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Guo X, Li J, Qi Y, Chen J, Jiang M, Zhu L, Liu Z, Wang H, Wang G, Wang X. Telomere length and micronuclei trajectories in APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: Correlating with cognitive impairment and brain amyloidosis in a sexually dimorphic manner. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14121. [PMID: 38450924 PMCID: PMC11113262 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Although studies have demonstrated that genome instability is accumulated in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the specific types of genome instability linked to AD pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we report the first characterization of the age- and sex-related trajectories of telomere length (TL) and micronuclei in APP/PS1 mice model and wild-type (WT) controls (C57BL/6). TL was measured in brain (prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, pituitary gland, and hippocampus), colon and skin, and MN was measured in bone marrow in 6- to 14-month-old mice. Variation in TL was attributable to tissue type, age, genotype and, to a lesser extent, sex. Compared to WT, APP/PS1 had a significantly shorter baseline TL across all examined tissues. TL was inversely associated with age in both genotypes and TL shortening was accelerated in brain of APP/PS1. Age-related increase of micronuclei was observed in both genotypes but was accelerated in APP/PS1. We integrated TL and micronuclei data with data on cognition performance and brain amyloidosis. TL and micronuclei were linearly correlated with cognition performance or Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in both genotypes but to a greater extent in APP/PS1. These associations in APP/PS1 mice were dominantly driven by females. Together, our findings provide foundational knowledge to infer the TL and micronuclei trajectories in APP/PS1 mice during disease progression, and strongly support that TL attrition and micronucleation are tightly associated with AD pathogenesis in a female-biased manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Jianfei Li
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Yanmei Qi
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Juanlin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Minyan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Lina Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Zetong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Han Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Gongwu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
- Yeda Institute of Gene and Cell TherapyTaizhouZhejiangChina
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Pape M, Miyagi M, Ritz SA, Boulicault M, Richardson SS, Maney DL. Sex contextualism in laboratory research: Enhancing rigor and precision in the study of sex-related variables. Cell 2024; 187:1316-1326. [PMID: 38490173 PMCID: PMC11219044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Understanding sex-related variation in health and illness requires rigorous and precise approaches to revealing underlying mechanisms. A first step is to recognize that sex is not in and of itself a causal mechanism; rather, it is a classification system comprising a set of categories, usually assigned according to a range of varying traits. Moving beyond sex as a system of classification to working with concrete and measurable sex-related variables is necessary for precision. Whether and how these sex-related variables matter-and what patterns of difference they contribute to-will vary in context-specific ways. Second, when researchers incorporate these sex-related variables into research designs, rigorous analytical methods are needed to allow strongly supported conclusions. Third, the interpretation and reporting of sex-related variation require care to ensure that basic and preclinical research advance health equity for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Pape
- Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Miriam Miyagi
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stacey A Ritz
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marion Boulicault
- Department of Philosophy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Sarah S Richardson
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Donna L Maney
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Harvard-Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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3
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Kanuri B, Biswas P, Dahdah A, Murphy AJ, Nagareddy PR. Impact of age and sex on myelopoiesis and inflammation during myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 187:80-89. [PMID: 38163742 PMCID: PMC10922716 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Of all the different risk factors known to cause cardiovascular disease (CVD), age and sex are considered to play a crucial role. Aging follows a continuum from birth to death, and therefore it inevitably acts as a risk for CVD. Along with age, sex differences have also been shown to demonstrate variations in immune system responses to pathological insults. It has been widely perceived that females are protected against myocardial infarction (MI) and the protection is quite apparent in young vs. old women. Acute MI leads to changes in the population of myeloid and lymphoid cells at the injury site with myeloid bias being observed in the initial inflammation and the lymphoid in the late-resolution phases of the pathology. Multiple evidence demonstrates that aging enhances damage to various cellular processes through inflamm-aging, an inflammatory process identified to increase pro-inflammatory markers in circulation and tissues. Following MI, marked changes were observed in different sub-sets of major myeloid cell types viz., neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. There is a paucity of information regarding the tissue and site-specific functions of these sub-sets. In this review, we highlight the importance of age and sex as crucial risk factors by discussing their role during MI-induced myelopoiesis while emphasizing the current status of myeloid cell sub-sets. We further put forth the need for designing and executing age and sex interaction studies aimed to determine the appropriate age and sex to develop personalized therapeutic strategies post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babunageswararao Kanuri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priosmita Biswas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Albert Dahdah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Division of Immunometabolism, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Prabhakara R Nagareddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Bartke A, Hascup E, Hascup K. Responses to Many Anti-Aging Interventions Are Sexually Dimorphic. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:29-38. [PMID: 37118966 PMCID: PMC10782120 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing appreciation that sex differences are not limited to reproductive organs or traits related to reproduction and that sex is an important biological variable in most characteristics of a living organism. The biological process of aging and aging-related traits are no exception and exhibit numerous, often major, sex differences. This article explores one aspect of these differences, namely sex differences in the responses to anti-aging interventions. Aging can be slowed down and/or postponed by a variety of environmental ("lifestyle"), genetic or pharmacological interventions. Although many, particularly older studies utilized only one sex of experimental animals, there is considerable evidence that responses to these interventions can be very different in females and males. Calorie restriction (CR), that is reducing food intake without malnutrition can extend longevity in both sexes, but specific metabolic alterations and health benefits induced by CR are not the same in women and men. In laboratory mice, several of the genetic alterations that reduce insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) signaling extend longevity more effectively in females or in females only. Beneficial effects of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR signaling, on mouse longevity are greater in females. In contrast, several anti-aging compounds, including a weak estrogen, 17 alpha estradiol, extend longevity of male, but not female, mice. Apparently, fundamental mechanisms of aging are not identical in females and males and it is essential to use both sexes in studies aimed at identifying novel anti-aging interventions. Recommendations for lifestyle modifications, drugs, and dietary supplements to maintain good health and functionality into advanced age and to live longer will likely need to be tailored to the sex of the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
| | - Erin Hascup
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Hascup
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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Hahn MW, Peña-Garcia Y, Wang RJ. The 'faulty male' hypothesis for sex-biased mutation and disease. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R1166-R1172. [PMID: 37989088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological differences between males and females lead to many differences in physiology, disease, and overall health. One of the most prominent disparities is in the number of germline mutations passed to offspring: human males transmit three times as many mutations as do females. While the classic explanation for this pattern invokes differences in post-puberty germline replication between the sexes, recent whole-genome evidence in humans and other mammals has cast doubt on this mechanism. Here, we review recent work that is inconsistent with a replication-driven model of male-biased mutation, and propose an alternative, 'faulty male' hypothesis. This model proposes that males are less able to repair and/or protect DNA from damage compared to females. Importantly, we suggest that this new model for male-biased mutation may also help to explain several pronounced differences between the sexes in cancer, aging, and DNA repair. Although the detailed contributions of genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences of biological sex on mutation remain to be fully understood, a reconsideration of the mechanisms underlying these differences will lead to a deeper understanding of evolution and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Hahn
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3(rd) Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Computer Science, 700 N. Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Yadira Peña-Garcia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3(rd) Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Richard J Wang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3(rd) Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Computer Science, 700 N. Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Miranda-Guevara A, Muñoz-Acevedo A, Fiorillo-Moreno O, Acosta-Hoyos A, Pacheco-Londoño L, Quintana-Sosa M, De Moya Y, Dias J, de Souza GS, Martinez-Lopez W, Garcia ALH, da Silva J, Borges MS, Henriques JAP, León-Mejía G. The dangerous link between coal dust exposure and DNA damage: unraveling the role of some of the chemical agents and oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7081-7097. [PMID: 37542205 PMCID: PMC10517898 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to coal mining dust poses a substantial health hazard to individuals due to the complex mixture of components released during the extraction process. This study aimed to assess the oxidative potential of residual coal mining dust on human lymphocyte DNA and telomeres and to perform a chemical characterization of coal dust and urine samples. The study included 150 individuals exposed to coal dust for over ten years, along with 120 control individuals. The results revealed significantly higher levels of DNA damage in the exposed group, as indicated by the standard comet assay, and oxidative damage, as determined by the FPG-modified comet assay. Moreover, the exposed individuals exhibited significantly shorter telomeres compared to the control group, and a significant correlation was found between telomere length and oxidative DNA damage. Using the PIXE method on urine samples, significantly higher concentrations of sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and bromine (Br) were observed in the exposed group compared to the control group. Furthermore, men showed shorter telomeres, greater DNA damage, and higher concentrations of nickel (Ni), calcium (Ca), and chromium (Cr) compared to exposed women. Additionally, the study characterized the particles released into the environment through GC-MS analysis, identifying several compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as fluoranthene, naphthalene, anthracene, 7H-benzo[c]fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, and some alkyl derivatives. These findings underscore the significant health risks associated with exposure to coal mining dust, emphasizing the importance of further research and the implementation of regulatory measures to safeguard the health of individuals in affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Miranda-Guevara
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia
| | - Amner Muñoz-Acevedo
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ornella Fiorillo-Moreno
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia
- Clínica Iberoamerica, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Clinica el Carmen, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Antonio Acosta-Hoyos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Pacheco-Londoño
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia
| | - Milton Quintana-Sosa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia
| | - Yurina De Moya
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia
| | - Johnny Dias
- Laboratório de Implantação Iônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Soares de Souza
- Laboratório de Implantação Iônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wilner Martinez-Lopez
- Ministry of Education and Culture, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology. PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Malu Siqueira Borges
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology. PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Grethel León-Mejía
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia.
