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Nefedova VV, Kleymenov SY, Safenkova IV, Levitsky DI, Matyushenko AM. Neurofilament Light Protein Rod Domain Exhibits Structural Heterogeneity. Biomolecules 2024; 14:85. [PMID: 38254685 PMCID: PMC10813002 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofilaments are neuron-specific proteins that belong to the intermediate filament (IFs) protein family, with the neurofilament light chain protein (NFL) being the most abundant. The IFs structure typically includes a central coiled-coil rod domain comprised of coils 1A, 1B, and 2, separated by linker regions. The thermal stability of the IF molecule plays a crucial role in its ability for self-association. In the current study, we investigated the thermal stability of NFL coiled-coil domains by analyzing a set of recombinant domains and their fusions (NFL1B, NFL1A+1B, NFL2, NFL1B+2, and NFLROD) via circular dichroism spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal stability of coiled-coil domains is evident in a wide range of temperatures, and thermal transition values (Tm) correspond well between isolated coiled-coil domains and full-length NFL. NFL1B has a Tm of 39.4 °C, and its' fusions, NFL1A+1B and NFL1B+2, have a Tm of 41.9 °C and 41.5 °C, respectively. However, in the case of NFL2, thermal denaturation includes at least two thermal transitions at 37.2 °C and 62.7 °C. These data indicate that the continuous α-helical structure of the coil 2 domain has parts with varied thermal stability. Among all the NFL fragments, only NFL2 underwent irreversible heat-induced denaturation. Together, these results unveil the origin of full-length NFL's thermal transitions, and reveal its domains structure and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V. Nefedova
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (S.Y.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.I.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Sergey Y. Kleymenov
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (S.Y.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.I.L.); (A.M.M.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Safenkova
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (S.Y.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.I.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Dmitrii I. Levitsky
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (S.Y.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.I.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Alexander M. Matyushenko
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (S.Y.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.I.L.); (A.M.M.)
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2
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Kotaich F, Caillol D, Bomont P. Neurofilaments in health and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1275155. [PMID: 38164457 PMCID: PMC10758125 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1275155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofilaments (NFs) are the most abundant component of mature neurons, that interconnect with actin and microtubules to form the cytoskeleton. Specifically expressed in the nervous system, NFs present the particularity within the Intermediate Filament family of being formed by four subunits, the neurofilament light (NF-L), medium (NF-M), heavy (NF-H) proteins and α-internexin or peripherin. Here, we review the current knowledge on NF proteins and neurofilaments, from their domain structures and their model of assembly to the dynamics of their transport and degradation along the axon. The formation of the filament and its behaviour are regulated by various determinants, including post-transcriptional (miRNA and RBP proteins) and post-translational (phosphorylation and ubiquitination) modifiers. Altogether, the complex set of modifications enable the neuron to establish a stable but elastic NF array constituting the structural scaffold of the axon, while permitting the local expression of NF proteins and providing the dynamics necessary to fulfil local demands and respond to stimuli and injury. Thus, in addition to their roles in mechano-resistance, radial axonal outgrowth and nerve conduction, NFs control microtubule dynamics, organelle distribution and neurotransmission at the synapse. We discuss how the studies of neurodegenerative diseases with NF aggregation shed light on the biology of NFs. In particular, the NEFL and NEFH genes are mutated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, the most common inherited neurological disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The clinical features of the CMT forms (axonal CMT2E, CMT2CC; demyelinating CMT1F; intermediate I-CMT) with symptoms affecting the central nervous system (CNS) will allow us to further investigate the physiological roles of NFs in the brain. Thus, NF-CMT mouse models exhibit various degrees of sensory-motor deficits associated with CNS symptoms. Cellular systems brought findings regarding the dominant effect of NF-L mutants on NF aggregation and transport, although these have been recently challenged. Neurofilament detection without NF-L in recessive CMT is puzzling, calling for a re-examination of the current model in which NF-L is indispensable for NF assembly. Overall, we discuss how the fundamental and translational fields are feeding each-other to increase but also challenge our knowledge of NF biology, and to develop therapeutic avenues for CMT and neurodegenerative diseases with NF aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pascale Bomont
- ERC team, NeuroMyoGene Institute-Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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3
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Huynh DT, Tsolova KN, Watson AJ, Khal SK, Green JR, Li D, Hu J, Soderblom EJ, Chi JT, Evans CS, Boyce M. O-GlcNAcylation regulates neurofilament-light assembly and function and is perturbed by Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease mutations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6558. [PMID: 37848414 PMCID: PMC10582078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurofilament (NF) cytoskeleton is critical for neuronal morphology and function. In particular, the neurofilament-light (NF-L) subunit is required for NF assembly in vivo and is mutated in subtypes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. NFs are highly dynamic, and the regulation of NF assembly state is incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that human NF-L is modified in a nutrient-sensitive manner by O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a ubiquitous form of intracellular glycosylation. We identify five NF-L O-GlcNAc sites and show that they regulate NF assembly state. NF-L engages in O-GlcNAc-mediated protein-protein interactions with itself and with the NF component α-internexin, implying that O-GlcNAc may be a general regulator of NF architecture. We further show that NF-L O-GlcNAcylation is required for normal organelle trafficking in primary neurons. Finally, several CMT-causative NF-L mutants exhibit perturbed O-GlcNAc levels and resist the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on NF assembly state, suggesting a potential link between dysregulated O-GlcNAcylation and pathological NF aggregation. Our results demonstrate that site-specific glycosylation regulates NF-L assembly and function, and aberrant NF O-GlcNAcylation may contribute to CMT and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc T Huynh
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kalina N Tsolova
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Abigail J Watson
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sai Kwan Khal
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jordan R Green
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Di Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jimin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Erik J Soderblom
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Chantell S Evans
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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4
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Nefedova VV, Yampolskaya DS, Kleymenov SY, Chebotareva NA, Matyushenko AM, Levitsky DI. Effect of Neurodegenerative Mutations in the NEFL Gene on Thermal Denaturation of the Neurofilament Light Chain Protein. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:610-620. [PMID: 37331707 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923050048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Effects of E90K, N98S, and A149V mutations in the light chain of neurofilaments (NFL) on the structure and thermal denaturation of the NFL molecule were investigated. By using circular dichroism spectroscopy, it was shown that these mutations did not lead to the changes in α-helical structure of NFL, but they caused noticeable effects on the stability of the molecule. We also identified calorimetric domains in the NFL structure by using differential scanning calorimetry. It was shown that the E90K replacement leads to the disappearance of the low-temperature thermal transition (domain 1). The mutations cause changes in the enthalpy of NFL domains melting, as well as lead to the significant changes in the melting temperatures (Tm) of some calorimetric domains. Thus, despite the fact that all these mutations are associated with the development of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, and two of them are even located very close to each other in the coil 1A, they affect differently structure and stability of the NFL molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V Nefedova
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Daria S Yampolskaya
