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di Domenico K, Lacchetti I, Cafiero G, Mancini A, Carere M, Mancini L. Reviewing the use of zebrafish for the detection of neurotoxicity induced by chemical mixtures through the analysis of behaviour. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142246. [PMID: 38710414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The knowledge and assessment of mixtures of chemical pollutants in the aquatic environment is a complex issue that is often challenging to address. In this review, we focused on the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio), a vertebrate widely used in biomedical research, as a model for detecting the effects of chemical mixtures with a focus on behaviour. Our aim was to summarize the current status of the ecotoxicological research in this sector. Specifically, we limited our research to the period between January 2012 and September 2023, including only those works aimed at detecting neurotoxicity through behavioural endpoints, utilizing zebrafish at one or more developmental stages, from egg to adult. Additionally, we gathered the findings for every group of chemicals involved and summarised data from all the works we included. At the end of the screening process 101 papers were considered eligible for inclusion. Results show a growing interest in zebrafish at all life stages for this kind of research in the last decade. Also, a wide variety of different assays, involving different senses, was used in the works we surveyed, with exposures ranging from acute to chronic. In conclusion, the results of this study show the versatility of zebrafish as a model for the detection of mixture toxicity although, for what concerns behavioural analysis, the lack of standardisation of methods and endpoints might still be limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin di Domenico
- Ecohealth Unit, Environment and Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ines Lacchetti
- Ecohealth Unit, Environment and Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cafiero
- Environmental Risk Assessment, Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aurora Mancini
- Ecohealth Unit, Environment and Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Carere
- Ecohealth Unit, Environment and Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mancini
- Ecohealth Unit, Environment and Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Li Z, Xian H, Ye R, Zhong Y, Liang B, Huang Y, Dai M, Guo J, Tang S, Ren X, Bai R, Feng Y, Deng Y, Yang X, Chen D, Yang Z, Huang Z. Gender-specific effects of polystyrene nanoplastic exposure on triclosan-induced reproductive toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172876. [PMID: 38692326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) and triclosan (TCS) are ubiquitous emerging environmental contaminants detected in human samples. While the reproductive toxicity of TCS alone has been studied, its combined effects with NPs remain unclear. Herein, we employed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering to characterize the coexposure of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 50 nm) with TCS. Then, adult zebrafish were exposed to TCS at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.361-48.2 μg/L), with or without PS-NPs (1.0 mg/L) for 21 days. TCS biodistribution in zebrafish tissues was investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Reproductive toxicity was assessed through gonadal histopathology, fertility tests, changes in steroid hormone synthesis and gene expression within the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad-liver (HPGL) axis. Transcriptomics and proteomics were applied to explore the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that PS-NPs could adsorb TCS, thus altering the PS-NPs' physical characteristics. Our observations revealed that coexposure with PS-NPs reduced TCS levels in the ovaries, livers, and brains of female zebrafish. Conversely, in males, coexposure with PS-NPs increased TCS levels in the testes and livers, while decreasing them in the brain. We found that co-exposure mitigated TCS-induced ovary development inhibition while exacerbated TCS-induced spermatogenesis suppression, resulting in increased embryonic mortality and larval malformations. This co-exposure influenced the expression of genes linked to steroid hormone synthesis (cyp11a1, hsd17β, cyp19a1) and attenuated the TCS-decreased estradiol (E2) in females. Conversely, testosterone levels were suppressed, and E2 levels were elevated due to the upregulation of specific genes (cyp11a1, hsd3β, cyp19a1) in males. Finally, the integrated analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics suggested that the aqp12-dctn2 pathway was involved in PS-NPs' attenuation of TCS-induced reproductive toxicity in females, while the pck2-katnal1 pathway played a role in PS-NPs' exacerbation of TCS-induced reproductive toxicity in males. Collectively, PS-NPs altered TCS-induced reproductive toxicity by disrupting the HPGL axis, with gender-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongyi Xian
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rongyi Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yizhou Zhong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Boxuan Liang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuji Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mingzhu Dai
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Shuqin Tang
- College of Environment and Climate, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaohu Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruobing Bai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu Feng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Da Chen
- College of Environment and Climate, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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Cossaboon JM, Teh SJ, Sant KE. Reproductive toxicity of DDT in the Japanese medaka fish model: Revisiting the impacts of DDT+ on female reproductive health. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:141967. [PMID: 38615950 PMCID: PMC11160350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The organochlorine pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) that has been banned by most countries for decades. However, it continues to be detected in nearly all humans and wildlife due to its biological and environmental persistence. The ovarian dysgenesis syndrome hypothesis speculates that exposure to EDCs during sensitive developmental windows such as early gonadal differentiation lead to reproductive disorders later in life. Yet, mechanisms by which DDT affects developing gonads remain unclear due to the inherent challenge of getting developmental exposure data from adults presenting with reproductive disease. The Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a valuable fish model for sex-specific toxicological studies due to its chromosomal sex determination, external embryonic development, short generation time, and extensively mapped genome. It is well documented that medaka exposed to DDT and its metabolites and byproducts (herein referred to as DDT+) at different developmental time points experience permanent alterations in gonadal morphology, reproductive success, and molecular and hormonal signaling. However, the overwhelming majority of studies focus primarily on functional and morphological outcomes in males and females and have rarely investigated long-term transcriptional or molecular effects. This review summarizes previous experimental findings and the state of our knowledge concerning toxic effects DDT + on reproductive development, fertility, and health in the valuable medaka model. It also identifies gaps in knowledge, emphasizing a need for more focus on molecular mechanisms of ovarian endocrine disruption using enhanced molecular tools that have become increasingly available over the past few decades. Furthermore, DDT forms a myriad of over 45 metabolites and transformation products in biota and the environment, very few of which have been evaluated for environmental abundance or health effects. This reinforces the demand for high throughput and economical in vivo models for predictive toxicology screening, and the Japanese medaka is uniquely positioned to meet this need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swee J Teh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Karilyn E Sant
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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Yoon Y, Cho M. Detrimental impacts and QSAR baseline toxicity assessment of Japanese medaka embryos exposed to methylparaben and its halogenated byproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171448. [PMID: 38453088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite the theoretical risk of forming halogenated methylparabens (halo-MePs) during water chlorination in the absence or presence of bromide ions, there remains a lack of in vivo toxicological assessments on vertebrate organisms for halo-MePs. This research addresses these gaps by investigating the lethal (assessed by embryo coagulation) or sub-lethal (assessed by hatching success/heartbeat rate) toxicity and teratogenicity (assessed by deformity rate) of MeP and its mono- and di-halogen derivatives (Cl- or Br-) using Japanese medaka embryos. In assessing selected apical endpoints to discern patterns in physiological or biochemical alterations, heightened toxic impacts were observed for halo-MePs compared to MeP. These include a higher incidence of embryo coagulation (4-36 fold), heartbeat rate decrement (11-36 fold), deformity rate increment (32-223 fold), hatching success decrement (11-59 fold), and an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level (1.2-7.4 fold)/Catalase (CAT) activity (1.7-2.8 fold). Experimentally determined LC50 values are correlated and predicted using a Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) based on the speciation-corrected liposome-water distribution ratio (Dlipw, pH 7.5). The QSAR baseline toxicity aligns well with (sub)lethal toxicity and teratogenicity, as evidenced by toxic ratio (TR) analysis showing TR < 10 for MeP exposure in all cases, while significant specific or reactive toxicity was found for halo-MeP exposure, with TR > 10 observed (excepting three values). Our extensive findings contribute novel insights into the intricate interplay of embryonic toxicity during the early-life-stage of Japanese medaka, with a specific focus on highlighting the potential hazards associated with halo-MePs compared to the parent compound MeP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggun Yoon
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Gyeongsangnam-do, 52834, South Korea; Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea.
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea.
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Jia J, Shi S, Liu C, Shu T, Li T, Lou Q, Jin X, He J, Du Z, Zhai G, Yin Z. Use of All-Male cyp17a1-Deficient Zebrafish (Danio rerio) for Evaluation of Environmental Estrogens. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1062-1074. [PMID: 38477699 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic environmental estrogens (EEs) are widespread and have received extensive attention. Our previous studies demonstrated that depletion of the cytochrome P450 17a1 gene (cyp17a1) leads to all-testis differentiation phenotype in zebrafish and common carp. In the present study, cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish with defective estrogen biosynthesis were used for the evaluation of EEs, as assessed by monitoring vitellogenin (vtg) expression. A rapid and sensitive assessment procedure was established with the 3-day administration of estradiol (E2), followed by examination of the transcriptional expression of vtgs in our cyp17a1-deficient fish. Compared with the control fish, a higher E2-mediated vtg upregulation observed in cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish exposed to 0.1 μg/L E2 is known to be estrogen receptor-dependent and likely due to impaired in vivo estrogen biosynthesis. The more responsive vtg expression in cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish was observed when exposed to 200 and 2000 μg/L bisphenol A (BPA) and perfluoro-1-octanesulfonate (PFOS). The estrogenic potentials of E2, BPA, and PFOS were compared and assessed by the feminization effect on ovarian differentiation in cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish from 18 to 50 days postfertilization, based on which a higher sensitivity of E2 in ovarian differentiation than BPA and PFOS was concluded. Collectively, through the higher sensitivity to EEs and the capacity to distinguish chemicals with different estrogenic potentials exhibited by the all-male cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish with impaired estrogen biosynthesis, we demonstrated that they can be used as an excellent in vivo model for the evaluation of EEs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1062-1074. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Jia
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengchi Shi
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congying Liu
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Shu
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhui Li
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyong Lou
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Jin
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiangyan He
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenyu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Zhai
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- State key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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6
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Flynn K, Le M, Hazemi M, Biales A, Bencic DC, Blackwell BR, Bush K, Flick R, Hoang JX, Martinson J, Morshead M, Rodriguez KS, Stacy E, Villeneuve DL. Comparing Transcriptomic Points of Departure to Apical Effect Concentrations For Larval Fathead Minnow Exposed to Chemicals with Four Different Modes Of Action. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 86:346-362. [PMID: 38743081 PMCID: PMC11305162 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
It is postulated that below a transcriptomic-based point of departure, adverse effects are unlikely to occur, thereby providing a chemical concentration to use in screening level hazard assessment. The present study extends previous work describing a high-throughput fathead minnow assay that can provide full transcriptomic data after exposure to a test chemical. One-day post-hatch fathead minnows were exposed to ten concentrations of three representatives of four chemical modes of action: organophosphates, ecdysone receptor agonists, plant photosystem II inhibitors, and estrogen receptor agonists for 24 h. Concentration response modeling was performed on whole body gene expression data from each exposure, using measured chemical concentrations when available. Transcriptomic points of departure in larval fathead minnow were lower than apical effect concentrations across fish species but not always lower than toxic effect concentrations in other aquatic taxa like crustaceans and insects. The point of departure was highly dependent on measured chemical concentration which were often lower than the nominal concentration. Differentially expressed genes between chemicals within modes of action were compared and often showed statistically significant overlap. In addition, reproducibility between identical exposures using a positive control chemical (CuSO4) and variability associated with the transcriptomic point of departure using in silico sampling were considered. Results extend a transcriptomic-compatible fathead minnow high-throughput assay for possible use in ecological hazard screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Flynn
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, US EPA GLTED, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA.
