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Rakshe PS, Dutta BJ, Chib S, Maurya N, Singh S. Unveiling the interplay of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis in brain health: Promising targets against aging and NDDs. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102255. [PMID: 38490497 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) within an aging global population presents a pressing challenge. The multifaceted pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, remain complex and elusive. Among these, the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway emerges as a pivotal network implicated in neuroprotection against these destructive processes. This review sheds light on the potential therapeutic implications of targeting this axis, specifically emphasizing the promising role of flavonoids in mitigating NDD-related complications. Expanding beyond conventional pharmacological approaches, the exploration of non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise and calorie restriction (CR), coupled with the investigation of natural compounds, offers a beacon of hope. By strategically elucidating the intricate connections within these pathways, this review aims to pave the ways for novel multi-target agents and interventions, fostering a renewed optimism in the quest to combat and manage the debilitating impacts of NDDs on global health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Shankar Rakshe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Shivani Chib
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Badal - Bathinda Rd, Ghudda, Punjab, India
| | - Niyogita Maurya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India.
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2
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Qian L, Zhu Y, Deng C, Liang Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian Y, Yang Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family in physiological and pathophysiological process and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:50. [PMID: 38424050 PMCID: PMC10904817 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family (PGC-1s), consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC), was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. PGC-1s are essential coordinators of many vital cellular events, including mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that PGC-1s are implicated in many diseases, such as cancers, cardiac diseases and cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, kidney diseases, motor system diseases, and metabolic disorders. Examining the upstream modulators and co-activated partners of PGC-1s and identifying critical biological events modulated by downstream effectors of PGC-1s contribute to the presentation of the elaborate network of PGC-1s. Furthermore, discussing the correlation between PGC-1s and diseases as well as summarizing the therapy targeting PGC-1s helps make individualized and precise intervention methods. In this review, we summarize basic knowledge regarding the PGC-1s family as well as the molecular regulatory network, discuss the physio-pathological roles of PGC-1s in human diseases, review the application of PGC-1s, including the diagnostic and prognostic value of PGC-1s and several therapies in pre-clinical studies, and suggest several directions for future investigations. This review presents the immense potential of targeting PGC-1s in the treatment of diseases and hopefully facilitates the promotion of PGC-1s as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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3
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Souder DC, McGregor ER, Rhoads TW, Clark JP, Porter TJ, Eliceiri K, Moore DL, Puglielli L, Anderson RM. Mitochondrial regulator PGC-1a in neuronal metabolism and brain aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.559526. [PMID: 37808866 PMCID: PMC10557769 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.559526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a high energy tissue, and the cell types of which it is comprised are distinct in function and in metabolic requirements. The transcriptional co-activator PGC-1a is a master regulator of mitochondrial function and is highly expressed in the brain; however, its cell-type specific role in regulating metabolism has not been well established. Here, we show that PGC-1a is responsive to aging and that expression of the neuron specific PGC-1a isoform allows for specialization in metabolic adaptation. Transcriptional profiles of the cortex from male mice show an impact of age on immune, inflammatory, and neuronal functional pathways and a highly integrated metabolic response that is associated with decreased expression of PGC-1a. Proteomic analysis confirms age-related changes in metabolism and further shows changes in ribosomal and RNA splicing pathways. We show that neurons express a specialized PGC-1a isoform that becomes active during differentiation from stem cells and is further induced during the maturation of isolated neurons. Neuronal but not astrocyte PGC-1a responds robustly to inhibition of the growth sensitive kinase GSK3b, where the brain specific promoter driven dominant isoform is repressed. The GSK3b inhibitor lithium broadly reprograms metabolism and growth signaling, including significantly lower expression of mitochondrial and ribosomal pathway genes and suppression of growth signaling, which are linked to changes in mitochondrial function and neuronal outgrowth. In vivo, lithium treatment significantly changes the expression of genes involved in cortical growth, endocrine, and circadian pathways. These data place the GSK3b/PGC-1a axis centrally in a growth and metabolism network that is directly relevant to brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C Souder
- Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Eric R McGregor
- Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Timothy W Rhoads
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Josef P Clark
- Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Tiaira J Porter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kevin Eliceiri
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Darcie L Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
- GRECC William S, Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
- GRECC William S, Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
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4
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Tamiya H, Urushihara N, Shizuma K, Ogawa H, Nakai S, Wakamatsu T, Takenaka S, Kakunaga S. SHARPIN Enhances Ferroptosis in Synovial Sarcoma Cells via NF-κB- and PRMT5-Mediated PGC1α Reduction. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3484. [PMID: 37444594 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoma is a rare type of cancer for which new therapeutic agents are required. Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic cell death triggered by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation. We found that TFRC, an iron uptake protein, was expressed at higher levels in sarcoma cell lines than in noncancer and carcinoma cell lines. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protects cells against ferroptosis, and its inhibition using RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3) had an antitumor effect that was more pronounced in sarcoma cell lines, particularly synovial sarcoma cells, compared to non-sarcoma cells. Because NF-κB can provoke ferroptosis, we examined the role of SHARPIN, an activator of NF-κB, in sarcoma. We found that SHARPIN expression was significantly associated with reduced survival in cohorts of patients with cancer, including sarcoma. In addition, SHARPIN promoted the sensitivity of sarcoma cells to ferroptosis. Further analyses revealed that the PGC1α/NRF2/SLC7A11 axis and BNIP3L/NIX-mediated mitophagy are regulated through NF-κB and PRMT5 downstream of SHARPIN. Our findings suggest that ferroptosis could have a therapeutic effect in sarcoma, particularly in subpopulations with high TFRC and SHARPIN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironari Tamiya
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Naoko Urushihara
- Nitto Joint Research Department for Nucleic Acid Medicine, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Kazuko Shizuma
- Nitto Joint Research Department for Nucleic Acid Medicine, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hisataka Ogawa
- Nitto Joint Research Department for Nucleic Acid Medicine, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Sho Nakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Toru Wakamatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takenaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kakunaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
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5
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Abu Shelbayeh O, Arroum T, Morris S, Busch KB. PGC-1α Is a Master Regulator of Mitochondrial Lifecycle and ROS Stress Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051075. [PMID: 37237941 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a major role in ROS production and defense during their life cycle. The transcriptional activator PGC-1α is a key player in the homeostasis of energy metabolism and is therefore closely linked to mitochondrial function. PGC-1α responds to environmental and intracellular conditions and is regulated by SIRT1/3, TFAM, and AMPK, which are also important regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. In this review, we highlight the functions and regulatory mechanisms of PGC-1α within this framework, with a focus on its involvement in the mitochondrial lifecycle and ROS metabolism. As an example, we show the role of PGC-1α in ROS scavenging under inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, PGC-1α and the stress response factor NF-κB, which regulates the immune response, are reciprocally regulated. During inflammation, NF-κB reduces PGC-1α expression and activity. Low PGC-1α activity leads to the downregulation of antioxidant target genes resulting in oxidative stress. Additionally, low PGC-1α levels and concomitant oxidative stress promote NF-κB activity, which exacerbates the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Abu Shelbayeh
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Silke Morris
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karin B Busch
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
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6
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Malik N, Ferreira BI, Hollstein PE, Curtis SD, Trefts E, Novak SW, Yu J, Gilson R, Hellberg K, Fang L, Sheridan A, Hah N, Shadel GS, Manor U, Shaw RJ. Induction of lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis by AMPK phosphorylation of FNIP1. Science 2023; 380:eabj5559. [PMID: 37079666 PMCID: PMC10794112 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Cells respond to mitochondrial poisons with rapid activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), causing acute metabolic changes through phosphorylation and prolonged adaptation of metabolism through transcriptional effects. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a major effector of AMPK that increases expression of lysosome genes in response to energetic stress, but how AMPK activates TFEB remains unresolved. We demonstrate that AMPK directly phosphorylates five conserved serine residues in folliculin-interacting protein 1 (FNIP1), suppressing the function of the folliculin (FLCN)-FNIP1 complex. FNIP1 phosphorylation is required for AMPK to induce nuclear translocation of TFEB and TFEB-dependent increases of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) and estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) messenger RNAs. Thus, mitochondrial damage triggers AMPK-FNIP1-dependent nuclear translocation of TFEB, inducing sequential waves of lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazma Malik
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bibiana I. Ferreira
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pablo E. Hollstein
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie D. Curtis
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elijah Trefts