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Ornos ED, Cando LF, Catral CD, Quebral EP, Tantengco OA, Arevalo MVP, Dee EC. Molecular basis of sex differences in cancer: Perspective from Asia. iScience 2023; 26:107101. [PMID: 37404373 PMCID: PMC10316661 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Sex differences in cancer are evident in death rates and treatment responses in several cancers. Asian patients have unique cancer epidemiology influenced by their genetic ancestry and sociocultural factors in the region. In this review, we show molecular associations that potentially mediate sex disparities observed in cancer in Asian populations. Differences in sex characteristics are evident at the cytogenetic, genetic, and epigenetic levels mediating processes that include cell cycle, oncogenesis, and metastasis. Larger clinical and in vitro studies that explore mechanisms can confirm the associations of these molecular markers. In-depth studies of these markers can reveal their importance as diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutic efficacy markers. Sex differences should be considered in designing novel cancer therapeutics in this era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric David Ornos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Leslie Faye Cando
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | | | - Elgin Paul Quebral
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, 1000, Philippines
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Ourlad Alzeus Tantengco
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, 1000, Philippines
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
- Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila 0922, Philippines
| | | | - Edward Christopher Dee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10028, USA
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Kondziella C, Fluschnik N, Weimann J, Schrage B, Becher PM, Memenga F, Bernhardt AM, Blankenberg S, Reichenspurner H, Kirchhof P, Schnabel RB, Magnussen C. Sex differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients undergoing heart transplantation. ESC Heart Fail 2023. [PMID: 37339937 PMCID: PMC10375178 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Whether sex affects selection for and outcomes after heart transplantation (HTx) remains unclear. We aimed to show sex differences in pre-transplant characteristics and outcomes after HTx. METHODS AND RESULTS From 1995 to 2019, 49 200 HTx recipients were prospectively enrolled in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate clinical characteristics by sex. Multivariable Cox regression models were fitted to assess sex differences in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, graft failure, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), and malignancy. In 49 200 patients (median age 55 years, interquartile range 46-62; 24.6% women), 49 732 events occurred during a median follow-up of 8.1 years. Men were older than women, had more often ischaemic cardiomyopathy (odds ratio [OR] 3.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.11-3.42; P < 0.001), and a higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors, whereas women had less malignancies (OR 0.47, CI 0.44-0.51; P < 0.001). Men were more often treated in intensive care unit (OR 1.24, CI 1.12-1.37; P < 0.001) with a higher need for ventilatory (OR 1.24, CI 1.17-1.32; P < 0.001) or VAD (OR 1.53, CI 1.45-1.63; P < 0.001) support. After multivariable adjustment, men had a higher risk for CAV (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21, CI 1.13-1.29; P < 0.001) and malignancy (HR 1.80, CI 1.62-2.00; P < 0.001). There were no differences in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and graft failure between sexes. CONCLUSIONS In this US transplant registry, men and women differed in pre-transplant characteristics. Male sex was independently associated with incident CAV and malignancy even after multivariable adjustment. Our results underline the need for better personalized post-HTx management and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kondziella
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Fluschnik
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Weimann
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schrage
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Moritz Becher
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Memenga
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander M Bernhardt
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Magnussen
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Zhou X, Cao J, Zhu L, Farrell K, Wang M, Guo L, Yang J, McKenzie A, Crary JF, Cai D, Tu Z, Zhang B. Molecular differences in brain regional vulnerability to aging between males and females. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1153251. [PMID: 37284017 PMCID: PMC10239962 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1153251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aging-related cognitive decline is associated with brain structural changes and synaptic loss. However, the molecular mechanisms of cognitive decline during normal aging remain elusive. Results Using the GTEx transcriptomic data from 13 brain regions, we identified aging-associated molecular alterations and cell-type compositions in males and females. We further constructed gene co-expression networks and identified aging-associated modules and key regulators shared by both sexes or specific to males or females. A few brain regions such as the hippocampus and the hypothalamus show specific vulnerability in males, while the cerebellar hemisphere and the anterior cingulate cortex regions manifest greater vulnerability in females than in males. Immune response genes are positively correlated with age, whereas those involved in neurogenesis are negatively correlated with age. Aging-associated genes identified in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex are significantly enriched for gene signatures implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. In the hippocampus, a male-specific co-expression module is driven by key synaptic signaling regulators including VSNL1, INA, CHN1 and KCNH1; while in the cortex, a female-specific module is associated with neuron projection morphogenesis, which is driven by key regulators including SRPK2, REPS2 and FXYD1. In the cerebellar hemisphere, a myelination-associated module shared by males and females is driven by key regulators such as MOG, ENPP2, MYRF, ANLN, MAG and PLP1, which have been implicated in the development of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusions This integrative network biology study systematically identifies molecular signatures and networks underlying brain regional vulnerability to aging in males and females. The findings pave the way for understanding the molecular mechanisms of gender differences in developing neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jiqing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Kurt Farrell
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrew McKenzie
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - John F. Crary
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dongming Cai
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zhidong Tu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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10
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Lu Y, Jarrahi A, Moore N, Bartoli M, Brann DW, Baban B, Dhandapani KM. Inflammaging, cellular senescence, and cognitive aging after traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 180:106090. [PMID: 36934795 PMCID: PMC10763650 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with mortality and morbidity worldwide. Accumulating pre-clinical and clinical data suggests TBI is the leading extrinsic cause of progressive neurodegeneration. Neurological deterioration after either a single moderate-severe TBI or repetitive mild TBI often resembles dementia in aged populations; however, no currently approved therapies adequately mitigate neurodegeneration. Inflammation correlates with neurodegenerative changes and cognitive dysfunction for years post-TBI, suggesting a potential association between immune activation and both age- and TBI-induced cognitive decline. Inflammaging, a chronic, low-grade sterile inflammation associated with natural aging, promotes cognitive decline. Cellular senescence and the subsequent development of a senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) promotes inflammaging and cognitive aging, although the functional association between senescent cells and neurodegeneration is poorly defined after TBI. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical evidence linking cellular senescence with poor TBI outcomes. We also discuss the current knowledge and future potential for senotherapeutics, including senolytics and senomorphics, which kill and/or modulate senescent cells, as potential therapeutics after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America.
| | - Abbas Jarrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Moore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Darrell W Brann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Services, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America.
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11
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Oza VH, Fisher JL, Darji R, Lasseigne BN. CINmetrics: an R package for analyzing copy number aberrations as a measure of chromosomal instability. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15244. [PMID: 37123011 PMCID: PMC10143595 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is an important hallmark of cancer and more recently has been identified in others like neurodegenrative diseases. Chromosomal instability, as a measure of genomic instability, has been used to characterize clinical and biological phenotypes associated with these diseases by measuring structural and numerical chromosomal alterations. There have been multiple chromosomal instability scores developed across many studies in the literature; however, these scores have not been compared because of the lack of a single tool available to calculate and facilitate these various metrics. Here, we provide an R package CINmetrics, that calculates six different chromosomal instability scores and allows direct comparison between them. We also demonstrate how these scores differ by applying CINmetrics to breast cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The package is available on CRAN at https://cran.rproject.org/package=CINmetrics and on GitHub at https://github.com/lasseignelab/CINmetrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal H. Oza
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Fisher
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Roshan Darji
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Brittany N. Lasseigne
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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12
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Schafer MH, Upenieks L. Do Sexual Expectations Matter for Older Men and Women? Anticipated Sexual Futures and Late-Life Sexuality Over Two Decades. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2023; 63:240-250. [PMID: 35592883 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Expectations across a variety of life domains appear to shape the aging process, giving weight to the role of self-fulfilling prophecies in later life. Sexuality is one area where the power of expectations is not well-understood. We investigated whether 10-year sexual expectations were associated with sexual satisfaction and sexual frequency a decade on among older heterosexual coupled adults. We further examined whether sexual expectations could offset the sex-constraining impact of functional limitation onset. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used 3 waves of the Midlife Development in the United States study (1995, 2005, 2014), a nationally representative panel survey. Analyses consider adults aged 45+ in 1995 who had a spouse or romantic partner at 2 consecutive waves. Associations between sexual expectations and eventual sexual satisfaction and frequency were estimated with multivariable generalized estimating equations. Moderation analyses examined whether between-wave onset of functional limitations had less influence on sexuality outcomes when combined with a high initial level of sexual expectations. RESULTS Sexually optimistic participants reported more sexual satisfaction and higher sexual frequency a decade later. Though the onset of functional limitations tended to suppress sexual frequency for women, the probability of having weekly sex was significantly higher among such women if they had high rather than low sexual expectations. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Results suggest that, similar to other life domains, expectations shape the sexual experience of older adults. Clinicians and care providers may consider ways to help foster realistic optimism about sexuality among older men and women.
