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Skjødt M, Tully MA, Tsai LT, Gejl KD, Ørtenblad N, Jensen K, Koster A, Visser M, Andersen MS, Caserotti P. Need to Revise Classification of Physical Activity Intensity in Older Adults? The Use of Estimated METs, Measured METs, and V̇O2 Reserve. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae120. [PMID: 38703071 PMCID: PMC11215700 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiples of resting metabolic rate (RMR) are often used to classify physical activity intensity, a concept known as the metabolic equivalent of task (MET). However, the METs metrics may misclassify physical activity intensity in older adults because of age-related changes in RMR and maximal aerobic capacity (V˙O2max). This study aimed to (i) compare classifications of activity intensity by estimated (METsestimated) and measured (METsmeasured) METs and (ii) compare physical activity classified by absolute (METsmeasured) versus relative intensity (%V˙O2Reserve) in older adults. METHODS Ninety-eight adults aged 75-90 years participated in the study. RMR and V˙O2 during sitting, standing, daily activities, and 6-minute walking test were measured. V˙O2Reserve was defined as the difference between V˙O2max and RMR. Moderate and vigorous intensity was classified as 3 and 6 METs and 40% and 60% of V˙O2Reserve, respectively. Paired t tests and a confusion matrix were used to investigate aims 1 and 2, respectively. RESULTS METsmeasured was 24% lower than the standard 1 MET of 3.5 mL O2·min-1·kg-1. METsestimated underestimated the intensity during daily and walking activities when compared to METsmeasured. Nevertheless, when comparing METsmeasured to percentages of V˙O2Reserve, a mismatch was shown for moderate intensity in 47%-67% of the participants during daily activities and 21% of the participants during self-selected gait speed. CONCLUSIONS Applying METsestimated for older adults leads to potential underestimation of physical activity intensity, suggesting that current classification metrics should be revised for older adults. V˙O2Reserve is a candidate metric for establishing precise physical activity intensity cut points for older adults. Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT04821713.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Skjødt
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Active and Healthy Ageing (CAHA), Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK
| | - Li-Tang Tsai
- Research Unit for ORL—Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kasper Degn Gejl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kurt Jensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paolo Caserotti
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Active and Healthy Ageing (CAHA), Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Benjamim CJR, da Silva LSL, Sousa YBA, Rodrigues GDS, Pontes YMDM, Rebelo MA, Gonçalves LDS, Tavares SS, Guimarães CS, da Silva Sobrinho AC, Tanus-Santos JE, Gualano B, Bueno Júnior CR. Acute and short-term beetroot juice nitrate-rich ingestion enhances cardiovascular responses following aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension: A triple-blinded randomized controlled trial. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 211:12-23. [PMID: 38092272 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in blood pressure (BP) levels in the postmenopausal period can be partly explained by the decrease in nitric oxide synthases (NOS). OBJECTIVE To investigate the acute and one-week effects of beetroot juice nitrate-rich (BRJ-NO3-rich) ingestion on cardiovascular and autonomic performance in response to submaximal aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) who are physically inactive. METHODS Fourteen postmenopausal women with SAH [mean (SD) age: 59(4) y; BMI (kg/m2): 29.2(3.1)] completed submaximal aerobic exercise bouts after an acute and a one-week intervention with BRJ in a placebo-controlled, randomized, triple-blind, crossover design. Participants ingested either BRJ (800 mg of NO3-) or placebo acutely and drank either BRJ (400 mg of NO3-) or placebo every day for the next six days. After two and ½ hours, they performed a session of aerobic submaximal aerobic exercise, and their systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), heart rate (HR) recovery, and HR variability were measured. RESULTS In the post-exercise recovery period, SBP dropped significantly in the BRJ-NO3-rich group (-9.28 mmHg [95%CI: -1.68 to -16.88] ES: -0.65, p = 0.019) compared to placebo after acute ingestion. The FMD values increased after acute BRJ-NO3-rich on post-exercise (3.18 % [0.36 to 5.99] ES: 0.87, p = 0.031). After the one-week intervention, FMD values were higher in the BRJ-NO3-rich group before (4.5 % [1.62 to 7.37] ES: 1.21, p = 0.005) and post-exercise measurements (4.2 % [1.52 to 6.87] ES: 1.22, p = 0.004) vs. placebo. HRV indices with remarkable parasympathetic modulation to heart recovered faster on the BRJ-NO3-rich group than placebo group. No between-group differences were identified in values of HR post-exercise recovery in the 30s, 60s, 120s, 180s, and 300s. CONCLUSIONS Acute and short-term BRJ-NO3-rich ingestion may enhance cardiovascular and autonomic behavior in response to aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women diagnosed with SAH. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05384340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicero Jonas R Benjamim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Santos L da Silva
- School of Physical Education of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (EEFERP/USP) Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Yaritza B Alves Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme da Silva Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Macario Arosti Rebelo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Sakagute Tavares
- School of Physical Education of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (EEFERP/USP) Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina S Guimarães
- Ribeirao Preto Nursing School, University of São Paulo (EERP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa C da Silva Sobrinho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Bueno Júnior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (EEFERP/USP) Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Ribeirao Preto Nursing School, University of São Paulo (EERP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Groen WG, Wattel EM, de Groot AJ, Meiland FJM, Hertogh CMPM, Gerrits KHL. Exercise testing and training in frail older adults with an orthopedic impairment participating in a geriatric rehabilitation program: an international Delphi study. Eur Geriatr Med 2023; 14:985-997. [PMID: 37400662 PMCID: PMC10587272 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about exercise testing and training in orthopedic geriatric rehabilitation. This study aims to obtain expert-consensus-based recommendations on this matter. METHODS Using an online Delphi study we aimed to reach international expert consensus on statements related to testing and training of endurance capacity and muscle strength. Participants needed to have relevant research or clinical expertise. Statements were evaluated and explanatory comments could be provided. After each round anonymous results were presented to participants. Statements could be adjusted or new ones could be formulated if necessary. Consensus was defined as > 75% of participants agreeing. RESULTS Thirty experts completed the first round. Twenty-eight (93%) the second and 25 (83%) completed the third round. The majority of experts were physical therapists. Consensus was reached on a total of 34 statements. The statements and comments reflected the need for a pragmatic and tailored approach in this population both for testing and training. For example, for testing endurance capacity, a 6 Minute walk test was promoted and for testing muscle strength, performance in a functional activity was suggested. Ratings of perceived exertion were promoted for monitoring intensity of endurance and muscle strength training in patients without cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION In orthopedic GR, endurance and muscle strength testing should be pragmatic and is preferably performed in functional activities. For endurance training existing guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine can be strived for but adapted as needed and for muscle strength training only lower intensities are agreed upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim G Groen
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Ageing & Vitality, Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elizabeth M Wattel
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aafke J de Groot
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Franka J M Meiland
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees M P M Hertogh
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin H L Gerrits
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Merem Medische Revalidatie, Hilversum, The Netherlands
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Wolf C, Blackwell TL, Johnson E, Glynn NW, Nicklas B, Kritchevsky SB, Carnero EA, Cawthon PM, Cummings SR, Toledo FGS, Newman AB, Forman DE, Goodpaster BH. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in a Prospective Multicenter Cohort of Older Adults: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.25.23296120. [PMID: 37808837 PMCID: PMC10557808 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.23296120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measured by peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) declines with aging and correlates with mortality and morbidity. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) has long been the criterion method to assess CRF, but its feasibility, efficacy and reliability in older adults is unclear. The large, multicenter Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) employed CPET to evaluate the mechanisms underlying declines in mobility with aging among community-dwelling older adults. Our primary objective was to design and implement a CPET protocol in older adults that was dependable, safe, scientifically valuable, and methodologically reliable. METHODS CPET was performed using treadmill exercise in 875 adults ≥70 years. A composite protocol included a symptom-limited peak exercise phase and two submaximal phases to assess cardiopulmonary ventilatory indices during 1) participants' preferred walking speed and 2) at slow walking speed of 1.5 mph (0.67 m/s). An adjudication process was in place to review tests for validity if they met any prespecified criteria (VO2peak <12.0 ml/kg/min; maximum heart rate (HR) <100 bpm; respiratory exchange ratio (RER) <1.05 and a rating of perceived exertion <15). A repeat test was performed in a subset (N=30) to assess reproducibility. RESULTS CPET was safe and well tolerated, with 95.8% of participants able to complete the VO2peak phase of the protocol. Only 56 (6.4%) participants had a risk alert during any phase of testing and only two adverse events occurred during the peak phase: a fall and atrial fibrillation. The average ± standard deviation for VO2peak was 20.2 ± 4.8 mL/kg/min, peak HR 142 ± 18 bpm, and peak RER 1.14 ± 0.09. VO2peak and RER were slightly higher in men than women. Adjudication was indicated in 47 participants; 20 were evaluated as valid, 27 as invalid (18 had a data collection error, 9 did not reach VO2peak). Reproducibility of VO2peak was high (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.97). CONCLUSIONS CPET was feasible, effective and safe for community-dwelling older adults, many of whom had multimorbidity and frailty. These data support a broader implementation of CPET to provide important insight into the role of CRF and its underlying determinants in aging and age-related conditions and diseases. Clinical Perspective What Is New?: Performing cardiopulmonary exercise testing in a community dwelling older adult with multimorbidities or frailty is feasible and exceptionally safe under highly trained exercise physiologists and physician supervision.Reproducibility of VO2peak among community-dwelling older adults with significant clinical complexity was high (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.97).The VO2peak observed was comparable to established normative data for older adults, and adds merit to the limited data collected on VO2peak norms in older adults.What Are the Clinical Implications?: Ventilatory gas collection during clinical cardiac stress testing may be valuable to plan of care in routine management of older adults due to the important role of aerobic fitness on morbidity and mortality.Cardiopulmonary exercise testing can provide insight into the role of cardiorespiratory fitness and its underlying determinants in aging and age-related conditions and diseases.