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sammy Weiser Novak
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Gilson
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lingjing Fang
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arlo Sheridan
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gerald S. Shadel
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Mendoza M, Mendoza M, Lubrino T, Briski S, Osuji I, Cuala J, Ly B, Ocegueda I, Peralta H, Garcia BA, Zurita-Lopez CI. Arginine Methylation of the PGC-1α C-Terminus Is Temperature-Dependent. Biochemistry 2023; 62:22-34. [PMID: 36535003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We set out to determine whether the C-terminus (amino acids 481-798) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α, UniProt Q9UBK2), a regulatory metabolic protein involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, and respiration, is an arginine methyltransferase substrate. Arginine methylation by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) alters protein function and thus contributes to various cellular processes. In addition to confirming methylation of the C-terminus by PRMT1 as described in the literature, we have identified methylation by another member of the PRMT family, PRMT7. We performed in vitro methylation reactions using recombinant mammalian PRMT7 and PRMT1 at 37, 30, 21, 18, and 4 °C. Various fragments of PGC-1α corresponding to the C-terminus were used as substrates, and the methylation reactions were analyzed by fluorography and mass spectrometry to determine the extent of methylation throughout the substrates, the location of the methylated PGC-1α arginine residues, and finally, whether temperature affects the deposition of methyl groups. We also employed two prediction programs, PRmePRed and MePred-RF, to search for putative methyltransferase sites. Methylation reactions show that arginine residues R548 and R753 in PGC-1α are methylated at or below 30 °C by PRMT7, while methylation by PRMT1 was detected at these same residues at 30 °C. Computational approaches yielded additional putative methylarginine sites, indicating that since PGC-1α is an intrinsically disordered protein, additional methylated arginine residues have yet to be experimentally verified. We conclude that temperature affects the extent of arginine methylation, with more methylation by PRMT7 occurring below physiological temperature, uncovering an additional control point for PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Mariel Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tiffany Lubrino
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Chapman University, 450 N. Center Street, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Sidney Briski
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Chapman University, 450 N. Center Street, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Immaculeta Osuji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Janielle Cuala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Brendan Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Ivan Ocegueda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Harvey Peralta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Cecilia I Zurita-Lopez
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Chapman University, 450 N. Center Street, Orange, California 92866, United States
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Morabito R, Cordaro M. Physiological or Pathological Molecular Alterations in Brain Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158601. [PMID: 35955733 PMCID: PMC9369279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural phenomenon that occurs due to a variety of loosely understood mechanisms [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
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9
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Panes JD, Wendt A, Ramirez-Molina O, Castro PA, Fuentealba J. Deciphering the role of PGC-1α in neurological disorders: from mitochondrial dysfunction to synaptic failure. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:237-245. [PMID: 34269182 PMCID: PMC8463972 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.317957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset and mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases remain uncertain. The main features of neurodegenerative diseases have been related with cellular and molecular events like neuronal loss, mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant accumulation of misfolded proteins or peptides in specific areas of the brain. The most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases belonging to age-related pathologies are Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Interestingly, mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed to occur during the early onset of several neuropathological events associated to neurodegenerative diseases. The master regulator of mitochondrial quality control and energetic metabolism is the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). Additionally, it has been observed that PGC-1α appears to be a key factor in maintaining neuronal survival and synaptic transmission. In fact, PGC-1α downregulation in different brain areas (hippocampus, substantia nigra, cortex, striatum and spinal cord) that occurs in function of neurological damage including oxidative stress, neuronal loss, and motor disorders has been seen in several animal and cellular models of neurodegenerative diseases. Current evidence indicates that PGC-1α upregulation may serve as a potent therapeutic approach against development and progression of neuronal damage. Remarkably, increasing evidence shows that PGC-1α deficient mice have neurodegenerative diseases-like features, as well as neurological abnormalities. Finally, we discuss recent studies showing novel specific PGC-1α isoforms in the central nervous system that appear to exert a key role in the age of onset of neurodegenerative diseases and have a neuroprotective function in the central nervous system, thus opening a new molecular strategy for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the PGC-1α role in the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as establish the importance of PGC-1α function in synaptic transmission and neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Panes
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos (LSCN), Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Aline Wendt
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos (LSCN), Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Oscar Ramirez-Molina
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos (LSCN), Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio A Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos (LSCN), Departamento de Fisiología; Centro de Investigaciones Avanzadas en Biomedicina (CIAB-UdeC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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10
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Covering the Role of PGC-1α in the Nervous System. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010111. [PMID: 35011673 PMCID: PMC8750669 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a well-known transcriptional coactivator involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1α is implicated in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative disorders; therefore, a deep understanding of its functioning in the nervous system may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. The central nervous system (CNS)-specific isoforms of PGC-1α have been recently identified, and many functions of PGC-1α are assigned to the particular cell types of the central nervous system. In the mice CNS, deficiency of PGC-1α disturbed viability and functioning of interneurons and dopaminergic neurons, followed by alterations in inhibitory signaling and behavioral dysfunction. Furthermore, in the ALS rodent model, PGC-1α protects upper motoneurons from neurodegeneration. PGC-1α is engaged in the generation of neuromuscular junctions by lower motoneurons, protection of photoreceptors, and reduction in oxidative stress in sensory neurons. Furthermore, in the glial cells, PGC-1α is essential for the maturation and proliferation of astrocytes, myelination by oligodendrocytes, and mitophagy and autophagy of microglia. PGC-1α is also necessary for synaptogenesis in the developing brain and the generation and maintenance of synapses in postnatal life. This review provides an outlook of recent studies on the role of PGC-1α in various cells in the central nervous system.
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11
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Ehrlich KC, Deng HW, Ehrlich M. Epigenetics of Mitochondria-Associated Genes in Striated Muscle. EPIGENOMES 2021; 6:1. [PMID: 35076500 PMCID: PMC8788487 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle has especially large energy demands. We identified 97 genes preferentially expressed in skeletal muscle and heart, but not in aorta, and found significant enrichment for mitochondrial associations among them. We compared the epigenomic and transcriptomic profiles of the 27 genes associated with striated muscle and mitochondria. Many showed strong correlations between their tissue-specific transcription levels, and their tissue-specific promoter, enhancer, or open chromatin as well as their DNA hypomethylation. Their striated muscle-specific enhancer chromatin was inside, upstream, or downstream of the gene, throughout much of the gene as a super-enhancer (CKMT2, SLC25A4, and ACO2), or even overlapping a neighboring gene (COX6A2, COX7A1, and COQ10A). Surprisingly, the 3' end of the 1.38 Mb PRKN (PARK2) gene (involved in mitophagy and linked to juvenile Parkinson's disease) displayed skeletal muscle/myoblast-specific enhancer chromatin, a myoblast-specific antisense RNA, as well as brain-specific enhancer chromatin. We also found novel tissue-specific RNAs in brain and embryonic stem cells within PPARGC1A (PGC-1α), which encodes a master transcriptional coregulator for mitochondrial formation and metabolism. The tissue specificity of this gene's four alternative promoters, including a muscle-associated promoter, correlated with nearby enhancer chromatin and open chromatin. Our in-depth epigenetic examination of these genes revealed previously undescribed tissue-specific enhancer chromatin, intragenic promoters, regions of DNA hypomethylation, and intragenic noncoding RNAs that give new insights into transcription control for this medically important set of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C. Ehrlich
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (K.C.E.); (H.-W.D.)
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (K.C.E.); (H.-W.D.)
| | - Melanie Ehrlich
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (K.C.E.); (H.-W.D.)
- Tulane Cancer Center and Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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12
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Neha S, Dholaniya PS. The Prevailing Role of Topoisomerase 2 Beta and its Associated Genes in Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6443-6459. [PMID: 34546528 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase 2 beta (TOP2β) is an enzyme that alters the topological states of DNA by making a transient double-strand break during the transcription process. The direct interaction of TOP2β with DNA strand results in transcriptional regulation of certain genes and some studies have suggested that a particular set of genes are regulated by TOP2β, which have a prominent role in various stages of neuron from development to degeneration. In this review, we discuss the role of TOP2β in various phases of the neuron's life. Based on the existing reports, we have compiled the list of genes, which are directly regulated by the enzyme, from different studies and performed their functional classification. We discuss the role of these genes in neurogenesis, neuron migration, fate determination, differentiation and maturation, generation of neural circuits, and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India
| | - Pankaj Singh Dholaniya
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India.
