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Tong Y, Lu X, Shen D, Rao L, Zou L, Lyu S, Hou L, Sun G, Chen L. Identification and characterization of emGalaseE, a β-1,4 galactosidase from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, and its application on living cell surface. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131766. [PMID: 38657932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The biological function of terminal galactose on glycoprotein is an open field of research. Although progress had being made on enzymes that can remove the terminal galactose on glycoproteins, there is a lack of report on galactosidases that can work directly on living cells. In this study, a unique beta 1,4 galactosidase was isolated from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (Em). It exhibited favorable stability at various temperatures (4-37 °C) and pH (5-8) levels and can remove β-1, 4 linked galactoses directly from glycoproteins. Using Alanine scanning, we found that two acidic residues (Glu-468, and Glu-531) in the predicted active pocket are critical for galactosidase activity. In addition, we also demonstrated that it could cleave galactose residues present on living cell surface. As this enzyme has a potential application for living cell glycan editing, we named it emGalaseE or glycan-editing galactosidase I (csgeGalaseI). In summary, our findings lay the groundwork for further investigation by presenting a simple and effective approach for the removal of galactose moieties from cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Tong
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinrong Lu
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Danfeng Shen
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Rao
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaoxian Lyu
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Linlin Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Guiqin Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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2
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Mahara G, Tian C, Xu X, Zhu J. Breakthrough of glycobiology in the 21st century. Front Immunol 2023. [DOI: doi 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As modern medicine began to emerge at the turn of the 20th century, glycan-based therapies advanced. DNA- and protein-centered therapies became widely available. The research and development of structurally defined carbohydrates have led to new tools and methods that have sparked interest in the therapeutic applications of glycans. One of the latest omics disciplines to emerge in the contemporary post-genomics age is glycomics. In addition, to providing hope for patients and people with different health conditions through a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of common complex diseases, this new specialty in system sciences has much to offer to communities involved in the development of diagnostics and therapeutics in medicine and life sciences.This review focuses on recent developments that have pushed glycan-based therapies into the spotlight in medicine and the technologies powering these initiatives, which we can take as the most significant success of the 21st century.
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Mahara G, Tian C, Xu X, Zhu J. Breakthrough of glycobiology in the 21st century. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1071360. [PMID: 36685548 PMCID: PMC9850147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As modern medicine began to emerge at the turn of the 20th century, glycan-based therapies advanced. DNA- and protein-centered therapies became widely available. The research and development of structurally defined carbohydrates have led to new tools and methods that have sparked interest in the therapeutic applications of glycans. One of the latest omics disciplines to emerge in the contemporary post-genomics age is glycomics. In addition, to providing hope for patients and people with different health conditions through a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of common complex diseases, this new specialty in system sciences has much to offer to communities involved in the development of diagnostics and therapeutics in medicine and life sciences.This review focuses on recent developments that have pushed glycan-based therapies into the spotlight in medicine and the technologies powering these initiatives, which we can take as the most significant success of the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehendra Mahara
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuihong Tian
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xiaojia Xu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Infection Control, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Jinxiu Zhu,
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Xie Y, Butler M. Construction of InstantPC derivatized glycan GU database: A foundation work for high-throughput and high-sensitivity glycomic analysis. Glycobiology 2021; 32:289-303. [PMID: 34972858 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is well-recognized as a critical quality attribute of biotherapeutics being routinely monitored to ensure desired product quality, safety, and efficacy. Additionally, as one of the most prominent and complex post-translational modifications, glycosylation plays a key role in disease manifestation. Changes in glycosylation may serve as a specific and sensitive biomarker for disease diagnostics and prognostics. However, the conventional 2-aminobenzamide based N-glycosylation analysis procedure is time-consuming and insensitive, with poor reproducibility. We have evaluated an innovative streamlined 96-well-plate-based platform utilizing InstantPC label for high-throughput, high-sensitivity glycan profiling, which is user-friendly, robust, and ready for automation. However, the limited availability of InstantPC labelled glycan standards has significantly hampered the applicability and transferability of this platform for expedited glycan structural profiling. To address this challenge, we have constructed a detailed InstantPC labelled glycan glucose unit database through analysis of human serum and a variety of other glycoproteins from various sources. Following preliminary hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection separation and analysis, glycoproteins with complex glycan profiles were subjected to further fractionation by weak anion exchange hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and exoglycosidase sequential digestion for cross-validation of the glycan assignment. Hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was subsequently utilised for glycan fragmentation and accurate glycan mass confirmation. The constructed InstantPC glycan GU database is accurate and robust. It is believed that this database will enhance the application of the developed platform for high-throughput, high-sensitivity glycan profiling, and eventually advance glycan-based biopharmaceutical production and disease biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Xie
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Butler
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Quelhas D, Martins E, Azevedo L, Bandeira A, Diogo L, Garcia P, Sequeira S, Ferreira AC, Teles EL, Rodrigues E, Fortuna AM, Mendonça C, Fernandes HC, Medeira A, Gaspar A, Janeiro P, Oliveira A, Laranjeira F, Ribeiro I, Souche E, Race V, Keldermans L, Matthijs G, Jaeken J. Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation in Portugal-Two Decades of Experience. J Pediatr 2021; 231:148-156. [PMID: 33340551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of both new and previously reported patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) diagnosed in Portugal over the last 20 years. STUDY DESIGN The cohort includes patients with an unexplained multisystem or single organ involvement, with or without psychomotor disability. Serum sialotransferrin isoforms and, whenever necessary, apolipoprotein CIII isoforms and glycan structures were analyzed. Additional studies included measurement of phosphomannomutase (PMM) activity and analysis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides in fibroblasts. Sanger sequencing and massive parallel sequencing were used to identify causal variants or the affected gene, respectively. RESULTS Sixty-three individuals were diagnosed covering 14 distinct CDGs; 43 patients diagnosed postnatally revealed a type 1, 14 a type 2, and 2 a normal pattern on serum transferrin isoelectrofocusing. The latter patients were identified by whole exome sequencing. Nine of them presented also a hypoglycosylation pattern on apolipoprotein CIII isoelectrofocusing, pointing to an associated O-glycosylation defect. Most of the patients (62%) are PMM2-CDG and the remaining carry pathogenic variants in ALG1, ATP6AP1, ATP6AP2, ATP6V0A2, CCDC115, COG1, COG4, DPAGT1, MAN1B1, SLC35A2, SRD5A3, RFT1, or PGM1. CONCLUSIONS Portuguese patients with CDGs are presented in this report, some of them showing unique clinical phenotypes. Among the 14 genes mutated in Portuguese individuals, 8 are shared with a previously reported Spanish cohort. However, regarding the mutational spectrum of PMM2-CDG, the most frequent CDG, a striking similarity between the 2 populations was found, as only 1 mutated allele found in the Portuguese group has not been reported in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Quelhas
- Unidade de Bioquímica Genética, Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, UP, Porto, Portugal; Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Esmeralda Martins
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, UP, Porto, Portugal; Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Azevedo
- i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Population Genetics and Evolution Group, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; FCUP-Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Bandeira
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Diogo
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Garcia
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Sequeira
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Ferreira
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisa Leão Teles
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de S João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Esmeralda Rodrigues
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de S João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Fortuna
- Unidade de Genética Médica, Centro Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Mendonça
- Centro de Neuropediatria e Desenvolvimento, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Ana Gaspar
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Sta Maria, CHLN, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Janeiro
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Sta Maria, CHLN, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anabela Oliveira
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Sta Maria, CHLN, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Laranjeira
- Unidade de Bioquímica Genética, Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaura Ribeiro
- Unidade de Bioquímica Genética, Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Erica Souche
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Race
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Gert Matthijs