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Moored KD, Qiao Y(S, Rosso AL, Toledo FGS, Cawthon PM, Cummings SR, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, Glynn NW. Dual Roles of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Fatigability in the Life-Space Mobility of Older Adults: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1392-1401. [PMID: 36715332 PMCID: PMC10395561 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness and perceived fatigability are interrelated components of physical capacity that may jointly influence movement within one's living environment (life-space mobility). We examined whether fitness and fatigability were associated with life-space mobility in community-dwelling older adults, and whether the association of fitness with life-space varied by the level of perceived fatigability. METHODS Participants were from the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) baseline cohort (N = 775, mean age 76.1 years). Life Space Assessment scores incorporated level, frequency, and assistance used (personal, devices) for life-space mobility. Fitness was measured as VO2peak from symptom-limited treadmill testing. Fatigability cut-points included: (i) Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) ≥ 10 after a fixed-speed (1.5 mph) treadmill test, (ii) the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) Physical ≥ 15, and (iii) PFS Mental ≥ 13. The total count of cut-points was used as a composite fatigability measure (range: 0-3). Linear regressions were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and health confounders. RESULTS Better fitness was associated with greater life-space, but the association plateaued at higher fitness levels (VO2peak > 18). Life-space was significantly lower for individuals meeting ≥2 fatigability criteria (vs none), attributable mainly to more severe physical, but not mental, fatigability. In moderation analyses, the fitness-life-space association was significant only for those with RPE ≥ 10 but did not differ by PFS. CONCLUSION Fitness below a critically low threshold was associated with limited life-space mobility, suggesting that certain older individuals may need to operate close to their maximum aerobic capacity to traverse daily environments; these associations were driven by those with more severe physical fatigability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Moored
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yujia (Susanna) Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea L Rosso
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frederico G S Toledo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Skolasinska P, Basak C, Qin S. Influence of Strenuous Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Age-Related Differences in Brain Activations During Varieties of Cognitive Control. Neuroscience 2023; 520:58-83. [PMID: 37054946 PMCID: PMC10234626 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
While there is extensive literature on the beneficial effects of physical activity on age differences in cognitive control, limited research exists on comparing the contributions of strenuous physical activity (sPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to fluctuations in the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals during varieties of cognitive control. The current study addresses this gap in knowledge by investigating BOLD signal differences between high-fit and low-fit older adults, determined by their sPA or CRF, during a novel fMRI task with a hybrid block and event-related design that included transient activations (during switching, updating and their combination trials) and sustained activations (during proactive and reactive control blocks). fBOLD signals from older (n = 25) were compared to more functionally efficient younger (n = 15) adults. High-sPA old showed higher task accuracy than Low-sPA old and similar accuracy as young. Whole-brain fMRI analyses identified higher BOLD activations (esp. dlPFC/MFG) in high-fit old during updating and combination trials that were similar to young, suggesting maintenance of BOLD signals in higher fit older adults during working memory updating. Additionally, both High-sPA and High-CRF related compensatory overactivation were observed in left parietal and occipital areas during sustained activations, which were positively correlated with older adults' accuracy. These results suggest that physical fitness is a modifier of age-related changes in BOLD signal modulation elicited in response to increasing cognitive control demands, with higher fitness in old contributing to both compensatory overactivations and maintenance of task-related brain activations during cognitive control, whereas lower fitness contributed to maladaptive overactivations during lower cognitive demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Skolasinska
- Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
| | - Chandramallika Basak
- Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Shuo Qin
- Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
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McGreevy KM, Radak Z, Torma F, Jokai M, Lu AT, Belsky DW, Binder A, Marioni RE, Ferrucci L, Pośpiech E, Branicki W, Ossowski A, Sitek A, Spólnicka M, Raffield LM, Reiner AP, Cox S, Kobor M, Corcoran DL, Horvath S. DNAmFitAge: biological age indicator incorporating physical fitness. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204538. [PMID: 36812475 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Physical fitness is a well-known correlate of health and the aging process and DNA methylation (DNAm) data can capture aging via epigenetic clocks. However, current epigenetic clocks did not yet use measures of mobility, strength, lung, or endurance fitness in their construction. We develop blood-based DNAm biomarkers for fitness parameters gait speed (walking speed), maximum handgrip strength, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) which have modest correlation with fitness parameters in five large-scale validation datasets (average r between 0.16-0.48). We then use these DNAm fitness parameter biomarkers with DNAmGrimAge, a DNAm mortality risk estimate, to construct DNAmFitAge, a new biological age indicator that incorporates physical fitness. DNAmFitAge is associated with low-intermediate physical activity levels across validation datasets (p = 6.4E-13), and younger/fitter DNAmFitAge corresponds to stronger DNAm fitness parameters in both males and females. DNAmFitAge is lower (p = 0.046) and DNAmVO2max is higher (p = 0.023) in male body builders compared to controls. Physically fit people have a younger DNAmFitAge and experience better age-related outcomes: lower mortality risk (p = 7.2E-51), coronary heart disease risk (p = 2.6E-8), and increased disease-free status (p = 1.1E-7). These new DNAm biomarkers provide researchers a new method to incorporate physical fitness into epigenetic clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M McGreevy
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Torma
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matyas Jokai
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ake T Lu
- San Diego Institute of Science, Altos Labs, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Daniel W Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology and Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexandra Binder
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ewelina Pośpiech
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Forensic Genetics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Branicki
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ossowski
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aneta Sitek
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Simon Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Michael Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David L Corcoran
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,San Diego Institute of Science, Altos Labs, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Relationship between Measured Aerobic Capacity and Total Energy Expenditure Obtained by the Doubly Labeled Water Method in Community-Dwelling, Healthy Adults Aged 81–94 Years. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7020048. [PMID: 35447851 PMCID: PMC9029020 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The doubly labeled water method is a gold-standard method for the measurement of total energy expenditure in daily life. We aimed to identify the relationship between measured aerobic capacity and total energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure, or physical activity level using the doubly labeled water method in adults of advanced old age. A total of 12 physically independent older adults (10 men and 2 women), aged 81–94 years, participated in this study. The aerobic capacity was evaluated according to the lactate threshold. Total energy expenditure under free-living conditions was assessed using the doubly labeled water method, and self-reported physical activity was obtained using the Japanese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The lactate threshold was significantly positively correlated with total energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure, and physical activity level after adjusting for age and sex. We found that the aerobic capacity of the lactate threshold was positively and independently correlated with total energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure, or physical activity level. The present results suggest that maintaining aerobic capacity is an important factor in preventing frailty, although further research is required.
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Lake SL, Guadagni V, Kendall KD, Chadder M, Anderson TJ, Leigh R, Rawling JM, Hogan DB, Hill MD, Poulin MJ. Aerobic exercise training in older men and women-Cerebrovascular responses to submaximal exercise: Results from the Brain in Motion study. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15158. [PMID: 35212167 PMCID: PMC8874289 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction, and global mortality. Regular exercise might mitigate age-related declines in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular function. In this study, we hypothesize that a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention will lead to a decrease in cerebrovascular resistance index (CVRi) and to an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi) during two submaximal exercise workloads (40% VO2 max and 65 W), intensities that have been shown to be comparable to activities of daily life. Two hundred three low-active healthy men and women enrolled in the Brain in Motion study, completed a 6-month exercise intervention and underwent submaximal and maximal tests pre-/post-intervention. The intervention improved the gas exchange threshold and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), with no change in heart rate at VO2 max, during the treadmill VO2 max test. Heart rate and CVRi decreased from pre-intervention values during both relative (40% VO2 max) and absolute (65 W) submaximal exercise tests. Blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery and CVCi increased post-intervention during 40% VO2 max and 65 W. Changes in mean arterial pressure were found only during the absolute component (65 W). Our study demonstrates that aerobic exercise improves not only cardiorespiratory indices but also cerebrovascular function at submaximal workloads which may help to mitigate age-related declines in everyday life. Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the decline in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular capacity with aging has important implications for the maintenance of health and continued independence of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja L Lake
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clinical & Translational Exercise Physiology Lab, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Veronica Guadagni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen D Kendall
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clinical & Translational Exercise Physiology Lab, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michaela Chadder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clinical & Translational Exercise Physiology Lab, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Todd J Anderson
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Leigh
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean M Rawling
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David B Hogan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael D Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marc J Poulin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Brenda Strafford Foundation Chair in Alzheimer Research, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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10
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A Comparison of the Validity of Three Exercise Tests for Estimating Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Korean Adults Aged 19–64 Years. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of three submaximal exercise tests (SMETs) and develop practical predictive models for the VO2max in Korean adults. A total of 541 (287 males and 254 females) adults participated in this study. Their ages ranged from 19 to 64. The VO2max was measured using the maximal-graded exercise treadmill test. The SMETs were performed by a treadmill test, the YMCA step test, and the PACER test. Regression analysis was conducted to compare the validity of the VO2max predictive equations using SMETs. The validity of the predictive models was evaluated using explanatory power, standard error of estimate (SEE), and Bland-Altman analysis. The explanatory power between the measured VO2max and the predicted VO2max was 58.0% (<0.001), 59.2% (<0.001), and 71.7% (<0.001), respectively. The SEEs were 4.545, 4.478, and 3.732 (mL/kg/min). The models were significant predictors of VO2max and had acceptable validity in a large sample of Korean adults. Especially, among the predictive models, PACER had the highest acceptable effectiveness. Therefore, the equations developed in this study are recommended to better evaluate the cardiovascular endurance of Korean adults.
