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Dermitzakis I, Theotokis P, Axarloglou E, Delilampou E, Manthou ME, Meditskou S. Effects of hazardous chemicals on secondary sex ratio: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142467. [PMID: 38810798 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The secondary sex ratio (SSR), defined as the ratio of male to female offspring at birth, has garnered significant scientific interest due to its potential impact on population dynamics and evolution. In recent years, there has been a growing concern regarding the potential consequences of environmental chemicals on the SSR, given their widespread exposure and potential enduring ramifications on the reproductive system. While SSR serves as an indicator of health, ongoing research and scientific inquiry are being conducted to explore the potential relationship between chemicals and offspring ratio. Although some studies have suggested a possible correlation, others have yielded inconclusive results, indicating that the topic is intricate and still needs to be elucidated. The precise mechanism by which chemical agents exert their influence on the SSR remains ambiguous, with disruption of the endocrine system being a prominent justification. In light of the complex interplay between chemical exposure and SSR, the present review aims to comprehensively examine and synthesize existing scientific literature to gain a deeper understanding of how specific chemical exposures may impact SSR. Insights into chemical hazards that shift SSR patterns or trends could guide prevention strategies, including legislative bans of certain chemicals, to minimize environmental and public health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasonas Dermitzakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Axarloglou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthymia Delilampou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Banyeh M, Amidu N. The association between the 2D:4D ratio and offspring sex at birth: A cross-sectional study in Ghana. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23744. [PMID: 35266228 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 2D:4D ratio is the putative marker of prenatal androgen exposure. Low maternal 2D:4D ratio has been associated with high or male-biased secondary sex ratio. Hitherto, there has not been any study in Ghana regarding the maternal 2D:4D ratio and sex ratio at birth. This study sought to investigate this observation in a Ghanaian population. METHOD The study was cross-sectional from December 2020 to April 2021 involving 272 first-time mothers. The mean ± SD age of the mothers was 23.9 ± 3.67 years. The right (2D:4DR), the left (2D:4DL), the mean (M2D:4D) digit ratios and the right-left difference (Dr-l) of the mothers were measured using computer-assisted analysis. The mothers were stratified by their digit ratios, and the cohort sex ratio (CSR) for each stratum was then calculated as the proportion of sons. RESULTS The mean ± SD of the 2D:4DR of mothers-with-daughters and mothers-with-sons were 0.941 ± 0.032 and 0.933 ± 0.037, respectively. The mean ± SD of the 2D:4DL of mothers-with-daughters was 0.934 ± 0.034, while that of mothers-with-sons was 0.931 ± 0.039. The offspring sex at birth and the CSR was not associated with either the mother's right, left, mean 2D:4D ratio or their difference (Dr-l). However, mothers-with-daughters showed rightward asymmetry in their 2D:4D ratios as the Dr-l significantly and positively deviated from zero (p < .010). CONCLUSION The maternal 2D:4D ratio may not be associated with their offspring sex at birth among first-time mothers. This study adds to the limited data on studies regarding offspring sex at birth and the 2D:4D ratio in Ghana and Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Banyeh
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Nafiu Amidu
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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Hu C, Shi J, Chi Y, Yang J, Cui Q. Y/X-Chromosome-Bearing Sperm Shows Elevated Ratio in the Left but Not the Right Testes in Healthy Mice. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111219. [PMID: 34833095 PMCID: PMC8621333 DOI: 10.3390/life11111219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sex chromosomes play central roles in determining the sex of almost all of the multicellular organisms. It is well known that meiosis in mammalian spermatogenesis produces ~50% Y- and ~50% X-chromosome-bearing sperm, a 1:1 ratio. Here we first reveal that the X-chromosome-encoded miRNAs show lower expression levels in the left testis than in the right testis in healthy mice using bioinformatics modeling of miRNA-sequencing data, suggesting that the Y:X ratio could be unbalanced between the left testis and the right testis. We further reveal that the Y:X ratio is significantly elevated in the left testis but balanced in the right testis using flow cytometry. This study represents the first time the biased Y:X ratio in the left testis but not in the right testis is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqing Hu
- Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, MOE Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China; (C.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiangcheng Shi
- Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, MOE Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China; (C.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Yujing Chi
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China;
| | - Jichun Yang
- Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, MOE Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China; (C.H.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (Q.C.); Tel.: +86-010-82801403 (J.Y.); +86-010-82801001 (Q.C.)
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, MOE Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China; (C.H.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (Q.C.); Tel.: +86-010-82801403 (J.Y.); +86-010-82801001 (Q.C.)
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4
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The global male-bias in sex ratio at birth is sustained by the sex ratio genotypes of replacement offspring. Genetica 2019; 147:249-258. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-019-00074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Pegoraro CN, Wannaz ED. Occurrence of persistent organic pollutants in air at different sites in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18379-18391. [PMID: 31044375 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere of six sites with different emission sources in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, was analyzed. The sites included urban, industrial, agricultural, and mountain areas. Samples were collected using passive air samplers (PAS) consisting of polyurethane foam disks (PUF). Samples were analyzed for 12 PAHs, 31 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 12 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and 11 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The concentrations of PAHs in the atmosphere were elevated at urban sites and were even higher at the industrial site. With respect to OCPs, it was observed that the concentrations of endosulfan were greater at the agricultural site (AGR) (416 ± 4 pg m-3). For hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), only the alpha isomer was detected and there were minimal differences between the different sampling sites (5.9-13.3 pg m-3). In the case of dieldrin, the highest concentrations (33.6 pg m-3) were found at the mountain site, which may have been due to its use for insect control. Although heptachlor epoxide was not detected, the concentration of heptachlor was significantly higher at the agricultural and downtown sites (∼ 3.6 pg m-3). Regarding DDTs, the isomers p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE showed the highest concentrations at the mountain site (ΣDDT 120 ± 12 pg m-3) and downtown site (ΣDDT 157 ± 62 pg m-3). The relationship between the isomers suggested that at the downtown site, the contribution of this pesticide to the environment was recent, probably for the control of diseases vectors. The congener pattern of PBDEs was dominated by BDE-47, and BDE-99 at all sites, with the downtown site having the highest concentrations of compound esters (ΣPBDEs 118 ± 38 pg m-3). Finally, high concentrations of PCBs were found at the industrial site (ΣPCBs 1677 ± 134 pg m-3), and the predominating homologs were 5-Cl and 6-Cl, in contrast to the other sites where PCBs were dominated by 3-Cl and 4-Cl. This is the first study of POPs carried out in the province of Córdoba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar N Pegoraro
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo D Wannaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Edwards AM, Cameron EZ, Deakin JE, Ezaz T, Pereira JC, Ferguson‐Smith MA, Robert KA. Sexual conflict in action: An antagonistic relationship between maternal and paternal sex allocation in the tammar wallaby, Notamacropus eugenii. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:4340-4348. [PMID: 31031909 PMCID: PMC6476839 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex ratio biases are often inconsistent, both among and within species and populations. While some of these inconsistencies may be due to experimental design, much of the variation remains inexplicable. Recent research suggests that an exclusive focus on mothers may account for some of the inconsistency, with an increasing number of studies showing variation in sperm sex ratios and seminal fluids. Using fluorescent in-situ hybridization, we show a significant population-level Y-chromosome bias in the spermatozoa of wild tammar wallabies, but with significant intraindividual variation between males. We also show a population-level birth sex ratio trend in the same direction toward male offspring, but a weaning sex ratio that is significantly female-biased, indicating that males are disproportionately lost during lactation. We hypothesize that sexual conflict between parents may cause mothers to adjust offspring sex ratios after birth, through abandonment of male pouch young and reactivation of diapaused embryos. Further research is required in a captive, controlled setting to understand what is driving and mechanistically controlling sperm sex ratio and offspring sex ratio biases and to understand the sexually antagonistic relationship between mothers and fathers over offspring sex. These results extend beyond sex allocation, as they question studies of population processes that assume equal input of sex chromosomes from fathers, and will also assist with future reproduction studies for management and conservation of marsupials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Edwards