| | - Michelle Le
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Monique Hazemi
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Adam Biales
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - David C Bencic
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Kendra Bush
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Robert Flick
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - John X Hoang
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - John Martinson
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Mackenzie Morshead
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Kelvin Santana Rodriguez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Emma Stacy
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, US EPA GLTED, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, US EPA GLTED, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
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7
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Lee J, Zee S, Kim HI, Cho SH, Park CB. Effects of crosstalk between steroid hormones mediated thyroid hormone in zebrafish exposed to 4-tert-octylphenol: Estrogenic and anti-androgenic effects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 277:116348. [PMID: 38669872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Alkylphenols, such as nonylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), are byproducts of the biodegradation of alkylphenol ethoxylates and present substantial ecological and health risks in aquatic environments and higher life forms. In this context, our study aimed to explore the effect of OP on reproductive endocrine function in both female and male zebrafish. Over a period of 21 days, the zebrafish were subjected to varying concentrations of OP (0, 0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 μg/L), based on the lowest effective concentration (EC10 = 0.48 μg/L) identified for zebrafish embryos. OP exposure led to a pronounced increase in hepatic vitellogenin (vtg) mRNA expression and 17β-estradiol biosynthesis in both sexes. Conversely, OP exhibits anti-androgenic properties, significantly diminishes gonadal androgen receptor (ar) mRNA expression, and reduces endogenous androgen (testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone) levels in male zebrafish. Notably, cortisol and thyroid hormone (TH) levels demonstrated concentration-dependent elevations in zebrafish, influencing the regulation of gonadal steroid hormones (GSHs). These findings suggest that prolonged OP exposure may result in sustained reproductive dysfunction in adult zebrafish, which is largely attributable to the intricate reciprocal relationship between hormone levels and the associated gene expression. Our comprehensive biological response analysis of adult zebrafish offers vital insights into the reproductive toxicological effects of OP, thereby enriching future ecological studies on aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangjae Lee
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggeun Zee
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugh I Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Cho
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Beom Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Wagner T, McLaughlin P, Faunce KE, Austin S, Smalling K. The Effects of Wastewater Reuse on Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) Relative Abundance in the Shenandoah River Watershed, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38517104 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Municipal and industrial wastewater effluent is an important source of water for lotic systems, especially during periods of low flow. The accumulated wastewater effluent flows-expressed as a percentage of total streamflow (ACCWW%)-contain chemical mixtures that pose a risk to aquatic life; fish may be particularly vulnerable when chronically exposed. Although there has been considerable focus on individual-level effects of exposure to chemical mixtures found in wastewater effluent, scaling up to population-level effects remains a challenging component needed to better understand the potential consequences of exposure in wild populations. This may be particularly important under a changing climate in which wastewater reuse could be essential to maintain river flows. We evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to wastewater effluent, as measured by ACCWW%, on the relative abundance of young-of-year (YOY), juvenile, and adult smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) populations in the Shenandoah River Watershed (USA). We found that increases in ACCWW% in the previous year and during the prespawn period were negatively correlated with the relative abundance of YOY, resulting in an average 41% predicted decrease in abundance (range = 0.5%-94% predicted decrease in abundance). This lagged effect suggests that adult fish reproductive performance may be compromised by chemical exposure during periods of high ACCWW%. No relationships between ACCWW% and juvenile or adult relative abundance were found, suggesting that negative effects of ACCWW% on YOY abundance may be offset due to compensatory mechanisms following higher ACCWW% exposure. Understanding the effects of wastewater effluent exposure at multiple levels of biological organization will help in the development of management strategies aimed at protecting aquatic life. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-11. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Wagner
- US Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul McLaughlin
- Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kaycee E Faunce
- Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Samuel Austin
- Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kelly Smalling
- New Jersey Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey
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Raza Y, Mertens E, Zink L, Lu Z, Doering JA, Wiseman S. Embryonic Exposure to the Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol Decreases Fertility of Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:385-397. [PMID: 37975561 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are emerging contaminants of concern. They are added to a variety of products, including building materials, personal care products, paints, and plastics, to prevent degradation caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. Despite widespread occurrence in aquatic environments, little is known regarding the effects of BUVSs on aquatic organisms. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of exposure to 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol (UV-P) on the reproductive success of zebrafish (Danio rerio) following embryonic exposure. Embryos were exposed, by use of microinjection, to UV-P at <1.5 (control), 2.77, and 24.25 ng/g egg, and reared until sexual maturity, when reproductive performance was assessed, following which molecular and biochemical endpoints were analyzed. Exposure to UV-P did not have a significant effect on fecundity. However, there was a significant effect on fertilization success. Using UV-P-exposed males and females, fertility was decreased by 8.75% in the low treatment group and by 15.02% in the high treatment group relative to control. In a reproduction assay with UV-P-exposed males and control females, fertility was decreased by 11.47% in the high treatment group relative to the control. Embryonic exposure to UV-P might have perturbed male sex steroid synthesis as indicated by small changes in blood plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone, and small statistically nonsignificant decreases in mRNA abundances of cyp19a1a, cyp11c1, and hsd17b3. In addition, decreased transcript abundances of genes involved in spermatogenesis, such as nanos2 and dazl, were observed. Decreases in later stages of sperm development were observed, suggesting that embryonic exposure to UV-P impaired spematogenesis, resulting in decreased sperm quantity. The present study is the first to demonstrate latent effects of BUVSs, specifically on fish reproduction. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:385-397. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emily Mertens
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lauren Zink
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhe Lu
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Jon A Doering
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Matten S, Fallacara D, Kamel A, Lynn SG, Fort DJ, Wolf JC, Leak T, von Holst H, Bever RJ, Thomas A, Brown VJ. Evaluation of multigenerational effects of 2-ethylhexyl 4-hydroxybenzoate in Japanese medaka. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1645-1666. [PMID: 37340691 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) extended one-generation reproduction test (MEOGRT) (Test Guideline 890.2200) is a Tier 2 test within the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program of the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). A modified MEOGRT was used to evaluate multigenerational effects of 2-ethylhexyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (2-EHHB) under flow-through conditions starting with adults (parent generation, F0) through a 3-week reproductive phase of the second generation (F2). Fish were exposed to one of five 2-EHHB test concentrations or a dechlorinated tap water control. Fecundity was affected at the lowest exposure (5.32 μg/L) and greater sensitivity occurred in the F1 and F2 generations. Percent fertility was also diminished from no effect level observed in the F0 generation to 101 and 48.8 μg/L in the F1 and F2 generations, respectively. Growth indices were decreased for F0 adult females and F1 subadults and adults at 48.8 μg/L 2-EHHB. Histopathologic examination of gonads, liver, kidney, and thyroid yielded possible delayed reproductive tract development in F1 subadult males, masculinization of the renal phenotype in F1 adult females (renal tubular eosinophilia) and reduced hepatic energy storage (liver glycogen vacuoles) in F1 (11.3 and 48.8 μg/L) and F2 (48.8 and 101 μg/L) males and females, respectively. Endocrine-related findings included a decrease in anal fin papillae in F2 adult males at 101 μg/L. Results of this study demonstrate effects on growth, development, and reproduction that may be mediated by endocrine (weak estrogenic) and nonendocrine mechanisms. Duration of the MEOGRT should not be routinely extended beyond the OCSPP 890 guideline study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene Matten
- Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Alaa Kamel
- Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Scott G Lynn
- Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Douglas J Fort
- Fort Environmental Laboratories, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Wolf
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc, Sterling, Virginia, USA
| | - Tom Leak
- Formerly with Eurofins, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Ronnie Joe Bever
- Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
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11
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Busquet F, Laperrouze J, Jankovic K, Krsmanovic T, Ignasiak T, Leoni B, Apic G, Asole G, Guigó R, Marangio P, Palumbo E, Perez-Lluch S, Wucher V, Vlot AH, Anholt R, Mackay T, Escher BI, Grasse N, Huchthausen J, Massei R, Reemtsma T, Scholz S, Schüürmann G, Bondesson M, Cherbas P, Freedman JH, Glaholt S, Holsopple J, Jacobson SC, Kaufman T, Popodi E, Shaw JJ, Smoot S, Tennessen JM, Churchill G, von Clausbruch CC, Dickmeis T, Hayot G, Pace G, Peravali R, Weiss C, Cistjakova N, Liu X, Slaitas A, Brown JB, Ayerbe R, Cabellos J, Cerro-Gálvez E, Diez-Ortiz M, González V, Martínez R, Vives PS, Barnett R, Lawson T, Lee RG, Sostare E, Viant M, Grafström R, Hongisto V, Kohonen P, Patyra K, Bhaskar PK, Garmendia-Cedillos M, Farooq I, Oliver B, Pohida T, Salem G, Jacobson D, Andrews E, Barnard M, Čavoški A, Chaturvedi A, Colbourne JK, Epps DJT, Holden L, Jones MR, Li X, Müller F, Ormanin-Lewandowska A, Orsini L, Roberts R, Weber RJM, Zhou J, Chung ME, Sanchez JCG, Diwan GD, Singh G, Strähle U, Russell RB, Batista D, Sansone SA, Rocca-Serra P, Du Pasquier D, Lemkine G, Robin-Duchesne B, Tindall A. The Precision Toxicology Initiative. Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00180-7. [PMID: 37211341 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The goal of PrecisionTox is to overcome conceptual barriers to replacing traditional mammalian chemical safety testing by accelerating the discovery of evolutionarily conserved toxicity pathways that are shared by descent among humans and more distantly related animals. An international consortium is systematically testing the toxicological effects of a diverse set of chemicals on a suite of five model species comprising fruit flies, nematodes, water fleas, and embryos of clawed frogs and zebrafish along with human cell lines. Multiple forms of omics and comparative toxicology data are integrated to map the evolutionary origins of biomolecular interactions, which are predictive of adverse health effects, to major branches of the animal phylogeny. These conserved elements of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) and their biomarkers are expect to provide mechanistic insight useful for regulating groups of chemicals based on their shared modes of action. PrecisionTox also aims to quantify risk variation within populations by recognizing susceptibility as a heritable trait that varies with genetic diversity. This initiative incorporates legal experts and collaborates with risk managers to address specific needs within European chemicals legislation, including the uptake of new approach methodologies (NAMs) for setting precise regulatory limits on toxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nico Grasse
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, DE
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12
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Su M, Zhong Y, Xiang J, Chen Y, Liu N, Zhang J. Reproductive endocrine disruption and gonadal intersex induction in male Japanese medaka chronically exposed to betamethasone at environmentally relevant levels. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131493. [PMID: 37156043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The broad utilization of betamethasone in medical treatments may pose a significant ecotoxicological risk to aquatic organisms, yet its potential reproductive toxicity remains unclear. The present study examined the impacts of environmental exposure on male reproduction using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). After 110 days of betamethasone exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations (0, 20 and 200 ng/L), LH/FSH synthesis and release in the pituitary was inhibited, and the production of sex hormones and their signaling pathways in the gonads of male medaka were greatly influenced. This synthetic glucocorticoid restrained testosterone (T) synthesis and gave rise to a significant increase in E2/T and E2/11-KT ratios. Furthermore, chronic betamethasone exposure (20 and 200 ng/L) led to the suppression of androgen receptor (AR) signaling and enhancement of estrogen receptors (ERs) signaling. An increase in hepatic vitellogenin contents was also detected, and testicular oocytes were observed in both 20 and 200 ng/L betamethasone-treated groups. It showed that 20 and 200 ng/L betamethasone could induce male feminization and even intersex, triggering abnormal spermatogenesis in medaka males. With its adverse effects on male fertility, betamethasone could potentially influence the fishery productivity and population dynamics in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoliang Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Youling Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiazhi Xiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuru Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Nanxi Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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13