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Kleymenov
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Natalia A Chebotareva
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | | | - Dmitrii I Levitsky
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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5
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Rao MV, Darji S, Stavrides PH, Goulbourne CN, Kumar A, Yang DS, Yoo L, Peddy J, Lee JH, Yuan A, Nixon RA. Autophagy is a novel pathway for neurofilament protein degradation in vivo. Autophagy 2023; 19:1277-1292. [PMID: 36131358 PMCID: PMC10012948 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2124500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
How macroautophagy/autophagy influences neurofilament (NF) proteins in neurons, a frequent target in neurodegenerative diseases and injury, is not known. NFs in axons have exceptionally long half-lives in vivo enabling formation of large stable supporting networks, but they can be rapidly degraded during Wallerian degeneration initiated by a limited calpain cleavage. Here, we identify autophagy as a previously unrecognized pathway for NF subunit protein degradation that modulates constitutive and inducible NF turnover in vivo. Levels of NEFL/NF-L, NEFM/NF-M, and NEFH/NF-H subunits rise substantially in neuroblastoma (N2a) cells after blocking autophagy either with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), by depleting ATG5 expression with shRNA, or by using both treatments. In contrast, activating autophagy with rapamycin significantly lowers NF levels in N2a cells. In the mouse brain, NF subunit levels increase in vivo after intracerebroventricular infusion of 3-MA. Furthermore, using tomographic confocal microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, and biochemical fractionation, we demonstrate the presence of NF proteins intra-lumenally within autophagosomes (APs), autolysosomes (ALs), and lysosomes (LYs). Our findings establish a prominent role for autophagy in NF proteolysis. Autophagy may regulate axon cytoskeleton size and responses of the NF cytoskeleton to injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala V Rao
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandipkumar Darji
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Philip H Stavrides
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Chris N Goulbourne
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Asok Kumar
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Dun-Sheng Yang
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lang Yoo
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - James Peddy
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aidong Yuan
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Cell Biology, NewYork University Langone Medical Center, NY, USA.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Huynh DT, Hu J, Schneider JR, Tsolova KN, Soderblom EJ, Watson AJ, Chi JT, Evans CS, Boyce M. O-GlcNAcylation regulates neurofilament-light assembly and function and is perturbed by Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease mutations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.22.529563. [PMID: 36865196 PMCID: PMC9980138 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.22.529563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The neurofilament (NF) cytoskeleton is critical for neuronal morphology and function. In particular, the neurofilament-light (NF-L) subunit is required for NF assembly in vivo and is mutated in subtypes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. NFs are highly dynamic, and the regulation of NF assembly state is incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that human NF-L is modified in a nutrient-sensitive manner by O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a ubiquitous form of intracellular glycosylation. We identify five NF-L O-GlcNAc sites and show that they regulate NF assembly state. Interestingly, NF-L engages in O-GlcNAc-mediated protein-protein interactions with itself and with the NF component α-internexin, implying that O-GlcNAc is a general regulator of NF architecture. We further show that NF-L O-GlcNAcylation is required for normal organelle trafficking in primary neurons, underlining its functional significance. Finally, several CMT-causative NF-L mutants exhibit perturbed O-GlcNAc levels and resist the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on NF assembly state, indicating a potential link between dysregulated O-GlcNAcylation and pathological NF aggregation. Our results demonstrate that site-specific glycosylation regulates NF-L assembly and function, and aberrant NF O-GlcNAcylation may contribute to CMT and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc T. Huynh
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jimin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jordan R. Schneider
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kalina N. Tsolova
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Erik J. Soderblom
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Abigail J. Watson
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chantell S. Evans
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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7
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Dion V, Schumacher N, Masar N, Pieltain A, Tocquin P, Lesoinne P, Malgrange B, Vandenbosch R, Franzen R. Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 contributes to myelin maintenance in the adult central nervous system and promotes myelin gene expression. Glia 2022; 70:1652-1665. [PMID: 35488490 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms regulating oligodendrocyte differentiation, developmental myelination and myelin maintenance in adulthood are complex and still not completely described. Their understanding is crucial for the development of new protective or therapeutic strategies in demyelinating pathologies such as multiple sclerosis. In this perspective, we have investigated the role of Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (Cdk7), a kinase involved in cell-cycle progression and transcription regulation, in the oligodendroglial lineage. We generated a conditional knock-out mouse model in which Cdk7 is invalidated in post-mitotic oligodendrocytes. At the end of developmental myelination, the number and diameter of myelinated axons, as well as the myelin structure, thickness and protein composition, were normal. However, in young adult and in aged mice, there was a higher number of small caliber myelinated axons associated with a decreased mean axonal diameter, myelin sheaths of large caliber axons were thinner, and the level of some major myelin-associated proteins was reduced. These defects were accompanied by the appearance of an abnormal clasping phenotype. We also used an in vitro oligodendroglial model and showed that Cdk7 pharmacological inhibition led to an altered myelination-associated morphological modification combined with a decreased expression of myelin-specific genes. Altogether, we identified novel functions for Cdk7 in CNS myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Dion
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapies, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Schumacher
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapies, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Masar
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapies, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Pieltain
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapies, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Tocquin
- CARE PhytoSYSTEMS, Integrative Biological Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lesoinne
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapies, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA Stem Cells & GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Renaud Vandenbosch
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA Stem Cells & GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Histology, Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Rachelle Franzen
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapies, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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8
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Sainio MT, Rasila T, Molchanova SM, Järvilehto J, Torregrosa-Muñumer R, Harjuhaahto S, Pennonen J, Huber N, Herukka SK, Haapasalo A, Zetterberg H, Taira T, Palmio J, Ylikallio E, Tyynismaa H. Neurofilament Light Regulates Axon Caliber, Synaptic Activity, and Organelle Trafficking in Cultured Human Motor Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:820105. [PMID: 35237613 PMCID: PMC8883324 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.820105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofilament light (NFL) is one of the proteins forming multimeric neuron-specific intermediate filaments, neurofilaments, which fill the axonal cytoplasm, establish caliber growth, and provide structural support. Dominant missense mutations and recessive nonsense mutations in the neurofilament light gene (NEFL) are among the causes of Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) neuropathy, which affects the peripheral nerves with the longest axons. We previously demonstrated that a neuropathy-causing homozygous nonsense mutation in NEFL led to the absence of NFL in patient-specific neurons. To understand the disease-causing mechanisms, we investigate here the functional effects of NFL loss in human motor neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). We used genome editing to generate NEFL knockouts and compared them to patient-specific nonsense mutants and isogenic controls. iPSC lacking NFL differentiated efficiently into motor neurons with normal axon growth and regrowth after mechanical axotomy and contained neurofilaments. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that motor neurons without NFL fired spontaneous and evoked action potentials with similar characteristics as controls. However, we found that, in the absence of NFL, human motor neurons 1) had reduced axonal caliber, 2) the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) was decreased, 3) neurofilament heavy (NFH) levels were reduced and no compensatory increases in other filament subunits were observed, and 4) the movement of mitochondria and to a lesser extent lysosomes was increased. Our findings elaborate the functional roles of NFL in human motor neurons. NFL is not only a structural protein forming neurofilaments and filling the axonal cytoplasm, but our study supports the role of NFL in the regulation of synaptic transmission and organelle trafficking. To rescue the NFL deficiency in the patient-specific nonsense mutant motor neurons, we used three drugs, amlexanox, ataluren (PTC-124), and gentamicin to induce translational read-through or inhibit nonsense-mediated decay. However, the drugs failed to increase the amount of NFL protein to detectable levels and were toxic to iPSC-derived motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus T Sainio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Rasila