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13
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Privratsky JR, Fuller M, Raghunathan K, Ohnuma T, Bartz RR, Schroeder R, Price TM, Martinez MR, Sigurdsson MI, Mathis MR, Naik B, Krishnamoorthy V. Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury by Age and Sex: A Retrospective Cohort Association Study. Anesthesiology 2023; 138:184-194. [PMID: 36512724 PMCID: PMC10439699 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) after noncardiac surgery is common and has substantial health impact. Preclinical and clinical studies examining the influence of sex on AKI have yielded conflicting results, although they typically do not account for age-related changes. The objective of the study was to determine the association of age and sex groups on postoperative AKI. The authors hypothesized that younger females would display lower risk of postoperative AKI than males of similar age, and the protection would be lost in older females. METHODS This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study across 46 institutions between 2013 and 2019. Participants included adult inpatients without pre-existing end-stage kidney disease undergoing index major noncardiac, nonkidney/urologic surgeries. The authors' primary exposure was age and sex groups defined as females 50 yr or younger, females older than 50 yr, males 50 yr or younger, and males older than 50 yr. The authors' primary outcome was development of AKI by Kidney Disease-Improving Global Outcomes serum creatinine criteria. Exploratory analyses included associations of ascending age groups and hormone replacement therapy home medications with postoperative AKI. RESULTS Among 390,382 patients, 25,809 (6.6%) developed postoperative AKI (females 50 yr or younger: 2,190 of 58,585 [3.7%]; females older than 50 yr: 9,320 of 14,4047 [6.5%]; males 50 yr or younger: 3,289 of 55,503 [5.9%]; males older than 50 yr: 11,010 of 132,447 [8.3%]). When adjusted for AKI risk factors, compared to females younger than 50 yr (odds ratio, 1), the odds of AKI were higher in females older than 50 yr (odds ratio, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.43 to 1.59), males younger than 50 yr (odds ratio, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.79 to 2.01), and males older than 50 yr (odds ratio, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.96 to 2.17). CONCLUSIONS Younger females display a lower odds of postoperative AKI that gradually increases with age. These results suggest that age-related changes in women should be further studied as modifiers of postoperative AKI risk after noncardiac surgery. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R. Privratsky
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Fuller
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Karthik Raghunathan
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tetsu Ohnuma
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Raquel R. Bartz
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Rebecca Schroeder
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas M. Price
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael R. Martinez
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Martin I. Sigurdsson
- Division of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Landspitali -The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Michael R. Mathis
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bhiken Naik
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vijay Krishnamoorthy
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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14
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Dynamic Regulation of DNA Methylation and Brain Functions. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020152. [PMID: 36829430 PMCID: PMC9952911 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
DNA cytosine methylation is a principal epigenetic mechanism underlying transcription during development and aging. Growing evidence suggests that DNA methylation plays a critical role in brain function, including neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis, learning, and memory. However, the mechanisms underlying aberrant DNA methylation in neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of the contribution of 5-methycytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxylcytosine (5hmC) to brain development and aging, with a focus on the roles of dynamic 5mC and 5hmC changes in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Identification of aberrant DNA methylation sites could provide potential candidates for epigenetic-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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15
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Noh SG, Jung HJ, Kim S, Arulkumar R, Chung KW, Park D, Choi YJ, Chung HY. Sex-Mediated Differences in TNF Signaling- and ECM-Related Gene Expression in Aged Rat Kidney. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:552-562. [PMID: 37005299 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to the functional decline of an organism, which is associated with age and sex. To understand the functional change of kidneys depending on age and sex, we carried out a transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data from rat kidneys. Four differentially expressed gene (DEG) sets were generated according to age and sex, and Gene Ontology analysis and overlapping analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were performed for the DEG sets. Through the analysis, we revealed that inflammation- and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes and pathways were upregulated in both males and females during aging, which was more prominent in old males than in old females. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling-related genes, Birc3, Socs3, and Tnfrsf1b, and ECM-related genes, Cd44, Col3a1, and Col5a2, which showed that the genes were markedly upregulated in males and not females during aging. Also, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining for histological analysis showed that renal damage was highly shown in old males rather than old females. In conclusion, in the rat kidney, the genes involved in TNF signaling and ECM accumulation are upregulated in males more than in females during aging. These results suggest that the upregulation of the genes may have a higher contribution to age-related kidney inflammation and fibrosis in males than in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gyun Noh
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Seungwoo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Radha Arulkumar
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Dongguk University
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
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16
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Ashton KJ, Kiessling CJ, Thompson JLM, Aziz AY, Thomas WG, Headrick JP, Reichelt ME. Early cardiac aging linked to impaired stress-resistance and transcriptional control of stress response, quality control and mitochondrial pathways. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112011. [PMID: 36347360 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic and transcriptomic evidence of early cardiac aging, and associated mechanisms, were investigated in young to middle-aged male mice (C57Bl/6; ages 8, 16, 32, 48 wks). Left ventricular gene expression (profiled via Illumina MouseWG-6 BeadChips), contractile and coronary function, and stress-resistance were assessed in Langendorff perfused hearts under normoxic conditions and following ischemic insult (20 min global ischemia-45 min reperfusion; I-R). Baseline or normoxic contractile function was unaltered by age, while cardiac and coronary 'reserves' (during β-adrenoceptor stimulation; 1 μM isoproterenol) declined by 48 wks. Resistance to I-R injury fell from 16 to 32 wks. Age-dependent transcriptional changes In un-stressed hearts were limited to 104 genes (>1.3-fold; 0.05 FDR), supporting: up-regulated innate defenses (glutathione and xenobiotic metabolism, chemotaxis, interleukins) and catecholamine secretion; and down-regulated extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factor and survival (PI3K/Akt) signaling. In stressed (post-ischemic) myocardium, ∼15-times as many genes (1528) were age-dependent, grouped into 6 clusters (>1.3-fold change; 0.05 FDR): most changing from 16 wks (45 % up/44 % down), a further 5 % declining from 32 wks. Major age-dependent Biological Processes in I-R hearts reveal: declining ATP metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, cardiac contraction and morphogenesis, phospholipid metabolism and calcineurin signaling; increasing proteolysis and negative control of MAPK; and mixed changes in nuclear transport and angiogenic genes. Pathway analysis supports reductions in: autophagy, stress response, ER protein processing, mRNA surveillance and ribosome/translation genes; with later falls in mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation and proteasome genes in I-R hearts. Summarizing, early cardiac aging is evident from 16 to 32 wks in male mice, characterized by: declining cardiovascular reserve and stress-resistance, transcriptomic evidence of constitutive stress and altered catecholamine and survival/growth signaling in healthy hearts; and declining stress response, quality control, mitochondrial energy metabolism and cardiac modeling processes in stressed hearts. These very early changes, potentially key substrate for advanced aging, may inform approaches to healthy aging and cardioprotection in the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Can J Kiessling
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamie-Lee M Thompson
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Aliah Y Aziz
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Walter G Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Melissa E Reichelt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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17
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St Clair LA, Chaulagain S, Klein SL, Benn CS, Flanagan KL. Sex-Differential and Non-specific Effects of Vaccines Over the Life Course. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 441:225-251. [PMID: 37695431 PMCID: PMC10917449 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological sex and age have profound effects on immune responses throughout the lifespan and impact vaccine acceptance, responses, and outcomes. Mounting evidence from epidemiological, clinical, and animal model studies show that males and females respond differentially to vaccination throughout the lifespan. Within age groups, females tend to produce greater vaccine-induced immune responses than males, with sex differences apparent across all age groups, but are most pronounced among reproductive aged individuals. Females report more adverse effects following vaccination than males. Females, especially among children under 5 years of age, also experience more non-specific effects of vaccination. Despite these known sex- and age-specific differences in vaccine-induced immune responses and outcomes, sex and age are often ignored in vaccine research. Herein, we review the known sex differences in the immunogenicity, effectiveness, reactogenicity, and non-specific effects of vaccination over the lifespan. Ways in which these data can be leveraged to improve vaccine research are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A St Clair
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabal Chaulagain
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine Stabell Benn
- Institute of Clinical Research and Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia.
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18
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The landscape of aging. SCIENCE CHINA LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2354-2454. [PMID: 36066811 PMCID: PMC9446657 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death. It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological degeneration, and cancer. Therefore, the growing emphasis on “healthy aging” raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences. In recent years, there has been unprecedented progress in aging research, particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes. In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases, we review the descriptive, conceptual, and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.
