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Dietary Restriction and Rapamycin Affect Brain Aging in Mice by Attenuating Age-Related DNA Methylation Changes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040699. [PMID: 35456505 PMCID: PMC9030181 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fact that dietary restriction (DR) and long-term rapamycin treatment (RALL) can ameliorate the aging process has been reported by many researchers. As the interface between external and genetic factors, epigenetic modification such as DNA methylation may have latent effects on the aging rate at the molecular level. To understand the mechanism behind the impacts of dietary restriction and rapamycin on aging, DNA methylation and gene expression changes were measured in the hippocampi of different-aged mice. Examining the single-base resolution of DNA methylation, we discovered that both dietary restriction and rapamycin treatment can maintain DNA methylation in a younger state compared to normal-aged mice. Through functional enrichment analysis of genes in which DNA methylation or gene expression can be affected by DR/RALL, we found that DR/RALL may retard aging through a relationship in which DNA methylation and gene expression work together not only in the same gene but also in the same biological process. This study is instructive for understanding the maintenance of DNA methylation by DR/RALL in the aging process, as well as the role of DR and RALL in the amelioration of aging.
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Molecular mechanisms of dietary restriction promoting health and longevity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:56-73. [PMID: 34518687 PMCID: PMC8692439 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction with adequate nutrition is the gold standard for delaying ageing and extending healthspan and lifespan in diverse species, including rodents and non-human primates. In this Review, we discuss the effects of dietary restriction in these mammalian model organisms and discuss accumulating data that suggest that dietary restriction results in many of the same physiological, metabolic and molecular changes responsible for the prevention of multiple ageing-associated diseases in humans. We further discuss how different forms of fasting, protein restriction and specific reductions in the levels of essential amino acids such as methionine and the branched-chain amino acids selectively impact the activity of AKT, FOXO, mTOR, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which are key components of some of the most important nutrient-sensing geroprotective signalling pathways that promote healthy longevity.
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LAN S, MENG Y, Wang M, YANG J, LI G, MOU R, ZHANG Y, LI X, CHEN F, BI R, ZHAO Y. Purple wheat alleviates dyslipidaemia in rat model. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suque LAN
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Yaning MENG
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Mian Wang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, P. R. China
| | - Jian YANG
- Shijiazhuang Agricultural and Rural Bureau, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei LI
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Rongfei MOU
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, P. R. China
| | - Yelun ZHANG
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Xingpu LI
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Feng CHEN
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, P. R. China
| | - Ranran BI
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan ZHAO
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, P. R. China
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4
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Welles JE, Lacko H, Kawasawa YI, Dennis MD, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. An integrative approach to assessing effects of a short-term Western diet on gene expression in rat liver. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032293. [PMID: 36387860 PMCID: PMC9643360 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a diet rich in saturated fatty acids and carbohydrates contributes to the accumulation of fat in the liver and development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Herein we investigated the hypothesis that short-term consumption of a high fat/sucrose Western diet (WD) alters the genomic and translatomic profile of the liver in association with changes in signaling through the protein kinase mTORC1, and that such alterations contribute to development of NAFLD. The results identify a plethora of mRNAs that exhibit altered expression and/or translation in the liver of rats consuming a WD compared to a CD. In particular, consumption of a WD altered the abundance and ribosome association of mRNAs involved in lipid and fatty acid metabolism, as well as those involved in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. Hepatic mTORC1 signaling was enhanced when rats were fasted overnight and then refed in the morning; however, this effect was blunted in rats fed a WD as compared to a CD. Despite similar plasma insulin concentrations, fatty acid content was elevated in the liver of rats fed a WD as compared to a CD. We found that feeding had a significant positive effect on ribosome occupancy of 49 mRNAs associated with hepatic steatosis (e.g., LIPE, LPL), but this effect was blunted in the liver of rats fed a WD. In many cases, changes in ribosome association were independent of alterations in mRNA abundance, suggesting a critical role for diet-induced changes in mRNA translation in the expression of proteins encoded by those mRNAs. Overall, the findings demonstrate that short-term consumption of a WD impacts hepatic gene expression by altering the abundance of many mRNAs, but also causes wide-spread variation in mRNA translation that potentially contribute to development of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn E. Welles
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Holly Lacko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Michael D. Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Leonard S. Jefferson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Scot R. Kimball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Scot R. Kimball,
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5
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Effects of metformin, rapamycin, and resveratrol on cellular metabolism of canine primary fibroblast cells isolated from large and small breeds as they age. GeroScience 2021; 43:1669-1682. [PMID: 33733399 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small breed dogs have longer lifespans than their large breed counterparts. Previous work demonstrated that primary fibroblast cells isolated from large breed young and old dogs have a persistent glycolytic metabolic profile compared with cells from small breed dogs. Here, we cultured primary fibroblast cells from small and large, young and old dogs and treated these cells with three commercially available drugs that show lifespan and health span benefits, and have been shown to reduce glycolytic rates: rapamycin (rapa), resveratrol (res) and metformin (met). We then measured aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration in these cells. We found that rapa and res increased rates of non-glycolytic acidification in small and large breed puppies and basal oxygen consumption rates (OCR) in small and large breed puppies. Rapa increased proton leak and non-mitochondrial respiration in small and large breed puppies. Maximal respiration was significantly altered with rapa treatment but in opposing ways: large breed puppies showed a significant increase in maximal respiration when treated with rapa, and small old dogs demonstrated a significant decrease in maximal respiration when treated with rapa. In opposition to rapa treatments, met significantly decreased basal OCR levels in cells from small and large breed puppies. Our data suggest that rapa treatments may be metabolically beneficial to dogs when started early in life and more beneficial in larger breeds.
