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Mouliou DS. C-Reactive Protein: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, False Test Results and a Novel Diagnostic Algorithm for Clinicians. Diseases 2023; 11:132. [PMID: 37873776 PMCID: PMC10594506 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current literature provides a body of evidence on C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and its potential role in inflammation. However, most pieces of evidence are sparse and controversial. This critical state-of-the-art monography provides all the crucial data on the potential biochemical properties of the protein, along with further evidence on its potential pathobiology, both for its pentameric and monomeric forms, including information for its ligands as well as the possible function of autoantibodies against the protein. Furthermore, the current evidence on its potential utility as a biomarker of various diseases is presented, of all cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, renal, gynecological, andrological, dental, oral, otorhinolaryngological, ophthalmological, dermatological, musculoskeletal, neurological, mental, splenic, thyroid conditions, as well as infections, autoimmune-supposed conditions and neoplasms, including other possible factors that have been linked with elevated concentrations of that protein. Moreover, data on molecular diagnostics on CRP are discussed, and possible etiologies of false test results are highlighted. Additionally, this review evaluates all current pieces of evidence on CRP and systemic inflammation, and highlights future goals. Finally, a novel diagnostic algorithm to carefully assess the CRP level for a precise diagnosis of a medical condition is illustrated.
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Lin CC, Li CI, Liu CS, Liao LN, Yang CW, Lin CH, Yang SY, Li TC. Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:e003197. [PMID: 36828641 PMCID: PMC9971832 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Observational studies support the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) level and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with diabetes. The research question regarding whether the relationship between serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level and DN is causal lacks experimental evidence. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the causality between hsCRP and DN based on Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 2332 participants with type 2 diabetes from the Taiwan Biobank database was analyzed. Genetic risk scores (GRSs), which comprise four validated CRP loci as two instrumental variables, were calculated as unweighted and weighted scores to evaluate the causal relationship of hsCRP with DN risk. The two-stage regression model was used to estimate OR and 95% CI. RESULTS The analyses of the observational study showed that the hsCRP level was significantly associated with DN after multivariate adjustment (adjusted OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.32). Unweighted/weighted GRSs for log-transformed hsCRP satisfied MR assumptions 1 and 3, respectively; that is, a significant association with hsCRP was observed but that with DN was absent (adjusted OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.09; 1.00, 0.72 to 1.39, respectively). The MR analyses demonstrated that a 1-unit increase in the log-transformed genetically predicted hsCRP by unweighted and weighted GRSs was associated with DN, demonstrating ORs of 1.80 (95% CI 1.51 to 2.14) and 1.67 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.98), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The current study provided experimental evidence that hsCRP level was causally related to DN. These findings suggest that the elevated hsCRP may be a causal risk factor for DN in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chieh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ing Li
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Shong Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Na Liao
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Wei Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsueh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Yu Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Schubert R, Geoffroy E, Gregga I, Mulford AJ, Aguet F, Ardlie K, Gerszten R, Clish C, Van Den Berg D, Taylor KD, Durda P, Johnson WC, Cornell E, Guo X, Liu Y, Tracy R, Conomos M, Blackwell T, Papanicolaou G, Lappalainen T, Mikhaylova AV, Thornton TA, Cho MH, Gignoux CR, Lange L, Lange E, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Manichaikul A, Im HK, Wheeler HE. Protein prediction for trait mapping in diverse populations. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264341. [PMID: 35202437 PMCID: PMC8870552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically regulated gene expression has helped elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying complex traits. Improved high-throughput technology allows similar interrogation of the genetically regulated proteome for understanding complex trait mechanisms. Here, we used the Trans-omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Multi-omics pilot study, which comprises data from Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), to optimize genetic predictors of the plasma proteome for genetically regulated proteome-wide association studies (PWAS) in diverse populations. We built predictive models for protein abundances using data collected in TOPMed MESA, for which we have measured 1,305 proteins by a SOMAscan assay. We compared predictive models built via elastic net regression to models integrating posterior inclusion probabilities estimated by fine-mapping SNPs prior to elastic net. In order to investigate the transferability of predictive models across ancestries, we built protein prediction models in all four of the TOPMed MESA populations, African American (n = 183), Chinese (n = 71), European (n = 416), and Hispanic/Latino (n = 301), as well as in all populations combined. As expected, fine-mapping produced more significant protein prediction models, especially in African ancestries populations, potentially increasing opportunity for discovery. When we tested our TOPMed MESA models in the independent European INTERVAL study, fine-mapping improved cross-ancestries prediction for some proteins. Using GWAS summary statistics from the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study, which comprises ∼50,000 Hispanic/Latinos, African Americans, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and Native Americans, we applied S-PrediXcan to perform PWAS for 28 complex traits. The most protein-trait associations were discovered, colocalized, and replicated in large independent GWAS using proteome prediction model training populations with similar ancestries to PAGE. At current training population sample sizes, performance between baseline and fine-mapped protein prediction models in PWAS was similar, highlighting the utility of elastic net. Our predictive models in diverse populations are publicly available for use in proteome mapping methods at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4837327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Schubert
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Elyse Geoffroy
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Gregga
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ashley J. Mulford
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Francois Aguet
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Kristin Ardlie
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Robert Gerszten
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - David Van Den Berg
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter Durda
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry Research, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - W. Craig Johnson
- Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Elaine Cornell
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry Research, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Russell Tracy
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry Research, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Matthew Conomos
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Tom Blackwell
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - George Papanicolaou
- Epidemiology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Tuuli Lappalainen
- New York Genome Center and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY United States of America
| | - Anna V. Mikhaylova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Timothy A. Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Christopher R. Gignoux
