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Xu G, O'Shea N, Drouin G, Pacheco-Pappenheim S, O'Donnell CP, Hogan SA. Application of in-line Raman spectroscopy to monitor crystallization and melting processes in milk fat. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114690. [PMID: 39059946 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and its fractions are used as ingredients in a wide range of food applications. Obtaining the appropriate solid fat content (SFC) is essential to achieve the desired product texture. At present, in-line monitoring techniques to control milk fat crystallization and melting are largely unavailable. The thermal behaviour of milk fat (AMF and four of its fractions) was monitored in a temperature-controlled vessel using an in-line Raman analyser and compared with thermograms generated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The major stages of milk fat crystallization and melting were identified using the in-line Raman analyser. Thermal data from DSC showed excellent linear correlations with Raman spectral data (R2 value of 0.97 for the onset of milk fat crystallisation). Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were developed using Raman spectra to predict SFC with coefficient of determination (R2Cs) from 0.929 to 0.992 and root mean standard error of calibration (RMSECs) ranging from 3.20 to 10.36%. Results demonstrated Raman spectroscopy has significant potential as a way of monitoring milk fat crystallization and melting processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangya Xu
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland; School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Norah O'Shea
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gaetan Drouin
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sara Pacheco-Pappenheim
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland; Dairy Processing and Technology Centre, University of Limerick, Sreelane, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Colm P O'Donnell
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sean A Hogan
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
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2
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Taunk K, Jajula S, Bhavsar PP, Choudhari M, Bhanuse S, Tamhankar A, Naiya T, Kalita B, Rapole S. The prowess of metabolomics in cancer research: current trends, challenges and future perspectives. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05041-w. [PMID: 38814423 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Cancer due to its heterogeneous nature and large prevalence has tremendous socioeconomic impacts on populations across the world. Therefore, it is crucial to discover effective panels of biomarkers for diagnosing cancer at an early stage. Cancer leads to alterations in cell growth and differentiation at the molecular level, some of which are very unique. Therefore, comprehending these alterations can aid in a better understanding of the disease pathology and identification of the biomolecules that can serve as effective biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Metabolites, among other biomolecules of interest, play a key role in the pathophysiology of cancer whose levels are significantly altered while 'reprogramming the energy metabolism', a cellular condition favored in cancer cells which is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Metabolomics, an emerging omics technology has tremendous potential to contribute towards the goal of investigating cancer metabolites or the metabolic alterations during the development of cancer. Diverse metabolites can be screened in a variety of biofluids, and tumor tissues sampled from cancer patients against healthy controls to capture the altered metabolism. In this review, we provide an overview of different metabolomics approaches employed in cancer research and the potential of metabolites as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. In addition, we discuss the challenges associated with metabolomics-driven cancer research and gaze upon the prospects of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushman Taunk
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, NH12 Simhat, Haringhata, Nadia, West Bengal, 741249, India
| | - Saikiran Jajula
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Praneeta Pradip Bhavsar
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Mahima Choudhari
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Sadanand Bhanuse
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Anup Tamhankar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre, Erandawne, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
| | - Tufan Naiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, NH12 Simhat, Haringhata, Nadia, West Bengal, 741249, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India.
| | - Srikanth Rapole
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
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3
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Leng W, He S, Lu B, Thirumalai RVKG, Nayanathara RMO, Shi J, Zhang R, Zhang X. Raman imaging: An indispensable technique to comprehend the functionalization of lignocellulosic material. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:159-174. [PMID: 35981669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing demands on sustainability in the material science and engineering landscape, the use of wood, a renewable and biodegradable material, for new material development has drawn increasing attentions in the materials science community. To promote the development of new wood-based materials, it is critical to understanding not only wood's hierarchical structure from molecule to macroscale level, but also the interactions of wood with other materials and chemicals upon modification and functionalization. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the Raman imaging technique, a new approach that combines spectroscopy and microscopy, in wood characterization and structural evolution monitoring during functionalization. We introduce the principles of Raman spectroscopy and common Raman instrumentations. We survey the use of traditional Raman spectroscopy for lignocellulosic material characterizations including cellulose crystallinity determination, holocellulose discrimination, and lignin substructure evaluation. We briefly review the recent studies on wood property enhancement and functional wood-based material development through wood modification including thermal treatment, acetylation, furfurylation, methacrylation, delignification. Subsequently, we highlight the use of the Raman imaging for visualization, spatial and temporal distribution of wood cell wall structure, as well as the microstructure evolution upon functionalization. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Leng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng He
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Buyun Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - R M Oshani Nayanathara
- Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, United States
| | - Jiangtao Shi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, United States.
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4
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Pizzo JS, da Silva JM, Santos PDS, Visentainer JV, Santos OO. Fast and eco-friendly method using atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry to characterize orange varieties. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2022; 57:e4828. [PMID: 35578570 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Orange fruit is one of the most popular types of fruit in the world, and its juice is the main product of its processing. This study aimed to evaluate a simple, fast, and eco-friendly methodology, atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry (ASAP-MS), to assess the chemical profile of four oranges varieties (Valencia, Folha Murcha, Pera, and Iapar). The oranges' varieties were evaluated for the physicochemical composition (extraction yield, pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids [TSS], °Brix), ratio (TSS/TA), and bioactive compounds (ASAP-MS analysis). The characterization of oranges resulted in great values of oranges yield according to the varieties (44.00-48.10% [w/w], adequate and characteristic acidity [0.73-1.35%], soluble solids content (10.24-13.80°Brix), pH (3.30-3.96), and ratio (7.59-19.90) level for this fruit. This powerful method showed that all analysis procedures were simple, fast, and easy because there is no need to prepare the sample and the analysis time lasted 2 min. Besides, results obtained exhibited a vast array of chemical groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) defined and distinguished the varieties of the orange. Therefore, ASAP-MS and PCA showed that they are very attractive candidates for routine analysis to monitor the varieties of the orange with its pronounced advantages, besides being contributing to the environment because it does not use any quantities of organic solvents. This methodology was applied for the first time to this type of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jesui Vergilio Visentainer
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
| | - Oscar Oliveira Santos
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
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5
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Han ZZ, Kang SG, Arce L, Westaway D. Prion-like strain effects in tauopathies. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 392:179-199. [PMID: 35460367 PMCID: PMC9034081 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that plays crucial roles in physiology and pathophysiology. In the realm of dementia, tau protein misfolding is associated with a wide spectrum of clinicopathologically diverse neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as tauopathies. As proposed by the tau strain hypothesis, the intrinsic heterogeneity of tauopathies may be explained by the existence of structurally distinct tau conformers, “strains”. Tau strains can differ in their associated clinical features, neuropathological profiles, and biochemical signatures. Although prior research into infectious prion proteins offers valuable lessons for studying how a protein-only pathogen can encompass strain diversity, the underlying mechanism by which tau subtypes are generated remains poorly understood. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding different tau conformers through in vivo and in vitro experimental paradigms, and the implications of heterogeneity of pathological tau species for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhuang Han
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, 204 Brain and Aging Research Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sang-Gyun Kang
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, 204 Brain and Aging Research Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Luis Arce
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, 204 Brain and Aging Research Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Westaway