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Abstract
Cells metabolize nutrients for biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs to fuel growth and proliferation. The uptake of nutrients from the environment and their intracellular metabolism is a highly controlled process that involves cross talk between growth signaling and metabolic pathways. Despite constant fluctuations in nutrient availability and environmental signals, normal cells restore metabolic homeostasis to maintain cellular functions and prevent disease. A central signaling molecule that integrates growth with metabolism is the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR is a protein kinase that responds to levels of nutrients and growth signals. mTOR forms two protein complexes, mTORC1, which is sensitive to rapamycin, and mTORC2, which is not directly inhibited by this drug. Rapamycin has facilitated the discovery of the various functions of mTORC1 in metabolism. Genetic models that disrupt either mTORC1 or mTORC2 have expanded our knowledge of their cellular, tissue, as well as systemic functions in metabolism. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the regulation and functions of mTORC2, particularly in metabolism, has lagged behind. Since mTOR is an important target for cancer, aging, and other metabolism-related pathologies, understanding the distinct and overlapping regulation and functions of the two mTOR complexes is vital for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. This review discusses the key discoveries and recent findings on the regulation and metabolic functions of the mTOR complexes. We highlight findings from cancer models but also discuss other examples of the mTOR-mediated metabolic reprogramming occurring in stem and immune cells, type 2 diabetes/obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelia Szwed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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7
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TOR Signaling Pathway in Cardiac Aging and Heart Failure. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020168. [PMID: 33513917 PMCID: PMC7911348 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a key regulator of cellular metabolism, integrating nutrient sensing with cell growth. Over the past two decades, studies on the mTOR pathway have revealed that mTOR complex 1 controls life span, health span, and aging by modulating key cellular processes such as protein synthesis, autophagy, and mitochondrial function, mainly through its downstream substrates. Thus, the mTOR pathway regulates both physiological and pathological processes in the heart from embryonic cardiovascular development to maintenance of cardiac homeostasis in postnatal life. In this regard, the dysregulation of mTOR signaling has been linked to many age-related pathologies, including heart failure and age-related cardiac dysfunction. In this review, we highlight recent advances of the impact of mTOR complex 1 pathway and its regulators on aging and, more specifically, cardiac aging and heart failure.