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13
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Lozoya OA, Xu F, Grenet D, Wang T, Stevanovic KD, Cushman JD, Hagler TB, Gruzdev A, Jensen P, Hernandez B, Riadi G, Moy SS, Santos JH, Woychik RP. A brain-specific pgc1α fusion transcript affects gene expression and behavioural outcomes in mice. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/12/e202101122. [PMID: 34649938 PMCID: PMC8548212 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that loss of a brain-specific fusion isoform of PGC1a leads to up-regulation of genes and motor impairments in mice, suggesting functional differences between PGC1 isoforms in the brain. PGC1α is a transcriptional coactivator in peripheral tissues, but its function in the brain remains poorly understood. Various brain-specific Pgc1α isoforms have been reported in mice and humans, including two fusion transcripts (FTs) with non-coding repetitive sequences, but their function is unknown. The FTs initiate at a simple sequence repeat locus ∼570 Kb upstream from the reference promoter; one also includes a portion of a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE). Using publicly available genomics data, here we show that the SINE FT is the predominant form of Pgc1α in neurons. Furthermore, mutation of the SINE in mice leads to altered behavioural phenotypes and significant up-regulation of genes in the female, but not male, cerebellum. Surprisingly, these genes are largely involved in neurotransmission, having poor association with the classical mitochondrial or antioxidant programs. These data expand our knowledge on the role of Pgc1α in neuronal physiology and suggest that different isoforms may have distinct functions. They also highlight the need for further studies before modulating levels of Pgc1α in the brain for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo A Lozoya
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fuhua Xu
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dagoberto Grenet
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Korey D Stevanovic
- Neurobehavioral Core Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jesse D Cushman
- Neurobehavioral Core Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas B Hagler
- Knockout Mouse Core Facility, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Knockout Mouse Core Facility, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patricia Jensen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bairon Hernandez
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Riadi
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janine H Santos
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard P Woychik
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
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14
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Wang Y, Guo X, Ye K, Orth M, Gu Z. Accelerated expansion of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmies in Huntington's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2014610118. [PMID: 34301881 PMCID: PMC8325154 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014610118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is found in the brain and peripheral tissues of patients diagnosed with Huntington's disease (HD), an irreversible neurodegenerative disease of which aging is a major risk factor. Mitochondrial function is encoded by not only nuclear DNA but also DNA within mitochondria (mtDNA). Expansion of mtDNA heteroplasmies (coexistence of mutated and wild-type mtDNA) can contribute to age-related decline of mitochondrial function but has not been systematically investigated in HD. Here, by using a sensitive mtDNA-targeted sequencing method, we studied mtDNA heteroplasmies in lymphoblasts and longitudinal blood samples of HD patients. We found a significant increase in the fraction of mtDNA heteroplasmies with predicted pathogenicity in lymphoblasts from 1,549 HD patients relative to lymphoblasts from 182 healthy individuals. The increased fraction of pathogenic mtDNA heteroplasmies in HD lymphoblasts also correlated with advancing HD stages and worsened disease severity measured by HD motor function, cognitive function, and functional capacity. Of note, elongated CAG repeats in HTT promoted age-dependent expansion of pathogenic mtDNA heteroplasmies in HD lymphoblasts. We then confirmed in longitudinal blood samples of 169 HD patients that expansion of pathogenic mtDNA heteroplasmies was correlated with decline in functional capacity and exacerbation of HD motor and cognitive functions during a median follow-up of 6 y. The results of our study indicate accelerated decline of mtDNA quality in HD, and highlight monitoring mtDNA heteroplasmies longitudinally as a way to investigate the progressive decline of mitochondrial function in aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Xiaoxian Guo
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Kaixiong Ye
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853;
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15
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PGC-1s in the Spotlight with Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073487. [PMID: 33800548 PMCID: PMC8036867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders worldwide, characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons mainly localized in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In recent years, the detailed analyses of both genetic and idiopathic forms of the disease have led to a better understanding of the molecular and cellular pathways involved in PD, pointing to the centrality of mitochondrial dysfunctions in the pathogenic process. Failure of mitochondrial quality control is now considered a hallmark of the disease. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC-1) family acts as a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, keeping PGC-1 level in a proper range is fundamental to guarantee functional neurons. Here we review the major findings that tightly bond PD and PGC-1s, raising important points that might lead to future investigations.
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16
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Selective Activation of CNS and Reference PPARGC1A Promoters Is Associated with Distinct Gene Programs Relevant for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073296. [PMID: 33804860 PMCID: PMC8036390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1A (PGC-1α), encoded by PPARGC1A, has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Recently discovered CNS-specific PPARGC1A transcripts are initiated far upstream of the reference promoter, spliced to exon 2 of the reference gene, and are more abundant than reference gene transcripts in post-mortem human brain samples. The proteins translated from the CNS and reference transcripts differ only at their N-terminal regions. To dissect functional differences between CNS-specific isoforms and reference proteins, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) for selective endogenous activation of the CNS or the reference promoters in SH-SY5Y cells. Expression and/or exon usage of the targets was ascertained by RNA sequencing. Compared to controls, more differentially expressed genes were observed after activation of the CNS than the reference gene promoter, while the magnitude of alternative exon usage was comparable between activation of the two promoters. Promoter-selective associations were observed with canonical signaling pathways, mitochondrial and nervous system functions and neurological diseases. The distinct N-terminal as well as the shared downstream regions of PGC-1α isoforms affect the exon usage of numerous genes. Furthermore, associations of risk genes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease were noted with differentially expressed genes resulting from the activation of the CNS and reference gene promoter, respectively. Thus, CNS-specific isoforms markedly amplify the biological functions of PPARGC1A and CNS-specific isoforms and reference proteins have common, complementary and selective functions relevant for neurodegenerative diseases.
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17
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Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cells10020352
expr 820281011 + 880698691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α’s roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection.
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18
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Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020352. [PMID: 33572179 PMCID: PMC7915819 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α's roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection.
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19
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Vanaveski T, Molchanova S, Pham DD, Schäfer A, Pajanoja C, Narvik J, Srinivasan V, Urb M, Koivisto M, Vasar E, Timmusk T, Minkeviciene R, Eriksson O, Lalowski M, Taira T, Korhonen L, Voikar V, Lindholm D. PGC-1α Signaling Increases GABA(A) Receptor Subunit α2 Expression, GABAergic Neurotransmission and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:588230. [PMID: 33597848 PMCID: PMC7882546 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.588230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a master regulator of mitochondria biogenesis and cell stress playing a role in metabolic and degenerative diseases. In the brain PGC-1α expression has been localized mainly to GABAergic interneurons but its overall role is not fully understood. We observed here that the protein levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor-α2 subunit (GABARα2) were increased in hippocampus and brain cortex in transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing PGC-1α in neurons. Along with this, GABARα2 expression was enhanced in the hippocampus of the PGC-1α Tg mice, as shown by quantitative PCR. Double immunostaining revealed that GABARα2 co-localized with the synaptic protein gephyrin in higher amounts in the striatum radiatum layer of the hippocampal CA1 region in the Tg compared with Wt mice. Electrophysiology revealed that the frequency of spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) was increased in the CA1 region in the Tg mice, indicative of an augmented GABAergic transmission. Behavioral tests revealed an increase for anxiety-like behavior in the PGC-1α Tg mice compared with controls. To study whether drugs acting on PPARγ can affect GABARα2, we employed pioglitazone that elevated GABARα2 expression in primary cultured neurons. Similar results were obtained using the specific PPARγ agonist, N-(2-benzoylphenyl)-O-[2-(methyl-2-pyridinylamino) ethyl]-L-tyrosine hydrate (GW1929). These results demonstrate that PGC-1α regulates GABARα2 subunits and GABAergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus with behavioral consequences. This indicates further that drugs like pioglitazone, widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, can influence GABARα2 expression via the PPARγ/PGC-1α system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taavi Vanaveski
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Quretec Ltd., Tartu, Estonia
| | - Svetlana Molchanova
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dan Duc Pham
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annika Schäfer
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ceren Pajanoja
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jane Narvik
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Quretec Ltd., Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vignesh Srinivasan
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Maria Koivisto
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Vasar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tönis Timmusk
- Protobios LCC, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Ove Eriksson
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maciej Lalowski
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomi Taira
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Korhonen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Vootele Voikar
- Neuroscience Center and Laboratory Animal Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dan Lindholm
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Friend or Foe: Lipid Droplets as Organelles for Protein and Lipid Storage in Cellular Stress Response, Aging and Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215053. [PMID: 33143278 PMCID: PMC7663626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) were considered as a mere lipid storage organelle for a long time. Recent evidence suggests that LDs are in fact distinct and dynamic organelles with a specialized proteome and functions in many cellular roles. As such, LDs contribute to cellular signaling, protein and lipid homeostasis, metabolic diseases and inflammation. In line with the multitude of functions, LDs interact with many cellular organelles including mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus. LDs are highly mobile and dynamic organelles and impaired motility disrupts the interaction with other organelles. The reduction of interorganelle contacts results in a multitude of pathophysiologies and frequently in neurodegenerative diseases. Contacts not only supply lipids for β-oxidation in mitochondria and peroxisomes, but also may include the transfer of toxic lipids as well as misfolded and harmful proteins to LDs. Furthermore, LDs assist in the removal of protein aggregates when severe proteotoxic stress overwhelms the proteasomal system. During imbalance of cellular lipid homeostasis, LDs also support cellular detoxification. Fine-tuning of LD function is of crucial importance and many diseases are associated with dysfunctional LDs. We summarize the current understanding of LDs and their interactions with organelles, providing a storage site for harmful proteins and lipids during cellular stress, aging inflammation and various disease states.