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Svetlana M Molchanova
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julius Järvilehto
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rubén Torregrosa-Muñumer
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sandra Harjuhaahto
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jana Pennonen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nadine Huber
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tomi Taira
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Biosciences for Electrophysiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Palmio
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Kim HJ, Kim SB, Kim HS, Kwon HM, Park JH, Lee AJ, Lim SO, Nam SH, Hong YB, Chung KW, Choi BO. Phenotypic heterogeneity in patients with NEFL-related Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1870. [PMID: 35044100 PMCID: PMC8830812 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common hereditary peripheral neuropathy. Mutations in the neurofilament light polypeptide (NEFL) gene produce diverse clinical phenotypes, including demyelinating (CMT1F), axonal (CMT2E), and intermediate (CMTDIG) neuropathies. From 2005 to 2020, 1,143 Korean CMT families underwent gene sequencing, and we investigated the clinical, genetic, and neuroimaging spectra of NEFL‐related CMT patients. Ten NEFL mutations in 17 families (1.49%) were identified, of which three (p.L312P, p.Y443N, and p.K467N) were novel. Eight de novo cases were identified at a rate of 0.47 based on a cosegregation analysis. The age of onset was ≤3 years in five cases (13.5%). The patients revealed additional features including delayed walking, ataxia, dysphagia, dysarthria, dementia, ptosis, waddling gait, tremor, hearing loss, and abnormal visual evoked potential. Signs of ataxia were found in 26 patients (70.3%). In leg MRI analyses, various degrees of intramuscular fat infiltration were found. All compartments were evenly affected in CMT1F patients. The anterior and anterolateral compartments were affected in CMT2E, and the posterior compartment was affected in CMTDIG. Thus, NEFL‐related CMT patients showed phenotypic heterogeneities. This study's clinical, genetic, and neuroimaging results could be helpful in the evaluation of novel NEFL variants and differential diagnosis against other CMT subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Beom Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Mi Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Jin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Si On Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Nam
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Bosco L, Falzone YM, Previtali SC. Animal Models as a Tool to Design Therapeutical Strategies for CMT-like Hereditary Neuropathies. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1237. [PMID: 34573256 PMCID: PMC8465478 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, animal models have provided fundamental information in medical knowledge. This also applies for discoveries in the field of inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs), where they have been instrumental for our understanding of nerve development, pathogenesis of neuropathy, molecules and pathways involved and to design potential therapies. In this review, we briefly describe how animal models have been used in ancient medicine until the use of rodents as the prevalent model in present times. We then travel along different examples of how rodents have been used to improve our understanding of IPNs. We do not intend to describe all discoveries and animal models developed for IPNs, but just to touch on a few arbitrary and paradigmatic examples, taken from our direct experience or from literature. The idea is to show how strategies have been developed to finally arrive to possible treatments for IPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Carlo Previtali
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (Y.M.F.)
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11
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Markworth R, Bähr M, Burk K. Held Up in Traffic-Defects in the Trafficking Machinery in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:695294. [PMID: 34483837 PMCID: PMC8415527 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.695294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), also known as motor and sensory neuropathy, describes a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system. CMT typically arises in early adulthood and is manifested by progressive loss of motor and sensory functions; however, the mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss disrupted intracellular transport as a common denominator in the pathogenesis of different CMT subtypes. Intracellular transport via the endosomal system is essential for the delivery of lipids, proteins, and organelles bidirectionally to synapses and the soma. As neurons of the peripheral nervous system are amongst the longest neurons in the human body, they are particularly susceptible to damage of the intracellular transport system, leading to a loss in axonal integrity and neuronal death. Interestingly, defects in intracellular transport, both in neurons and Schwann cells, have been found to provoke disease. This review explains the mechanisms of trafficking and subsequently summarizes and discusses the latest findings on how defects in trafficking lead to CMT. A deeper understanding of intracellular trafficking defects in CMT will expand our understanding of CMT pathogenesis and will provide novel approaches for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Markworth
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Burk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Feliciano CM, Wu K, Watry HL, Marley CBE, Ramadoss GN, Ghanim HY, Liu AZ, Zholudeva LV, McDevitt TC, Saporta MA, Conklin BR, Judge LM. Allele-Specific Gene Editing Rescues Pathology in a Human Model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 2E. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:723023. [PMID: 34485306 PMCID: PMC8415563 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neuromuscular disorders are caused by dominant missense mutations that lead to dominant-negative or gain-of-function pathology. This category of disease is challenging to address via drug treatment or gene augmentation therapy because these strategies may not eliminate the effects of the mutant protein or RNA. Thus, effective treatments are severely lacking for these dominant diseases, which often cause severe disability or death. The targeted inactivation of dominant disease alleles by gene editing is a promising approach with the potential to completely remove the cause of pathology with a single treatment. Here, we demonstrate that allele-specific CRISPR gene editing in a human model of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease rescues pathology caused by a dominant missense mutation in the neurofilament light chain gene (NEFL, CMT type 2E). We utilized a rapid and efficient method for generating spinal motor neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a patient with CMT2E. Diseased motor neurons recapitulated known pathologic phenotypes at early time points of differentiation, including aberrant accumulation of neurofilament light chain protein in neuronal cell bodies. We selectively inactivated the disease NEFL allele in patient iPSCs using Cas9 enzymes to introduce a frameshift at the pathogenic N98S mutation. Motor neurons carrying this allele-specific frameshift demonstrated an amelioration of the disease phenotype comparable to that seen in an isogenic control with precise correction of the mutation. Our results validate allele-specific gene editing as a therapeutic approach for CMT2E and as a promising strategy to silence dominant mutations in any gene for which heterozygous loss-of-function is well tolerated. This highlights the potential for gene editing as a therapy for currently untreatable dominant neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa M. Feliciano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth Wu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Chiara B. E. Marley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Gokul N. Ramadoss
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Angela Z. Liu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Todd C. McDevitt