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Ankley GT, Santana-Rodriguez K, Jensen KM, Miller DH, Villeneuve DL. AOP Report: Adverse Outcome Pathways for Aromatase Inhibition or Androgen Receptor Agonism Leading to Male-Biased Sex Ratio and Population Decline in Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:747-756. [PMID: 36848318 PMCID: PMC10772967 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Screening and testing of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals for ecological effects are examples of risk assessment/regulatory activities that can employ adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) to establish linkages between readily measured alterations in endocrine function and whole organism- and population-level responses. Of particular concern are processes controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal/thyroidal (HPG/T) axes. However, the availability of AOPs suitable to meet this need is currently limited in terms of species and life-stage representation relative to the diversity of endpoints influenced by HPG/T function. In our report we describe two novel AOPs that comprise a simple AOP network focused on the effects of chemicals on sex differentiation during early development in fish. The first AOP (346) documents events starting with inhibition of cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19), resulting in decreased availability of 17β-estradiol during gonad differentiation, which increases the occurrence of testis formation, resulting in a male-biased sex ratio and consequent population-level declines. The second AOP (376) is initiated by activation of the androgen receptor (AR), also during sexual differentiation, again resulting in a male-biased sex ratio and population-level effects. Both AOPs are strongly supported by existing physiological and toxicological evidence, including numerous fish studies with model CYP19 inhibitors and AR agonists. Accordingly, AOPs 346 and 376 provide a basis for more focused screening and testing of chemicals with the potential to affect HPG function in fish during early development. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:747-756. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T. Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Kelvin Santana-Rodriguez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Participant at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Jensen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - David H. Miller
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
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14
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von Wyl M, Könemann S, Vom Berg C. Different developmental insecticide exposure windows trigger distinct locomotor phenotypes in the early life stages of zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137874. [PMID: 36646183 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to their extensive use and high biological activity, insecticides largely contribute to loss of biodiversity and environmental pollution. The regulation of insecticides by authorities is mainly focused on lethal concentrations. However, sub-lethal effects such as alterations in behavior and neurodevelopment can significantly affect the fitness of individual fish and their population dynamics and therefore deserve consideration. Moreover, it is important to understand the impact of exposure timing during development, about which there is currently a lack of relevant knowledge. Here, we investigated whether there are periods during neurodevelopment of fish, which are particularly vulnerable to insecticide exposure. Therefore, we exposed zebrafish embryos to six different insecticides with cholinergic mode of action for 24 h during different periods of neurodevelopment and measured locomotor output using an age-matched behavior assay. We used the organophosphates diazinon and dimethoate, the carbamates pirimicarb and methomyl as well as the neonicotinoids thiacloprid and imidacloprid because they are abundant in the environment and cholinergic signaling plays a major role during key processes of neurodevelopment. We found that early embryonic motor behaviors, as measured by spontaneous tail coiling, increased upon exposure to most insecticides, while later movements, measured through touch-evoked response and a light-dark transition assay, rather decreased for the same insecticides and exposure duration. Moreover, the observed effects were more pronounced when exposure windows were temporally closer to the performing of the respective behavioral assay. However, the measured behavioral effects recovered after a short period, indicating that none of the exposure windows chosen here are particularly critical, but rather that insecticides acutely interfere with neuronal function at all stages as long as they are present. Overall, our results contribute to a better understanding of risks posed by cholinergic insecticides to fish and provide an important basis for the development of safe regulations to improve environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa von Wyl
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Könemann
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne, EPFL, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Colette Vom Berg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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15
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Walsh HL, Gordon SE, Sperry AJ, Kashiwagi M, Mullican J, Blazer VS. A case study: temporal trends of environmental stressors and reproductive health of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from a site in the Potomac River Watershed, Maryland, USA. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1536-1553. [PMID: 36454361 PMCID: PMC9729326 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Decades of poor reproductive success and young-of-the-year survival, combined with adult mortality events, have led to a decline in the smallmouth bass (SMB; Micropterus dolomieu) population in sections of the Potomac River. Previous studies have identified numerous biologic and environmental stressors associated with negative effects on SMB health. To better understand the impact of these stressors, this study was conducted at the confluence of Antietam Creek and the Potomac River from 2013 to 2019 to identify temporal changes associated with SMB reproductive health. Surface water samples were collected and analyzed for over 300 organic contaminants, including pesticides, phytoestrogens, pharmaceuticals, hormones and total estrogenicity (E2Eq). Adult SMB were collected and sampled for multiple endpoints, including gene transcripts associated with reproduction (molecular), histopathology (cellular), and organosomatic indices (tissue). In males, biomarkers of estrogenic endocrine disruption, including testicular oocytes (TO) and plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) were assessed. Numerous agriculture-related contaminants or land use patterns were associated with gene transcript abundance in both male and female SMB. Positive associations between pesticides in the immediate catchment with TO severity and E2Eq with plasma Vtg in males were identified. In males, the prevalence of TO and detectable levels of plasma Vtg, liver vitellogenin transcripts (vtg) and testis vtg were high throughout the study. Peaks of complex mixtures of numerous contaminants occurred during the spring/early summer when spawning and early development occurs and to a lesser extent in fall/winter during recrudescence. Management practices to reduce exposure during these critical and sensitive periods may enhance reproductive health of these economically important sportfishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA.
| | - Stephanie E Gordon
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Adam J Sperry
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Michael Kashiwagi
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Fishing and Boating Services, 10932 Putman Rd., Thurmont, MD, 21788, USA
| | - John Mullican
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Fishing and Boating Services, 20901 Fish Hatchery Rd., Hagerstown, MD, 21740, USA
| | - Vicki S Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
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16
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Orford JT, Ozeki S, Brand JA, Henry J, Wlodkowic D, Alton LA, Martin JM, Wong BBM. Effects of the agricultural pollutant 17β-trenbolone on morphology and behaviour of tadpoles (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 251:106289. [PMID: 36087492 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are increasingly being detected in organisms and ecosystems globally. Agricultural activities, including the use of hormonal growth promotants (HGPs), are a major source of EDC contamination. One potent EDC that enters into the environment through the use of HGPs is 17β-trenbolone. Despite EDCs being repeatedly shown to affect reproduction and development, comparatively little is known regarding their effects on behaviour. Amphibians, one of the most imperilled vertebrate taxa globally, are at particular risk of exposure to such pollutants as they often live and breed near agricultural operations. Yet, no previous research on amphibians has explored the effects of 17β-trenbolone exposure on foraging or antipredator behaviour, both of which are key fitness-related behavioural traits. Accordingly, we investigated the impacts of 28-day exposure to two environmentally realistic concentrations of 17β-trenbolone (average measured concentrations: 10 and 66 ng/L) on the behaviour and growth of spotted marsh frog tadpoles (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis). Contrary to our predictions, there was no significant effect of 17β-trenbolone exposure on tadpole growth, antipredator response, anxiety-like behaviour, or foraging. We hypothesise that the differences in effects found between this study and those conducted on fish may be due to taxonomic differences and/or the life stage of the animals used, and suggest further research is needed to investigate the potential for delayed manifestation of the effects of 17β-trenbolone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Orford
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Shiho Ozeki
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack A Brand
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Henry
- The Neurotoxicology Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotoxicology Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Lesley A Alton
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jake M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Chen X, Zheng J, Zhang J, Duan M, Xu H, Zhao W, Yang Y, Wang C, Xu Y. Exposure to difenoconazole induces reproductive toxicity in zebrafish by interfering with gamete maturation and reproductive behavior. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155610. [PMID: 35504380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole (DCZ) is a triazole fungicide that negatively affects aquatic organisms and humans. However, data regarding the reproductive toxicity of DCZ are insufficient. In this study, we used zebrafish (from 2 h post-fertilization [hpf] to adulthood) as a model to evaluate whether DCZ at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 μg/L) induces reproductive toxicity. After exposure to DCZ, egg production and fertilization rates were reduced by 1.0 and 10.0 μg/L. A significant decrease in gamete frequency (late vitellogenic oocytes and spermatozoa) was observed at 10.0 μg/L. The concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and vitellogenin (VTG) were disrupted in females and males by 1.0 and 10.0 μg/L. Exposure to 10.0 μg/L DCZ significantly inhibited the contact time between female and male fish, which was mainly achieved by affecting male fish. The transcription of genes involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis was significantly changed after treatment with DCZ. Overall, these data show that the endocrine-disrupting effect of DCZ on the zebrafish HPG axis inhibited gamete maturation and disrupted reproductive behavior, reducing fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguang Chen
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junyue Zheng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Manman Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentian Zhao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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18
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Robitaille J, Denslow ND, Escher BI, Kurita-Oyamada HG, Marlatt V, Martyniuk CJ, Navarro-Martín L, Prosser R, Sanderson T, Yargeau V, Langlois VS. Towards regulation of Endocrine Disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in water resources using bioassays - A guide to developing a testing strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112483. [PMID: 34863984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in every environmental medium and are chemically diverse. Their presence in water resources can negatively impact the health of both human and wildlife. Currently, there are no mandatory screening mandates or regulations for EDC levels in complex water samples globally. Bioassays, which allow quantifying in vivo or in vitro biological effects of chemicals are used commonly to assess acute toxicity in water. The existing OECD framework to identify single-compound EDCs offers a set of bioassays that are validated for the Estrogen-, Androgen-, and Thyroid hormones, and for Steroidogenesis pathways (EATS). In this review, we discussed bioassays that could be potentially used to screen EDCs in water resources, including in vivo and in vitro bioassays using invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and/or mammalians species. Strengths and weaknesses of samples preparation for complex water samples are discussed. We also review how to calculate the Effect-Based Trigger values, which could serve as thresholds to determine if a given water sample poses a risk based on existing quality standards. This work aims to assist governments and regulatory agencies in developing a testing strategy towards regulation of EDCs in water resources worldwide. The main recommendations include 1) opting for internationally validated cell reporter in vitro bioassays to reduce animal use & cost; 2) testing for cell viability (a critical parameter) when using in vitro bioassays; and 3) evaluating the recovery of the water sample preparation method selected. This review also highlights future research avenues for the EDC screening revolution (e.g., 3D tissue culture, transgenic animals, OMICs, and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Robitaille