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, School of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elissa Z. Cameron
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Janine E. Deakin
- Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Tariq Ezaz
- Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Jorge C. Pereira
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cytocell Ltd.CambridgeUK
| | | | - Kylie A. Robert
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, School of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Boron-exposed male workers in Turkey: no change in sperm Y:X chromosome ratio and in offspring’s sex ratio. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:743-751. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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You YA, Mohamed EA, Rahman MS, Kwon WS, Song WH, Ryu BY, Pang MG. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin can alter the sex ratio of embryos with decreased viability of Y spermatozoa in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 77:130-136. [PMID: 29505796 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a reproductive and developmental toxicant that can alter the sex ratio of offspring (proportion of male offspring). We hypothesized that the alteration of sex ratio is associated with sex chromosome ratio of live spermatozoa affected by exposure to TCDD. After exposure to TCDD we analyzed simultaneously sperm sex chromosome constitution and viability, and evaluated sperm sex chromosome ratio association with embryo sex ratio in mice. Short-term exposure to TCDD affects the decreased sperm motility and viability, and the increased acrosome reaction. Interestingly, Y spermatozoa survived shorter than X spermatozoa at high concentrations of TCDD. Moreover, the decreased sex ratio of embryos was associated with the short lifespan of Y spermatozoa. Our results suggest that TCDD may affect the fertility of Y spermatozoa more than X spermatozoa. Further studies are needed to compare the difference of fertilizing capability between X and Y spermatozoa by the effect of TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ah You
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Elsayed A Mohamed
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Sung Kwon
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Hee Song
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
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Bae J, Kim S, Barr DB, Buck Louis GM. Maternal and paternal serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and the secondary sex ratio: A population-based preconception cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:9-16. [PMID: 29096317 PMCID: PMC5747985 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent declines in the secondary sex ratio (SSR), defined as the ratio of males to females at birth, in some industrialized countries may be attributed to exposure to environmental toxicants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This study aimed to evaluate the association of couples' preconception exposure to POPs with the SSR. The study cohort comprised 235 couples who were enrolled in the Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment (LIFE) Study between 2005 and 2009 prior to conception and prospectively followed through delivery of a singleton birth. Upon enrollment, couples' serum concentrations (ng/g) were measured for 9 organochlorine pesticides, 1 polybrominated biphenyl, 10 polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and 36 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Birth outcome data including infant sex were collected upon delivery. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of a male birth for each chemical. Of the 56 POPs examined, maternal PCB 128 and paternal hexachlorobenzene were significantly associated with a female excess (RRs, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.60-0.94] and 0.81 [95% CI, 0.68-0.97] per 1SD increase in log-transformed serum chemical concentrations, respectively), whereas maternal mirex and paternal PCB 128 and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene were significantly associated with a male excess (RR range, 1.10-1.22 per 1SD increase in log-transformed serum chemical concentrations). After adjusting for multiple comparisons, only maternal mirex remained significantly associated with the SSR. This exploratory study on multiple classes of POPs demonstrated no conclusive evidence on the association between parental preconception exposure to POPs and the SSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 33 Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungduk Kim
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Germaine M Buck Louis
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
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Arab A, Rafie N, Mansourian M, Miraghajani M, Hajianfar H. Dietary patterns and semen quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Andrology 2017; 6:20-28. [PMID: 29024507 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have examined the association between dietary patterns and semen quality, but the findings have been inconclusive. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to assess the association between dietary patterns and semen quality. PubMed, Cochrane library, Science direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ISI web of science databases were searched up to August 2016 for observational studies assessing the association between common dietary patterns and sperm quality markers. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method with random effects and expressed as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochrane Q-statistic) and quantified (I2 -statistic). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessed study quality. Six eligible studies, involving 8207 participants, were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled mean difference of sperm concentration for the healthy dietary pattern versus unhealthy dietary pattern intake was mean difference: 0.66; 95% CI, 0.305-1.016; p < 0.001. In comparison with those who had the highest adherence to healthy dietary pattern, individuals in the lowest adherence had significantly lower level of sperm concentration. However, no significant association was seen between eating patterns and other semen quality. Healthy dietary pattern seems to be associated with elevated sperm concentration level. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arab
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - N Rafie
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Mansourian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Miraghajani
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Hajianfar
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Hsu PC, Li MC, Lee YC, Kuo PL, Guo YL. Polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans increased abnormal sperm morphology without alterations in aneuploidy: The Yucheng study. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:294-297. [PMID: 27662390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In 1979, more than 2000 persons ingested rice oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans; this event was called the "Yucheng accident." An increased percentage of oligospermia, reduced ability of sperm to penetrate oocytes, and reduced percentage of male offspring were reported in Yucheng men. This study examined whether the sperm sex ratio and chromosome aneuploidy are responsible for our observed findings in Yucheng men. In 1999-2000, Yucheng men and their neighborhood referents aged 37-50 years were recruited for physical examination, followed by semen analysis. The semen samples were analyzed for chromosomal aneuploidy through fluorescent in situ hybridization according to an established procedure in our laboratory. A total of 50 Yucheng men and 34 neighborhood referents volunteered to participate in the study. Although abnormal morphology was mildly increased, no differences were observed in sperm percentages, with normal numbers of chromosomes X, Y, and 8 in the two groups. The percentage of sperm with aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes or chromosome 8 and of that with diploidy did not vary between both groups. The normal X/Y sperm ratio was not different between the groups. However, among Yucheng men, 8% had a normal X/Y sperm ratio of >1.4, and no neighborhood referent showed such an elevated X/Y ratio. Chromosomal aneuploidy was not elevated in Yucheng men. The mechanisms underlying the reduced sperm capability of oocyte penetration and changed offspring sex ratio in Yucheng men remain undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chieh Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Chin Lee
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Center, An-An Women and Children Clinic, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yueliang Leon Guo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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12
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Pesticides: an update of human exposure and toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:549-599. [PMID: 27722929 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are a family of compounds which have brought many benefits to mankind in the agricultural, industrial, and health areas, but their toxicities in both humans and animals have always been a concern. Regardless of acute poisonings which are common for some classes of pesticides like organophosphoruses, the association of chronic and sub-lethal exposure to pesticides with a prevalence of some persistent diseases is going to be a phenomenon to which global attention has been attracted. In this review, incidence of various malignant, neurodegenerative, respiratory, reproductive, developmental, and metabolic diseases in relation to different routes of human exposure to pesticides such as occupational, environmental, residential, parental, maternal, and paternal has been systematically criticized in different categories of pesticide toxicities like carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, pulmonotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity, and metabolic toxicity. A huge body of evidence exists on the possible role of pesticide exposures in the elevated incidence of human diseases such as cancers, Alzheimer, Parkinson, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, asthma, bronchitis, infertility, birth defects, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, diabetes, and obesity. Most of the disorders are induced by insecticides and herbicides most notably organophosphorus, organochlorines, phenoxyacetic acids, and triazine compounds.