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, 204 Brain and Aging Research Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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6
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Antonecchia E, Bäcker M, Cafolla D, Ciardiello M, Kühl C, Pagnani G, Wang J, Wang S, Zhou F, D'Ascenzo N, Gialanella L, Pisante M, Rose G, Xie Q. Design Study of a Novel Positron Emission Tomography System for Plant Imaging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:736221. [PMID: 35116047 PMCID: PMC8805640 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.736221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Positron Emission Tomography is a non-disruptive and high-sensitive digital imaging technique which allows to measure in-vivo and non invasively the changes of metabolic and transport mechanisms in plants. When it comes to the early assessment of stress-induced alterations of plant functions, plant PET has the potential of a major breakthrough. The development of dedicated plant PET systems faces a series of technological and experimental difficulties, which make conventional clinical and preclinical PET systems not fully suitable to agronomy. First, the functional and metabolic mechanisms of plants depend on environmental conditions, which can be controlled during the experiment if the scanner is transported into the growing chamber. Second, plants need to be imaged vertically, thus requiring a proper Field Of View. Third, the transverse Field of View needs to adapt to the different plant shapes, according to the species and the experimental protocols. In this paper, we perform a simulation study, proposing a novel design of dedicated plant PET scanners specifically conceived to address these agronomic issues. We estimate their expected sensitivity, count rate performance and spatial resolution, and we identify these specific features, which need to be investigated when realizing a plant PET scanner. Finally, we propose a novel approach to the measurement and verification of the performance of plant PET systems, including the design of dedicated plant phantoms, in order to provide a standard evaluation procedure for this emerging digital imaging agronomic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Antonecchia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Markus Bäcker
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Research Campus STIMULATE, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniele Cafolla
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Charlotte Kühl
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Research Campus STIMULATE, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Giancarlo Pagnani
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Jiale Wang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of University of Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of University of Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nicola D'Ascenzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Lucio Gialanella
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Michele Pisante
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Georg Rose
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Research Campus STIMULATE, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Qingguo Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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7
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Luu T, Li W, O'Brien‐Simpson NM, Hong Y. Recent Applications of Aggregation Induced Emission Probes for Antimicrobial Peptide Studies. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1027-1040. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Luu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Wenyi Li
- Bio21 Institute University of Melbourne Centre for Oral Health Research Melbourne Dental School Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Neil M. O'Brien‐Simpson
- Bio21 Institute University of Melbourne Centre for Oral Health Research Melbourne Dental School Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne VIC 3086 Australia
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8
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Amer B, Baidoo EEK. Omics-Driven Biotechnology for Industrial Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:613307. [PMID: 33708762 PMCID: PMC7940536 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.613307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomanufacturing is a key component of biotechnology that uses biological systems to produce bioproducts of commercial relevance, which are of great interest to the energy, material, pharmaceutical, food, and agriculture industries. Biotechnology-based approaches, such as synthetic biology and metabolic engineering are heavily reliant on "omics" driven systems biology to characterize and understand metabolic networks. Knowledge gained from systems biology experiments aid the development of synthetic biology tools and the advancement of metabolic engineering studies toward establishing robust industrial biomanufacturing platforms. In this review, we discuss recent advances in "omics" technologies, compare the pros and cons of the different "omics" technologies, and discuss the necessary requirements for carrying out multi-omics experiments. We highlight the influence of "omics" technologies on the production of biofuels and bioproducts by metabolic engineering. Finally, we discuss the application of "omics" technologies to agricultural and food biotechnology, and review the impact of "omics" on current COVID-19 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Amer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Edward E. K. Baidoo
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- U.S. Department of Energy, Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, United States
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9
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Mandar BK, Khanal P, Patil BM, Dey YN, Pasha I. In silico analysis of phytoconstituents from Tinospora cordifolia with targets related to diabetes and obesity. In Silico Pharmacol 2021; 9:3. [PMID: 33442530 PMCID: PMC7778662 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-020-00063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, Tinospora cordifolia is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes and obesity; has been evaluated for their anti-diabetic and anti-obese potency in experimental animal models. However, the binding affinity of multiple bioactives with various proteins involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity has not been reported yet. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the binding affinity of multiple bioactives from T. cordifolia with various targets involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity. The ligands and targets were retrieved from the PubChem and Protein Data Bank respectively and docked using autodock4.0. Druglikeness and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profile were predicted using Molsoft and admetSAR1 respectively. The multiple bioactives from T. cordifolia were identified to interact with multiple proteins involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes/obesity, i.e., isocolumbin (- 9 kcal/mol) with adiponectin (PDB: 4DOU), β-sitosterol (- 10.9 kcal/mol) with cholesteryl ester transfer protein (PDB: 2OBD), tinocordiside (- 6.9 kcal/mol) with lamin A/C (PDB: 3GEF), berberine (- 9.5 kcal/mol) with JNK1 (PDB:3ELJ), β-sitosterol & isocolumbin (- 10.1 kcal/mol) with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PDB:4CI5), berberine (- 7.5 kcal/mol) with suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (PDB: 2BBU), isocolumbin (- 9.6 kcal/mol) with pancreatic α-amylase (PDB: 1B2Y), isocolumbin (- 9 kcal/mol) with α-glucosidase (PDB: 3TOP), and β-sitosterol (- 10.8 kcal/mol) with aldose reductase (PDB: 3RX2). Similarly, among the selected bioactives, tembetarine scored highest druglikeness score, i.e., 1.21. In contrast, isocolumbin scored lowest drug-likeness character i.e. - 0.52. The predicted result of phytochemicals from T. cordifolia for acute oral toxicity, rat acute toxicity, fish toxicity, drug-likeness score, and aqueous solubility showed the probability of lower side/adverse effects in human consumption. The study suggests processing for bioactives from T. cordifolia against diabetes and obesity via in-vitro and in-vivo approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijendra K. Mandar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, Karnataka 590010 India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, Karnataka 590010 India
| | - B. M. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, Karnataka 590010 India
| | - Yadu Nandan Dey
- School of Pharmaceutical Technology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126 India
| | - Ismail Pasha
- Department of Pharmacology, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara University, Asmara, Eritrea
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10
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Bheemanapally K, Ibrahim MMH, Briski KP. High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS) methodology for analysis of amino acid energy substrates in microwave-fixed microdissected brain tissue. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 184:113123. [PMID: 32120188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia deprives the brain of its primary energy source glucose. Reductions in whole-brain amino acid energy substrate levels suggest that these non-glucose fuels may be metabolized during glucose shortage. Recurring hypoglycemia can cause mal-adaptive impairment of glucose counter-regulation; yet, it is unclear if amplified reliance upon alternative metabolic substrates impedes detection of continuing neuro-glucopenia. This research aimed to develop high-sensitivity UHPLC-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS) methodology, for complementary use with high-neuroanatomical resolution microdissection tools, for measurement of glucogenic amino acid, e.g. glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (Asp) content in the characterized glucose-sensing ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) during acute versus chronic hypoglycemia. Results show that VMN tissue Gln, Glu, and Asp levels were significantly decreased during a single hypoglycemic episode, and that Gln and Asp measures were correspondingly normalized or further diminished during renewed hypoglycemia. Results provide proof-of-principle that LC-ESI-MS has requisite sensitivity for amino acid energy substrate quantification in distinctive brain gluco-regulatory structures under conditions of eu- versus hypoglycemia. This novel combinatory methodology will support ongoing efforts to determine how amino acid energy yield may impact VMN metabolic sensory function during persistent hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaggeswar Bheemanapally
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201, United States(1)
| | - Mostafa M H Ibrahim
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201, United States(1)
| | - Karen P Briski
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201, United States(1).