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21
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Chambers JM, Wingert RA. PGC-1α in Disease: Recent Renal Insights into a Versatile Metabolic Regulator. Cells 2020; 9:E2234. [PMID: 33022986 PMCID: PMC7601329 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) is perhaps best known as a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. However, by virtue of its interactions as a coactivator for numerous nuclear receptors and transcription factors, PGC-1α also regulates many tissue-specific tasks that include adipogenesis, angiogenesis, gluconeogenesis, heme biosynthesis, thermogenesis, and cellular protection against degeneration. Knowledge about these functions continue to be discovered with ongoing research. Unsurprisingly, alterations in PGC-1α expression lead to a range of deleterious outcomes. In this review, we provide a brief background on the PGC-1 family with an overview of PGC-1α's roles as an adaptive link to meet cellular needs and its pathological consequences in several organ contexts. Among the latter, kidney health is especially reliant on PGC-1α. Thus, we discuss here at length how changes in PGC-1α function impact the states of renal cancer, acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), as well as emerging data that illuminate pivotal roles for PGC-1α during renal development. We survey a new intriguing association of PGC-1α function with ciliogenesis and polycystic kidney disease (PKD), where recent animal studies revealed that embryonic renal cyst formation can occur in the context of PGC-1α deficiency. Finally, we explore future prospects for PGC-1α research and therapeutic implications for this multifaceted coactivator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Chambers
- College of Pharmacy, Natural and Health Sciences, Manchester University, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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22
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McMeekin LJ, Bartley AF, Bohannon AS, Adlaf EW, van Groen T, Boas SM, Fox SN, Detloff PJ, Crossman DK, Overstreet-Wadiche LS, Hablitz JJ, Dobrunz LE, Cowell RM. A Role for PGC-1α in Transcription and Excitability of Neocortical and Hippocampal Excitatory Neurons. Neuroscience 2020; 435:73-94. [PMID: 32222555 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a critical regulator of genes involved in neuronal metabolism, neurotransmission, and morphology. Reduced PGC-1α expression has been implicated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. An understanding of PGC-1α's roles in different cell types will help determine the functional consequences of PGC-1α dysfunction and/or deficiency in disease. Reports from our laboratory and others suggest a critical role for PGC-1α in inhibitory neurons with high metabolic demand such as fast-spiking interneurons. Here, we document a previously unrecognized role for PGC-1α in maintenance of gene expression programs for synchronous neurotransmitter release, structure, and metabolism in neocortical and hippocampal excitatory neurons. Deletion of PGC-1α from these neurons caused ambulatory hyperactivity in response to a novel environment and enhanced glutamatergic transmission in neocortex and hippocampus, along with reductions in mRNA levels from several PGC-1α neuron-specific target genes. Given the potential role for a reduction in PGC-1α expression or activity in Huntington Disease (HD), we compared reductions in transcripts found in the neocortex and hippocampus of these mice to that of an HD knock-in model; few of these transcripts were reduced in this HD model. These data provide novel insight into the function of PGC-1α in glutamatergic neurons and suggest that it is required for the regulation of structural, neurosecretory, and metabolic genes in both glutamatergic neuron and fast-spiking interneuron populations in a region-specific manner. These findings should be considered when inferring the functional relevance of changes in PGC-1α gene expression in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J McMeekin
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Division at Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - A F Bartley
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - A S Bohannon
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - E W Adlaf
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - T van Groen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - S M Boas
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - S N Fox
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - P J Detloff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - D K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - L S Overstreet-Wadiche
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J J Hablitz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - L E Dobrunz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - R M Cowell
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Division at Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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23
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Soyal SM, Bonova P, Kwik M, Zara G, Auer S, Scharler C, Strunk D, Nofziger C, Paulmichl M, Patsch W. The Expression of CNS-Specific PPARGC1A Transcripts Is Regulated by Hypoxia and a Variable GT Repeat Polymorphism. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:752-764. [PMID: 31471878 PMCID: PMC7031416 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PPARGC1A encodes a transcriptional co-activator also termed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) which orchestrates multiple transcriptional programs. We have recently identified CNS-specific transcripts that are initiated far upstream of the reference gene (RG) promoter. The regulation of these isoforms may be relevant, as experimental and genetic studies implicated the PPARGC1A locus in neurodegenerative diseases. We therefore studied cis- and trans-regulatory elements activating the CNS promoter in comparison to the RG promoter in human neuronal cell lines. A naturally occurring variable guanidine thymidine (GT) repeat polymorphism within a microsatellite region in the proximal CNS promoter increases promoter activity in neuronal cell lines. Both the RG and the CNS promoters are activated by ESRRA, and the PGC-1α isoforms co-activate ESRRA on their own promoters suggesting an autoregulatory feedback loop. The proximal CNS, but not the RG, promoter is induced by FOXA2 and co-activated by PGC-1α resulting in robust activation. Furthermore, the CNS, but not the RG, promoter is targeted by the canonical hypoxia response involving HIF1A. Importantly, the transactivation by HIF1A is modulated by the size of the GT polymorphism. Increased expression of CNS-specific transcripts in response to hypoxia was observed in an established rat model, while RG transcripts encoding the full-length reference protein were not increased. These results suggest a role of the CNS region of the PPARGC1A locus in ischemia and warrant further studies in humans as the activity of the CNS promoter as well as its induction by hypoxia is subject to inter-individual variability due to the GT polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma M Soyal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Petra Bonova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Markus Kwik
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Greta Zara
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Simon Auer
- Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cornelia Scharler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Markus Paulmichl
- PharmGenetix GmbH, Niederalm, 5081, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Personalized Medicine, Humanomed, 9020, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Patsch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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24
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Klimanova EA, Sidorenko SV, Tverskoi AM, Shiyan AA, Smolyaninova LV, Kapilevich LV, Gusakova SV, Maksimov GV, Lopina OD, Orlov SN. Search for Intracellular Sensors Involved in the Functioning of Monovalent Cations as Secondary Messengers. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1280-1295. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919110063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Lloret A, Beal MF. PGC-1α, Sirtuins and PARPs in Huntington's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Conditions: NAD+ to Rule Them All. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2423-2434. [PMID: 31065944 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the available published information on the neuroprotective effects of increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in Huntington's disease models. We discuss the rationale of potential therapeutic benefit of administering nicotinamide riboside (NR), a safe and effective NAD+ precursor. We discuss the agonistic effect on the Sirtuin1-PGC-1α-PPAR pathway as well as Sirtuin 3, which converge in improving mitochondrial function, decreasing ROS production and ameliorating bioenergetics deficits. Also, we discuss the potential synergistic effect of increasing NAD+ combined with PARPs inhibitors, as a clinical therapeutic option not only in HD, but other neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lloret
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1400 York Street, 5th Floor, Room A-501, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- NeuCyte Pharmaceuticals, 1561 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA.