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11
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Manoel FDA, Peserico CS, Machado FA. Novel track field test to determine Vpeak, relationship with treadmill test and 10-km running performance in trained endurance runners. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260338. [PMID: 35085265 PMCID: PMC8794091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the peak running velocity on the track field (Vpeak_TF) based on the laboratory treadmill test (Vpeak_T), and relate the Vpeak values as well as their correlation with the 10-km running performance in trained endurance runners. Method Twenty male trained endurance runners (age: 29.5 ± 5.3 years; V̇O2max: 67.5±17.6 ml · kg-1·min-1) performed three maximum incremental tests to determine the Vpeak: one for Vpeak_T determination and two to obtain Vpeak_TF on the official track field (400 m), and a 10-km running performance. During the incremental tests, maximum heart rate (HRmax), maximal rating of perceived exertion (RPEmax), and peak lactate concentration (LApeak) were determined. Results The results showed significant difference between the Vpeak_TF and Vpeak_T (18.1 ± 1.2 vs. 19.2 ± 1.5 km·h-1, respectively), as well as the total time of the tests, the distance traveled and the RPEmax determined during the tests. A high correlation was observed between the Vpeak values (r = 0.94), and between Vpeak_TF and Vpeak_T with 10-km running performance (r = -0.95 vs. r = -0.89, respectively). Conclusions The good agreement and association with Vpeak_T and high correlation with 10-km running performance demonstrate that the novel track field test is efficient for Vpeak_TF determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de A. Manoel
- Department of Physical Education, Cesumar University, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cecilia S. Peserico
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabiana A. Machado
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Associate Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education UEM/UEL, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Post-Graduate Program of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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12
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Physical activity and fitness moderate the association between executive function and anti-correlated networks in the aging brain. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Glynn NW, Gmelin T, Renner SW, QiaoScM YS, Boudreau RM, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Cosentino S, Andersen SL, Christensen K, Newman AB. Perceived Physical Fatigability Predicts All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:837-841. [PMID: 34908118 PMCID: PMC8974332 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceived physical fatigability is highly prevalent in older adults and associated with mobility decline and other health consequences. We examined the prognostic value of perceived physical fatigability as an independent predictor of risk of death among older adults. METHODS Participants (N = 2,906), mean age 73.5 [SD, 10.4] years, 54.2% women, 99.7% white enrolled in the Long Life Family Study were assessed at Visit 2 (2014-2017) with 2.7 [SD, 1.0] years follow-up. The Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS), a 10-item, self-administered validated questionnaire (score range 0-50, higher=greater fatigability) measured perceived physical fatigability at Visit 2. Deaths post-Visit 2 through December 31, 2019 were identified by: family members notifying field centers, reporting during another family member's annual phone follow-up, an obituary, or Civil Registration System (Denmark). We censored all other participants at their last contact. Cox proportional hazard models predicted mortality by fatigability severity, adjusted for family relatedness and other covariates. RESULTS Age-adjusted PFS Physical scores were higher for those who died (19.1 [SE, 0.8]) compared to alive (12.2, [SE, 0.4]) overall, as well as across age strata (P<.001), except for those 60-69 years (P=.79). Participants with the most severe fatigability (PFS Physical scores ≥25) were over twice as likely to die (HR, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.65 to 3.28]) compared to those with less severe fatigability (PFS Physical scores <25) after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS This work underscores the utility of the PFS as a novel patient-reported prognostic indicator of phenotypic aging that captures both overt and underlying disease burden that predicts death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy W Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Theresa Gmelin
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sharon W Renner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Columbus State University, Columbus, GA, USA
| | - Yujia Susanna QiaoScM
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert M Boudreau
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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14
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Predovan D, Berryman N, Lussier M, Comte F, Vu TTM, Villalpando JM, Bherer L. Assessment of the Relationship Between Executive Function and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Older Adults. Front Psychol 2021; 12:742184. [PMID: 34803824 PMCID: PMC8595132 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.742184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and brain health in healthy older adults have been reported using a variety of cardiorespiratory fitness estimates (CRFe). Using commonly used methods to determine CRF, we assessed the relationship between CRFe and executive function performance. Healthy older adults (n = 60, mean age 68 years, 77% women), underwent three CRF tests: a Maximal Graded Exercise Test performed on a cycle ergometer, the Rockport Fitness Walking Test, and a Non-Exercise Prediction Equation. Executive function was assessed by a computerized cognitive assessment using an N-Back task (updating cost) and a Stroop task (interference cost, global and local switch cost). Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between different CRFe and executive function performance. Regardless of age and education, cardiorespiratory fitness estimated from the Maximal Graded Exercise Test and the Rockport Fitness Walking Test was significantly associated with the global switch cost. All CRFe were associated with the interference cost. No association was observed between CRFe and local switching costs or the updating costs. In the present study, not all subcomponents of executive function were related to CRFe. Interestingly, the executive functions that were associated with CRFe are those that are known to be the most affected by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Predovan
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Berryman
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Lussier
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Comte
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thien Tuong Minh Vu
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Service de Gériatrie, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Louis Bherer
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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15
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Moffit RE, Qiao YS, Moored KD, Santanasto AJ, Lange-Maia BS, Cawthon PM, Goodpaster BH, Strotmeyer ES, Newman AB, Glynn NW. Estimating cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults using a usual-paced 400-m long-distance corridor walk. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021; 69:3328-3330. [PMID: 34269423 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reagan E Moffit
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yujia Susanna Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyle D Moored
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam J Santanasto
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brittney S Lange-Maia
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elsa S Strotmeyer
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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van Zant RS, Colchagoff WR, Cox AM, Eggleston BR, Griffith AD, Harrison LM, Newberry AS, Price BL. Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of body weight supported treadmill walking in healthy older adults. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:705-709. [PMID: 33871242 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine if body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) decreased metabolic and cardiovascular demand in older (50-74 years) healthy adults while walking a self-selected speeds. The results of this study could impact clinician application to exercise therapy. METHODS Twenty subjects (50% female, 58.3+7.3 yr) completed 3, 5-minute treadmill walking trials at a self-selected pace, with 0%, 15%, and 30% body weight support (BWS). Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured at rest, and during walking trials. Mean data from minutes 3-5 were analyzed for difference by repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc testing. RESULTS At rest, HR was 70.8+8.2 bpm and BP was 126.8+12.2 / 84.3+8.6 mmHg. Mean walking speed was 67.1 m/min. Tested parameters during exercise trials were significantly (p<0.05) different from rest, but no significant differences were detected among the 3 exercise trials. CONCLUSIONS In older adults walking at self-selected speeds, up to 30% BWS had no significant impact on metabolic or cardiovascular demand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anya M Cox
- Physical Therapy Department, University of Findlay Findlay, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Linda M Harrison
- Physical Therapy Department, University of Findlay Findlay, OH, USA
| | - Amie S Newberry
- Physical Therapy Department, University of Findlay Findlay, OH, USA
| | - Blake L Price
- Physical Therapy Department, University of Findlay Findlay, OH, USA
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17
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Pothier K, Vrinceanu T, Intzandt B, Bosquet L, Karelis AD, Lussier M, Vu TTM, Nigam A, Li KZH, Berryman N, Bherer L. A comparison of physical exercise and cognitive training interventions to improve determinants of functional mobility in healthy older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 149:111331. [PMID: 33774144 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mobility is a complex but crucial clinical outcome in older adults. Past observational studies have highlighted that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), energy cost of walking (ECW), and cognitive switching abilities are associated with mobility performance, making these key determinants of mobility intervention targets to enhance mobility in older adults. The objective of this study was to compare, in the same design, the impact of three training methods - each known to improve either CRF, ECW, or cognitive switching abilities - on mobility in healthy older adults. METHODS Seventy-eight participants (69.28 ± 4.85yo) were randomly assigned to one of three twelve-week interventions: Aerobic Exercise (AE; n = 26), Gross Motor Abilities (GMA; n = 27), or Cognitive (COG; n = 25) training. Each intervention was designed to improve one of the three key determinants of mobility (CRF, ECW, and cognitive switching). Primary outcomes (usual gait speed, and TUG performance) and the three mobility determinants were measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS Repeated-measures ANOVAs showed a time effect for TUG performance (F(1,75) = 14.92, p < .001): all groups equally improved after the intervention (ΔTUGpost-pre, in seconds, with 95% CI: AE = -0.44 [-0.81 to -0.08]; GMA = -0.60 [-1.10 to -0.10]; COG = -0.33 [-0.71 to 0.05]). No significant between group differences were observed. CRF was improved in the AE group only (Hedges' G = 0.27, small effect), ECW and cognitive switching improved the most in the GMA (Hedges' G = -0.78, moderate effect) and COG groups (Hedges' G = -1.93, large effect) respectively. Smaller improvements in ECW were observed following AE and COG trainings (Hedges' G: AE = -0.39, COG = -0.36, both small effects) as well as in cognitive switching following AE and GMA training (Hedges' G: AE = -0.42, GMA = -0.21, both small effects). DISCUSSION This study provides further support to the notion that multiple interventional approaches (aerobic, gross motor exercise, or cognitive training) can be employed to improve functional mobility in older adults, giving them, and professionals, more options to promote healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristell Pothier
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada; EA 2114, Psychologie des Âges de la Vie et Adaptation, University of Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Tudor Vrinceanu
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Brittany Intzandt
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada; Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Laurent Bosquet
- Laboratory MOVE (EA 6314), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Antony D Karelis