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11
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Sborchia M, De Prez EG, Antoine MH, Bienfait L, Indra R, Valbuena G, Phillips DH, Nortier JL, Stiborová M, Keun HC, Arlt VM. The impact of p53 on aristolochic acid I-induced nephrotoxicity and DNA damage in vivo and in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3345-3366. [PMID: 31602497 PMCID: PMC6823306 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to aristolochic acid (AA) is associated with human nephropathy and urothelial cancer. The tumour suppressor TP53 is a critical gene in carcinogenesis and frequently mutated in AA-induced urothelial tumours. We investigated the impact of p53 on AAI-induced nephrotoxicity and DNA damage in vivo by treating Trp53(+/+), Trp53(+/-) and Trp53(-/-) mice with 3.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) AAI daily for 2 or 6 days. Renal histopathology showed a gradient of intensity in proximal tubular injury from Trp53(+/+) to Trp53(-/-) mice, especially after 6 days. The observed renal injury was supported by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic measurements, where a consistent Trp53 genotype-dependent trend was observed for urinary metabolites that indicate aminoaciduria (i.e. alanine), lactic aciduria (i.e. lactate) and glycosuria (i.e. glucose). However, Trp53 genotype had no impact on AAI-DNA adduct levels, as measured by 32P-postlabelling, in either target (kidney and bladder) or non-target (liver) tissues, indicating that the underlying mechanisms of p53-related AAI-induced nephrotoxicity cannot be explained by differences in AAI genotoxicity. Performing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on kidney tissues showed metabolic pathways affected by AAI treatment, but again Trp53 status did not clearly impact on such metabolic profiles. We also cultured primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Trp53(+/+), Trp53(+/-) and Trp53(-/-) mice and exposed them to AAI in vitro (50 µM for up to 48 h). We found that Trp53 genotype impacted on the expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (Nqo1), a key enzyme involved in AAI bioactivation. Nqo1 induction was highest in Trp53(+/+) MEFs and lowest in Trp53(-/-) MEFs; and it correlated with AAI-DNA adduct formation, with lowest adduct levels being observed in AAI-exposed Trp53(-/-) MEFs. Overall, our results clearly demonstrate that p53 status impacts on AAI-induced renal injury, but the underlying mechanism(s) involved remain to be further explored. Despite the impact of p53 on AAI bioactivation and DNA damage in vitro, such effects were not observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Sborchia
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Eric G De Prez
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Department of Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Hélène Antoine
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Department of Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucie Bienfait
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, 128 40, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Valbuena
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David H Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Joëlle L Nortier
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Department of Experimental Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, 128 40, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hector C Keun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial and progressive disease affecting whole synovial joint. The extract pathogenic mechanisms and diagnostic biomarkers of OA remain unclear. In this article, we review the studies related to metabolomics of OA, discuss the biomarkers as a tool for early OA diagnosis. Furthermore, we examine the major studies on the application of metabolomics methodology in the complex context of OA and create a bridge from findings in basic science to their clinical utility. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, the tissue metabolomics signature permits a view into transitional phases between the healthy and OA joint. Both nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approaches have been used to interrogate the metabolic alterations that may indicate the complex progression of OA. Specifically, studies on alterations pertaining to lipids, glucose, and amino acid metabolism have aided in the understanding of the complex pathogenesis of OA. The discovery of identified metabolites could be important for diagnosis and staging of OA, as well as for the assessment of efficacy of new drugs.
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Jung YH, Kim H, Jeon SY, Kwon JM, Lee D, Choi SH, Kang DH. Aberrant interactions of peripheral measures and neurometabolites with lipids in complex regional pain syndrome using magnetic resonance spectroscopy: A pilot study. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806917751323. [PMID: 29336203 PMCID: PMC5774727 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917751323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess peripheral measures and central metabolites associated with lipids using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results Twelve patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and 11 healthy controls participated. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we measured the levels of lipid 13a (Lip13a) and lipid 09 (Lip09) relative to total creatine (tCr) levels in the right and left thalamus. We found negative correlations of Lip13a/tCr in the right thalamus with red blood cells or neutrophils, but a positive correlation between Lip13a/tCr and lymphocytes in the controls. We found negative correlations between Lip09/tCr and peripheral pH or platelets in the controls. There were positive correlations between Lip09a/tCr and myo-inositol/tCr, between Lip13a/tCr and N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/tCr, and between Lip09/tCr and NAA/tCr in healthy controls. On the other hand, there were positive correlations between Lip13a/tCr and Lip09/tCr and urine pH in CRPS patients. There were significant correlations between Lip13a/tCr or Lip09/tCr and different peripheral measures depending on the side of the thalamus (right or left) in CRPS patients. Conclusion This is the first report indicating that abnormal interactions of Lip13a and Lip09 in the thalamus with peripheral measures and central metabolites may mediate the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CRPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ha Jung
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- 2 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Kwon
- 3 Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dasom Lee
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Hee Choi
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. J Neurol 2018; 266:1293-1302. [PMID: 30120563 PMCID: PMC6517561 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been crucial to the understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms behind and clinical identification of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MRI modalities show patterns of brain damage that discriminate AD from other brain illnesses and brain abnormalities that are associated with risk of conversion to AD from MCI and other behavioural outcomes. This review discusses the application of various MRI techniques to and their clinical usefulness in AD and MCI. MRI modalities covered include structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), arterial spin labelling (ASL), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and functional MRI (fMRI). There is much evidence supporting the validity of MRI as a biomarker for these disorders; however, only traditional structural imaging is currently recommended for routine use in clinical settings. Future research is needed to warrant the inclusion for more advanced MRI methodology in forthcoming revisions to diagnostic criteria for AD and MCI.