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mario A. Saporta
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bruce R. Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Luke M. Judge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
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13
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Stone EJ, Kolb SJ, Brown A. A review and analysis of the clinical literature on Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease caused by mutations in neurofilament protein L. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:97-110. [PMID: 33993654 PMCID: PMC10174713 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the most common inherited neurological disorders and can be caused by mutations in over 100 different genes. One of the causative genes is NEFL on chromosome 8 which encodes neurofilament light protein (NEFL), one of five proteins that co-assemble to form neurofilaments. At least 34 different CMT-causing mutations in NEFL have been reported which span the head, rod, and tail domains of the protein. The majority of these mutations are inherited dominantly, but some are inherited recessively. The resulting disease is classified variably in clinical reports based on electrodiagnostic studies as either axonal (type 2; CMT2E), demyelinating (type 1; CMT1F), or a form intermediate between the two (dominant intermediate; DI-CMTG). In this article, we first present a brief introduction to CMT and neurofilaments. We then collate and analyze the data from the clinical literature on the disease classification, age of onset and electrodiagnostic test results for the various mutations. We find that mutations in the head, rod, and tail domains can all cause disease with early onset and profound neurological impairment, with a trend toward greater severity for head domain mutations. We also find that the disease classification does not correlate with specific mutation or domain. In fact, different individuals with the same mutation can be classified as having axonal, demyelinating, or dominant intermediate forms of the disease. This suggests that the classification of the disease as CMT2E, CMT1F or DI-CMTG has more to do with variable disease presentation than to differences in the underlying disease mechanism, which is most likely primarily axonal in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Stone
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen J Kolb
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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14
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Moss KR, Bopp TS, Johnson AE, Höke A. New evidence for secondary axonal degeneration in demyelinating neuropathies. Neurosci Lett 2021; 744:135595. [PMID: 33359733 PMCID: PMC7852893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin involves a coordinated series of events between growing axons and the Schwann cell (SC) progenitors that will eventually ensheath them. Myelin sheaths have evolved out of necessity to maintain rapid impulse propagation while accounting for body space constraints. However, myelinating SCs perform additional critical functions that are required to preserve axonal integrity including mitigating energy consumption by establishing the nodal architecture, regulating axon caliber by organizing axonal cytoskeleton networks, providing trophic and potentially metabolic support, possibly supplying genetic translation materials and protecting axons from toxic insults. The intermediate steps between the loss of these functions and the initiation of axon degeneration are unknown but the importance of these processes provides insightful clues. Prevalent demyelinating diseases of the PNS include the inherited neuropathies Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type 1 (CMT1) and Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsies (HNPP) and the inflammatory diseases Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP) and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP). Secondary axon degeneration is a common feature of demyelinating neuropathies and this process is often correlated with clinical deficits and long-lasting disability in patients. There is abundant electrophysiological and histological evidence for secondary axon degeneration in patients and rodent models of PNS demyelinating diseases. Fully understanding the involvement of secondary axon degeneration in these diseases is essential for expanding our knowledge of disease pathogenesis and prognosis, which will be essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Moss
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Taylor S Bopp
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anna E Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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15
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Gafson AR, Barthélemy NR, Bomont P, Carare RO, Durham HD, Julien JP, Kuhle J, Leppert D, Nixon RA, Weller RO, Zetterberg H, Matthews PM. Neurofilaments: neurobiological foundations for biomarker applications. Brain 2020; 143:1975-1998. [PMID: 32408345 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in neurofilaments has risen sharply in recent years with recognition of their potential as biomarkers of brain injury or neurodegeneration in CSF and blood. This is in the context of a growing appreciation for the complexity of the neurobiology of neurofilaments, new recognition of specialized roles for neurofilaments in synapses and a developing understanding of mechanisms responsible for their turnover. Here we will review the neurobiology of neurofilament proteins, describing current understanding of their structure and function, including recently discovered evidence for their roles in synapses. We will explore emerging understanding of the mechanisms of neurofilament degradation and clearance and review new methods for future elucidation of the kinetics of their turnover in humans. Primary roles of neurofilaments in the pathogenesis of human diseases will be described. With this background, we then will review critically evidence supporting use of neurofilament concentration measures as biomarkers of neuronal injury or degeneration. Finally, we will reflect on major challenges for studies of the neurobiology of intermediate filaments with specific attention to identifying what needs to be learned for more precise use and confident interpretation of neurofilament measures as biomarkers of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie R Gafson
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Nicolas R Barthélemy
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pascale Bomont
- ATIP-Avenir team, INM, INSERM, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Heather D Durham
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Leppert
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Roy O Weller
- Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Paul M Matthews
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, London
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16
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Ferenc K, Pilžys T, Garbicz D, Marcinkowski M, Skorobogatov O, Dylewska M, Gajewski Z, Grzesiuk E, Zabielski R. Intracellular and tissue specific expression of FTO protein in pig: changes with age, energy intake and metabolic status. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13029. [PMID: 32747736 PMCID: PMC7400765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies in the FTO gene have identified SNPs correlating with obesity and type 2 diabetes. In mice, lack of Fto function leads to intrauterine growth retardation and lean phenotype, whereas in human it is lethal. The aim of this study in a pig model was to determine the localization of the FTO protein in different tissues and cell compartments, in order to investigate potential targets of FTO action. To better understand physiological role of FTO protein, its expression was studied in pigs of different age, metabolic status and nutrition, using both microscopic methods and Western blot analysis. For the first time, FTO protein was found in vivo in the cytoplasm, of not all, but specific tissues and cells e.g. in the pancreatic β-cells. Abundant FTO protein expression was found in the cerebellum, salivary gland and kidney of adult pigs. No FTO protein expression was detected in blood, saliva, and bile, excluding its role in cell-to-cell communication. In the pancreas, FTO protein expression was positively associated with energy intake, whereas in the muscles it was strictly age-related. In IUGR piglets, FTO protein expression was much higher in the cerebellum and kidneys, as compared to normal birth body weight littermates. In conclusion, our data suggest that FTO protein may play a number of distinct, yet unknown intracellular functions due to its localization. Moreover, it may play a role in animal growth/development and metabolic state, although additional studies are necessary to clarify the detailed mechanism(s) of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Ferenc
- Veterinary Research Centre, Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomaš Pilžys
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Garbicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Marcinkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oleksandr Skorobogatov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dylewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Gajewski
- Veterinary Research Centre, Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grzesiuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Romuald Zabielski
- Veterinary Research Centre, Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland.