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19
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Hua L, Chen W, Meng Y, Qin M, Yan Z, Yang R, Liu Q, Wei Y, Zhao Y, Yan L, Qiao J. The combination of DNA methylome and transcriptome revealed the intergenerational inheritance on the influence of advanced maternal age. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e990. [PMID: 36103411 PMCID: PMC9473489 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of women delivering at advanced maternal age (AMA; > = 35) continuously increases in developed and high-income countries. Large cohort studies have associated AMA with increased risks of various pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes, which raises great concerns about the adverse effect of AMA on the long-term health of offspring. Specific acquired characteristics of parents can be passed on to descendants through certain molecular mechanisms, yet the underlying connection between AMA-related alterations in parents and that in offspring remains largely uncharted. METHODS We profiled the DNA methylomes of paired parental peripheral bloods and cord bloods from 20 nuclear families, including 10 AMA and 10 Young, and additional transcriptomes of 10 paired maternal peripheral bloods and cord bloods. RESULTS We revealed that AMA induced aging-like changes in DNA methylome and gene expression in both parents and offspring. The expression changes in several genes, such as SLC28A3, were highly relevant to the disorder in DNA methylation. In addition, AMA-related differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified in mother and offspring groups showed remarkable similarities in both genomic locations and biological functions, mainly involving neuron differentiation, metabolism, and histone modification pathways. AMA-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by mother and offspring groups were highly enriched in the processes of immune cell activation and mitotic nuclear division. We further uncovered developmental-dependent dynamics for the DNA methylation of intergenerationally correlated DMRs during pre-implantation embryonic development, as well as diverse gene expression patterns during gametogenesis and early embryonic development for those common AMA-related DEGs presenting intergenerational correlation, such as CD24. Moreover, some intergenerational DEGs, typified by HTRA3, also showed the same significant alterations in AMA MII oocyte or blastocyst. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal potential intergenerational inheritance of both AMA-related DNA methylome and transcriptome and provide new insights to understand health problems in AMA offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyue Hua
- Center for Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyBeijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Meng Qin
- Center for Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Center for Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Rui Yang
- Center for Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center for Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Yuan Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in ObstetricsBeijingChina
| | - Yangyu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in ObstetricsBeijingChina
| | - Liying Yan
- Center for Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive TechnologyBeijingChina
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for GenomicsBeijingChina
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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20
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Evidence of Sex Differences in Cellular Senescence. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 120:88-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Pascual A, Pauletto M, Trocino A, Birolo M, Dacasto M, Giantin M, Bordignon F, Ballarin C, Bortoletti M, Pillan G, Xiccato G. Effect of the dietary supplementation with extracts of chestnut wood and grape pomace on performance and jejunum response in female and male broiler chickens at different ages. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:102. [PMID: 35978386 PMCID: PMC9387010 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, interest in the use of herbs and phytogenic compounds has grown because of their potential role in the production and health of livestock animals. Among these compounds, several tannins have been tested in poultry, but those from chestnut wood and grape-industry byproducts have attracted remarkable interest. Thus, the present study aimed to gain further insights into the mechanisms involved in the response to the dietary supplementation with extracts of chestnut wood or grape pomace. To this purpose, 864 broiler chickens were fed a control diet (C) or the same diet supplemented 0.2% chestnut wood (CN) extract or 0.2% grape pomace (GP) extract from hatching until commercial slaughtering (at 45 days of age) to assess their effects on performance, meat quality, jejunum immune response and whole-transcriptome profiling in both sexes at different ages (15 and 35 d). RESULTS Final live weight and daily weight gain significantly increased (P < 0.01) in chickens fed GP diets compared to CN and C diets. The villi height was lower in chickens fed the CN diet than in those fed the C diet (P < 0.001); moreover, a lower density of CD45+ cells was observed in chickens fed the CN diet (P < 0.05) compared to those fed the C and GP diets. Genes involved in either pro- or anti-inflammatory response pathways, and antimicrobial and antioxidant responses were affected by GP and CN diets. There was no effect of the dietary treatment on meat quality. Regarding sex, in addition to a lower growth performance, females showed a lower occurrence of wooden breast (16.7% vs. 55.6%; P < 0.001) and a higher occurrence of spaghetti meat (48.6% vs. 4.17%; P < 0.001) in pectoralis major muscles after slaughtering than those in males. Based on the results of whole-transcriptome profiling, a significant activation of some molecular pathways related to immunity was observed in males compared with those of females. CONCLUSIONS The GP supplementation improved chicken performance and promoted immune responses in the intestinal mucosa; moreover, age and sex were associated with the most relevant transcriptional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pascual
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Trocino
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - M Birolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - F Bordignon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - C Ballarin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Bortoletti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - G Pillan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - G Xiccato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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22
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Tan Q, Mengel-From J, Christensen K. Sex difference in epigenomic instability during human aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5960-5961. [PMID: 35929839 PMCID: PMC9417232 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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23
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Downie JM, Riaz M, Xie J, Lee M, Chan AT, Gibbs P, Orchard SG, Mahady SE, Sebra RP, Murray AM, Macrae F, Schadt E, Woods RL, McNeil JJ, Lacaze P, Gala M. Incident Cancer Risk and Signatures Among Older MUTYH Carriers: Analysis of Population-Based and Genomic Cohorts. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:509-519. [PMID: 35609203 PMCID: PMC9356994 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
MUTYH carriers have an increased colorectal cancer risk in case-control studies, with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) as the presumed mechanism. We evaluated cancer risk among carriers in a prospective, population-based cohort of older adults. In addition, we assessed if cancers from carriers demonstrated mutational signatures (G:C>T:A transversions) associated with early LOH. We calculated incident risk of cancer and colorectal cancer among 13,131 sequenced study participants of the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly cohort, stratified by sex and adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol use, BMI, polyp history, history of cancer, and aspirin use. MUTYH carriers were identified among 13,033 participants in The Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium, and somatic signatures of cancers were analyzed. Male MUTYH carriers demonstrated an increased risk for overall cancer incidence [multivariable HR, 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-2.68; P = 0.038] driven by increased colorectal cancer incidence (multivariable HR, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.42-8.78; P = 0.007), as opposed to extracolonic cancer incidence (multivariable HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.81-2.44; P = 0.229). Female carriers did not demonstrate increased risk of cancer, colorectal cancer, or extracolonic cancers. Analysis of mutation signatures from cancers of MUTYH carriers revealed no significant contribution toward early mutagenesis from widespread G:C>T:A transversions among gastrointestinal epithelial cancers. Among cancers from carriers, somatic transversions associated with base-excision repair deficiency are uncommon, suggestive of diverse mechanisms of carcinogenesis in carriers compared with those who inherit biallelic MUTYH mutations. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Despite absence of loss of heterozygosity in colorectal cancers, elderly male MUTYH carriers appeared to be at increased of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Downie
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minyi Lee
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- MD-Ph.D. Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Division of Personalised Oncology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne G. Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne E. Mahady
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert P. Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Anne M. Murray
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Finlay Macrae
- Department of Genomic Medicine; Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Robyn L. Woods
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John J. McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Manish Gala
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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24
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Lopuszanska-Dawid M, Kołodziej H, Lipowicz A, Szklarska A. Age, Education, and Stress Affect Ageing Males' Symptoms More than Lifestyle Does: The Wroclaw Male Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095044. [PMID: 35564437 PMCID: PMC9105921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of subjects are affected by health problems related to the advanced involutional processes. It is extremely important to identify the determinants of the rate of occurrence of physiological, psychological, and social manifestations of aging. The aim was to determine how factors such as lifestyle, level of education, or severity of stressful life events indicate the appearance of aging symptoms in adult men. The material consisted of data of ethnically homogeneous group of 355 men (32−87 years), invited to the study as a part of the Wroclaw Male Study research project. The analyzed features included (1) socioeconomic status: age, educational level, marital status, and having children; (2) elements of lifestyle: alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, and physical activity; (3) major and most important stressful life events—the Social Readjustment Rating Scale; (4) symptoms related to male aging—the Aging Males’ Symptoms. The backward stepwise regression models, the Kruskal−Wallis test, and multiple comparisons of mean ranks were used. Noncentrality parameter δ (delta), two-tailed critical values of the test, and test power with α = 0.05 were calculated. Among the analyzed variables, age was most strongly associated with the intensity of almost all groups of andropausal symptoms in men (p = 0.0001), followed by the level of education (p = 0.0001) and the intensity of stressful life events (p = 0.0108). Selected lifestyle elements turned out to be much less important (p > 0.01). Preventive actions aimed at slowing down the intensification of involutional processes, including teaching strategies for coping with stressful life events, should be implemented in groups of men with specific risk factors from an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lopuszanska-Dawid
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-834-04-31
| | - Halina Kołodziej
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Anna Lipowicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Alicja Szklarska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Palace of Culture and Science, Defilad Square 1, 00-901 Warsaw, Poland;
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25
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Xu P, Xu X, Liu J, Hu H, Shen H, Chen C. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nuclear respiratory factor-2 beta subunit-encoding GABPB1 gene with the occupational environment. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:193-200. [PMID: 35343317 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221081923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
GABPB1, known as nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2), activates the mitochondrial genes that are responsible for antioxidant action and detoxification. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GABPB1, such as rs7181866 and rs8031031, were reported to be associated with the prevention of the increasing cancer risk caused by environmental deterioration. Between March 1 and May 1, 2018, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a cohort of 300 volunteers working in adverse occupational environments were genotyped for the two SNPs in the present study. The SNP rs7181866 was found to be significantly greater in the male group than in the female group. Frequencies of SNP rs7181866 and bi-allele SNPs (rs7181866 + rs8031031) were significantly different between the <35-year-old group and the ≥35-year-old group. Further, multinomial logistic regression analysis of the occupational environments revealed the highest predictive frequency of SNPs for four environmental factors, of which chemical factors accounted for 15.33% rs7181866, physical factors accounted for 34.79% rs7181866 + rs8031031, physical + chemical factors accounted for 39.5% rs8031031, and unknown factors accounted for 26.5% rs7181866 + rs8031031. In conclusion, the G allele of rs7181866 was found to be significantly more susceptible than the rs8031031 allele under adverse occupational environmental factors, and physical factors such as noise, which appear to play vital roles in causing SNP mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- China Jiliang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine; College of Innovation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingjie Xu