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Leslie Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Ethan Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Heather E. Wheeler
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Challa F, Gelibo T, Getahun T, Sileshi M, Geto Z, Bekele A, Getachew T, Defar A, Teklie H, Nagasa B, Girma F, Seifu D, Tebeje S, Teferra S, Wolde M, Carobene A, Abate E. Distribution and determinants of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Ethiopian population. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 517:99-107. [PMID: 33675768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important inflammatory marker associated with different disease conditions, and its concentration differs among ethnicity. This study aimed to determine the distribution and determinants of serum high-sensitive method CRP (hsCRP) that can measure the typically low concentrations, among the Ethiopian population, for which there is no data. METHODS A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in April-June 2015. A total of 5162 individuals aged 15-69 were included. Behavioral, physical, and biochemical measurements were taken using the WHO STEPS non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk factors assessment tool. Serum hsCRP was determined using Cobas Integra 400 Plus (Roche). Factors associated with hsCRP levels were also considered. RESULTS median hsCRP was 0.80 mg/L (Interquartile range, 0.19-2.12) (males: 0.91 mg/L, females: 0.74 mg/L). More than 18% of the study participants had hsCRP greater than 3 mg/L according to the American Heart Association and Centers for Diseases Control and Preventions cut off value. Higher BMI, living in Somali and in Dire Dawa region, and not consuming of fruit or vegetables were independent risk factors for high hsCRP levels. CONCLUSION Serum hsCRP levels distribution is comparable to other studies. Until now, no data have been reported in the literature about the Ethiopian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyissa Challa
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Tigist Getahun
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Meron Sileshi
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Geto
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Wollo, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Bekele
- Health System & Reproductive Health Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Theodros Getachew
- Health System & Reproductive Health Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Atkure Defar
- Health System & Reproductive Health Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Teklie
- Health System & Reproductive Health Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Nagasa
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fisume Girma
- National Reference Laboratory for Immuno-Hematology, TB/HIV Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Seifu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Solomon Tebeje
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Teferra
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mistire Wolde
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anna Carobene
- Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ebba Abate
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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5
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Jimenez RV, Szalai AJ. Therapeutic Lowering of C-Reactive Protein. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619564. [PMID: 33633738 PMCID: PMC7901964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the blood of healthy individuals C-reactive protein (CRP) is typically quite scarce, whereas its blood concentration can rise robustly and rapidly in response to tissue damage and inflammation associated with trauma and infectious and non-infectious diseases. Consequently, CRP plasma or serum levels are routinely monitored in inpatients to gauge the severity of their initial illness and injury and their subsequent response to therapy and return to health. Its clinical utility as a faithful barometer of inflammation notwithstanding, it is often wrongly concluded that the biological actions of CRP (whatever they may be) are manifested only when blood CRP is elevated. In fact over the last decades, studies done in humans and animals (e.g. human CRP transgenic and CRP knockout mice) have shown that CRP is an important mediator of biological activities even in the absence of significant blood elevation, i.e. even at baseline levels. In this review we briefly recap the history of CRP, including a description of its discovery, early clinical use, and biosynthesis at baseline and during the acute phase response. Next we overview evidence that we and others have generated using animal models of arthritis, neointimal hyperplasia, and acute kidney injury that baseline CRP exerts important biological effects. In closing we discuss the possibility that therapeutic lowering of baseline CRP might be a useful way to treat certain diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Jimenez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Alexander J Szalai
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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6
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Jung SY, Papp JC, Sobel EM, Pellegrini M, Yu H, Zhang ZF. Pro-inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms and interactions with dietary alcohol and estrogen, risk factors for invasive breast cancer using a post genome-wide analysis for gene-gene and gene-lifestyle interaction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1058. [PMID: 33441805 PMCID: PMC7807068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and genetic immune-related pathways connected to breast cancer and lifestyles in postmenopausal women are not fully characterized. In this study, we explored the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in those pathways at the genome-wide level. With single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the biomarkers and lifestyles together, we further constructed risk profiles to improve predictability for breast cancer. Our earlier genome-wide association gene-environment interaction study used large cohort data from the Women's Health Initiative Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes Study and identified 88 SNPs associated with CRP and IL-6. For this study, we added an additional 68 SNPs from previous GWA studies, and together with 48 selected lifestyles, evaluated for the association with breast cancer risk via a 2-stage multimodal random survival forest and generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction methods. Overall and in obesity strata (by body mass index, waist, waist-to-hip ratio, exercise, and dietary fat intake), we identified the most predictive genetic and lifestyle variables. Two SNPs (SALL1 rs10521222 and HLA-DQA1 rs9271608) and lifestyles, including alcohol intake, lifetime cumulative exposure to estrogen, and overall and visceral obesity, are the most common and strongest predictive markers for breast cancer across the analyses. The risk profile that combined those variables presented their synergistic effect on the increased breast cancer risk in a gene-lifestyle dose-dependent manner. Our study may contribute to improved predictability for breast cancer and suggest potential interventions for the women with the risk genotypes and lifestyles to reduce their breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, 700 Tiverton Ave, 3-264 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jeanette C Papp
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Eric M Sobel
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Life Sciences Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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7
