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Wang P, Tao C. The influence of intergenerational support on cognitive functioning among middle-aged Chinese: Moderation by personal income. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 122:105393. [PMID: 38452651 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of personal income on the relationship between intergenerational support (IS) and cognitive functioning. METHODS Data were obtained from four waves of nationally representative surveys of the 2011-2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), involving 8,207 participants aged 45 ∼ 60 at baseline. Multivariate linear regression models using generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the effects of three forms of intergenerational mutual supports on cognitive functioning in middle-aged adults, and subgroup regressions were used to analyze the moderating role of personal income in this relationship. RESULTS The results showed that financial and caregiving support from children impaired the cognitive functioning of their parents; whereas providing financial support to children and mutual emotional support with them positively affected their cognition; however, childcare was not significantly associated with cognitive levels in middle-aged adults. Moreover, the effect of IS on the cognitive level of Chinese middle-aged people disappeared or was attenuated by having pensions or earning their own post-tax income. CONCLUSION IS has a significant effect on cognitive functioning in middle-aged adults, but this effect is moderated by personal income. These results are informative for the development of intergenerational relationship intervention programs for the prevention of cognitive decline in middle-aged adults with different personal income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Chunhai Tao
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China.
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Ki M, Lapierre S, Gim B, Hwang M, Kang M, Dargis L, Jung M, Koh EJ, Mishara B. A systematic review of psychosocial protective factors against suicide and suicidality among older adults. Int Psychogeriatr 2024; 36:346-370. [PMID: 38305360 DOI: 10.1017/s104161022300443x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on suicide rarely focuses on protective factors. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the evidence of the associations between protective factors and reduced suicidality among older adults. METHOD First, a scoping review was conducted to identify pertinent terms that refer to various protective factors against suicidality. A systematic review, following the PRISMA guidelines, was then conducted on a selection of 15 protective factors (e.g., perceived control, well-being and quality of life, life satisfaction, purpose-in-life, resilience, coping, religiosity, hope, self-regulation, sense of belonging, mattering, positive relationship, social support, social connectedness, and social participation), with separate searches performed on each factor in five databases. Empirical studies were eligible if participants were adults aged 60 years and over, and if the studies reported predictive statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 70 studies were retained for the review. Suicidal ideation was the main outcome measure (91%). Significant associations were consistently observed between all protective factors and reduced suicidal ideations or behaviors, particularly for purpose-in-life, resilience, and positive relationships, indicating that these are solid components for suicide prevention. Using scales, instead of a single item, to measure protective factors (e.g. life satisfaction) was more efficient to capture the associations. On the other hand, results were similar whether studies used subjective (e.g., sense of belonging) or objective (e.g., social connectedness) measures. CONCLUSION Protective factors were inversely associated with suicidal ideation. Improving protective factors is essential for the development of late-life suicide prevention and interventions, instead of merely focusing on risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Ki
- Department of Public Health, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Four Research and Education Center, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sylvie Lapierre
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
- Centre for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End of Life Practices, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Boeun Gim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minji Hwang
- Department of Public Health, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Four Research and Education Center, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minku Kang
- Department of Public Health, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Luc Dargis
- Centre for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End of Life Practices, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Myoungjee Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Emily Jiali Koh
- Department of Public Health, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Brian Mishara
- Centre for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End of Life Practices, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Naeem T, Ghayas S, Haider Khan A. Construction and Validation of the Belief in Divine Retribution Scale for Pakistani Muslims. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-023-01997-z. [PMID: 38581542 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to construct and validate a Belief in Divine Retribution Scale for the Pakistani Muslim population. The process of construction and validation was completed by following standardized guidelines for scale construction (Boateng et al., 2018). The present study was carried out in four phases. In phase I, the task of item generation was completed through literature review and interviews (inductive and deductive approaches). Phase II aimed at exploration of factor structure. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out on a sample of seven hundred Muslim participants. Data for EFA were collected through a purposive sampling technique, which comprised both men (n = 339) and women (n = 361) with an age range of 18 to 69 years. Results of EFA revealed a two-factor structure with a cumulative variance of 42.59 and with a Cronbach alpha reliability of .83. To confirm the obtained factor structure, Phase III was carried out on a sample of three hundred Muslim participants. The results of CFA confirmed the two-dimensional factor structure with a good model fit to the data. Phase IV provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity of the scale. Moreover, data for validation were collected from an independent sample (N = 204). Finally, the results of validation revealed that there exists a significant positive correlation of Belief in Divine Retribution Scale with Belief in Just World Scale, which provided evidence of convergent validity. However, there exists a non-significant correlation of Belief in Divine Retribution Scale with Religious Practice Subscale of Short Muslim Practice and Belief Scale, and it provided evidence of discriminant validity. Implications along with limitations and suggestions for future research have also been mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taram Naeem
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Saba Ghayas
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Haider Khan
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Directorate of Education, Sargodha Division, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Peng C, Yuan Y, Burr JA, Mutchler JE, Song Q, Lapane KL. Social Contact, Social Participation, and Emotional Well-Being Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Giving and Receiving Social Support. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024; 98:373-394. [PMID: 37735920 DOI: 10.1177/00914150231202396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether social contact, social participation, and social support during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with depression and anxiety. Data were taken from the 2020 COVID-19 Supplement of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (N = 2,778). Depression and anxiety were regressed on social contact frequency, social participation, and social support. Path analyses were also performed. The results showed that in-person contact was related to lower levels of depression, while in-person contact and attending religious services were related to lower levels of anxiety. Giving and receiving support were associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety. Giving support mediated the link between virtual contact, volunteering, and depression, while receiving support mediated the link between virtual contact and depression. Receiving and giving support mediated the association between virtual social contact, volunteering, and anxiety. During the pandemic, being socially connected provided some benefits in terms of emotional well-being, but in some cases being socially connected did not provide salubrious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Peng
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Public and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yiyang Yuan
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Burr
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Public and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan E Mutchler
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Public and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Song
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Public and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate L Lapane
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Li X, Yin Y, Zhang H. Nonlinear association between self-reported sleep duration and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in China: The moderating effect of informal care. Sleep Med 2024; 115:226-234. [PMID: 38377839 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a major public health problem urgently to be solved. This study aims to examine the association between sleep duration and cognitive function and its two subdimensions: episodic memory and mental status, and to explore the moderating effects of informal care on these associations among middle-aged and older adults in China. METHODS Data was drawn from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018 datasets. Sleep duration and informal care were self-reported. Cognitive function was measured using CHARLS Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol. Effects of informal care on sleep duration-cognitive function were assessed using Generalized Estimating Equations models. RESULTS The relationships between sleep duration and cognitive function, episodic memory, and mental status were all found to follow an inverted U-shaped pattern. Spouse care weakened the adverse effects of extreme sleep duration on cognitive function while the children care amplified them. Further, we only observed the moderating effects of spouse and children care on the association between sleep duration and episodic memory, but not mental status. CONCLUSIONS The relationships between sleep duration and cognitive function, along with its different dimensions, are nonlinear in nature. The impacts of sleep duration on cognitive function and its dimensions are contingent upon the levels of informal care received and the sources of that care. We provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between sleep duration, informal care, and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhu Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yujie Yin