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Lussier
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - T T Minh Vu
- Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Anil Nigam
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Karen Z H Li
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Berryman
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Laboratory MOVE (EA 6314), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Sports Studies, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada; Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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18
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Langhammer B, Lindmark B, Stanghelle JK. Baseline walking ability as an indicator of overall walking ability and ADL at 3, 6, and 12 months after acute stroke. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2021.1872700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Langhammer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Johan K. Stanghelle
- Faculty of Medicine, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Seeger B, Grau M. Relation between Exercise Performance and Blood Storage Condition and Storage Time in Autologous Blood Doping. BIOLOGY 2020; 10:14. [PMID: 33383643 PMCID: PMC7824255 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Professional athletes are expected to continuously improve their performance, and some might also use illegal methods-e.g., autologous blood doping (ABD)-to achieve improvements. This article applies a systematic literature review to investigate differences in the ABD methods and the related performance and blood parameters owing to different storage conditions-cryopreservation (CP) and cold storage (CS)-and different storage durations. The literature research resulted in 34 original articles. The majority of currently published studies employed CS during ABD. This contrasts to the applied storage technique in professional sports, which was mainly reported to be CP. The second outcome of the literature research revealed large differences in the storage durations applied, which were in the range of one day to 17 weeks between blood sampling and re-infusion, which might affect recovery of the red blood cell mass and thus performance outcome related to ABD. Data revealed that performance parameters were positively affected by ABD when a minimal storage duration of four weeks was adhered. This article identified a need for further research that reflect common ABD practice and its real effects on performance parameters, but also on related blood parameters in order to develop valid and reliable ABD detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marijke Grau
- Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50677 Cologne, Germany;
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20
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Martin-Rincon M, Calbet JAL. Progress Update and Challenges on V . O 2max Testing and Interpretation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1070. [PMID: 33013459 PMCID: PMC7494971 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The maximal oxygen uptake ( V . O2max) is the primary determinant of endurance performance in heterogeneous populations and has predictive value for clinical outcomes and all-cause mortality. Accurate and precise measurement of V . O2max requires the adherence to quality control procedures, including combustion testing and the use of standardized incremental exercise protocols with a verification phase preceded by an adequate familiarization. The data averaging strategy employed to calculate the V . O2max from the breath-by-breath data can change the V . O2max value by 4-10%. The lower the number of breaths or smaller the number of seconds included in the averaging block, the higher the calculated V . O2max value with this effect being more prominent in untrained subjects. Smaller averaging strategies in number of breaths or seconds (less than 30 breaths or seconds) facilitate the identification of the plateau phenomenon without reducing the reliability of the measurements. When employing metabolic carts, averaging intervals including 15-20 breaths or seconds are preferable as a compromise between capturing the true V . O2max and identifying the plateau. In training studies, clinical interventions and meta-analysis, reporting of V . O2max in absolute values and inclusion of protocols and the averaging strategies arise as imperative to permit adequate comparisons. Newly developed correction equations can be used to normalize V . O2max to similar averaging strategies. A lack of improvement of V . O2max with training does not mean that the training program has elicited no adaptations, since peak cardiac output and mitochondrial oxidative capacity may be increased without changes in V . O2max.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jose A. L. Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Intzandt B, Sabra D, Foster C, Desjardins-Crépeau L, Hoge RD, Steele CJ, Bherer L, Gauthier CJ. Higher cardiovascular fitness level is associated with lower cerebrovascular reactivity and perfusion in healthy older adults. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1468-1481. [PMID: 31342831 PMCID: PMC7308519 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19862873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by vascular and structural changes in the brain, which include decreased grey matter volume (GMV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). Enhanced fitness in aging has been related to preservation of GMV and CBF, and in some cases CVR, although there are contradictory relationships reported between CVR and fitness. To gain a better understanding of the complex interplay between fitness and GMV, CBF and CVR, the present study assessed these factors concurrently. Data from 50 participants, aged 55 to 72, were used to derive GMV, CBF, CVR and VO2peak. Results revealed that lower CVR was associated with higher VO2peak throughout large areas of the cerebral cortex. Within these regions lower fitness was associated with higher CBF and a faster hemodynamic response to hypercapnia. Overall, our results indicate that the relationships between age, fitness, cerebral health and cerebral hemodynamics are complex, likely involving changes in chemosensitivity and autoregulation in addition to changes in arterial stiffness. Future studies should collect other physiological outcomes in parallel with quantitative imaging, such as measures of chemosensitivity and autoregulation, to further understand the intricate effects of fitness on the aging brain, and how this may bias quantitative measures of cerebral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Intzandt
- INDI Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dalia Sabra
- Départment de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Catherine Foster
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,Physics Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laurence Desjardins-Crépeau
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Richard D Hoge
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Canada
| | - Christopher J Steele
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Louis Bherer
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Départment de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Claudine J Gauthier
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,Physics Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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22
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Deane CS, Phillips BE, Smith K, Steele AM, Libretto T, Statton SA, Atherton PJ, Etheridge T. Challenges and practical recommendations for successfully recruiting inactive, statin-free older adults to clinical trials. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:174. [PMID: 32209122 PMCID: PMC7092412 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To outline the challenges and provide practical recommendations for recruiting inactive, statin-free older adults to facilitate feasible study designs. Data was obtained from a double-blind randomised-controlled clinical trial investigating the effects of acipimox versus placebo on muscle function and metabolism in older (65-75 years), inactive, statin-free males. The initial recruitment target was 20 volunteers within 12 months (November 2016-November 2017). RESULTS Recruitment occurred via the Exeter 10,000 database containing 236 'eligible' males, a Facebook campaign reaching > 8000 ≥ 65 years old males, 400 directly-addressed letters to ≥ 66 year old males, > 1500 flyers distributed within the community, > 40 emails to local community groups, 4 recruitment talks, 2 magazine adverts and 1 radio advert. Widespread recruitment efforts reaching > 120,000 people led to the recruitment of 20 volunteers (18 completed the clinical trial) within a 25-month timeframe, highlighting the challenge of the timely recruitment of inactive, statin-free older adults for clinical trials. We recommend recruitment for future clinical trials should take a multi-pronged approach from the outset, prioritising the use of volunteer databases, Facebook campaigns and delivering recruitment talks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Deane
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Medicine and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Medicine and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Anna M Steele
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Research Innovation Learning and Development Building, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Tina Libretto
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Research Innovation Learning and Development Building, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Sarah A Statton
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Research Innovation Learning and Development Building, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Medicine and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
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23
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Enette L, Vogel T, Merle S, Valard-Guiguet AG, Ozier-Lafontaine N, Neviere R, Leuly-Joncart C, Fanon JL, Lang PO. Effect of 9 weeks continuous vs. interval aerobic training on plasma BDNF levels, aerobic fitness, cognitive capacity and quality of life among seniors with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2020; 17:2. [PMID: 31921371 PMCID: PMC6945614 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-019-0234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that aerobic-type training confers physical benefits and appears to contribute positively to brain health. This study aims to compare the effect of 9-weeks continuous (CAT) to interval aerobic training (IAT) on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plasma level, aerobic fitness, cognitive performance, and quality of life among senior with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods 52 participants were randomly allocated into three groups (CAT n = 14; IAT n = 17; and Controls n = 21). CAT and IAT consisted of 18 sessions of 30-min cycling, twice a week, over 9 weeks. During the same period, controls were engaged in interactive information sessions. Plasma BDNF level; aerobic fitness parameters (Metabolic equivalent task - METs; Maximal Tolerated Power - MTP); functional capacities (6-Minute Walk Test - 6MWT); cognitive performance (Mini Mental State Examination; Rey auditory verbal learning test; and digit span test) and quality of life (Quality Of Life of Alzheimer's Disease scale - QoL-AD) were measured in all participants at baseline and 9 weeks later. A third plasma BDNF level was quantified following a 4 weeks detraining. Results No significant change was measured in terms of plasma BDNF level and cognitive performance after interventions, in all groups compared to baseline. After 9 weeks, CAT and IAT significantly improved aerobic fitness parameters compared to controls (METs: + 0.6 and + 1.0 vs. + 0.4; MTP: + 16 watts and + 20 watts vs. + 10 watts; and functional capacities (6MWT: + 22 m and + 31 m vs. -40 m). Compared to controls, QoL-AD after CAT was improved (+ 2 points; p = 0.02). Conclusions Neither aerobic exercise modalities significantly modified plasma BDNF levels and cognitive performances. CAT and IAT enhanced aerobic fitness and functional capacities in AD patients and CAT their QoL. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov website (NCT02968875); registration date: 7 September 2016. "Retrospectively registered".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lievyn Enette
- 1Research Laboratory Mitochondria, Oxidative stress and muscle resistance (MSP, EA-3072), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg University, Résidence La Yole, bat. B L'Etang Z'abricot, 97200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Vogel
- 1Research Laboratory Mitochondria, Oxidative stress and muscle resistance (MSP, EA-3072), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg University, Résidence La Yole, bat. B L'Etang Z'abricot, 97200 Strasbourg, France.,2Department of geriatric, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Merle