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Jung SY, Scott PA, Papp JC, Sobel EM, Pellegrini M, Yu H, Han S, Zhang ZF. Genome-wide Association Analysis of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Gene-lifestyle Interaction for Invasive Breast Cancer Risk: The WHI dbGaP Study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 14:41-54. [PMID: 32928877 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immune-related etiologic pathways to influence invasive breast cancer risk may interact with lifestyle factors, but the interrelated molecular genetic pathways are incompletely characterized. We used data from the Women's Health Initiative Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes Study including 16,088 postmenopausal women, a population highly susceptible to inflammation, obesity, and increased risk for breast cancer. With 21,784,812 common autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), we conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) gene-environment interaction (G × E) analysis in six independent GWA Studies for proinflammatory cytokines [IL6 and C-reactive protein (CRP)] and their gene-lifestyle interactions. Subsequently, we tested for the association of the GWA SNPs with breast cancer risk. In women overall and stratified by obesity status (body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio) and obesity-related lifestyle factors (exercise and high-fat diet), 88 GWA SNPs in 10 loci were associated with proinflammatory cytokines: 3 associated with IL6 (1 index SNP in MAPK1 and 1 independent SNP in DEC1); 85 with CRP (3 index SNPs in CRPP1, CRP, RP11-419N10.5, HNF1A-AS1, HNF1A, and C1q2orf43; and two independent SNPs in APOE and APOC1). Of those, 27 in HNF1A-AS1, HNF1A, and C1q2orf43 displayed significantly increased risk for breast cancer. We found a number of novel top markers for CRP and IL6, which interacted with obesity factors. A substantial proportion of those SNPs' susceptibility influenced breast cancer risk. Our findings may contribute to better understanding of genetic associations between pro-inflammation and cancer and suggest intervention strategies for women who carry the risk genotypes, reducing breast cancer risk. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: The top GWA-SNPs associated with pro-inflammatory biomarkers have implications for breast carcinogenesis by interacting with obesity factors. Our findings may suggest interventions for women who carry the inflammatory-risk genotypes to reduce breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Peter A Scott
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeanette C Papp
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric M Sobel
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Life Sciences Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Sihao Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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8
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Jung SY, Papp JC, Sobel EM, Pellegrini M, Yu H, Zhang ZF. Pro-inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms in ONECUT2 and HNF4A and primary colorectal carcinoma: a post genome-wide gene-lifestyle interaction study. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2955-2976. [PMID: 33042629 PMCID: PMC7539781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-related molecular and genetic pathways that are connected to colorectal cancer (CRC) and lifestyles in postmenopausal women are incompletely characterized. In this study, we examined the role of pro-inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in those pathways. Through selection of the best predictive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lifestyles, our goal was to improve the prediction accuracy and ability for CRC risk. Using large cohort data of postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes Study, we previously conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) for a CRP and IL-6 gene-behavioral interaction study. For the present study, we added GWA-SNPs from outside GWA studies, resulting in a total of 152 SNPs. Together with 41 selected lifestyles, we performed a 2-stage multimodal random survival forest analysis with generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction approach to construct CRC risk profiles. Overall and in obesity strata (by body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, exercise, and dietary fat intake), we identified the best predictive genetic markers in inflammatory cytokines and lifestyles. Across the strata, 2 SNPs (ONECUT2 rs4092465 and HNF4A rs1800961) and 1 lifestyle factor (relatively short-term past use of oral contraceptives) were the most common and strongest predictive markers for CRC risk. The risk profile that combined those variables exhibited synergistically increased risk for CRC; this pattern appeared more strongly in obese and inactive subgroups. Our results may contribute to improved predictability for CRC and suggest genetically targeted lifestyle interventions for women carrying the inflammatory-risk genotypes, reducing CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeanette C Papp
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eric M Sobel
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Life Sciences Division, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer CenterHonolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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9
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Raffield LM, Iyengar AK, Wang B, Gaynor SM, Spracklen CN, Zhong X, Kowalski MH, Salimi S, Polfus LM, Benjamin EJ, Bis JC, Bowler R, Cade BE, Choi WJ, Comellas AP, Correa A, Cruz P, Doddapaneni H, Durda P, Gogarten SM, Jain D, Kim RW, Kral BG, Lange LA, Larson MG, Laurie C, Lee J, Lee S, Lewis JP, Metcalf GA, Mitchell BD, Momin Z, Muzny DM, Pankratz N, Park CJ, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Ryan K, Seo D, Tracy RP, Viaud-Martinez KA, Yanek LR, Zhao LP, Lin X, Li B, Li Y, Dupuis J, Reiner AP, Mohlke KL, Auer PL. Allelic Heterogeneity at the CRP Locus Identified by Whole-Genome Sequencing in Multi-ancestry Cohorts. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:112-120. [PMID: 31883642 PMCID: PMC7042494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can improve assessment of low-frequency and rare variants, particularly in non-European populations that have been underrepresented in existing genomic studies. The genetic determinants of C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of chronic inflammation, have been extensively studied, with existing genome-wide association studies (GWASs) conducted in >200,000 individuals of European ancestry. In order to discover novel loci associated with CRP levels, we examined a multi-ancestry population (n = 23,279) with WGS (∼38× coverage) from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. We found evidence for eight distinct associations at the CRP locus, including two variants that have not been identified previously (rs11265259 and rs181704186), both of which are non-coding and more common in individuals of African ancestry (∼10% and ∼1% minor allele frequency, respectively, and rare or monomorphic in 1000 Genomes populations of East Asian, South Asian, and European ancestry). We show that the minor (G) allele of rs181704186 is associated with lower CRP levels and decreased transcriptional activity and protein binding in vitro, providing a plausible molecular mechanism for this African ancestry-specific signal. The individuals homozygous for rs181704186-G have a mean CRP level of 0.23 mg/L, in contrast to individuals heterozygous for rs181704186 with mean CRP of 2.97 mg/L and major allele homozygotes with mean CRP of 4.11 mg/L. This study demonstrates the utility of WGS in multi-ethnic populations to drive discovery of complex trait associations of large effect and to identify functional alleles in noncoding regulatory regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Apoorva K Iyengar
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Biqi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sheila M Gaynor
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Xue Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Madeline H Kowalski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shabnam Salimi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Linda M Polfus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Russell Bowler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Brian E Cade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Pedro Cruz
- Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | - Harsha Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter Durda
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05446, USA
| | | | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Brian G Kral
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Cecelia Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Joshua P Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ginger A Metcalf
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Zeineen Momin
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Stephen S Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Kathleen Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05446, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05446, USA
| | | | - Lisa R Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lue Ping Zhao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Paul L Auer
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53205, USA.