- Department of Management, Marketing and Information Systems, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Homan KJ, Kong J. Sibling support exchange in late adulthood moderates the long-term impact of childhood neglect on psychological outcomes. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:45-53. [PMID: 37158756 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2208082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Sibling relationships are often the longest-lasting and serve as a source of support and comfort for many older adults. The current study examined the moderating effect of sibling support exchange in the association between childhood maltreatment and mental health outcomes.Method: Using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), we analyzed a sample of older adults whose selected sibling was alive across the three data collections (baseline N = 4,041). Longitudinal multilevel regression models were estimated.Results: Key results showed that a history of neglect was associated with decreased psychological well-being, and all three forms of childhood maltreatment were related to increased depressive symptoms. We also found that sibling support exchange mitigated the negative mental health effects of childhood neglect.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that siblings may be uniquely positioned to support older adults who grew up in a neglectful family environment. Older adults may be encouraged to promote resilience by strengthening their sibling relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Homan
- Department of Psychology, Grove City College, Grove City, PA, USA
| | - Jooyoung Kong
- School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Min SH, Lee C, Scroggins JK, Yang Q. Transitions in Social Networks From Young-Old to Old-Old Stage of Life Using Latent Transition Analysis. J Aging Health 2024; 36:110-119. [PMID: 37207348 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231177400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to identify the different types of social networks among young-old adults, and to examine the transitions in social networks as they become old-old adults. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis using the longitudinal data (N = 1092) from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify optimal number of classes and latent transition analysis was conducted to examine the transition probabilities. Results: Young-old adults in Class 1: family-oriented, social (close, external) transitioned into Class 2: family-oriented, non-social over time. In contrast, young-old adults in Class 2: family-oriented, non-social and Class 3: less family-oriented, social (close) were less likely to transition to another class. Conclusion: Older adults engaged in less social activities over time. Older adults should be encouraged to continue their social engagement with close social network of friends and relatives, and to maintain their relationship with family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Min
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiyoung Lee
- School of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA
| | | | - Qing Yang
- School of Nursing, Duke University Durham, Durham, NC, USA
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Harutyunyan T, Giloyan A, Petrosyan V. Health-Related Quality of Life after Cataract Surgery in Armenia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2429. [PMID: 37685463 PMCID: PMC10487762 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataract surgery helps to enhance visual function and improve the quality of life of cataract patients. The present study assessed visual outcomes and explored health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and factors associated with it following cataract surgery in Armenia. An interviewer-administered survey along with the ophthalmologic examination was conducted among 248 patients. It explored socio-demographic characteristics, use of eye care services, smoking status, comorbidities, and receiving and giving social support. A Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to measure HRQoL. Simple and multivariable linear regression was used for the analysis. About 72.8% of examined eyes had good visual outcomes, while 17.7% had borderline outcomes. Poor visual outcomes were detected in 9.5% of the eyes. The mean composite SF-36 score for physical health was 50.8, while the mean composite score for mental health was 49.9. Gender, socioeconomic status, having a non-communicable disease, and receiving and giving tangible social support were significantly associated with SF-36 physical component in the adjusted analysis, while the variables which demonstrated significant association with the mental component included socioeconomic status, having a non-communicable disease, and giving tangible support. The visual outcome after cataract surgery in Armenian patients is below WHO-recommended standards. The quality of ophthalmological surgical care should be monitored to maximize the visual outcome in Armenian patients, with a focus on women, patients with poor socioeconomic status, and those with non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsovinar Harutyunyan
- Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, Yerevan 0019, Armenia; (A.G.); (V.P.)
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Abe N, Oe N, Tadaka E, Ojima T. Factors related to subjective well-being among community-dwelling older adults living alone: A stratified analysis by sex and marital status from the JAGES. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289571. [PMID: 37607183 PMCID: PMC10443856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous cross-sectional studies suggest that negative health outcomes such as mortality, social isolation, loneliness, and depression among older adults living alone vary by sex and marital status, with men often worse off than women and unmarried people worse off than married people. However, limited evidence exists from longitudinal studies regarding whether positive health outcomes such as subjective well-being (SWB) also vary by sex and marital status. The focus by sex and marital status on the positive health outcomes and diverse profiles of older adults living alone is important for public health in the near future. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify changes in SWB over time and its associated factors by sex and marital status among older adults living alone in the community using a longitudinal study in a representative population. METHODS This was a longitudinal study using data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. This study is the first to reveal differences in SWB and related factors over 3 years among older adults living alone in the community (n = 8,579) who were stratified by sex and marital status (married men, non-married men, married women, and non-married women). RESULTS Women moved to higher levels of SWB than did men, and married individuals moved to higher levels of SWB than did unmarried individuals. Independent functioning factors and interpersonal factors were significantly associated with SWB for married men and married women, but for unmarried women, the association by interpersonal factors was more pronounced, and for unmarried men, only limited emotional support and health promotion activities were significant among the interpersonal factors. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that among older adults living alone, changes in SWB over time and the independent functioning factors and interpersonal factors associated with this change varied by sex and marital status among older people living alone. These findings are useful for policy-making and guiding intervention activities to promote SWB in a society in which the environment for older adults living alone is changing dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Abe
- Sapporo City Public Health Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nanami Oe
- Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Community and Public Health Nursing, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tadaka
- Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Community and Public Health Nursing, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health & Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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Łyś AE, Huflejt-Łukasik M, Gambin M, Studzińska A, Bargiel-Matusiewicz K, Oleksy T, Wnuk A, Pankowski D. Predictors of pretraumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290151. [PMID: 37594938 PMCID: PMC10437860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pretraumatic stress has the same symptoms as post-traumatic stress but instead pertains to anticipated threats. There is evidence that pretraumatic stress occurs among soldiers and pregnant people. OBJECTIVE We analyzed correlates of pretraumatic stress concerning the threat of COVID-19 infection. METHOD Our pilot study was cross-sectional (N = 74); our main study was longitudinal and consisted of three waves (N = 1067, N = 894, and N = 752 for Waves 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Our pilot study used correlation and multiple linear regression. Our main study used quadratic regression and a random intercept cross-lagged panel model. RESULTS The pilot study found that pretraumatic stress was positively correlated with agreeableness (r = .24, p < .01) and negatively correlated with emotional stability (r = -.30, p < .01) and intellect/imagination (r = -.37, p < .01). The main study demonstrated that pretraumatic stress was positively correlated with other measures of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic and with perceived positive aspects of the pandemic (r = .11, p < .01). There is evidence of a U-shaped relationship between pretraumatic stress and perceived positive aspects of the pandemic. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model analysis demonstrated that pretraumatic stress in Wave 2 was negatively predicted by levels of prosocial behavior in Wave 1 (B = -1.130, p < .01). CONCLUSION Mental health professionals should take into account pretraumatic stress, not only as a possible consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak but more generally as a risk in situations that are new, difficult, and challenging for people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka E. Łyś
- Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Studzińska
- Toulouse Campus, Icam School of Engineering, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Tomasz Oleksy
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wnuk
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Pankowski
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Lee CC, Huang RY, Wu YL, Yeh WC, Chang HC. The Impact of Living Arrangements and Social Capital on the Well-Being of the Elderly. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2050. [PMID: 37510491 PMCID: PMC10379188 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the impact of living arrangements and social capital on the subjective well-being of the elderly, as well as the mutual effects and relationships between the well-being and self-rated health status of the elderly. A total of 369 questionnaires were administered, and the effective recovery rate was 98.10%. The results indicate three key findings: (1) the current location for aging in place, social support, social activities, house ownership, and self-rated health status are indispensable factors affecting the well-being of the elderly. The best location for aging in place was the community, where the elderly's sense of well-being was highest-the next best options were aging at home and institutional care. (2) Elderly people with sole ownership of their homes were more likely to have higher levels of well-being than those owning jointly or who were tenants. (3) There was significant interaction between subjective well-being and self-rated health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chang Lee
- Department of Real Estate Management, National Pingtung University, Pingtung City 912301, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Yu Huang