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Wilson MP, Quelhas D, Leão‐Teles E, Sturiale L, Rymen D, Keldermans L, Race V, Souche E, Rodrigues E, Campos T, Van Schaftingen E, Foulquier F, Garozzo D, Matthijs G, Jaeken J. SLC37A4-CDG: Second patient. JIMD Rep 2021; 58:122-128. [PMID: 33728255 PMCID: PMC7932867 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a disorder caused by the heterozygous de novo c.1267C>T (p.R423*) substitution in SLC37A4 has been described. This causes mislocalization of the glucose-6-phosphate transporter to the Golgi leading to a congenital disorder of glycosylation type II (SLC37A4-CDG). Only one patient has been reported showing liver disease that improved with age and mild dysmorphism. Here we report the second patient with a type II CDG caused by the same heterozygous de novo c.1267C>T (p.R423*) mutation thereby confirming the pathogenicity of this variant and expanding the clinical picture with type 1 diabetes, severe scoliosis, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Additional clinical and biochemical data provide further insight into the mechanism and prognosis of SLC37A4-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Wilson
- Laboratory for Molecular DiagnosisCenter for Human Genetics, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Dulce Quelhas
- Centro de Genetica Medica Jacinto de Magalhaes, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São JoãoPortoPortugal
| | - Elisa Leão‐Teles
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São JoãoPortoPortugal
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)CataniaItaly
| | - Daisy Rymen
- Department of PediatricsCenter for Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Liesbeth Keldermans
- Laboratory for Molecular DiagnosisCenter for Human Genetics, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Valérie Race
- Laboratory for Molecular DiagnosisCenter for Human Genetics, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Erika Souche
- Laboratory for Molecular DiagnosisCenter for Human Genetics, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Esmeralda Rodrigues
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São JoãoPortoPortugal
| | - Teresa Campos
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São JoãoPortoPortugal
| | | | - François Foulquier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et FonctionnelleLilleFrance
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)CataniaItaly
| | - Gert Matthijs
- Laboratory for Molecular DiagnosisCenter for Human Genetics, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Department of PediatricsCenter for Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Serum N-Glycomics Stratifies Bacteremic Patients Infected with Different Pathogens. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030516. [PMID: 33535571 PMCID: PMC7867038 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteremia—i.e., the presence of pathogens in the blood stream—is associated with long-term morbidity and is a potential precursor condition to life-threatening sepsis. Timely detection of bacteremia is therefore critical to reduce patient mortality, but existing methods lack precision, speed, and sensitivity to effectively stratify bacteremic patients. Herein, we tested the potential of quantitative serum N-glycomics performed using porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to stratify bacteremic patients infected with Escherichia coli (n = 11), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 11), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 5), and Streptococcus viridans (n = 5) from healthy donors (n = 39). In total, 62 N-glycan isomers spanning 41 glycan compositions primarily comprising complex-type core fucosylated, bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), and α2,3-/α2,6-sialylated structures were profiled across all samples using label-free quantitation. Excitingly, unsupervised hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis of the serum N-glycome data accurately separated the patient groups. P. aeruginosa-infected patients displayed prominent N-glycome aberrations involving elevated levels of fucosylation and bisecting GlcNAcylation and reduced sialylation relative to other bacteremic patients. Notably, receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated that a single N-glycan isomer could effectively stratify each of the four bacteremic patient groups from the healthy donors (area under the curve 0.93–1.00). Thus, the serum N-glycome represents a new hitherto unexplored class of potential diagnostic markers for bloodstream infections.
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8
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Habazin S, Štambuk J, Šimunović J, Keser T, Razdorov G, Novokmet M. Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin G N-Glycosylation Analysis. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:73-135. [PMID: 34687008 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry and its hyphenated techniques enabled by the improvements in liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, novel ionization, and fragmentation modes are truly a cornerstone of robust and reliable protein glycosylation analysis. Boost in immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycan and glycopeptide profiling demands for both applied biomedical and research applications has brought many new advances in the field in terms of technical innovations, sample preparation, improved throughput, and confidence in glycan structural characterization. This chapter summarizes mass spectrometry basics, focusing on IgG and monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation analysis on several complexity levels. Different approaches, including antibody enrichment, glycan release, labeling, and glycopeptide preparation and purification, are covered and illustrated with recent breakthroughs and examples from the literature omitting excessive theoretical frameworks. Finally, selected highly popular methodologies in IgG glycoanalytics such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization are discussed more thoroughly yet in simple terms making this text a practical starting point either for the beginner in the field or an experienced clinician trying to make sense out of the IgG glycomic or glycoproteomic dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siniša Habazin
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Štambuk
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Mislav Novokmet
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.
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Abstract
Glycobiology is a glycan-based field of study that focuses on the structure, function, and biology of carbohydrates, and glycomics is a sub-study of the field of glycobiology that aims to define structure/function of glycans in living organisms. With the popularity of the glycobiology and glycomics, application of computational modeling expanded in the scientific area of glycobiology over the last decades. The recent availability of progressive Wet-Lab methods in the field of glycobiology and glycomics is promising for the impact of systems biology on the research area of the glycome, an emerging field that is termed “systems glycobiology.” This chapter will summarize the up-to-date leading edge in the use of bioinformatics tools in the field of glycobiology. The chapter provides basic knowledge both for glycobiologists interested in the application of bioinformatics tools and scientists of computational biology interested in studying the glycome.
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Yamaguchi Y, Barb AW. A synopsis of recent developments defining how N-glycosylation impacts immunoglobulin G structure and function. Glycobiology 2020; 30:214-225. [PMID: 31822882 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are the fastest growing group of drugs with 11 new antibodies or antibody-drug conjugates approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2018. Many mAbs require effector function for efficacy, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity triggered following contact of an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-coated particle with activating crystallizable fragment (Fc) γ receptors (FcγRs) expressed by leukocytes. Interactions between IgG1 and the FcγRs require post-translational modification of the Fc with an asparagine-linked carbohydrate (N-glycan). Though the structure of IgG1 Fc and the role of Fc N-glycan composition on disease were known for decades, the underlying mechanism of how the N-glycan affected FcγR binding was not defined until recently. This review will describe the current understanding of how N-glycosylation impacts the structure and function of the IgG1 Fc and describe new techniques that are poised to provide the next critical breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam W Barb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
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11
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CDG biochemical screening: Where do we stand? Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Messina A, Palmigiano A, Esposito F, Fiumara A, Bordugo A, Barone R, Sturiale L, Jaeken J, Garozzo D. HILIC-UPLC-MS for high throughput and isomeric N-glycan separation and characterization in Congenital Disorders Glycosylation and human diseases. Glycoconj J 2020; 38:201-211. [PMID: 32915358 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
N-glycan analyses may serve uncovering disease-associated biomarkers, as well as for profiling distinctive changes supporting diagnosis of genetic disorders of glycan biosynthesis named congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Strategies based on liquid chromatography (LC) preferentially coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI) - mass spectrometry (MS) have emerged as powerful analytical methods for N-glycan identification and characterization. To enhance detection sensitivity, glycans are commonly labelled with a functional tag prior to LC-MS analysis. Since most derivatization techniques are notoriously time-consuming, some commercial analytical kits have been developed to speed up N-deglycosylation and N-glycan labelling of glycoproteins of pharmaceutical and biological interest such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We exploited the analytical capabilities of RapiFluor-MS (RFMS) to perform, by a slightly modified protocol, a detailed N-glycan characterization of total serum and single serum glycoproteins from specific patients with CDG (MAN1B1-CDG, ALG12-CDG, MOGS-CDG, TMEM199-CDG). This strategy, accomplished by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC-ESI-MS separation of the RFMS derivatized N-glycans, allowed us to uncover structural details of patients serum released N-glycans, thus extending the current knowledge on glycan profiles in these individual glycosylation diseases. The applied methodology enabled to differentiate in some cases either structural isomers and isomers differing in the linkage type. All the here reported applications demonstrated that RFMS method, coupled to HILIC-UPLC-ESI-MS, represents a sensitive high throughput approach for serum N-glycome analysis and a valuable option for glycan detection and separation particularly for isomeric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Messina
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB, Catania, Italy
| | - Angelo Palmigiano
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Esposito
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB, Catania, Italy
- IOM Ricerca S.r.l, Viagrande, CT, Italy
| | - Agata Fiumara
- Pediatric Clinic- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Bordugo
- Department of Mother and Child, Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rita Barone
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB, Catania, Italy
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB, Catania, Italy
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, UZ and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB, Catania, Italy.