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Celebi-Birand D, Ardic NI, Karoglu-Eravsar ET, Sengul GF, Kafaligonul H, Adams MM. Dietary and Pharmacological Interventions That Inhibit Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Activity Alter the Brain Expression Levels of Neurogenic and Glial Markers in an Age-and Treatment-Dependent Manner. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 23:485-497. [PMID: 32279604 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2019.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) and its mimetic, rapamycin extend lifespan and healthspan through mechanisms that are not fully understood. We investigated different short-term durations of IF and rapamycin on cellular and molecular changes in the brains of young (6-10 months) and old (26-31 months) zebrafish. Interestingly, our results showed that IF significantly lowered glucose levels while increasing DCAMKL1 in both young and old animals. This proliferative effect of IF was supported by the upregulation of foxm1 transcript in old animals. Rapamycin did not change glucose levels in young and old animals but had differential effects depending on age. In young zebrafish, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio was decreased, whereas glial fibrillary acidic protein and gephyrin were decreased in old animals. The changes in proliferative markers and a marker of autophagic flux suggest an age-dependent interplay between autophagy and cell proliferation. Additionally, changes in glia and inhibitory tone suggest a suppressive effect on neuroinflammation but may push the brain toward a more excitable state. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity in the brain following the IF and rapamycin treatment was differentially regulated by age. Interestingly, rapamycin inhibited mTOR more potently in young animals than IF. Principal component analysis supported our conclusion that the regulatory effects of IF and rapamycin were age-specific, since we observed different patterns in the expression levels and clustering of young and old animals. Taken together, our results suggest that even a short-term duration of IF and rapamycin have significant effects in the brain at young and old ages, and that these are age and treatment dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Celebi-Birand
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Narin Ilgim Ardic
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Goksemin Fatma Sengul
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey.,National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Unnikrishnan A, Kurup K, Salmon AB, Richardson A. Is Rapamycin a Dietary Restriction Mimetic? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:4-13. [PMID: 30854544 PMCID: PMC6909904 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the initial suggestion that rapamycin, an inhibitor of target of rapamycin (TOR) nutrient signaling, increased lifespan comparable to dietary restriction, investigators have viewed rapamycin as a potential dietary restriction mimetic. Both dietary restriction and rapamycin increase lifespan across a wide range of evolutionarily diverse species (including yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, and mice) as well as reducing pathology and improving physiological functions that decline with age in mice. The purpose of this article is to review the research comparing the effect of dietary restriction and rapamycin in mice. The current data show that dietary restriction and rapamycin have different effects on many pathways and molecular processes. In addition, these interventions affect the lifespan of many genetically manipulated mouse models differently. In other words, while dietary restriction and rapamycin may have similar effects on some pathways and processes; overall, they affect many pathways/processes quite differently. Therefore, rapamycin is likely not a true dietary restriction mimetic. Rather dietary restriction and rapamycin appear to be increasing lifespan and retarding aging largely through different mechanisms/pathways, suggesting that a combination of dietary restriction and rapamycin will have a greater effect on lifespan than either manipulation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Unnikrishnan
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Kavitha Kurup
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Sam and Ann Barhop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,Geratric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City,Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma,Address correspondence to: Arlan Richardson, PhD, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1372, Oklahoma City, OK 73104. E-mail:
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10
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Zheng Q, Huang J, Wang G. Mitochondria, Telomeres and Telomerase Subunits. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:274. [PMID: 31781563 PMCID: PMC6851022 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial functions and telomere functions have mostly been studied independently. In recent years, it, however, has become clear that there are intimate links between mitochondria, telomeres, and telomerase subunits. Mitochondrial dysfunctions cause telomere attrition, while telomere damage leads to reprogramming of mitochondrial biosynthesis and mitochondrial dysfunctions, which has important implications in aging and diseases. In addition, evidence has accumulated that telomere-independent functions of telomerase also exist and that the protein component of telomerase TERT shuttles between the nucleus and mitochondria under oxidative stress. Our previously published data show that the RNA component of telomerase TERC is also imported into mitochondria, processed, and exported back to the cytosol. These data show a complex regulation network where telomeres, nuclear genome, and mitochondria are co-regulated by multi-localization and multi-function proteins and RNAs. This review summarizes the connections between mitochondria and telomeres, the mitochondrion-related functions of telomerase subunits, and how they play a role in crosstalk between mitochondria and the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinliang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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11
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Blagosklonny MV. Rapamycin for longevity: opinion article. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8048-8067. [PMID: 31586989 PMCID: PMC6814615 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
From the dawn of civilization, humanity has dreamed of immortality. So why didn't the discovery of the anti-aging properties of mTOR inhibitors change the world forever? I will discuss several reasons, including fear of the actual and fictional side effects of rapamycin, everolimus and other clinically-approved drugs, arguing that no real side effects preclude their use as anti-aging drugs today. Furthermore, the alternative to the reversible (and avoidable) side effects of rapamycin/everolimus are the irreversible (and inevitable) effects of aging: cancer, stroke, infarction, blindness and premature death. I will also discuss why it is more dangerous not to use anti-aging drugs than to use them and how rapamycin-based drug combinations have already been implemented for potential life extension in humans. If you read this article from the very beginning to its end, you may realize that the time is now.