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13
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Dietary Patterns and the Frequency of Disomy in Human Sperm. Urology 2016; 93:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Jurewicz J, Radwan M, Sobala W, Radwan P, Jakubowski L, Wielgomas B, Ligocka D, Brzeźnicki S, Hanke W. Exposure to widespread environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals and human sperm sex ratio. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:732-740. [PMID: 27031570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a trend toward a declining proportion of male births has been noted in several, but not all, industrialized countries. The underlying reason for the drop in the sex ratio is unclear, but one theory states that widespread environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals affecting the male reproductive system in a negative manner could be part of the explanation. The present study was designed to investigate whether the urinary phthalate, pyrethroids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons metabolites concentrations were associated with sperm Y:X ratio. The study population consisted of 194 men aged under 45 years of age who attended infertility clinic in Lodz, Poland for diagnostic purposes with normal semen concentration of 20-300 mln/ml or with slight oligozoospermia (semen concentration of 15-20 mln/ml) (WHO, 1999). The Y:X ratio was assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Urinary concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, phthalate metabolites were analyzed using a procedure based on the LC-MS/MS methods and metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids were assessed by gas chromatography ion-tap mass spectrometry method. After adjustment for potential confounders (past diseases, age, abstinence, smoking, alcohol consumption, sperm concentration, motility, morphology) 5OH MEHP, CDCCA to TDCCA and 1-OHP was negatively related to Y:X sperm chromosome ratio (p = 0.033, p < 0.001, p = 0.047 respectively). As this is the first study to elucidate the association between the level of metabolites of widespread environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (phthalates, synthetic pyrethroids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) on sex chromosome ratio in sperm therefore, these findings require further replication in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jurewicz
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Michał Radwan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproduction, "Gameta" Hospital, 34/36 Rudzka St, 95-030, Rzgów, Poland
| | - Wojciech Sobala
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Radwan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproduction, "Gameta" Hospital, 34/36 Rudzka St, 95-030, Rzgów, Poland
| | - Lucjusz Jakubowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera St, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Danuta Ligocka
- Bureau of Quality Assurance, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Brzeźnicki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362, Lodz, Poland
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Saito S, Lin YC, Murayama Y, Nakamura Y, Eckner R, Niemann H, Yokoyama KK. Retracted article: In vitro derivation of mammalian germ cells from stem cells and their potential therapeutic application. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4545-60. [PMID: 26439925 PMCID: PMC4628088 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a unique type of cells because they
exhibit the characteristics of self-renewal and pluripotency. PSCs may be induced to
differentiate into any cell type, even male and female germ cells, suggesting their
potential as novel cell-based therapeutic treatment for infertility problems.
Spermatogenesis is an intricate biological process that starts from self-renewal of
spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and leads to differentiated haploid spermatozoa.
Errors at any stage in spermatogenesis may result in male infertility. During the
past decade, much progress has been made in the derivation of male germ cells from
various types of progenitor stem cells. Currently, there are two main approaches for
the derivation of functional germ cells from PSCs, either the induction of in vitro
differentiation to produce haploid cell products, or combination of in vitro
differentiation and in vivo transplantation. The production of mature and fertile
spermatozoa from stem cells might provide an unlimited source of autologous gametes
for treatment of male infertility. Here, we discuss the current state of the art
regarding the differentiation potential of SSCs, embryonic stem cells, and induced
pluripotent stem cells to produce functional male germ cells. We also discuss the
possible use of livestock-derived PSCs as a novel option for animal reproduction and
infertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Saito
- Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology, Yaita, Tochigi, 329-1571, Japan. .,SPK Co., Ltd., Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, 965-0025, Japan. .,College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8642, Japan.
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaoshiung Medical University, 100 Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yoshinobu Murayama
- College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8642, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, 3050074, Japan
| | - Richard Eckner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Heiner Niemann
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Löffler-Institut, Mariensee, 31535, Neustadt, Germany.
| | - Kazunari K Yokoyama
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Center of Stem Cell Research, Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, San Ming District, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, 763-2193, Japan. .,Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Radwan M, Jurewicz J, Wielgomas B, Piskunowicz M, Sobala W, Radwan P, Jakubowski L, Hawuła W, Hanke W. The association between environmental exposure to pyrethroids and sperm aneuploidy. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 128:42-8. [PMID: 25655817 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to determine whether the environmental exposure to pyrethroids was associated with males sperm chromosome disomy. The study population consisted of 195 men who attended the infertility clinic for diagnostic purposes and who had normal semen concentration of 20-300×10(6) mL(-1) or slight oligozoospermia (semen concentration of 15-20×10(6) mL(-1)) (WHO, 1999). Participants were interviewed and provided a semen sample. The pyrethroids metabolites: 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA), cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (CDCCA), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (TDCCA) and cis-2,2-dibromovinyl-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (DBCA) were analysed in the urine using a validated gas chromatography ion-tap mass spectrometry method. Sperm aneuploidy was assessed using multicolor FISH (DNA probes specific for chromosomes X, Y, 18, 13, 21). Our results showed that CDCCA >50th percentile was associated with disomy of chromosome 18 (p=0.05) whereas the level of TDCCA in urine >50th percentile was related to XY disomy (p=0.04) and disomy of chromosome 21 (p=0.05). Urinary 3PBA level ⩽50 and >50 percentile was related to disomy of sex chromosomes: XY disomy (p=0.05 and p=0.02 respectively), Y disomy (p=0.04 and 0.02 respectively), disomy of chromosome 21 (p=0.04 and p=0.04 respectively) and total disomy (p=0.03 and p=0.04 respectively). Additionally disomy of chromosome 18 was positively associated with urinary level of 3PBA >50 percentile (p=0.03). The results reported here are found that pyrethroids may be a sperm aneugens. These findings may be of concern due to increased pyrethroid use and prevalent human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Radwan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproduction, "Gameta" Hospital, 34/36 Rudzka St, 95-030 Rzgów, Poland.
| | - Joanna Jurewicz
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera St, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Piskunowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera St, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Sobala
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Radwan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproduction, "Gameta" Hospital, 34/36 Rudzka St, 95-030 Rzgów, Poland
| | - Lucjusz Jakubowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital, Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wanda Hawuła
- Department of Medical Genetics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital, Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362 Lodz, Poland
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Radwan M, Jurewicz J, Sobala W, Brze Nicki S, Radwan P, Jakubowski L, Hawuła W, Ulańska A, Hanke W. Human sperm aneuploidy after exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD14063. [PMID: 25751082 DOI: 10.1071/rd14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was associated with sperm aneuploidy. A sample of 181 men who attended an infertility clinic for diagnostic purposes and who had a normal semen concentration of 20-300×106 spermatozoa mL-1 or slight oligozoospermia (semen concentration of 15-20×106 spermatozoa mL-1;
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18
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Radwan M, Jurewicz J, Radwan P, Ulańska A, Jakubowski L, Hanke W. Occupational risk factors and frequency of sex chromosome disomy. HUM FERTIL 2015; 18:200-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14647273.2015.1006693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Jurewicz J, Radwan M, Sobala W, Polańska K, Radwan P, Jakubowski L, Ulańska A, Hanke W. The relationship between exposure to air pollution and sperm disomy. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:50-59. [PMID: 24989325 DOI: 10.1002/em.21883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The causes of the chromosome abnormalities have been studied for decades. It has been suggested that exposure to various environmental agents can induce chromosomal abnormalities in germ cells. This study was designed to address the hypothesis that exposure to specific air pollutants increases sperm disomy. The study population consisted of 212 men who were attending an infertility clinic for diagnostic purposes. They represented a subset of men in a multicenter parent study conducted in Poland to evaluate environmental factors and male fertility. Sperm aneuploidy for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y was assessed using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization. Air quality data were obtained from the AirBase database. After adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, temperature (90 days), season, past diseases, abstinence interval, distance from the monitoring station, concentration, motility and morphology, positive associations were observed between exposure to PM2.5 and disomy Y (P = 0.001), sex chromosome disomy (P = 0.05) and disomy 21 (P = 0.03). Exposure to PM10 was associated with disomy 21 (P = 0.02). Conversely, exposure to ozone, CO, SO2, and NOx did not affect sperm aneuploidy. A separate analysis conducted among men who were nonsmokers (n = 117) showed that the relationship between PM2.5 and disomy Y and disomy 21 remained significant (P = 0.01, P = 0.05, respectively). The present findings indicate that exposure to air pollution induces sperm aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jurewicz
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
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20
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Kvist L, Giwercman A, Weihe P, Kold Jensen T, Grandjean P, Halling J, Skaalum Petersen M, Lundberg Giwercman Y. Exposure to persistent organic pollutants and sperm sex chromosome ratio in men from the Faroe Islands. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 73:359-364. [PMID: 25222300 PMCID: PMC4413009 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
People in the Arctic as well as fishermen on the polluted Swedish east coast are highly exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These compounds have been shown to affect the sperm Y:X chromosome ratio. In present study, the aim was to investigate whether polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 1,1,-dichloro-2,2,-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDE) influence sperm sex chromosome ratio in Faroese men, and whether these men differ regarding Y:X ratio compared to Greenland Inuit and Swedish fishermen. The study population (n=449) consisted of young men from the general population (n=276) as well as proven fertile men (n=173). The Y:X ratio was assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Serum concentrations of POPs were measured using gas chromatography. Associations between POP concentrations and Y:X ratio were calculated using linear and non-linear regression models as well as trend analysis and pairwise comparison of exposure data categorized into quartiles. The selected POPs were associated with Y:X ratio in fertile Faroese men, but not in the total population; p,p'-DDE (95% CI for B=-0.005 to -0.001, p=0.005) and ΣPCB (95% CI for B=-0.005 to -0.001, p=0.012). Since p,p'-DDE and ΣPCB correlated significantly (r=0.927, p<0.001), the results involving the exposure variables can be regarded as a single finding. The Y:X ratio for the total Faroese population was 0.500±0.018, which was statistically significantly lower than in both Inuit and Swedish fishermen (0.512 for both). In conclusion, Faroese men presented with lower Y:X ratio than Greenland Inuit and Swedish fishermen. Although no direct health effects are expected due to the lower Faroese Y:X ratio, it could be indicative of adverse effects on the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden.