- Department of Real Estate Management, National Pingtung University, Pingtung City 912301, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ling Wu
- Department of Real Estate Management, National Pingtung University, Pingtung City 912301, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Yeh
- Department of Real Estate Management, HungKuo Delin University of Technology, New Taipei City 236354, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chung Chang
- Department of Business Administration, Chihlee University of Technology, New Taipei City 220305, Taiwan
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Nilaweera D, Gurvich C, Freak-Poli R, Woods R, Owen A, Murray A, Orchard SG, Britt C, Wu Z, McNeil J, Ryan J. Adverse events in older adults and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 13:100592. [PMID: 37475782 PMCID: PMC10357969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests that stress could be a risk factor for dementia but this might vary by gender. This study investigated whether adverse life events were associated with cognitive decline and dementia in later-life, separately in men and women. Methods Participants were 12,789 community-dwelling Australians aged ≥ 70 years. Ten common adverse events in later-life were self-reported. Cognitive decline was defined as a 1.5 SD decline from participants' baseline score in tests of global cognition, psychomotor speed, episodic memory, and executive functioning, which were assessed regularly over a maximum of 10.3 years. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Results An increased risk of dementia was observed in participants who experienced the death of a spouse/partner (HR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.17 - 2.52) and for individuals who experienced major financial problems (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.05 - 2.23). The latter also increased the risk of cognitive decline in men specifically (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.10 - 1.86). In contrast, some events for women were associated with a reduced risk of dementia (e.g. close family or friends lost their job/retired (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40-0.95)). Limitations Events including major money problems may result from prodromal dementia symptoms, thus reverse causation needs to be considered. Conclusions Adverse life events may influence dementia risk in older adults, but associations vary depending on the nature of the event, and across genders. These findings support the need for early interventions in older people who have experienced adversities, particularly for the death of a loved one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinuli Nilaweera
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Caroline Gurvich
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosanne Freak-Poli
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Robyn Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Alice Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Anne Murray
- Berman Centre for Outcomes and Clinical Research, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Suzanne G. Orchard
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Carlene Britt
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Zimu Wu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - John McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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Moorman SM. Age integration in the social convoys of young and late midlife adults. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2023; 56:100540. [PMID: 38054881 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Homophily on the basis of age is a notable characteristic of social convoys across the life course. Ties to older and younger persons, therefore, are both unusual and potentially provide unique social support resources. This study examined relationships with older, younger, and same-aged non-kin ties among young and late midlife adults. Data came from the University of California Berkeley Social Networks Study (UCNets), a sample of 485 people aged 21-30 and 674 people aged 50-70. A majority of non-kin ties were to people whose age was within 5 years of the participant's own age, although the majority was much larger for young adults (81 %) than late midlife adults (52 %). Younger and older ties often came from different social settings (school, work, religious organizations, and neighborhoods) than same-aged ties, and there were also some cohort differences in the social settings that produced younger, older, and same-aged ties. Younger and older ties also provided different forms of social support than did ties to same-aged persons. Again, the functions of younger and older ties varied by cohort. Implications for life course studies are discussed.
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Zhou J, Zhao Q, Zhou J. Smart senior care cognition and health among Chinese elderly: A moderated mediation model featuring parent-child relationship and internet use. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37359618 PMCID: PMC10116446 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In the context of digital transformation, smart senior care (SSC) cognition among elderly individuals has become an important contributor to their health. Using a sample of 345 older adults derived from the cross-sectional data of a questionnaire survey on the application of home-based SSC services and products among elderly individuals, this study explored how the parent‒child relationship mediated the linkage between SSC cognition and elderly health. To examine the moderating role of internet use, we applied the multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to test whether significant disparities exist between older adults who use the internet and those who do not on the pathways in the mediation model. After controlling for gender, age, hukou (household registration permit), ethnicity, income, marital status, and education level, we found that SSC cognition exerted significant positive effects on elderly health, in which the parent‒child relationship exerted a mediating effect. As for differences between the elderly with internet use and those without, on the three pathways connecting SSC cognition and health, SSC cognition and parent‒child relationship, and parent‒child relationship and health among elderly individuals, older adults who used the internet were more susceptible than those who did not. The findings are helpful for improving the policy-making on elderly health and may serve as a practical guide and theoretical reference for the promotion of active aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhou
- School of Sociology and Population Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023 P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Sociology and Population Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jianfang Zhou
- School of Population Studies, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042 P. R. China
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Lu Y, Lin YY, Qu JQ, Zeng Y, Wu WZ. Children's internal migration and subjective wellbeing of older parents left behind: Spiritual or financial support? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1111288. [PMID: 37077185 PMCID: PMC10106587 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAgainst the background of population aging and large-scale internal migration, this study uses an ordered logit with two-way fixed effects to examine the effect of children's internal migration on the subjective wellbeing of parents left behind. The study is based on the China Family Panel Studies database.MethodsData were obtained from CFPS (China Family Panel Studies), and ordered logit with two-way fixed effects was used to test the total effect of children's internal migration on subjective wellbeing of parents left behind, and KHB test was used to separate intergenerational spiritual support and intergenerational financial support to examine the intergenerational support preferences of parents left behind.ResultsThe results show that children's internal migration has a significant negative effect on the subjective wellbeing of parents left behind, mainly through the reduction of intergenerational spiritual support. Furthermore, intergenerational financial support significantly mitigates this negative effect. There is heterogeneity in the direction of the total wellbeing effect across parents' preferences, as well as in the masking effect of financial support. However, the effect of financial support never fully offsets the effect of spiritual support.DiscussionTo cope with the negative effects of children's internal migration on parents, positive measures should be taken to change parental preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Yang Lin
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Qiao Qu
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zeng
| | - Wan-Zong Wu
- Business School, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Upenieks L. With You Until the End of the Age? A Longitudinal Study of Changes in Religiosity and Loneliness in Later Life. Res Aging 2023; 45:299-319. [PMID: 35603607 DOI: 10.1177/01640275221104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With few exceptions, a vast literature on religion and well-being in later life has largely ignored outcomes of loneliness. The current study considers how changes in religiosity and formal religious participation over time associate with loneliness, and whether there are age differences in how this process unfold. Using data from the first two waves (2005-2006, 2010-2011) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) from the United States, results suggest that consistent religious attendance was associated with lower loneliness, while decreases in attendance were associated with higher loneliness. The association between stable high religious attendance and loneliness was stronger for older cohorts of older adults (65-74, and 75+ years of age). We found no such patterns for religious integration in daily life. We discuss the implications for church communities and family and friends of older adults and provide insights for addressing loneliness as a public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Upenieks
- Department of Sociology, Baylor University, Waco, IX, USA
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Abramowska-Kmon A, Łątkowski W, Rynko M. Informal Care and Subjective Well-Being among Older Adults in Selected European Countries. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-023-09521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractA person’s health status is one of the strongest determinants of well-being. The negative impact of poor health on subjective well-being may be moderated by providing care to individuals in need. In this paper, we investigate the relationships between receiving informal care and the amount of care received and subjective well-being among people aged 65 or older in selected European countries. Our analysis of data from the 6th wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) showed that receiving regular informal care was associated with higher subjective well-being among older people in Northern European countries, and with lower subjective well-being among older males in Southern European countries. Moreover, we found that the perception of the amount of help received affected the subjective well-being of older people, as those who reported that the support they received was either insufficient or met their needs had lower subjective well-being than those who were not in need of care. Our results also showed that receiving formal care was negatively related with subjective well-being among older adults in Northern Europe and Central and Eastern Europe. In the context of population ageing and the growing need for care, social policies that support both sides of the caregiving relationship could enhance subjective quality of life.