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17
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Pereira JA, Gerber J, Ghidinelli M, Gerber D, Tortola L, Ommer A, Bachofner S, Santarella F, Tinelli E, Lin S, Rüegg MA, Kopf M, Toyka KV, Suter U. Mice carrying an analogous heterozygous dynamin 2 K562E mutation that causes neuropathy in humans develop predominant characteristics of a primary myopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:1253-1273. [PMID: 32129442 PMCID: PMC7254847 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some mutations affecting dynamin 2 (DNM2) can cause dominantly inherited Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. Here, we describe the analysis of mice carrying the DNM2 K562E mutation which has been associated with dominant-intermediate CMT type B (CMTDIB). Contrary to our expectations, heterozygous DNM2 K562E mutant mice did not develop definitive signs of an axonal or demyelinating neuropathy. Rather, we found a primary myopathy-like phenotype in these mice. A likely interpretation of these results is that the lack of a neuropathy in this mouse model has allowed the unmasking of a primary myopathy due to the DNM2 K562E mutation which might be overshadowed by the neuropathy in humans. Consequently, we hypothesize that a primary myopathy may also contribute to the disease mechanism in some CMTDIB patients. We propose that these findings should be considered in the evaluation of patients, the determination of the underlying disease processes and the development of tailored potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Pereira
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Gerber
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Ghidinelli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Gerber
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Tortola
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Ommer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Bachofner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Santarella
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Tinelli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shuo Lin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus A Rüegg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus V Toyka
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ueli Suter
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Mayaki AM, Abdul Razak IS, Noraniza MA, Mazlina M, Rasedee A. Biofluid Markers of Equine Neurological Disorders Reviewed From Human Perspectives. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 86:102907. [PMID: 32067661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders (NDs) are often fatal to horses. Thus, symptoms of equine NDs commonly indicate euthanasia. Current diagnostic approaches for equine NDs is based on clinical signs, differential diagnoses, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), assessment of histopathological lesions, and imaging. However, advances in biofluid biomarkers in the diagnosis of human neurological diseases can potentially be applied to equine NDs. In this review, we described the established human blood and CSF neurobiomarkers that could potentially be used to diagnose equine NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Musa Mayaki
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Shameha Abdul Razak
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Adzahan Noraniza
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mazlan Mazlina
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Rasedee
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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19
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Maciel R, Correa R, Bosso Taniguchi J, Prufer Araujo I, Saporta MA. Human Tridimensional Neuronal Cultures for Phenotypic Drug Screening in Inherited Peripheral Neuropathies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 107:1231-1239. [PMID: 31715019 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Length-dependent axonal degeneration is the pathologic hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders, including inherited peripheral neuropathies (Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease). CMT is currently an untreatable disorder. This is partially due to lack of translational models suitable for drug discovery. In vitro models of CMT have been hindered by the 2D configuration of neuronal cultures, which limits visualization and orientation of axons. To overcome these limitations, we cultured induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived spinal motor neurons as 3D spheroids, which grow axons in a centrifugal fashion when plated. Using these iPSC-derived spinal spheroids, we demonstrate neurofilament deposits in motor neuron axons of three patients with CMT2E, caused by mutations in the NEFL gene. This phenotype is partially reversed by two kinase inhibitors. In summary, we developed a human tridimensional in vitro system that models length-dependent axonopathies, recapitulates key pathophysiologic features of CMT2E, and should facilitate the identification of new therapeutic compounds for CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Maciel
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Renata Correa
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Igor Prufer Araujo
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mario A Saporta
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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20
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Gallardo-Orihuela A, Hervás-Corpión I, Hierro-Bujalance C, Sanchez-Sotano D, Jiménez-Gómez G, Mora-López F, Campos-Caro A, Garcia-Alloza M, Valor LM. Transcriptional correlates of the pathological phenotype in a Huntington's disease mouse model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18696. [PMID: 31822756 PMCID: PMC6904489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder without a cure that is caused by an aberrant expansion of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Although a negative correlation between the number of CAG repeats and the age of disease onset is established, additional factors may contribute to the high heterogeneity of the complex manifestation of symptoms among patients. This variability is also observed in mouse models, even under controlled genetic and environmental conditions. To better understand this phenomenon, we analysed the R6/1 strain in search of potential correlates between pathological motor/cognitive phenotypical traits and transcriptional alterations. HD-related genes (e.g., Penk, Plk5, Itpka), despite being downregulated across the examined brain areas (the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum), exhibited tissue-specific correlations with particular phenotypical traits that were attributable to the contribution of the brain region to that trait (e.g., striatum and rotarod performance, cerebellum and feet clasping). Focusing on the striatum, we determined that the transcriptional dysregulation associated with HD was partially exacerbated in mice that showed poor overall phenotypical scores, especially in genes with relevant roles in striatal functioning (e.g., Pde10a, Drd1, Drd2, Ppp1r1b). However, we also observed transcripts associated with relatively better outcomes, such as Nfya (CCAAT-binding transcription factor NF-Y subunit A) plus others related to neuronal development, apoptosis and differentiation. In this study, we demonstrated that altered brain transcription can be related to the manifestation of HD-like symptoms in mouse models and that this can be extrapolated to the highly heterogeneous population of HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gallardo-Orihuela
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Irati Hervás-Corpión
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Hierro-Bujalance
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanchez-Sotano
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gema Jiménez-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Mora-López
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Luis M Valor
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain. .,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain.
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21
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Stone EJ, Uchida A, Brown A. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 2E/1F mutant neurofilament proteins assemble into neurofilaments. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:423-439. [PMID: 31574566 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 2E/1F (CMT2E/1F) is a peripheral neuropathy caused by mutations in neurofilament protein L (NFL), which is one of five neurofilament subunit proteins that co-assemble to form neurofilaments in vivo. Prior studies on cultured cells have shown that CMT2E/1F mutations disrupt neurofilament assembly and lead to protein aggregation, suggesting a possible disease mechanism. However, electron microscopy of axons in peripheral nerve biopsies from patients has revealed accumulations of neurofilament polymers of normal appearance and no evidence of protein aggregates. To reconcile these observations, we reexamined the assembly of seven CMT2E/1F NFL mutants in cultured cells. None of the mutants assembled into homopolymers in SW13vim- cells, but P8R, P22S, L268/269P, and P440/441L mutant NFL assembled into heteropolymers in the presence of neurofilament protein M (NFM) alone, and N98S, Q332/333P, and E396/397K mutant NFL assembled in the presence of NFM and peripherin. P8R, P22S, N98S, L268/269P, E396/397K, and P440/441L mutant NFL co-assembled into neurofilaments with endogenous NFL, NFM, and α-internexin in cultured neurons, although the N98S and E396/397K mutants showed reduced filament incorporation, and the Q332/333P mutant showed limited incorporation. We conclude that all the mutants are capable of assembling into neurofilaments, but for some of the mutants this was dependent on the identity of the other neurofilament proteins available for co-assembly, and most likely also their relative expression level. Thus, caution should be exercised when drawing conclusions about the assembly capacity of CMT2E/1F mutants based on transient transfections in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Stone
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Atsuko Uchida
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anthony Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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22
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Moss KR, Höke A. Targeting the programmed axon degeneration pathway as a potential therapeutic for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Brain Res 2019; 1727:146539. [PMID: 31689415 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The programmed axon degeneration pathway has emerged as an important process contributing to the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases. The most crucial events in this pathway include activation of the central executioner SARM1 and NAD+ depletion, which leads to an energetic failure and ultimately axon destruction. Given the prevalence of this pathway, it is not surprising that inhibitory therapies are currently being developed in order to treat multiple neurological diseases with the same therapy. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a heterogeneous group of neurological diseases that may also benefit from this therapeutic approach. To evaluate the appropriateness of this strategy, the contribution of the programmed axon degeneration pathway to the pathogenesis of different CMT subtypes is being actively investigated. The subtypes CMT1A, CMT1B and CMT2D are the first to have been examined. Based on the results from these studies and advances in developing therapies to block the programmed axon degeneration pathway, promising therapeutics for CMT are now on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Moss
