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Ojaghi H, Poorsheykhian S, Najafi A, Iranpour S. The role of blood related inflammatory factors on age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Immun Ageing 2024; 21:35. [PMID: 38840251 PMCID: PMC11151525 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a significant retinal disease that leads to irreversible low vision, particularly in developing countries. The variation in AMD prevalence among different racial groups and highlighted role of inflammation on disease pathology from previous studies which yielded in inconsistent findings, It seems to be of great importance to do more investigation in this field. METHODS This case control study involved 204 participants, divided into four groups of equal size (51 individuals per group). Three groups represented AMD cases of varying severity according to Beckman classification (3 groups) and one healthy control group. Sampling was conducted exhaustively until the desired sample size was reached. The control group comprised healthy individuals without any infectious or inflammatory systemic, ophthalmic disease. Blood samples were collected to measure inflammatory factors, including lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Collected data were analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 21. RESULTS Of the participants, 51% were women, and their ages ranged from 47 to 89 years (62.2 ± 8). According to multiple logistic regression analysis, age exhibited a statistically significant positive association with AMD severity (P = 0.038, odds ratio [OR] = 1.034). ANOVA results indicated a significant association between neutrophil count and AMD severity (P < 0.001). As the disease severity increased, the number of neutrophils decreased. The mean ± SD neutrophil counts for early, intermediate and advanced AMD were 3849 ± 800, 3702 ± 734, and 3342 ± 823, respectively. No statistically significant associations were found between lymphocyte count, monocyte count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, CRP, and AMD. CONCLUSION There was a significant relationship between the number of neutrophils in peripheral blood and the severity of AMD in study participants which needs more evaluation for the potential utility of this factor in the prognosis of AMD. There was not any significant relationship among the other factors and AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ojaghi
- Department of Surgery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Amin Najafi
- Department of Surgery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Sohrab Iranpour
- Department of Epidemiology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Winiarczyk M, Thiede B, Utheim TP, Kaarniranta K, Winiarczyk D, Michalak K, Mackiewicz J. Oxidative Stress, Persistent Inflammation and Blood Coagulation Alterations in Serum Proteome of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:624. [PMID: 38792644 PMCID: PMC11122107 DOI: 10.3390/life14050624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible blindness in elderly populations in developed countries. AMD's etiopathology is multifactorial, with strong environmental and genetic components, but the exact molecular pathomechanisms underlying the disease are still unknown. In this study, we analyzed blood serum collected from 74 neovascular AMD patients and 58 healthy controls to identify proteins that may serve as potential biomarkers and expand our knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of the disease. The study revealed 17 differentially expressed proteins-11 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated-in neovascular AMD, which are involved in the biological processes previously linked with the disease-oxidative stress and persistent inflammation, impaired cellular transport, lipid metabolism and blood coagulation. In conclusion, the differences in the expressions of the proteins identified in this study may contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying AMD and possibly serve in future as promising biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Winiarczyk
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Bernd Thiede
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70200 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dagmara Winiarczyk
- Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Mackiewicz
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
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Wang L, Wei W, Zhao Y, Chen S, Wu D, Tu M. Causal associations of refractive error and early age-related macular degeneration: A Mendelian randomization study. Exp Eye Res 2024; 241:109850. [PMID: 38423204 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the risk associated with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) due to refractive errors (RE) using an analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data through the two-sample Mendelian randomization approach. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to refractive errors (RE) were obtained from numerous GWAS studies involving individuals of European descent. The data for early AMD was obtained from a diverse, multiethnic GWAS meta-analysis that included 105,248 participants (14,034 cases and 91,214 controls). The primary outcome measure focused on the rise in early AMD risk corresponding to a 1-diopter alteration in spherical power and cylindrical power. In the main Mendelian randomization analysis, inverse-variance weighting (IVW) methods were applied for the evaluation. Mendelian Randomization (MR) study revealed a substantial impact of refractive error (RE) on early AMD risk, with a 1-diopter increase in hypermetropia being related to a 1.16 odds ratio (OR) for a greater risk of early AMD (95% CI, 1.10-1.23; P < 0.01). This conclusion was further supported by four supplementary approaches, namely, Weighted mode, Weighted-median, Simple mode, and MR-Egger. The results suggest a heightened risk of early AMD correlated with hyperopia, necessitating further research to thoroughly elucidate this potential causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - YongJi Zhao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Sixi Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Dongjing Wu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Mengjun Tu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Lin HY, Chou W, Chien TW, Yeh YT, Kuo SC, Hsu SY. Analyzing shifts in age-related macular degeneration research trends since 2014: A bibliometric study with triple-map Sankey diagrams (TMSD). Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36547. [PMID: 38241545 PMCID: PMC10798733 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of vision impairment in older adults, especially in developed countries. While many articles on AMD exist in the literature, none specifically delve into the trends based on document categories. While bibliometric studies typically use dual-map overlays to highlight new trends, these can become congested and unclear with standard formats (e.g., in CiteSpace software). In this study, we introduce a unique triple-map Sankey diagram (TMSD) to assess the evolution of AMD research. Our objective is to understand the nuances of AMD articles and show the effectiveness of TMSD in determining whether AMD research trends have shifted over the past decade. METHODS We collected 7465 articles and review pieces related to AMD written by ophthalmologists from the Web of Science core collection, accumulating article metadata from 2014 onward. To delve into the characteristics of these AMD articles, we employed various visualization methods, with a special focus on TMSD to track research evolution. We adopted the descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analytics (DDPP) model, complemented by the follower-leading clustering algorithm (FLCA) for clustering analysis. This synergistic approach proved efficient in identifying and showcasing research focal points and budding trends using network charts within the DDPP framework. RESULTS Our findings indicate that: in countries, institutes, years, authors, and journals, the dominant entities were the United States, the University of Bonn in Germany, the year 2021, Dr Jae Hui Kim from South Korea, and the journal "Retina"; in accordance with the TMSD, AMD research trends have not changed significantly since 2014, as the top 4 categories for 3 citing, active, and cited articles have not changed, in sequence (Ophthalmology, Science & Technology - Other Topics, General & Internal Medicine, Pharmacology & Pharmacy). CONCLUSION The introduced TMSD, which incorporates the FLCA algorithm and features in 3 columns-cited, active, and citing research categories-offers readers clearer insights into research developments compared to the traditional dual-map overlays from CiteSpace software. Such tools are especially valuable for streamlining the visualization of the intricate data often seen in bibliometric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ying Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Willy Chou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chiali Chi-Mei Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung San Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsair-Wei Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsen Yeh
- Medical School, St. George’s, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Shu-Chun Kuo
- Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Hsu
- Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
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He W, Han X, Ong JS, Wu Y, Hewitt AW, Mackey DA, Gharahkhani P, MacGregor S. Genome-Wide Meta-analysis Identifies Risk Loci and Improves Disease Prediction of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology 2024; 131:16-29. [PMID: 37634759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk loci and to establish a polygenic prediction model. DESIGN Genome-wide association study (GWAS) and polygenic risk score (PRS) construction. PARTICIPANTS We included 64 885 European patients with AMD and 568 740 control participants (with overlapped samples) in the UK Biobank, Genetic Epidemiology Research on Aging (GERA), International AMD Consortium, FinnGen, and published early AMD GWASs in meta-analyses, as well as 733 European patients with AMD and 20 487 control participants from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) and non-Europeans from the UK Biobank and GERA for polygenic risk score validation. METHODS A multitrait meta-analysis of GWASs comprised 64 885 patients with AMD and 568 740 control participants; the multitrait approach accounted for sample overlap. We constructed a PRS for AMD based on both previously reported as well as unreported AMD loci. We applied the PRS to nonoverlapping data from the CLSA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with AMD and established a PRS for AMD risk prediction. RESULTS We identified 63 AMD risk loci alongside the well-established AMD loci CFH and ARMS2, including 9 loci that were not reported in previous GWASs, some of which previously were linked to other eye diseases such as glaucoma (e.g., HIC1). We applied our PRS to nonoverlapping data from the CLSA. A new PRS was constructed using the PRS method, PRS-CS, and significantly improved the prediction accuracy of AMD risk compared with PRSs from previously published datasets. We further showed that even people who carry all the well-known AMD risk alleles at CFH and ARMS2 vary considerably in their AMD risk (ranging from close to 0 in individuals with low PRS to > 50% in individuals with high PRS). Although our PRS was derived in individuals of European ancestry, the PRS shows potential for predicting risk in people of East Asian, South Asian, and Latino ancestry. CONCLUSIONS Our findings improve the knowledge of the genetic architecture of AMD and help achieve better accuracy in AMD prediction. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong He
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Xikun Han
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jue-Sheng Ong
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yeda Wu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victorian, Australia; School of Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Chen X, Chen L, Lin Y, Li G. Causality of Diabetic Nephropathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Gene 2023; 889:147787. [PMID: 37689221 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) currently stands as the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the present era. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the causal relationships between diabetic nephropathy (DN), its associated risk factors, and AMD among participants of European descent. METHODS Genetic variants associated with DN and its risk factors, encompassing glycemic traits, lipidemic traits, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, obesity, and urate, were obtained from previously published genome-wide association studies. Summary-level statistics for AMD were acquired from the FinnGen database. Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) were employed to conduct this investigation. RESULTS Our MR analyses indicated that per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase of DN heightened the risk of overall AMD (p = 1.03 × 10-8, OR = 1.24). And these findings remained consistent when examining both dry AMD (p = 2.27 × 10-4, OR = 1.17) and wet AMD (p = 5.15 × 10-6, OR = 1.33). Additionally, there was a causal association between high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and an increased risk of AMD (p = 2.69 × 10-3, OR = 1.23), while triglycerides were found to mitigate the risk (p = 0.02, OR = 0.83). Notably, no significant associations were observed between other risk factors of DN and AMD. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the impact of DN on the development of AMD may be more substantial than previously believed. Furthermore, elevated HDL-C levels appear to heighten the risk of AMD, whereas triglycerides may provide a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Guo H, Li J, Lu P. Systematic review and meta-analysis of mass spectrometry proteomics applied to ocular fluids to assess potential biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:507. [PMID: 38087257 PMCID: PMC10717315 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a significant cause of severe vision loss. The main purpose of this study was to identify mass spectrometry proteomics-based potential biomarkers of AMD that contribute to understanding the mechanisms of disease and aiding in early diagnosis. METHODS This study retrieved studies that aim to detect differences relate to proteomics in AMD patients and healthy control groups by mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics approaches. The search process was accord with PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO database: CRD42023388093). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway Analysis (KEGG) were performed on differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the included articles using the DAVID database. DEPs were included in a meta-analysis when their effect size could be computed in at least two research studies. The effect size of measured proteins was transformed to the log2-fold change. Protein‒protein interaction (PPI) analysis was conducted on proteins that were statistically significant in the meta-analysis using the String online database. RESULTS Eleven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 161 DEPs were identified. The GO analysis showed that AMD is significantly related to proteolysis, extracellular exosome and protein binding. In KEGG, the most significant pathway was the complement and coagulation cascades. Meta-analysis results suggested that eight proteins were statistically significant, and according to PPI results, the most significant four proteins were serotransferrin (TF), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), complement C3 (C3) and lipocalin-1 (LCN1). CONCLUSIONS Four possible biomarkers, TF, APOA1, C3 and LCN1, were found to be significant in the pathogenesis of AMD and need to be further validated. Further studies should be performed to evaluate diagnostic and therapeutic value of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanmu Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Riley-Gillis B, Huh H, Shen J, den Hollander AI. Genetic and molecular biomarkers for geographic atrophy. Acta Ophthalmol 2023; 101:869-880. [PMID: 37933607 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Geographic atrophy (GA) is characterized by atrophy of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris, causing a gradual loss of vision over time. Treatment options to prevent initiation or progression of GA are limited; two recently FDA-approved inhibitors of the complement system (pegcetacoplan, avacincaptad pegol) showed a modest decrease in GA lesion growth in phase 3 clinical trials. Exploration of genetic and molecular biomarkers in GA plays a critical role in our battle against this blinding disease to improve early disease detection, to find more effective therapies, and to provide personalized care to patients. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature investigating genetic and molecular biomarkers for GA. Genetic studies identified multiple genes and variants that play a role in progression to GA and GA lesion growth, involving pathways such as complement activation, extracellular matrix interaction and lipid metabolism. The number of published studies assessing molecular biomarkers for GA initiation and progression in ocular matrices is limited. Several studies evaluated molecular biomarkers in the systemic circulation, showing higher levels of complement activation and a causal role of lipid subfractions in GA. Larger, well-powered studies are needed to identify novel and validate existing biomarkers, and to investigate the potential of combining genetic and molecular markers with imaging techniques for more accurate diagnosis and monitoring of GA. The development of personalized medicine approaches based on individual genetic and molecular profiles could hold promise for more effective and targeted treatments for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Huh
- AbbVie, Local Delivery Translational Sciences, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- AbbVie, Local Delivery Translational Sciences, Irvine, California, USA
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Nordestgaard LT, Christoffersen M, Afzal S, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Frikke-Schmidt R. Genetic variants in the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 and risk of age-related macular degeneration. Eur J Epidemiol 2023; 38:985-994. [PMID: 37335386 PMCID: PMC10501952 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants in ABCA1 are associated with higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Higher HDL cholesterol concentrations are observationally and genetically associated with higher risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, whether amino acid-changing genetic variants in ABCA1 associated with high HDL cholesterol concentrations confer a higher risk of AMD in the general population is currently unknown. We tested this hypothesis. The study included 80,972 individuals (1,370 AMD cases) from the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) and 9,584 individuals (142 AMD cases) from the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) with 10 to 18 years of follow-up. We created an HDL cholesterol weighted allele score based on amino acid-changing ABCA1 variants with a minor allele frequency above 0.001 and divided it into tertiles. The study included 55% women. Mean age was 58 years. The ABCA1 allele score for the third versus the first tertile was associated with HRs (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of 1.30 (1.14-1.49) for all-cause AMD, 1.26 (1.06-1.50) for nonneovascular AMD, and 1.31 (1.12-1.53) for neovascular AMD in a multivariable adjusted model. On a continuous scale, higher concentrations of genetically determined HDL cholesterol were associated with higher risk of all-cause AMD, nonneovascular AMD, and neovascular AMD in an age- and sex adjusted model and in a multivariable adjusted model. In conclusion, amino acid-changing genetic variants in ABCA1 associated with higher HDL cholesterol concentrations were also associated with higher risk of AMD, suggesting a role for ABCA1 in AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Tybjærg Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge Grønne Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Li FF, Wang Y, Chen L, Chen C, Chen Q, Xiang L, Rao FQ, Shen LJ, Zheng QX, Yi Q, Huang XF. Causal effects of serum lipid biomarkers on early age-related macular degeneration using Mendelian randomization. GENES & NUTRITION 2023; 18:11. [PMID: 37479984 PMCID: PMC10362672 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-023-00730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of vision loss. Early AMD needs to be taken seriously, but the causal effects of lipid biomarkers on early AMD remain