportions of peripheral blood T lymphocytes. In both B6 and BALB mice, increasing age is associated with a significant and continuous decline in the proportions of CD4(+) lymphocytes, a moderate decline in the proportion of CD8(+) lymphocytes, a significant increase in the proportion of Gr1(+) granulocytes and an almost unchanged proportion of B lymphocytes. As expected, the proportion of CD44(low) naive T lymphocytes decreased with age. Expression of Fas (CD95(+)) on CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes showed no consistent change with age. We also measured peripheral blood CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte proportions in young and old A/J, CBA/CaJ, DBA/2J, DW/J and (DWxC3H) F1 mice. The CD4(+) lymphocyte proportion decreased from young to old age in these strains by 56,65,72,78 and 68%, respectively. The CD8(+) lymphocyte proportion decreased moderately with age in all the inbred strains tested but not in the (DWxC3H) F1 hybrid. Thus, a reduced proportion of peripheral blood CD4(+) lymphocytes is a consistent ageing phenotype in a wide range of Mus musculus strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
More often than not, cancer appears hand in hand with old age. Cancer is wedded to the progression of time through its need to accumulate multiple mutations. But some studies suggest a potentially deeper relation in which aging supplies cancer with a unique terrain where it can thrive. Although unresolved questions abound about the relation between cancer and aging, basic scientific insights are emerging, as are new ideas for keeping the lethal disease at bay.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
As a subgenre of biogerontology, biomarker research has developed a thoroughly tarnished reputation, and those who believe that biomarker studies should be a major focus in experimental aging research must now try to prove to their doubting colleagues that under the tarnish lies true metal, rather than more layers of tarnish. In this Perspective, the author argues that the discovery of biomarkers of aging is possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Miller
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|