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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23
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Bhatti UF, Williams AM, Georgoff PE, Alam HB. The 'Omics' of Epigenetic Modulation by Valproic Acid Treatment in Traumatic Brain Injury-What We Know and What the Future Holds. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1900068. [PMID: 31441601 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous injury that is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epigenetic modulation through the alteration of cellular acetylation by valproic acid (VPA) administration has shown promise as a novel pharmacological treatment for TBI. It improves clinical outcomes through multiple mechanisms, many of which are still poorly understood. In recent years, omics technologies have emerged as a promising strategy to detect molecular changes at the cellular level. This review highlights the use of these high throughput technologies in advancing the understanding of epigenetic modulation by VPA in TBI. It also describes the future role of omics techniques in developing a point of care test to guide patient selection for VPA administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar F Bhatti
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Aaron M Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Patrick E Georgoff
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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24
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Didonna A, Opal P. The role of neurofilament aggregation in neurodegeneration: lessons from rare inherited neurological disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:19. [PMID: 31097008 PMCID: PMC6524292 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are well known to involve the accumulation of disease-specific proteins. Less well known are the accumulations of another set of proteins, neuronal intermediate filaments (NFs), which have been observed in these diseases for decades. NFs belong to the family of cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins (IFs) that give cells their shape; they determine axonal caliber, which controls signal conduction; and they regulate the transport of synaptic vesicles and modulate synaptic plasticity by binding to neurotransmitter receptors. In the last two decades, a number of rare disorders caused by mutations in genes that encode NFs or regulate their metabolism have been discovered. These less prevalent disorders are providing novel insights into the role of NF aggregation in the more common neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Didonna
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Puneet Opal
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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25
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Lerat J, Magdelaine C, Beauvais-Dzugan H, Espil C, Ghorab K, Latour P, Derouault P, Sturtz F, Lia AS. A novel pathogenic variant of NEFL responsible for deafness associated with peripheral neuropathy discovered through next-generation sequencing and review of the literature. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2019; 24:139-144. [PMID: 30734407 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurofilaments are neuron-specific intermediate filaments essential for the radial growth of axons during development and the maintenance of axonal diameter. Pathogenic variants of Neurofilament Light (NEFL) are associated with CMT1F, CMT2E, and CMTDIG and have been observed in less than 1% of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) cases, resulting in the reporting of 35 variants in 173 CMT patients to date. However, only six variants have been reported in 17 patients with impaired hearing. No genotype-phenotype correlations have yet been established. Here, we report an additional case: a 69-year-old female, who originally presented with axonal sensory and motor neuropathy at the age of 45, associated with moderate sensorineural hearing loss, with a slight slope at high frequencies. Next-generation sequencing identified a novel pathogenic variant: c.269A > G, p.(Glu90Gly). Hearing impairment is often linked to CMT due to pathogenic variants of NEFL, especially p.(Glu90Lys) and p.(Asn98Ser), and in our case p.(Glu90Gly). These pathogenic variants are all located at hot spots, in the head domain and the two ends of the rod domain of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Lerat
- Univ. Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Limoges, France
| | - Corinne Magdelaine
- Univ. Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Limoges, France
| | - Hélène Beauvais-Dzugan
- Univ. Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Limoges, France
| | | | - Karima Ghorab
- Univ. Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service Neurologie, Limoges, France
| | | | - Paco Derouault
- CHU Limoges, Service Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Limoges, France
| | - Franck Sturtz
- Univ. Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Limoges, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lia
- Univ. Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Limoges, France
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26
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Tang M, Luo Z, Wu Y, Zhuang J, Li K, Hu D, Rong H, Xian B, Ge J. BAM15 attenuates transportation-induced apoptosis in iPS-differentiated retinal tissue. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:64. [PMID: 30795805 PMCID: PMC6387563 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BAM15 is a novel mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler capable of protecting mammals from acute renal ischemic-reperfusion injury and cold-induced microtubule damage. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of BAM15 on apoptosis during 5-day transportation of human-induced pluripotent stem (hiPS)-differentiated retinal tissue. Methods Retinal tissues of 30 days and 60 days were transported with or without BAM15 for 5 days in the laboratory or by real express. Immunofluorescence staining of apoptosis marker cleaved caspase3, proliferation marker Ki67, and neural axon marker NEFL was performed. And expression of apoptotic-related factors p53, NFkappaB, and TNF-a was detected by real-time PCR. Also, location of ganglion cells, photoreceptor cells, amacrine cells, and precursors of neuronal cell types in retinal tissue was stained by immunofluorescence after transportation. Furthermore, cell viability was assessed by CCK8 assay. Results Results showed transportation remarkably intensified expression of apoptotic factor cleaved caspase3, p53, NFkappaB, and TNF-a, which could be reduced by supplement of BAM15. In addition, neurons were severely injured after transportation, with axons manifesting disrupted and tortuous by staining NEFL. And the addition of BAM15 in transportation was able to protect neuronal structure and increase cell viability without affecting subtypes cells location of retinal tissue. Conclusions BAM15 might be used as a protective reagent on apoptosis during transporting retinal tissues, holding great potential in research and clinical applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1151-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Ziming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Kaijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Dongpeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Huifeng Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Bikun Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Jian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
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Lancaster E, Li J, Hanania T, Liem R, Scheideler MA, Scherer SS. Myelinated axons fail to develop properly in a genetically authentic mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2E. Exp Neurol 2018; 308:13-25. [PMID: 29940160 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have analyzed a mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2E (CMT2E) harboring a heterozygous p.Asn98Ser (p.N98S) Nefl mutation, whose human counterpart results in a severe, early-onset neuropathy. Behavioral, electrophysiological, and pathological analyses were done on separate cohorts of NeflN98S/+ mutant mice and their wild type Nefl+/+ littermates between 8 and 48 weeks of age. The motor performance of NeflN98S/+ mice, as evidenced by altered balance and gait measures, was impaired at every age examined (from 6 to 25 weeks of age). At all times examined, myelinated axons were smaller and contained markedly fewer neurofilaments in NeflN98S/+ mice, in all examined aspects of the PNS, from the nerve roots to the distal ends of the sciatic and caudal nerves. Similarly, the myelinated axons in the various tracts of the spinal cord and in the optic nerves were smaller and contained fewer neurofilaments in mutant mice. The myelinated axons in both the PNS and the CNS of mutant mice had relatively thicker myelin sheaths. The amplitude and the nerve conduction velocity of the caudal nerves were reduced in proportion with the diminished sizes of myelinated axons. Conspicuous aggregations of neurofilaments were only seen in primary sensory and motor neurons, and were largely confined to the cell bodies and proximal axons. There was evidence of axonal degeneration and regeneration of myelinated axons, mostly in distal nerves. In summary, the p.N98S mutation causes a profound reduction of neurofilaments in the myelinated axons of the PNS and CNS, resulting in substantially reduced axonal diameters, particularly of large myelinated axons, and distal axon loss in the PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjoo Lancaster
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Taleen Hanania
- Psychogenics Inc 215 College Road Paramus, NJ 07652, United States
| | - Ronald Liem
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | | | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Horga A, Laurà M, Jaunmuktane Z, Jerath NU, Gonzalez MA, Polke JM, Poh R, Blake JC, Liu YT, Wiethoff S, Bettencourt C, Lunn MP, Manji H, Hanna MG, Houlden H, Brandner S, Züchner S, Shy M, Reilly MM. Genetic and clinical characteristics of NEFL-related Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:575-585. [PMID: 28501821 PMCID: PMC5580821 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-315077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse and describe the clinical and genetic spectrum of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) caused by mutations in the neurofilament light polypeptide gene (NEFL). METHODS Combined analysis of newly identified patients with NEFL-related CMT and all previously reported cases from the literature. RESULTS Five new unrelated patients with CMT carrying the NEFL mutations P8R and N98S and the novel variant L311P were identified. Combined data from these cases and 62 kindreds from the literature revealed four common mutations (P8R, P22S, N98S and E396K) and three mutational hotspots accounting for 37 (55%) and 50 (75%) kindreds, respectively. Eight patients had de novo mutations. Loss of large-myelinated fibres was a uniform feature in a total of 21 sural nerve biopsies and 'onion bulb' formations and/or thin myelin sheaths were observed in 14 (67%) of them. The neurophysiological phenotype was broad but most patients with E90K and N98S had upper limb motor conduction velocities <38 m/s. Age of onset was ≤3 years in 25 cases. Pyramidal tract signs were described in 13 patients and 7 patients were initially diagnosed with or tested for inherited ataxia. Patients with E90K and N98S frequently presented before age 3 years and developed hearing loss or other neurological features including ataxia and/or cerebellar atrophy on brain MRI. CONCLUSIONS NEFL-related CMT is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Based on this study, however, we propose mutational hotspots and relevant clinical-genetic associations that may be helpful in the evaluation of NEFL sequence variants and the differential diagnosis with other forms of CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Horga