- China Jiliang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine; College of Innovation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- China Jiliang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine; College of Innovation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huajun Hu
- China Jiliang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine; College of Innovation, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Chun Chen
- China Jiliang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine; College of Innovation, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Bronikowski AM, Meisel RP, Biga PR, Walters J, Mank JE, Larschan E, Wilkinson GS, Valenzuela N, Conard AM, de Magalhães JP, Duan J, Elias AE, Gamble T, Graze R, Gribble KE, Kreiling JA, Riddle NC. Sex-specific aging in animals: Perspective and future directions. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13542. [PMID: 35072344 PMCID: PMC8844111 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in aging occur in many animal species, and they include sex differences in lifespan, in the onset and progression of age-associated decline, and in physiological and molecular markers of aging. Sex differences in aging vary greatly across the animal kingdom. For example, there are species with longer-lived females, species where males live longer, and species lacking sex differences in lifespan. The underlying causes of sex differences in aging remain mostly unknown. Currently, we do not understand the molecular drivers of sex differences in aging, or whether they are related to the accepted hallmarks or pillars of aging or linked to other well-characterized processes. In particular, understanding the role of sex-determination mechanisms and sex differences in aging is relatively understudied. Here, we take a comparative, interdisciplinary approach to explore various hypotheses about how sex differences in aging arise. We discuss genomic, morphological, and environmental differences between the sexes and how these relate to sex differences in aging. Finally, we present some suggestions for future research in this area and provide recommendations for promising experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Bronikowski
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Richard P. Meisel
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Peggy R. Biga
- Department of BiologyThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - James R. Walters
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyThe University of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
| | - Judith E. Mank
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of BioscienceUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - Erica Larschan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | | | - Nicole Valenzuela
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Ashley Mae Conard
- Department of Computer ScienceCenter for Computational and Molecular BiologyBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing GroupInstitute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | - Amy E. Elias
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Tony Gamble
- Department of Biological SciencesMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Milwaukee Public MuseumMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Bell Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Rita M. Graze
- Department of Biological SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Kristin E. Gribble
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and EvolutionMarine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jill A. Kreiling
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Nicole C. Riddle
- Department of BiologyThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
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27
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The spectrum of sex differences in cancer. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:303-315. [PMID: 35190302 PMCID: PMC8930612 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in cellular and systems biology have been evolutionarily selected to optimize reproductive success in all species with little (sperm) and big (ova) gamete producers. They are evident from the time of fertilization and accrue throughout development through genetic, epigenetic, and circulating sex hormone-dependent mechanisms. Among other effects, they significantly impact on chromatin organization, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, immunity, longevity, and cancer risk and survival. Sex differences in cancer should be expected and accounted for in basic, translational, and clinical oncology research.
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28
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Zárate S, Gredilla R. EDITORIAL Special Issue: The influence of biological sex in ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 202:111628. [PMID: 35007615 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Di Mizio G, Marcianò G, Palleria C, Muraca L, Rania V, Roberti R, Spaziano G, Piscopo A, Ciconte V, Di Nunno N, Esposito M, Viola P, Pisani D, De Sarro G, Raffi M, Piras A, Chiarella G, Gallelli L. Drug-Drug Interactions in Vestibular Diseases, Clinical Problems, and Medico-Legal Implications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12936. [PMID: 34948545 PMCID: PMC8701970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral vestibular disease can be treated with several approaches (e.g., maneuvers, surgery, or medical approach). Comorbidity is common in elderly patients, so polytherapy is used, but it can generate the development of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) that play a role in both adverse drug reactions and reduced adherence. For this reason, they need a complex kind of approach, considering all their individual characteristics. Physicians must be able to prescribe and deprescribe drugs based on a solid knowledge of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical indications. Moreover, full information is required to reach a real therapeutic alliance, to improve the safety of care and reduce possible malpractice claims related to drug-drug interactions. In this review, using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library, we searched articles published until 30 August 2021, and described both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic DDIs in patients with vestibular disorders, focusing the interest on their clinical implications and on risk management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Di Mizio
- Department of Law, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Marcianò
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Palleria
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucia Muraca
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Primary Care, ASP 7, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rania
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Roberti
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spaziano
- Department of Experimental Medicine L. Donatelli, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80123 Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Piscopo
- Department of Law, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Ciconte
- Department of Law, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nunzio Di Nunno
- Department of History, Society and Studies on Humanity, University of Salento, 83100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Esposito
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Viola
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Regional Centre of Cochlear Implants and ENT Diseases, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Davide Pisani
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Regional Centre of Cochlear Implants and ENT Diseases, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Milena Raffi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piras
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chiarella
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Regional Centre of Cochlear Implants and ENT Diseases, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Medifarmagen SRL, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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30
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Lock R, Al Asafen H, Fleischer S, Tamargo M, Zhao Y, Radisic M, Vunjak-Novakovic G. A framework for developing sex-specific engineered heart models. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2021; 7:295-313. [PMID: 34691764 PMCID: PMC8527305 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The convergence of tissue engineering and patient-specific stem cell biology has enabled the engineering of in vitro tissue models that allow the study of patient-tailored treatment modalities. However, sex-related disparities in health and disease, from systemic hormonal influences to cellular-level differences, are often overlooked in stem cell biology, tissue engineering and preclinical screening. The cardiovascular system, in particular, shows considerable sex-related differences, which need to be considered in cardiac tissue engineering. In this Review, we analyse sex-related properties of the heart muscle in the context of health and disease, and discuss a framework for including sex-based differences in human cardiac tissue engineering. We highlight how sex-based features can be implemented at the cellular and tissue levels, and how sex-specific cardiac models could advance the study of cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we define design criteria for sex-specific cardiac tissue engineering and provide an outlook to future research possibilities beyond the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Hadel Al Asafen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Sharon Fleischer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Manuel Tamargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
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31
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Schwab N, Leung E, Hazrati LN. Cellular Senescence in Traumatic Brain Injury: Evidence and Perspectives. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:742632. [PMID: 34650425 PMCID: PMC8505896 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.742632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can lead to long-term neurological dysfunction and increase one's risk of neurodegenerative disease. Several repercussions of mTBI have been identified and well-studied, including neuroinflammation, gliosis, microgliosis, excitotoxicity, and proteinopathy – however the pathophysiological mechanisms activating these pathways after mTBI remains controversial and unclear. Emerging research suggests DNA damage-induced cellular senescence as a possible driver of mTBI-related sequalae. Cellular senescence is a state of chronic cell-cycle arrest and inflammation associated with physiological aging, mood disorders, dementia, and various neurodegenerative pathologies. This narrative review evaluates the existing studies which identify DNA damage or cellular senescence after TBI (including mild, moderate, and severe TBI) in both experimental animal models and human studies, and outlines how cellular senescence may functionally explain both the molecular and clinical manifestations of TBI. Studies on this subject clearly show accumulation of various forms of DNA damage (including oxidative damage, single-strand breaks, and double-strand breaks) and senescent cells after TBI, and indicate that cellular senescence may be an early event after TBI. Further studies are required to understand the role of sex, cell-type specific mechanisms, and temporal patterns, as senescence may be a pathway of interest to target for therapeutic purposes including prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schwab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Leung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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32
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Rall-Scharpf M, Friedl TWP, Biechonski S, Denkinger M, Milyavsky M, Wiesmüller L. Sex-specific differences in DNA double-strand break repair of cycling human lymphocytes during aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21066-21089. [PMID: 34506302 PMCID: PMC8457596 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gender gap in life expectancy and cancer incidence suggests differences in the aging process between the sexes. Genomic instability has been recognized as a key factor in aging, but little is known about sex-specific differences. Therefore, we analyzed DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in cycling human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from male and female donors of different age. Reporter-based DSB repair analyses revealed differential regulation of pathway usage in PBL from male and female donors with age: Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) was inversely regulated in men and women; the activity of pathways requiring end processing and strand annealing steps such as microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) declined with age in women but not in men. Screening candidate proteins identified the NHEJ protein KU70 as well as the end resection regulatory factors ATM and BLM showing reduced expression during aging in women. Consistently, the regulatory factor BLM contributed to the MMEJ proficiency in young but not in old women as demonstrated by knockdown analysis. In conclusion, we show that DSB repair is subject to changes upon aging and age-related changes in DSB repair are distinct in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas W P Friedl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shahar Biechonski
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Denkinger
- Institute for Geriatric Research Unit, Agaplesion Bethesda Hospital, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Milyavsky
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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33
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Age and Sex: Impact on adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111563. [PMID: 34474078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age associated chronic inflammation is a major contributor to diseases with advancing age. Adipose tissue function is at the nexus of processes contributing to age-related metabolic disease and mediating longevity. Hormonal fluctuations in aging potentially regulate age-associated visceral adiposity and metabolic dysfunction. Visceral adiposity in aging is linked to aberrant adipogenesis, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity and altered adipokine secretion. Age-related inflammatory phenomena depict sex differences in macrophage polarization, changes in T and B cell numbers, and types of dendritic cells. Sex differences are also observed in adipose tissue remodeling and cellular senescence suggesting a role for sex steroid hormones in the regulation of the adipose tissue microenvironment. It is crucial to investigate sex differences in aging clinical outcomes to identify and better understand physiology in at-risk individuals. Early interventions aimed at targets involved in adipose tissue adipogenesis, remodeling and inflammation in aging could facilitate a profound impact on health span and overcome age-related functional decline.
