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Ochoa Bernal MA, Fazleabas AT. The Known, the Unknown and the Future of the Pathophysiology of Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5815. [PMID: 38892003 PMCID: PMC11172035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is one of the most common causes of chronic pelvic pain and infertility, affecting 10% of women of reproductive age. A delay of up to 9 years is estimated between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of endometriosis. Endometriosis is currently defined as the presence of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells at ectopic sites; however, advances in research on endometriosis have some authors believing that endometriosis should be re-defined as "a fibrotic condition in which endometrial stroma and epithelium can be identified". There are several theories on the etiology of the disease, but the origin of endometriosis remains unclear. This review addresses the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are naturally occurring post-transcriptional regulatory molecules, in endometriotic lesion development, the inflammatory environment within the peritoneal cavity, including the role that cytokines play during the development of the disease, and how animal models have helped in our understanding of the pathology of this enigmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ariadna Ochoa Bernal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Asgerally T. Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
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2
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Chmielewski PP, Kozieł S, Borysławski K. Do the short die young? Evidence from a large sample of deceased Polish adults. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.86.1.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Body height is associated with various socioeconomic and health-related outcomes. Despite numerous studies, the relationship between stature and longevity remains uncertain. This study explores the association between self-reported height and lifespan. Data from 848,860 adults who died between 2004 and 2008 in Poland were collected. After excluding a small proportion of records due to missing data or errors, we examined records for 848,387 individuals (483,281 men, age range: 20–110 years; 365,106 women, age range: 20–112 years). Height was expressed as standardized residual variance derived from linear regression in order to eliminate the variance of year of birth on height. After the elimination of the cohort effect, five height classes were designated using centiles: very short, short, medium, tall and very tall. The differences between sexes and among classes were evaluated with two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test. The effect size was assessed using partial eta squared (η2). Pearson’s r coefficients of correlation were calculated. The effect of sex on lifespan was nearly 17 times stronger than the effect of height. No correlation between height and lifespan was found. In conclusion, these findings do not support the hypothesis that taller people have a longevity advantage. We offer tentative explanations for the obtained results.
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3
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Costa JP, Magalhães V, Araújo J, Ramos E. A lower energy intake contributes to a better cardiometabolic profile in adolescence: Data from the EPITeen cohort. Nutr Res 2023; 111:14-23. [PMID: 36791661 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction has been associated with improved cardiometabolic health. Available data in humans are commonly based on short follow-up periods, specific diets, or population groups. We hypothesized that participants of a population-based cohort (Epidemiological Health Investigation of Teenagers in Porto) with a dietary pattern characterized by a lower energy intake during adolescence have a better cardiometabolic profile in adolescence and young adulthood than other dietary patterns. At aged 13 and 21 year evaluations, diet, anthropometric, and cardiometabolic measures were assessed. Diet was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire and, at 13 years, summarized in dietary patterns identified by cluster analysis. The lower intake dietary pattern included 40% of the participants. The energy intake misreport was estimated using the Goldberg method. Analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used to compare cardiometabolic risk factors according to dietary patterns. The mean energy intake was 2394 and 2242 Kcal/d for the total sample at aged 13 years (n = 962) and 21 years (n = 862), respectively. Those belonging to the lower intake dietary pattern showed a 25% and 5% lower energy intake, respectively. In the cross-sectional analysis at aged 13, adolescents belonging to the lower intake dietary pattern presented lower glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and blood pressure values after adjusting for body mass index and parents' education level. Among the plausible reporters, differences were only statistically significant for glucose and systolic blood pressure. Our data support that a dietary pattern characterized by a lower energy intake may contribute to a better cardiometabolic profile in adolescents. However, no significant effect was found in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pinto Costa
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vânia Magalhães
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Araújo
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ramos
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Autophagy of naïve CD4 + T cells in aging - the role of body adiposity and physical fitness. Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e9. [PMID: 36655333 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased exponentially in the last century accompanied by disability, poor quality of life, and all-cause mortality in older age due to the high prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in older people. Biologically, the aging process reduces the cell's metabolic and functional efficiency, and disrupts the cell's anabolic and catabolic homeostasis, predisposing older people to many dysfunctional conditions such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and diabetes. In the immune system, aging also alters cells' metabolic and functional efficiency, a process known as 'immunosenescence', where cells become more broadly inflammatory and their functionality is altered. Notably, autophagy, the conserved and important cellular process that maintains the cell's efficiency and functional homeostasis may protect the immune system from age-associated dysfunctional changes by regulating cell death in activated CD4+ T cells. This regulatory process increases the delivery of the dysfunctional cytoplasmic material to lysosomal degradation while increasing cytokine production, proliferation, and differentiation of CD4+ T cell-mediated immune responses. Poor proliferation and diminished responsiveness to cytokines appear to be ubiquitous features of aged T cells and may explain the delayed peak in T cell expansion and cytotoxic activity commonly observed in the 'immunosenescence' phenotype in the elderly. On the other hand, physical exercise stimulates the expression of crucial nutrient sensors and inhibits the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade which increases autophagic activity in cells. Therefore, in this perspective review, we will first contextualize the overall view of the autophagy process and then, we will discuss how body adiposity and physical fitness may counteract autophagy in naïve CD4+ T cells in aging.