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Laurà
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UCL Institute of Neurology, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Michael A Gonzalez
- Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,The Genesis Project Foundation, The Genesis Project Foundation, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - James M Polke
- Department of Neurogenetics, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Roy Poh
- Department of Neurogenetics, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Julian C Blake
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital), London, UK
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Wiethoff
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Pt Lunn
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Hadi Manji
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Michael G Hanna
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropatholgoy, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Wayne State University, Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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Zhao J, Brown K, Liem RKH. Abnormal neurofilament inclusions and segregations in dorsal root ganglia of a Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2E mouse model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180038. [PMID: 28654681 PMCID: PMC5487060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease or hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy is the most prevalent inherited peripheral neuropathy and is associated with over 90 causative genes. Mutations in neurofilament light polypeptide gene, NEFL cause CMT2E, an axonal form of CMT that results in abnormal structures and/or functions of peripheral axons in spinal cord motor neurons and dorsal root ganglion neurons. We have previously generated and characterized a knock-in mouse model of CMT2E with the N98S mutation in Nefl that presented with multiple inclusions in spinal cord neurons. In this report, we conduct immunofluorescence studies of cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from NeflN98S/+ mice, and show that inclusions found in DRG neurites can occur in embryonic stages. Ultrastructural analyses reveal that the inclusions are disordered neurofilaments packed in high density, segregated from other organelles. Immunochemical studies show decreased NFL protein levels in DRG, cerebellum and spinal cord in NeflN98S/+ mice, and total NFL protein pool is shifted toward the triton-insoluble fraction. Our findings reveal the nature of the inclusions in NeflN98S/+ mice, provide useful information to understand mechanisms of CMT2E disease, and identify DRG from NeflN98S/+ mice as a useful cell line model for therapeutic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kristy Brown
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ronald K. H. Liem
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Villalón E, Jones MR, Sibigtroth C, Zino SJ, Dale JM, Landayan DS, Shen H, Cornelison DDW, Garcia ML. Muscle spindle alterations precede onset of sensorimotor deficits in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2E. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 16:260-270. [PMID: 27643807 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy, affecting approximately 2.8 million people. The CMT leads to distal neuropathy that is characterized by reduced motor nerve conduction velocity, ataxia, muscle atrophy and sensory loss. We generated a mouse model of CMT type 2E (CMT2E) expressing human neurofilament light E396K (hNF-LE396K ), which develops decreased motor nerve conduction velocity, ataxia and muscle atrophy by 4 months of age. Symptomatic hNF-LE396K mice developed phenotypes that were consistent with proprioceptive sensory defects as well as reduced sensitivity to mechanical stimulation, while thermal sensitivity and auditory brainstem responses were unaltered. Progression from presymptomatic to symptomatic included a 50% loss of large diameter sensory axons within the fifth lumbar dorsal root of hNF-LE396K mice. Owing to proprioceptive deficits and loss of large diameter sensory axons, we analyzed muscle spindle morphology in presymptomatic and symptomatic hNF-LE396K and hNF-L control mice. Muscle spindle cross-sectional area and volume were reduced in all hNF-LE396K mice analyzed, suggesting that alterations in muscle spindle morphology occurred prior to the onset of typical CMT pathology. These data suggested that CMT2E pathology initiated in the muscle spindles altering the proprioceptive sensory system. Early sensory pathology in CMT2E could provide a unifying hypothesis for the convergence of pathology observed in CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Villalón
- Division of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA.,C. S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - M R Jones
- Division of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA.,C. S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - C Sibigtroth
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - S J Zino
- Division of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA.,C. S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - J M Dale
- Division of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA.,C. S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - D S Landayan
- Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - H Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - D D W Cornelison
- Division of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA.,C. S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - M L Garcia
- Division of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA.,C. S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, USA
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Bais P, Beebe K, Morelli KH, Currie ME, Norberg SN, Evsikov AV, Miers KE, Seburn KL, Guergueltcheva V, Kremensky I, Jordanova A, Bult CJ, Burgess RW. Metabolite profile of a mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2D neuropathy: implications for disease mechanisms and interventions. Biol Open 2016; 5:908-20. [PMID: 27288508 PMCID: PMC4958279 DOI: 10.1242/bio.019273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease encompasses a genetically heterogeneous class of heritable polyneuropathies that result in axonal degeneration in the peripheral nervous system. Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 2D neuropathy (CMT2D) is caused by dominant mutations in glycyl tRNA synthetase (GARS). Mutations in the mouse Gars gene result in a genetically and phenotypically valid animal model of CMT2D. How mutations in GARS lead to peripheral neuropathy remains controversial. To identify putative disease mechanisms, we compared metabolites isolated from the spinal cord of Gars mutant mice and their littermate controls. A profile of altered metabolites that distinguish the affected and unaffected tissue was determined. Ascorbic acid was decreased fourfold in the spinal cord of CMT2D mice, but was not altered in serum. Carnitine and its derivatives were also significantly reduced in spinal cord tissue of mutant mice, whereas glycine was elevated. Dietary supplementation with acetyl-L-carnitine improved gross motor performance of CMT2D mice, but neither acetyl-L-carnitine nor glycine supplementation altered the parameters directly assessing neuropathy. Other metabolite changes suggestive of liver and kidney dysfunction in the CMT2D mice were validated using clinical blood chemistry. These effects were not secondary to the neuromuscular phenotype, as determined by comparison with another, genetically unrelated mouse strain with similar neuromuscular dysfunction. However, these changes do not seem to be causative or consistent metabolites of CMT2D, because they were not observed in a second mouse Gars allele or in serum samples from CMT2D patients. Therefore, the metabolite ‘fingerprint’ we have identified for CMT2D improves our understanding of cellular biochemical changes associated with GARS mutations, but identification of efficacious treatment strategies and elucidation of the disease mechanism will require additional studies. Summary: A metabolomics analysis of a mouse model of Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 2D neuropathy revealed a clear distinction between mutant and control samples, and the therapeutic potential of a subset of these changes was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Bais
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, 04609 ME, USA
| | | | - Kathryn H Morelli
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, 04609 ME, USA Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, 04469 ME, USA
| | | | | | - Alexei V Evsikov
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, 04609 ME, USA Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, 33620 FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ivo Kremensky
- National Genetics Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Jordanova
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Carol J Bult
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, 04609 ME, USA
| | - Robert W Burgess
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, 04609 ME, USA Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, 04469 ME, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the common terminology used to describe the hereditary neuropathies. This update reviews advances in the past year in our understanding of these diseases, including some important earlier references. RECENT FINDINGS In the past year, advances in next-generation sequencing continued to increase the number of genes associated with CMT. The connection between genotype and phenotype has become more complicated. New insights into the pathogenesis of the diseases are reviewed. Treatment and clinical trial updates coming from these new insights, as well as use of high-throughput screening to match potential treatments with targets, are moving the field forward. There is a discussion of potential next steps, including the use of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, to enhance our understanding of individual genotypes and phenotypes. SUMMARY The use of high-throughput screens, and techniques such as RNAi and induced pluripotent stem cell continue to push forward other therapies for specific genetic forms of CMT and are potentially more generalizable to peripheral neuropathies. These developments, along with the development of improved outcome measures and longitudinal natural history data, advance CMT, making the future for finding treatments and/or cures closer than it has ever been.