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13
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O'Flaherty R, Muniyappa M, Walsh I, Stöckmann H, Hilliard M, Hutson R, Saldova R, Rudd PM. A Robust and Versatile Automated Glycoanalytical Technology for Serum Antibodies and Acute Phase Proteins: Ovarian Cancer Case Study. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2191-2206. [PMID: 31471495 PMCID: PMC6823853 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct association of the genome, transcriptome, metabolome, lipidome and proteome with the serum glycome has revealed systems of interconnected cellular pathways. The exact roles of individual glycoproteomes in the context of disease have yet to be elucidated. In a move toward personalized medicine, it is now becoming critical to understand disease pathogenesis, and the traits, stages, phenotypes and molecular features that accompany it, as the disruption of a whole system. To this end, we have developed an innovative technology on an automated platform, "GlycoSeqCap," which combines N-glycosylation data from six glycoproteins using a single source of human serum. Specifically, we multiplexed and optimized a successive serial capture and glycoanalysis of six purified glycoproteins, immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin A (IgA), transferrin (Trf), haptoglobin (Hpt) and alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), from 50 μl of human serum. We provide the most comprehensive and in-depth glycan analysis of individual glycoproteins in a single source of human serum to date. To demonstrate the technological application in the context of a disease model, we performed a pilot study in an ovarian cancer cohort (n = 34) using discrimination and classification analyses to identify aberrant glycosylation. In our sample cohort, we exhibit improved selectivity and specificity over the currently used biomarker for ovarian cancer, CA125, for early stage ovarian cancer. This technology will establish a new state-of-the-art strategy for the characterization of individual serum glycoproteomes as a diagnostic and monitoring tool which represents a major step toward understanding the changes that take place during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín O'Flaherty
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland, A94X099
| | - Mohankumar Muniyappa
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland, A94X099
| | - Ian Walsh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Henning Stöckmann
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland, A94X099
| | - Mark Hilliard
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland, A94X099
| | - Richard Hutson
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre at Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland, A94X099; UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland, A94X099
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14
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Regan P, McClean PL, Smyth T, Doherty M. Early Stage Glycosylation Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6030092. [PMID: 31484367 PMCID: PMC6789538 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of great cause for concern in our ageing population, which currently lacks diagnostic tools to permit accurate and timely diagnosis for affected individuals. The development of such tools could enable therapeutic interventions earlier in the disease course and thus potentially reducing the debilitating effects of AD. Glycosylation is a common, and important, post translational modification of proteins implicated in a host of disease states resulting in a complex array of glycans being incorporated into biomolecules. Recent investigations of glycan profiles, in a wide range of conditions, has been made possible due to technological advances in the field enabling accurate glycoanalyses. Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, tau protein, and other important proteins involved in AD pathogenesis, have altered glycosylation profiles. Crucially, these abnormalities present early in the disease state, are present in the peripheral blood, and help to distinguish AD from other dementias. This review describes the aberrant glycome in AD, focusing on proteins implicated in development and progression, and elucidates the potential of glycome aberrations as early stage biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Regan
- Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland.
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland.
| | - Paula L McClean
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Clinical Translational Research and Innovation Centre, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Glenshane Road, Derry BT47 6SB, UK
| | - Thomas Smyth
- Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - Margaret Doherty
- Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
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15
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Behrens AJ, Duke RM, Petralia LMC, Lehoux S, Carlow CKS, Taron CH, Foster JM. Changes in canine serum N-glycosylation as a result of infection with the heartworm parasite Dirofilaria immitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16625. [PMID: 30413744 PMCID: PMC6226445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Filariases are diseases caused by infection with filarial nematodes and transmitted by insect vectors. The filarial roundworm Dirofilaria immitis causes heartworm disease in dogs and other carnivores. D. immitis is closely related to Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, which cause onchocerciasis (river blindness) and lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) in humans and are neglected tropical diseases. Serum N-glycosylation is very sensitive to both pathological infections and changes in mammalian biology due to normal aging or lifestyle choices. Here, we report significant changes in the serum N-glycosylation profiles of dogs infected with D. immitis. Our data derive from analysis of serum from dogs with established patent infections and from a longitudinal infection study. Overall, galactosylation and core fucosylation increase, while sialylation decreases in infected dog sera. We also identify individual glycan structures that change significantly in their relative abundance during infection. Notably, the abundance of the most dominant N-glycan in canine serum (biantennary, disialylated A2G2S2) decreases by over 10 percentage points during the first 6 months of infection in each dog analyzed. This is the first longitudinal study linking changes in mammalian serum N-glycome to progression of a parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca M Duke
- New England Biolabs Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, 01938, USA
| | | | - Sylvain Lehoux
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Jeremy M Foster
- New England Biolabs Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, 01938, USA.