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Vicki Marlatt
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Sanderson
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, INRS, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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19
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Miller DH, Villeneuve DL, Santana-Rodriguez KJ, Ankley GT. A Multidimensional Matrix Model for Predicting the Effects of Male-Biased Sex Ratios on Fish Populations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1066-1077. [PMID: 35020961 PMCID: PMC9586198 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory experiments have established that exposure to certain endocrine-active substances prior to and/or during the period of sexual differentiation can lead to skewed sex ratios in fish. However, the potential long-term population impact of biased sex ratio depends on multiple factors including the life history of the species and whether the ratio is male or female-biased. In the present study, we describe a novel multidimensional, density-dependent matrix model that analyzes age class-structure of both males and females over time, allowing for the quantitative evaluation of the effects of biased sex ratio on population status. This approach can be used in conjunction with field monitoring efforts and/or laboratory testing to link effects on sex ratio due to chemical and/or nonchemical stressors to adverse outcomes in whole organisms and populations. For demonstration purposes, we applied the model to evaluate population trajectories for fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to prochloraz, an aromatase inhibitor, during sexual differentiation. The model also was used to explore the population impact in a more realistic exposure scenario in which both adult and early life stages of fish are exposed concurrently to prochloraz, which, in addition to altering sex ratio during development, can decrease vitellogenin and egg production in adult females. For each exposure scenario, the model was used to analyze total population size, numbers of females and of males, and sex specific recruitment of the F1 generation. The present study illustrates the utility of multidimensional matrix population models for ecological risk assessment in terms of integrating effects across a population of an organism even when chemical effects on individuals are manifested via different pathways depending on life stage. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1066-1077. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Miller
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Kelvin J. Santana-Rodriguez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Participant at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota
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20
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Martinson JW, Bencic DC, Toth GP, Kostich MS, Flick RW, See MJ, Lattier D, Biales AD, Huang W. De Novo Assembly of the Nearly Complete Fathead Minnow Reference Genome Reveals a Repetitive but Compact Genome. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:448-461. [PMID: 34888930 PMCID: PMC9560796 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fathead minnow is a widely used model organism in environmental toxicology. The lack of a high-quality fathead minnow reference genome, however, has severely hampered its uses in toxicogenomics. We present the de novo assembly and annotation of the fathead minnow genome using long PacBio reads, Bionano and Hi-C scaffolding data, and large RNA-sequencing data sets from different tissues and life stages. The new annotated fathead minnow reference genome has a scaffold N50 of 12.0 Mbp and a complete benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs score of 95.1%. The completeness of annotation for the new reference genome is comparable to that of the zebrafish GRCz11 reference genome. The fathead minnow genome, revealed to be highly repetitive and sharing extensive syntenic regions with the zebrafish genome, has a much more compact gene structure than the zebrafish genome. Particularly, comparative genomic analysis with zebrafish, mouse, and human showed that fathead minnow homologous genes are relatively conserved in exon regions but had strikingly shorter intron regions. The new fathead minnow reference genome and annotation data, publicly available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and the University of California Santa Cruz genome browser, provides an essential resource for aquatic toxicogenomic studies in ecotoxicology and public health. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:448-461. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Martinson
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Molecular Indicators Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David C. Bencic
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Molecular Indicators Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory P. Toth
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Molecular Indicators Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mitchell S. Kostich
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Molecular Indicators Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert W. Flick
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Molecular Indicators Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mary J. See
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Molecular Indicators Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David Lattier
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Molecular Indicators Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam D. Biales
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Molecular Indicators Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Weichun Huang
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Molecular Indicators Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Varticovski L, Stavreva DA, McGowan A, Raziuddin R, Hager GL. Endocrine disruptors of sex hormone activities. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 539:111415. [PMID: 34339825 PMCID: PMC8762672 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones, such as androgens, estrogens and progestins are naturally occurring compounds that tightly regulate endocrine systems in a variety of living organisms. Uncontrolled environmental exposure to these hormones or their biological and synthetic mimetics has been widely documented. Furthermore, water contaminants penetrate soil to affect flora, fauna and ultimately humans. Because endocrine systems evolved to respond to very small changes in hormone levels, the low levels found in the environment cannot be ignored. The combined actions of sex hormones with glucocorticoids and other nuclear receptors disruptors creates additional level of complexity including the newly described "dynamic assisted loading" mechanism. We reviewed the extensive literature pertaining to world-wide detection of these disruptors and created a detailed Table on the development and current status of methods used for their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Varticovski
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - D A Stavreva
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - A McGowan
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - R Raziuddin
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - G L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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22
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Li Y, Yan Z, Li X, Yin X, Li K. UPLC-TOF-MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Steroid Hormones in Tissue Homogenates of Zebrafish with Solid-Phase Extraction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206213. [PMID: 34684799 PMCID: PMC8539474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantification of steroid hormones of individual zebrafish (Danio rerio) provides perspective to understand endogenous hormone function. A UPLC–TOF–MS method was developed to provide a reproducible, sensitive, and efficient assay to determine the concentration of steroid hormones, including cortisol, testosterone, androstenedione, 11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in whole-body homogenates of each zebrafish. Solid-phase extraction was used to sample matrix clean-up and acquired a recovery from 89.7% to 107.9%. The analytes were separated on an Aquity BEH C18 column using gradient elution. Mass spectrometric analysis was performed by single reaction monitoring (SRM) using positive electrospray ionization mode. The total running time was 6 min, which was greatly shortened compared with a previously reported method. The developed method exhibited excellent linearity for all the analytes, with regression coefficients higher than 0.99. The limit of detection varied between 0.1 and 0.5 ng/L and the limit of quantification was 0.5–1.7 ng/L for all analytes. The precision of the method was assessed on replicate measurements and was found to be in the ranges of 1.9 % to 6.6% and 4.3% to 8.6%, for intra- and inter-day analysis, respectively. This method was validated according to FDA guidance and applied to determine steroid hormone levels in the tissue homogenate of zebrafish acutely treated with caffeine and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Yan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiuli Yin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Ke Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-535-210-8286
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23
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Hanson S, Steeves K, Bagatim T, Hogan N, Wiseman S, Hontela A, Giesy JP, Jones PD, Hecker M. Health status of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) populations in a municipal wastewater effluent-dominated stream in the Canadian prairies, Wascana Creek, Saskatchewan. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 238:105933. [PMID: 34385070 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Their unique hydrological and climatic conditions render surface water systems in the southern Canadian Prairies at an elevated risk from exposure to contaminants released from municipal wastewater effluents (MWWEs). The aim of this study was to characterize the potential health effects and their underlying molecular mechanisms in populations of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas; FHM) in Wascana Creek, an effluent dominated stream in Southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Studies were conducted during the spawning season in 2014 and 2015 to assess responses in terms of overall health, reproductive functions, plasma sex steroid hormone levels, and expression of selected genes along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. FHM downstream of the effluent fallout had lower gonadosomatic indices and significantly greater hepatosomatic indices compared to upstream populations. In both male and female FHMs, significantly greater occurrence and severity of gonadal degradation and delayed maturation were observed in downstream fish compared to upstream fish. Downstream males also displayed lower scores of secondary sexual characteristics and a decreasing trend in plasma 11-ketotestosterone levels. Interestingly, no indications of exposure to estrogenic compounds, such as occurrence of testicular oocytes were observed, which was in accordance with the lack of presence of key biomarkers of estrogenic exposure, such as induction of vitellogenin. In general, expression of the majority of transcripts measured in FHMs downstream of the effluent fallout was significantly downregulated, which supports observations of the general deterioration of the health and reproductive status of these fish. Chemical analysis indicated that 10 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were present at the downstream site, some at sufficiently great concentrations that may present a risk to aquatic organisms. With continuous exposure to a diverse number of stressors including high nutrient and ammonia levels, the presence of a variety of PPCPs and other contaminants, Wascana Creek should be considered as an ecosystem at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hanson
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - K Steeves
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - T Bagatim
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - N Hogan
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - S Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - A Hontela
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - J P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - P D Jones
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - M Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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24
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Zhang Q, Yu S, Chen X, Fu L, Dai W, Gu S. Stereoisomeric selectivity in the endocrine-disrupting potential of cypermethrin using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico assays. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125389. [PMID: 33677314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of cypermethrin (CYP) stereoisomers in environment biota, the stereoisomeric selectivity of endocrine-disrupting potency of α-CYP, β-CYP, and θ-CYP has not been well studied. In this study, dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were adopted to analyze their potential endocrine-disrupting effects via four receptors (ERα, GRα, MR and RXR). The results showed that α-CYP was antagonistic to ERα, GRα, and MR with RIC20 of 9.1 × 10-7, 7.6 × 10-7, and 1.0 × 10-6 M, respectively. β-CYP exhibited only ERα-mediated agonistic activity with a REC20 of 2.1 × 10-6 M. None of the CYP stereoisomers interacted with RXR. Molecular docking indicated that α-CYP had the strongest binding capacity to GRα among the compounds. The expression levels of steroid hormone-related genes in human adrenocortical carcinoma (H295R) cells displayed that all three compounds inhibited the transcription of 3-βHSD, indicating the block of turning cholesterol into different hormones. Both α-CYP and β-CYP upregulated genes encoding estrogen- and aldosterone-forming enzymes including 17-βHSD, CYP19, STAR, and CYP11B2. Mortality and malformation toxicity assays in zebrafish embryos revealed that the order of toxicity was α-CYP > β-CYP > θ-CYP. Our results indicated that α-CYP may pose the strongest endocrine-disrupting effects. The data provided here will be helpful to systematically understand stereoisomeric selectivity in the endocrine-disrupting effects of cypermethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China.