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34
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Tan Q, Li S, Sørensen M, Nygaard M, Mengel‐From J, Christensen K. Age patterns of intra-pair DNA methylation discordance in twins: Sex difference in epigenomic instability and implication on survival. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13460. [PMID: 34427971 PMCID: PMC8441297 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process linked to specific patterns and changes in the epigenome. We hypothesize that age‐related variation in the DNA methylome could reflect cumulative environmental modulation to the epigenome which could impact epigenomic instability and survival differentially by sex. To test the hypothesis, we performed sex‐stratified epigenome‐wide association studies on age‐related intra‐pair DNA methylation discordance in 492 twins aged 56–80 years. We identified 3084 CpGs showing increased methylation variability with age (FDR < 0.05, 7 CpGs with p < 1e‐07) in male twins but no significant site found in female twins. The results were replicated in an independent cohort of 292 twins aged 30–74 years with 37% of the discovery CpGs successfully replicated in male twins. Functional annotation showed that genes linked to the identified CpGs were significantly enriched in signaling pathways, neurological functions, extracellular matrix assembly, and cancer. We further explored the implication of discovery CpGs on individual survival in an old cohort of 224 twins (220 deceased). In total, 264 CpGs displayed significant association with risk of death in male twins. In female twins, 175 of the male discovery CpGs also showed non‐random correlation with mortality. Intra‐pair comparison showed that majority of the discovery CpGs have higher methylation in the longer‐lived twins suggesting that loss of DNA methylation during aging contributes to increased risk of death which is more pronounced in male twins. In conclusion, age‐related epigenomic instability in the DNA methylome is more evident in males than in females and could impact individual survival and contribute to sex difference in human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Unit of Human Genetics Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Shuxia Li
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Jonas Mengel‐From
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Unit of Human Genetics Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
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35
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Tesi N, van der Lee SJ, Hulsman M, Jansen IE, Stringa N, van Schoor NM, Scheltens P, van der Flier WM, Huisman M, Reinders MJT, Holstege H. Polygenic Risk Score of Longevity Predicts Longer Survival Across an Age Continuum. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:750-759. [PMID: 33216869 PMCID: PMC8087277 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the genome of centenarians may give insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying extreme human longevity and the escape of age-related diseases. Here, we set out to construct polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for longevity and to investigate the functions of longevity-associated variants. Using a cohort of centenarians with maintained cognitive health (N = 343), a population-matched cohort of older adults from 5 cohorts (N = 2905), and summary statistics data from genome-wide association studies on parental longevity, we constructed a PRS including 330 variants that significantly discriminated between centenarians and older adults. This PRS was also associated with longer survival in an independent sample of younger individuals (p = .02), leading up to a 4-year difference in survival based on common genetic factors only. We show that this PRS was, in part, able to compensate for the deleterious effect of the APOE-ε4 allele. Using an integrative framework, we annotated the 330 variants included in this PRS by the genes they associate with. We find that they are enriched with genes associated with cellular differentiation, developmental processes, and cellular response to stress. Together, our results indicate that an extended human life span is, in part, the result of a constellation of variants each exerting small advantageous effects on aging-related biological mechanisms that maintain overall health and decrease the risk of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolo' Tesi
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands.,Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Hulsman
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Iris E Jansen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands.,Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Najada Stringa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
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36
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Palliyaguru DL, Vieira Ligo Teixeira C, Duregon E, di Germanio C, Alfaras I, Mitchell SJ, Navas-Enamorado I, Shiroma EJ, Studenski S, Bernier M, Camandola S, Price NL, Ferrucci L, de Cabo R. Study of Longitudinal Aging in Mice: Presentation of Experimental Techniques. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:552-560. [PMID: 33211821 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with functional and metabolic decline and is a risk factor for all noncommunicable diseases. Even though mice are routinely used for modeling human aging and aging-related conditions, no comprehensive assessment to date has been conducted on normative mouse aging. To address this gap, the Study of Longitudinal Aging in Mice (SLAM) was designed and implemented by the National Institute on Aging (NIA/NIH) as the mouse counterpart to the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). In this manuscript, we describe the premise, study design, methodologies, and technologies currently employed in SLAM. We also discuss current and future study directions. In this large population mouse study, inbred C57BL/6J and outbred UM-HET3 mice of both sexes are longitudinally evaluated for functional, phenotypic, and biological health, and collection of biospecimens is conducted throughout their life span. Within the longitudinal cohorts, a cross-sectional arm of the study has also been implemented for the well-controlled collection of tissues to generate a biorepository. SLAM and studies stemming from SLAM seek to identify and characterize phenotypic and biological predictors of mouse aging and age-associated conditions, examine the degrees of functional and biomolecular variability that occur within inbred and genetically heterogeneous mouse populations with age, and assess whether these changes are consistent with alterations observed in human aging in BLSA. The findings from these studies will be critical for evaluating the utility of mouse models for studying different aspects of aging, both in terms of interpreting prior findings and designing and implementing future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushani L Palliyaguru
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Camila Vieira Ligo Teixeira
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Clara di Germanio
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Irene Alfaras
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ignacio Navas-Enamorado
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric J Shiroma
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie Studenski
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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37
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Oblak L, van der Zaag J, Higgins-Chen AT, Levine ME, Boks MP. A systematic review of biological, social and environmental factors associated with epigenetic clock acceleration. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 69:101348. [PMID: 33930583 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging involves a diverse set of biological changes accumulating over time that leads to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Epigenetic clocks are now widely used to quantify biological aging, in order to investigate determinants that modify the rate of aging and to predict age-related outcomes. Numerous biological, social and environmental factors have been investigated for their relationship to epigenetic clock acceleration and deceleration. The aim of this review was to synthesize general trends concerning the associations between human epigenetic clocks and these investigated factors. We conducted a systematic review of all available literature and included 156 publications across 4 resource databases. We compiled a list of all presently existing blood-based epigenetic clocks. Subsequently, we created an extensive dataset of over 1300 study findings in which epigenetic clocks were utilized in blood tissue of human subjects to assess the relationship between these clocks and numeral environmental exposures and human traits. Statistical analysis was possible on 57 such relationships, measured across 4 different epigenetic clocks (Hannum, Horvath, Levine and GrimAge). We found that the Horvath, Hannum, Levine and GrimAge epigenetic clocks tend to agree in direction of effects, but vary in size. Body mass index, HIV infection, and male sex were significantly associated with acceleration of one or more epigenetic clocks. Acceleration of epigenetic clocks was also significantly related to mortality, cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Our findings provide a graphical and numerical synopsis of the past decade of epigenetic age estimation research and indicate areas where further attention could be focused in the coming years.