| | - A Giwercman
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö 20502, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Molecular Reproductive Research, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - P Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn FO-110, Faroe Islands
| | - T Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5000, Denmark; Department of Growth and Reproduction, National Hospital, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - P Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5000, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - J Halling
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5000, Denmark
| | - M Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn FO-110, Faroe Islands
| | - Y Lundberg Giwercman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
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Pant N, Shukla M, Upadhyay AD, Chaturvedi PK, Saxena DK, Gupta YK. Association between environmental exposure to p, p'-DDE and lindane and semen quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:11009-11016. [PMID: 24793071 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Scientific concern exists about the toxic effect of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p, p'-DDE) and lindane on male infertility, and the mechanism underlying male reproductive toxicity of this pesticide remains unanswered. We investigated not only the possible association between the chlorinated pesticide levels and semen quality in nonoccupationally exposed men, but also the probable mode of action using mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). A study in 278 men (21-40 years old) who visited Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, KGMU, Lucknow, for semen analysis was conducted. We performed semen analysis according to the WHO guidelines, while p, p'-DDE and lindane analysis was done by the GLC and LPO by the spectrophotometer, and the sperm mitochondrial status, ROS, and SCSA with the flow cytometer. The questionnaire data showed no significant difference in the demographic characteristics between the two groups, i.e., trying to conceive >1 year and proven fertility. However, a significant difference in the concentration of p, p'-DDE and lindane was observed between the groups. When the subjects were divided among four categories by quartile of exposure, the subjects in the highest quartile showed low sperm motility as compared to the subjects in the lowest quartile. Pearson's correlation showed a significant negative correlation between semen p, p'-DDE, lindane level, and sperm quality and positive association with the number of cells with depolarized mitochondria, elevation in ROS production and LPO, and DNA fragmentation index (DFI). The findings are suggestive that these toxicants might cause a decline in semen quality, and these effects might be ROS, LPO, and mitochondrial dysfunction mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Pant
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India,
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McAuliffe ME, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Dadd R, Marchetti F, Martenies SE, Perry MJ. Human sperm sex chromosome disomy and sperm DNA damage assessed by the neutral comet assay. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2148-55. [PMID: 25069502 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between human sperm sex chromosome disomy and sperm DNA damage? SUMMARY ANSWER An increase in human sperm XY disomy was associated with higher comet extent; however, there was no other consistent association of sex chromosome disomies with DNA damage. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is limited published research on the association between sex chromosome disomy and sperm DNA damage and the findings are not consistent across studies. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, AND DURATION We conducted a cross-sectional study of 190 men (25% ever smoker, 75% never smoker) from subfertile couples presenting at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Clinic from January 2000 to May 2003. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosomes X, Y and 18 was used to determine XX, YY, XY and total sex chromosome disomy in sperm nuclei using an automated scoring method. The neutral comet assay was used to measure sperm DNA damage, as reflected by comet extent, percentage DNA in the comet tail, and tail distributed moment. Univariate and multiple linear regression models were constructed with sex chromosome disomy (separate models for each of the four disomic conditions) as the independent variable, and DNA damage parameters (separate models for each measure of DNA damage) as the dependent variable. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Men with current or past smoking history had significantly greater comet extent (µm: regression coefficients with 95% CI) [XX18: 15.17 (1.98, 28.36); YY18: 14.68 (1.50, 27.86); XY18: 15.41 (2.37, 28.45); Total Sex Chromosome Disomy: 15.23 (2.09, 28.38)], and tail distributed moment [XX18: 3.01 (0.30, 5.72); YY18: 2.95 (0.24, 5.67); XY18: 3.04 (0.36, 5.72); Total Sex Chromosome Disomy: 3.10 (0.31, 5.71)] than men who had never smoked. In regression models adjusted for age and smoking, there was a positive association between XY disomy and comet extent. For an increase in XY disomy from 0.56 to 1.47% (representing the 25th to 75th percentile), there was a mean increase of 5.08 µm in comet extent. No other statistically significant findings were observed. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A potential limitation of this study is that it is cross-sectional. Cross-sectional analyses by nature do not lend themselves to inference about directionality for any observed associations; therefore we cannot determine which variable is the cause and which one is the effect. A small sample size may be a further limitation. Comparison of these findings to other studies is limited due to methodological differences. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Although consistent associations across sex chromosome disomies or DNA damage measures were not observed, this study highlights the need to explore etiologies of sperm DNA damage and sex chromosome disomy to better understand the potential mechanistic overlaps between the two. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by NIOSH Grant T42 OH008416, and NIH/NIEHS Grants ES 009718, ES 000002, and R01 ES017457. During the study M.E.M. was affiliated with the Department of Environmental Health at the Harvard School of Public Health. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E McAuliffe
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S A Korrick
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R Dadd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - F Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - S E Martenies
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - M J Perry
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Enangue Njembele AN, Bailey JL, Tremblay JJ. In vitro exposure of Leydig cells to an environmentally relevant mixture of organochlorines represses early steps of steroidogenesis. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:118. [PMID: 24740604 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.116368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Leydig cell steroidogenesis is mainly regulated by LH via increased cAMP production leading to STAR protein activation. STAR is essential for cholesterol shuttling inside mitochondria where steroidogenesis is initiated. Accumulating evidence suggest that persistent organochlorine compounds disrupt testicular function, but the mechanism of action remains poorly characterized. Here we report that in vitro exposure of MA-10 and MLTC-1 Leydig cells to an environmentally relevant mixture of 15 organochlorines impairs steroidogenesis. While having no effect on cell viability and basal steroid production, the organochlorine mixture caused a 50% decrease in cAMP-induced progesterone production. The mixture also reduced cAMP-induced 30 kDa STAR protein by 50% while having no effect on basal STAR protein. Basal or cAMP-induced Star mRNA levels and promoter activity were unaffected by the mixture, indicating that the organochlorine mixture acted at the translational/posttranslational level. Further supporting this is the fact that in COS-7 cells overexpressing STAR, the organochlorine mixture caused a decrease in the 30 kDa form of STAR and an accumulation of the 37 kDa forms. In addition to STAR, we found that the organochlorine mixture also decreases the levels of CYP11A1 and ADXR, two proteins essential for the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone. In conclusion, our data show that organochlorine exposure disrupts Leydig cell function by targeting different components of the steroidogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janice L Bailey
- Centre for Research in Biology of Reproduction, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques J Tremblay
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada Centre for Research in Biology of Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Forgotten fathers: paternal influences on mammalian sex allocation. Trends Ecol Evol 2014; 29:158-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yoon K, Kwack SJ, Kim HS, Lee BM. Estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals: molecular mechanisms of actions on putative human diseases. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:127-74. [PMID: 24749480 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2014.882194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), including phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), phytoestrogens such as genistein and daidzein, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), are associated with a variety of adverse health effects in organisms or progeny by altering the endocrine system. Environmental estrogens, including BPA, phthalates, and phytoestrogens, are the most extensively studied and are considered to mimic the actions of endogenous estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2). Diverse modes of action of estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) have been described, but the mode of action of estrogenic EDC is postulated to be more complex and needs to be more clearly elucidated. This review examines the adverse effects of estrogenic EDC on male or female reproductive systems and molecular mechanisms underlying EDC effects that modulate ER-mediated signaling. Mechanisms of action for estrogenic EDC may involve both ER-dependent and ER-independent pathways. Recent findings from systems toxicology of examining estrogenic EDC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsil Yoon
- a Lung Cancer Branch , Research Institute, National Cancer Center , Goyang , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
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Khairy MA, Lohmann R. Feasibility of using low density polyethylene sheets to detect atmospheric organochlorine pesticides in Alexandria, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 181:151-158. [PMID: 23867695 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Egypt is a major agricultural country in Africa with a known past of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) application, yet data on atmospheric levels of OCPs in Egypt is sparse. Low density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers were therefore deployed for 3 weeks each at 11 locations in July, 2010 and January, 2011 in Alexandria to screen for gas-phase OCPs. Performance reference compounds were used to investigate the uptake kinetics. Field-derived sampler-air partitioning coefficients (KPE-As) for OCPs were significantly correlated against the compounds' subcooled liquid vapor pressure (log PL): [log KPE-A = -0.77 ± 0.07 log PL + 6.35 ± 0.13 (R(2) = 0.90; n = 17; SE = 0.19; p < 0.001)]. Estimated and measured OCP concentrations in Alexandria agreed well (factor difference ≤ 2) indicating the feasibility of monitoring OCPs using LDPEs. OCP concentrations ranged from <LOD to 168 pg/m(3). Calculated isomeric ratios indicated recent usage of chlordanes and endosulfans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Khairy
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States.