unclear. METHODS In this study, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to systematically assess the causal relationships between seven serum lipid biomarkers (apolipoprotein A (ApoA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), direct low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein A [Lp(a)], and triglycerides (TG)) and risk of early AMD. In total, 14,034 cases and 91,214 controls of European ancestry were included in the analysis (number of SNPs = 11,304,110). RESULTS MR estimates revealed that a higher HDL-C level is strongly associated with increased risk of early AMD (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.15-1.35, P = 2.61 × 10-8). In addition, level of ApoA is also positively associated with risk of early AMD (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.50-2.77, P = 6.27 × 10-6). Conversely, higher levels of TG significantly decrease the risk of early AMD (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.71-0.84, P = 5.02 × 10-10). Sensitivity analyses further supported these associations. Moreover, multivariable MR analyses, adjusted for the effects of correlated lipid biomarkers, yielded similar results. CONCLUSION This study identifies causal relationships between elevated circulating HDL-C/ApoA levels and increased risk of early AMD, in addition to finding that TG specifically reduces the risk of early AMD. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of lipid metabolism in drusen formation, particularly in early AMD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Fen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lishuang Chen
- The Ningbo Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng-Qin Rao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Shen
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Xiang Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- The Ningbo Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Quanyong Yi
- The Ningbo Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xiu-Feng Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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11
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Han X, Lains I, Li J, Li J, Chen Y, Yu B, Qi Q, Boerwinkle E, Kaplan R, Thyagarajan B, Daviglus M, Joslin CE, Cai J, Guasch-Ferré M, Tobias DK, Rimm E, Ascherio A, Costenbader K, Karlson E, Mucci L, Eliassen AH, Zeleznik O, Miller J, Vavvas DG, Kim IK, Silva R, Miller J, Hu F, Willett W, Lasky-Su J, Kraft P, Richards JB, MacGregor S, Husain D, Liang L. Integrating genetics and metabolomics from multi-ethnic and multi-fluid data reveals putative mechanisms for age-related macular degeneration. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101085. [PMID: 37348500 PMCID: PMC10394104 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in older adults. Investigating shared genetic components between metabolites and AMD can enhance our understanding of its pathogenesis. We conduct metabolite genome-wide association studies (mGWASs) using multi-ethnic genetic and metabolomic data from up to 28,000 participants. With bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis involving 16,144 advanced AMD cases and 17,832 controls, we identify 108 putatively causal relationships between plasma metabolites and advanced AMD. These metabolites are enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism, lysophospholipid, triradylcglycerol, and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid pathways. Bayesian genetic colocalization analysis and a customized metabolome-wide association approach prioritize putative causal AMD-associated metabolites. We find limited evidence linking urine metabolites to AMD risk. Our study emphasizes the contribution of plasma metabolites, particularly lipid-related pathways and genes, to AMD risk and uncovers numerous putative causal associations between metabolites and AMD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xikun Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ines Lains
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinglun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yiheng Chen
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charlotte E Joslin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Karlson
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oana Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Miller
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Retina Service, Ines and Fredrick Yeatts Retinal Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ivana K Kim
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rufino Silva
- Ophthalmology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal; University Clinic of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joan Miller
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Frank Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Systems Genetics and Genomics Unit, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Brent Richards
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK; Five Prime Sciences Inc, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Deeba Husain
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Lee JH, Kim J, Kim JO, Kwon YJ. Association of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol trajectories with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an epidemiological and genome-wide association study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:435. [PMID: 37403158 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) shares common risk factors with cardiovascular diseases. Effects of longitudinal trends in non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol on NAFLD development are not understood. This study aimed to assess the relationship between non-HDL cholesterol trajectories and the incidence of NAFLD and to identify genetic differences contributing to NAFLD development between non-HDL cholesterol trajectory groups. METHODS We analyzed data from 2203 adults (aged 40-69 years) who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. During the 6-year exposure periods, participants were classified into an increasing non-HDL cholesterol trajectory group (n = 934) or a stable group (n = 1269). NAFLD was defined using a NAFLD-liver fat score > -0.640. Multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analysis estimated the hazard ratio (HR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the incidence of NAFLD in the increasing group compared with the stable group. RESULTS A genome-wide association study identified significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with NAFLD. During the median 7.8-year of event accrual period, 666 (30.2%) newly developed NAFLD cases were collected. Compared with the stable non-HDL group, the adjusted HR (95% CI) for the incidence of NAFLD in the increasing non-HDL cholesterol group was 1.46 (1.25-1.71). Although there were no significant SNPs, the polygenic risk score was highest in the increasing group, followed by the stable and control groups. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that lifestyle or environmental factors have a greater effect size than genetic factors in NAFLD progression risk. Lifestyle modification could be an effective prevention strategy for NAFLD for people with elevated non-HDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, 01830, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, basgenbio Inc., 64, Keunumul-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 04166, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Oh Kim