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16
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Gudelj I, Lauc G, Pezer M. Immunoglobulin G glycosylation in aging and diseases. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:65-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Structural analysis of N-/O-glycans assembled on proteins in yeasts. J Microbiol 2018; 56:11-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-7468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Advanced LC-MS Methods for N-Glycan Characterization. ADVANCES IN THE USE OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY (LC-MS) - INSTRUMENTATION DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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19
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Chen Z, Zhong X, Tie C, Chen B, Zhang X, Li L. Development of a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometric imaging platform for N-glycan relative quantitation using stable-isotope labeled hydrazide reagents. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4437-4447. [PMID: 28540462 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the capability of newly developed hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-MSI) platform for quantitative analysis of N-glycans has been demonstrated. As a proof-of-principle experiment, heavy and light stable-isotope labeled hydrazide reagents labeled maltodextrin ladder were used to demonstrate the feasibility of the HILIC-MALDI-MSI platform for reliable quantitative analysis of N-glycans. MALDI-MSI analysis by an Orbitrap mass spectrometer enabled high-resolution and high-sensitivity detection of N-glycans eluted from HILIC column, allowing the re-construction of LC chromatograms as well as accurate mass measurements for structural inference. MALDI-MSI analysis of the collected LC traces showed that the chromatographic resolution was preserved. The N-glycans released from human serum was used to demonstrate the utility of this novel platform in quantitative analysis of N-glycans from a complex sample. Benefiting from the minimized ion suppression provided by HILIC separation, comparison between MALDI-MS and the newly developed platform HILIC-MALDI-MSI revealed that HILIC-MALDI-MSI provided higher N-glycan coverage as well as better quantitation accuracy in the quantitative analysis of N-glycans released from human serum. Graphical abstract Reconstructed chromatograms based on HILIC-MALDI-MSI results of heavy and light labeled maltodextrin enabling quantitative glycan analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Xuefei Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Cai Tie
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bingming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Xinxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, No.92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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20
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Biermann MHC, Griffante G, Podolska MJ, Boeltz S, Stürmer J, Muñoz LE, Bilyy R, Herrmann M. Sweet but dangerous - the role of immunoglobulin G glycosylation in autoimmunity and inflammation. Lupus 2017; 25:934-42. [PMID: 27252272 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316640368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is well-known to modulate the functional capabilities of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated cellular and humoral responses. Indeed, highly sialylated and desialylated IgG is endowed with anti- and pro-inflammatory activities, respectively, whereas fully deglycosylated IgG is a rather lame duck, with no effector function besides toxin neutralization. Recently, several studies revealed the impact of different glycosylation patterns on the Fc part and Fab fragment of IgG in several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we provide a synoptic update summarizing the most important aspects of antibody glycosylation, and the current progress in this field. We also discuss the therapeutic options generated by the modification of the glycosylation of IgG in a potential treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H C Biermann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Griffante
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M J Podolska
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Boeltz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Stürmer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L E Muñoz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Bilyy
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - M Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Dong X, Qin H, Mao J, Yu D, Li X, Shen A, Yan J, Yu L, Guo Z, Ye M, Zou H, Liang X. In-Depth Analysis of Glycoprotein Sialylation in Serum Using a Dual-Functional Material with Superior Hydrophilicity and Switchable Surface Charge. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3966-3972. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Dong
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Mao
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongping Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Aijin Shen
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Long Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Hanfa Zou
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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22
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Gugliotta A, Ceaglio N, Raud B, Forno G, Mauro L, Kratje R, Oggero M. Glycosylation and antiproliferative activity of hyperglycosylated IFN-α2 potentiate HEK293 cells as biofactories. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 112:119-131. [PMID: 27867113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Both CHO and HEK cells are interesting hosts for the production of biotherapeutics due to their ability to introduce post-translational modifications such as glycosylation. Even though oligosaccharide structures attached to proteins are conserved among eukaryotes, many differences have been found between therapeutic glycoproteins expressed in hamster and human derived cells. In this work, a hyperglycosylated IFN-α2b mutein (IFN4N) was produced in CHO and HEK cell lines and an extensive characterization of their properties was performed. IFN4NCHO exhibited a higher average molecular mass and more acidic isoforms compared to IFN4NHEK. In agreement with these results, a 2-times higher sialic acid content was found for IFN4NCHO in comparison with the HEK-derived protein. This result was in agreement with monosaccharide quantification and glycan's analysis using WAX chromatography and HILIC coupled to mass spectrometry; all methods supported the existence of highly sialylated and also branched structures for IFN4NCHO glycans, in contrast with smaller and truncated structures among IFN4NHEK glycans. Unexpectedly, those remarkable differences in the glycosylation pattern had not a considerable impact on the clearance rate of both molecules in rats. In fact, although IFN4NHEK reached maximum plasma concentration 3-times faster than IFN4NCHO, their elimination profile did not differ significantly. Also, despite the in vitro antiviral specific biological activity of both proteins was the same, IFN4NHEK was more efficient as an antiproliferative agent in different tumor-derived cell lines. Accordingly, IFN4NHEK showed a higher in vivo antitumor activity in animal models. Our results show the importance of an appropriate host selection to set up a bioprocess and potentiate the use of HEK293 cells for the production of a new hyperglycosylated protein-based pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Gugliotta
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria UNL.C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ceaglio
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria UNL.C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Brenda Raud
- UNL, FBCB, Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria UNL.C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Guillermina Forno
- UNL, FBCB, Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria UNL.C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina; Zelltek S.A., PTLC RN 168, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Laura Mauro
- Zelltek S.A., PTLC RN 168, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Kratje
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria UNL.C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcos Oggero
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria UNL.C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Monticelli M, Ferro T, Jaeken J, Dos Reis Ferreira V, Videira PA. Immunological aspects of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG): a review. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:765-780. [PMID: 27393411 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-016-9954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a rapidly growing family of genetic diseases comprising more than 85 known distinct disorders. They show a great phenotypic variability ranging from multi-organ/system to mono-organ/system involvement with very mild to extremely severe expression. Immunological dysfunction has a significant impact on the phenotype in a minority of CDG. CDG with major immunological involvement are ALG12-CDG, MAGT1-CDG, MOGS-CDG, SLC35C1-CDG and PGM3-CDG. This review discusses the variety of immunological abnormalities reported in human CDG. Understanding the immunological aspects of CDG may contribute to a better management/treatment of these pathologies and possibly of more common diseases, such as inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monticelli
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School / Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Tiago Ferro
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School / Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal
- Center for Metabolic Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Dos Reis Ferreira
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Lisbon, Portugal.
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Paula A Videira
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School / Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal.
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24
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Structural characterization of GASDALIE Fc bound to the activating Fc receptor FcγRIIIa. J Struct Biol 2016; 194:78-89. [PMID: 26850169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Fc region of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) initiates inflammatory responses such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) through binding to activating Fc receptors (FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa). These receptors are expressed on the surface of immune cells including macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. An inhibitory receptor, FcγRIIb, is expressed on macrophages and other myeloid leukocytes simultaneously with the activating receptor FcγRIIa, thereby setting a threshold for cell activation. The affinity of IgG Fc for binding activating Fc receptors depends on IgG subclass and the composition of N-linked glycans attached to a conserved asparagine in the Fc CH2 domain. For example, Fc regions with afucosylated glycans bind more tightly to FcγRIIIa than fucosylated Fc, and afucosylated Fcs exhibit enhanced ADCC activity in vivo and in vitro. Enhanced pro-inflammatory responses have also been seen for Fc regions with amino acid substitutions. GASDALIE Fc is an Fc mutant (G236A/S239D/A330L/I332E) that exhibits a higher affinity for FcγRIIIa and increased effector functions in vivo compared to wild-type Fc. To explore its altered functions, we compared the affinities of GASDALIE and wild-type Fc for activating and inhibitory FcγRs. We also determined the crystal structure of GASDALIE Fc alone and bound to FcγRIIIa. The overall structure of GASDALIE Fc alone was similar to wild-type Fc structures, however, increased electrostatic interactions in the GASDALIE Fc:FcγRIIIa interface compared with other Fc:FcγR structures suggest a mechanism for the increased affinity of GASDALIE Fc for FcγRIIIa.
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25
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Clinical diagnostics and therapy monitoring in the congenital disorders of glycosylation. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:345-58. [PMID: 26739145 PMCID: PMC4891361 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal protein glycosylation is observed in many common disorders like cancer, inflammation, Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes. However, the actual use of this information in clinical diagnostics is still very limited. Information is usually derived from analysis of total serum N-glycan profiling methods, whereas the current use of glycoprotein biomarkers in the clinical setting is commonly based on protein levels. It can be envisioned that combining protein levels and their glycan isoforms would increase specificity for early diagnosis and therapy monitoring. To establish diagnostic assays, based on the mass spectrometric analysis of protein-specific glycosylation abnormalities, still many technical improvements have to be made. In addition, clinical validation is equally important as well as an understanding of the genetic and environmental factors that determine the protein-specific glycosylation abnormalities. Important lessons can be learned from the group of monogenic disorders in the glycosylation pathway, the Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG). Now that more and more genetic defects are being unraveled, we start to learn how genetic factors influence glycomics profiles of individual and total serum proteins. Although only in its initial stages, such studies suggest the importance to establish diagnostic assays for protein-specific glycosylation profiling, and the need to look beyond the single glycoprotein diagnostic test. Here, we review progress in and lessons from genetic disease, and review the increasing opportunities of mass spectrometry to analyze protein glycosylation in the clinical diagnostic setting. Furthermore, we will discuss the possibilities to expand current CDG diagnostics and how this can be used to approach glycoprotein biomarkers for more common diseases.