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12
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Papadopoli D, Boulay K, Kazak L, Pollak M, Mallette FA, Topisirovic I, Hulea L. mTOR as a central regulator of lifespan and aging. F1000Res 2019; 8:F1000 Faculty Rev-998. [PMID: 31316753 PMCID: PMC6611156 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17196.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key component of cellular metabolism that integrates nutrient sensing with cellular processes that fuel cell growth and proliferation. Although the involvement of the mTOR pathway in regulating life span and aging has been studied extensively in the last decade, the underpinning mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we highlight the emerging insights that link mTOR to various processes related to aging, such as nutrient sensing, maintenance of proteostasis, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and decline in stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Papadopoli
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Suite 720, Montréal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, SMBD JGH, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Karine Boulay
- Lady Davis Institute, SMBD JGH, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, 5415 Assumption Blvd, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Michael Pollak
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Suite 720, Montréal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, SMBD JGH, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Frédérick A. Mallette
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, 5415 Assumption Blvd, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Suite 720, Montréal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, SMBD JGH, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Laura Hulea
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, 5415 Assumption Blvd, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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Lu DL, Ma Q, Wang J, Li LY, Han SL, Limbu SM, Li DL, Chen LQ, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Fasting enhances cold resistance in fish through stimulating lipid catabolism and autophagy. J Physiol 2019; 597:1585-1603. [PMID: 30615194 DOI: 10.1113/jp277091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS In a cold environment, mammals increase their food intake while fish decrease or stop feeding. However, the physiological value of fasting during cold resistance in fish is currently unknown. Fasting for more than 48 h enhanced acute cold resistance in zebrafish, which correlated with lipid catabolism and cell damage attenuation. Lipid catabolism and autophagy were necessary for cold resistance in fish and the inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation or autophagy weakened the fasting-induced cold resistance. Repression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway by rapamycin largely mimicked the beneficial effects of fasting in promoting cold resistance, suggesting mTOR signalling may be involved in the fasting-induced cold resistance in fish. Our study demonstrates that fasting may be a protective strategy for fish to survive under cold stress. ABSTRACT In cold environments, most homeothermic animals increase their food intake to supply more energy to maintain body temperature, whereas most poikilothermic animals such as fishes decrease or even stop feeding under cold stress. However, the physiological value of fasting during cold resistance in poikilotherms has not been explained. Here, we show that moderate fasting largely enhanced cold resistance in fish. By using pharmacological (fenofibrate, mildronate, chloroquine and rapamycin) and nutritional approaches (fatty acids diets and amino acids diets) in wild-type or specific gene knock-out zebrafish models (carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b-deficient strain, CPT1b-/- , or autophagy-related protein 12-deficient strain, ATG12-/- ), we verified that fasting-stimulated lipid catabolism and autophagy played essential roles in the improved cold resistance. Moreover, suppression of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by using rapamycin mostly mimicked the beneficial effects of fasting in promoting cold resistance as either the physiological phenotype or transcriptomic pattern. However, these beneficial effects were largely reduced when the mTOR pathway was activated through high dietary leucine supplementation. We conclude that fasting helps fish to resist cold stress by modulating lipid catabolism and autophagy, which correlates with the mTOR signalling pathway. Therefore, fasting can act as a protective strategy of fish in resisting coldness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Liang Lu
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Yu Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Si-Lan Han
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Samwel Mchele Limbu
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Dong-Liang Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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14
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Schubert D, Currais A, Goldberg J, Finley K, Petrascheck M, Maher P. Geroneuroprotectors: Effective Geroprotectors for the Brain. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:1004-1007. [PMID: 30446211 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Geroprotectors are compounds that slow the rate of biological aging and therefore may reduce the incidence of age-associated diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, few have therapeutic efficacy in mammalian AD models. Here we describe the identification of geroneuroprotectors (GNPs), novel AD drug candidates that meet the criteria for geroprotectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schubert
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory CNB-S, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Antonio Currais
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory CNB-S, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Joshua Goldberg
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory CNB-S, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Kim Finley
- BioScience Center (BSC), San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92105, USA
| | - Michael Petrascheck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037-1000, USA
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory CNB-S, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA.