| | - M Flint Beal
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1400 York Street, 5th Floor, Room A-501, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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26
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Ryan KM, Patterson I, McLoughlin DM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha in depression and the response to electroconvulsive therapy. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1859-1868. [PMID: 30191781 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718002556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC-1α), termed the 'master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis', has been implicated in stress and resilience to stress-induced depressive-like behaviours in animal models. However, there has been no study conducted to date to examine PGC-1α levels in patients with depression or in response to antidepressant treatment. Our aim was to assess PGC-1α mRNA levels in blood from healthy controls and patients with depression pre-/post-electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and to examine the relationship between blood PGC-1α mRNA levels and clinical symptoms and outcomes with ECT. METHODS Whole blood PGC-1α mRNA levels were analysed in samples from 67 patients with a major depressive episode and 70 healthy controls, and in patient samples following a course of ECT using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Exploratory subgroup correlational analyses were carried out to determine the relationship between PGC-1α and mood scores. RESULTS PGC-1α levels were lower in patients with depression compared with healthy controls (p = 0.03). This lower level was predominantly accounted for by patients with psychotic unipolar depression (p = 0.004). ECT did not alter PGC-1α levels in the depressed group as a whole, though exploratory analyses revealed a significant increase in PGC-1α in patients with psychotic unipolar depression post-ECT (p = 0.045). We found no relationship between PGC-1α mRNA levels and depression severity or the clinical response to ECT. CONCLUSIONS PGC-1α may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of depression, and be a common link between various pathophysiological processes implicated in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland
| | - Ian Patterson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland
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27
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Baker E, Sims R, Leonenko G, Frizzati A, Harwood JC, Grozeva D, Morgan K, Passmore P, Holmes C, Powell J, Brayne C, Gill M, Mead S, Bossù P, Spalletta G, Goate AM, Cruchaga C, Maier W, Heun R, Jessen F, Peters O, Dichgans M, FröLich L, Ramirez A, Jones L, Hardy J, Ivanov D, Hill M, Holmans P, Allen ND, Morgan BP, Seshadri S, Schellenberg GD, Amouyel P, Williams J, Escott-Price V. Gene-based analysis in HRC imputed genome wide association data identifies three novel genes for Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218111. [PMID: 31283791 PMCID: PMC6613773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Late onset Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia for which about 30 susceptibility loci have been reported. The aim of the current study is to identify novel genes associated with Alzheimer's disease using the largest up-to-date reference single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel, the most accurate imputation software and a novel gene-based analysis approach which tests for patterns of association within genes, in the powerful genome-wide association dataset of the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project Consortium, comprising over 7 million genotypes from 17,008 Alzheimer's cases and 37,154 controls. In addition to earlier reported genes, we detected three novel gene-wide significant loci PPARGC1A (p = 2.2 × 10-6), RORA (p = 7.4 × 10-7) and ZNF423 (p = 2.1 × 10-6). PPARGC1A and RORA are involved in circadian rhythm; circadian disturbances are one of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. PPARGC1A is additionally linked to energy metabolism and the generation of amyloid beta plaques. RORA is involved in a variety of functions apart from circadian rhythm, such as cholesterol metabolism and inflammation. The ZNF423 gene resides in an Alzheimer's disease-specific protein network and is likely involved with centrosomes and DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Baker
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Aura Frizzati
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Janet C. Harwood
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Detelina Grozeva
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Life Sciences Building A27, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Holmes
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carol Brayne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Gill
- Mercer’s Institute for Research on Ageing, St. James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Bossù
- Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alison M. Goate
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinhard Heun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, 80336, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Lutz FröLich
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lesley Jones
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dobril Ivanov
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hill
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Holmans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D. Allen
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - B. Paul Morgan
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille University Hospital, Institut Pasteur de Lille, LabEx DISTALZ-UMR1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Williams
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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28
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Salamon A, Torok R, Sumegi E, Boros F, Pesei ZG, Fort Molnar M, Veres G, Zadori D, Vecsei L, Klivenyi P. The effect of physical stimuli on the expression level of key elements in mitochondrial biogenesis. Neurosci Lett 2019; 698:13-18. [PMID: 30611892 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proper mitochondrial function is crucial for intact cellular homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is clearly involved in the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative- and age-related chronic disorders. The aim of this study is to stimulate cellular production of important compounds of mitochondrial biogenesis, namely in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)- and Sirtuin (SIRT)-systems. We studied the effect of cold challenge and training on the mRNA expression levels of some compounds of these systems in different brain areas of mice. With regard to the PGC-system, the mRNA levels of the full- and N-truncated isoforms, and those of the two promoters (brain-specific, reference) were measured. In case of Sirtuins, the mRNA levels of SIRT1 and SIRT3-M1/M2/M3 were assessed. We found the following expression level alterations: cooling resulted in the elevation of cortical SIRT3-M1 levels and the decrease of cerebellar SIRT3-M3 levels after 200 min. 900 min of cold exposure resulted in the reduction of cortical SIRT1 and striatal SIRT3-M1 levels. A prominent elevation could be observed in the levels of all PGC-1α isoforms in the cerebellum after 12 days of training. The 12 days of exercise resulted in increased cerebellar SIRT3-M1 and SIRT3-M2 mRNA levels as well. Although the efficacy of cooling core body and brain temperature is questionable, we found that training exerted a clear effect. The cause of the prominent cerebellar elevation of PGC-, and Sirtuin isoforms could be an increase in synaptic plasticity between Purkinje cells, which facilitates better motor coordination and more precise movement integration. We propose that these systems may serve as promising targets for future therapeutic studies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Salamon
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rita Torok
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Evelin Sumegi
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fanni Boros
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Mate Fort Molnar
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabor Veres
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Denes Zadori
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Vecsei
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Klivenyi
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary.
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29
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Miller KN, Clark JP, Anderson RM. Mitochondrial regulator PGC-1a-Modulating the modulator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:37-44. [PMID: 31406949 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1a) is a central regulator of metabolism that is poised at the intersection of myriad intracellular signaling pathways. In this brief update, we discuss regulation of PGC-1a at multiple levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications. We discuss recently identified small molecule effectors of PGC-1a that offer translational potential and promise new insight into PGC-1a biology. We highlight novel mechanistic insights relating to PGC-1a's interactions with RNA to enhance transcription and potentially influence transcript processing. Finally, we place these exciting new data in the context of aging biology, offering PGC-1a as a candidate target with terrific potential in anti-aging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl N Miller
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Josef P Clark
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.,GRECC, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison WI, USA
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30
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Soyal SM, Zara G, Ferger B, Felder TK, Kwik M, Nofziger C, Dossena S, Schwienbacher C, Hicks AA, Pramstaller PP, Paulmichl M, Weis S, Patsch W. The PPARGC1A locus and CNS-specific PGC-1α isoforms are associated with Parkinson's Disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 121:34-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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31
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Chen Z, Sequeiros J, Tang B, Jiang H. Genetic modifiers of age-at-onset in polyglutamine diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 48:99-108. [PMID: 30355507 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases. Expansion size correlates with age-at-onset (AO) and severity, and shows a critical threshold for each polyQ disease. Although an expanded CAG tract is sufficient to trigger disease, not all variation in AO is explained by (CAG)n length, which suggests the contribution of other modifying factors. Methods used to identify genetic modifiers in polyQ diseases have progressed from candidate genes to unbiased genome-wide searches. Inconsistency of results from candidate-genes studies are partly explained by sample size, study design and variable population frequency of "polymorphisms"; a genome-wide search may help elucidating more precise disease mechanisms underlying specific interaction networks. We review known genetic modifiers for polyQ diseases, and discuss developing strategies to find modulation, from common variants to networks disclosing small cumulative effects of key genes and modifying pathways. This may lead to a better understanding of genotype-phenotype correlation and the proposal of new potential targets for therapeutical interventions.