- Methodology and biostatistics Unit (DRCI), University Hospital Centre of Martinique, Fort de France, France
| | - Anna-Gaelle Valard-Guiguet
- The Caribbean reference center for rare neuromuscular and neurologic diseases (CeRCa), University Hospital Centre of Martinique, Fort de France, France
| | - Nathalie Ozier-Lafontaine
- Department of Functional Exploration and Non-Invasive Cardiology, University Hospital Centre of Martinique, Fort de France, France
| | - Remi Neviere
- Department of cardiology, University Hospital Centre of Martinique, Fort de France, France
| | - Claudia Leuly-Joncart
- Department of Geriatric and Gerontology, University Hospital Centre of Martinique, Fort de France, France
| | - Jean Luc Fanon
- Department of Geriatric and Gerontology, University Hospital Centre of Martinique, Fort de France, France
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24
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Serra MC, Accardi CJ, Ma C, Park Y, Tran V, Jones DP, Hafer-Macko CE, Ryan AS. Metabolomics of Aerobic Exercise in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Pilot Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:104453. [PMID: 31668688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the metabolic response to exercise may aid in optimizing stroke management. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate plasma metabolomic profiles in chronic stroke survivors following aerobic exercise training. METHODS Participants (age: 62 ± 1 years, body mass index: 31 ± 1 kg/m2, mean ± standard error of the mean) were randomized to 6 months of treadmill exercise (N = 17) or whole-body stretching (N = 8) with preintervention and postintervention measurement of aerobic capacity (VO2peak). Linear models for microarray data expression analysis was performed to determine metabolic changes over time, and Mummichog was used for pathway enrichment analysis following analysis of plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS VO2peak change was greater following exercise than stretching (18.9% versus -.2%; P < .01). Pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed metabolites results showed significant enrichment in 4 pathways following treadmill exercise, 3 of which (heparan-, chondroitin-, keratan-sulfate degradation) involved connective tissue metabolism and the fourth involve lipid signaling (linoleate metabolism). More pathways were altered in pre and post comparisons of stretching, including branched-chain amino acid, tryptophan, tyrosine, and urea cycle, which could indicate loss of lean body mass. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data show different metabolic changes due to treadmill training and stretching in chronic stroke survivors and suggest that in addition to improved aerobic capacity, weight-bearing activity, like walking, could protect against loss of lean body mass. Future studies are needed to examine the relationship between changes in metabolomic profiles to reductions in cardiometabolic risk after treadmill rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Serra
- San Antonio GRECC, South Texas VA and the Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Medicine and the Sam & Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
| | - Carolyn J Accardi
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chunyu Ma
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Younja Park
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong City, Korea
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Charlene E Hafer-Macko
- Baltimore VA Research Service and GRECC and the Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alice S Ryan
- Baltimore VA Research Service and GRECC and the Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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25
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Alul LAU, Gomez-Campos R, Almonacid-Fierro A, Morales-Mora L, Rojas-Mancilla E, Palomo I, Méndez-Cornejo J, Portella DL, Cossio-Bolaños M. AEROBIC CAPACITY OF CHILEAN ADULTS AND ELDERLY: PROPOSAL OF CLASSIFICATION BY REGIONAL PERCENTILES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220192505185893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Aerobic fitness is an important predictor that contributes to the preservation of functional independence during the aging process. Its measurement represents a fundamental tool in the identification of multiple health problems. Objective To compare the aerobic capacity of adults and elderly subjects through international studies and to develop percentiles by age group using the LMS method. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 1146 subjects (437 men and 709 women). The age group of the sample ranged from 50 to 84 years. The subjects evaluated came from the physical activity programs offered by the National Sports Institute (IND) and by the city council of Talca (Chile). Body mass, stature, oxygen saturation (SatO2), six-minute walk test, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were assessed. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated for both sexes. The LMS method was used to propose the percent distribution. Results Aerobic capacity decreases with age (28.5% for men and 29.9% for women). There was a negative relationship between age and the six-minute walk test (men r = -0.13 and women r = -0.39). There was a discrepancy between the elderly subjects in the current study and those from international studies. The normative data for the classification of aerobic fitness were expressed in percentiles (p3, p5, p10, p15, p25, p50, p75, p85, p90, p95 and p97). Conclusion The aerobic performance of elderly subjects diminishes as they age; in addition, the current results differ from international studies, which motivated the development of percentiles to classify aerobic fitness in everyday situations, especially in places with few resources and particularly where field tests are considered a priority for large-scale physical evaluation. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic studies – investigation of diagnostic test.
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26
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Dougherty RJ, Lindheimer JB, Stegner AJ, Van Riper S, Okonkwo OC, Cook DB. An Objective Method to Accurately Measure Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Adults Who Cannot Satisfy Widely Used Oxygen Consumption Criteria. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 61:601-611. [PMID: 29226867 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is routinely investigated in older adults; however, the most appropriate CRF measure to use for this population has received inadequate attention. This study aimed to 1) evaluate the reliability and validity of the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) as a sub-maximal measurement of CRF; 2) examine demographic, risk-factor, and exercise testing differences in older adults who satisfied standardized criteria for a peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) test compared to those who did not; and 3) determine the difference between directly measured V̇O2peak values and OUES-predicted V̇O2peak values. One hundred ten enrollees from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention participated in this study. Participants performed a graded maximal exercise test and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. For each participant, the OUES was calculated at 75%, 90%, and 100% of exercise duration. V̇O2peak was recorded at peak effort, and one week of physical activity behavior was measured. OUES values calculated at separate relative exercise durations displayed excellent reliability (ICC = 0.995; p < 0.001), and were strongly correlated with V̇O2peak (rrange = 0.801-0.909; p < 0.001). As hypothesized, participants who did not satisfy V̇O2peak criteria were significantly older than those who satisfied criteria (p = 0.049) and attained a directly measured V̇O2peak that was 2.31 mL·kg·min-1 less than the value that was predicted by OUES V̇O2peak (p = 0.003). Older adults are less likely to satisfy V̇O2peak criteria, which results in an underestimation of their CRF. Without adhering to standardized criteria, V̇O2peak measurement error may lead to misinterpretation of CRF and age-related associations. Here, we conclude that OUES is a reliable, valid measurement of CRF which does not require achievement of standardized criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Dougherty
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jacob B Lindheimer
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Healthcare System, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Aaron J Stegner
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stephanie Van Riper
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dane B Cook
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, WI, USA
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Roca F, Lang PO, Chassagne P. Chronic neurological disorders and related comorbidities: Role of age-associated physiological changes. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 167:105-122. [PMID: 31753128 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804766-8.00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge indicates that the physiological aging process starts with subclinical changes at the molecular and cellular level, which affect nearly all physiological systems. For example, the age-associated remodeling of the immune system (i.e., immunosenescence) and vascular aging per se can contribute to frailty and vulnerability among older adults. They are also described as being implicated in the pathophysiology of some major chronic comorbid conditions such as age-associated diseases of the central (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and related disorders) and peripheral (e.g., polyneuropathy) nervous systems. These neurologic disorders are also among the greatest contributors to geriatric syndromes, which refer to highly prevalent and chronic conditions among aged people of multifactorial origin, such as delirium, falls, incontinence, and frailty. Neurologic disorders can also occur in patients with one or more geriatric syndromes and thus further interfere with the quality of life, physical function, morbidity, and mortality. This chapter presents and discusses in three sections the complex interrelationships between the main determinants of aging with a specific focus on vascular aging, chronic neurologic disorders, and the specific clinical presentation of geriatric syndromes in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Roca
- Geriatric Internal Medicine Division, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Philippe Chassagne
- Geriatric Internal Medicine Division, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
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28
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Ciprandi D, Zago M, Bertozzi F, Sforza C, Galvani C. Influence of energy cost and physical fitness on the preferred walking speed and gait variability in elderly women. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2018; 43:1-6. [PMID: 30125726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Typically gait speed decreases and gait variability increases in elderly. The aim of this study was to define the influence of energy cost of walking on gait speed and of health-related physical fitness on gait variability. Thirty healthy young and older women were recruited in the study. Energy cost of walking (NetCW) was analyzed with indirect calorimetry while a kinematic analysis was performed with an optoelectronic system to calculate gait variability (GV) during treadmill walking at different speeds. Gait speed was defined as the preferred walking speed (PWS) of the subject and health related physical fitness (HRPF) comprised body fat, strength, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory fitness. In healthy elderly women, the coefficient of variation of step width was found to be a better indicator of GV than stride time, stride length and double support coefficients of variation. GV was not affected by age allowing a high PWS. Furthermore, significant associations, adjusted for age, body mass index and number of falls, were identified neither between NetCW and the PWS, nor between HRPF and GV; only a significant association was found between hand-grip strength and gait stability. Findings highlighted the importance to evaluate hand-grip strength as an indicator of gait efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ciprandi
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, I-20133 Milan, Italy; Exercise and Sport Science Degree Course, Faculties of Education and Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Vle Suzzani 279, I-20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Zago
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, I-20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Pzza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo Bertozzi
- Exercise and Sport Science Degree Course, Faculties of Education and Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Vle Suzzani 279, I-20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Christel Galvani
- Applied Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Vle Suzzani 279, I-20162 Milan, Italy.