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, basgenbio Inc., 64, Keunumul-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 04166, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363, Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Thee EF, Acar İE, Colijn JM, Meester-Smoor MA, Verzijden T, Baart SJ, Jarboui MA, Fauser S, Hoyng CB, Ueffing M, den Hollander AI, Klaver CCW. Systemic Metabolomics in a Framework of Genetics and Lifestyle in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Metabolites 2023; 13:701. [PMID: 37367859 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insights into the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness, point towards a complex interplay of genetic and lifestyle factors triggering various systemic pathways. This study aimed to characterize metabolomic profiles for AMD and to evaluate their position in the trias with genetics and lifestyle. This study included 5923 individuals from five European studies. Blood metabolomics were assessed using a nuclear magnetic resonance platform of 146 metabolites. Associations were studied using regression analyses. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated using β-values of 49 AMD variants, a lifestyle risk score (LRS) using smoking and diet data, and a metabolite risk score (MRS) using metabolite values. We identified 61 metabolites associated with early-intermediate AMD, of which 94% were lipid-related, with higher levels of HDL-subparticles and apolipoprotein-A1, and lower levels of VLDL-subparticles, triglycerides, and fatty acids (false discovery rate (FDR) p-value < 1.4 × 10-2). Late AMD was associated with lower levels of the amino acids histidine, leucine, valine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, and higher levels of the ketone bodies acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate (FDR p-value < 1.5 × 10-3). A favorable lifestyle characterized by a healthy diet was associated with higher levels of amino acids and lower levels of ketone bodies, while an unfavorable lifestyle, including smoking, showed opposite effects (FDR p-value < 2.7 × 10-2). The MRS mediated 5% of the effect of the GRS and 20% of that of the LRS on late AMD. Our findings show that metabolomic profiles differ between AMD stages and show that blood metabolites mostly reflect lifestyle. The severity-specific profiles spur further interest into the systemic effects related to disease conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric F Thee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - İlhan E Acar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Colijn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Verzijden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara J Baart
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed A Jarboui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Fauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Hoffman-La Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Yoon CK, Kim YA, Park UC, Kwon SH, Lee Y, Yoo HJ, Seo JH, Yu HG. Vitreous Fatty Amides and Acyl Carnitines Are Altered in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:28. [PMID: 36939720 PMCID: PMC10043506 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.3.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the vitreous humor metabolite profiles of patients with intermediate AMD using untargeted metabolomics. Methods We performed metabolomics using high-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry on the vitreous humor of 31 patients with intermediate AMD and 30 controls who underwent vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane with or without cataract surgery. Univariate analyses after false discovery rate correction were performed to discriminate the metabolites and identify the significant metabolites of intermediate AMD. For biologic interpretation, enrichment and pathway analysis were conducted using MetaboAnalyst 5.0. Results Of the 858 metabolites analyzed in the vitreous humor, 258 metabolites that distinguished patients with AMD from controls were identified (P values < 0.05). Ascorbic acid and uric acid levels increased in the AMD group (all P values < 0.05). The acyl carnitines, such as acetyl L-carnitine (1.37-fold), and fatty amides, such as anandamide (0.9-fold) and docosanamide (0.67-fold), were higher in patients with intermediate AMD. In contrast, nicotinamide (-0.55-fold), and succinic acid (-1.69-fold) were lower in patients with intermediate AMD. The metabolic pathway related oxidation of branched chain fatty acids and carnitine synthesis showed enrichment. Conclusions Multiple metabolites related to fatty amides and acyl carnitine were found to be increased in the vitreous humor of patients with intermediate AMD, whereas succinic acid and nicotinamide were reduced, suggesting that altered metabolites related to fatty amides and acyl carnitines and energy metabolism may be implicated in the etiology of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ki Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye An Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Un Chul Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kwon
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je Hyun Seo
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-7160
| | - Hyeong Gon Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Retina Center, Sky Eye Institute, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Julian TH, Cooper-Knock J, MacGregor S, Guo H, Aslam T, Sanderson E, Black GCM, Sergouniotis PI. Phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation analysis identifies causal factors for age-related macular degeneration. eLife 2023; 12:82546. [PMID: 36705323 PMCID: PMC9883012 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the industrialised world and is projected to affect >280 million people worldwide by 2040. Aiming to identify causal factors and potential therapeutic targets for this common condition, we designed and undertook a phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation (MR) study. Methods We evaluated the effect of 4591 exposure traits on early AMD using univariable MR. Statistically significant results were explored further using: validation in an advanced AMD cohort; MR Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA); and multivariable MR. Results Overall, 44 traits were found to be putatively causal for early AMD in univariable analysis. Serum proteins that were found to have significant relationships with AMD included S100-A5 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, p-value = 6.80E-06), cathepsin F (OR = 1.10, p-value = 7.16E-05), and serine palmitoyltransferase 2 (OR = 0.86, p-value = 1.00E-03). Univariable MR analysis also supported roles for complement and immune cell traits. Although numerous lipid traits were found to be significantly related to AMD, MR-BMA suggested a driving causal role for serum sphingomyelin (marginal inclusion probability [MIP] = 0.76; model-averaged causal estimate [MACE] = 0.29). Conclusions The results of this MR study support several putative causal factors for AMD and highlight avenues for future translational research. Funding This project was funded by the Wellcome Trust (224643/Z/21/Z; 200990/Z/16/Z); the University of Manchester's Wellcome Institutional Strategic Support Fund (Wellcome ISSF) grant (204796/Z/16/Z); the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Academic Clinical Fellow and Clinical Lecturer Programmes; Retina UK and Fight for Sight (GR586); the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (1150144).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Julian