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Gallagher S, Haugh C, Castro Solano A, de la Iglesia G, McMahon J. Social support imbalance and depressive symptoms in young adolescents: the negative effect of giving but not receiving. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2022.2151715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Chloe Haugh
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alejandro Castro Solano
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departament of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe de la Iglesia
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer McMahon
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
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19
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Brudek P, Krok D, Steuden S. Religiosity and social support in Polish older adults: the mediating role of wisdom. Perspectives on Lars Tornstam's theory of gerotranscendence. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:2496-2502. [PMID: 34657535 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1989378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine whether wisdom is a mediator in the relationships between religious meaning system and social support among older adults. According to the theory of gerotranscendence, associations of religiousness and social support are complex and suggest the existence of wisdom in their internal structures.Method: The study included 466 persons aged 50-75. Three measures were used: Religious Meaning System Scale (RMSS), Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) and Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS).Results: The analyses allowed for a partial verification of the hypothesis that wisdom is a mediator in the relationship between the religious meaning system and the multidimensional social support in late adulthood. It was confirmed that wisdom mediates the relationship between the religious meaning system and three out of the five dimensions of social support (perceived available support, actually received support and protective buffering support). Conclusion: These findings suggest that wisdom is an important element of religious meaning system and social support that is used by people as a part of their maturing into gerotranscendence to cope with life's difficulties and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Brudek
- Department of Psychology, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Krok
- Department of Psychology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Stanisława Steuden
- Department of Psychology, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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20
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Activités et motivations sous-jacentes : quelles relations avec le bien-être en confinement ? PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Byrd DR, Jiang Y, Zilioli S, Lichtenberg P, Thorpe RJ, Whitfield KE. The Interactive Effects of Education and Social Support on Cognition in African Americans. J Aging Health 2022; 34:1188-1200. [PMID: 36036159 PMCID: PMC10165879 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221122692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This study examines whether the effects of receiving and providing social support on cognition differ by education. Methods: Data from 602 African American adults (48-95 years) enrolled in the Baltimore Study of Black Aging-Patterns of Cognitive Aging were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: We found no main effects of receiving or providing social support on global cognition. Main effects for receiving or providing social support on memory were detected. Further, a significant moderation effect was observed for memory, such that received social support was more strongly associated with higher working memory among less-educated individuals than those with high levels of education, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, chronic conditions, and depressive symptoms. Discussion: Study findings demonstrate that social support and education have joint effects on memory outcomes, highlighting the importance of considering psychosocial protective factors that might alleviate, reduce, or even eliminate cognitive health disparities in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Mbuthia K, Mwangi S, Owino G. Implications of providing social support to close network members on the social well-being of older people in Kitui County, Kenya. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:897508. [DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.897508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Social support is a strong predictor of social well-being. Older people are key providers of social support to others, but an overemphasis on received social support in gerontological literature portrays them as mere recipients. We examined the association between social support provided by older people and its influence on their social well-being. Data were collected from 369 respondents residing in rural dwellings in Kitui County using mixed methods and were analyzed for association using chi-square statistics. Instrumental, emotional, and information support provision was determined by asking four questions in each category about whether the respondents provided social support to close network members. The subjective experience of support provision using a satisfaction question for each domain of social support was used to determine the influence of providing social support on the social well-being of older people. Provision of social support across the three domains was found to be significantly associated with social well-being. The level of statistical significance was highest for emotional and information support compared to instrumental support. Older people are important providers of social support. The majority of those who provided social support reported being satisfied. Therefore, offering social support, especially emotional and information support, is an important contributor to satisfaction with these aspects of social well-being.
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23
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Van Vleet B, Fuller HR, Hofmann B, Huseth-Zosel A. Untapped Insight: A Longitudinal Qualitative Analysis of Older Adults' Advice During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Innov Aging 2022; 6:igac071. [PMID: 36600809 PMCID: PMC9799044 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Due to a lifetime of experience, older adults are uniquely positioned to contribute advice and insight to others during a historical, societal crisis such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This qualitative study explores the solicited advice older adults offered their peers, family members, and communities throughout the first year of the pandemic. Research Design and Methods A sample of 72 older adults aged 70-97 from Minnesota and North Dakota were asked what advice they would provide to others in June 2020 and again in April/May 2021. Participants were asked to provide advice on individual coping and how community members should support older adults during the pandemic, as well as how others should adjust after the pandemic. Responses were coded and developed into overarching themes. Results Older adults advised others during the pandemic to foster mental and physical well-being, develop positive life perspectives, and connect to others as strategies to cope through the pandemic. Participants advised that after the pandemic people should remain vigilant, return to normal, and emerge as better people. Advice targeted to meeting the needs of older adults during the pandemic included: adopt selfless attitudes, take intentional actions, and maintain balance. A longitudinal approach revealed that advice remained consistent over time, despite the circumstances caused by COVID-19 changing. Discussion and Implications Findings suggest that older adults utilize their life experiences and coping strategies as sources for drawing advice. These findings also suggest that older adults are sources of insight during crises. Future research should investigate additional advice older adults can offer and how willingly communities listen. Applied work should give older adults opportunities to provide far-reaching advice as well as develop interventions aimed at decreasing ageist perceptions of older adults in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Van Vleet
- Address correspondence to: Bryce Van Vleet, BA, Human Development and Family Science, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA. E-mail:
| | - Heather R Fuller
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Brittany Hofmann
- Department of Human Development and Family Science & School of Business, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Andrea Huseth-Zosel
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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Uunk W, Hoffmann P. Do Personality Traits Moderate the Effects of Cohabitation, Separation, and Widowhood on Life Satisfaction? A Longitudinal Test for Germany. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 24:141-157. [PMID: 36341276 PMCID: PMC9628624 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The start and end of a romantic relationship are associated with substantial changes in life satisfaction. Yet, whether Big Five personality traits moderate these relationship transition effects is hardly known. Such knowledge helps to understand individual variation in relationship transition effects and provides the possibility to further test the stress and social support explanations of these effects. Our fixed effects regressions on 28 waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel 1991-2018 show that Big Five traits moderate the effects of relationship transitions on life satisfaction to a limited extent. More neurotic men display a more negative effect of separation, and more neurotic and more agreeable women reveal a more negative effect of widowhood on life satisfaction. Big Five traits do not moderate the effect of the start of cohabitation on life satisfaction. Our findings support the stress perspective of relationship transition effects most and identify emotionally unstable individuals as a particularly vulnerable group. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10902-022-00573-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Uunk
- Department of Sociology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paula Hoffmann
- Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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25
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Van Orden KA, Conwell Y, Chapman BP, Buttaccio A, VanBergen A, Beckwith E, Santee A, Rowe J, Palumbos D, Williams G, Messing S, Sörensen S, Tu X. The helping older people engage (HOPE) study: Protocol & COVID modifications for a randomized trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 30:101040. [PMID: 36479062 PMCID: PMC9720528 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Evidence-based strategies to reduce loneliness in later life are needed because loneliness impacts all domains of health, functioning, and quality of life. Volunteering is a promising strategy, as a large literature of observational studies documents associations between volunteering and better health and well-being. However, relatively few studies have used randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine benefits of volunteering, and none have examined loneliness. The primary objective of the Helping Older People Engage (HOPE) study is to examine the social-emotional benefits of a social volunteering program for lonely older adults. This manuscript describes the rationale and design of the trial. Methods We are randomly assigning adults aged 60 or older (up to 300) who report loneliness to 12 months of either AmeriCorps Seniors volunteering program or an active control (self-guided life review). Co-primary outcomes are assessed via self-report-loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale) and quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref). Enrollment was completed in May 2022 and follow-up assessments will continue through May 2023, with completion of primary outcomes soon thereafter. Conclusions Since older adults who report loneliness are less likely to actively seek out volunteering opportunities, if results support efficacy of volunteering for reducing loneliness, dissemination and scaling up efforts may involve connecting primary care patients who are lonely with AmeriCorps Seniors through aging services agencies.This RCT is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03343483).