| | - Shuqing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Institute of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Lili Fu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Wei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Sijia Gu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
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25
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You HH, Song G. Review of endocrine disruptors on male and female reproductive systems. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 244:109002. [PMID: 33610819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) interfere with different hormonal and metabolic processes and disrupt the development of organs and tissues, as well as the reproductive system. In toxicology research, various animal models have been utilized to compare and characterize the effects of EDs. We reviewed studies assessing the effect of ED exposure in humans, zebrafish, and mouse models and the adverse effects of EDs on male and female reproductive systems. This review outlines the distinctive morphological characteristics, as well as gene expression, factors, and mechanisms that are known to occur in response to EDs. In each animal model, disturbances in the reproductive system were associated with certain factors of apoptosis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, estrogen receptor pathway-induced meiotic disruption, and steroidogenesis. The effects of bisphenol A, phthalate, and 17α-ethinylestradiol have been investigated in animal models, each providing supporting outcomes and elaborating the key regulators of male and female reproductive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyekyoung Hannah You
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Mangus LM, França MS, Shivaprasad HL, Wolf JC. Research-Relevant Background Lesions and Conditions in Common Avian and Aquatic Species. ILAR J 2021; 62:169-202. [PMID: 33782706 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-mammalian vertebrates including birds, fish, and amphibians have a long history of contributing to ground-breaking scientific discoveries. Because these species offer several experimental advantages over higher vertebrates and share extensive anatomic and genetic homology with their mammalian counterparts, they remain popular animal models in a variety of fields such as developmental biology, physiology, toxicology, drug discovery, immunology, toxicology, and infectious disease. As with all animal models, familiarity with the anatomy, physiology, and spontaneous diseases of these species is necessary for ensuring animal welfare, as well as accurate interpretation and reporting of study findings. Working with avian and aquatic species can be especially challenging in this respect due to their rich diversity and array of unique adaptations. Here, we provide an overview of the research-relevant anatomic features, non-infectious conditions, and infectious diseases that impact research colonies of birds and aquatic animals, including fish and Xenopus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Mangus
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Monique S França
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - H L Shivaprasad
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Tulare, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Wolf
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Sterling, Virginia, USA
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27
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Chan W, Shaughnessy AEP, van den Berg CP, Garson MJ, Cheney KL. The Validity of Brine Shrimp (Artemia Sp.) Toxicity Assays to Assess the Ecological Function of Marine Natural Products. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:834-846. [PMID: 33713252 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many organisms employ toxic compounds for protection against predators. To understand the effectiveness of such compounds, chemoecological studies often use brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) as a model organism instead of more ecologically relevant species. This is mostly because brine shrimp assays are simple and quick, but also due to the ethical implications associated with inducing harm to vertebrate predators in toxicity assays. In this study, we examined whether brine shrimp assays produce similar results to ichthyological toxicity assays with the aim of validating the use of brine shrimp as a preliminary screening tool. We extracted compounds from eight nudibranch molluscs including six species that we consider to signal their chemical defenses via warning coloration to visually hunting vertebrate predators. We tested the relative toxicity of these compounds against brine shrimp and a vertebrate potential predator, the blue-green damselfish (Chromis viridis). We found that extracts toxic to brine shrimp were also toxic to damselfish; however, extracts non-toxic to brine shrimp may still be toxic to damselfish. We also produced and tested mantle vs whole-body extracts for some nudibranch species, which exhibited similar toxicities in both assays except for the whole-body extract of Goniobranchus splendidus which was harmless to shrimp but toxic to fish, while the mantle extract was toxic to both. Overall, we argue that the brine shrimp assay can reasonably indicate the potential toxicity of a compound to fish, but additional experiments with more ecologically relevant predators are required if a no dose-response is observed against brine shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Chan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | | | - Cedric P van den Berg
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mary J Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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28
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Davico CE, Pereira AG, Nezzi L, Jaramillo ML, de Melo MS, Müller YMR, Nazari EM. Reproductive toxicity of Roundup WG® herbicide: impairments in ovarian follicles of model organism Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15147-15159. [PMID: 33226558 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides are widely used in global agriculture, and their effects on different non-target animal organisms have been the focus of many toxicological studies. Regarding the potential role of glyphosate-based herbicides as an endocrine disruptor, the present study aims to investigate the effects of the herbicide Roundup WG® (RWG) on female reproduction, specifically on the ovarian maturation of Danio rerio. Adult females were exposed to low concentrations of RWG (0.065, 0.65, and 6.5 mg L-1) for 15 days, and then the ovaries were submitted to structural and morphometric procedures, accompanied by analysis of the vitellin protein content. Our results showed an increase of initial ovarian follicle numbers, decrease of late ovarian follicles, and smaller diameter of ovarian follicles in fish exposed to 0.065 and 6.5 mg L-1. The thickness of vitelline envelope was reduced, and the vitellin protein content was increased in the ovarian follicle in the two highest concentrations. Ultrastructural changes in the ovarian follicular component were evident and expressed by the cell index; vacuolization in follicular cells, increase of perivitelline space, and impaired mitochondria in oocytes were observed. Therefore, RWG adversely affects the ovarian maturation in D. rerio, and these changes can lead to reproductive toxicity, compromising population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Eliana Davico
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Guimarães Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Luciane Nezzi
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Michael Lorenz Jaramillo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Madson Silveira de Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Rauh Müller
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Garcia-Gonzalez N, Prete R, Perugini M, Merola C, Battista N, Corsetti A. Probiotic antigenotoxic activity as a DNA bioprotective tool: a minireview with focus on endocrine disruptors. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:5775479. [PMID: 32124914 PMCID: PMC7082702 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the interest in the role of dietary components able to influence the composition and the activity of the intestinal microbiota and, consequently, to modulate the risk of genotoxicity and colon cancer is increasing in the scientific community. Within this topic, the microbial ability to have a protective role at gastrointestinal level by counteracting the biological activity of genotoxic compounds, and thus preventing the DNA damage, is deemed important in reducing gut pathologies and is considered a new tool for probiotics and functional foods. A variety of genotoxic compounds can be found in the gut and, besides food-related mutagens and other DNA-reacting compounds, there is a group of pollutants commonly used in food packaging and/or in thousands of everyday products called endocrine disruptors (EDs). EDs are exogenous substances that alter the functions of the endocrine system through estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity, which interfere with normal hormonal function in human and wildlife. Thus, this paper summarizes the main applications of probiotics, mainly lactobacilli, as a bio-protective tool to counteract genotoxic and mutagenic agents, by biologically inhibiting the related DNA damage in the gut and highlights the emerging perspectives to enlarge and further investigate the microbial bio-protective role at intestinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberta Prete
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Monia Perugini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Carmine Merola
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Natalia Battista
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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Tinguely SM, David A, Lange A, Tyler CR. Effects of maternal exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 17α-ethinyloestradiol in a live bearing freshwater fish, Xenotoca eiseni (Cyprinodontiformes, Goodeidae). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 232:105746. [PMID: 33515925 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The viviparous teleost Redtail Splitfin (Xenotoca eiseni) is a live bearing fish that presents a novel freshwater model for investigating the effects of maternally derived micropollutants on vulnerable early developmental life stages. Here, adult female X. eiseni were exposed to 17α-ethinyloestradiol (EE2), a potent contraceptive oestrogen, at environmentally relevant concentrations, to investigate for effects on sex partitioning and development. Pregnant and non-pregnant females were exposed for four weeks to EE2 at measured concentrations of 0.9 and 3.4 ng/L EE2 and offspring from gravid females were kept in clean water for a further four weeks. Only pregnant females were seen to respond to 3.4 ng/L EE2 with an increase in the transcription of hepatic vitellogenins (vtgA, vtgB and vtgC). Offspring of exposed mothers showed no obvious effects on somatic growth, gonadal development, sex partitioning or development. However, there was a higher rate of deformities and developmental abnormalities in offspring of EE2-exposed females. The work presented provides the foundation for the development of X. eiseni as a new freshwater model for studies on maternal transfer of chemical pollutants in live bearing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Tinguely
- University of Exeter, Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
| | - Arthur David
- University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Anke Lange
- University of Exeter, Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
| | - Charles R Tyler
- University of Exeter, Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
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31
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Blackwell BR, Ankley GT. Simultaneous determination of a suite of endogenous steroids by LC-APPI-MS: Application to the identification of endocrine disruptors in aquatic toxicology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1163:122513. [PMID: 33440276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) can alter steroid hormone production in vertebrates, sometimes leading to adverse reproductive or developmental effects. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods are the gold standard for analyte confirmation and quantification in biological matrices, but radioimmunoassays (RIAs) are most commonly used for measurement of select steroid hormones in aquatic toxicology studies. Existing methods for steroid quantification often employ derivatization, limiting the range of steroids that can be simultaneously measured in a single process. In the current study, a method for the simultaneous measurement of thirteen endogenous steroids in small sample volumes without derivatization using liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-APPI-MS/MS) was developed. Several physiologically important steroids, including 11-deoxycortisol, 11-ketotestosterone, 17α- and 17β-estradiol, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 17,20β-dihydroxyprogesterone, 17,20β,21-trihydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, cortisol, estriol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone, were selected for the analysis. The method was validated for application to small volumes of fish plasma and fish holding water. Method detection limits using only 10 µL of plasma ranged from 0.05 to 1.0 ng/mL. As a potential surrogate for plasma steroid measurements, fish holding water was analyzed to measure excreted steroids. Lower limits of quantification when using 0.25 L of water ranged from 0.05 to 1.0 ng/L. The validated method was applied to two different experiments with small fish species exposed to an EDC known to affect steroid synthesis, fadrozole. Concentrations of the 13 steroids were measured in plasma or holding water from the studies. This work demonstrates the potential application of the developed method to measure endogenous steroids for identification of EDCs in aquatic toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Blackwell
- US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
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Doering JA, Villeneuve DL, Tilton CB, Kittelson AR, Blackwell BR, Kahl MD, Jensen KM, Poole ST, Cavallin JE, Cole AR, Dean KN, LaLone CA, Ankley GT. Assessing effects of aromatase inhibition on fishes with group-synchronous oocyte development using western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) as a model. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 232:105741. [PMID: 33450672 PMCID: PMC8255332 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to certain anthropogenic chemicals can inhibit the activity to cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) in fishes leading to decreased plasma 17β-estradiol (E2), plasma vitellogenin (VTG), and egg production. Reproductive dysfunction resulting from exposure to aromatase inhibitors has been extensively investigated in several laboratory model species of fish. These model species have ovaries that undergo asynchronous oocyte development, but many fishes have ovaries with group-synchronous oocyte development. Fishes with group-synchronous oocyte development have dynamic reproductive cycles which typically occur annually and are often triggered by complex environmental cues. This has resulted in a lack of test data and uncertainty regarding sensitivities to and adverse effects of aromatase inhibition. The present study used the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) as a laboratory model to investigate adverse effects of chemical aromatase inhibition on group-synchronous oocyte development. Adult female western mosquitofish were exposed to either 0, 2, or 30 μg/L of the model nonsteroidal aromatase inhibiting chemical, fadrozole, for a complete reproductive cycle. Fish were sampled at four time-points representing pre-vitellogenic resting, early vitellogenesis, late vitellogenesis/early ovarian recrudescence, and late ovarian recrudescence. Temporal changes in numerous reproductive parameters were measured, including gonadosomatic index (GSI), plasma sex steroids, and expression of selected genes in the brain, liver, and gonad that are important for reproduction. In contrast to fish from the control treatment, fish exposed to 2 and 30 μg/L of fadrozole had persistent elevated expression of cyp19 in the ovary, depressed expression of vtg in the liver, and a low GSI. These responses suggest that completion of a group-synchronous reproductive cycle was unsuccessful during the assay in fish from either fadrozole treatment. These adverse effects data show that exposure to aromatase inhibitors has the potential to cause reproductive dysfunction in a wide range of fishes with both asynchronous and group-synchronous reproductive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Doering
- National Research Council, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States.