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Abstract
The ability to adjust sex ratios at the individual level exists among all vertebrate groups studied to date. In many cases, there is evidence for facultative adjustment of sex ratios in response to environmental and/or social cues. Because environmental and social information must be first transduced into a physiological signal to influence sex ratios, hormones likely play a role in the adjustment of sex ratio in vertebrates, because the endocrine system acts as a prime communicator that directs physiological activities in response to changing external conditions. This symposium was developed to bring together investigators whose work on adjustment of sex ratio represents a variety of vertebrate groups in an effort to draw comparisons between species in which the sex-determination process is well-established and those in which more work is needed to understand how adjustments in sex ratio are occurring. This review summarizes potential hormone targets that may underlie the mechanisms of adjustment of sex ratio in humans, non-human mammals, birds, reptiles, and fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Navara
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Nieminen P, Lehtiniemi H, Huusko A, Vähäkangas K, Rautio A. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in relation to secondary sex ratio--a systematic review of published studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:131-138. [PMID: 23260246 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There is reasonably strong evidence linking reduced secondary sex ratio (proportion of males) and environmental exposures. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent contaminants of the environment and several studies have reported an association of PCBs with birth outcomes. A decrease in the male/female sex ratio at birth has been reported in some, but not all studies. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize and pool the research findings about the influence of PCBs on sex ratio. Several article databases and reference lists of identified articles were searched. Studies reporting the proportion of boys and girls born to individuals who were exposed to high PCB concentrations were included. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of males in groups exposed to high or low levels of PCBs. Studies with both direct and indirect surrogate PCB measurements were included. The search and selection resulted in 15 eligible studies on the association between the sex ratio and parental PCB exposures. Analyses of the high exposure groups showed that the sex ratio was not significantly altered from the historical reference range in 13 of the 15 articles. The majority of the exposure studies reported also internal comparisons between high and low PCB exposure levels. The pooled 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference in high and low maternal exposure with direct PCB measure was - 0.048 with 95% CI of (-0.121, 0.026). There was no strong or moderate indication that parental exposure to PCBs alters the sex ratio of the children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pentti Nieminen
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Research Group, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.
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Mostafalou S, Abdollahi M. Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 268:157-77. [PMID: 23402800 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Along with the wide use of pesticides in the world, the concerns over their health impacts are rapidly growing. There is a huge body of evidence on the relation between exposure to pesticides and elevated rate of chronic diseases such as different types of cancers, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson, Alzheimer, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), birth defects, and reproductive disorders. There is also circumstantial evidence on the association of exposure to pesticides with some other chronic diseases like respiratory problems, particularly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, chronic nephropathies, autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematous and rheumatoid arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and aging. The common feature of chronic disorders is a disturbance in cellular homeostasis, which can be induced via pesticides' primary action like perturbation of ion channels, enzymes, receptors, etc., or can as well be mediated via pathways other than the main mechanism. In this review, we present the highlighted evidence on the association of pesticide's exposure with the incidence of chronic diseases and introduce genetic damages, epigenetic modifications, endocrine disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR), impairment of ubiquitin proteasome system, and defective autophagy as the effective mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mostafalou
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kvist L, Giwercman YL, Jönsson BAG, Lindh CH, Bonde JP, Toft G, Strucinski P, Pedersen HS, Zvyezday V, Giwercman A. Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds and sperm Y:X chromosome ratio in two European populations and in Inuit from Greenland. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:644-50. [PMID: 23044208 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), which exhibit reproductive toxicity in experimental animals, affect sperm sex chromosome ratio. The Y:X ratio was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Serum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were measured in 607 men from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Data was analyzed by linear and nonlinear regression. We observed no associations between PFOA and Y:X ratio (p=0.845 in a linear model, p=0.296 in a nonlinear model). A positive nonlinear association between PFOS and Y:X ratio was observed (p=0.016), with no association in a linear model (p=0.118). Analyzing the populations separately, a negative trend between categorized PFOS exposure and Y:X ratio was observed for the Inuit (B=-0.002, p=0.044). In conclusion, there was a negative trend between Y:X ratio and PFOS in the Inuit, while there was no association between PFOA and the Y:X ratio in adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Kvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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McAuliffe M, Williams P, Korrick S, Dadd R, Perry M. The association between sperm sex chromosome disomy and semen concentration, motility and morphology. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:2918-26. [PMID: 22892419 PMCID: PMC3442635 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between sex chromosome disomy and semen concentration, motility and morphology? SUMMARY ANSWER Higher rates of XY disomy were associated with a significant increase in abnormal semen parameters, particularly low semen concentration. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although some prior studies have shown associations between sperm chromosomal abnormalities and reduced semen quality, results of others are inconsistent. Definitive findings have been limited by small sample sizes and lack of adjustment for potential confounders. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION Cross-sectional study of men from subfertile couples presenting at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Clinic from January 2000 to May 2003. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS With a sample of 192 men, multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosomes X, Y and 18 was used to determine XX, YY, XY and total sex chromosome disomy in sperm nuclei. Sperm concentration and motility were measured using computer-assisted sperm analysis; morphology was scored using strict criteria. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the odds of abnormal semen parameters [as defined by World Health Organization (WHO)] as a function of sperm sex chromosome disomy. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The median percentage disomy was 0.3 for XX and YY, 0.9 for XY and 1.6 for total sex chromosome disomy. Men who had abnormalities in all three semen parameters had significantly higher median rates of XX, XY and total sex chromosome disomy than controls with normal semen parameters (0.43 versus 0.25%, 1.36 versus 0.87% and 2.37 versus 1.52%, respectively, all P< 0.05). In logistic regression models, each 0.1% increase in XY disomy was associated with a 7% increase (odds ratio: 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.13) in the odds of having below normal semen concentration (<20 million/ml) after adjustment for age, smoking status and abstinence time. Increases in XX, YY and total sex chromosome disomy were not associated with an increase in the odds of a man having abnormal semen parameters. In addition, autosomal chromosome disomy (1818) was not associated with abnormal semen parameters. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A potential limitation of this study, as well as those currently in the published literature, is that it is cross-sectional. Cross-sectional analyses by nature do not lend themselves to inference about directionality for any observed associations; therefore, we cannot determine which variable is the cause and which one is the effect. Additionally, the use of WHO cutoff criteria for dichotomizing semen parameters may not fully define fertility status; however, in this study, fertility status was not an outcome we were attempting to assess. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the largest study to date seeking to understand the association between sperm sex chromosome disomy and semen parameters, and the first to use multivariate modeling to understand this relationship. The findings are similar to those in the published literature and highlight the need for mechanistic studies to better characterize the interrelationships between sex chromosome disomy and standard indices of sperm health. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by grants from NIOSH (T42 OH008416) and NIEHS (R01 ES009718, P30 ES000002 and R01 ES017457). The authors declare no competing interests. At the time this work was conducted and the initial manuscript written, MEM was affiliated with the Environmental Health Department at the Harvard School of Public Health. Currently, MEM is employed by Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.E. McAuliffe