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Jiang N, Wang T, Cao H, Wang Q, Wei X, Wang J, Yu J. Effects of Stigma on the Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and Sexual Satisfaction Among Breast Cancer Survivors. J Sex Med 2022; 19:1002-1011. [PMID: 35484050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual satisfaction is one of the issues faced by breast cancer survivors (BCSs). AIM This study aims to explore the mediation of stigma in the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and sexual satisfaction among breast cancer survivors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 918 BCSs in Shanghai Cancer Rehabilitation Club. Data were collected using an online questionnaire including questions on sociodemographic characteristics, health status, PSS, stigma and sexual satisfaction of participants. The bootstrap method was used to test the significance of the simple mediation model. OUTCOMES The simple mediation of stigma was found significant in the relationship between PSS and sexual satisfaction. RESULTS Stigma plays an intermediary role in the relationship between 2 dimensions of PSS (family and friends) and sexual satisfaction, but not in the relationship between the dimension of other significant people of PSS and sexual satisfaction. CLINICAL TRANSLATION It is important to reduce stigma when improving the sexual satisfaction of BCSs from the perspective of PSS. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS The mediating role of stigma in the relationship between PSS and sexual satisfaction among BCSs has been shown for the first time. Study limitations include limitations in the representativeness of population by the study sample and the cross-sectional study design. CONCLUSIONS Stigma mediates the relationship between PSS and sexual satisfaction, which needs to be eliminated in intervention practice. Yuxin Zhang, Jie Zhao, Nan Jiang, et al. Effects of Stigma on the Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and Sexual Satisfaction Among Breast Cancer Survivors. J Sex Med 2022;19:1002-1011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Cao
- School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quqing Wang
- School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Wei
- Health Guidance Department, Shanghai Municipal Center for Health Promotion, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiwei Wang
- School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinming Yu
- School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ang S, Malhotra R. The filial piety paradox: Receiving social support from children can be negatively associated with quality of life. Soc Sci Med 2022; 303:114996. [PMID: 35526309 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Despite strong norms of filial obligation in Asian countries, little is known about whether child-provided support promotes older adults' well-being. OBJECTIVE This study sought to examine whether and how the source (e.g., child/non-child providers) and the form (e.g., financial, instrumental) of received social support are associated with older adults' quality of life. METHODS Data are from two waves of a longitudinal survey of older adults in Singapore (N = 2887). Two-wave mediation analyses were conducted to determine associations of the source and form of received social support with quality of life, and the extent to which personal mastery mediated these associations. RESULTS We find that, although receiving financial assistance from more children promotes older men's quality of life, older women's quality of life is eroded when receiving housework help from more children. These relationships are partially mediated through increase (for men) or decline (for women) in personal mastery. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that both the form and source of help provided to older adults matter. Receiving social support from children may not always benefit older adults - more attention is needed on how best to support older adults while giving them sufficient control to maintain a high quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Ang
- Sociology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Rahul Malhotra
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Ko PC, Sung P. The Negative Impact of Adult Children's Marital Dissolution on Older Parents' Mental Health in South Korea. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1721-1731. [PMID: 35385576 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about whether and the extent children's marital dissolution deteriorates older parents' mental health. This study examines the association of children's marital dissolution with parents' mental health, and whether children's gender and intergenerational contact and support moderate such an association in South Korea, where family lives are strongly linked under the Confucian collectivistic legacy. METHODS We apply fixed effects models on 15,584 parent-child dyads nested in 5,673 older parents (45-97 years in Wave 1) participating in the four waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), conducted from 2006 to 2012. RESULTS In South Korea, a son's transition to marital dissolution is associated with higher levels of parents' depressive symptoms. Frequent parent-son contacts of at least once a week, living with a son, and increasing financial transfers from parents to a son tend to reduce the negative association of the son's marital dissolution with parents' depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION The findings imply that a son's transition to marital dissolution, as a later-life stressor, is detrimental to parents' mental health in a patrilineal Asian cultural context. The study also highlights the importance of intergenerational bonding in mitigating the negative impact of children's marital dissolution upwardly transmitted to their older parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Ko
- Centre for University Core, Singapore University of Social Sciences
| | - Pildoo Sung
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-NUS Medical School
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29
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Ram A, Dave SS, Lancki N, Moran M, Puri-Taneja A, Mammen S, Kanaya AM, Kandula NR. Social influence of adult children on parental health behavior among South Asian immigrants: findings from the MASALA (Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America) study. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2022; 27:639-657. [PMID: 32122159 PMCID: PMC8040023 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2020.1734779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Examine the social influence of adult children on the cardiovascular-related health behaviors of older South Asian (SA) immigrants to inform lifestyle interventions.Design: This mixed-methods study used data from an ancillary study of social networks (2014-2018) in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America cohort. Phase 1 was a quantitative analysis of self-reported diet and physical activity among SA adults (n = 448, mean age = 58 years, SD 8.4) who named at least one adult child to their social network. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) was used to measure parents' diet; higher numbers indicate a healthier diet (range 0-110). Phase 2 was a thematic content analysis of in-depth qualitative interviews from a subsample of these parents (n = 23, mean age = 55, SD 7.6).Results: Parents with an adult child in their network who consumed uncooked vegetables daily had mean parental AHEI score 1.5 points higher (adjusted p-value = 0.03) than those who had a child in the network who ate uncooked vegetables less often. When at least one adult child in their network ate fresh fruit daily compared to less frequently or when at least one child ate non-SA food daily compared to less frequently, mean parental AHEI scores were higher by 2.0 (adjusted p-value = 0.01) and 1.6 (adjusted p-value = 0.03) points respectively. Parents with an adult child in their network who exercised at least weekly were more likely to meet guideline-recommended physical activity levels than parents with children who exercised less often (76% v. 56%, adjusted p-value = 0.02). Adult children provided social support and were seen as 'role models' for healthy behavior, especially when adopting Western health behaviors.Conclusion: Positive role modeling and support from adult children were important facilitators of healthy behavior change in older SA immigrants and can inform health behavior interventions for SA adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Ram
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
| | - Swapna S. Dave
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
| | - Nicola Lancki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
| | - Margaret Moran
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
| | - Ankita Puri-Taneja
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
| | - Shinu Mammen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
| | - Alka M. Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA, U.S
| | - Namratha R. Kandula
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
- , Rubloff Building 10th Floor, 750 N Lake Shore, Chicago Illinois 60611
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Mbuthia K, Mwangi S, Owino G. Closeness as a mediator in providing and receiving social support on the social well-being of older persons in Kitui County, Kenya. GERIATRIC CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.4081/gc.2021.10293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the social well-being (SWB) of older persons in relation to social support provided and received has generated considerable amount of scholarly debate. Social support received or provided has been found in literature to produce mixed effects (positive and negative) on SWB, necessitating further research. The current study provides Kenyan evidence to a corpus of research mostly focused on European and American studies, contributing to the current discussion on SWB. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate how closeness to close network members (CNM) influences older persons’ satisfaction with social support provided and received. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design and mixed methods approach. Chi-square analyses were conducted, and the results revealed that there was a significant relationship between closeness and satisfaction with providing social support with exact P value of 0.002. In addition, there was a significant relationship between closeness and satisfaction with received social support with exact P value of 0.000 (P<0.05). The research highlights that closeness to CNM enhances SWB when older persons provide or receive social support.