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Hui Guo
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Tariq Aslam
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Graeme CM Black
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis I Sergouniotis
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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16
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Li J, Li C, Huang Y, Guan P, Huang D, Yu H, Yang X, Liu L. Mendelian randomization analyses in ocular disease: a powerful approach to causal inference with human genetic data. J Transl Med 2022; 20:621. [PMID: 36572895 PMCID: PMC9793675 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophthalmic epidemiology is concerned with the prevalence, distribution and other factors relating to human eye disease. While observational studies cannot avoid confounding factors from interventions, human eye composition and structure are unique, thus, eye disease pathogenesis, which greatly impairs quality of life and visual health, remains to be fully explored. Notwithstanding, inheritance has had a vital role in ophthalmic disease. Mendelian randomization (MR) is an emerging method that uses genetic variations as instrumental variables (IVs) to avoid confounders and reverse causality issues; it reveals causal relationships between exposure and a range of eyes disorders. Thus far, many MR studies have identified potentially causal associations between lifestyles or biological exposures and eye diseases, thus providing opportunities for further mechanistic research, and interventional development. However, MR results/data must be interpreted based on comprehensive evidence, whereas MR applications in ophthalmic epidemiology have some limitations worth exploring. Here, we review key principles, assumptions and MR methods, summarise contemporary evidence from MR studies on eye disease and provide new ideas uncovering aetiology in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Cong Li
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yu Huang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Guan
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Desheng Huang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Mathematics, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Honghua Yu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Lei Liu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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17
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von Eckardstein A, Nordestgaard BG, Remaley AT, Catapano AL. High-density lipoprotein revisited: biological functions and clinical relevance. Eur Heart J 2022; 44:1394-1407. [PMID: 36337032 PMCID: PMC10119031 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Previous interest in high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) focused on their possible protective role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Evidence from genetic studies and randomized trials, however, questioned that the inverse association of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) is causal. This review aims to provide an update on the role of HDL in health and disease, also beyond ASCVD. Through evolution from invertebrates, HDLs are the principal lipoproteins, while apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins first developed in vertebrates. HDLs transport cholesterol and other lipids between different cells like a reusable ferry, but serve many other functions including communication with cells and the inactivation of biohazards like bacterial lipopolysaccharides. These functions are exerted by entire HDL particles or distinct proteins or lipids carried by HDL rather than by its cholesterol cargo measured as HDL-C. Neither does HDL-C measurement reflect the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport. Recent studies indicate that functional measures of HDL, notably cholesterol efflux capacity, numbers of HDL particles, or distinct HDL proteins are better predictors of ASCVD events than HDL-C. Low HDL-C levels are related observationally, but also genetically, to increased risks of infectious diseases, death during sepsis, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Additional, but only observational, data indicate associations of low HDL-C with various autoimmune diseases, and cancers, as well as all-cause mortality. Conversely, extremely high HDL-C levels are associated with an increased risk of age-related macular degeneration (also genetically), infectious disease, and all-cause mortality. HDL encompasses dynamic multimolecular and multifunctional lipoproteins that likely emerged during evolution to serve several physiological roles and prevent or heal pathologies beyond ASCVD. For any clinical exploitation of HDL, the indirect marker HDL-C must be replaced by direct biomarkers reflecting the causal role of HDL in the respective disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital , Herlev , Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital , Herlev , Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni , Milan , Italy
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Hwang S, Kang SW, Choi J, Son KY, Lim DH, Shin DW, Kim K, Kim SJ. Lipid profile and future risk of exudative age-related macular degeneration development: a nationwide cohort study from South Korea. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18777. [PMID: 36335257 PMCID: PMC9637211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This nationwide population-based cohort study evaluated the association between lipid profiles and the future risk of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using authorized clinical data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. A total of 6,129,616 subjects over 50 years of age who participated in the Korean National Health Screening Program in 2013 or 2014 were included. Data on risk factors, including age, sex, comorbidities, behavioral factors, and baseline lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels were collected. Patients were followed-up patients until December 2018, and incident cases of exudative AMD were identified using registered diagnostic codes. During an average follow-up period of 4.91 years, 18,803 patients were newly diagnosed with exudative AMD. Compared to the lowest HDL cholesterol quartile group, the highest HDL cholesterol quartile group had a greater risk of future exudative AMD development with a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.13 (1.08-1.18) in the fully adjusted model. The highest TG quartile group had a lower risk of exudative AMD than the lowest TG quartile group, with a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.84 (0.81-0.88). High HDL cholesterol and low TG levels were prospectively associated with exudative AMD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsoon Hwang