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Zhang H, Mei J, Chen S, Wu X. Nondestructive prediction and visualization of plumpness in live Eriocheir sinensis using low-field 1 H magnetic resonance imaging. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4184-4190. [PMID: 29406600 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plumpness of hepatopancreas and gonad tissues in live Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) depends on the grading scale and its commercial value. In this work, a low-field T1 -weighted 1 H magnetic resonance imaging (LF-1 H MRI) technique was developed to nondestructively analyze the plumpness of hepatopancreas and gonad tissues in live E. sinensis. Both male and female E. sinensis were characterized by two-dimensional (2D) LF-1 H MRI. Moreover, a three-dimensional (3D) LF-1 H MRI model that quantitatively integrated the total volume of lipid tissues in live E. sinensis was used. RESULTS The results showed 2D LF-1 H MRI could accurately discriminate the plumpness of hepatopancreas and gonad tissues in live E. sinensis. The results of the 3D LF-1 H MRI model displayed that the lipid volume of E. sinensis could be used to quantify lipid accumulation in lipid tissues. CONCLUSION LF-1 H MRI technology was successfully developed to accurately discriminate the development of E. sinensis hepatopancreas and gonad tissues in a nondestructive manner, indicating its application potential in grading commercial live crabs or advising crab farmers on breeding and fattening processes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Products Quality & Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai) at China Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Lingang New District, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Lingang New District, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources at China Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Lingang New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Mei
- Laboratory of Aquatic Products Quality & Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai) at China Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Lingang New District, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Lingang New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunsheng Chen
- Laboratory of Aquatic Products Quality & Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai) at China Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Lingang New District, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Lingang New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xugan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources at China Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Lingang New District, Shanghai, China
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Jung YH, Kim H, Jeon SY, Kwon JM, Lee WJ, Kim YC, Jang JH, Choi SH, Lee JY, Kang DH. Brain Metabolites and Peripheral Biomarkers Associated with Neuroinflammation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Using [11C]-(R)-PK11195 Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Pilot Study. PAIN MEDICINE 2018; 20:504-514. [DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ha Jung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Kwon
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Joon Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Hee Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine & SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Song L, Zhang H, Chen S. A novel non-destructive manner for quantitative determination of plumpness of live Eriocheir sinensis using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. Food Res Int 2018; 105:298-304. [PMID: 29433219 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the quantitative and non-destructive determination of Eriocheir sinensis' plumpness during four mature stages using low field-nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-1H NMR). Normalized lipid volume of live E. sinensis was calculated from Sept to Dec using 3D LF-1H nuclear magnetic imaging (MRI) and the validity of proposed technique was compared and verified with traditional Soxhlet extraction and live dissection method, respectively. The results showed the plumpness of female E. sinensis was higher than that of male ones from Sept to Dec and the highest plumpness of male and female E. sinensis reached 99,436.44 and 109,207.15mm3 in Oct. The normalized lipid volume of live male and female E. sinensis had a positive correlation with lipid content. This proposed method with short assay time, favorable selectivity, and accuracy demonstrated its application potential in grading regulation and quality evaluation of live E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New District, Shanghai 201306, China; Laboratory of Aquatic Products Quality & Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai) at China Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New District, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hongcai Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New District, Shanghai 201306, China; Laboratory of Aquatic Products Quality & Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai) at China Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New District, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Shunsheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New District, Shanghai 201306, China; Laboratory of Aquatic Products Quality & Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai) at China Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New District, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Jurowski K, Kochan K, Walczak J, Barańska M, Piekoszewski W, Buszewski B. Analytical Techniques in Lipidomics: State of the Art. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:418-437. [PMID: 28340309 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1310613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current studies related to lipid identification and determination, or lipidomics in biological samples, are one of the most important issues in modern bioanalytical chemistry. There are many articles dedicated to specific analytical strategies used in lipidomics in various kinds of biological samples. However, in such literature, there is a lack of articles dedicated to a comprehensive review of the actual analytical methodologies used in lipidomics. The aim of this article is to characterize the lipidomics methods used in modern bioanalysis according to the methodological point of view: (1) chromatography/separation methods, (2) spectroscopic methods and (3) mass spectrometry and also hyphenated methods. In the first part, we discussed thin layer chromatography (TLC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The second part includes spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy (RS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The third part is a synthetic review of mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), hyphenated methods, which include liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and also multidimensional techniques. Other aspects are the possibilities of the application of the described methods in lipidomics studies. Due to the fact that the exploration of new methods of lipidomics analysis and their applications in clinical and medical studies are still challenging for researchers working in life science, we hope that this review article will be very useful for readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jurowski
- a Kraków Higher School of Health Promotion , Krakow , Poland
| | - Kamila Kochan
- b Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) , Jagiellonian University in Cracow , Cracow , Poland.,c Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Justyna Walczak
- d Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Barańska
- b Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) , Jagiellonian University in Cracow , Cracow , Poland.,e Department of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University in Cracow , Cracow , Poland
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- f Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University in Cracow , Cracow , Poland.,g School of Biomedicine , Far Eastern Federal University , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- d Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
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Urine and Serum Metabolomics Analyses May Distinguish between Stages of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7010006. [PMID: 28165361 PMCID: PMC5372209 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous disease that is usually asymptomatic until late in the disease. There is an urgent need for RCC specific biomarkers that may be exploited clinically for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Preoperative fasting urine and serum samples were collected from patients with clinical renal masses and assessed with 1H NMR and GCMS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) based metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis. Alterations in levels of glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates were detected in RCC relative to benign masses. Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis plots discriminated between benign vs. pT1 (R2 = 0.46, Q2 = 0.28; AUC = 0.83), benign vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.58, Q2 = 0.37; AUC = 0.87) for 1H NMR-analyzed serum and between benign vs. pT1 (R2 = 0.50, Q2 = 0.37; AUC = 0.83), benign vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.72, Q2 = 0.68, AUC = 0.98) for urine samples. Separation was observed between benign vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.63, Q2 = 0.48; AUC = 0.93), pT1 vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.70, Q2 = 0.54) for GCMS-analyzed serum and between benign vs. pT3 (R2Y = 0.87; Q2 = 0.70; AUC = 0.98) for urine samples. This pilot study suggests that urine and serum metabolomics may be useful in differentiating benign renal tumors from RCC and for staging RCC.
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Nath J, Smith TB, Patel K, Ebbs SR, Hollis A, Tennant DA, Ludwig C, Ready AR. Metabolic differences between cold stored and machine perfused porcine kidneys: A 1 H NMR based study. Cryobiology 2017; 74:115-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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MRI and MRS on preserved samples as a tool in fish ecology. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 38:39-46. [PMID: 27998746 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) gain increasing attention and importance as a tool in marine ecology. So far, studies were largely limited to morphological studies, e.g. for the creation of digital libraries. Here, the utility of MRI and MRS for ecologists is tested and exemplified using formalin preserved samples of the Antarctic silverfish, Pleuragramma antarctica. As this species lacks a swim bladder, buoyancy is attained by the deposition of large amounts of lipids that are mainly stored in subcutaneous and intermuscular lipid sacs. In this study MRI and MRS are not only used to study internal morphology, but additionally to investigate functional morphology and to measure parameters of high ecological interest. The data are compared with literature data obtained by means of traditional ecological methods. The results from this study show that MR scans are not only an alternative to histological sections (as shown before), but even allow the visualization of particular features in delicate soft tissues, such as Pleuragramma's lipid sacs. 3D rendering techniques proved to be a useful tool to study organ volumes and lipid content, which usually requires laborious chemical lipid extraction and analysis. Moreover, the application of MRS even allows for an analysis of lipids and fatty acids within lipid sacs, which wouldn't be possible using destructive methods. MRI and MRS, in particular when used in combination, have the capacity to provide useful data on parameters of high ecological relevance and thus have proven to be a highly valuable addition, if not alternative, to the classical methods.