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Charlene B Tilton
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Ashley R Kittelson
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Michael D Kahl
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Kathleen M Jensen
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Shane T Poole
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Jenna E Cavallin
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Alexander R Cole
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Kendra N Dean
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
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Nouri MZ, Kroll KJ, Webb M, Denslow ND. Quantification of steroid hormones in low volume plasma and tissue homogenates of fish using LC-MS/MS. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 296:113543. [PMID: 32598883 PMCID: PMC7447131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of steroid hormones in fish is an important step for toxicology and endocrinology studies. Among the hormone analysis techniques, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has widely been used for measuring hormones in various biological samples. Despite all improvements in the technique, detection of several hormones in a low volume of serum or plasma is still challenging. We developed a robust method for simultaneous quantification of 14 steroid hormones including corticosterone, cortisol, 11-ketotestosterone, progesterone, testosterone, 17OH-progesterone, aldosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, ethinylestradiol, levonorgestrel and equilin from volumes as low as 10 µL serum or plasma in a short run by LC-MS/MS. The lowest limit of detection in 10 µL serum was 0.012 ng/mL measured for cortisol, progesterone, testosterone, 17OH-progesterone and estrone. Use of high (25 times more) serum volume improved detection limit of hormones by 2-40 times. The method was compared with the radioimmunoassay technique in which testosterone and 17β-estradiol were highly correlated with R2 of 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. We validated the method by measuring four selected hormones, in low and high plasma volumes of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). In addition, we developed a method to quantify hormones in whole body fish homogenates of small fish and compared the values to plasma concentrations, using fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Calculated concentrations of the hormones in plasma were consistent with those in the homogenate and 11-ketotestosterone and 17β-estradiol were significantly different in males and females. The ability to measure hormones from whole body homogenates was further evaluated in two model small fish species, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and juvenile silverside (Menidia beryllina). These results suggest that whole tissue homogenate is a reliable alternative for hormone quantification when sufficient plasma is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Kevin J Kroll
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Molly Webb
- USFWS, Bozeman Fish Technology Center, Bozeman, MT 59517, United States
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
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Elizalde-Velázquez A, Crago J, Zhao X, Green MJ, Cañas-Carrell JE. In vivo effects on the immune function of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) following ingestion and intraperitoneal injection of polystyrene nanoplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139461. [PMID: 32470671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (1-100 nm) are potentially the most hazardous litter in the environment. Recent scientific studies have documented their toxic effects at the cellular and molecular levels, but knowledge underlying mechanisms of their toxicity is still scarce. Nanoplastics are known for their ability to induce immune and inflammatory responses as well as generating reactive oxygen species. While some studies have addressed the immunotoxicity of nanoplastics in vitro and on in vivo in fish after intraperitoneal injection, no information is available on adult fish after ingestion of a contaminated prey. The present study is the first to attempt to address the immunotoxicity of nanoplastics in adult fish after trophic transfer. Pimephales promelas is a well-established bioindicator species to study the immunotoxicity of nanoparticles and the innate immune responses of fish. This study aims to assess the in vivo innate immune response of adult P. promelas following exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics by measuring the gene expression of ncf, nox2, mst1 and c3; these genes are related with the immune function of neutrophils, macrophages and complement in fish. Two target organs (liver and head kidney) and two routes of exposure (IP- injection and ingestion) were analyzed. After 48 h of exposure, polystyrene nanoplastics were encountered in the liver and kidney of both IP-injection and ingestion exposed fish, and significantly affected the innate immune system of P. promelas by downregulating the gene expression ncf, mst1, and c3 in liver and kidney. Significant difference between treatments was only observed for the gene expression of nfc in liver. Results of this study indicate that polystyrene nanoplastics can exhibit immunotoxicity in fish through an environmentally relevant route of exposure, interfering with the synthesis and function of neutrophils, macrophages, and complement of P. promelas in their principal hematopoietic tissues, which may potentially compromise its ability to survive in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Elizalde-Velázquez
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Jordan Crago
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jaclyn E Cañas-Carrell
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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Doering JA, Villeneuve DL, Fay KA, Randolph EC, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, LaLone CA, Ankley GT. Differential Sensitivity to In Vitro Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Aromatase (CYP19) Activity Among 18 Freshwater Fishes. Toxicol Sci 2020; 170:394-403. [PMID: 31099392 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant concern regarding potential impairment of fish reproduction associated with endocrine disrupting chemicals. Aromatase (CYP19) is a steroidogenic enzyme involved in the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Inhibition of aromatase by chemicals can result in reduced concentrations of estrogens leading to adverse reproductive effects. These effects have been extensively investigated in a small number of laboratory model fishes, such as fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), and zebrafish (Danio rerio). But, differences in sensitivity among species are largely unknown. Therefore, this study took a first step toward understanding potential differences in sensitivity to aromatase inhibitors among fishes. Specifically, a standard in vitro aromatase inhibition assay using subcellular fractions of whole tissue homogenates was used to evaluate the potential sensitivity of 18 phylogenetically diverse species of freshwater fish to the nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor fadrozole. Sensitivity to fadrozole ranged by more than 52-fold among these species. Five species were further investigated for sensitivity to up to 4 additional nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors, letrozole, imazalil, prochloraz, and propiconazole. Potencies of each of these chemicals relative to fadrozole ranged by up to 2 orders of magnitude among the 5 species. Fathead minnow, Japanese medaka, and zebrafish were among the least sensitive to all the investigated chemicals; therefore, ecological risks of aromatase inhibitors derived from these species might not be adequately protective of more sensitive native fishes. This information could guide more objective ecological risk assessments of native fishes to chemicals that inhibit aromatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Doering
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division.,National Research Council, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
| | | | - Kellie A Fay
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division.,Biology Department, University of Minnesota-Duluth
| | - Eric C Randolph
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
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Mi P, Gao Q, Feng ZY, Zhang JW, Zhao X, Chen DY, Feng XZ. Melatonin attenuates 17β-trenbolone induced insomnia-like phenotype and movement deficiency in zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126762. [PMID: 32302915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
17β-trenbolone (17β-TBOH) is one of the dominant metabolites of trenbolone acetate, which is widely applied in beef cattle operations around the globe. The effects of environmental concentrations of 17β-trenbolone on the early development of zebrafish embryos have received very little attention. Melatonin could regulate sleep-wake cycle and plays a protective role in various adverse conditions. Here, environmentally realistic concentrations of 17β-trenbolone (1 ng/L, 10 ng/L, 50 ng/L) has been exposure to zebrafish embryos at 2 h postfertilization (hpf). The results showed that 10 ng/L and 50 ng/L 17β-trenbolone disturbed the distribution of caudal primary motoneurons and downregulated expression of motoneuron development related genes along with locomotion decreasing. While melatonin could recover the detrimental effects caused by 17β-trenbolone. Interestingly, 17β-trenbolone exposure increased waking activity and decreased rest even in a low dose (1 ng/L). Moreover, it upregulated hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) signaling which promotes wakefulness. Melatonin restored the insomnia-like alternation induced by 17β-trenbolone exposure. Collectively, we conclude that 17β-trenbolone disturbed motoneuron development and altered sleep/wake behavior, while melatonin could alleviate the deleterious influence on motoneuron development and recover the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ze-Yang Feng
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Dong-Yan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Xi-Zeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Adeyeye AO, Laub BG. Quantification of estrogen concentration in a creek receiving wastewater treatment plant effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:426. [PMID: 32533378 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen in streams threatens aquatic animals, especially where wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent contributes to baseflow. We investigated total estrogen (E1+E2+E3) as estradiol equivalent (E2) and ethynylestradiol (EE2) concentration in Cibolo Creek (Cibolo), a groundwater-fed stream near San Antonio, TX, receiving effluent via two WWTP. We collected water samples bi-monthly from late spring to early fall 2018 in Cibolo and WWTP effluent, and used ELISA analysis and discharge measurements to determine concentrations and loads of estrogens. We measured several environmental variables to investigate what factors influenced estrogen concentrations in Cibolo downstream from WWTP inputs. Mean concentrations of WWTP effluent (E2, 41.43 ± 15.48; EE2, 11.40 ± 2.07 ng L-1) were higher compared with concentrations in Cibolo, both downstream (E2, 30.09 ± 25.85; EE2, 6.33 ± 1.92 ng L-1) and upstream (E2, 12.91 ± 11.12; EE2, 4.5 ± 1.38 ng L-1) of WWTP inputs. Both E2 and EE2 concentrations decreased downstream from WWTP inputs, a section of stream without large quantities of fine sediments for sorption, indicating potential dilution or chemical and biological degradation. Effluent into Cibolo via the first, and older, WWTP contributed the most estrogen load in Cibolo. Median concentrations of E2 and EE2 were 19 and 5 ng L-1, respectively, downstream of WWTP inputs, concentrations known to affect reproductive processes of aquatic biota and impair human health. Results suggest estrogens may pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems wherever WWTP effluent comprises a majority of baseflow, though further studies are required in this stream to verify biological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebayo O Adeyeye
- Department of Environmental Science & Ecology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Brian G Laub
- Department of Environmental Science & Ecology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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Couderq S, Leemans M, Fini JB. Testing for thyroid hormone disruptors, a review of non-mammalian in vivo models. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 508:110779. [PMID: 32147522 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play critical roles in profound changes in many vertebrates, notably in mammalian neurodevelopment, although the precise molecular mechanisms of these fundamental biological processes are still being unravelled. Environmental and health concerns prompted the development of chemical safety testing and, in the context of endocrine disruption, identification of thyroid hormone axis disrupting chemicals (THADCs) remains particularly challenging. As various molecules are known to interfere with different levels of TH signalling, screening tests for THADCs may not rely solely on in vitro ligand/receptor binding to TH receptors. Therefore, alternatives to mammalian in vivo assays featuring TH-related endpoints that are more sensitive than circulatory THs and more rapid than thyroid histopathology are needed to fulfil the ambition of higher throughput screening of the myriad of environmental chemicals. After a detailed introduction of the context, we have listed current assays and parameters to assess thyroid disruption following a literature search of recent publications referring to non-mammalian models. Potential THADCs were mostly investigated in zebrafish and the frog Xenopus laevis, an amphibian model extensively used to study TH signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Couderq
- Unité PhyMA laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Leemans
- Unité PhyMA laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Unité PhyMA laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France.