- grid.414964.a0000 0001 0640 5613Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Woong Kang
- grid.414964.a0000 0001 0640 5613Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwan Choi
- grid.414964.a0000 0001 0640 5613Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Son
- grid.414964.a0000 0001 0640 5613Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hui Lim
- grid.414964.a0000 0001 0640 5613Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.414964.a0000 0001 0640 5613Department of Family Medicine and Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.414964.a0000 0001 0640 5613Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- grid.414964.a0000 0001 0640 5613Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
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Liu L, Li C, Yu H, Yang X. A critical review on air pollutant exposure and age-related macular degeneration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156717. [PMID: 35709989 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairments and blindness worldwide in the elderly and its incidence strongly increases with ages. The etiology of AMD is complex and attributed to the genetic modifiers, environmental factors and gene-environment interactions. Recently, the impacts of air pollution on the development of eye diseases have become the new area of focus, and disordered air exposure combined with inadequate health management has caused problems for the eye health, such as dry eye, glaucoma, and retinopathy, while its specific role in the occurrence of AMD is still not well understood. In order to summarize the progress of this research field, we performed a critical review to summarize the epidemiological and mechanism evidence on the association between air pollutants exposure and AMD. This review documented that exposure to air pollutants will accelerate or worsen the morbidity and prevalence of AMD. Air pollutants exposure may change the homeostasis, interfere with the inflammatory response, and take direct action on the lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in the macula. More attention should be given to understanding the impact of ambient air pollution on AMD worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Cong Li
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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20
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Ren C, Yu J. Potential gene identification and pathway crosstalk analysis of age-related macular degeneration. Front Genet 2022; 13:992328. [PMID: 36147504 PMCID: PMC9486309 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.992328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most prevalent visual disorder among the elderly, is confirmed as a multifactorial disease. Studies demonstrated that genetic factors play an essential role in its pathogenesis. Our study aimed to make a relatively comprehensive study about biological functions of AMD related genes and crosstalk of their enriched pathways. 1691 AMD genetic studies were reviewed, GO enrichment and pathway crosstalk analyses were conducted to elucidate the biological features of these genes and to demonstrate the pathways that these genes participate. Moreover, we identified novel AMD-specific genes using shortest path algorithm in the context of human interactome. We retrieved 176 significantly AMD-related genes. GO results showed that the most significant term in each of these three GO categories was: signaling receptor binding (PBH = 4.835 × 10−7), response to oxygen-containing compound (PBH = 2.764 × 10−21), and extracellular space (PBH = 2.081 × 10−19). The pathway enrichment analysis showed that complement pathway is the most enriched. The pathway crosstalk study showed that the pathways could be divided into two main modules. These two modules were connected by cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. 42 unique genes potentially participating AMD development were obtained. The aberrant expression of the mRNA of FASN and LRP1 were validated in AMD cell and mouse models. Collectively, our study carried out a comprehensive analysis based on genetic association study of AMD and put forward several evidence-based genes for future study of AMD.
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21
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Li X, Li H, Cheng J, Wang M, Zhong Y, Shi G, Yu AY. Causal Associations of Thyroid Function and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 239:108-114. [PMID: 35176254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether causal association lies between thyroid function and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk in human beings. DESIGN Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. METHODS The single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were selected from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 72,167 individuals of European descent. Summary-level data for AMD were obtained from a GWAS published by the International Age-related Macular Degeneration Genomics Consortium of 33,526 individuals (16,144 cases and 17,832 controls). An inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method was the main MR analysis. Maximum likelihood, weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-pleiotropy residual sum outlier methods were used for the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS An increase of 1 SD in genetically predicted FT4 levels was found to be significantly associated with an 18.9 % increase in the overall AMD risk (P = .005). In the multivariable MR analysis controlling for TSH level, the causal effect of FT4 level on the risk of AMD remained (odds ratio [OR] = 1.207, P = .004). A 1-SD increase in TSH levels was nominally associated with a 10.0% decrease in the overall AMD risk (P = .032). After adjusting for FT4 level by multivariable MR analysis, no direct causal relationship was found between TSH level and AMD risk (95% CI = 0.810, 1.125, P = .582). CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants predisposing to higher FT4 levels within the normal range were associated with higher AMD risk. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism underlying this putative causal relationship.