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Zhang T, Wang W, Huang J, Liu X, Zhang H, Zhang N. Metabolomic investigation of regional brain tissue dysfunctions induced by global cerebral ischemia. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:25. [PMID: 27206925 PMCID: PMC4875627 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To get a broader view of global ischemia-induced cerebral disorders at the metabolic level, a nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic study was performed to evaluate the metabolic profile changes on regional brain tissues of female and male mice upon bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) operation. Results Significant metabolic disorders were observed in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues of the experimental mice upon global cerebral ischemic attack. Multiple amino acids were identified as the dominantly perturbed metabolites. It was also shown that although the metabolic profile change patterns in the brain tissues were quite similar in male and female BCCAO mice, metabolic disorders in the cortex tissues were more severe in the female mice than in the male mice. Conclusions In the present study, significant changes in amino acid metabolic pathways were confirmed in the early stage of global ischemia. Meanwhile, cerebral metabolic dysfunctions were more severe in the female BCCAO mice than in the male mice, suggesting that gender may play a role in different metabolic responses to the ischemic attack, which may provide an important hypothesis for a better understanding of the clinically observed gender-dependent pathological outcome of cerebral ischemia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-016-0256-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Naixia Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Goncalves S, Stevens TK, Doyle-Pettypiece P, Bartha R, Duggal N. N-acetylaspartate in the motor and sensory cortices following functional recovery after surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. J Neurosurg Spine 2016; 25:436-443. [PMID: 27176111 DOI: 10.3171/2016.2.spine15944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common cause of reversible spinal cord dysfunction in people over the age of 55 years. Following surgery for symptomatic CSM, patients demonstrate motor improvement early in the postoperative course, whereas sensory improvement can lag behind. The authors of the present study hypothesized that changes in the concentration of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the motor and sensory cortices in the brain would emulate the time course of neurological recovery following decompression surgery for CSM. Their aim was to compare and contrast how metabolite levels in the motor and sensory cortices change after surgery to reverse downstream spinal cord compression. METHODS Twenty-four patients with CSM and 8 control subjects were studied using proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) images acquired on a 3.0-T Siemens MRI unit. The 1H-MRS data (TE 135 msec, TR 2000 msec) were acquired to measure absolute levels of NAA from the motor and sensory cortices in the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the side of greater deficit at baseline in each subject. Data were also acquired at 6 weeks and 6 months following surgery. Control subjects were also evaluated at 6 weeks and 6 months following baseline data acquisition. Neurological function was measured in each subject at all time points using the Neck Disability Index (NDI), modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) questionnaire, and the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) neurological classification. RESULTS In the motor cortex of patients, NAA levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at 6 weeks and 6 months postsurgery compared with baseline levels. In the sensory cortex of patients, NAA levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) only at 6 months after surgery compared with baseline and 6-week levels. No significant changes in NAA were found in control subjects. Clinical scores demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) motor recovery by 6 weeks, whereas sensory improvements (p < 0.05) appeared at only 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that metabolite changes in both the motor and sensory cortices mimic the time course of functional motor and sensory recovery in patients with CSM. The temporal course of neurological recovery may be influenced by metabolic changes in respective cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Goncalves
- Department of Medical Biophysics.,Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University; and
| | - Todd K Stevens
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University; and
| | - Patricia Doyle-Pettypiece
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Department of Medical Biophysics.,Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University; and
| | - Neil Duggal
- Department of Medical Biophysics.,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
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Garip S, Bayari SH, Severcan M, Abbas S, Lednev IK, Severcan F. Structural effects of simvastatin on liver rat [corrected] tissue: Fourier transform infrared and Raman microspectroscopic studies. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:25008. [PMID: 26891599 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.2.025008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Simvastatin is one of the most frequently prescribed statins because of its efficacy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, reducing cardiovascular risk and related mortality. Determination of its side effects on different tissues is mandatory to improve safe use of this drug. In the present study, the effects of simvastatin on molecular composition and structure of healthy rat livers were investigated by Fourier transform infrared and Raman imaging. Simvastatin-treated groups received 50 mg/kg/day simvastatin for 30 days. The ratio of the area and/or intensity of the bands assigned to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids were calculated to get information about the drug-induced changes in tissues. Loss of unsaturation, accumulation of end products of lipid peroxidation, and alterations in lipid-to-protein ratio were observed in the treated group. Protein secondary structure studies revealed significant decrease in α-helix and increase in random coil, while native β-sheet decreases and aggregated β-sheet increases in treated group implying simvastatin-induced protein denaturation. Moreover, groups were successfully discriminated using principal component analysis. Consequently, high-dose simvastatin treatment induces hepatic lipid peroxidation and changes in molecular content and protein secondary structure, implying the risk of liver disorders in drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebnem Garip
- Istanbul Kemerburgaz University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mahmutbey Dilmenler Caddesi, No: 26, Istanbul 34217, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Haman Bayari
- Hacettepe University, Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Beytepe Campus, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Mete Severcan
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dumlupinar Bulvari, No: 1, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Sherif Abbas
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dumlupinar Bulvari, No: 1, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Igor K Lednev
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Feride Severcan
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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Wang T, Lee HG. Advances in research on cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid: a major functional conjugated linoleic acid isomer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:720-31. [PMID: 24915361 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.674071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) consists of a group of positional and geometric conjugated isomers of linoleic acid. Since the identification of CLA as a factor that can inhibit mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, thousands of studies have been conducted in the last several decades. Among the many isomers discovered, cis-9, trans-11 CLA is the most intensively studied because of its multiple, isomer-specific effects in humans and animals. This paper provides an overview of the available data on cis-9, trans-11 CLA, including its isomer-specific effects, biosynthesis, in vivo/in vitro research models, quantification, and the factors influencing its content in ruminant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- a Department of Animal Science, and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology , Konkuk University , 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
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Chen L, Liu RH, Zhuang WD, Liu YH, Hu YS, Zhou XF, Gao W, Ma XL. Structure, photoluminescence, and thermal quenching properties of Eu doped Sr2AlxSi5−xN8−x/3red phosphors. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00253b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ohka F, Ito M, Ranjit M, Senga T, Motomura A, Motomura K, Saito K, Kato K, Kato Y, Wakabayashi T, Soga T, Natsume A. Quantitative metabolome analysis profiles activation of glutaminolysis in glioma with IDH1 mutation. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5911-20. [PMID: 24590270 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), which localizes to the cytosol and peroxisomes, catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and in parallel converts NADP(+) to NADPH. IDH1 mutations are frequently detected in grades 2-4 gliomas and in acute myeloid leukemias (AML). Mutations of IDH1 have been identified at codon 132, with arginine being replaced with histidine in most cases. Mutant IDH1 gains novel enzyme activity converting α-KG to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) which acts as a competitive inhibitor of α-KG. As a result, the activity of α-KG-dependent enzyme is reduced. Based on these findings, 2-HG has been proposed to be an oncometabolite. In this study, we established HEK293 and U87 cells that stably expressed IDH1-WT and IDH1-R132H and investigated the effect of glutaminase inhibition on cell proliferation with 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON). We found that cell proliferation was suppressed in IDH1-R132H cells. The addition of α-KG restored cell proliferation. The metabolic features of 33 gliomas with wild type IDH1 (IDH1-WT) and with IDH1-R132H mutation were examined by global metabolome analysis using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS). We showed that the 2-HG levels were highly elevated in gliomas with IDH1-R132H mutation. Intriguingly, in gliomas with IDH1-R132H, glutamine and glutamate levels were significantly reduced which implies replenishment of α-KG by glutaminolysis. Based on these results, we concluded that glutaminolysis is activated in gliomas with IDH1-R132H mutation and that development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting activated glutaminolysis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiharu Ohka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan,