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15
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Qiao X, Li Y, Mai J, Ji X, Li Q. Effect of Dibutyltin Dilaurate on Triglyceride Metabolism through the Inhibition of the mTOR Pathway in Human HL7702 Liver Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:E1654. [PMID: 29986449 PMCID: PMC6099942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTD) has multiple applications in daily life. However, DBTD is easily deposited in the liver and affects liver functions. This study was designed to explore the effects of DBTD on triglyceride metabolism in human normal hepatocyte HL7702 cells. Our results showed that the intracellular fat contents were dose-dependently decreased by DBTD. The expression of lipolysis genes and proteins were elevated while the lipogenesis genes and proteins were diminished by DBTD. The phosphorylation levels of ribosomal S6 kinase 1 were reduced by both rapamycin and DBTD, indicating that the mTOR pathway was suppressed possibly. The decreased sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1C (SREBP1C) transcription levels, as well as the increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) transcription levels, caused by rapamycin and DBTD corresponded to the inactive mTOR pathway. In conclusion, it was possible that DBTD reduced the intracellular triglyceride through depressing the mTOR pathway and affecting its downstream transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Qiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Yunlan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China.
| | - Jiaqi Mai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Qingshan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China.
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16
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mTOR Inhibitor Therapy and Metabolic Consequences: Where Do We Stand? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2640342. [PMID: 30034573 PMCID: PMC6035806 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2640342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) protein kinase acts as a central integrator of nutrient signaling pathways. Besides the immunosuppressive role after solid organ transplantations or in the treatment of some cancers, another promising role of mTOR inhibitor as an antiaging therapeutic has emerged in the recent years. Acute or intermittent rapamycin treatment has some resemblance to calorie restriction in metabolic effects such as an increased insulin sensitivity. However, the chronic inhibition of mTOR by macrolide rapamycin or other rapalogs has been associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance and may even provoke type II diabetes. These metabolic adverse effects limit the use of mTOR inhibitors. Metformin is a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acting as calorie restriction mimetic. In addition to the glucose-lowering effect resulting from the decreased hepatic glucose production and increased glucose utilization, metformin induces fatty acid oxidations. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of the metabolic consequences regarding glucose metabolism induced by mTOR inhibitors and compare them to the metabolic profile provoked by metformin use. We further suggest metformin use concurrent with rapalogs in order to pharmacologically address the impaired glucose metabolism and prevent the development of new-onset diabetes mellitus after solid organ transplantations induced by the chronic rapalog treatment.
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17
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Abstract
Inhibitors of mTOR, including clinically available rapalogs such as rapamycin (Sirolimus) and Everolimus, are gerosuppressants, which suppress cellular senescence. Rapamycin slows aging and extends life span in a variety of species from worm to mammals. Rapalogs can prevent age-related diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, obesity, neurodegeneration and retinopathy and potentially rejuvenate stem cells, immunity and metabolism. Here, I further suggest how rapamycin can be combined with metformin, inhibitors of angiotensin II signaling (Losartan, Lisinopril), statins (simvastatin, atorvastatin), propranolol, aspirin and a PDE5 inhibitor. Rational combinations of these drugs with physical exercise and an anti-aging diet (Koschei formula) can maximize their anti-aging effects and decrease side effects.
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18
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Choi KM, Hong SJ, van Deursen JM, Kim S, Kim KH, Lee CK. Caloric Restriction and Rapamycin Differentially Alter Energy Metabolism in Yeast. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 73:29-38. [PMID: 28329151 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin (RM), a drug that inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and responds to nutrient availability, seemingly mimics the effects of caloric restriction (CR) on healthy life span. However, the extent of the mechanistic overlap between RM and CR remains incompletely understood. Here, we compared the impact of CR and RM on cellular metabolic status. Both regimens maintained intracellular ATP through the chronological aging process and showed enhanced mitochondrial capacity. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that CR had a stronger impact on global gene expression than RM. We observed a like impact on the metabolome and identified distinct metabolites affected by CR and RM. CR severely reduced the level of energy storage molecules including glycogen and lipid droplets, whereas RM did not. RM boosted the production of enzymes responsible for the breakdown of glycogen and lipid droplets. Collectively, these results provide insights into the distinct energy metabolism mechanisms induced by CR and RM, suggesting that these two anti-aging regimens might extend life span through distinctive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mi Choi
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Hong
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sooah Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Koo Lee
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Luna-Illades C, Morales T, Miranda-Anaya M. Decreased food anticipatory activity of obese mice relates to hypothalamic c-Fos expression. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:9-15. [PMID: 28527681 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During daily Food Restriction (FR), obese Neotomodon alstoni mice present decreased Food Anticipatory Activity (FAA) compared to lean mice. Here, we investigated whether FOS expression in hypothalamic nuclei involved in food synchronization and anticipation parallels decreased FAA during daily FR of obese N. alstoni. Locomotor activity of lean and obese mice in ad libitum feeding conditions was monitored for at least two weeks. Then, a gradual restriction of food access was followed to establish a 5h period of daily food access. FR was maintained during at least two weeks before sacrifice of mice at the starting point of the feeding period. Obese mice subjected to FR displayed an overall reduction of FOS-positive (FOS+) hypothalamic neurons, while lean mice in a similar protocol exhibited an increase in FOS+ neurons within the arcuate and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei. These results are consistent with decreased FAA displayed by obese mice in comparison to lean mice. Furthermore, limbic system areas of lean mice, such as the cingulate cortex and the hippocampus, showed an increase in FOS during FR, while no responses were observed in obese mice. The daily food intake of obese mice was severely reduced during FR, compared to the ad libitum condition, whereas food intake in lean mice was not affected by FR. Current data suggests that decreased hypothalamic and limbic neuronal activation may contribute to the reduction of FAA in obese N. alstoni mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Luna-Illades
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Querétaro, Mexico; Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - T Morales
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México.