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Genetic analysis of hsCRP in American Indians: The Strong Heart Family Study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223574. [PMID: 31622379 PMCID: PMC6797125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an important component of the innate immune response, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been identified which are associated with CRP levels, and Mendelian randomization studies have shown a positive association between SNPs increasing CRP expression and risk of colon cancer (but thus far not CVD). The effects of individual genetic variants often interact with the genetic background of a population and hence we sought to resolve the genetic determinants of serum CRP in a number of American Indian populations. Methods The Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS) has serum CRP measurements from 2428 tribal members, recruited as large families from three regions of the United States. Microsatellite markers and MetaboChip defined SNP genotypes were incorporated into variance components, decomposition-based linkage and association analyses. Results CRP levels exhibited significant heritability (h2 = 0.33 ± 0.05, p<1.3 X 10−20). A locus on chromosome (chr) 6, near marker D6S281 (approximately at 169.6 Mb, GRCh38/hg38) showed suggestive linkage (LOD = 1.9) to CRP levels. No individual SNPs were found associated with CRP levels after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing (threshold <7.77 x 10−7), however, we found nominal associations, many of which replicate previous findings at the CRP, HNF1A and 7 other loci. In addition, we report association of 46 SNPs located at 7 novel loci on chromosomes 2, 5, 6(2 loci), 9, 10 and 17, with an average of 15.3 Kb between SNPs and all with p-values less than 7.2 X 10−4. Conclusion In agreement with evidence from other populations, these data show CRP serum levels are under considerable genetic influence; and include loci, such as near CRP and other genes, that replicate results from other ethnic groups. These findings also suggest possible novel loci on chr 6 and other chromosomes that warrant further investigation.
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11
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Kocarnik JM, Richard M, Graff M, Haessler J, Bien S, Carlson C, Carty CL, Reiner AP, Avery CL, Ballantyne CM, LaCroix AZ, Assimes TL, Barbalic M, Pankratz N, Tang W, Tao R, Chen D, Talavera GA, Daviglus ML, Chirinos-Medina DA, Pereira R, Nishimura K, Bůžková P, Best LG, Ambite JL, Cheng I, Crawford DC, Hindorff LA, Fornage M, Heiss G, North KE, Haiman CA, Peters U, Le Marchand L, Kooperberg C. Discovery, fine-mapping, and conditional analyses of genetic variants associated with C-reactive protein in multiethnic populations using the Metabochip in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:2940-2953. [PMID: 29878111 PMCID: PMC6077792 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a circulating biomarker indicative of systemic inflammation. We aimed to evaluate genetic associations with CRP levels among non-European-ancestry populations through discovery, fine-mapping and conditional analyses. A total of 30 503 non-European-ancestry participants from 6 studies participating in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology study had serum high-sensitivity CRP measurements and ∼200 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped on the Metabochip. We evaluated the association between each SNP and log-transformed CRP levels using multivariate linear regression, with additive genetic models adjusted for age, sex, the first four principal components of genetic ancestry, and study-specific factors. Differential linkage disequilibrium patterns between race/ethnicity groups were used to fine-map regions associated with CRP levels. Conditional analyses evaluated for multiple independent signals within genetic regions. One hundred and sixty-three unique variants in 12 loci in overall or race/ethnicity-stratified Metabochip-wide scans reached a Bonferroni-corrected P-value <2.5E-7. Three loci have no (HACL1, OLFML2B) or only limited (PLA2G6) previous associations with CRP levels. Six loci had different top hits in race/ethnicity-specific versus overall analyses. Fine-mapping refined the signal in six loci, particularly in HNF1A. Conditional analyses provided evidence for secondary signals in LEPR, IL1RN and HNF1A, and for multiple independent signals in CRP and APOE. We identified novel variants and loci associated with CRP levels, generalized known CRP associations to a multiethnic study population, refined association signals at several loci and found evidence for multiple independent signals at several well-known loci. This study demonstrates the benefit of conducting inclusive genetic association studies in large multiethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Kocarnik
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute of Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melissa Richard
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Bien
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris Carlson
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Alexander P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Department of Epidemiology, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Maja Barbalic
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diana A Chirinos-Medina
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rocio Pereira
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katie Nishimura
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Petra Bůžková
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lyle G Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research, Inc., Eagle Butte, SD, USA
| | - José Luis Ambite
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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12
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Rotimi CN, Bentley AR, Doumatey AP, Chen G, Shriner D, Adeyemo A. The genomic landscape of African populations in health and disease. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:R225-R236. [PMID: 28977439 PMCID: PMC6075021 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A deeper appreciation of the complex architecture of African genomes is critical to the global effort to understand human history, biology and differential distribution of disease by geography and ancestry. Here, we report on how the growing engagement of African populations in genome science is providing new insights into the forces that shaped human genomes before and after the Out-of-Africa migrations. As a result of this human evolutionary history, African ancestry populations have the greatest genomic diversity in the world, and this diversity has important ramifications for genomic research. In the case of pharmacogenomics, for instance, variants of consequence are not limited to those identified in other populations, and diversity within African ancestry populations precludes summarizing risk across different African ethnic groups. Exposure of Africans to fatal pathogens, such as Plasmodium falciparum, Lassa Virus and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, has resulted in elevated frequencies of alleles conferring survival advantages for infectious diseases, but that are maladaptive in modern-day environments. Illustrating with cardiometabolic traits, we show that while genomic research in African ancestry populations is still in early stages, there are already many examples of novel and African ancestry-specific disease loci that have been discovered. Furthermore, the shorter haplotypes in African genomes have facilitated fine-mapping of loci discovered in other human ancestry populations. Given the insights already gained from the interrogation of African genomes, it is imperative to continue and increase our efforts to describe genomic risk in and across African ancestry populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N. Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R. Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ayo P. Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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13