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26
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Sić S, Maier NM, Rizzi AM. Quantitative fingerprinting of O-linked glycans released from proteins using isotopic coded labeling with deuterated 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1408:93-100. [PMID: 26184710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of oligosaccharides attached to proteins as post-translational modification remains an important research field in the area of glycoproteomics as well as in biotechnology. The development of new tools for qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycans has gained high importance in recent years. This is particularly true with O-glycans for which quantitative data are still underrepresented in literature. This fact is probably due to the absence of an enzyme for general release of O-linked saccharides from glycoproteins and due to their low ionization yield in mass spectrometry (MS). In this paper, a method is established aimed at improved qualitative and quantitative analysis of mucin-type O-glycans. A chemical reaction combining release and derivatization of O-glycans in one step is combined here with mass spectrometric quantification. For the purpose of improved quantitative analysis, stable-isotope coded labeling by d0/d5 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolidone (PMP) was performed. The "heavy"-version of this label, penta-deutero (d5)-PMP, was synthesized for this purpose. Beneath improving the reproducibility of quantitation, PMP derivatization contributed to an enhancement of ionization yields in MS. By introducing an internal standard (e.g. GlcNAc3) the reproducibility for quantification can be improved. For higher abundant O-glycans a mean coefficient of variation (CV) less than 6% could be attained, for very low abundant CV values between 15 and 20%. For the determination of O-glycan profiles in mixtures, a HPLC separation was combined with a high resolution Qq-oaTOF instrument. RP-type stationary phases were successful in separating glycan species including some of isomeric ones. This separation step was particularly useful for removing of salts avoiding so the presence of various sodium clusters in the MS spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siniša Sić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert M Maier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas M Rizzi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Abrahams JL, Packer NH, Campbell MP. Relative quantitation of multi-antennary N-glycan classes: combining PGC-LC-ESI-MS with exoglycosidase digestion. Analyst 2015; 140:5444-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00691k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the search for N-glycan disease biomarkers current glycoanalytical methods may not be revealing a complete picture of precious samples, and we may be missing valuable structural information that fall outside analysis windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Abrahams
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- Macquarie University
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - N. H. Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- Macquarie University
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - M. P. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- Macquarie University
- Sydney
- Australia
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28
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Ho CH, Chien RN, Cheng PN, Liu JH, Liu CK, Su CS, Wu IC, Li IC, Tsai HW, Wu SL, Liu WC, Chen SH, Chang TT. Aberrant Serum Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation in Chronic Hepatitis B Is Associated With Histological Liver Damage and Reversible by Antiviral Therapy. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:115-24. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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29
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Wang J, Zhou C, Zhang W, Yao J, Lu H, Dong Q, Zhou H, Qin L. An integrative strategy for quantitative analysis of the N-glycoproteome in complex biological samples. Proteome Sci 2014; 12:4. [PMID: 24428921 PMCID: PMC3923275 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-12-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The complexity of protein glycosylation makes it difficult to characterize glycosylation patterns on a proteomic scale. In this study, we developed an integrated strategy for comparatively analyzing N-glycosylation/glycoproteins quantitatively from complex biological samples in a high-throughput manner. This strategy entailed separating and enriching glycopeptides/glycoproteins using lectin affinity chromatography, and then tandem labeling them with 18O/16O to generate a mass shift of 6 Da between the paired glycopeptides, and finally analyzing them with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the automatic quantitative method we developed based on Mascot Distiller. Results The accuracy and repeatability of this strategy were first verified using standard glycoproteins; linearity was maintained within a range of 1:10–10:1. The peptide concentration ratios obtained by the self-build quantitative method were similar to both the manually calculated and theoretical values, with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.023–0.186 for glycopeptides. The feasibility of the strategy was further confirmed with serum from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and healthy individuals; the expression of 44 glycopeptides and 30 glycoproteins were significantly different between HCC patient and control serum. Conclusions This strategy is accurate, repeatable, and efficient, and may be a useful tool for identification of disease-related N-glycosylation/glycoprotein changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Haijun Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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30
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Coss KP, Hawkes CP, Adamczyk B, Stöckmann H, Crushell E, Saldova R, Knerr I, Rubio-Gozalbo ME, Monavari AA, Rudd PM, Treacy EP. N-Glycan Abnormalities in Children with Galactosemia. J Proteome Res 2013; 13:385-94. [DOI: 10.1021/pr4008305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen P. Coss
- University College Dublin (UCD), Clinical Research
Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin P. Hawkes
- National
Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders (NCIMD), Children’s University Hospital, Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barbara Adamczyk
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), GlycoScience Group, Mount
Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Henning Stöckmann
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), GlycoScience Group, Mount
Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ellen Crushell
- National
Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders (NCIMD), Children’s University Hospital, Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), GlycoScience Group, Mount
Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ina Knerr
- National
Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders (NCIMD), Children’s University Hospital, Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ardeshir A. Monavari
- National
Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders (NCIMD), Children’s University Hospital, Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), GlycoScience Group, Mount
Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen P. Treacy
- National
Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders (NCIMD), Children’s University Hospital, Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College, College Green, Dublin, Ireland
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31
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Fibrinogen-specific antibody induces abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice through complement lectin pathway activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E4335-44. [PMID: 24167262 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1315512110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common vascular disease associated with high mortality rate due to progressive enlargement and eventual rupture. There is currently no established therapy known to alter the rate of aneurysmal expansion. Thus, understanding the processes that initiate and sustain aneurysmal growth is pivotal for the development of medical therapies aimed at halting disease progression. Using an elastase-induced AAA mouse model that recapitulates key features of human AAA, we previously reported that a natural IgG antibody directs alternative pathway complement activation and initiates the inflammatory process that culminates in aneurysmal development. The target of this natural antibody, however, was unknown. Herein we identify a natural IgG that binds to fibrinogen deposited in elastase-perfused aortic tissues, activates the complement lectin pathway (LP), and induces AAA. Moreover, we establish that alterations in the glycosylation patterns of this antibody critically affect its ability to activate the LP in vivo. We find that LP activation precedes the alternative pathway and absence of the LP complement protein mannan-binding lectin abrogates elastase-induced AAA. In human AAA tissues the mouse anti-fibrinogen antibody recognizes epitopes that localize to the same areas that stain positively for mannan-binding lectin, which suggests that the complement LP is engaged in humans as well. Lastly, we demonstrate that circulating antibodies in a subset of AAA patients react against fibrinogen or fibrinogen-associated epitopes in human aneurysmal tissues. Our findings support the concept that an autoimmune process directed at aortic wall self-antigens may play a central role in the immunopathogenesis of AAA.