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38
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Kane AE, Howlett SE. Sex differences in frailty: Comparisons between humans and preclinical models. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111546. [PMID: 34324923 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Frailty can be viewed as a state of physiological decline that increases susceptibility to adverse health outcomes. This loss of physiological reserve means that even small stressors can lead to disability and death in frail individuals. Frailty can be measured with various clinical tools; the two most popular are the frailty index and the frailty phenotype. Clinical studies have used these tools to show that women are frailer than men even though they have longer lifespans. Still, factors responsible for this frailty-mortality paradox are not well understood. This review highlights evidence for male-female differences in frailty from both the clinical literature and in animal models of frailty. We review evidence for higher frailty levels in female animals as seen in many preclinical models. Mechanisms that may contribute to sex differences in frailty are highlighted. In addition, we review work that suggests frailty may play a role in susceptibility to chronic diseases of aging in a sex-specific fashion. Additional mechanistic studies in preclinical models are needed to understand factors involved in male-female differences in frailty in late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Kane
- Blavatnik Institute, Dept. of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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39
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Podgórski P, Waliszewska-Prosół M, Zimny A, Sąsiadek M, Bladowska J. Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Ageing Female Brain-Differences Between Young and Elderly Female Adults on Multislice Short TR rs-fMRI. Front Neurol 2021; 12:645974. [PMID: 34322076 PMCID: PMC8311596 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.645974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Age-related brain changes are one of the most important world health problems due to the rising lifespan and size of the elderly populations. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of ageing in women on coordinated brain activity between eight resting-state networks. Material and Methods: The study group comprised 60 healthy female volunteers who were divided into two age groups: younger women (aged 20–30 n = 30) and older women (aged 55–80 n = 30). Resting-state data were collected during a 15 min scan in the eyes-closed condition using a 3T MR scanner. Data were preprocessed and analysed using the CONN toolbox version 19.c. The large-scale network analysis included a priori selected regions of interest of the default mode, the sensorimotor, the visual, the salience, the dorsal attention, the fronto-parietal, the language, and the cerebellar network. Results: Within the visual, the default mode, the salience, and the sensorimotor network, the intra-network resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) was significantly higher with increasing age. There was also a significant increase in the inter-network RSFC in older females compared to young females found in the following networks: sensorimotor lateral and salience, salience and language, salience and fronto-parietal, cerebellar anterior and default mode, cerebellar posterior and default mode, visual and sensorimotor lateral, visual and sensorimotor, visual lateral and default mode, language and cerebellar anterior, language and cerebellar posterior, fronto-parietal and cerebellar anterior, dorsal attention and sensorimotor, dorsal attention and default mode, sensorimotor superior, and salience. Compared to young females, elderly women presented bilaterally significantly lower inter-network RSFC of the salience supramarginal gyrus and cerebellar posterior, sensorimotor lateral, and cerebellar anterior network, and sensorimotor lateral and cerebellar posterior as well as sensorimotor superior and cerebellar posterior network. Conclusion: Increased RSFC between some brain networks including the visual, the default mode, the salience, the sensorimotor, the language, the fronto-parietal, the dorsal attention, and the cerebellar networks in elderly females may function as a compensation mechanism during the ageing process of the brain. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the importance of increase of cerebellar networks RSFC during healthy female ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Podgórski
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Anna Zimny
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Sąsiadek
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Bladowska
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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40
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Hägg S, Jylhävä J. Sex differences in biological aging with a focus on human studies. eLife 2021; 10:e63425. [PMID: 33982659 PMCID: PMC8118651 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by hallmark features accumulating over the life course, shaping the individual's aging trajectory and subsequent disease risks. There is substantial individual variability in the aging process between men and women. In general, women live longer than men, consistent with lower biological ages as assessed by molecular biomarkers, but there is a paradox. Women are frailer and have worse health at the end of life, while men still perform better in physical function examinations. Moreover, many age-related diseases show sex-specific patterns. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on sexual dimorphism in human studies, with support from animal research, on biological aging and illnesses. We also attempt to place it in the context of the theories of aging, as well as discuss the explanations for the sex differences, for example, the sex-chromosome linked mechanisms and hormonally driven differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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41
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Noninvasive Analysis Using Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry: New Epidermal Proteins That Reveal Sex Differences in the Aging Process. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8849328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of mass spectrometry has provided a method with extremely high sensitivity and selectivity that can be used to identify protein biomarkers. Epidermal proteins, lipids, and cornified envelopes are involved in the formation of the skin epidermal barrier. The epidermal protein composition changes with age. Therefore, quantitative proteomic changes may be indicative of skin aging. We sought to utilize data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry for noninvasive analysis of epidermal proteins in healthy Chinese individuals of different age groups and sexes. In our study, we completed high-throughput protein detection, analyzed protein differences with MaxQuant software, and performed statistical analyses of the proteome. We obtained interesting findings regarding ceruloplasmin (CP), which exhibited significant differences and is involved in ferroptosis, a signaling pathway significantly associated with aging. There were also several proteins that differed between sexes in the younger group, but the sex differences disappeared with aging. These proteins, which were associated with both aging processes and sex differences, are involved in signaling pathways such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, and genomic stability and can serve as candidate biomarkers for sex differences during aging. Our approach for noninvasive detection of epidermal proteins and its application to accurately quantify protein expression can provide ideas for future epidermal proteomics studies.
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42
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Accelerated brain aging predicts impulsivity and symptom severity in depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:911-919. [PMID: 33495545 PMCID: PMC8115107 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-00967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Multiple structural and functional neuroimaging measures vary over the course of the lifespan and can be used to predict chronological age. Accelerated brain aging, as quantified by deviations in the MRI-based predicted age with respect to chronological age, is associated with risk for neurodegenerative conditions, bipolar disorder, and mortality. Whether age-related changes in resting-state functional connectivity are accelerated in major depressive disorder (MDD) is unknown, and, if so, it is unclear if these changes contribute to specific cognitive weaknesses that often occur in MDD. Here, we delineated age-related functional connectivity changes in a large sample of normal control subjects and tested whether brain aging is accelerated in MDD. Furthermore, we tested whether accelerated brain aging predicts individual differences in cognitive function. We trained a support vector regression model predicting age using resting-state functional connectivity in 710 healthy adults aged 18-89. We applied this model trained on normal aging subjects to a sample of actively depressed MDD participants (n = 109). The difference between predicted brain age and chronological age was 2.11 years greater (p = 0.015) in MDD patients compared to control participants. An older MDD brain age was significantly associated with increased impulsivity and, in males, increased depressive severity. Unexpectedly, accelerated brain aging was also associated with increased placebo response in a sham-controlled trial of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation targeting the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Our results indicate that MDD is associated with accelerated brain aging, and that accelerated aging is selectively associated with greater impulsivity and depression severity.
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Kowalec K, Lu Y, Song J, Dalman C, Hultman CM, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, Sullivan PF. The association between family history and genomic burden with schizophrenia mortality: a Swedish population-based register and genetic sample study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:163. [PMID: 33723211 PMCID: PMC7960991 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) have a 2-3-fold higher risk of mortality than the general population. Heritability of mortality in psychiatric disorders has been proposed; however, few have investigated SCZ family history and genetic variation, with all-cause and specific causes of death. We aimed to identify correlates of SCZ mortality using genetic epidemiological and genetic modelling in two samples: a Swedish national population sample and a genotyped subsample. In the Swedish national population sample followed from the first SCZ treatment contact until emigration, death or end of the follow-up, we investigated a standardised measure of SCZ family history. In a subgroup with comprehensive genetic data, we investigated the impact of common and rare genetic variation. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the association between various factors and mortality (all and specific causes). A total of 13727 SCZ cases fulfilled criteria for the population-based analyses (1268 deaths, 9.2%). The genomic subset contained 4991 cases (1353 deaths, 27.1%). Somatic mutations associated with clonal hematopoiesis with unknown drivers were associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.77, 95% CI: 1.26-2.49). No other heritable measures were associated with all-cause mortality nor with any specific causes of death. Future studies in larger, comparable cohorts are warranted to further understand the association between hereditary measures and mortality in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaarina Kowalec
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN, Canada.