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Gallagher JJ, Zhang X, Hall FS, Uhl GR, Bearer EL, Jacobs RE. Altered reward circuitry in the norepinephrine transporter knockout mouse. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57597. [PMID: 23469209 PMCID: PMC3587643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine are modulated by their respective plasma membrane transporters, albeit with a few exceptions. Monoamine transporters remove monoamines from the synaptic cleft and thus influence the degree and duration of signaling. Abnormal concentrations of these neuronal transmitters are implicated in a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including addiction, depression, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This work concentrates on the norepinephrine transporter (NET), using a battery of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging techniques and histological correlates to probe the effects of genetic deletion of the norepinephrine transporter on brain metabolism, anatomy and functional connectivity. MRS recorded in the striatum of NET knockout mice indicated a lower concentration of NAA that correlates with histological observations of subtle dysmorphisms in the striatum and internal capsule. As with DAT and SERT knockout mice, we detected minimal structural alterations in NET knockout mice by tensor-based morphometric analysis. In contrast, longitudinal imaging after stereotaxic prefrontal cortical injection of manganese, an established neuronal circuitry tracer, revealed that the reward circuit in the NET knockout mouse is biased toward anterior portions of the brain. This is similar to previous results observed for the dopamine transporter (DAT) knockout mouse, but dissimilar from work with serotonin transporter (SERT) knockout mice where Mn2+ tracings extended to more posterior structures than in wildtype animals. These observations correlate with behavioral studies indicating that SERT knockout mice display anxiety-like phenotypes, while NET knockouts and to a lesser extent DAT knockout mice display antidepressant-like phenotypic features. Thus, the mainly anterior activity detected with manganese-enhanced MRI in the DAT and NET knockout mice is likely indicative of more robust connectivity in the frontal portion of the reward circuit of the DAT and NET knockout mice compared to the SERT knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Gallagher
- Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - F. Scott Hall
- Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George R. Uhl
- Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elaine L. Bearer
- Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Russell E. Jacobs
- Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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James ML, Gambhir SS. A molecular imaging primer: modalities, imaging agents, and applications. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:897-965. [PMID: 22535898 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 702] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is revolutionizing the way we study the inner workings of the human body, diagnose diseases, approach drug design, and assess therapies. The field as a whole is making possible the visualization of complex biochemical processes involved in normal physiology and disease states, in real time, in living cells, tissues, and intact subjects. In this review, we focus specifically on molecular imaging of intact living subjects. We provide a basic primer for those who are new to molecular imaging, and a resource for those involved in the field. We begin by describing classical molecular imaging techniques together with their key strengths and limitations, after which we introduce some of the latest emerging imaging modalities. We provide an overview of the main classes of molecular imaging agents (i.e., small molecules, peptides, aptamers, engineered proteins, and nanoparticles) and cite examples of how molecular imaging is being applied in oncology, neuroscience, cardiology, gene therapy, cell tracking, and theranostics (therapy combined with diagnostics). A step-by-step guide to answering biological and/or clinical questions using the tools of molecular imaging is also provided. We conclude by discussing the grand challenges of the field, its future directions, and enormous potential for further impacting how we approach research and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L James
- Molecular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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Long-term assessment of contrast effects of gadofluorine M and gadofluorine P in magnetic resonance imaging of mice. Jpn J Radiol 2011; 30:86-91. [PMID: 22135114 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-011-0009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the long-term time course of the contrast effects after the intravenous injection of gadofluorine M or gadofluorine P in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Magnetic resonance images were acquired longitudinally after intravenous injection of 0.1 μmol Gd/g gadofluorine M into BALB/c mice. The contrast effects were also assessed in C57BL/6J mice injected with gadofluorine M, BALB/c mice injected with gadofluorine P, and BALB/c mice injected with a double dose of gadopentetate dimeglumine. RESULTS The injection of gadofluorine M into BALB/c mice caused prolonged contrast effects in the blood and other organs. The liver enhancement was especially long-lasting and still evident 6 days after injection. Strain-related differences in contrast kinetics of gadofluorine M were not observed between BALB/c mice and C57BL/6J mice. In comparison with gadofluorine M, clearances from the blood, liver, and kidney were more rapid and contrast enhancement in the spleen was generally lower for gadofluorine P. The enhancement in the gallbladder cavity, indicating biliary excretion, was evident only after gadofluorine P injection. Blood enhancement at 10 min was much weaker for gadopentetate dimeglumine. CONCLUSION Both gadofluorine M and gadofluorine P appear to be applicable to blood pool imaging and liver imaging in mice.
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Kiryu S, Inoue Y, Watanabe M, Ohtomo K. Effect of isoflurane anesthesia and hypothermia on the hepatic kinetics of Gd-EOB-DTPA: evaluation using MRI of conscious mice. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34:354-60. [PMID: 21692139 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a method for body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of conscious mice and investigate the effect of isoflurane anesthesia and hypothermia on the hepatic kinetics of gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Conscious or anesthetized mice were restrained on a holder and the rectal temperature was measured serially. Serial MRI of the liver was performed after intravenous injection of Gd-EOB-DTPA with or without temperature control. Three mice were studied for each condition. RESULTS The temperature dropped rapidly in anesthetized mice beside the MR unit. The decline was less prominent in conscious mice. The temperature decreased less in anesthetized mice and remained constant in conscious mice in the radiofrequency (RF) coil. The washout of Gd-EOB-DTPA was slower in anesthetized hypothermic mice than in conscious normothermic mice. Warmed anesthetized mice showed faster washout, and cooled conscious mice showed delayed washout. Severer hypothermia in anesthetized mice resulted in weaker initial enhancement and slower washout. CONCLUSION By separately manipulating the presence or absence of anesthesia and hypothermia, we demonstrated that washout of Gd-EOB-DTPA was delayed under hypothermia, regardless of anesthesia. Serial body MRI of conscious mice was feasible and allowed the evaluation of kinetics of a contrast agent, while excluding the possible effects of anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kiryu
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kagadis GC, Loudos G, Katsanos K, Langer SG, Nikiforidis GC. In vivosmall animal imaging: Current status and future prospects. Med Phys 2010; 37:6421-42. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3515456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
The completed sequencing of genomes has forced upon us the challenge of understanding how the detailed information in the genome gives rise to the specific characteristics--phenotype--of the individual. This is crucial for understanding not only normal development but also, from a medical perspective, the genetic basis of disease. Much of the mammalian genome-to-phenotype relationship will be worked out in the mouse, for which powerful genetic-manipulation tools are available. Mouse imaging combined with powerful statistical methods has a unique and growing role to play in phenotyping genetically modified mice. This review outlines the challenges for image-based phenotyping, summarizes the current state of three-dimensional imaging technologies for the mouse, and highlights new opportunities in systems biology that are opened by imaging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mark Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G1X8, Canada.