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CRP-level-associated polymorphism rs1205 within the CRP gene is associated with 2-hour glucose level: The SAPPHIRe study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7987. [PMID: 28801571 PMCID: PMC5554245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) encoded by CRP gene is a reflection of systemic inflammation. Many studies associated CRP level with diabetes and glucose levels, but the association of CRP gene with these traits is unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of 945 siblings from 330 families collected by the Stanford Asian Pacific Program in Hypertension and Insulin Resistance (SAPPHIRe) to investigate associations between CRP polymorphisms, circulating CRP, diabetes, and glucose levels. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed: rs3093059, rs2794521, rs1417938, rs1800947, and rs1205. The generalized estimating equation approach was used to deal with correlated data within families. CRP level was positively correlated with diabetes prevalence and levels of fasting and 2-hour glucose (each P < 0.008). Alleles C at rs3093059 and G at rs1205 were associated with elevated CRP level (each P < 1.2 × 10−6). Allele C at rs3093059 was associated with fasting glucose (β = 0.20, P = 0.045) and G at rs1205 was associated with 2-hour glucose (β = 0.46, P = 0.00090) post oral glucose tolerance test, but only the latter passed Bonferroni correction. No polymorphism was associated with diabetes. Since 2-hour glucose is an indicator of glucose tolerance, this study indicated CRP gene is associated with glucose intolerance.
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14
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Mansour HE, Abdullrhman MA, Mobasher SA, El Mallah R, Abaza N, Hamed F, Khalil AAF. Serum Calprotectin in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Promising Diagnostic Marker, How Far Is It Related to Activity and Sonographic Findings? J Med Ultrasound 2017; 25:40-46. [PMID: 30065453 PMCID: PMC6029292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmu.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the past 2 decades, there has been increasing interest in calprotectin. It is released and detected in serum and body fluids as a potentially useful clinical inflammatory marker. The protein has been described in synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, specifically in the lining layer adjacent to the cartilage–pannus junction, which is the primary site of cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Assessment of inflammatory activity in RA is of pivotal importance for the optimal treatment. Our aim in this study is to measure the serum calprotectin levels in RA patients and to assess its association—if there is any—with disease activity score and radiological findings using the musculoskeletal ultrasound. Patients and methods: In our case control study, we included 44 RA patients (Group I) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers who served as the control group (Group II). Both groups were subjected to full history taking and thorough clinical examination. Assessment of RA disease activity state was done for all RA patients using the Disease Activity Score 28. Laboratory investigations included the measurement of complete blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, anticitrullinated peptide antibodies, kidney, liver functions; serum calprotectin levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radiological joint assessment was done using musculoskeletal ultrasound score. Results: There was a statistically significant elevation of serum calprotectin levels among RA patients when compared with healthy controls. Statistically significant correlations were also found between serum calprotectin and the ultrasound grading score, Disease Activity Score 28, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which reflect the degree of inflammatory activity in the affected joints in RA patients. Moreover, the study yielded a significant correlation between serum calprotectin levels and rheumatoid autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor and anticitrulli-nated peptide antibodies), which are strong predictors of the aggressiveness of the disease. Serum calprotectin at a cutoff level of 93.9 μg/dL had 88.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity for diagnosis of RA. Conclusion: Calprotectin was found to have high association with laboratory and ultrasonography markers of inflammation in RA patients, so it is recommended for use as a marker of inflammatory activity in RA patients especially for the follow-up of patients on biological therapy to assess its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Mansour
- Internal Medicine - Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M A Abdullrhman
- Internal Medicine - Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S A Mobasher
- Internal Medicine - Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem El Mallah
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran Abaza
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - F Hamed
- MBCHB of Medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Kim JJ, Yun SW, Yu JJ, Yoon KL, Lee KY, Kil HR, Kim GB, Han MK, Song MS, Lee HD, Byeon JH, Sohn S, Hong YM, Jang GY, Lee JK. Common variants in the CRP promoter are associated with a high C-reactive protein level in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2015; 36:438-44. [PMID: 25266886 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-014-1032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute self-limiting form of vasculitis that afflicts infants and children and manifests as fever and signs of mucocutaneous inflammation. Children with KD show various laboratory inflammatory abnormalities, such as elevations in their white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). We here performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 178 KD patients to identify the genetic loci that influence 10 important KD laboratory markers: WBC count, neutrophil count, platelet count, CRP, ESR, hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, and total protein. A total of 165 loci passed our arbitrary stage 1 threshold for replication (p < 1 × 10(-5)). Of these, only 2 SNPs (rs12068753 and rs4786091) demonstrated a significant association with the CRP level in replication study of 473 KD patients (p < 0.05). The SNP located at the CRP locus (rs12068753) demonstrated the most significant association with CRP in KD patients (beta = 4.73 and p = 1.20 × 10(-6) according to the stage 1 GWAS; beta = 3.65 and p = 1.35 × 10(-8) according to the replication study; beta = 3.97 and p = 1.11 × 10(-13) according to combined analysis) and explained 8.1% of the phenotypic variation observed. However, this SNP did not demonstrate any significant association with CRP in the general population (beta = 0.37 and p = 0.1732) and only explained 0.1% of the phenotypic variation in this instance. Furthermore, rs12068753 did not affect the development of coronary artery lesions or intravenous immunoglobulin resistance in KD patients. These results indicate that common variants in the CRP promoter can play an important role in the CRP levels in KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Jung Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