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32
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Xiang C, Zhang S, Dong X, Ma S, Cong S. Transcriptional Dysregulation and Post-translational Modifications in Polyglutamine Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:153. [PMID: 29867345 PMCID: PMC5962650 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are hereditary neurodegenerative disorders caused by an abnormal expansion of a trinucleotide CAG repeat in the coding region of their respective associated genes. PolyQ diseases mainly display progressive degeneration of the brain and spinal cord. Nine polyQ diseases are known, including Huntington's disease (HD), spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), and six forms of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). HD is the best characterized polyQ disease. Many studies have reported that transcriptional dysregulation and post-translational disruptions, which may interact with each other, are central features of polyQ diseases. Post-translational modifications, such as the acetylation of histones, are closely associated with the regulation of the transcriptional activity. A number of groups have studied the interactions between the polyQ proteins and transcription factors. Pharmacological drugs or genetic manipulations aimed at correcting the dysregulation have been confirmed to be effective in the treatment of polyQ diseases in many animal and cellular models. For example, histone deaceylase inhibitors have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects in cases of HD, SBMA, DRPLA, and SCA3. In this review, we describe the transcriptional and post-translational dysregulation in polyQ diseases with special focus on HD, and we summarize and comment on potential treatment approaches targeting disruption of transcription and post-translation processes in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shuyan Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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33
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Canto P, Granados JB, Feria-Bernal G, Coral-Vázquez RM, García-García E, Tejeda ME, Tapia A, Rojano-Mejía D, Méndez JP. PPARGC1A and ADIPOQ polymorphisms are associated with aggressive prostate cancer in Mexican-Mestizo men with overweight or obesity. Cancer Biomark 2018; 19:297-303. [PMID: 28453464 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity constitutes a risk factor for the development of aggressive forms of prostate cancer. It has been proposed, that prostate cancer has a genetic predisposition and that PPARGC1A and ADIPOQ polymorphisms play a role in the development of this condition. OBJECTIVE To analyse the association of two PPARGC1A and ADIPOQ polymorphisms as well as their haplotypes, with the development of aggressive prostate cancer in Mexican-Mestizo men with overweight or obesity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Two hundred fifty seven men with prostate cancer of Mexican-Mestizo origin were included. Body mass index (BMI) was determined and the degree of prostate cancer aggressiveness by the D'Amico classification. DNA was obtained. Rs7665116 and rs2970870 of PPARGC1A, and rs266729 and rs1501299 of ADIPOQ were studied by real-time PCR allelic discrimination. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium, between single nucleotide polymorphisms was calculated and haplotype analysis was performed. RESULTS A higher-risk (D'Amico classification) was observed in 21.8% of patients. An association of cancer aggressiveness with rs2970870 of PPARGC1A, and rs501299 of ADIPOQ, as well as with one haplotype of ADIPOQ was documented. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study regarding the relationship of PPARGC1A and ADIPOQ polymorphisms, and the aggressiveness of prostate cancer in men with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Canto
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México.,Clínica de Obesidad, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México, México
| | - Jesús Benítez Granados
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Guillermo Feria-Bernal
- Departamento de Urología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México, México
| | - Ramón Mauricio Coral-Vázquez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, México.,Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, México, México
| | - Eduardo García-García
- Clínica de Obesidad, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México, México
| | - María Elena Tejeda
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - André Tapia
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - David Rojano-Mejía
- Unidad de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación Centro, UMAE, Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, México
| | - Juan Pablo Méndez
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México.,Clínica de Obesidad, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México, México
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35
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Weydt P, Dupuis L, Petersen Å. Thermoregulatory disorders in Huntington disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 157:761-775. [PMID: 30459039 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64074-1.00047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a paradigmatic autosomal-dominant adult-onset neurodegenerative disease. Since the identification of an abnormal expansion of a trinucleotide repeat tract in the huntingtin gene as the underlying genetic defect, a broad range of transgenic animal models of the disease has become available and these have helped to unravel the relevant molecular pathways in unprecedented detail. Of note, some of the most informative of these models develop thermoregulatory defects such as hypothermia, problems with adaptive thermogenesis, and an altered circadian temperature rhythm. Both central, e.g., in the hypothalamus and peripheral, i.e., the brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, problems contribute to the phenotype. Importantly, these structures and pathways are also affected in human HD. Yet, currently the evidence for bona fide thermodysregulation in human HD patients remains anecdotal. This may be due to a lack of reliable tools for monitoring body temperature in an outpatient setting. Regardless, study of the temperature phenotype has contributed to the identification of unexpected molecular targets, such as the PGC-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Weydt
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Luc Dupuis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Åsa Petersen
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Chang JS, Jun HJ, Park M. Transcriptional coactivator NT-PGC-1α promotes gluconeogenic gene expression and enhances hepatic gluconeogenesis. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/20/e13013. [PMID: 27798359 PMCID: PMC5099968 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator PGC‐1α plays a central role in hepatic gluconeogenesis. We previously reported that alternative splicing of the PGC‐1α gene produces an additional transcript encoding the truncated protein NT‐PGC‐1α. NT‐PGC‐1α is co‐expressed with PGC‐1α and highly induced by fasting in the liver. NT‐PGC‐1α regulates tissue‐specific metabolism, but its role in the liver has not been investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the role of hepatic NT‐PGC‐1α in the regulation of gluconeogenesis. Adenovirus‐mediated expression of NT‐PGC‐1α in primary hepatocytes strongly stimulated the expression of key gluconeogenic enzyme genes (PEPCK and G6Pase), leading to increased glucose production. To further understand NT‐PGC‐1α function in hepatic gluconeogenesis in vivo, we took advantage of a previously reported FL‐PGC‐1α−/− mouse line that lacks full‐length PGC‐1α (FL‐PGC‐1α) but retains a slightly shorter and functionally equivalent form of NT‐PGC‐1α (NT‐PGC‐1α254). In FL‐PGC‐1α−/− mice, NT‐PGC‐1α254 was induced by fasting in the liver and recruited to the promoters of PEPCK and G6Pase genes. The enrichment of NT‐PGC‐1α254 at the promoters was closely associated with fasting‐induced increase in PEPCK and G6Pase gene expression and efficient production of glucose from pyruvate during a pyruvate tolerance test in FL‐PGC‐1α−/− mice. Moreover, FL‐PGC‐1α−/− primary hepatocytes showed a significant increase in gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production after treatment with dexamethasone and forskolin, suggesting that NT‐PGC‐1α254 is sufficient to stimulate the gluconeogenic program in the absence of FL‐PGC‐1α. Collectively, our findings highlight the role of hepatic NT‐PGC‐1α in stimulating gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Suk Chang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Hee-Jin Jun
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Minsung Park
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Zheng L, Bernard-Marissal N, Moullan N, D'Amico D, Auwerx J, Moore DJ, Knott G, Aebischer P, Schneider BL. Parkin functionally interacts with PGC-1α to preserve mitochondria and protect dopaminergic neurons. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:582-598. [PMID: 28053050 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD), it is important to determine the functional interactions between factors linked to the disease. Parkin is associated with autosomal recessive early-onset PD, and controls the transcription of PGC-1α, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. These two factors functionally interact to regulate the turnover and quality of mitochondria, by increasing both mitophagic activity and mitochondria biogenesis. In cortical neurons, co-expressing PGC-1α and Parkin increases the number of mitochondria, enhances maximal respiration, and accelerates the recovery of the mitochondrial membrane potential following mitochondrial uncoupling. PGC-1α enhances Mfn2 transcription, but also leads to increased degradation of the Mfn2 protein, a key ubiquitylation target of Parkin on mitochondria. In vivo, Parkin has significant protective effects on the survival and function of nigral dopaminergic neurons in which the chronic expression of PGC-1α is induced. Ultrastructural analysis shows that these two factors together control the density of mitochondria and their interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum. These results highlight the combined effects of Parkin and PGC-1α in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis in dopaminergic neurons. These two factors synergistically control the quality and function of mitochondria, which is important for the survival of neurons in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Norman Moullan
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide D'Amico
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Darren J Moore
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Graham Knott
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Electron Microscopy, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Aebischer
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard L Schneider
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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Ribosomal transcription is regulated by PGC-1alpha and disturbed in Huntington's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8513. [PMID: 28819135 PMCID: PMC5561056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α is a versatile inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis and responsive to the changing energy demands of the cell. As mitochondrial ATP production requires proteins that derive from translation products of cytosolic ribosomes, we asked whether PGC-1α directly takes part in ribosomal biogenesis. Here, we show that a fraction of cellular PGC-1α localizes to the nucleolus, the site of ribosomal transcription by RNA polymerase I. Upon activation PGC-1α associates with the ribosomal DNA and boosts recruitment of RNA polymerase I and UBF to the rDNA promoter. This induces RNA polymerase I transcription under different stress conditions in cell culture and mouse models as well as in healthy humans and is impaired already in early stages of human Huntington’s disease. This novel molecular link between ribosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis helps to explain sarcopenia and cachexia in diseases of neurodegenerative origin.