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Barbier C, Chabernaud C, Barantin L, Bertrand P, Sembely C, Sirinelli D, Castelnau P, Cottier JP. Proton MR spectroscopic imaging of basal ganglia and thalamus in neurofibromatosis type 1: correlation with T2 hyperintensities. Neuroradiology 2010; 53:141-8. [PMID: 20959972 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-010-0776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is frequently associated with hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted images called "unidentified bright objects" (UBO). To better characterize the functional significance of UBO, we investigate the basal ganglia and thalamus using spectroscopic imaging in children with NF1 and compare the results to anomalies observed on T2-weighted images. METHODS Magnetic resonance (MR) data of 25 children with NF1 were analyzed. On the basis of T2-weighted images analysis, two groups were identified: one with normal MR imaging (UBO- group; n = 10) and one with UBO (UBO+ group; n = 15). Within the UBO+ group, a subpopulation of patients (n = 5) only had lesions of the basal ganglia. We analyzed herein seven regions of interest (ROIs) for each side: caudate nucleus, capsulo-lenticular region, lateral and posterior thalamus, thalamus (lateral and posterior voxels combined), putamen, and striatum. For each ROI, a spectrum of the metabolites and their ratio was obtained. RESULTS Patients with abnormalities on T2-weighted images had significantly lower NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, and NAA/mI ratios in the lateral right thalamus compared with patients with normal T2. These abnormal spectroscopic findings were not observed in capsulo-lenticular regions that had UBO but in the thalamus region that was devoid of UBO. CONCLUSION Multivoxel spectroscopic imaging using short-time echo showed spectroscopic abnormalities in the right thalamus of NF1 patients harboring UBO, which were mainly located in the basal ganglia. This finding could reflect the anatomical and functional interactions of these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Barbier
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHRU & Tours University, Tours 37000, France
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Kiryu S, Inoue Y, Yoshikawa K, Shimada M, Watanabe M, Ohtomo K. Diet and gastrointestinal signal on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of mice. Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 28:273-80. [PMID: 20061108 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of small animals, the gastrointestinal contents may give rise to intense signals on T1-weighted images. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dietary preparation to reduce gastrointestinal signals in mice and to evaluate the usefulness of this approach. Images of the mouse trunk were obtained using a T1-weighted, three-dimensional fast low-angle shot sequence under various dietary conditions and were compared with respect to the gastrointestinal signals and image quality. The dietary preparation studied included giving alternative diets for 24 h, intestinal cleansing, and 6-h fasting. Mice with and without dietary preparation underwent MR lymphography using gadofluorine 8, and the visualization of abdominal lymph nodes was compared. In the absence of dietary preparation, hyperintense areas were conspicuous in the gastrointestinal system, whereas on the images taken from mice fed potato or sweet potato for 24 h before imaging, gastrointestinal hyperintensity was less prominent. This preparation also reduced artifactual signals and resulted in higher-quality images of the kidneys. Intestinal cleansing, which consisted of 24-h fasting and laxative intake, did not reduce the gastrointestinal signals and caused signal changes that were indicative of fatty liver development. Some of the abdominal lymph nodes of the mice that did not receive dietary preparation were visualized on MR lymphography source images but not on maximum intensity projection (MIP) images. In contrast, on the MIP images of mice fed potato, all the lymph nodes delineated on the source images were successfully visualized. In conclusion, feeding mice potato or sweet potato for 24 h before MR imaging reduces the gastrointestinal signals and image degradation due to artifacts. Appropriate dietary preparations facilitate the display of target structures on MIP images and are expected to enhance the capabilities of small animal MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kiryu
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Obenaus A, Ashwal S. Magnetic resonance imaging in cerebral ischemia: focus on neonates. Neuropharmacology 2008; 55:271-80. [PMID: 18601935 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has dramatically changed our ability to diagnose and treat stroke as well as follow its evolution and response to treatment. Early stroke and ischemia can be visualized using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), which utilizes proton diffusion within tissues as a reporter for evolving neuropathology that reflects cytotoxic edema, particularly during the first several days after injury. Historically, T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) has been used for evaluation of vasogenic edema and also is a reliable indicator of injured tissue late after injury. While visual analysis of MR data can provide information about the evolution of injury, quantitative analyses allow definitive and objective evaluations of injury size and location and the effectiveness of novel therapeutic strategies. We review the clinical basis of imaging for stroke and ischemia diagnosis and the methods for post-processing of MR data that could provide novel insights into the evolution and pathophysiology of stroke in the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Obenaus
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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Inoue Y, Nomura Y, Haishi T, Yoshikawa K, Seki T, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Kai C, Okubo T, Ohtomo K. Imaging living mice using a 1-T compact MRI system. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 24:901-7. [PMID: 16969790 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.20713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the feasibility of imaging living mice with a 1-T compact MRI system and investigate appropriate imaging techniques for use in routine animal experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS An MRI system consisting of a 1-T permanent magnet and compact console was used. Images of the entire trunks of living mice were obtained on the system using a T1-weighted three-dimensional fast low-angle shot (3D FLASH) sequence, and image quality was evaluated in relation to imaging techniques. RESULTS Restraint of respiratory motion improved the image quality. Decreasing the slice thickness reduced artificial inhomogeneity in signal intensity (SI). Substantial effects of TR and FA on image quality were also demonstrated. With the determined techniques, images covering the entire trunk with a voxel size of 0.26x0.26x0.52 mm were acquired in an acquisition time of five minutes 28 seconds and a total experiment time of <20 minutes, and various organs and subcutaneous tumors were clearly visualized. CONCLUSION The compact MRI system provides images of living mice with acceptable quality in a reasonable time. Considering its convenience, it appears to be suitable for use in routine mouse experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kabli S, Alia A, Spaink HP, Verbeek FJ, De Groot HJ. Magnetic Resonance Microscopy of the Adult Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2006; 3:431-9. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2006.3.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Kabli
- Solid-State NMR, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. Alia
- Solid-State NMR, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman P. Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fons J. Verbeek
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mari Aparici C. [Introduction to the molecular imaging]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE MEDICINA NUCLEAR 2006; 25:394-409. [PMID: 17173791 DOI: 10.1157/13095176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Mari Aparici
- Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA.