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P.L. Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S.A. Korrick
- Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R. Dadd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M.J. Perry
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, 2100 M Street NW, Suite 203, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Singer LT, Moore DG, Fulton S, Goodwin J, Turner JJ, Min MO, Parrott AC. Neurobehavioral outcomes of infants exposed to MDMA (Ecstasy) and other recreational drugs during pregnancy. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2012; 34:303-10. [PMID: 22387807 PMCID: PMC3367027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or "Ecstasy" is one of the most widely used illicit recreational drugs among young adults. MDMA is an indirect monoaminergic agonist and reuptake inhibitor that primarily affects the serotonin system. Preclinical studies in animals have found prenatal exposure related to neonatal tremors and long-term learning and memory impairments. To date, there are no prospective studies of the sequelae of prenatal exposure to MDMA in humans, despite concerns about its potential for harmful effects to the fetus. The present study is the first to prospectively identify MDMA-using women during pregnancy and to document patterns and correlates of use with neonatal and early infancy outcomes of offspring. All mothers and infants were prospectively recruited through the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) and University of East London (UEL) Drugs and Infancy Study (DAISY) that focused on recreational drug use in pregnant women. Women were interviewed about substance use prior to and during pregnancy and infants were seen at 1 and 4 months using standardized, normative assessments of neonatal behavior, and cognitive and motor development, including the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS), the Bayley Mental and Motor Development Scales (MDI, PDI), and the Alberta Infant Motor Scales (AIMS). The sample was primarily middle class with some university education and in stable partner relationships. The majority of women recruited had taken a number of illicit drugs prior to or during pregnancy. Group differences between those polydrug using women who had specifically used MDMA during pregnancy (n=28) and those who had not (n=68) were assessed using chi-square and t-tests. MDMA and other drug effects were assessed through multiple regression analyses controlling for confounding variables. Women who used MDMA during pregnancy had fewer prior births and more negative sequelae associated with their drug use, including more health, work, and social problems. MDMA exposed infants differed in sex ratio (more male births) and had poorer motor quality and lower milestone attainment at 4 months, with a dose-response relationship to amount of MDMA exposure. These findings suggest risk to the developing infant related to MDMA exposure and warrant continued follow-up to determine whether early motor delays persist or resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn T. Singer
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States 44106
| | - Derek G. Moore
- The University of East London, School of Psychology, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London, United Kingdom E15 4LZ
| | - Sarah Fulton
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States 44106
| | - Julia Goodwin
- The University of East London, School of Psychology, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London, United Kingdom E15 4LZ
| | - John J.D. Turner
- The University of East London, School of Psychology, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London, United Kingdom E15 4LZ
| | - Meeyoung O. Min
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States 44106
| | - Andrew C. Parrott
- Swansea University, Department of Psychology, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
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McAuliffe ME, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Altshul LM, Perry MJ. Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p'-DDE and sperm sex-chromosome disomy. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:535-40. [PMID: 22189045 PMCID: PMC3339457 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal abnormalities contribute substantially to reproductive problems, but the role of environmental risk factors has received little attention. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the association of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) exposures with sperm sex-chromosome disomy. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 192 men from subfertile couples. We used multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosomes X, Y, and 18 to determine XX, YY, XY, and total sex-chromosome disomy in sperm nuclei. Serum was analyzed for concentrations of 57 PCB congeners and p,p'-DDE. Poisson regression models were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for disomy by exposure quartiles, controlling for demographic characteristics and semen parameters. RESULTS The median percent disomy was 0.3 for XX and YY, 0.9 for XY, and 1.6 for total sex-chromosome disomy. We observed a significant trend of increasing IRRs for increasing quartiles of p,p'-DDE in XX, XY, and total sex-chromosome disomy, and a significant trend of increasing IRRs for increasing quartiles of PCBs for XY and total sex-chromosome disomy; however, there was a significant inverse association for XX disomy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that exposure to p,p'-DDE may be associated with increased rates of XX, XY, and total sex-chromosome disomy, whereas exposure to PCBs may be associated with increased rates of YY, XY, and total sex-chromosome disomy. In addition, we observed an inverse association between increased exposure to PCBs and XX disomy. Further work is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E McAuliffe
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Disruption of spermatogenesis and differential regulation of testicular estrogen receptor expression in mice after polychlorinated biphenyl exposure. Toxicology 2011; 287:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Navara KJ. Programming of offspring sex ratios by maternal stress in humans: assessment of physiological mechanisms using a comparative approach. J Comp Physiol B 2010; 180:785-96. [PMID: 20544204 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-010-0483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sex ratio adjustment has become a hot topic in ecology and evolutionary biology, as documentations of sex ratio skews are numerous, and include examples in diverse animal species. Over the past several decades, scientists have repeatedly debated whether human sex ratios also significantly deviate toward one sex or the other based on environmental or social conditions. An increasing number of studies supports the idea that exposure to stressful conditions can influence the sexes of offspring produced by humans, a majority of which document significantly fewer males after exposure to adverse conditions such as severe life events, economic disruption, or natural disasters. From a comparative standpoint, these findings are similar to studies in non-human mammals and other vertebrate species showing a bias toward females during times of stress. However, the mechanisms by which stress-related biases in the offspring sex ratio may occur remain elusive, and the involvement of glucocorticoids indicating a true influence of stress itself remains unstudied. Here, I review the evidence that stressful events induce sex ratio adjustment in humans. Additionally, I discuss the possibility for glucocorticoid mediation of sex ratio adjustment and the potential reproductive stages during which stress-induced sex ratio adjustment may occur in humans and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Navara
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, 203 Poultry Science Building, 110 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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Ateşşahin A, Türk G, Yilmaz S, Sönmez M, Sakin F, Çeribasi AO. Modulatory Effects of Lycopene and Ellagic Acid on Reproductive Dysfunction Induced by Polychlorinated Biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) in Male Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 106:479-89. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Aflatoonian B, Ruban L, Jones M, Aflatoonian R, Fazeli A, Moore H. In vitro post-meiotic germ cell development from human embryonic stem cells. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:3150-9. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Terrell ML, Berzen AK, Small CM, Cameron LL, Wirth JJ, Marcus M. A cohort study of the association between secondary sex ratio and parental exposure to polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). Environ Health 2009; 8:35. [PMID: 19682390 PMCID: PMC2794027 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-8-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), a brominated flame retardant, was accidently mixed into animal feed in Michigan (1973-1974) resulting in human exposure through consumption of contaminated meat, milk and eggs. Beginning in 1976 individuals who consumed contaminated products were enrolled in the Michigan Long-Term PBB Study. This cohort presents a unique opportunity to study the association between parental exposures to PBB and offspring sex ratio. METHODS We identified offspring of female PBB cohort participants (born 1975-1988) and obtained electronic birth records for those born in the state of Michigan. We linked this information to parental serum PBB and PCB concentrations collected at enrollment into the cohort. We modeled the odds of a male birth with generalized estimating equations accounting for the non-independence of siblings born to the same parents. We explored potential confounders: parental age and education at offspring's birth, parental body mass index at cohort enrollment, birth order, gestational age and year of offspring's birth. RESULTS The overall proportion of male offspring among 865 live births to cohort mothers was 0.542. This was higher than the national male proportion of 0.514 (binomial test: p = 0.10). When both parents were in the cohort (n = 300), we found increased odds of a male birth with combined parents' enrollment PBB exposure > or = the median concentrations (3 microg/L for mothers; 6 microg/L for fathers) compared to combined parents' PBB exposure < the median concentrations (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.89-2.29), although this did not reach statistical significance. In addition, there was a suggestion of increased odds of a male birth for combined parents' enrollment PCB exposure > or = the median concentrations (6 microg/L for mothers; 8 microg/L for fathers) compared to combined parents' enrollment PCB exposure < the median concentrations (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.93-2.52). CONCLUSION This study adds to the body of literature on secondary sex ratio and exposure to environmental contaminants. In this population, combined parental exposure to PBBs or PCBs increased the odds of a male birth. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings and shed light on the biological mechanisms by which these types of chemicals may influence the secondary sex ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metrecia L Terrell