| | - M Miranda-Anaya
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Querétaro, Mexico
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20
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Gao HT, Cheng WZ, Xu Q, Shao LX. Dietary restriction reduces blood lipids and ameliorates liver function of mice with hyperlipidemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 37:79-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Ross C, Salmon A, Strong R, Fernandez E, Javors M, Richardson A, Tardif S. Metabolic consequences of long-term rapamycin exposure on common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus). Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:964-73. [PMID: 26568298 PMCID: PMC4694066 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapamycin has been shown to extend lifespan in rodent models, but the effects on metabolic health and function have been widely debated in both clinical and translational trials. Prior to rapamycin being used as a treatment to extend both lifespan and healthspan in the human population, it is vital to assess the side effects of the treatment on metabolic pathways in animal model systems, including a closely related non-human primate model. In this study, we found that long-term treatment of marmoset monkeys with orally-administered encapsulated rapamycin resulted in no overall effects on body weight and only a small decrease in fat mass over the first few months of treatment. Rapamycin treated subjects showed no overall changes in daily activity counts, blood lipids, or significant changes in glucose metabolism including oral glucose tolerance. Adipose tissue displayed no differences in gene expression of metabolic markers following treatment, while liver tissue exhibited suppressed G6Pase activity with increased PCK and GPI activity. Overall, the marmosets revealed only minor metabolic consequences of chronic treatment with rapamycin and this adds to the growing body of literature that suggests that chronic and/or intermittent rapamycin treatment results in improved health span and metabolic functioning. The marmosets offer an interesting alternative animal model for future intervention testing and translational modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Ross
- Department of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA.,Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA
| | - Adam Salmon
- Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fernandez
- Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA
| | - Marty Javors
- Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and the Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Suzette Tardif
- Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA
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22
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Garratt M, Nakagawa S, Simons MJP. Comparative idiosyncrasies in life extension by reduced mTOR signalling and its distinctiveness from dietary restriction. Aging Cell 2016; 15:737-43. [PMID: 27139919 PMCID: PMC4933670 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling extends lifespan in yeast, nematodes, fruit flies and mice, highlighting a physiological pathway that could modulate aging in evolutionarily divergent organisms. This signalling system is also hypothesized to play a central role in lifespan extension via dietary restriction. By collating data from 48 available published studies examining lifespan with reduced mTOR signalling, we show that reduced mTOR signalling provides similar increases in median lifespan across species, with genetic mTOR manipulations consistently providing greater life extension than pharmacological treatment with rapamycin. In contrast to the consistency in changes in median lifespan, however, the demographic causes for life extension are highly species specific. Reduced mTOR signalling extends lifespan in nematodes by strongly reducing the degree to which mortality rates increase with age (aging rate). By contrast, life extension in mice and yeast occurs largely by pushing back the onset of aging, but not altering the shape of the mortality curve once aging starts. Importantly, in mice, the altered pattern of mortality induced by reduced mTOR signalling is different to that induced by dietary restriction, which reduces the rate of aging. Effects of mTOR signalling were also sex dependent, but only within mice, and not within flies, thus again species specific. An alleviation of age‐associated mortality is not a shared feature of reduced mTOR signalling across model organisms and does not replicate the established age‐related survival benefits of dietary restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Garratt
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution and Ecology Research Group and School of Biological; Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division; Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Sydney NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Mirre J. P. Simons
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S10 2TN UK
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23