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Bouaziz W, Kanagaratnam L, Vogel T, Schmitt E, Dramé M, Kaltenbach G, Geny B, Lang PO. Effect of Aerobic Training on Peak Oxygen Uptake Among Seniors Aged 70 or Older: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 21:341-349. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Bouaziz
- Geriatric Department, Medical School, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Physiology and EA-3072, Medical School, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Research Unit of the University of Rouen (EA-3832), UFR STAPS, CETAPS, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Lukshe Kanagaratnam
- Department of Research and Innovation, University Hospitals of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Thomas Vogel
- Geriatric Department, Medical School, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Physiology and EA-3072, Medical School, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Schmitt
- Geriatric Department, Medical School, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Physiology and EA-3072, Medical School, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Moustapha Dramé
- Department of Research and Innovation, University Hospitals of Reims, Reims, France
- EA-3797, Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Georges Kaltenbach
- Geriatric Department, Medical School, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- Department of Physiology and EA-3072, Medical School, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Functional Explorations Department, Medical School, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Olivier Lang
- Health and Wellbeing Academy, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Geriatric and Rehabilitation Geriatric Division, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Travensolo C, Goessler K, Poton R, Pinto RR, Polito MD. Measurement of physical performance by field tests in programs of cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Medida do desempenho físico por testes de campo em programas de reabilitação cardiovascular: revisão sistemática e meta‐análise. Rev Port Cardiol 2018; 37:525-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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32
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Ciprandi D, Bertozzi F, Zago M, Sforza C, Galvani C. Associations between objectively measured physical activity levels and physical fitness and health-related quality of life in elderly women. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Jones S, Tillin T, Williams S, Coady E, Chaturvedi N, Hughes AD. Assessment of Exercise Capacity and Oxygen Consumption Using a 6 min Stepper Test in Older Adults. Front Physiol 2017; 8:408. [PMID: 28659823 PMCID: PMC5469915 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is often necessary to assess physical function in older adults to monitor disease progression, rehabilitation or decline in function with age. However, increasing frailty and poor balance that accompany aging are common barriers to exercise testing protocols. We investigated whether a 6-min stepper test (6MST) was acceptable to older adults and provided a measure of exercise capacity and a predicted value for peak aerobic capacity (VO2max). 635 older adults from a tri-ethnic UK population-based cohort were screened to undertake a self-paced 6MST. Expired gas analysis, heart rate and blood pressure monitoring were carried out. A sub-set of 20 participants performed a second 6MST for assessment of reproducibility and a further sub-set of 10 performed the 6-min walk test as verification against a well-recognized and accepted self-paced exercise test. 518 (82%) participants met inclusion criteria and undertook the 6MST (299 men, mean age 71.2 ± 6.4). Step rate showed a strong positive correlation with measured VO2 (r = 0.75, p < 0.001) and VO2 was lower in women (male-female difference in VO2 = 2.61 (95% confidence interval -3.6, -1.7) ml/min/kg; p < 0.001). 20 participants repeated a 6MST, step rate was higher in the second test but the predicted VO2max showed good agreement (mean difference = 0.1 [3.72, 3.95] ml/min/kg). In 10 participants who completed a 6MST and a 6-min walk test there was a strong positive correlation between walking rate and step rate (r = 0.77; p < 0.009) and weaker positive correlations between the tests for measured VO2 and peak heart rate. In conclusion, the 6MST is a convenient, acceptable method of assessing exercise capacity in older adults that allows VO2max to be predicted reproducibly. The test shows good correlation between performance and measured physiological markers of performance and can detect the expected gender differences in measured VO2. Furthermore, the 6MST results correlate with a previously verified and established self-paced exercise test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siana Jones
- Cohort Phenotyping, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Therese Tillin
- Cohort Phenotyping, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Williams
- Cohort Phenotyping, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Coady
- Cohort Phenotyping, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- Cohort Phenotyping, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Alun D Hughes
- Cohort Phenotyping, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
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Kahn SR, Hirsch AM, Akaberi A, Hernandez P, Anderson DR, Wells PS, Rodger MA, Solymoss S, Kovacs MJ, Rudski L, Shimony A, Dennie C, Rush C, Geerts WH, Aaron SD, Granton JT. Functional and Exercise Limitations After a First Episode of Pulmonary Embolism. Chest 2017; 151:1058-1068. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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35
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Khazraee T, Fararouei M, Daneshmandi H, Mobasheri F, Zamanian Z. Maximal Oxygen Consumption, Respiratory Volume and Some Related Factors in Fire-fighting Personnel. Int J Prev Med 2017; 8:25. [PMID: 28479967 PMCID: PMC5404355 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_299_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Firefighters for difficult activities and rescue of damaged people must be in appropriate physical ability. Maximal oxygen capacity is an indicator for diagnosis of physical ability of workers. This study aimed to assess the cardiorespiratory system and its related factors in firefighters. Methods: This study was conducted on 110 firefighters from various stations. An self-administered questionnaire (respiratory disorders questionnaire, Tuxworth-Shahnavaz step test, and pulmonary function test) was used to collection of required data. Average of humidity and temperature was 52% and 17°C, respectively. Background average noise levels were between 55 and 65 dB. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19). Results: The mean age of the study participants was 32 ± 6.2 years. The means of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC were 92% ±9.4%, 87% ±9.2%, and 80% ±6.1%, respectively. The participants’ mean VO2-max was 2.79 ± 0.29 L/min or 37.34 ± 4.27 ml/kg body weight per minute. The results revealed that weight has a direct association with vital capacity (VC), FVC, and peak expiratory flow. In addition, height was directly associated with VC, FVC, and VO2-max (P < 0.05). However, there was an inverse and significant association between height and FEV1/FVC (r = −0.23, P < 0.05). Height, weight, body mass index, and waist circumference were directly associated with VO2-max. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the amount of maximum oxygen consumption is close with the proposed range of this parameter among firefighters in other studies. Furthermore, the results of the study revealed that individuals had normal amounts of lung volume index. This issue can be attributed to the appropriate usage of respiratory masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Khazraee
- Deputy of Occupational Health, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fararouei
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Daneshmandi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzane Mobasheri
- Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zamanian
- Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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36
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Manoel FDA, da Silva DF, Lima JRPD, Machado FA. Peak velocity and its time limit are as good as the velocity associated with VO 2max for training prescription in runners. Sports Med Int Open 2017; 1:E8-E15. [PMID: 30539080 PMCID: PMC6226061 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-119951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effects of 4 weeks of training prescribed by peak velocity (V
peak
) or velocity associated with maximum oxygen uptake (vVO
2max
) in moderately trained endurance runners. Study participants were 14 runners (18–35 years) randomized into 2 groups, named group VO
2
(GVO
2
) and group V
peak
(GVP). The GVO
2
had training prescribed by vVO
2max
and its time limit (t
lim
), whereas the GVP had training prescribed by V
peak
and its t
lim
. Four tests were performed on a treadmill: 2 maximum incremental for V
peak
and vVO
2max
and 2 for their t
lim
. Performance (10 km) was evaluated on a 400 m track. Evaluations were repeated after 4 weeks of endurance training. The results showed a significant effect of training on V
peak
[GVP (16.7±1.2
–
17.6±1.5 km
.