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Bouhy D, Geuens T, De Winter V, Almeida-Souza L, Katona I, Weis J, Hochepied T, Goossens S, Haigh JJ, Janssens S, Timmerman V. Characterization of New Transgenic Mouse Models for Two Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Causing HspB1 Mutations using the Rosa26 Locus. J Neuromuscul Dis 2016; 3:183-200. [DOI: 10.3233/jnd-150144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Bouhy
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Thomas Geuens
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vicky De Winter
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Almeida-Souza
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Istvan Katona
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tino Hochepied
- Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular and Cellular Oncology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jody J. Haigh
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Janssens
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Centre, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
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N98S mutation in NEFL gene is dominantly inherited with a phenotype of polyneuropathy and cerebellar atrophy. J Neurol Sci 2016; 365:46-7. [PMID: 27206872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Berciano J, Peeters K, García A, López-Alburquerque T, Gallardo E, Hernández-Fabián A, Pelayo-Negro AL, De Vriendt E, Infante J, Jordanova A. NEFL N98S mutation: another cause of dominant intermediate Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease with heterogeneous early-onset phenotype. J Neurol 2015; 263:361-369. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhao J, Liem RKH. α-Internexin and Peripherin: Expression, Assembly, Functions, and Roles in Disease. Methods Enzymol 2015; 568:477-507. [PMID: 26795481 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
α-Internexin and peripherin are neuronal-specific intermediate filament (IF) proteins. α-Internexin is a type IV IF protein like the neurofilament triplet proteins (NFTPs, which include neurofilament light chain, neurofilament medium chain, and neurofilament high chain) that are generally considered to be the primary components of the neuronal IFs. However, α-internexin is often expressed together with the NFTPs and has been proposed as the fourth subunit of the neurofilaments in the central nervous system. α-Internexin is also expressed earlier in the development than the NFTPs and is a maker for neuronal IF inclusion disease. α-Internexin can self-polymerize in vitro and in transfected cells and it is present in the absence of the NFTP in development and in granule cells in the cerebellum. In contrast, peripherin is a type III IF protein. Like α-internexin, peripherin is specific to the nervous system, but it is expressed predominantly in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Peripherin can also self-assemble both in vitro and in transfected cells. It is as abundant as the NFTPs in the sciatic nerve and can be considered a fourth subunit of the neurofilaments in the PNS. Peripherin has multiple isoforms that arise from intron retention, cryptic intron receptor site or alternative translation initiation. The functional significance of these isoforms is not clear. Peripherin is a major component found in inclusions of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and peripherin expression is upregulated in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - Ronald K H Liem
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA.
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Villalón E, Dale JM, Jones M, Shen H, Garcia ML. Exacerbation of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2E neuropathy following traumatic nerve injury. Brain Res 2015; 1627:143-53. [PMID: 26423936 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most commonly inherited peripheral neuropathy. CMT disease signs include distal limb neuropathy, abnormal gait, sensory defects, and deafness. We generated a novel line of CMT2E mice expressing hNF-L(E397K), which displayed muscle atrophy of the lower limbs without denervation, proximal reduction in large caliber axons, and decreased nerve conduction velocity. In this study, we challenged wild type, hNF-L and hNF-L(E397K) mice with crush injury to the sciatic nerve. We analyzed functional recovery by measuring toe spread and analyzed gait using the Catwalk system. hNF-L(E397K) mice demonstrated reduced recovery from nerve injury consistent with increased susceptibility to neuropathy observed in CMT patients. In addition, hNF-L(E397K) developed a permanent reduction in their ability to weight bear, increased mechanical allodynia, and premature gait shift in the injured limb, which led to increasingly disrupted interlimb coordination in hNF-L(E397K). Exacerbation of neuropathy after injury and identification of gait alterations in combination with previously described pathology suggests that hNF-L(E397K) mice recapitulate many of clinical signs associated with CMT2. Therefore, hNF-L(E397K) mice provide a model for determining the efficacy of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Villalón
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Dale
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Maria Jones
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Hailian Shen
- CurRenji-Medx Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Michael L Garcia
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Saporta MA. Cellular reprogramming and inherited peripheral neuropathies: perspectives and challenges. Neural Regen Res 2015. [PMID: 26199602 PMCID: PMC4498347 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.158345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Saporta
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Republica do Peru 362, Apt 602, Rio de Janeiro, 22021-040, Brazil
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40
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NEFL E396K mutation is associated with a novel dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease phenotype. J Neurol 2015; 262:1289-300. [PMID: 25877835 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to describe a pedigree with NEFL E396K mutation associated with a novel dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (DI-CMT) phenotype. The pedigree comprised four patients over two generations, aged between 35 and 59 years, who have been serially evaluated since 1993. Their clinical picture was characterized by pes cavus, sensorimotor neuropathy and spastic gait. Both older patients showed ascending leg weakness to involve pelvic musculature. CMT neuropathy score ranged from 14 to 26 (moderate to severe disease). Electrophysiology showed uniform nerve conduction slowing in the intermediate range, both in distal and proximal nerve segments. Multimodal evoked potential and blink reflex studies revealed abnormalities indicative of central sensorimotor pathway dysfunction. On imaging studies of lower-limb musculature, there was massive atrophy of intrinsic foot muscles and to a lesser degree of calves and thighs predominating in muscles innervated by tibial and sciatic nerves. In both patients exhibiting waddling gait, there was atrophy of pelvic muscles mainly involving gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and piriformis. We conclude that NEFL E396K mutation may manifest with a novel DI-CMT phenotype, characterized by simultaneous involvement of the peripheral and central nervous system.
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