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Buck E, Bayer H, Lindenberg KS, Hanselmann J, Pasquarelli N, Ludolph AC, Weydt P, Witting A. Comparison of Sirtuin 3 Levels in ALS and Huntington's Disease-Differential Effects in Human Tissue Samples vs. Transgenic Mouse Models. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:156. [PMID: 28603486 PMCID: PMC5445120 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by distinct patterns of neuronal loss. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) upper and lower motoneurons degenerate whereas in Huntington’s disease (HD) medium spiny neurons in the striatum are preferentially affected. Despite these differences the pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors are remarkably similar. In addition, non-neuronal features, such as weight loss implicate a dysregulation in energy metabolism. Mammalian sirtuins, especially the mitochondrial NAD+ dependent sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), regulate mitochondrial function and aging processes. SIRT3 expression depends on the activity of the metabolic master regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a modifier of ALS and HD in patients and model organisms. This prompted us to systematically probe Sirt3 mRNA and protein levels in mouse models of ALS and HD and to correlate these with patient tissue levels. We found a selective reduction of Sirt3 mRNA levels and function in the cervical spinal cord of end-stage ALS mice (superoxide dismutase 1, SOD1G93A). In sharp contrast, a tendency to increased Sirt3 mRNA levels was found in the striatum in HD mice (R6/2). Cultured primary neurons express the highest levels of Sirt3 mRNA. In primary cells from PGC-1α knock-out (KO) mice the Sirt3 mRNA levels were highest in astrocytes. In human post mortem tissue increased mRNA and protein levels of Sirt3 were found in the spinal cord in ALS, while Sirt3 levels were unchanged in the human HD striatum. Based on these findings we conclude that SIRT3 mediates the different effects of PGC-1α during the course of transgenic (tg) ALS and HD and in the human conditions only partial aspects Sirt3 dysregulation manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Buck
- Department of Neurology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
| | - Hanna Bayer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Weydt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders and Gerontopsychiatry, Bonn UniversityBonn, Germany
| | - Anke Witting
- Department of Neurology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
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Cho SY, Kim SH, Yi MH, Zhang E, Kim E, Park J, Jo EK, Lee YH, Park MS, Kim Y, Park J, Kim DW. Expression of PGC1α in glioblastoma multiforme patients. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4055-4076. [PMID: 28599408 PMCID: PMC5453058 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) is a key modulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. It is a coactivator of multiple transcription factors and regulates metabolic processes. However, little is known about the expression and function of PGC1α in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most prevalent and invasive type of brain tumor. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the biological function, localization and expression of PGC1α in GBM. It was observed that PGC1α expression is increased in the tumor cells, and a higher level of expression was observed in the mitochondria. Bioinformatics analyses identified that metabolic and mitochondrial genes were highly expressed in GBM cells, with a high PGC1α mRNA expression. Notably, mitochondrial function-associated genes were highly expressed in cells alongside high PGC1α expression. Collectively, the results of the present study indicate that PGC1α is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in GBM and may have a role in tumor pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yeon Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hwan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hee Yi
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Enji Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China
| | - Eunjee Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Park
- Department of Physiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
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Torok R, Salamon A, Sumegi E, Zadori D, Veres G, Molnar MF, Vecsei L, Klivenyi P. Effect of MPTP on mRNA expression of PGC-1α in mouse brain. Brain Res 2017; 1660:20-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Foxa1 is essential for development and functional integrity of the subthalamic nucleus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38611. [PMID: 27934886 PMCID: PMC5146925 DOI: 10.1038/srep38611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of transcription factor Foxa1 in mice results in neonatal mortality of unknown cause. Here, we report that ablation of Foxa1 causes impaired development and loss of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Functional deficits in the STN have been implicated in the etiology of Huntington's and Parkinson's disease. We show that neuronal ablation by Synapsin1-Cre-mediated Foxa1 deletion is sufficient to induce hyperlocomotion in mice. Transcriptome profiling of STN neurons in conditional Foxa1 knockout mice revealed changes in gene expression reminiscent of those in neurodegenerative diseases. We identified Ppargc1a, a transcriptional co-activator that is implicated in neurodegeneration, as a Foxa1 target. These findings were substantiated by the observation of Foxa1-dependent demise of STN neurons in conditional models of Foxa1 mutant mice. Finally, we show that the spontaneous firing activity of Foxa1-deficient STN neurons is profoundly impaired. Our data reveal so far elusive roles of Foxa1 in the development and maintenance of STN function.
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Arning L. The search for modifier genes in Huntington disease – Multifactorial aspects of a monogenic disorder. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:404-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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ALS-causing mutations differentially affect PGC-1α expression and function in the brain vs. peripheral tissues. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 97:36-45. [PMID: 27818323 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monogenetic forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) offer an opportunity for unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying this devastating neurodegenerative disorder. In order to identify a link between ALS-related metabolic changes and neurodegeneration, we investigated whether ALS-causing mutations interfere with the peripheral and brain-specific expression and signaling of the metabolic master regulator PGC (PPAR gamma coactivator)-1α (PGC-1α). METHODS We analyzed the expression of PGC-1α isoforms and target genes in two mouse models of familial ALS and validated the stimulated PGC-1α signaling in primary adipocytes and neurons of these animal models and in iPS derived motoneurons of two ALS patients harboring two different frame-shift FUS/TLS mutations. RESULTS Mutations in SOD1 and FUS/TLS decrease Ppargc1a levels in the CNS whereas in muscle and brown adipose tissue Ppargc1a mRNA levels were increased. Probing the underlying mechanism in neurons, we identified the monocarboxylate lactate as a previously unrecognized potent and selective inducer of the CNS-specific PGC-1α isoforms. Lactate also induced genes like brain-derived neurotrophic factor, transcription factor EB and superoxide dismutase 3 that are down-regulated in PGC-1α deficient neurons. The lactate-induced CNS-specific PGC-1α signaling system is completely silenced in motoneurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells obtained from two ALS patients harboring two different frame-shift FUS/TLS mutations. CONCLUSION ALS mutations increase the canonical PGC-1α system in the periphery while inhibiting the CNS-specific isoforms. We identify lactate as an inducer of the neuronal PGC-1α system directly linking brain metabolism and neuroprotection. Changes in the PGC-1α system might be involved in the ALS accompanied metabolic changes and in neurodegeneration.
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45
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Helmstaedter C, Witt JA. How neuropsychology can improve the care of individual patients with epilepsy. Looking back and into the future. Seizure 2016; 44:113-120. [PMID: 27789166 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the roots of current clinical neuropsychology go back to the early days of epilepsy surgery. Looking back a huge number of publications have dealt with cognition in epilepsy. The major factors driving this work were questions relating to surgery, antiepileptic drugs and, more recently, also to underlying pathology. However, most factors affecting cognition in epilepsy have been discerned many years ago. The body of neuropsychological literature in this field has accumulated much knowledge, raising the question why, apart from epilepsy surgery settings, neuropsychology has still not been fully integrated in the routine care of patients with epilepsy. This review on the occasion of Seizure's 25th anniversary attempts to summarize clinically relevant diagnostic advances following a question guided, modular, and evidence-based approach. In doing so, we hope to attract the interest of readers to an exciting mode of assessment which does not only have theoretical but also practical relevance. The comorbidities of epilepsy are becoming an increasingly relevant topic. It is now widely accepted that, while epilepsy may be defined by the occurrence of epileptic seizures, these seizures represent only one of several possible sources of cognitive impairment. It is well-established that there are complex interactions between epilepsy, cognition and behavior, and that both seizures and problems with cognition or behavior may result from a common underlying pathology requiring treatment. With this review we aim to demonstrate that neuropsychology can make a highly valuable contribution to the care of individual patients by contributing to the diagnostic process and by serving as a tool for the monitoring of disease and treatment, thereby improving the quality and safety of patient care. On a national, European, and international level, first efforts are being made to homogenize diagnostics across epilepsy centers and countries in order to achieve a common language and core standards. This should improve communication within and outside the speciality, and help to generate the data required to allow the field to make further progress.