h
−1
), GVO
2
(17.1±1.9–17.7±1.6 km·h
−1
)]; vVO
2max
[GVP (16.4±1.4–17.0±1.3 km·h
−1
), GVO
2
(17.2±1.7–17.5±1.9 km·h
−1
)]; and 10 km performance [GVP (41.3±2.4–39.9±2.7 min), GVO
2
(40.1±3.4–39.2±2.9 min)]. The V
peak
highly correlated with performance in both pre- and post-training in GVP (–0.97;–0.86) and GVO
2
(–0.95;–0.94), as well as with vVO
2max
in GVP (–0.82;–0.88) and GVO
2
(–0.99; –0.98). It is concluded that training prescribed by V
peak
promoted similar improvements compared to training prescribed by vVO
2max
. The use of V
peak
is recommended due to its practical application and the low cost of determination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danilo F da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá-PR, Brazil
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Madrid B, Pires FO, Prestes J, César Leite Vieira D, Clark T, Tiozzo E, Lewis JE, Grubert Campbell CS, Gustavo Simões H. Estimation of the Maximal Lactate Steady State Intensity by the Rating of Perceived Exertion. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 122:136-49. [PMID: 27420312 DOI: 10.1177/0031512516631070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The maximal lactate steady state is the gold standard for evaluating aerobic capacity; however, it is time-consuming. The lactate minimum protocol is an easier alternative, but is not feasible and still expensive. This study investigated whether the rating of perceived exertion of 13 is an accurate predictor of lactate minimum and maximal lactate steady state intensities. Eleven physically active men performed three tests: (1) incremental exercise with workloads based on rating of perceived exertion of 10, 13, and 16 (experimental protocol - denominated RPE-13 test), (2) lactate minimum, and (3) maximal lactate steady state. No differences were observed among participants' workloads corresponding to rating of perceived exertion 13, lactate minimum, and maximal lactate steady state intensities. Thus, the workload associated with the rating of perceived exertion of 13 was equivalent to the other two protocols investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiano Madrid
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Taguatinga DF, Brazil; Paulista University (UNIP), Brasília DF, Brazil
| | - Flavio Oliveira Pires
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - Denis César Leite Vieira
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Taguatinga DF, Brazil; University Center (UDF), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Tyler Clark
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eduard Tiozzo
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - John E Lewis
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carmen S Grubert Campbell
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Taguatinga DF, Brazil
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38
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Pomeroy SH. Commentary by Pomeroy. West J Nurs Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0193945906289496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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VALENTI GIULIO, BONOMI ALBERTOGIOVANNI, WESTERTERP KLAASROELOF. Multicomponent Fitness Training Improves Walking Economy in Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:1365-70. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Hwang CL, Yoo JK, Kim HK, Hwang MH, Handberg EM, Petersen JW, Christou DD. Novel all-extremity high-intensity interval training improves aerobic fitness, cardiac function and insulin resistance in healthy older adults. Exp Gerontol 2016; 82:112-9. [PMID: 27346646 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with decreased aerobic fitness and cardiac remodeling leading to increased risk for cardiovascular disease. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the treadmill has been reported to be more effective in ameliorating these risk factors compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in patients with cardiometabolic disease. In older adults, however, weight-bearing activities are frequently limited due to musculoskeletal and balance problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and safety of non-weight-bearing all-extremity HIIT in older adults. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that all-extremity HIIT will be more effective in improving aerobic fitness, cardiac function, and metabolic risk factors compared with all-extremity MICT. Fifty-one healthy sedentary older adults (age: 65±1years) were randomized to HIIT (n=17), MICT (n=18) or non-exercise control (CONT; n=16). HIIT (4×4min 90% of peak heart rate; HRpeak) and isocaloric MICT (70% of HRpeak) were performed on a non-weight-bearing all-extremity ergometer, 4×/week for 8weeks under supervision. All-extremity HIIT was feasible in older adults and resulted in no adverse events. Aerobic fitness (peak oxygen consumption; VO2peak) and ejection fraction (echocardiography) improved by 11% (P<0.0001) and 4% (P=0.001), respectively in HIIT, while no changes were observed in MICT and CONT (P≥0.1). Greater improvements in ejection fraction were associated with greater improvements in VO2peak (r=0.57; P<0.0001). Insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment) decreased only in HIIT by 26% (P=0.016). Diastolic function, body composition, glucose and lipids were unaffected (P≥0.1). In conclusion, all-extremity HIIT is feasible and safe in older adults. HIIT, but not MICT, improved aerobic fitness, ejection fraction, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Lung Hwang
- Dept of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jeung-Ki Yoo
- Dept of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Han-Kyul Kim
- Dept of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Moon-Hyon Hwang
- Dept of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Division of Health and Exercise Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eileen M Handberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - John W Petersen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Demetra D Christou
- Dept of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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41
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Smith AE, Evans H, Parfitt G, Eston R, Ferrar K. Submaximal Exercise–Based Equations to Predict Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 97:1003-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Costa DC, de Santi GL, Crescêncio JC, Seabra LP, Carvalho EEV, Papa V, Marques F, Gallo L, Schmidt A. Use of the Wasserman equation in optimization of the duration of the power ramp in a cardiopulmonary exercise test: a study of Brazilian men. Braz J Med Biol Res 2015; 48:1136-44. [PMID: 26397972 PMCID: PMC4661031 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the agreement between measurements of unloaded oxygen uptake and peak oxygen uptake based on equations proposed by Wasserman and on real measurements directly obtained with the ergospirometry system. We performed an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), which was applied to two groups of sedentary male subjects: one apparently healthy group (HG, n=12) and the other had stable coronary artery disease (n=16). The mean age in the HG was 47±4 years and that in the coronary artery disease group (CG) was 57±8 years. Both groups performed CPET on a cycle ergometer with a ramp-type protocol at an intensity that was calculated according to the Wasserman equation. In the HG, there was no significant difference between measurements predicted by the formula and real measurements obtained in CPET in the unloaded condition. However, at peak effort, a significant difference was observed between oxygen uptake (V˙O2)peak(predicted)and V˙O2peak(real)(nonparametric Wilcoxon test). In the CG, there was a significant difference of 116.26 mL/min between the predicted values by the formula and the real values obtained in the unloaded condition. A significant difference in peak effort was found, where V˙O2peak(real)was 40% lower than V˙O2peak(predicted)(nonparametric Wilcoxon test). There was no agreement between the real and predicted measurements as analyzed by Lin's coefficient or the Bland and Altman model. The Wasserman formula does not appear to be appropriate for prediction of functional capacity of volunteers. Therefore, this formula cannot precisely predict the increase in power in incremental CPET on a cycle ergometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. C. Costa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de
Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,
Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - G. L. de Santi
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de
Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,
Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - J. C. Crescêncio
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de
Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,
Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - L. P. Seabra
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de
Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,
Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - E. E. V. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de
Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,
Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - V. Papa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de
Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,
Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - F. Marques
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de
Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,
Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - L. Gallo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de
Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,
Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A. Schmidt
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de
Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,
Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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43
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Thomson AC, Ramos JS, Fassett RG, Coombes JS, Dalleck LC. Optimal criteria and sampling interval to detect a V̇O2 plateau at V̇O2max in patients with metabolic syndrome. Res Sports Med 2015; 23:337-50. [PMID: 26264866 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2015.1076411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to determine the optimal criteria and sampling interval to detect a V̇O2 plateau at V̇O2max in patients with metabolic syndrome. Twenty-three participants with criteria-defined metabolic syndrome underwent a maximal graded exercise test. Four different sampling intervals and three different V̇O2 plateau criteria were analysed to determine the effect of each parameter on the incidence of V̇O2 plateau at V̇O2max. Seventeen tests were classified as maximal based on attainment of at least two out of three criteria. There was a significant (p < 0.05) effect of 15-breath (b) sampling interval on the incidence of V̇O2 plateau at V̇O2max across the ≤ 50 and ≤ 80 mL ∙ min(-1) conditions. Strength of association was established by the Cramer's V statistic (φc); (≤ 50 mL ∙ min(-1) [φc = 0.592, p < 0.05], ≤ 80 mL ∙ min(-1) [φc = 0.383, p < 0.05], ≤ 150 mL ∙ min(-1) [φc = 0.246, p > 0.05]). When conducting maximal stress tests on patients with metabolic syndrome, a 15-b sampling interval and ≤ 50 mL ∙ min(-1) criteria should be implemented to increase the likelihood of detecting V̇O2 plateau at V̇O2max.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara C Thomson
- a School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Joyce S Ramos
- a School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Robert G Fassett
- a School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- a School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Lance C Dalleck
- b Recreation, Exercise, and Sport Science Department , Western State Colorado University , Gunnison , CO , USA
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44