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22
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Jones AV, MacGregor S, Han X, Francis J, Harris C, Kavanagh D, Lotery A, Waheed N. Evaluating a Causal Relationship between Complement Factor I Protein Level and Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Mendelian Randomization. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100146. [PMID: 35693873 PMCID: PMC9186402 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Importance Risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration (AAMD) is associated with rare genetic variants in the gene encoding Complement factor I (CFI), which is associated with lower circulating CFI protein levels, but the nature of the relationship is unclear. Objective Can genetic factors be used to infer whether low circulating CFI is associated with AAMD risk? Design Two-sample inverse variance weighted Mendelian Randomisation (MR) was used to evaluate evidence for a relationship between CFI levels and AAMD risk, comparing CFI levels from genetically predefined subsets in AAMD and control cohorts. Setting Published genetic and proteomic data was combined with data from cohorts of Geographic Atrophy (GA) patients in a series of MR analyses. Participants We derived genetic instruments for systemic CFI level in 3,301 healthy European participants in the INTERVAL study. To evaluate a genetic causal odds ratio (OR) for the effect of CFI levels on AAMD risk, we used results from a genome-wide association study of 12,711 AAMD cases and 14,590 European controls from the International AMD Genomics Consortium (IAMDGC), and CFI levels from patients entered into the research studies SCOPE and SIGHT. Results We identified one common CFI variant rs7439493 which was strongly associated with low CFI level, explaining 4.8% of phenotypic variance. Using rs7439493 our MR analysis estimated that AAMD odds increased per standard deviation (SD) decrease in CFI level; OR 1.47 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-1.65, P=2.1×10-10). We identified one rare variant (rs141853578 encoding p.Gly119Arg) which was genome-wide significantly associated with CFI levels after imputation; based on this, a 1 SD decrease in CFI leads to increased AAMD odds of 1.79 (95% CI 1.46-2.19, P=1.9×10-8). The rare variant rs141853578 explained a further 1.7% of phenotypic variance. To benchmark the effect of low CFI levels on AAMD odds using a CFI-specific proteomic assay, we estimated the effect using CFI levels from 24 rs141853578 positive GA patients; each 1 SD (3.5μg/mL) reduction in CFI was associated with 1.67 fold increased odds of AAMD (95% CI 1.40-2.00, P=1.85×10-8). Conclusion and relevance Excellent concordance in direction and effect size derived from rare and common variant calculations provide good genetic evidence for a potentially causal role of lower CFI level increasing AAMD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy V. Jones
- Gyroscope Therapeutics Ltd., London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xikun Han
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Claire Harris
- Gyroscope Therapeutics Ltd., London, United Kingdom
- Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David Kavanagh
- Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Lotery
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Waheed
- Gyroscope Therapeutics Ltd., London, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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23
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Lin JB, Halawa OA, Husain D, Miller JW, Vavvas DG. Dyslipidemia in age-related macular degeneration. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36:312-318. [PMID: 35017697 PMCID: PMC8807842 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-rich drusen are the sine qua non of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in older adults in the developed world. Efforts directed at uncovering effective therapeutic strategies have led to the hypothesis that altered lipid metabolism may play a pathogenic role in AMD. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that: (1) drusen, the hallmark histopathologic feature of AMD, are composed of lipids, (2) polymorphisms of genes involved in lipid homeostasis are associated with increased odds of AMD, (3) metabolomics studies show that patients with AMD have alterations in metabolites from lipid pathways, and (4) alterations in serum lipid profiles as a reflection of systemic dyslipidemia are associated with AMD. There is strong evidence that statins, which are well described for treating dyslipidemia and reducing risk associated with cardiovascular disease, may have a role for treating certain cohorts of AMD patients, but this has yet to be conclusively proven. Of interest, the specific changes in serum lipoprotein profiles associated with decreased cardiovascular risk (i.e., high HDL levels) have been shown in some studies to be associated with increased risk of AMD. In this review, we highlight the evidence that supports a role for altered lipid metabolism in AMD and provide our perspective regarding the remaining questions that need to be addressed before lipid-based therapies can emerge for specific cohorts of AMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B. Lin
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Omar A. Halawa
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Deeba Husain
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Joan W. Miller
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XRetina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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24
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Zhang X, Qiu B, Gong Z, Chen X, Wang Y, Nie Y. Differentially Regulated Apolipoproteins and Lipid Profiles as Novel Biomarkers for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:946327. [PMID: 35928899 PMCID: PMC9343613 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.946327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid dyshomeostasis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various retinal and choroidal vascular diseases. This study aims to investigate whether apolipoprotein (apo) mediated differential regulation of lipid metabolism contributes to the phenotypes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). This study involved 148 subjects including 53 patients with PCV, 44 patients with nAMD, and 51 age-, sex-matched subjects with normal fundus controls. Routine blood biochemistry profile was evaluated. Apolipoproteins was estimated by Luminex technology. After controlling for age, gender, body mass index, duration of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, apoB/non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p=0.015) was an independent risk factor for nAMD, apoB was an independent risk factor for PCV(p=0.011), compared with control. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly higher in patients with PCV when compared with nAMD (p=0.037). Furthermore, apoB/non-HDL, LDL-C, triglycerides and were significantly correlated with the pathogenesis of subgroups of PCV and nAMD. We concluded that lipid profiles and apos are differential regulated in PCV, nAMD and their subtypes, indicating different pathogenicity contributed to the different phenotypes of PCV and nAMD. Non-pachy PCV shares pathological similarities with nAMD, which is highly correlated with age-related atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Disorders Study Group, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinyuan Zhang,
| | - Bingjie Qiu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Disorders Study Group, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- Division of Medical Affairs, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosi Chen
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Disorders Study Group, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Nie
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Disorders Study Group, Beijing, China
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25
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HDL Cholesterol and Non-Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094547. [PMID: 33925284 PMCID: PMC8123633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has traditionally been considered the “good cholesterol”, and most of the research regarding HDL cholesterol has for decades revolved around the possible role of HDL in atherosclerosis and its therapeutic potential within atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Randomized trials aiming at increasing HDL cholesterol have, however, failed and left questions to what role HDL cholesterol plays in human health and disease. Recent observational studies involving non-cardiovascular diseases have shown that high levels of HDL cholesterol are not necessarily associated with beneficial outcomes as observed for age-related macular degeneration, type II diabetes, dementia, infection, and mortality. In this narrative review, we discuss these interesting associations between HDL cholesterol and non-cardiovascular diseases, covering observational studies, human genetics, and plausible mechanisms.
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