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32
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Yang S, Zhang H. Solid-phase glycan isolation for glycomics analysis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 6:596-608. [PMID: 23090885 PMCID: PMC3674833 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most significant protein PTMs. The biological activities of proteins are dramatically changed by the glycans associated with them. Thus, structural analysis of the glycans of glycoproteins in complex biological or clinical samples is critical in correlation with the functions of glycans with diseases. Profiling of glycans by HPLC-MS is a commonly used technique in analyzing glycan structures and quantifying their relative abundance in different biological systems. Methods relied on MS require isolation of glycans from negligible salts and other contaminant ions since salts and ions may interfere with the glycans, resulting in poor glycan ionization. To accomplish those objectives, glycan isolation and clean-up methods including SPE, liquid-phase extraction, chromatography, and electrophoresis have been developed. Traditionally, glycans are isolated from proteins or peptides using a combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic columns: proteins and peptides remain on hydrophobic absorbent while glycans, salts, and other hydrophilic reagents are collected as flowthrough. The glycans in the flowthrough are then purified through graphite-activated carbon column by hydrophilic interaction LC. Yet, the drawback in these affinity-based approaches is nonspecific binding. As a result, chemical methods by hydrazide or oxime have been developed for solid-phase isolation of glycans with high specificity and yield. Combined with high-resolution MS, specific glycan isolation techniques provide tremendous potentials as useful tools for glycomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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33
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Bowden TA, Baruah K, Coles CH, Harvey DJ, Yu X, Song BD, Stuart DI, Aricescu AR, Scanlan CN, Jones EY, Crispin M. Chemical and structural analysis of an antibody folding intermediate trapped during glycan biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17554-63. [PMID: 23025485 PMCID: PMC3593610 DOI: 10.1021/ja306068g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Human IgG Fc glycosylation modulates immunological effector
functions
such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis.
Engineering of Fc glycans therefore enables fine-tuning of the therapeutic
properties of monoclonal antibodies. The N-linked glycans of Fc are
typically complex-type, forming a network of noncovalent interactions
along the protein surface of the Cγ2 domain. Here, we manipulate
the mammalian glycan-processing pathway to trap IgG1 Fc at sequential
stages of maturation, from oligomannose- to hybrid- to complex-type
glycans, and show that the Fc is structurally stabilized following
the transition of glycans from their hybrid- to complex-type state.
X-ray crystallographic analysis of this hybrid-type intermediate reveals
that N-linked glycans undergo conformational changes upon maturation,
including a flip within the trimannosyl core. Our crystal structure
of this intermediate reveals a molecular basis for antibody biogenesis
and provides a template for the structure-guided engineering of the
protein–glycan interface of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.
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34
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Walker SH, Carlisle BC, Muddiman DC. Systematic comparison of reverse phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography platforms for the analysis of N-linked glycans. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8198-206. [PMID: 22954204 PMCID: PMC3689152 DOI: 10.1021/ac3012494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the hydrophilic nature of glycans, reverse phase chromatography has not been widely used as a glycomic separation technique coupled to mass spectrometry. Other approaches such as hydrophilic interaction chromatography and porous graphitized carbon chromatography are often employed, though these strategies frequently suffer from decreased chromatographic resolution, long equilibration times, indefinite retention, and column bleed. Herein, it is shown that, through an efficient hydrazone formation derivatization of N-linked glycans (~4 h of additional sample preparation time which is carried out in parallel), numerous experimental and practical advantages are gained when analyzing the glycans by online reverse phase chromatography. These benefits include an increased number of glycans detected, increased peak capacity of the separation, and the ability to analyze glycans on the identical liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platform commonly used for proteomic analyses. The data presented show that separation of derivatized N-linked glycans by reverse phase chromatography significantly out-performs traditional separation of native or derivatized glycans by hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Furthermore, the movement to a more ubiquitous separation technique will afford numerous research groups the opportunity to analyze both proteomic and glycomic samples on the same platform with minimal time and physical change between experiments, increasing the efficiency of "multiomic" biological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hunter Walker
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Brandon C. Carlisle
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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35
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Barone R, Sturiale L, Palmigiano A, Zappia M, Garozzo D. Glycomics of pediatric and adulthood diseases of the central nervous system. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5123-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Dallas DC, Martin WF, Hua S, German JB. Automated glycopeptide analysis--review of current state and future directions. Brief Bioinform 2012; 14:361-74. [PMID: 22843980 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbs045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins is involved in immune defense, cell-cell adhesion, cellular recognition and pathogen binding and is one of the most common and complex post-translational modifications. Science is still struggling to assign detailed mechanisms and functions to this form of conjugation. Even the structural analysis of glycoproteins-glycoproteomics-remains in its infancy due to the scarcity of high-throughput analytical platforms capable of determining glycopeptide composition and structure, especially platforms for complex biological mixtures. Glycopeptide composition and structure can be determined with high mass-accuracy mass spectrometry, particularly when combined with chromatographic separation, but the sheer volume of generated data necessitates computational software for interpretation. This review discusses the current state of glycopeptide assignment software-advances made to date and issues that remain to be addressed. The various software and algorithms developed so far provide important insights into glycoproteomics. However, there is currently no freely available software that can analyze spectral data in batch and unambiguously determine glycopeptide compositions for N- and O-linked glycopeptides from relevant biological sources such as human milk and serum. Few programs are capable of aiding in structural determination of the glycan component. To significantly advance the field of glycoproteomics, analytical software and algorithms are required that: (i) solve for both N- and O-linked glycopeptide compositions, structures and glycosites in biological mixtures; (ii) are high-throughput and process data in batches; (iii) can interpret mass spectral data from a variety of sources and (iv) are open source and freely available.
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37
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Wada Y, Kadoya M, Okamoto N. Mass spectrometry of apolipoprotein C-III, a simple analytical method for mucin-type O-glycosylation and its application to an autosomal recessive cutis laxa type-2 (ARCL2) patient. Glycobiology 2012; 22:1140-4. [PMID: 22611120 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C-III (apoCIII) is a small glycoprotein with a single mucin-type core-1 oligosaccharide and is analyzed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) for the diagnosis of genetic defects in O-glycan biosynthesis such as congenital disorders of glycosylation. In the present study, mass spectrometry of apoCIII, after a simple procedure for sample preparation using a small amount of serum, was demonstrated to be a reliable alternative to IEF. It allows reproducible glycan profiling and detection of unglycosylated species. This method was applied to an autosomal recessive cutis laxa type-2 patient and demonstrated decreased site occupancy by O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Wada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan.