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Lange-Maia BS, Strotmeyer ES, Harris TB, Glynn NW, Simonsick EM, Brach JS, Cauley JA, Richey PA, Schwartz AV, Newman AB. Physical Activity and Change in Long Distance Corridor Walk Performance in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63:1348-54. [PMID: 26096803 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the prospective relationship between self-reported physical activity and aerobic fitness in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study (Health ABC) using the Long Distance Corridor Walk (LDCW). DESIGN Cohort study with 7 years of follow-up. SETTING Two U.S. clinical sites. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older adults enrolled in Health ABC (N = 3,075, aged 70-79, 52% female, 42% black) with no self-reported difficulty walking one-quarter of a mile or climbing 10 steps. MEASUREMENTS Participants were classified based on a physical activity questionnaire as being inactive (≤1,000 kcal/wk exercise activity, ≤2,719 kcal/wk total physical activity), lifestyle active (≤1,000 kcal/wk exercise activity, >2,719 kcal/wk total physical activity), or exercisers (≥1,000 kcal/wk exercise activity). The LDCW, an endurance walking test (400 m), was administered at Years 1 (baseline), 2, 4, 6, and 8 to assess aerobic fitness. RESULTS At baseline, LDCW completion times (adjusted for age and sex) were 351.8 seconds (95% confidence interval (CI) = 346.9-356.8 seconds) for the inactive group, 335.9 seconds (95% CI = 332.7-339.1 seconds) for the lifestyle active group, and 307.7 seconds (95% CI = 303.2-312.3 seconds) for the exerciser group (P < .001). From baseline to Year 8, the inactive group slowed 36.1 seconds (95% CI = 28.4-43.8 seconds), the lifestyle active group slowed 38.1 seconds (95% CI = 33.6-42.4 seconds), and the exerciser group slowed 40.8 seconds (95% CI = 35.2-46.5 seconds), and did not differ significantly between groups. In linear mixed-effects models, the rate of change in LDCW time did not differ between the groups, although exercisers consistently had the fastest completion times (P < .001 for all pairwise comparisons). CONCLUSION Decline in LDCW time occurred regardless of baseline activity, although exercisers maintained higher aerobic fitness, which may delay reaching a critically low threshold of aerobic fitness at which independence is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney S Lange-Maia
- Center for Aging and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elsa S Strotmeyer
- Center for Aging and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Center for Aging and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer S Brach
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Center for Aging and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Phyllis A Richey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ann V Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anne B Newman
- Center for Aging and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | |
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Fleckenstein J, Matura S, Engeroff T, Füzéki E, Tesky VA, Pilatus U, Hattingen E, Deichmann R, Vogt L, Banzer W, Pantel J. SMART: physical activity and cerebral metabolism in older people: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:155. [PMID: 25872789 PMCID: PMC4403840 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity exerts a variety of long-term health benefits in older adults. In particular, it is assumed to be a protective factor against cognitive decline and dementia. Methods/design Randomised controlled assessor blinded 2-armed trial (n = 60) to explore the exercise- induced neuroprotective and metabolic effects on the brain in cognitively healthy older adults. Participants (age ≥ 65), recruited within the setting of assisted living facilities and newspaper advertisements are allocated to a 12-week individualised aerobic exercise programme intervention or a 12-week waiting control group. Total follow-up is 24 weeks. The main outcome is the change in cerebral metabolism as assessed with Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging reflecting changes of cerebral N-acetyl-aspartate and of markers of neuronal energy reserve. Imaging also measures changes in cortical grey matter volume. Secondary outcomes include a broad range of psychometric (cognition) and movement-related parameters such as nutrition, history of physical activity, history of pain and functional diagnostics. Participants are allocated to either the intervention or control group using a computer-generated randomisation sequence. The exercise physiologist in charge of training opens sealed and opaque envelopes and informs participants about group allocation. For organisational reasons, he schedules the participants for upcoming assessments and exercise in groups of five. All assessors and study personal other than exercise physiologists are blinded. Discussion Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging gives a deeper insight into mechanisms of exercise-induced changes in brain metabolism. As follow-up lasts for 6 months, this study is able to explore the mid-term cerebral metabolic effects of physical activity assuming that an individually tailored aerobic ergometer training has the potential to counteract brain ageing. Trial registration NCT02343029 (clinicaltrials.gov; 12 January 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fleckenstein
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Ginnheimer Landstrasse 39, Frankfurt am Main, 60487, Germany.
| | - Silke Matura
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Tobias Engeroff
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Ginnheimer Landstrasse 39, Frankfurt am Main, 60487, Germany.
| | - Eszter Füzéki
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Ginnheimer Landstrasse 39, Frankfurt am Main, 60487, Germany.
| | - Valentina A Tesky
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Pilatus
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Ginnheimer Landstrasse 39, Frankfurt am Main, 60487, Germany.
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Ginnheimer Landstrasse 39, Frankfurt am Main, 60487, Germany.
| | - Johannes Pantel
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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de Araújo AL, Silva LCR, Fernandes JR, Benard G. Preventing or reversing immunosenescence: can exercise be an immunotherapy? Immunotherapy 2014; 5:879-93. [PMID: 23902557 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now a strong body of evidence demonstrating that aging is accompanied by severe alterations in the immune system, a process known as immunosenescence. Among these changes are alterations in T-cell subpopulation size, cytokine secretion pattern, cell replicative capacity and antibody production, all of which culminate in a proinflammatory state called 'inflammaging' and a diminished capacity to respond to new antigens. These alterations are closely related to the increased mortality and morbidity rates observed in this population. However, the role of exercise on the prevention or treatment of immunosenescence is virtually unknown. Data gathered from the literature regarding the effects of physical activity on immune system aging are still limited and conflicting, with existing reports either advocating benefits or asserting a lack of evidence. Exercise as part of a healthy lifestyle has already been shown to provide long-term benefits with regard to cardiovascular, cognitive, psychosocial and other aspects of the elderly. If positive effects are also observed for immunosenescence, exercise could be a highly cost-effective measure to improve human quality of life compared with other strategies currently being pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana L de Araújo
- Laboratory of Dermatology & Immunodeficiencies, Dermatology Division, Clinics Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oxygen Consumption at 30 W of Exercise Is Surrogate for Peak Oxygen Consumption in Evaluation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Young-Adult African-American Females. ISRN PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 2013:756276. [PMID: 24490144 PMCID: PMC3908958 DOI: 10.1155/2013/756276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) is negatively correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness, measured by maximal or peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). VO2peak measurements require heavy aerobic exercise to near exhaustion which increases the potential for adverse cardiovascular events. This study tests the hypothesis that VO2 measured at a fixed submaximal workload of 30 W is a surrogate for VO2peak. We studied 42 normotensive African-American female university students, 18–25 years of age. We measured VO2peak, blood pressure, and VO2 at a 30 W exercise workload and computed BMI. We found significant negative correlations between BMI and VO2peak (r = −0.41, P < 0.01) and between BMI and VO2 at 30 W (r = −0.53, P < 0.001). Compared to VO2peak, VO2 at 30 W increased the significance of the negative correlation with BMI. The heart rate-systolic pressure product at 30 W was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.36, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with VO2peak (r = −0.38, P < 0.001). The positive correlation between BMI and the heart rate-systolic pressure product and the greater negative correlation between VO2 and BMI at 30 W of exercise than that at exercise to fatigue suggest that normalized measurements of VO2 at the fixed exercise workload of 30 W could be useful surrogates for measurements of VO2peak.
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Froehle AW, Hopkins SR, Natarajan L, Schoeninger MJ. Moderate to high levels of exercise are associated with higher resting energy expenditure in community-dwelling postmenopausal women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:1147-53. [PMID: 24053522 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women experience an age-related decline in resting energy expenditure (REE), which is a risk factor for energy imbalance and metabolic disease. Exercise, because of its association with greater lean tissue mass and other factors, has the potential to mediate REE decline, but the relation between exercise and REE in postmenopausal women is not well characterized. This study tests the hypothesis that exercise energy expenditure (EEE) is positively associated with REE and can counter the effects of age and menopause. It involves a cross-sectional sample of 31 healthy postmenopausal women (aged 49-72 years) with habitual exercise volumes at or above levels consistent with current clinical recommendations. Subjects kept exercise diaries for 4 weeks that quantified exercise activity and were measured for body composition, maximal oxygen uptake, and REE. Multiple regression analysis was used to test for associations between EEE, age, body composition, and REE. There was a significant positive relation between EEE and lean tissue mass (fat-free mass and fat-free mass index). The relation between REE and EEE remained significant even after controlling for lean tissue mass. These results support the hypothesis that exercise is positively associated with REE and can counter the negative effects of age and menopause. They also indicate a continuous relation between exercise and REE across ranges of exercise, from moderate to high. Exercise at levels that are at or above current clinical guidelines might, in part, ameliorate the risk for energy imbalance and metabolic disease because of its positive relation with REE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Froehle
- a Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0532, USA
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Fletcher GF, Ades PA, Kligfield P, Arena R, Balady GJ, Bittner VA, Coke LA, Fleg JL, Forman DE, Gerber TC, Gulati M, Madan K, Rhodes J, Thompson PD, Williams MA. Exercise standards for testing and training: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013; 128:873-934. [PMID: 23877260 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e31829b5b44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1205] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Heaney JLJ, Carroll D, Phillips AC. DHEA, DHEA-S and cortisol responses to acute exercise in older adults in relation to exercise training status and sex. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:395-405. [PMID: 22105939 PMCID: PMC3592957 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate resting measures of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) and cortisol, and the response and recovery of these hormones to acute exercise, in male and female older adults of different exercise training status. Participants were 49 community-dwelling older adults (23 females) aged between 60 and 77 years who were either sedentary (n=14), moderately active (n=14) or endurance trained (n=21). Participants undertook an acute bout of exercise in the form of an incremental submaximal treadmill test. The exercise lasted on average 23 min 49 s (SD=2 min 8 s) and participants reached 76.5% (SD=5.44) of the predicted maximal heart rate. Blood samples were collected prior to exercise, immediately, and 1 h post-exercise. DHEA levels significantly increased immediately post-exercise; however, DHEA-S levels only significantly increased in females. Cortisol significantly decreased immediately post-exercise and 1 h post-exercise compared to pre-exercise. There were no significant differences in resting hormone levels or hormonal responses to exercise between training status groups. The findings suggest that exercise can stimulate DHEA production in older adults and that hormonal responses to exercise differ between male and female older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L J Heaney
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, England, UK, B15 2TT.
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