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Gonçalves ÍFS, Souza TM, Vieira LR, Marchi FC, Nascimento AP, Farias DF. Toxicity testing of pesticides in zebrafish-a systematic review on chemicals and associated toxicological endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10185-10204. [PMID: 32062774 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) has arisen as a promising biological platform for toxicity testing of pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. Therefore, it is relevant to assess the use of zebrafish in models of exposure to investigate the diversity of pesticide-associated toxicity endpoints which have been reported. Thus, this review aimed to assess the recent literature on the use of zebrafish in pesticide toxicity studies to capture data on the types of pesticide used, classes of pesticides, and zebrafish life stages associated with toxicity endpoints and phenotypic observations. A total of 352 articles published between September 2012 and May 2019 were curated. The results show an increased trend in the use of zebrafish for testing the toxicity of pesticides, with a great diversity of pesticides (203) and chemical classes (58) with different applications (41) being used. Furthermore, experimental outcomes could be clustered in 13 toxicity endpoints, mainly developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity. Organophosphorus, pyrethroid, azole, and triazine were the most studied classes of pesticides and associated with various toxicity endpoints. Studies frequently opted for early life stages (embryos and larvae). Although there is an evident lack of standardization of nomenclatures and phenotypic alterations, the information gathered here highlights associations between (classes of) pesticides and endpoints, which can be used to relate mechanisms of action specific to certain classes of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íris Flávia Sousa Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, CEP, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Campus Pici, CEP, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Maria Souza
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands.
| | - Leonardo Rogério Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Campus Pici, CEP, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Filipi Calbaizer Marchi
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, CEP, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Adailton Pascoal Nascimento
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, CEP, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Davi Felipe Farias
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, CEP, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil.
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Campus Pici, CEP, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Brazil.
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Hu L, Chernick M, Lewis AM, Ferguson PL, Hinton DE. Chronic microfiber exposure in adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229962. [PMID: 32150587 PMCID: PMC7062270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastic fibers (MFs) pollute aquatic habitats globally via sewage release, stormwater runoff, or atmospheric deposition. Of the synthetic MFs, polyester (PES) and polypropylene (PP) are the most common. Field studies show that fish ingest large quantities of MFs. However, few laboratory studies have addressed host responses, particularly at the organ and tissue levels. Adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), a laboratory model fish, were exposed to aqueous concentrations of PES or PP MFs (10,000 MFs/L) for 21 days. Medaka egested 1,367 ± 819 PES MFs (0.1 ± 0.04 mg) and 157 ± 105 PP MFs (1.4 ± 0.06 mg) per 24 hrs, with PP egestion increasing over time. Exposure did not result in changes in body condition, gonadosomatic- or hepatosomatic indices. PES exposure resulted in no reproductive changes, but females exposed to PP MFs produced more eggs over time. MF exposure did not affect embryonic mortality, development, or hatching. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of gills revealed denuding of epithelium on arches, fusion of primary lamellae, and increased mucus. Histologic sections revealed aneurysms in secondary lamellae, epithelial lifting, and swellings of inner opercular membrane that altered morphology of rostral most gill lamellae. SEM and histochemical analyses showed increased mucous cells and secretions on epithelium of foregut; however, overt abrasions with sloughing of cells were absent. For these reasons, increased focus at the tissue and cell levels proved necessary to appreciate toxicity associated with MFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Hu
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Melissa Chernick
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Lewis
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - P. Lee Ferguson
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David E. Hinton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cassar S, Adatto I, Freeman JL, Gamse JT, Iturria I, Lawrence C, Muriana A, Peterson RT, Van Cruchten S, Zon LI. Use of Zebrafish in Drug Discovery Toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:95-118. [PMID: 31625720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unpredicted human safety events in clinical trials for new drugs are costly in terms of human health and money. The drug discovery industry attempts to minimize those events with diligent preclinical safety testing. Current standard practices are good at preventing toxic compounds from being tested in the clinic; however, false negative preclinical toxicity results are still a reality. Continual improvement must be pursued in the preclinical realm. Higher-quality therapies can be brought forward with more information about potential toxicities and associated mechanisms. The zebrafish model is a bridge between in vitro assays and mammalian in vivo studies. This model is powerful in its breadth of application and tractability for research. In the past two decades, our understanding of disease biology and drug toxicity has grown significantly owing to thousands of studies on this tiny vertebrate. This Review summarizes challenges and strengths of the model, discusses the 3Rs value that it can deliver, highlights translatable and untranslatable biology, and brings together reports from recent studies with zebrafish focusing on new drug discovery toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Cassar
- Preclinical Safety , AbbVie , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Isaac Adatto
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Freeman
- School of Health Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Joshua T Gamse
- Drug Safety Evaluation , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | | | - Christian Lawrence
- Aquatic Resources Program , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | | | - Randall T Peterson
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | | | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department , Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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Doering JA, Villeneuve DL, Poole ST, Blackwell BR, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, Kittelson AR, Feifarek DJ, Tilton CB, LaLone CA, Ankley GT. Quantitative Response-Response Relationships Linking Aromatase Inhibition to Decreased Fecundity are Conserved Across Three Fishes with Asynchronous Oocyte Development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:10470-10478. [PMID: 31386814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative adverse outcome pathways (qAOPs) describe quantitative response-response relationships that can predict the probability or severity of an adverse outcome for a given magnitude of chemical interaction with a molecular initiating event. However, the taxonomic domain of applicability for these predictions is largely untested. The present study began defining this applicability for a previously described qAOP for aromatase inhibition leading to decreased fecundity developed using data from fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). This qAOP includes quantitative response-response relationships describing plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) as a function of plasma fadrozole, plasma vitellogenin (VTG) as a function of plasma E2, and fecundity as a function of plasma VTG. These quantitative response-response relationships simulated plasma E2, plasma VTG, and fecundity measured in female zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to fadrozole for 21 days but not these responses measured in female Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). However, Japanese medaka had different basal levels of plasma E2, plasma VTG, and fecundity. Normalizing basal levels of each measurement to equal those of female fathead minnow enabled the relationships to accurately simulate plasma E2, plasma VTG, and fecundity measured in female Japanese medaka. This suggests that these quantitative response-response relationships are conserved across these three fishes when considering relative change rather than absolute measurements. The present study represents an early step toward defining the appropriate taxonomic domain of applicability and extending the regulatory applications of this qAOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Doering
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Duluth , Minnesota 55804 United States
- National Research Council , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Duluth , Minnesota 55804 United States
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Duluth , Minnesota 55804 United States
| | - Shane T Poole
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Duluth , Minnesota 55804 United States
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Duluth , Minnesota 55804 United States
| | - Kathleen M Jensen
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Duluth , Minnesota 55804 United States
| | - Michael D Kahl
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Duluth , Minnesota 55804 United States
| | - Ashley R Kittelson
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Duluth , Minnesota 55804 United States
| | - David J Feifarek
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Duluth , Minnesota 55804 United States
| | - Charlene B Tilton
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Duluth , Minnesota 55804 United States
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Duluth , Minnesota 55804 United States
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Duluth , Minnesota 55804 United States
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Gerhart AK, Janz DM. Toxicity of Aqueous L-Selenomethionine and Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide Exposure to Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Embryos Following Tert-Butyl Hydroquinone Treatment. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7030044. [PMID: 31470549 PMCID: PMC6789818 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous L-selenomethionine (SeMet) embryo exposures represent a rapid and simplified method for investigating the embryotoxic effects of SeMet. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism, the objective of the present study was to characterize the effects of waterborne exposure to both SeMet and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) to early life stages of zebrafish pre-treated with the antioxidant tert-butyl hydroquinone (tBHQ) in an attempt to investigate the mechanism of Se toxicity as it relates to oxidative stress. During the initial concentration range finding experiment, recently fertilized embryos were exposed for five days to 5, 25, 125, and 625 µg Se/L (as SeMet). These exposures informed the second experiment in which embryos were exposed to two concentrations of SeMet (25 and 125 µg Se/L) and 75 mg/L tBOOH either with (tBOOH-t, 25-t, 125-t) or without (tBOOH, 25, 125) a 4 h 100 µg/L tBHQ pre-treatment. Survival, hatchability, time to hatch, the frequency and severity of deformities (total and type), and changes in the expression of seven antioxidant-associated genes were determined. Exposures to SeMet and tBOOH reduced hatchability, increased time to hatch, decreased survival, increased the incidence and severity of deformities, and increased glutathione-disulfide reductase (gsr) expression in the pre-treated tBOOH treatment group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson K Gerhart
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - David M Janz
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
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Mihaich E, Capdevielle M, Urbach-Ross D, Gallagher S, Wolf J. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Multigeneration Test with Triclosan. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1770-1783. [PMID: 31017693 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The medaka extended one-generation reproduction test (MEOGRT) is a tier-2 study in the US Environmental Protection Agency's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program and a level-5 study in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's conceptual framework. Integrating nonspecific apical and endocrine-specific mechanistic endpoints, results of a MEOGRT can be used, with other data, in a weight-of-evidence evaluation to establish a dose-response relationship for risk assessment and identify potential causal relationships between an endocrine mode of action and adverse effects. The MEOGRT test design was used to evaluate the multigenerational effects of the antimicrobial agent triclosan. Japanese medaka were exposed to nominal concentrations of 1.4, 2.8, 5.6, 11, and 23 μg/L triclosan and a dilution water control starting with adult medaka (F0) through hatch in the second generation (F2). No consistent or concentration-related responses occurred in the 182-d test that suggested an endocrine-mediated effect. There were no impacts on hepatic vitellogenin, secondary sex characteristics, or sex ratio that were linked to an adverse reproductive outcome. Histopathological responses were consistent with a toxic or stress effect, particularly when considered in context with observed reductions in growth. The overall population-relevant no-observed-effect concentration was 11 µg/L based on effects on growth. The results of the present study support a previously conducted weight-of-evidence evaluation concluding that triclosan does not act as an agonist or antagonist within estrogen, androgen, thyroid, or steroidogenic pathways. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1770-1783. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Mihaich