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38
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Yang HJ, Park KH, Lim DW, Kim HS, Kim J. Analysis of cancer cell lipids using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization 15-T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:621-630. [PMID: 22328215 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A combination of methodologies using the extremely high mass accuracy and resolution of 15-T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (MS) was introduced for the identification of intact cancer cell phospholipids. Lipids from a malignant glioma cell line were initially analyzed at a resolution of >200,000 and identified by setting the mass tolerance to ±1 mDa using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) 15-T FT-ICR MS in positive ion mode. In most cases, a database search of potential lipid candidates using the exact masses of the lipids yielded only one possible chemical composition. Extremely high mass accuracy (<0.1 ppm) was then attained by using previously identified lipids as internal standards. This, combined with an extremely high resolution (>800,000), yielded well-resolved isotopic fine structures allowing for the identification of lipids by MALDI 15-T FT-ICR MS without using tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis. Using this method, a total of 38 unique lipids were successfully identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jik Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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39
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Svoboda M, Mann BF, Goetz JA, Novotny MV. Examination of glycan profiles from IgG-depleted human immunoglobulins facilitated by microscale affinity chromatography. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3269-77. [PMID: 22360417 DOI: 10.1021/ac203336u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the most important proteins involved in disease and healing processes are the immunoglobulins (Igs). Although many of the Igs have been studied through proteomics, aside from IgG, immunoglobulin carbohydrates have not been extensively characterized in different states of health. It seems valuable to develop techniques that permit an understanding of changes in the structures and abundances of Ig glycans in the context of disease onset and progression. We have devised a strategy for characterization of the glycans for the Ig classes other than IgG (i.e., A, D, E, and M) that contain kappa light chains that requires only a few microliters of biological material. First, we designed a microcolumn containing recombinant Protein L that was immobilized on macroporous silica particles. A similarly designed Protein G microcolumn was utilized to first perform an online depletion of the IgG from the sample, human blood serum, and thereby facilitate enrichment of the other Igs. Even though only 3 μL of serum was used in these analyses, we were able to recover a significantly enriched fraction of non-IgG immunoglobulins. The enrichment properties of the Protein L column were characterized using a highly sensitive label-free quantitative proteomics LC-MS/MS approach, and the glycomic profiles of enriched immunoglobulins were measured by MALDI-TOF MS. As a proof of principle, a comparative study was conducted using blood serum from a small group of lung cancer patients and a group of age-matched cancer-free individuals to demonstrate that the method is suitable for investigation of glycosylation changes in disease. The results were in agreement with a glycomic investigation of whole blood serum from a much larger lung cancer cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Svoboda
- Department of Chemistry and National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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40
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Yang SJ, Zhang H. Glycan analysis by reversible reaction to hydrazide beads and mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2232-8. [PMID: 22304307 DOI: 10.1021/ac202769k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Investigation into glycoproteins and their associated glycans is the key to understanding the function of glycoproteins in biological pathways and disease development. Current methods for glycan analysis are generally based on multiple preparation processes to separate glycans from proteins and other molecules prior to analysis. During the multistep purification processes, glycans are continuously lost and the procedure increases the difficulty for accurate quantitative analysis of glycans. Here we describe the development of a novel technique, which uses hydrazide beads to capture glycans. It is based on the conjugation of glycans to hydrazide beads through the formation of reversible hydrazone, washing out unbound nonglycans, then releasing captured glycans by acids. The results showed that the glycans were able to be isolated from concatenate peptides by using hydrazide beads. This technique was also applied to the analysis of glycans from sera sample. The integrated capture-release on the solid-phase simplifies the procedure for glycan preparation from a complex mixture and can be a powerful tool for glycan analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang J Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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41
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Coss KP, Byrne JC, Coman DJ, Adamczyk B, Abrahams JL, Saldova R, Brown AY, Walsh O, Hendroff U, Carolan C, Rudd PM, Treacy EP. IgG N-glycans as potential biomarkers for determining galactose tolerance in Classical Galactosaemia. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 105:212-20. [PMID: 22133299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
N-glycan processing and assembly defects have been demonstrated in untreated and partially treated patients with Classical Galactosaemia. These defects may contribute to the ongoing pathophysiology of this disease. The aim of this study was to develop an informative method of studying differential galactose tolerance levels and diet control in individuals with Galactosaemia, compared to the standard biochemical markers. Ten Galactosaemia adults with normal intellectual outcomes were analyzed in the study. Five subjects followed galactose liberalization, increments of 300 mg to 4000 mg/day over 16 weeks, and were compared to five adult Galactosaemia controls on a galactose restricted diet. All study subjects underwent clinical and biochemical monitoring of red blood cell galactose-1-phosphate (RBC Gal-1-P) and urinary galactitol levels. Serum N-glycans were isolated and analyzed by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC) with galactosylation of IgG used as a specific biomarker of galactose tolerance. IgG N-glycan profiles showed consistent individual alterations in response to diet liberalization. The individual profiles were improved for all, but one study subject, at a galactose intake of 1000 mg/day, with decreases in agalactosylated (G0) and increases in digalactosylated (G2) N-glycans. We conclude that IgG N-glycan profiling is an improved method of monitoring variable galactosylation and determining individual galactose tolerance in Galactosaemia compared to the standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Coss
- University College Dublin, Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Ireland
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42
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Selman MH, Derks RJ, Bondt A, Palmblad M, Schoenmaker B, Koeleman CA, van de Geijn FE, Dolhain RJ, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M. Fc specific IgG glycosylation profiling by robust nano-reverse phase HPLC-MS using a sheath-flow ESI sprayer interface. J Proteomics 2012; 75:1318-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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43
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Selman MHJ, de Jong SE, Soonawala D, Kroon FP, Adegnika AA, Deelder AM, Hokke CH, Yazdanbakhsh M, Wuhrer M. Changes in antigen-specific IgG1 Fc N-glycosylation upon influenza and tetanus vaccination. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 11:M111.014563. [PMID: 22184099 PMCID: PMC3322571 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.014563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody effector functions have been shown to be influenced by the structure of the Fc N-glycans. Here we studied the changes in plasma or serum IgG Fc N-glycosylation upon vaccination of 10 Caucasian adults and 10 African children. Serum/plasma IgG was purified by affinity chromatography prior to and at two time points after vaccination. Fc N-glycosylation profiles of individual IgG subclasses were determined for both total IgG and affinity-purified anti-vaccine IgG using a recently developed fast nanoliquid chromatography-electrospray ionization MS (LC-ESI-MS) method. While vaccination had no effect on the glycosylation of total IgG, anti-vaccine IgG showed increased levels of galactosylation and sialylation upon active immunization. Interestingly, the number of sialic acids per galactose increased during the vaccination time course, suggesting a distinct regulation of galactosylation and sialylation. In addition we observed a decrease in the level of IgG1 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine whereas no significant changes were observed for the level of fucosylation. Our data indicate that dependent on the vaccination time point the infectious agent will encounter IgGs with different glycosylation profiles, which are expected to influence the antibody effector functions relevant in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice H J Selman
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Unique carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions are required for high affinity binding between FcgammaRIII and antibodies lacking core fucose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:12669-74. [PMID: 21768335 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1108455108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), a key immune effector mechanism, relies on the binding of antigen-antibody complexes to Fcγ receptors expressed on immune cells. Antibodies lacking core fucosylation show a large increase in affinity for FcγRIIIa leading to an improved receptor-mediated effector function. Although afucosylated IgGs exist naturally, a next generation of recombinant therapeutic, glycoenginereed antibodies is currently being developed to exploit this finding. In this study, the crystal structures of a glycosylated Fcγ receptor complexed with either afucosylated or fucosylated Fc were determined allowing a detailed, molecular understanding of the regulatory role of Fc-oligosaccharide core fucosylation in improving ADCC. The structures reveal a unique type of interface consisting of carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions between glycans of the receptor and the afucosylated Fc. In contrast, in the complex structure with fucosylated Fc, these contacts are weakened or nonexistent, explaining the decreased affinity for the receptor. These findings allow us to understand the higher efficacy of therapeutic antibodies lacking the core fucose and also suggest a unique mechanism by which the immune system can regulate antibody-mediated effector functions.