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Karunadharma PP, Basisty N, Dai DF, Chiao YA, Quarles EK, Hsieh EJ, Crispin D, Bielas JH, Ericson NG, Beyer RP, MacKay VL, MacCoss MJ, Rabinovitch PS. Subacute calorie restriction and rapamycin discordantly alter mouse liver proteome homeostasis and reverse aging effects. Aging Cell 2015; 14:547-57. [PMID: 25807975 PMCID: PMC4531069 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) and rapamycin (RP) extend lifespan and improve health across model organisms. Both treatments inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, a conserved longevity pathway and a key regulator of protein homeostasis, yet their effects on proteome homeostasis are relatively unknown. To comprehensively study the effects of aging, CR, and RP on protein homeostasis, we performed the first simultaneous measurement of mRNA translation, protein turnover, and abundance in livers of young (3 month) and old (25 month) mice subjected to 10-week RP or 40% CR. Protein abundance and turnover were measured in vivo using (2) H3 -leucine heavy isotope labeling followed by LC-MS/MS, and translation was assessed by polysome profiling. We observed 35-60% increased protein half-lives after CR and 15% increased half-lives after RP compared to age-matched controls. Surprisingly, the effects of RP and CR on protein turnover and abundance differed greatly between canonical pathways, with opposite effects in mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction and eIF2 signaling pathways. CR most closely recapitulated the young phenotype in the top pathways. Polysome profiles indicated that CR reduced polysome loading while RP increased polysome loading in young and old mice, suggesting distinct mechanisms of reduced protein synthesis. CR and RP both attenuated protein oxidative damage. Our findings collectively suggest that CR and RP extend lifespan in part through the reduction of protein synthetic burden and damage and a concomitant increase in protein quality. However, these results challenge the notion that RP is a faithful CR mimetic and highlight mechanistic differences between the two interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Dao-Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ying A Chiao
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ellen K Quarles
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Edward J Hsieh
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - David Crispin
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jason H Bielas
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nolan G Ericson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Richard P Beyer
- Department of Environmental Health and Biostatistics, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Vivian L MacKay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Peter S Rabinovitch
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Correspondence, Peter S. Rabinovitch, Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., HSB-K081, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Tel.: 206-685-3761; fax: 206-616-8271; e-mail:
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24
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Linden MA, Lopez KT, Fletcher JA, Morris EM, Meers GM, Siddique S, Laughlin MH, Sowers JR, Thyfault JP, Ibdah JA, Rector RS. Combining metformin therapy with caloric restriction for the management of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:1038-47. [PMID: 26394261 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Weight loss is recommended for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while metformin may lower liver enzymes in type 2 diabetics. Yet, the efficacy of the combination of weight loss and metformin in the treatment of NAFLD is unclear. We assessed the effects of metformin, caloric restriction, and their combination on NAFLD in diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Male OLETF rats (age 20 weeks; n = 6-8 per group) were fed ad libitum (AL), given metformin (300 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1); Met), calorically restricted (70% of AL; CR), or calorically restricted and given metformin (CR+Met) for 12 weeks. Met lowered adiposity compared with AL but not to the same magnitude as CR or CR+Met (p < 0.05). Although only CR improved fasting insulin and glucose, the combination of CR+Met was needed to improve post-challenge glucose tolerance. All treatments lowered hepatic triglycerides, but further improvements were observed in the CR groups (p < 0.05, Met vs. CR or CR+Met) and a further reduction in serum alanine aminotransferases was observed in CR+Met rats. CR lowered markers of hepatic de novo lipogenesis (fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1)) and increased hepatic mitochondrial activity (palmitate oxidation and β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD) activity). Changes were enhanced in the CR+Met group for ACC, SCD-1, β-HAD, and the mitophagy marker BNIP3. Met decreased total hepatic mTOR content and inhibited mTOR complex 1, which may have contributed to Met-induced reductions in de novo lipogenesis. These findings in the OLETF rat suggest that the combination of caloric restriction and metformin may provide a more optimal approach than either treatment alone in the management of type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Linden
- a Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,b Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kristi T Lopez
- a Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,c Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Justin A Fletcher
- a Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,b Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - E Matthew Morris
- a Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,c Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Grace M Meers
- a Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,c Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Sameer Siddique
- a Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,c Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - M Harold Laughlin
- e Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- a Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,d Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- a Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,b Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,c Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jamal A Ibdah
- a Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,b Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,c Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- a Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.,b Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,c Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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25