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322; USA
| | - Alissa K Berzen
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322; USA
| | - Chanley M Small
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322; USA
| | - Lorraine L Cameron
- Division of Environmental Health, Michigan Department of Community Health, 201 Townsend, Lansing, Michigan, 48913; USA
| | - Julie J Wirth
- Division of Environmental Health, Michigan Department of Community Health, 201 Townsend, Lansing, Michigan, 48913; USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824; USA
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824; USA
| | - Michele Marcus
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322; USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
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Hung PH, Froenicke L, Lyons LA, VandeVoort CA. Nothing ‘FISH’y about the rhesus macaque sex ratio. J Med Primatol 2009; 38:42-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2008.00306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Effects of environmental tobacco smoke in vivo on rhesus monkey semen quality, sperm function, and sperm metabolism. Reprod Toxicol 2008; 27:140-8. [PMID: 19159676 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 12/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to use a non-human primate model to examine the effect of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in vivo on semen quality, sperm function, and sperm metabolism. Four adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were exposed to ETS for six months, and semen samples were collected every week for evaluation. ETS exposure in vivo did not affect semen quality and sperm function. The sperm X:Y chromosome ratio remained unchanged after ETS exposure. The sex ratio of the embryos fertilized by ETS-exposed males was not different from the control male. However, sperm showed changes in metabolome detected by NMR during the ETS exposure. We concluded that with the duration and level of ETS exposure in this study, semen quality and sperm function were not affected, whereas sperm did undergo metabolic changes with ETS exposure in vivo.
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Chaemfa C, Barber JL, Gocht T, Harner T, Holoubek I, Klanova J, Jones KC. Field calibration of polyurethane foam (PUF) disk passive air samplers for PCBs and OC pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 156:1290-1297. [PMID: 18474408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Different passive air sampler (PAS) strategies have been developed for sampling in remote areas and for cost-effective simultaneous spatial mapping of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) over differing geographical scales. The polyurethane foam (PUF) disk-based PAS is probably the most widely used. In a PUF-based PAS, the PUF disk is generally mounted inside two stainless steel bowls to buffer the air flow to the disk and to shield it from precipitation and light. The field study described in this manuscript was conducted to: compare performance of 3 different designs of sampler; to further calibrate the sampler against the conventional active sampler; to derive more information on field-based uptake rates and equilibrium times of the samplers. Samplers were also deployed at different locations across the field site, and at different heights up a meteorological tower, to investigate the possible influence of sampler location. Samplers deployed <5m above ground, and not directly sheltered from the wind gave similar uptake rates. Small differences in dimensions between the 3 designs of passive sampler chamber had no discernable effect on accumulation rates, allowing comparison with previously published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakra Chaemfa
- Centre for Chemicals Management and Environmental Science Department, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA14YQ, UK
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Helle S, Lilley T. Maternal 2nd to 4th digit ratio does not predict lifetime offspring sex ratio at birth. Am J Hum Biol 2008; 20:700-3. [PMID: 18561146 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuli Helle
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Dórea JG. Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances in fish: human health considerations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 400:93-114. [PMID: 18653214 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fish are important dietary items that provide essential nutrients. Fish however, bioaccumulate monomethyl mercury (MMHg) and organo-halogenated pollutants (OHP) that are persistent bioaccumulative and toxic substances (PBTS). Unlike man-made OHP, MMHg is mainly of natural origin but background concentrations of aquatic systems are determined by the environmental Hg-methylating potential. Industrial activities can modulate environmental discharges and fish bioaccumulation of PBTS. Fish and seafood consumption are associated with human body load of PBTS, but farming practices that utilize fishmeal increase the terrestrial food chain resulting in farm-animal accumulation of PBTS. These substances are neurotoxic and endocrine active that can impact humans and wild life, but chemical characteristics of MMHg and OHP modulate interactions with animal tissues. MMHg is protein reactive with a faster metabolism (months) than OHP that are stored and slowly (years) metabolized in fat tissues. Except for brain-Hg, neither Hg nor OHP in tissues are markers of toxic effects; however, deficits in neurobehavioral test-scores of children have been shown in some fish-eating populations. These deficits are transient and within normal range, and are not prodromes of neurological diseases. Although population studies show that consumption of fish at current levels of contamination do not explain neurological disorders, endocrine activity remains controversial. Understanding risk of hazard caused by fish-PBTS consumption requires a wide range of expertise. We discuss chemical, toxic, metabolic, and ecological characteristics associated with PBTS in fish. There are proven health outcome derived from fish consumption, while risk of exposure to avoidable PBTS is a chance that can be minimized by societal actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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Hertz-Picciotto I, Jusko TA, Willman EJ, Baker RJ, Keller JA, Teplin SW, Charles MJ. A cohort study of in utero polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures in relation to secondary sex ratio. Environ Health 2008; 7:37. [PMID: 18627595 PMCID: PMC2483969 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-7-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous industrial chemicals that persist in the environment and in human fatty tissue. PCBs are related to a class of compounds known as dioxins, specifically 2,3,7,8-TCDD (tetrachloro-dibenzodioxin), which has been implicated as a cause of altered sex ratio, especially in relation to paternal exposures. METHODS In the 1960's, serum specimens were collected from pregnant women participating in the Child Health and Development Study in the San Francisco Bay Area. The women were interviewed and their serum samples stored at -20 degrees C. For this study, samples were thawed and a total of eleven PCBs were determined in 399 specimens. Secondary sex ratio, or sex ratio at birth, was evaluated as a function of maternal serum concentrations using log-binomial and logistic regression, controlling for hormonally active medications taken during pregnancy. RESULTS The relative risk of a male birth decreased by 33% comparing women at the 90th percentile of total PCBs with women at the 10th percentile (RR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48-0.94; p = 0.02), or by approximately 7% for each 1 mug/L increase in total PCB concentration. Although some congener-specific associations with sex ratio were only marginally statistically significant, all nine PCB congeners with < 30% of samples below the LOQ showed the same direction of association, an improbable finding under the null hypothesis. CONCLUSION Maternal exposure to PCBs may be detrimental to the success of male sperm or to the survival of male embryos. Findings could be due to contaminants, metabolites or PCBs themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, TB #168, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Todd A Jusko
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Eric J Willman
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Ecolab, Eagen, MN, 55121, USA
| | - Rebecca J Baker
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jean A Keller
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Quintiles, Inc, 5927 South Miami Blvd, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | - Stuart W Teplin
- Center for the Study of Development and Learning, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - M Judith Charles