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Zanjari N, Momtaz YA, Kamal SHM, Basakha M, Ahmadi S. The Influence of Providing and Receiving Social Support on Older Adults' Well-being. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2022; 18:e174501792112241. [PMID: 37274857 PMCID: PMC10156029 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v18-e2112241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Social support is a leading contributing factor for older adults' well-being. The present study aimed to compare the impact of two-way (providing and receiving) social support on the well-being of Iranian older adults. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 1280 community-dwelling older adults in Tehran, Iran, 2020. The researcher used the clustered sampling method and the 2-way Social Support Scale (SSS) to collect samples and measure social support, respectively. The well-being was measured by the self-reported World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Bivariate and hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to compare the effects of social support aspects on well-being. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. A significance level of p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean age of the respondents was 70.90 (SD=8.07), and about 70% of the sample was married. The mean scores of taking and providing social support were 20.70 ±7.52 and 17.71 ±7.82, respectively. The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that providing social support is significantly associated with the well-being of older adults beyond and over receiving social support and possible contributing factors (∆F=30.25; ∆R2= 0.39, p<0.05). Conclusion The results showed that providing social support is more important than receiving it. Older adults should participate in social activities to provide social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Zanjari
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Mehdi Basakha
- Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Ahmadi
- Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Byrd DR, Jiang Y, Zilioli S, Thorpe RJ, Lichtenberg PA, Whitfield KE. The Interactive Effects of Education and Social Support on Blood Pressure in African Americans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:e98-e106. [PMID: 34612486 PMCID: PMC8824551 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined whether the effects of received and provided social support on blood pressure (BP) would differ by education. METHODS Data from 602 African American adults (48-95 years) enrolled in the Baltimore Study of Black Aging-Patterns of Cognitive Aging were analyzed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS We found no main effects of received and provided social support on BP. However, a significant moderation effect was observed for systolic BP, such that greater received social support was positively associated with higher systolic BP among individuals with low levels of education, adjusting for age, sex, chronic health conditions, and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that social support and education have joint effects on BP, which highlights the importance of considering psychosocial determinants of adverse cardiovascular health outcomes that disproportionately affect African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeAnnah R Byrd
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Institute of Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Keith E Whitfield
- Office of the President, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Tadele H, Ahmed H, Mintesnot H, Gedlu E, Guteta S, Yadeta D. Subjective wellbeing among rheumatic heart disease patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: observational cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1354. [PMID: 34923975 PMCID: PMC8684619 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subjective wellbeing (SWB) is a self-reported positive life judgment and good feeling. RHD, rheumatic heart disease, is a long-term sequel of single or recurrent acute rheumatic fever. There are no studies that assessed SWB in RHD patients. We aimed to assess SWB among RHD subjects enrolled in chronic care at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Ethiopia. Methods This observational cross-sectional study employed a validated Amharic WHO-5 wellbeing index to assess SWB. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaire. RHD subjects aged 9 years and above were included. Factors associated with SWB were assessed using logistic regression models. Results The study included 384 subjects, females 68.2% (262). Children, < 18 years, constituted one third of study subjects, 32.8% (126). Moderate and severe echocardiographic RHD dominated, 85.9% (330) with no associated comorbidity, 84.4% (324). Only 17.2% (66) had surgical or device intervention. Poor SWB was documented in 9.6% of study subjects (95% CI: 6.88–13.04). On multivariable regression, those with younger age RHD diagnosis, < 20 years, had almost three times higher odds of poor SWB, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.69(95% CI: 1.30–5.58, P 0.008). Those with monthly family income of < 1000 Ethiopian Birr had three times higher odds of poor SWB, aOR 2.97(95% CI: 1.24–7.1, P 0.014). Study subjects who had good medication adherence had reduced odds of poor SWB, aOR 0.37(95% CI: 0.18–0.77, P 0.028). Those who received psychologic support from their families also had reduced odds of poor SWB, aOR 0.26(95% CI: 0.11–0.64, P 0.003). Conclusion Poor SWB was documented in one-tenth of RHD patients. Family income, younger age at RHD diagnosis, medication adherence and psychological support predicted poor SWB. Poor SWB has to be considered and assessed among RHD patients particularly among those with younger age at RHD diagnosis and poor family income. Further mixed studies are recommended to assess how medication adherence and psychological supports associate with positive SWB among RHD patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-07378-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok Tadele
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Hayat Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Helen Mintesnot
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Etsegenet Gedlu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Senbeta Guteta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dejuma Yadeta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Hawkley L, Wroblewski K, Cagney KA, Waite LJ. Resilience and Social Support-Giving Scales: Conceptual and Empirical Validation. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:S238-S250. [PMID: 34918150 PMCID: PMC8678431 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This report introduces National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) data users to 2 new measures-one that assesses older adults' resilience, defined as personal attributes that indicate an adaptive reserve that can be drawn on during adversity, and a second that expands on existing measures of social support received from others to also assess social support given to close others. METHOD Data from 4,604 NSHAP respondents born 1920-1965 were used to conduct psychometric analyses and validation of our measures of resilience and social support-giving. RESULTS Scale reliabilities were acceptable for the 4-item resilience scale, and the 2-item scales for family support-giving and friend support-giving. The 2 spousal support-giving items did not cohere well as a single scale. The resilience scale exhibited significant correlations with criterion validation variables, even after adjusting for correlated personality traits. The support-giving scales, and the spousal support-giving items, also exhibited significant correlations with criteria, and with the resilience scale, even after adjusting for social support receipt. Scale means exhibited demographic differences. DISCUSSION The resilience and social support-giving measures have acceptable psychometric characteristics (with the exception of spousal support-giving), convergent validity, and predictive utility net of related variables. NSHAP data users are offered several suggestions (key points) in the use of these measures in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Hawkley
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Kathleen A Cagney
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Linda J Waite
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Markowski KL, Smith JA, Gauthier GR, Harcey SR. Would I Have Your Support? Family Network Features and Past Support Exchanges Associated with Anticipated Support for a Substance Problem. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021; 28:39-45. [PMID: 36683732 PMCID: PMC9856213 DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.2006340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective Assessment of social processes underlying anticipation for recovery-related support from family in the event of a substance problem. We drew from literature on social support, substance use, and social networks to develop a path model connecting emotionally close family relationships, closeness among members in the wider family network (density), previous emotional support exchanges, and anticipated support. Subjects and Methods We used a sample from the 2019 Nebraska Annual Social Indicators Survey (284 adults; 57% female; 94% white; 46.26% living in rural areas) and employed generalized structural equation modeling with logistic regression equations for our binary dependent variable (anticipated support). Results Denser family networks were associated with individuals' close relations with family (b = .18, p < .001), close family relations were associated with support received by (b = .25, p < .05) and given to (b = .47, p < .001) family, and only support given to family increased the odds of anticipated support (IRR = 4.32, CI = 1.13, 16.48). Conclusions Family-wide dynamics are important for understanding how support exchange relates to anticipated support. Prioritizing efforts to strengthen family relationships and improve the likelihood that at-risk individuals, especially in rural areas, can overcome substance problems is important.