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Peprah E, Xu H, Tekola-Ayele F, Royal CD. Genome-wide association studies in Africans and African Americans: expanding the framework of the genomics of human traits and disease. Public Health Genomics 2014; 18:40-51. [PMID: 25427668 DOI: 10.1159/000367962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic research is one of the tools for elucidating the pathogenesis of diseases of global health relevance and paving the research dimension to clinical and public health translation. Recent advances in genomic research and technologies have increased our understanding of human diseases, genes associated with these disorders, and the relevant mechanisms. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have proliferated since the first studies were published several years ago and have become an important tool in helping researchers comprehend human variation and the role genetic variants play in disease. However, the need to expand the diversity of populations in GWAS has become increasingly apparent as new knowledge is gained about genetic variation. Inclusion of diverse populations in genomic studies is critical to a more complete understanding of human variation and elucidation of the underpinnings of complex diseases. In this review, we summarize the available data on GWAS in recent African ancestry populations within the western hemisphere (i.e. African Americans and peoples of the Caribbean) and continental African populations. Furthermore, we highlight ways in which genomic studies in populations of recent African ancestry have led to advances in the areas of malaria, HIV, prostate cancer, and other diseases. Finally, we discuss the advantages of conducting GWAS in recent African ancestry populations in the context of addressing existing and emerging global health conditions.
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Schick UM, Auer PL, Bis JC, Lin H, Wei P, Pankratz N, Lange LA, Brody J, Stitziel NO, Kim DS, Carlson CS, Fornage M, Haessler J, Hsu L, Jackson RD, Kooperberg C, Leal SM, Psaty BM, Boerwinkle E, Tracy R, Ardissino D, Shah S, Willer C, Loos R, Melander O, Mcpherson R, Hovingh K, Reilly M, Watkins H, Girelli D, Fontanillas P, Chasman DI, Gabriel SB, Gibbs R, Nickerson DA, Kathiresan S, Peters U, Dupuis J, Wilson JG, Rich SS, Morrison AC, Benjamin EJ, Gross MD, Reiner AP. Association of exome sequences with plasma C-reactive protein levels in >9000 participants. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:559-71. [PMID: 25187575 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration is a heritable systemic marker of inflammation that is associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Genome-wide association studies have identified CRP-associated common variants associated in ∼25 genes. Our aims were to apply exome sequencing to (1) assess whether the candidate loci contain rare coding variants associated with CRP levels and (2) perform an exome-wide search for rare variants in novel genes associated with CRP levels. We exome-sequenced 6050 European-Americans (EAs) and 3109 African-Americans (AAs) from the NHLBI-ESP and the CHARGE consortia, and performed association tests of sequence data with measured CRP levels. In single-variant tests across candidate loci, a novel rare (minor allele frequency = 0.16%) CRP-coding variant (rs77832441-A; p.Thr59Met) was associated with 53% lower mean CRP levels (P = 2.9 × 10(-6)). We replicated the association of rs77832441 in an exome array analysis of 11 414 EAs (P = 3.0 × 10(-15)). Despite a strong effect on CRP levels, rs77832441 was not associated with inflammation-related phenotypes including coronary heart disease. We also found evidence for an AA-specific association of APOE-ε2 rs7214 with higher CRP levels. At the exome-wide significance level (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)), we confirmed associations for reported common variants of HNF1A, CRP, IL6R and TOMM40-APOE. In gene-based tests, a burden of rare/lower frequency variation in CRP in EAs (P ≤ 6.8 × 10(-4)) and in retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORA) in AAs (P = 1.7 × 10(-3)) were associated with CRP levels at the candidate gene level (P < 2.0 × 10(-3)). This inquiry did not elucidate novel genes, but instead demonstrated that variants distributed across the allele frequency spectrum within candidate genes contribute to CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula M Schick
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul L Auer
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Peng Wei
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Christopher S Carlson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffery Haessler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Department of Biostatistics
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit Department of Medicine Department of Health Services Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Russell Tracy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Diego Ardissino
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Svati Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Center for Human Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cristen Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruth Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ruth Mcpherson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Muredach Reilly
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and The Cardiovascular Institute, Perleman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Domenico Girelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Pierre Fontanillas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Division of Preventative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Drive, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stacey B Gabriel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Richard Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's, Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA Department of Biostatistics
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA and
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's, Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Myron D Gross