- Environmental and Regulatory Resources, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Wolf
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia, USA
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45
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Ferreira MF, Lo Nostro F, Honji R, Ansaldo M, Genovese G. Endocrine and reproductive endpoints of Notothenia rossii and N. coriiceps: A baseline study for ecotoxicological monitoring in Antarctic waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:418-428. [PMID: 31590805 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollution threats Antarctica and scientists blame xenobiotics and anthropic activities. Yet little is known about their effect on Antarctic ichthyofauna. Accordingly, we investigated the endocrine system of male fish Notothenia rossii and N. coriiceps (Perciformes, Nototheniidae) collected during Austral summer. For N. rossii, hormone levels of estradiol, testosterone, and 11-ketotestosterone were higher in fish collected during March than those of January; whereas for N. coriiceps estradiol and androgens levels were higher and lower in March, respectively. Histological analysis of the testes showed an unrestricted lobular type with no pathological alterations. However, detection of vitellogenin-like in plasma and skin mucus were seen in 75% of N. coriiceps males and 7% of N. rossii males. This is the first report of mucus vitellogenin-like detection as a non-invasive biomarker of endocrine disruption in notothenioid males and settles a baseline for future studies of reproductive biology and endocrine disruption in Antarctic fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Ferreira
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (IBBEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Lo Nostro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (IBBEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Renato Honji
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Ansaldo
- Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto, Dirección Nacional del Antártico, Instituto Antártico Argentino, Departamento de Ecofisiología y Ecotoxicología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Griselda Genovese
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (IBBEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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46
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Zaibel I, Appelbaum Y, Arnon S, Britzi M, Schwartsburd F, Snyder S, Zilberg D. The effect of tertiary treated wastewater on fish growth and health: Laboratory-scale experiment with Poecilia reticulata (guppy). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217927. [PMID: 31185032 PMCID: PMC6559704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Treated wastewater (TWW) constitutes a sustainable water resource and has been used for fish culture in some countries around the world, although there are no comprehensive data on the effect of TWW on fish growth and health in the context of aquaculture production. Our objectives were to examine how fish culture in TWW affected fish growth and fitness, as well as compliance with the international standards for safe consumption. Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) fingerlings were reared in 0%, 50% and 100% tertiary TWW (TTWW), from the age of five days, for a period of four months. In water analyses, 33 out of 67 tested organic micropollutants (OMPs) were detected in the TTWW samples at least once, at concentrations that are typically reported in domestic TTWW. Fish survival ranged between 77-80% and did not differ between treatment groups. Fish growth and mortality following challenge infection with Tetrahymena sp. (which ranged between 64-68%), were similar among treatment groups. Of tested immunological parameters, lysozyme and anti-protease was similar among treatments while complement activity was highest in the 50% TTWW-reared fish. No abnormalities were observed in the histopathological analysis. Levels of heavy metals, polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorines (OCs) in fish were below the detection limit and below the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the European Union EU maximal permitted levels in food fish. Results suggest that the yield of fish grown in TTWW is potentially similar to that in freshwater, and the produced fish comply with the standards of consumer safety. The results are in line with previous studies that examined the feasibility of TWW-fed aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Zaibel
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Yuval Appelbaum
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Shai Arnon
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Malka Britzi
- The National Residue Control Laboratory, The Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Frieda Schwartsburd
- The National Residue Control Laboratory, The Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Shane Snyder
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Dina Zilberg
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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Vimal D, Saini S, Kristipati RR, Chowdhuri DK. Atrazine or bisphenol A mediated negative modulation of mismatch repair gene, mlh1 leads to defective oogenesis and reduced female fertility in Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:247-258. [PMID: 30877919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study reports the effects of an herbicide (atrazine) and a plasticizer (Bisphenol A, BPA) on the transcriptional modulation of a mismatch repair gene (mlh1) and its adverse consequences on female fertility using Drosophila as a model. Through a chemical screen, we show that exposure to atrazine or BPA significantly downregulates mlh1 and the exposed flies had reduced fertility with smaller ovaries having reduced number of mature oocytes and abnormal distribution of ovarian follicles with increased apoptosis in them. These females had increased double-strand breaks as well as reduced synaptonemal complex formation in their ovaries suggesting altered meiotic crossing over. The eggs of these females were defective in their maternal transcripts as well as proteins and consequently, after fertilization, these eggs exhibited abnormal embryonic development. Interestingly, these phenotypes parallel that of mlh1 mutants. Further, exposure of females having reduced Mlh1 levels (mlh1e00130/CyO) to atrazine or BPA caused severe defective phenotypes at a higher proportion than normal flies. Our findings reveal the critical role of mlh1 in atrazine and BPA mediated female reproductive toxicity, and opens up a possibility of toxicants affecting female fertility by modulating the MMR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Vimal
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjay Saini
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Ram Kristipati
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.
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48
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Bertram MG, Martin JM, Saaristo M, Ecker TE, Michelangeli M, Deal NDS, Lim SL, O'Bryan MK, Wong BBM. Context-specific behavioural changes induced by exposure to an androgenic endocrine disruptor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:177-187. [PMID: 30743111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical contaminants are being detected with increased frequency in organisms and ecosystems worldwide. This represents a major environmental concern given that various pharmaceuticals act on drug targets that are evolutionarily conserved across diverse taxa, are often persistent in the environment, and can bioconcentrate in organisms and bioaccumulate in food chains. Despite this, relatively little is known about the potential for pharmaceutical contaminants to affect animal behaviour, especially across multiple fitness-related contexts. Here, we investigated impacts of 21-day exposure of wild-caught male eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) to a field-realistic level of the veterinary pharmaceutical 17β-trenbolone-a growth-promoting steroid used extensively in beef production worldwide and a potent androgenic endocrine disruptor repeatedly detected in surface waters affected by livestock effluent run-off. First, we examined male boldness, activity, and exploratory behaviour in a novel environment (maze arena) and found no significant effect of 17β-trenbolone exposure. Second, the same males were tested in a reproductive assay for their tendency to associate with a stimulus (unexposed) female behind a partition. Exposed males exhibited reduced association behaviour, taking longer to first associate with, and spending less time within close proximity to, a female. Third, all males were assayed for sperm function (computer-assisted sperm analysis, sperm viability) or quantity (total sperm count) and, although no significant main effects of 17β-trenbolone were seen on sperm traits, exposure altered the relationship between male morphology and sperm function. Lastly, morphological traits were assessed and exposed males were found to have, on average, increased mass relative to length. In combination, these results demonstrate that exposure to a field-realistic level of 17β-trenbolone can produce subtle but important trait alterations in male fish-including context-specific behavioural changes, disruption of key sperm function trade-offs, and altered morphology-with potential impacts on exposed wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Bertram
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jake M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minna Saaristo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiarne E Ecker
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus Michelangeli
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Nicholas D S Deal
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shu Ly Lim
- The Development and Stem Cells Program of Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; The Development and Stem Cells Program of Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Grindon C, Combes R, Cronin MTD, Roberts DW, Garrod J. Integrated Decision-tree Testing Strategies for Environmental Toxicity with Respect to the Requirements of the EU REACH Legislation. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 34:651-64. [PMID: 17266395 DOI: 10.1177/026119290603400607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liverpool John Moores University and FRAME recently conducted a research project sponsored by Defra on the status of alternatives to animal testing with regard to the European Union REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) system for safety testing and risk assessment of chemicals. The project covered all the main toxicity endpoints associated with the REACH system. This paper focuses on the prospects for using alternative methods (both in vitro and in silico) for environmental (aquatic) toxicity testing. The manuscript reviews tests based on fish cells and cell lines, fish embryos, lower organisms, and the many expert systems and QSARs for aquatic toxicity testing. Ways in which reduction and refinement measures can be used are also discussed, including the Upper Threshold Concentration -- Step Down (UTC) approach, which has recently been retrospectively validated by ECVAM and subsequently endorsed by the ECVAM Scientific Advisory Committee (ESAC). It is hoped that the application of this approach could reduce the number of fish used in acute toxicity studies by around 65-70%. Decision-tree style integrated testing strategies are also proposed for acute aquatic toxicity and chronic toxicity (including bioaccumulation), followed by a number of recommendations for the future facilitation of aquatic toxicity testing with respect to environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Grindon
- FRAME, Russell & Burch House, 96-98 North Sherwood Street, Nottingham, NG1 4EE, UK.
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Multiplex Analysis Platform for Endocrine Disruption Prediction Using Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071739. [PMID: 30965663 PMCID: PMC6479714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small fish are an excellent experimental model to screen endocrine-disrupting compounds, but current fish-based assays to detect endocrine disruption have not been standardized yet, meaning that there is not consensus on endpoints and biomarkers to be measured. Moreover, exposure conditions may vary depending on the species used as the experimental model and the endocrine pathway evaluated. At present, a battery of a wide range of assays is usually needed for the complete assessment of endocrine activities. With the aim of providing a simple, robust, and fast assay to assess endocrine-disrupting potencies for the three major endocrine axes, i.e., estrogens, androgens, and thyroid, we propose the use of a panel of eight gene expression biomarkers in zebrafish larvae. This includes brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) and vitellogenin 1 (vtg1) for estrogens, cytosolic sulfotransferase 2 family 2 (sult2st3) and cytochrome P450 2k22 (cyp2k22) for androgens, and thyroid peroxidase (tpo), transthyretin (ttr), thyroid receptor α (trα), and iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (dio2) for thyroid metabolism. All of them were selected according to their responses after exposure to the natural ligands 17β-estradiol, testosterone, and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), respectively, and subsequently validated using compounds reported as endocrine disruptors in previous studies. Cross-talk effects were also evaluated for all compounds.
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