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Chen YY, Cai Z, Chang Q, Canetto SS, Yip PSF. Caregiving as suicide-prevention: an ecological 20-country study of the association between men's family carework, unemployment, and suicide. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:2185-2198. [PMID: 33948679 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicide rates are generally higher in men than in women. Men's higher suicide mortality is often attributed to public-life adversities, such as unemployment. Building on the theory that men's suicide vulnerability is also related to their private-life behaviors, particularly men's low engagement in family carework, this ecological study explored the association between men's family carework, unemployment, and suicide. METHODS Family-carework data for twenty Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries were obtained from the OECD Family Database. Sex-specific age-standardized suicide rates came from the Global Burden of Disease dataset. The association between men's engagement in family carework and suicide rates by sex was estimated, with OECD's unemployment-benefits index and United-Nations' Human Development-Index (HDI) evaluated as controls. The moderation of men's carework on the unemployment-suicide relationship was also assessed. RESULTS Overall and sex-specific suicide rates were lower in countries where men reported more family carework. In these countries, higher unemployment rates were not associated with higher male suicide rates. In countries where men reported less family carework, higher unemployment was associated with higher male suicide rates, independent of country's HDI. Unemployment benefits were not associated with suicide rates. Men's family carework moderated the association between unemployment and suicide rates. CONCLUSION This study's findings that higher levels of men's family carework were associated with lower suicide mortality, especially among men and under high-unemployment conditions, point to the suicide-protective potential of men's family carework. They are consistent with evidence that where gender equality is greater, men's and women's well-being, health, and longevity are greater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yeh Chen
- Taipei City Psychiatric Centre, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - ZiYi Cai
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Qingsong Chang
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Paul S F Yip
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
- Hong Kong Jockey Club Center for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
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Vannier C, Mulligan H, Wilkinson A, Elder S, Malik A, Morrish D, Campbell M, Kingham S, Epton M. Strengthening community connection and personal well-being through volunteering in New Zealand. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2021; 29:1971-1979. [PMID: 34089274 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Volunteering is a way for people to develop meaningful relationships within a social group and can lead to the building of social capital, from which both individuals and the wider group can benefit in the form of enhanced well-being. This study aimed to explore and describe the impact of volunteering on the volunteer coordinators and volunteers themselves in the eastern suburbs of Christchurch, New Zealand, an area particularly impacted by the devastating earthquakes in the period 2010/2011. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with volunteer coordinators and volunteers (n = 35; 16 men, 19 women) from November 2018 to mid-January 2019. Thematic analysis of data highlighted a key theme of Creating and strengthening valued community connections, with subthemes of Personal growth, Community connections and Role of coordination. The key theme illustrated how formal volunteering created effort and opportunities towards the strengthening of personal and community connectedness. Our study demonstrates the importance of social connection for both individual and community well-being, emphasises the important role of "champions" in facilitating the building of bridging and bonding relationships between individuals and communities, and suggests a role for healthcare professionals to prescribe volunteering as a way to improve individual health and well-being outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Vannier
- Department of Geography, College of Science, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wananga O Waitaha, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hilda Mulligan
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amanda Wilkinson
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Susie Elder
- Department of Geography, College of Science, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wananga O Waitaha, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ambika Malik
- Department of Geography, College of Science, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wananga O Waitaha, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Morrish
- Department of Geography, College of Science, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wananga O Waitaha, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Malcolm Campbell
- Department of Geography, College of Science, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wananga O Waitaha, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Simon Kingham
- Department of Geography, College of Science, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wananga O Waitaha, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Michael Epton
- Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Comprehending socio-relational factors of mental wellbeing in the oldest old within Nordic and Mediterranean countries. AGEING & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x21001458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Socio-relational aspects are essential for mental wellbeing (MWB), especially in the oldest old age. Our study aims to explore the socio-relational aspects related to MWB in accordance with the experiences of the oldest old of four European countries; and to examine how these differ between Mediterranean and Nordic people. A total of 117 participants aged 80+ years old were recruited, and 23 focus groups were performed. Qualitative content analysis identified five main themes. Family seemed to be the most important driver of the MWB of the oldest old, followed by relationships with close friends. Participants felt better when they had a sense of being needed, cared for, and connected. Loneliness and isolation negatively affected MWB, although solitude was appreciated. Differences appeared between Mediterranean and Nordic regions. Initiatives to promote positive interactions with family and friends, as well as social activities within the community, may contribute to strengthening MWB in the oldest old.
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Sibling relationships of older adults in China: The role of gender composition and birth order. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Toyoshima A. Nursing Home Adaptation in Visually Impaired Older Adults Using a Narrative Approach
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2. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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McInerney K, Garip G, Benson T. “We all need Purpose and Reason to be here.”: A Qualitative Investigation of howmembers of Alcoholics Anonymous with Long-term Recovery Experience Aging. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2021.1947165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulcan Garip
- School of Psychology, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Tony Benson
- School of Psychology, University of Derby, Derby, UK
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Yodmai K, Somrongthong R, Nanthamongkolchai S, Suksatan W. Effects of the Older Family Network Program on Improving Quality of Life Among Older Adults in Thailand. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:1373-1383. [PMID: 34135595 PMCID: PMC8197577 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s315775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence of promoting family members' health care for older adults by applying family networks and theory of planned behavior will lead to mental health and lower the quality of life among older adults in rural community in Thailand is unclear. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess the effects of health promotion among older adults using an aging family network program to reduce depression and improve quality of life (QOL) among older adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS This quasi-experimental study was enrolled on one hundred and ten older adults and their family members. Fifty-five older adult participants joined the health promoting program using family member involvement. This program trained them to change health behaviors such as eating healthy food, exercising, emotion management and disability preventive activities to reduce dementia, stroke and falls. The program was conducted in a rural community for 12 months. A comparison group program conducted usual health promoting activities by health personnel. They evaluated quality of life (QOL) using WHOQOL-OLD measurement, and 30-item geriatric depression scale before implementing interventions and after interventions at 9th and 12th months. Data were analyzed using general linear mixed model analysis. RESULTS After the intervention, social support and perception of health care from family members were significantly improved at the 9th month. At the 12th month, overall QOL, sensory ability, social participation, intimacy, social support, and perception of health care from family members significantly improved. Depression was also reduced at the 12th month. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that health promotion using family members improved QOL and reduced depression long term. Policymakers should implement programs to improve QOL among older adults. They need to improve the involvement of family members when conducting health promotion among older adults and support funding due to conduct on weekends or in the evening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ratana Somrongthong
- College of Public Health Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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Jiang D, Fung HH. Daily Reciprocity and Well-being: A Diary Study of Intergenerational Support between Mothers and Adult Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:e46-e56. [PMID: 34077531 PMCID: PMC8244654 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intergenerational support between aging parents and adult children is important to the well-being of both groups, especially during public health emergencies. However, few previous studies have examined the effects of daily support between parents and children on their well-being during public health emergencies. To fill in this gap, we examined the association between daily support and well-being in mothers and their adult children during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Seventy-seven pairs of mothers (aged 44-80 years, M = 53.78, SD = 9.57) and adult children (aged 18-54 years, M = 26.61, SD = 9.46; 19% male) in mainland China participated in a 14-day daily diary study during a 14-day stay-at-home period. All of the participants reported the daily emotional and instrumental support they had given to and received from their mother/child each day for 14 consecutive days. Their daily positive affect and negative affect were also measured. RESULTS Receiving more support on a given day was associated with providing more support on that day, suggesting a daily reciprocity. This finding was consistent across mothers and children. A lower level of being under-benefitted on a day was associated with better daily well-being of children, but not that of mothers. Providing support, but not receiving support, was positively associated with mothers' daily well-being, whereas receiving support, but not providing support, was positively associated with children's daily well-being. DISCUSSION This study provides evidence of daily intergenerational support during a global public health emergency. The findings shed light on the importance of daily reciprocity and its implications for well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Jiang