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Kulandavelu S, Qu D, Sunn N, Mu J, Rennie MY, Whiteley KJ, Walls JR, Bock NA, Sun JCH, Covelli A, Sled JG, Adamson SL. Embryonic and Neonatal Phenotyping of Genetically Engineered Mice. ILAR J 2006; 47:103-17. [PMID: 16547367 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.47.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in adapting existing and developing new technologies to enable increasingly detailed phenotypic information to be obtained in embryonic and newborn mice. Sophisticated methods for imaging mouse embryos and newborns are available and include ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for in vivo imaging, and MRI, vascular corrosion casts, micro-computed tomography, and optical projection tomography (OPT) for postmortem imaging. In addition, Doppler and M-mode ultrasound are useful noninvasive tools to monitor cardiac and vascular hemodynamics in vivo in embryos and newborns. The developmental stage of the animals being phenotyped is an important consideration when selecting the appropriate technique for anesthesia or euthanasia and for labeling animals in longitudinal studies. Study design also needs to control for possible differences between inter- and intralitter variability, and for possible long-term developmental effects caused by anesthesia and/or procedures. Noninvasive or minimally invasive intravenous or intracardiac injections or blood sampling, and arterial pressure and electrocardiography (ECG) measurements are feasible in newborns. Whereas microinjection techniques are available for embryos as young as 6.5 days of gestation, further advances are required to enable minimally invasive fluid or tissue samples, or blood pressure or ECG measurements, to be obtained from mouse embryos in utero. The growing repertoire of techniques available for phenotyping mouse embryos and newborns promises to accelerate knowledge gained from studies using genetically engineered mice to understand molecular regulation of morphogenesis and the etiology of congenital diseases.
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Sweet IR, Cook DL, Lernmark A, Greenbaum CJ, Krohn KA. Non-invasive imaging of beta cell mass: a quantitative analysis. Diabetes Technol Ther 2004; 6:652-9. [PMID: 15628819 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2004.6.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently there are major efforts to develop strategies for the in vivo imaging of pancreatic beta cell mass as a clinical and investigational tool for detecting and tracking the loss of beta cells that underlies the progression of Type I diabetes. However, beta cells constitute only about 1% of pancreatic mass and are distributed throughout the pancreas within tiny islets of Langerhans that are each less than the spatial resolution of non-invasive imaging technologies. METHODS To estimate the requisite binding characteristics of a candidate beta cell imaging agent, calculations of the beta cell contribution to a positron emission tomography signal were made using simple equations. These were based on the relative population of beta cells and non-beta cells within the pancreas and surrounding tissue and an equation describing equilibrium ligand binding. RESULTS The calculations show that two criteria must be met: (1) The low-volume fraction of beta cells within the exocrine pancreas (about 1:100) requires that beta cells retain labeled imaging agents at least 1,000-fold more strongly than exocrine cells. (2) Agents that label cell surface receptors, even if beta cell-specific, must do so at a high enough level so that the imaging signal arising from unbound label retained in extracellular spaces must not overwhelm signals from labeled beta cells. CONCLUSIONS The limits developed here can serve as criteria for identifying candidate imaging agents for the in vivo imaging of beta cell mass, thereby avoiding expensive preclinical development using compounds that have no chance of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Sweet
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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Des Rosiers C, Lloyd S, Comte B, Chatham JC. A critical perspective of the use of (13)C-isotopomer analysis by GCMS and NMR as applied to cardiac metabolism. Metab Eng 2004; 6:44-58. [PMID: 14734255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2003.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide a guide for metabolic physiologists and bioengineers to the combined use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in stable isotope investigations in any biological systems. Building on our past experience with these two techniques, as applied separately to the investigation of citric acid metabolism in the ex vivo perfused rat heart we initiated a collaborative study for their critical evaluation. This article, which expands on our previous work (Mol. Cel. Biol., 2003), directly compares GCMS- and NMR-determined 13C-isotopomer and flux data obtained from ex vivo rat heart perfusion studies with 13C-substrates. Overall we have found excellent agreement between the 13C-enrichments of GCMS- and NMR-determined citric acid cycle metabolites (citrate, 2-ketoglutarate, succinate and malate) and glutamate; however the unlabeled component (M) was consistently underestimated by NMR. Despite this discrepancy there was reasonably good agreement in the relative fluxes of 13C-substrates through the citric acid cycle determined by the two techniques. Nevertheless, further investigations appear necessary before maximal advantage can be taken of the complementary 13C-isotopomer and flux data of GCMS and NMR for probing the dynamics of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Des Rosiers
- The Department of Nutrition & CHUM Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Que, Canada H3C 3J7.
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Abstract
Mice have become the mammalian model of choice for the application of genetics in biomedical research due to the evolutionary conservation of physiological systems and their attendant pathologies among all mammals as well as the exceptional power of genetic research technologies in the species. Beginning from aberrant phenotypes, a large number of mouse mutants and natural polymorphisms have been cloned, providing much information about the molecular basis of physiological processes. Additionally, the variable expression of these mutations in different inbred strain backgrounds has demonstrated the importance of modifier genes, which are also susceptible to cloning. Research efforts are keeping pace with these developments. In the area of gene discovery, large, government-funded mutagenesis programs now exist, and as a matter of great practical importance, recent evidence suggests that the same genes may be involved in the natural polymorphisms affecting disease in mice and humans. In parallel, dramatic advances are also being made in our ability to measure physiological processes in mice, and the advent of expression profiling promises revolutionary advances in understanding phenotype at the molecular level. Gene-driven approaches have relied on engineering the mouse genome, including adding, subtracting, and replacing genes and, most recently, the ability to control gene activity reversibly. Together, these multiple advances in our technical abilities have created extraordinary opportunities for future discovery.
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Massoud TF, Gambhir SS. Molecular imaging in living subjects: seeing fundamental biological processes in a new light. Genes Dev 2003; 17:545-80. [PMID: 12629038 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1047403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1417] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarik F Massoud
- The Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Abstract
The current status and challenges of small animal non-invasive imaging is briefly reviewed. The advantages of non-invasive studies on living animals versus post-mortem studies are evaluated. An argument is advanced that even in post-mortem situations, non-invasive imaging may play an important role in efficiently characterizing small animal phenotypes as well as pathology. Issues of data interpretation under anesthetized conditions in live animal studies are also reviewed. The five imaging technologies covered include CT, PET, ultrasound, MRI and optical imaging. The structural and physiological information content of these different modalities is reviewed along with the ability of these techniques to scale down for use in small mammals such as mice and rats. In general, it was found that most of these technologies scale favorably to the study of small mammals, generally providing more physiological information than when used on the larger human scale. This suggests that these types of small mammal imaging capabilities will play a very significant role in the full utilization of these important animal models in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Balaban
- Laboratory Research Program, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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