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Ellis J, Lange EM, Li J, Dupuis J, Baumert J, Walston JD, Keating BJ, Durda P, Fox ER, Palmer CD, Meng YA, Young T, Farlow DN, Schnabel RB, Marzi CS, Larkin E, Martin LW, Bis JC, Auer P, Ramachandran VS, Gabriel SB, Willis MS, Pankow JS, Papanicolaou GJ, Rotter JI, Ballantyne CM, Gross MD, Lettre G, Wilson JG, Peters U, Koenig W, Tracy RP, Redline S, Reiner AP, Benjamin EJ, Lange LA. Large multiethnic Candidate Gene Study for C-reactive protein levels: identification of a novel association at CD36 in African Americans. Hum Genet 2014; 133:985-95. [PMID: 24643644 PMCID: PMC4104766 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a heritable biomarker of systemic inflammation and a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Large-scale genetic association studies for CRP have largely focused on individuals of European descent. We sought to uncover novel genetic variants for CRP in a multiethnic sample using the ITMAT Broad-CARe (IBC) array, a custom 50,000 SNP gene-centric array having dense coverage of over 2,000 candidate CVD genes. We performed analyses on 7,570 African Americans (AA) from the Candidate gene Association Resource (CARe) study and race-combined meta-analyses that included 29,939 additional individuals of European descent from CARe, the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and KORA studies. We observed array-wide significance (p < 2.2 × 10(-6)) for four loci in AA, three of which have been reported previously in individuals of European descent (IL6R, p = 2.0 × 10(-6); CRP, p = 4.2 × 10(-71); APOE, p = 1.6 × 10(-6)). The fourth significant locus, CD36 (p = 1.6 × 10(-6)), was observed at a functional variant (rs3211938) that is extremely rare in individuals of European descent. We replicated the CD36 finding (p = 1.8 × 10(-5)) in an independent sample of 8,041 AA women from WHI; a meta-analysis combining the CARe and WHI AA results at rs3211938 reached genome-wide significance (p = 1.5 × 10(-10)). In the race-combined meta-analyses, 13 loci reached significance, including ten (CRP, TOMM40/APOE/APOC1, HNF1A, LEPR, GCKR, IL6R, IL1RN, NLRP3, HNF4A and BAZ1B/BCL7B) previously associated with CRP, and one (ARNTL) previously reported to be nominally associated with CRP. Two novel loci were also detected (RPS6KB1, p = 2.0 × 10(-6); CD36, p = 1.4 × 10(-6)). These results highlight both shared and unique genetic risk factors for CRP in AA compared to populations of European descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Ellis
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, 5112 Genetic Medicine Bldg., Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7264, USA
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Serum C-reactive protein level but not its gene polymorphism is associated with Takayasu arteritis. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 35:673-8. [PMID: 24894103 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-014-2674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis (TA) patients with active disease often have elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, which usually decline with the disease remission. The serum CRP concentration has been showed to be related to CRP gene polymorphisms in previous studies. The present study aims to investigate the associations of serum level of CRP and CRP polymorphisms with TA. A total of 178 unrelated Chinese Han TA patients and 229 unrelated Chinese Han individuals without documented disease were enrolled in our studies. After a systemic search in the HapMap database, four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected, namely, rs1800947, rs3093077, rs1205, and rs2808630. The ligase detection reaction (LDR) was used in genotyping. CRP concentrations were determined using turbidimetric immunoassay. Genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of CRP variations were similar between TA patients and controls. CRP haplotype frequencies in patients were not significantly different from those of controls. No significant association between serum CRP concentrations and genotypes was found. Moreover, no association was found in CRP concentration between patients with types I, II, and III TA or between patients with or without pulmonary involvement. By contrast, serum CRP concentration was directly correlated with disease severity. In conclusion, CRP polymorphisms were not associated with TA susceptibility or serum CRP levels in the Chinese Han population. However, higher CRP level was correlated with a more serious disease status, which implies that CRP possibly contributes to the progression of TA.
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Vinayagamoorthy N, Hu HJ, Yim SH, Jung SH, Jo J, Jee SH, Chung YJ. New variants including ARG1 polymorphisms associated with C-reactive protein levels identified by genome-wide association and pathway analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95866. [PMID: 24763700 PMCID: PMC3999194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a general marker of systemic inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The genetic contribution to differences in CRP levels remains to be explained, especially in non-European populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify genetic loci associated with CRP levels in Korean population. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using SNPs from 8,529 Korean individuals (7,626 for stage 1 and 903 for stage 2). We also performed pathway analysis. We identified a new genetic locus associated with CRP levels upstream of ARG1 gene (top significant SNP: rs9375813, Pmeta = 2.85×10(-8)), which encodes a key enzyme of the urea cycle counteract the effects of nitric oxide, in addition to known CRP (rs7553007, Pmeta = 1.72×10(-16)) and HNF1A loci (rs2259816, Pmeta = 2.90×10(-10)). When we evaluated the associations between the CRP-related SNPs with cardiovascular disease phenotypes, rs9375813 (ARG1) showed a marginal association with hypertension (P = 0.0440). To identify more variants and pathways, we performed pathway analysis and identified six candidate pathways comprised of genes related to inflammatory processes and CVDs (CRP, HNF1A, PCSK6, CD36, and ABCA1). In addition to the previously reported loci (CRP, HNF1A, and IL6) in diverse ethnic groups, we identified novel variants in the ARG1 locus associated with CRP levels in Korean population and a number of interesting genes related to inflammatory processes and CVD through pathway analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadimuthu Vinayagamoorthy
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Hu
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Yim
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Education, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeseong Jo