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Adult Conditional Knockout of PGC-1α Leads to Loss of Dopamine Neurons. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0183-16. [PMID: 27622213 PMCID: PMC5011687 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0183-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Recent studies have implicated a role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator protein-1α (PGC-1α) in PD and in animal or cellular models of PD. The role of PGC-1α in the function and survival of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopamine neurons is not clear. Here we find that there are four different PGC-1α isoforms expressed in SH-SY5Y cells, and these four isoforms are expressed across subregions of mouse brain. Adult conditional PGC-1α knock-out mice show a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons that is accompanied by a reduction of dopamine in the striatum. In human PD postmortem tissue from the SNpc, there is a reduction of PGC-1α isoforms and mitochondria markers. Our findings suggest that all four isoforms of PGC-1α are required for the proper expression of mitochondrial proteins in SNpc DA neurons and that PGC-1α is essential for SNpc DA neuronal survival, possibly through the maintenance of mitochondrial function.
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Ye Q, Huang W, Li D, Si E, Wang J, Wang Y, Chen C, Chen X. Overexpression of PGC-1α Influences Mitochondrial Signal Transduction of Dopaminergic Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:3756-3770. [PMID: 26141122 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a powerful transcription factor, interacting with multiple transcription factors and widely involving in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress, and other processes. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects and signal transduction mechanisms of the overexpression of PGC-1α on N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced mitochondrial damage in SH-SY5Y cell, establishing the cell model of overexpression of PGC-1α and the cell model of PD by using adenoviral vectors and MPP(+). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide thiazolyl blue (MTT) assay was used to investigate the effects of MPP(+) and adenovirus on the cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells and the cell viability of experimental groups. Western blot and real-time PCR analysis were used to detect the expression of PGC-1α. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential and the level of cytochrome C, respectively. The level of intracellular ATP and H2O2 was measured by multifunctional fluorescence microplate. Western blot analysis and real-time PCR were used to observe the expression of estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1, and NRF-2. Confocal fluorescence analysis was used to observe subcellular localization of PGC-1α in SH-SY5Y cells under the intervention of MPP(+). The expression of PGC-1α messenger RNA and protein significantly increased in Adv-PGC-1α + GFP groups, compared with the control and Adv-GFP groups (P < 0.01). The overexpression of PGC-1α could increase mitochondrial membrane potential, reduce the release of mitochondrial cytochrome C, inhibit H2O2 production, and improve the level of ATP in SH-SY5Y cells. The trend of expression of ERRα, PPARγ, and NRF-1 was more consistent with PGC-1α, the most remarkable change is ERRα, but the expression of NRF-2 has no significant changes. Under the gradually increasing concentration of MPP(+), microscale PGC-1α gradually appeared in the cytoplasm of SH-SY5Y cells. The overexpression of PGC-1α can inhibit MPP(+)-induced mitochondrial damage in SH-SY5Y cells, and PGC-1α may realize the neuroprotective effects via the ERRα, PPARγ, and NRF-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
| | - Wanling Huang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Dongzhu Li
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Erwang Si
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Juhua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Yingqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
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48
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Szalardy L, Molnar M, Torok R, Zadori D, Kovacs GG, Vecsei L, Klivenyi P. Lack of age-related clinical progression in PGC-1α-deficient mice - implications for mitochondrial encephalopathies. Behav Brain Res 2016; 313:272-281. [PMID: 27424777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Impaired peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) function has been demonstrated in several neurodegenerative diseases, and murine whole-body knockouts of PGC-1α have been considered as models for Huntington's disease. Recent neuropathological studies, however, rather propose these animals to be morphological models of mitochondrial encephalopathies, with special reminiscence of Kearns-Sayre syndrome. PGC-1α-deficient animals have already been subjected to behavioral assessments; however, the contradictory findings and the paucity of data assessing long-term progression necessitated further examinations. This study provides a comprehensive neurological phenotypic profiling of full-length-(FL-)PGC-1α-deficient mice in a broad age spectrum, with special focus on previously controversial findings, the issue of long-term phenotypic progression, the histopathological assessment of previously non-characterized tissues of potential clinicopathological relevance, and the gene expression profile of novel brain-specific isoforms of PGC-1α. Our findings demonstrate moderate hypomotility with signs of gait and trunk ataxia in addition to severe impairments in coordination and muscle strength in FL-PGC-1α-deficient mice, phenotypic features consistent of a mitochondrial disease. Intriguingly, however, these early alterations did not progress with age, the understanding of which may unveil mechanisms of potential therapeutic relevance, as discussed. The observed phenotype did not associate with retinal or spinal cord alterations, and was accompanied by mild myopathic changes. Based on these, FL-PGC-1α-deficient mice can be regarded not only as morphological but behavioral models of mitochondrial encephalopathies, with an important temporal limitation that has now been clarified. The mechanisms capable of halting a potentially lethal phenotype are to be unveiled, as they may hold therapeutic value for mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Szalardy
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary.
| | - Mate Molnar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary.
| | - Rita Torok
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary.
| | - Denes Zadori
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary.
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, AKH 4J, A-1090 Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Austria.
| | - Laszlo Vecsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, H-6725 Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary.
| | - Peter Klivenyi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Hungary.
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A Novel Analytical Strategy to Identify Fusion Transcripts between Repetitive Elements and Protein Coding-Exons Using RNA-Seq. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159028. [PMID: 27415830 PMCID: PMC4945064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive elements (REs) comprise 40-60% of the mammalian genome and have been shown to epigenetically influence the expression of genes through the formation of fusion transcript (FTs). We previously showed that an intracisternal A particle forms an FT with the agouti gene in mice, causing obesity/type 2 diabetes. To determine the frequency of FTs genome-wide, we developed a TopHat-Fusion-based analytical pipeline to identify FTs with high specificity. We applied it to an RNA-seq dataset from the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice repeatedly exposed to cocaine. Cocaine was previously shown to increase the expression of certain REs in this brain region. Using this pipeline that can be applied to single- or paired-end reads, we identified 438 genes expressing 813 different FTs in the NAc. Although all types of studied repeats were present in FTs, simple sequence repeats were underrepresented. Most importantly, reverse-transcription and quantitative PCR validated the expression of selected FTs in an independent cohort of animals, which also revealed that some FTs are the prominent isoforms expressed in the NAc by some genes. In other RNA-seq datasets, developmental expression as well as tissue specificity of some FTs differed from their corresponding non-fusion counterparts. Finally, in silico analysis predicted changes in the structure of proteins encoded by some FTs, potentially resulting in gain or loss of function. Collectively, these results indicate the robustness of our pipeline in detecting these new isoforms of genes, which we believe provides a valuable tool to aid in better understanding the broad role of REs in mammalian cellular biology.
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50
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Lindholm D, Mäkelä J, Di Liberto V, Mudò G, Belluardo N, Eriksson O, Saarma M. Current disease modifying approaches to treat Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1365-79. [PMID: 26616211 PMCID: PMC11108524 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration and death of midbrain dopamine and non-dopamine neurons in the brain leading to motor dysfunctions and other symptoms, which seriously influence the quality of life of PD patients. The drug L-dopa can alleviate the motor symptoms in PD, but so far there are no rational therapies targeting the underlying neurodegenerative processes. Despite intensive research, the molecular mechanisms causing neuronal loss are not fully understood which has hampered the development of new drugs and disease-modifying therapies. Neurotrophic factors are by virtue of their survival promoting activities attract candidates to counteract and possibly halt cell degeneration in PD. In particular, studies employing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its family member neurturin (NRTN), as well as the recently described cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and the mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) have shown positive results in protecting and repairing dopaminergic neurons in various models of PD. Other substances with trophic actions in dopaminergic neurons include neuropeptides and small compounds that target different pathways impaired in PD, such as increased cell stress, protein handling defects, dysfunctional mitochondria and neuroinflammation. In this review, we will highlight the recent developments in this field with a focus on trophic factors and substances having the potential to beneficially influence the viability and functions of dopaminergic neurons as shown in preclinical or in animal models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lindholm
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Minerva Medical Research Institute, Biomedicum-2 Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Johanna Mäkelä
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Medical Research Institute, Biomedicum-2 Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Division of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Division of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Division of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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