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Markofski MM, Dickinson JM, Drummond MJ, Fry CS, Fujita S, Gundermann DM, Glynn EL, Jennings K, Paddon-Jones D, Reidy PT, Sheffield-Moore M, Timmerman KL, Rasmussen BB, Volpi E. Effect of age on basal muscle protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling in a large cohort of young and older men and women. Exp Gerontol 2015; 65:1-7. [PMID: 25735236 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rate of muscle loss with aging is higher in men than women. However, women have smaller muscles throughout the adult life. Protein content is a major determinant of skeletal muscle size. This study was designed to determine if age and sex differentially impact basal muscle protein synthesis and mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. We performed a secondary data analysis on a cohort of 215 healthy, non-obese (BMI<30kg·m(-2)) young (18-40y; 74 men, 52 women) and older (60-87y; 57 men, 32 women) adults. The database contained information on physical characteristics, basal muscle protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR; n=215; stable isotope methodology) and mTORC1 signaling (n=125, Western blotting). FSR and mTORC1 signaling were measured at rest and after an overnight fast. mTORC1 and S6K1 phosphorylation were higher (p<0.05) in older subjects with no sex differences. However, there were no age or sex differences or interaction for muscle FSR (p>0.05). Body mass index, fat free mass, or body fat was not a significant covariate and did not influence the results. We conclude that age and sex do not influence basal muscle protein synthesis. However, basal mTORC1 hyperphosphorylation in the elderly may contribute to insulin resistance and the age-related anabolic resistance of skeletal muscle protein metabolism to nutrition and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Markofski
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jared M Dickinson
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David M Gundermann
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Erin L Glynn
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kristofer Jennings
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Douglas Paddon-Jones
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Melinda Sheffield-Moore
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle L Timmerman
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Blake B Rasmussen
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Elena Volpi
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA.
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26
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Blagosklonny MV. Koschei the immortal and anti-aging drugs. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1552. [PMID: 25476900 PMCID: PMC4649836 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In Slavic folklore, Koschei the Immortal was bony, thin and lean. Was his condition caused by severe calorie restriction (CR)? CR deactivates the target of rapamycin pathway and slows down aging. But the life-extending effect of severe CR is limited by starvation. What if Koschei's anti-aging formula included rapamycin? And was rapamycin (or another rapalog) combined with commonly available drugs such as metformin, aspirin, propranolol, angiotensin II receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Blagosklonny
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, BLSC, L3-312, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, USA
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27
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Rodriguez KA, Dodds SG, Strong R, Galvan V, Sharp ZD, Buffenstein R. Divergent tissue and sex effects of rapamycin on the proteasome-chaperone network of old mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:83. [PMID: 25414638 PMCID: PMC4220119 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin, an allosteric inhibitor of the mTOR kinase, increases longevity in mice in a sex-specific manner. In contrast to the widely accepted theory that a loss of proteasome activity is detrimental to both life- and healthspan, biochemical studies in vitro reveal that rapamycin inhibits 20S proteasome peptidase activity. We tested if this unexpected finding is also evident after chronic rapamycin treatment in vivo by measuring peptidase activities for both the 26S and 20S proteasome in liver, fat, and brain tissues of old, male and female mice fed encapsulated chow containing 2.24 mg/kg (14 ppm) rapamycin for 6 months. Further we assessed if rapamycin altered expression of the chaperone proteins known to interact with the proteasome-mediated degradation system (PMDS), heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and the levels of key mTOR pathway proteins. Rapamycin had little effect on liver proteasome activity in either gender, but increased proteasome activity in female brain lysates and lowered its activity in female fat tissue. Rapamycin-induced changes in molecular chaperone levels were also more substantial in tissues from female animals. Furthermore, mTOR pathway proteins showed more significant changes in female tissues compared to those from males. These data show collectively that there are divergent tissue and sex effects of rapamycin on the proteasome-chaperone network and that these may be linked to the disparate effects of rapamycin on males and females. Further our findings suggest that rapamycin induces indirect regulation of the PMDS/heat-shock response through its modulation of the mTOR pathway rather than via direct interactions between rapamycin and the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Rodriguez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sherry G Dodds
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Z D Sharp
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
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