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45
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Zhang P, Zhang Y, Xue X, Wang C, Wang Z, Huang L. Relative quantitation of glycans using stable isotopic labels 1-(d0/d5) phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone by mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2011; 418:1-9. [PMID: 21803021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A deuterium reagent, 1-(d5) phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (d5-PMP), has been synthesized and used for relative quantitative analysis of oligosaccharides by mass spectrometry (MS) using d0/d5-PMP stable isotopic labeling. Previously reported permethylation-based isotopic labels generate variable mass differences, and reductive amination-based isotopic labels cause a loss of some acid-labile groups in carbohydrates. In contrast, d0/d5-PMP stable isotopic labeling is performed at the reducing end of glycans under basic conditions without desialylation, and the mass difference (Δm=10 Da) between the heavy form (d5-PMP derivative) and light form (d0-PMP derivative) of each glycan is invariable. When the two derivative forms of a glycan are mixed in equimolar amounts, a pair of peaks with a 10-Da mass differences is observed in the MS profile. The difference at relative intensity between the d0- and d5-PMP derivatives reflects the difference in quantity of glycans in two samples, making it possible to carry out both qualitative and relative quantitative analyses of glycans in glycomic studies. Application of this method on DP(2) to DP(6) maltodextrin oligosaccharides and N-linked glycans released from ribonuclease B and bovine fetuin demonstrates a 10-fold relative quantitative dynamic range, a satisfying reproducibility (coefficient of variation [CV] ≤ 8.34%), and good accuracy (relative error [RE] ≤ 5.1%) of the method. The suggested technique has been successfully applied for comparative quantitative analysis of free oligosaccharides in human and bovine milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Educational Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Life Science College, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Dallas DC, Martin WF, Strum JS, Zivkovic AM, Smilowitz JT, Underwood MA, Affolter M, Lebrilla CB, German JB. N-linked glycan profiling of mature human milk by high-performance microfluidic chip liquid chromatography time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4255-63. [PMID: 21384928 PMCID: PMC4422756 DOI: 10.1021/jf104681p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
N-Linked glycans of skim human milk proteins were determined for three mothers. N-Linked glycans are linked to immune defense, cell growth, and cell-cell adhesion, but their functions in human milk are undetermined. Protein-bound N-linked glycans were released with peptidyl N-glycosidase F (PNGase F), enriched by graphitized carbon chromatography, and analyzed with Chip-TOF MS. To be defined as N-glycans, compounds were required, in all three procedural replicates, to match, within 6 ppm, against a theoretical human N-glycan library and be at least 2-fold higher in abundance in PNGase F-treated than in control samples. Fifty-two N-linked glycan compositions were identified, and 24 were confirmed via tandem mass spectra analysis. Twenty-seven compositions have been found previously in human milk, and 25 are novel compositions. By abundance, 84% of N-glycans were fucosylated and 47% were sialylated. The majority (70%) of total N-glycan abundance was composed of N-glycans found in all three milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Dallas
- Department of Food Science, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - William F. Martin
- Department of Food Science, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John S. Strum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Angela M. Zivkovic
- Department of Food Science, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jennifer T. Smilowitz
- Department of Food Science, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mark A. Underwood
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, 2315 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Michael Affolter
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - J. Bruce German
- Department of Food Science, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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47
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Guillard M, Morava E, van Delft FL, Hague R, Körner C, Adamowicz M, Wevers RA, Lefeber DJ. Plasma N-glycan profiling by mass spectrometry for congenital disorders of glycosylation type II. Clin Chem 2011; 57:593-602. [PMID: 21273509 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.153635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of the genetic defect in patients with a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) is challenging because of the wide clinical presentation, the large number of gene products involved, and the occurrence of secondary causes of underglycosylation. Transferrin isoelectric focusing has been the method of choice for CDG screening; however, improved methods are required for the molecular diagnosis of patients with CDG type II. METHODS Plasma samples with a typical transferrin isofocusing profile were analyzed. N-glycans were released from these samples by PNGase F [peptide-N4-(acetyl-β-glucosaminyl)-asparagine amidase] digestion, permethylated and purified, and measured on a MALDI linear ion trap mass spectrometer. A set of 38 glycans was used for quantitative comparison and to establish reference intervals for such glycan features as the number of antennae, the level of truncation, and fucosylation. Plasma N-glycans from control individuals, patients with known CDG type II defects, and patients with a secondary cause of underglycosylation were analyzed. RESULTS CDGs due to mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT2), β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4GALT1), and SLC35C1 (a GDP-fucose transporter) defects could be diagnosed directly from the N-glycan profile. CDGs due to defects in proteins involved in Golgi trafficking, such as subunit 7 of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex (COG7) and subunit V0 a2 of the lysosomal H(+)-transporting ATPase (ATP6V0A2) caused a loss of triantennary N-glycans and an increase of truncated structures. Secondary causes with liver involvement were characterized by increased fucosylation, whereas the presence of plasma sialidase produced isolated undersialylation. CONCLUSIONS MALDI ion trap analysis of plasma N-glycans documents features that discriminate between primary and secondary causes of underglycosylation and should be applied as the first step in the diagnostic track of all patients with an unsolved CDG type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïlys Guillard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The development of glycoanalytical HPLC-based high-throughput technology has greatly enhanced the study of glycobiology, facilitating the discovery of disease-related solutions and providing an informative view of glycosylation and its relationship with other biological disciplines in a systems biology approach.
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Hossler P. Protein glycosylation control in mammalian cell culture: past precedents and contemporary prospects. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 127:187-219. [PMID: 22015728 DOI: 10.1007/10_2011_113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a post-translational modification of paramount importance for the function, immunogenicity, and efficacy of recombinant glycoprotein therapeutics. Within the repertoire of post-translational modifications, glycosylation stands out as having the most significant proven role towards affecting pharmacokinetics and protein physiochemical characteristics. In mammalian cell culture, the understanding and controllability of the glycosylation metabolic pathway has achieved numerous successes. However, there is still much that we do not know about the regulation of the pathway. One of the frequent conclusions regarding protein glycosylation control is that it needs to be studied on a case-by-case basis since there are often conflicting results with respect to a control variable and the resulting glycosylation. In attempts to obtain a more multivariate interpretation of these potentially controlling variables, gene expression analysis and systems biology have been used to study protein glycosylation in mammalian cell culture. Gene expression analysis has provided information on how glycosylation pathway genes both respond to culture environmental cues, and potentially facilitate changes in the final glycoform profile. Systems biology has allowed researchers to model the pathway as well-defined, inter-connected systems, allowing for the in silico testing of pathway parameters that would be difficult to test experimentally. Both approaches have facilitated a macroscopic and microscopic perspective on protein glycosylation control. These tools have and will continue to enhance our understanding and capability of producing optimal glycoform profiles on a consistent basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hossler
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA,
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Zhao J, Liu YH, Reichert P, Pflanz S, Pramanik B. Glycosylation analysis of interleukin-23 receptor: elucidation of glycosylation sites and characterization of attached glycan structures. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2010; 45:1416-1425. [PMID: 21053369 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a heterodimeric cytokine, a central factor in chronic/autoimmune inflammation. It signals through a heterodimeric receptor consisting of IL-23r, which is heavily glycosylated. The structural characterization of IL-23r has not been reported. In this work, glycosylation profiles of soluble recombinant human IL-23r (rhIL-23r) were established using mass spectrometry (MS), which included defining glycosylation sites, degree of glycosylation occupancy of each site and structure of attached oligosaccharides. Specifically, precursor ion scan of oxonium ion protonated N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc(+)) (m/z 204) was performed using a triple quadrupole MS instrument to locate the retention time of glycopeptides. Both the glycopeptides and their corresponding deglycosylated forms in each collected HPLC fraction were studied by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (LTQ-Orbitrap) for glycosylation site profiling. The attached glycan structures were elucidated by collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation of target glycopeptides in combination with accurate mass measurement. Eight glycosylation sites were identified on IL-23r (Asn24, Asn209, Asn239, Asn157, Asn118, Asn250, Asn58 and Asn6). Most of the glycosylation sites were > 95% occupied except Asn250 and Asn6. Those two sites were 88% and 45% occupied by estimation from trypsin digestion and were 55% and 42% occupied from LysC digestion. Multiple glycoforms were observed in IL-23r. Most of them were bi-, tri- or tetra-antennary complex type structures with fucose and sialic acid. High mannose and hybrid type glycans were only observed on Asn157. The structural characterization on IL-23r glycosylation provides useful information for better understanding of the biological function of IL-23r.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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