- The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Helene H Fung
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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44
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Akuoko PB, Aggrey V, Mengba JD. Mothering with a career during a pandemic; the case of the Ghanaian woman. GENDER WORK AND ORGANIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipa Birago Akuoko
- Department of Planning Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Vincent Aggrey
- Department of Planning Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
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Toyoshima A, Nakahara J. The Effects of Familial Social Support Relationships on Identity Meaning in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Investigation. Front Psychol 2021; 12:650051. [PMID: 34113289 PMCID: PMC8185044 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.650051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether social support promotes identity meaning among older adults. We hypothesized that when two spouses exchange social support, their sense of marital identity is enhanced. Among older adults, parental identity may be more strongly enhanced when parents provide social support to their children rather than receive social support from them. We conducted a longitudinal survey of 355 older adults (240 men and 115 women aged >60 years), who were assessed four times over 2 years. First, we confirmed the relationship between social support and identity meaning using an autoregressive path model. Second, we examined the effect of social support on the trajectory of role identities in a growth curve model. The intercepts of receiving support and providing support were significantly associated with the intercept of marital identity. In addition, the intercept of identity meaning for parents correlated with the intercept of providing support to their children but not with that of receiving support from their children. Social support between family members promotes role identities in family relationships. In particular, providing support to children correlates with parental roles which connect to subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Toyoshima
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nakahara
- School of Contemporary Sociology, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Japan
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Huang F, Fu P. Intergenerational support and subjective wellbeing among oldest-old in China: the moderating role of economic status. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:252. [PMID: 33858343 PMCID: PMC8051050 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The oldest-old population is increasing sharply in China, and intergenerational support has been their primary source of caregiving. Although intergenerational support has been found to be associated with wellbeing of older people in previous study, most analysis were from the perspective of children’s characteristics and exchange patterns. This study aims to investigate the impact of different types of intergenerational support on subjective wellbeing among Chinese oldest-old and the variation across groups of different economic status, based on their five-tier of needs (physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs). Methods We included older adults aged ≥ 80 years from the 2018 Chinese longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We assessed older people’s subjective wellbeing by their life satisfaction and psychological health. We evaluated four types of intergenerational support: parents provide financial support, receive financial, instrumental and emotional support. We applied binary logistic regression analysis to analyze the association between different intergenerational support and older people’s subjective wellbeing and the moderating effect of self-rated economic status on this relationship. Results A total of 8.794 participants were included, with a mean age of 91,46 years (standard deviation:7.60). Older adults who provide financial support (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.85) and receive emotional support (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.83) report better subjective wellbeing. However, receiving instrumental support depressed psychological health (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.79) while improved life satisfaction (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.55). Receiving emotional support promoted parents’ psychological health among all combinations of support, and receiving all the three types together raised their subjective wellbeing most. Conclusions Our study recognizes that higher level of subjective wellbeing for oldest-old is related to providing financial support, receiving emotional and certain instrumental support. In addition, higher economic status can moderate these associations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02204-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghong Huang
- School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Peipei Fu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, 250012, China.
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Saenz JL. Spousal Support, Spousal Strain, and Loneliness in Older Mexican Couples. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:e176-e186. [PMID: 33165564 PMCID: PMC8253057 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A growing body of research has identified factors related to loneliness among older adults. Fewer have investigated predictors of loneliness within married couples. This analysis investigates how spousal support and strain relate with loneliness within older couples (age 50+), and whether these associations are modified by functional limitation. The study focuses on Mexico, a country experiencing rapid aging occurring alongside historically limited institutional support for older adults, and where traditional gender roles extend to marriage. METHODS The analytic sample consisted of 3,584 husband-wife dyads from the 2012 and 2015 Mexican Health and Aging Study. Loneliness was measured using the Three-Item Loneliness Scale. Associations between spousal support, strain, and loneliness were estimated within husband-wife dyads using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. RESULTS Experiencing more spousal support was associated with less loneliness, whereas experiencing spousal strain was associated with more loneliness 3 years later among married adults. The associations between spousal support/strain and loneliness were stronger among husbands with limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) when compared to their counterparts without ADL limitations. DISCUSSION Among married adults, spousal support and strain may be important factors to understand loneliness within marriage. Effects should be interpreted within the context of functional limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Saenz
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles
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Pandit A, Nakagawa Y. How Does Reciprocal Exchange of Social Support Alleviate Individuals' Depression in an Earthquake-Damaged Community? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041585. [PMID: 33567495 PMCID: PMC7914432 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence to indicate the direct effects of receiving social support on mental health during and after a disaster. However, the importance of reciprocal exchanges of social support (i.e., balanced receipt and provision of social support) in maintaining the mental health status of individuals is not widely recognized. Using equity theory and reciprocity norms as a conceptual base, we distinguished two types of social support, namely, emotional support and instrumental support, and examined the effects of reciprocal exchanges of types of support on depression in survivors of an earthquake-damaged community. To collect data, in 2019, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 295 survivors of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in a rural village in Nepal. Our results showed that the relationship between reciprocal exchange of support and depression varied depending on the types of support. The amount of emotional support received by the individual alleviated his/her depression only when accompanied by giving emotional support. By contrast, the net amount of instrumental support given by the individual increased his/her depression. The practical implications of the study are discussed.
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Lee S, Ryu J, Heo J. Leisure and Social Supports in Relation to Positive Affect Among Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2021; 41:551-559. [PMID: 33541189 DOI: 10.1177/0733464821990485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study examined the extent to which leisure activities were related to different forms of social support and its association with positive affect. A secondary data analysis was employed using data drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in 2014. The study sample was composed of 4,303 individuals whose ages ranged from 65 to 105 (M = 75.78, SD = 7.42; 57.8% females). Employing bootstrapping technique, the hypothesized relationship between leisure, social support, and positive affect was examined. Mediating effect of social support was also determined. Results indicated that leisure activity, social support, and positive affect were significantly associated, but the relationship varied. The study findings expanded our understanding of the divergent leisure paths to positive social support and emotional well-being of the older adults. Promoting diverse recreational settings is necessary in leisure interventions that can facilitate frequent and positive social exchanges in both in-home and out-of-home environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoo Lee
- University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jungsu Ryu
- Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jinmoo Heo
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Krendl AC, Perry BL. The Impact of Sheltering in Place During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Older Adults' Social and Mental Well-Being. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:e53-e58. [PMID: 32778899 PMCID: PMC7454869 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined whether social isolation due to the COVID-19 shelter-in-place orders was associated with greater loneliness and depression for older adults, and, if so, whether declines in social engagement or relationship strength moderated that relationship. METHODS Between April 21 and May 21, 2020, 93 older adults in the United States who had completed measures characterizing their personal social networks, subjective loneliness, and depression 6-9 months prior to the pandemic completed the same measures via phone interview, as well as questions about the impact of the pandemic on their social relationships. RESULTS Older adults reported higher depression and greater loneliness following the onset of the pandemic. Loneliness positively predicted depression. Perceived relationship strength, but not social engagement, moderated this relationship such that loneliness only predicted depression for individuals who became closer to their networks during the pandemic. For those who felt less close, depression was higher irrespective of loneliness. DISCUSSION The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected older adults' mental health and social well-being in the short term. Potential long-term impacts are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Krendl
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Brea L Perry
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington
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