- Institute of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Institute of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kocarnik JM, Pendergrass SA, Carty CL, Pankow JS, Schumacher FR, Cheng I, Durda P, Ambite JL, Deelman E, Cook NR, Liu S, Wactawski-Wende J, Hutter C, Brown-Gentry K, Wilson S, Best LG, Pankratz N, Hong CP, Cole SA, Voruganti VS, Bůžkova P, Jorgensen NW, Jenny NS, Wilkens LR, Haiman CA, Kolonel LN, Lacroix A, North K, Jackson R, Le Marchand L, Hindorff LA, Crawford DC, Gross M, Peters U. Multiancestral analysis of inflammation-related genetic variants and C-reactive protein in the population architecture using genomics and epidemiology study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:178-88. [PMID: 24622110 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is a biomarker of inflammation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CRP concentrations and inflammation-related traits such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. We aimed to replicate previous CRP-SNP associations, assess whether these associations generalize to additional race/ethnicity groups, and evaluate inflammation-related SNPs for a potentially pleiotropic association with CRP. METHODS AND RESULTS We selected and analyzed 16 CRP-associated and 250 inflammation-related GWAS SNPs among 40 473 African American, American Indian, Asian/Pacific Islander, European American, and Hispanic participants from 7 studies collaborating in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. Fixed-effect meta-analyses combined study-specific race/ethnicity-stratified linear regression estimates to evaluate the association between each SNP and high-sensitivity CRP. Overall, 18 SNPs in 8 loci were significantly associated with CRP (Bonferroni-corrected P<3.1×10(-3) for replication, P<2.0×10(-4) for pleiotropy): Seven of these were specific to European Americans, while 9 additionally generalized to African Americans (1), Hispanics (5), or both (3); 1 SNP was seen only in African Americans and Hispanics. Two SNPs in the CELSR2/PSRC1/SORT1 locus showed a potentially novel association with CRP: rs599839 (P=2.0×10(-6)) and rs646776 (P=3.1×10(-5)). CONCLUSIONS We replicated 16 SNP-CRP associations, 10 of which generalized to African Americans and/or Hispanics. We also identified potentially novel pleiotropic associations with CRP for two SNPs previously associated with coronary artery disease and/or low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. These findings demonstrate the benefit of evaluating genotype-phenotype associations in multiple race/ethnicity groups and looking for pleiotropic relationships among SNPs previously associated with related phenotypes.
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Mlakar P, Salobir B, Čobo N, Jug B, Terčelj M, Šabovič M. The Effect of Short-Term Cardiac Rehabilitation After Acute Myocardial Infarction on High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2014; 12:149-55. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2013.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Polona Mlakar
- Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy and Clinic of Preventive Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Salobir
- Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Borut Jug
- Clinic of Preventive Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjeta Terčelj
- Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mišo Šabovič
- Clinic of Preventive Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ofili EO, Fair A, Norris K, Verbalis JG, Poland R, Bernard G, Stephens DS, Dubinett SM, Imperato-McGinley J, Dottin RP, Pulley J, West A, Brown A, Mellman TA. Models of interinstitutional partnerships between research intensive universities and minority serving institutions (MSI) across the Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) consortium. Clin Transl Sci 2013; 6:435-43. [PMID: 24119157 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Health disparities are an immense challenge to American society. Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) housed within the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) are designed to accelerate the translation of experimental findings into clinically meaningful practices and bring new therapies to the doorsteps of all patients. Research Centers at Minority Institutions (RCMI) program at the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) are designed to build capacity for biomedical research and training at minority serving institutions. The CTSA created a mechanism fostering formal collaborations between research intensive universities and minority serving institutions (MSI) supported by the RCMI program. These consortium-level collaborations activate unique translational research approaches to reduce health disparities with credence to each academic institutions history and unique characteristics. Five formal partnerships between research intensive universities and MSI have formed as a result of the CTSA and RCMI programs. These partnerships present a multifocal approach; shifting cultural change and consciousness toward addressing health disparities, and training the next generation of minority scientists. This collaborative model is based on the respective strengths and contributions of the partnering institutions, allowing bidirectional interchange and leveraging NIH and institutional investments providing measurable benchmarks toward the elimination of health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O Ofili
- Atlanta Clinical Translational Science Institute (ACTSI), RCMI Center of Excellence for Clinical and Translational Research, and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Reiner AP, Beleza S, Franceschini N, Auer PL, Robinson JG, Kooperberg C, Peters U, Tang H. Genome-wide association and population genetic analysis of C-reactive protein in African American and Hispanic American women. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:502-12. [PMID: 22939635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a systemic inflammation marker that predicts future cardiovascular risk. CRP levels are higher in African Americans and Hispanic Americans than in European Americans, but the genetic determinants of CRP in these admixed United States minority populations are largely unknown. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of 8,280 African American (AA) and 3,548 Hispanic American (HA) postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative SNP Health Association Resource. We discovered and validated a CRP-associated variant of triggering receptors expressed by myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) in chromosomal region 6p21 (p = 10(-10)). The TREM2 variant associated with higher CRP is common in Africa but rare in other ancestral populations. In AA women, the CRP region in 1q23 contained a strong admixture association signal (p = 10(-17)), which appears to be related to several independent CRP-associated alleles; the strongest of these is present only in African ancestral populations and is associated with higher CRP. Of the other genomic loci previously associated with CRP through GWASs of European populations, most loci (LEPR, IL1RN, IL6R, GCKR, NLRP3, HNF1A, HNF4A, and APOC1) showed consistent patterns of association with CRP in AA and HA women. In summary, we have identified a common TREM2 variant associated with CRP in United States minority populations. The genetic architecture underlying the CRP phenotype in AA women is complex and involves genetic variants shared across populations, as well as variants specific to populations of African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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