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Axmon A, Rylander L, Rignell-Hydbom A. Reproductive toxicity of seafood contaminants: prospective comparisons of Swedish east and west coast fishermen's families. Environ Health 2008; 7:20. [PMID: 18507855 PMCID: PMC2438351 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-7-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cohorts comprising fishermen's families on the east coast of Sweden have been found to have a high consumption of contaminated fish as well as high body burdens of persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs). Their west coast correspondents are socio-economically similar, but with considerably lower POP exposure since the fish caught on the west coast is far less contaminated. The rationale for this was that the cohorts residing on the east coast of Sweden have been found to have a high consumption of contaminated fish as well as high body burdens of POPs, whereas their west coast correspondents are socio-economically similar, but with considerably lower POP exposure since the fish caught on the west coast is far less contaminated. Among the reproductive outcomes investigated are included both male and female parameters, as well as couple fertility and effects on the fetus. A range of exposure measures, including both questionnaire assessments of fish consumption and biomarkers, have been used. The most consistent findings of the studies are those related to the fetus, where a decreased birth weight was found across all measures of exposure, which is in agreement with studies from other populations. Some markers for male reproduction function, i.e. sperm motility, sperm chromatin integrity, and Y:X chromosome ratio, were associated with POP exposure, whereas others, such as sperm concentration and semen volume, were not. With respect to couple fertility and female reproductive parameters, no support was given for associations with POP exposure. Although some associations may have been affected by beneficial effects of essential nutrients in seafood, the overall findings are meaningful in the context of reproductive toxicity and support the usefulness of the epidemiological design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Axmon
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Rylander
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Rignell-Hydbom
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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Yang MS, Lee CH, Chang SJ, Chung TC, Tsai EM, Ko AMJ, Ko YC. The effect of maternal betel quid exposure during pregnancy on adverse birth outcomes among aborigines in Taiwan. Drug Alcohol Depend 2008; 95:134-9. [PMID: 18282667 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In considering documented developmental toxicity and teratogenicity found in earlier research, maternal betel quid chewing may very well be linked to a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of betel quid chewing, together with the use of cigarettes or alcohol, either independently or combined, on birth-related outcomes. A total of 1264 aboriginal women who had just given birth in 10 hospitals in Southern and Eastern Taiwan were recruited. Information on their maternal and newborn characteristics was obtained from medical charts and by performing personal interviews using a validated questionnaire. Maternal areca nut chewing during pregnancy was found to be significantly associated with both birth weight loss (-89.54 g) and birth length reduction (-0.43 cm). A significantly lower male newborn rate (aOR=0.62) was observed among aboriginal women with a habit of betel quid chewing during pregnancy. The use of this substance conveyed a 2.40- and 3.67-fold independent risk of low birth weight and full-term low birth weight, respectively. An enhanced risk (aOR=3.26-5.99) of low birth weight was observed among women concomitantly using betel quid, cigarette and alcohol during gestation. Our findings suggest that betel quid chewing during pregnancy has a substantial effect on a number of birth outcomes, including sex ratio at birth, lower birth weight and reduced birth length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Sang Yang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Jakobsson K, Mikoczy Z. Reproductive outcome in a cohort of male and female rubber workers: a registry study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2008; 82:165-74. [PMID: 18404275 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-008-0318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether blue-collar employment in the Swedish rubber industry from 1973 onwards had a negative impact on reproductive health. METHODS Pairs of mother and child, and triads of father-mother-child were obtained through linkage of a cohort of 18,518 rubber factory employees with the Swedish Population Registry. Birth outcomes were obtained from the Medical Birth Register for 17,918 children. For each child, parental employment as blue-collar rubber worker during the pregnancy and sperm maturation period was obtained from work-place records. Children to female food industry workers, in all 33,256, constituted an external reference group. RESULTS The sex ratio was reversed, with odds ratio (OR) for having a girl was 1.15 (95% CI 1.02, 1.31) when the mother was exposed. When both parents were exposed, the OR was even higher, 1.28 (95% CI 1.02, 1.62). An increased risk of multiple births was observed when both parents were exposed, with OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.17, 5.01). Children with both maternal and paternal exposure had a reduced birth weight compared to the external reference cohort. After adjustment for smoking (available for births from 1983 onwards), ethnicity and sex, the difference between children (singletons, live births) with maternal and paternal exposure and external referents was -142 g (95% CI -229, -54). The adjusted OR for having a small-for-gestational-age child was 2.15 (95% CI 1.45, 3.18) when the mother was a rubber worker during the pregnancy. CONCLUSION There were clear indications that reproductive outcome was adversely affected in rubber workers. The findings warrant further investigation with refinement of exposure indices and inclusion of other endpoints of reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Jakobsson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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48
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Helle S, Laaksonen T, Adamsson A, Paranko J, Huitu O. Female field voles with high testosterone and glucose levels produce male-biased litters. Anim Behav 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Steinberg RM, Walker DM, Juenger TE, Woller MJ, Gore AC. Effects of perinatal polychlorinated biphenyls on adult female rat reproduction: development, reproductive physiology, and second generational effects. Biol Reprod 2008; 78:1091-101. [PMID: 18305224 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.067249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), can cause latent effects on reproductive function. Here, we tested whether PCBs administered during late pregnancy would compromise reproductive physiology in both the fetally exposed female offspring (F1 generation), as well as in their female offspring (F2 generation). Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the PCB mixture, Aroclor 1221 (A1221; 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg), on Embryonic Days 16 and 18. Somatic and reproductive development of F1 and their F2 female offspring were monitored, including ages of eye opening, pubertal landmarks, and serum reproductive hormones. The results showed that low doses of A1221 given during this critical period of neuroendocrine development caused differential effects of A1221 on F1 and F2 female rats. In both generations, litter sex ratio was skewed toward females. In the F1 generation, additional effects were found, including a significant alteration of serum LH in the 1 mg/kg A1221 group. The F2 generation showed more profound alterations, particularly with respect to fluctuations in hormones and reproductive tract tissues across the estrous cycle. On proestrus, the day of the preovulatory GnRH/gonadotropin surge, F2 females whose mothers had been exposed perinatally to A1221 exhibited substantially suppressed LH and progesterone concentrations, and correspondingly smaller uterine and ovarian weights on estrus, compared with F2 descendants of control rats. These latter changes suggest a dysregulation of reproductive physiology. Thus, low levels of exposure to PCBs during late fetal development cause significant effects on the maturation and physiology of two generations of female offspring. These findings have implications for reproductive health and fertility of wildlife and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Steinberg
- The Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Giwercman A, Rylander L, Lundberg Giwercman Y. Influence of endocrine disruptors on human male fertility. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 15:633-42. [PMID: 18062860 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that during the past five decades human sperm counts have declined and the incidence of testicular cancer, hypospadias and cryptorchidism has increased. Furthermore, geographical differences, with respect to these markers of male reproductive function, have been reported. According to a recent hypothesis, all these abnormalities of the male genital system do have a common cause, namely exposure to endocrine disruptors affecting the male in early fetal life. Reduced sperm production as well as congenital abnormalities of male genitalia can be evoked in laboratory animals by exposing them to chemicals with endocrine-disrupting effect, and in humans similar effects have been seen following accidental exposures to very high concentrations of these environmental toxicants. However, the evidence for association between levels of exposure found in the general population and serious adverse effects on male reproduction, including fertility, is still lacking. A recent European Union-supported study, on the effect of persistent organohalogen pollutants on human reproduction, failed to show any correlation between post-natal exposure levels and fertility. Future studies will reveal whether prenatal exposure does more strongly affect male fertility and whether genetic predisposition regulates the susceptibility of an individual to the adverse effects of endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Giwercman
- Reproductive Medicine Centre and Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
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