| | - Yi Lu
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jie Song
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Dalman
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Global Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina M. Hultman
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.416167.3Icahn School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Mt Sinai Hospital, New York, NY USA
| | - Henrik Larsson
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.15895.300000 0001 0738 8966School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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44
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Tanaka Y, Furuta M. Biological effects of low-dose γ-ray irradiation on chromosomes and DNA of Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:1-11. [PMID: 33290547 PMCID: PMC7779362 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While the damage to chromosomes and genes induced by high-dose radiation (HDR) has been well researched in many organisms, the effects of low-dose radiation (LDR), defined as a radiation dose of ≤100 mSv, are still being debated. Recent research has suggested that the biological effects of LDR differ from those observed in HDR. To detect the effect of LDR on genes, we selected a gene of Drosophila melanogaster, known as the multiple wing hair (mwh) gene. The hatched heterozygous larvae with genotype mwh/+ were irradiated by γ-rays of a 60Co source. After eclosion, the wing hairs of the heterozygous flies were observed. The area of only one or two mwh cells (small spot) and that of more than three mwh cells (large spot) were counted. The ratio of the two kinds of spots were compared between groups irradiated by different doses including a non-irradiated control group. For the small spot in females, the eruption frequency increased in the groups irradiated with 20-75 mGy, indicating hypersensitivity (HRS) to LDR, while in the groups irradiated with 200 and 300 mGy, the frequency decreased, indicating induced radioresistance (IRR), while in males, 50 and 100 mGy conferred HRS and 75 and 200 mGy conferred IRR. For the large spot in females, 75 mGy conferred HRS and 100-800 mGy conferred IRR. In conclusion, HRS and IRR to LDR was found in Drosophila wing cells by delimiting the dose of γ-rays finely, except in the male large spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Tanaka
- Corresponding author. Radiation Biology and Molecular Genetics, Division of Quantum Radiation, Faculty of Technology and Biology and Cultural Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan. Tel: 81-72-254-9750;
| | - Masakazu Furuta
- Radiation Biology and Molecular Genetics, Division of Quantum Radiation, Faculty of Technology and Department of Radiation Research Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai 591-8531, Japan
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45
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So EY, Jeong EM, Wu KQ, Dubielecka PM, Reginato AM, Quesenberry PJ, Liang OD. Sexual dimorphism in aging hematopoiesis: an earlier decline of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in male than female mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25939-25955. [PMID: 33378745 PMCID: PMC7803521 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM) ensuring homeostasis of blood production and immune response throughout life. Sex differences in immunocompetence and mortality are well-documented in humans. However, whether HSPCs behave dimorphically between sexes during aging remains unknown. Here, we show that a significant expansion of BM-derived HSPCs occurs in the middle age of female but in the old age of male mice. We then show that a decline of HSPCs in male mice, as indicated by the expression levels of select hematopoietic genes, occurs much earlier in the aging process than that in female mice. Sex-mismatched heterochronic BM transplantations indicate that the middle-aged female BM microenvironment plays a pivotal role in sustaining hematopoietic gene expression during aging. Furthermore, a higher concentration of the pituitary sex hormone follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the serum and a concomitant higher expression of its receptor on HSPCs in the middle-aged and old female mice than age-matched male mice, suggests that FSH may contribute to the sexual dimorphism in aging hematopoiesis. Our study reveals that HSPCs in the BM niches are possibly regulated in a sex-specific manner and influenced differently by sex hormones during aging hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Young So
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Euy-Myoung Jeong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Keith Q Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Patrycja M Dubielecka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Anthony M Reginato
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Peter J Quesenberry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Olin D Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
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46
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Sathyan S, Ayers E, Gao T, Weiss EF, Milman S, Verghese J, Barzilai N. Plasma proteomic profile of age, health span, and all-cause mortality in older adults. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13250. [PMID: 33089916 PMCID: PMC7681045 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex trait characterized by a diverse spectrum of endophenotypes. By utilizing the SomaScan® proteomic platform in 1,025 participants of the LonGenity cohort (age range: 65–95, 55.7% females), we found that 754 of 4,265 proteins were associated with chronological age. Pleiotrophin (PTN; β[SE] = 0.0262 [0.0012]; p = 3.21 × 10−86), WNT1‐inducible‐signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP‐2; β[SE] = 0.0189 [0.0009]; p = 4.60 × 10−82), chordin‐like protein 1 (CRDL1; β[SE] = 0.0203[0.0010]; p = 1.45 × 10−77), transgelin (TAGL; β[SE] = 0.0215 [0.0011]; p = 9.70 × 10−71), and R‐spondin‐1(RSPO1; β[SE] = 0.0208 [0.0011]; p = 1.09 × 10−70), were the proteins most significantly associated with age. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis identified two of nine modules (clusters of highly correlated proteins) to be significantly associated with chronological age and demonstrated that the biology of aging overlapped with complex age‐associated diseases and other age‐related traits. The correlation between proteomic age prediction based on elastic net regression and chronological age was 0.8 (p < 2.2E−16). Pathway analysis showed that inflammatory response, organismal injury and abnormalities, cell and organismal survival, and death pathways were associated with aging. The present study made novel associations between a number of proteins and aging, constructed a proteomic age model that predicted mortality, and suggested possible proteomic signatures possessed by a cohort enriched for familial exceptional longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanish Sathyan
- Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Emmeline Ayers
- Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Tina Gao
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Erica F. Weiss
- Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
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47
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Credendino SC, Neumayer C, Cantone I. Genetics and Epigenetics of Sex Bias: Insights from Human Cancer and Autoimmunity. Trends Genet 2020; 36:650-663. [PMID: 32736810 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing and genome-wide association studies have revealed a sex bias in human diseases. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain, however, unknown. Here, we cover recent advances in cancer and autoimmunity focusing on intrinsic genetic and epigenetic differences underlying sex biases in human disease. These studies reveal a central role of genome regulatory mechanisms including genome repair, chromosome folding, and epigenetic regulation in dictating the sex bias. These highlight the importance of considering sex as a variable in both basic science and clinical investigations. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying sex bias in human diseases will be instrumental in making a first step forwards into the era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carmela Credendino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Cantone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore', National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
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48
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Womack JA, Justice AC. The OATH Syndemic: opioids and other substances, aging, alcohol, tobacco, and HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2020; 15:218-225. [PMID: 32487817 PMCID: PMC7422477 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Persons living with HIV (PLWH) are aging, continue to use alcohol and other substances, and experience age-associated adverse effects. We explore a new syndemic: OATH (opioids and other substances, aging, alcohol, tobacco, and HIV). RECENT FINDINGS Frailty and falls are important problems that affect the health status of PLWH who continue to use alcohol and other substances. HIV, alcohol and other substance use, and aging each contributes to inflammaging. Multimorbidity and polypharmacy are also important pathways as alcohol and other substances interact with prescribed medications resulting in adverse-drug interactions leading to potentially serious consequences. Social conditions including racism, poverty, sex bias, stress, and stigma contribute to the existence and persistence of this syndemic. SUMMARY Substance use, HIV, and aging are linked in a new syndemic (OATH) that drives age-related outcomes such as frailty and falls. We need to expand our understanding of the 'healthcare team' so that we include social and political advocates who can support necessary structural change. Treatment of substance use should be better incorporated into the management of HIV, including a focus on potential medication/substance interactions. Finally, we need to explore treatment of frailty rather than individual manifestations of frailty (e.g., atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Womack
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
- Yale School of Nursing, Orange, CT
| | - Amy C. Justice
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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49
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Çubuk C, Can FE, Peña-Chilet M, Dopazo J. Mechanistic Models of Signaling Pathways Reveal the Drug Action Mechanisms behind Gender-Specific Gene Expression for Cancer Treatments. Cells 2020; 9:E1579. [PMID: 32610626 PMCID: PMC7408716 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of differences in gene expression across numerous genes between males and females having been known for a long time, these have been mostly ignored in many studies, including drug development and its therapeutic use. In fact, the consequences of such differences over the disease mechanisms or the drug action mechanisms are completely unknown. Here we applied mechanistic mathematical models of signaling activity to reveal the ultimate functional consequences that gender-specific gene expression activities have over cell functionality and fate. Moreover, we also used the mechanistic modeling framework to simulate the drug interventions and unravel how drug action mechanisms are affected by gender-specific differential gene expression. Interestingly, some cancers have many biological processes significantly affected by these gender-specific differences (e.g., bladder or head and neck carcinomas), while others (e.g., glioblastoma or rectum cancer) are almost insensitive to them. We found that many of these gender-specific differences affect cancer-specific pathways or in physiological signaling pathways, also involved in cancer origin and development. Finally, mechanistic models have the potential to be used for finding alternative therapeutic interventions on the pathways targeted by the drug, which lead to similar results compensating the downstream consequences of gender-specific differences in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cankut Çubuk
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.Ç.); (F.E.C.); (M.P.-C.)
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Fatma E. Can
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.Ç.); (F.E.C.); (M.P.-C.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620 Balatçık, Turkey
| | - María Peña-Chilet
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.Ç.); (F.E.C.); (M.P.-C.)
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.Ç.); (F.E.C.); (M.P.-C.)
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- FPS-ELIXIR-ES, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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50
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Cawthon RM, Meeks HD, Sasani TA, Smith KR, Kerber RA, O'Brien E, Baird L, Dixon MM, Peiffer AP, Leppert MF, Quinlan AR, Jorde LB. Germline mutation rates in young adults predict longevity and reproductive lifespan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10001. [PMID: 32561805 PMCID: PMC7305191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing may be due to mutation accumulation across the lifespan, leading to tissue dysfunction, disease, and death. We tested whether germline autosomal mutation rates in young adults predict their remaining survival, and, for women, their reproductive lifespans. Age-adjusted mutation rates (AAMRs) in 61 women and 61 men from the Utah CEPH (Centre d’Etude du Polymorphisme Humain) families were determined. Age at death, cause of death, all-site cancer incidence, and reproductive histories were provided by the Utah Population Database, Utah Cancer Registry, and Utah Genetic Reference Project. Higher AAMRs were significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality in both sexes combined. Subjects in the top quartile of AAMRs experienced more than twice the mortality of bottom quartile subjects (hazard ratio [HR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–3.56; p = 0.008; median survival difference = 4.7 years). Fertility analyses were restricted to women whose age at last birth (ALB) was ≥ 30 years, the age when fertility begins to decline. Women with higher AAMRs had significantly fewer live births and a younger ALB. Adult germline mutation accumulation rates are established in adolescence, and later menarche in women is associated with delayed mutation accumulation. We conclude that germline mutation rates in healthy young adults may provide a measure of both reproductive and systemic ageing. Puberty may induce the establishment of adult mutation accumulation rates, just when DNA repair systems begin their lifelong decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Cawthon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Huong D Meeks
- Population Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Thomas A Sasani
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ken R Smith
- Population Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Richard A Kerber
- Department of Health Management & Systems Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Elizabeth O'Brien
- Department of Health Management & Systems Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Lisa Baird
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Melissa M Dixon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Andreas P Peiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mark F Leppert
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Aaron R Quinlan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,USTAR Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Lynn B Jorde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,USTAR Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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