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Saris CGJ, Timmers S. Ketogenic diets and Ketone suplementation: A strategy for therapeutic intervention. Front Nutr 2022; 9:947567. [PMID: 36458166 PMCID: PMC9705794 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.947567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic diets and orally administered exogenous ketone supplements are strategies to increase serum ketone bodies serving as an alternative energy fuel for high energy demanding tissues, such as the brain, muscles, and the heart. The ketogenic diet is a low-carbohydrate and fat-rich diet, whereas ketone supplements are usually supplied as esters or salts. Nutritional ketosis, defined as serum ketone concentrations of ≥ 0.5 mmol/L, has a fasting-like effect and results in all sorts of metabolic shifts and thereby enhancing the health status. In this review, we thus discuss the different interventions to reach nutritional ketosis, and summarize the effects on heart diseases, epilepsy, mitochondrial diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Interest in the proposed therapeutic benefits of nutritional ketosis has been growing the past recent years. The implication of this nutritional intervention is becoming more evident and has shown interesting potential. Mechanistic insights explaining the overall health effects of the ketogenic state, will lead to precision nutrition for the latter diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan G. J. Saris
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Silvie Timmers
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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6
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Longo VD, Anderson RM. Nutrition, longevity and disease: From molecular mechanisms to interventions. Cell 2022; 185:1455-1470. [PMID: 35487190 PMCID: PMC9089818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diet as a whole, encompassing food composition, calorie intake, and the length and frequency of fasting periods, affects the time span in which health and functional capacity are maintained. Here, we analyze aging and nutrition studies in simple organisms, rodents, monkeys, and humans to link longevity to conserved growth and metabolic pathways and outline their role in aging and age-related disease. We focus on feasible nutritional strategies shown to delay aging and/or prevent diseases through epidemiological, model organism, clinical, and centenarian studies and underline the need to avoid malnourishment and frailty. These findings are integrated to define a longevity diet based on a multi-pillar approach adjusted for age and health status to optimize lifespan and healthspan in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milano, Italy.
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; GRECC, William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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7
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Effect of Chronic Moderate Caloric Restriction on the Reproductive Function in Aged Male Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061256. [PMID: 35334913 PMCID: PMC8952234 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to be an effective nutritional intervention for increasing longevity in some animal species. The objective of this study was to evaluate CR’s effects on metabolic and reproductive parameters in 12-month-old male Wistar rats. The rats were distributed in three groups: control, CR at 15%, and CR at 35% for 6 (up to 18 months of age) and 12 months (up to 24 months of age). At the end of CR treatment, we evaluated reproductive (male sexual behavior (MSB), sperm quality) and biochemical parameters (plasma glucose, glucose-regulating hormone, and sex steroid levels), and quantified annexin V in the seminiferous epithelium. Results showed that MSB and sperm quality were improved after 6 months of CR associated with increases in plasma testosterone and decrease annexin V in the seminiferous epithelium of the testicles compared to their control group. The metabolic profile of the CR rats also improved compared to controls. However, these effects of CR on reproductive parameters were not maintained after 12 months of CR. Findings suggest that beginning CR at the age of maturity reestablishes the behavioral sexual response and reproductive function in older animals after 6 months of CR and improves endocrine functioning during aging.
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8
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Parveen S. Impact of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on periodontal health. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:315-324. [PMID: 34463980 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The scientific evidence indicates that calorie restriction and intermittent fasting are among the appropriate strategies targeting factual causative factors of various inflammatory and lifestyle-related disorders. Periodontitis is a common oral inflammatory disease leading to bone loss that is associated with various systemic problems. Previous studies suggest that calorie restriction may dampen inflammation and concomitant tissue damage under inflammatory conditions, such as periodontal diseases in nonhuman primates. However, insufficient research has been carried out to assess the effects of a calorie-restricted diet on the initiation and progression of periodontal disease in humans. This review of the literature aims to describe the general concepts of calorie restriction, its clinical implications, and related therapeutic potential in controlling periodontal inflammation. The review shows that fasting regimen groups have shown lesser bone loss because of an increase in osteoprogenitor cells than non-fasting groups. Calorie restriction dampens the inflammatory response and reduces circulating inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and interleukin-1-beta in gingival crevicular fluid. However, the incorporation of this form of dietary intervention continues to be challenging in our current society, in which obesity is a major public concern. Calorie restriction and intermittent fasting can play a key role in the cost-effective resolution of periodontal inflammation as a primary prevention strategy for the management of chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameena Parveen
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to evaluate the effect of caloric restriction (CR) in cognition by comparing performance in neuropsychological tests for working memory between a group of non-obese healthy subjects doing CR for 2 years with another consuming ad libitum diet (AL). METHODS This study was part of a larger multicenter trial called CALERIE that consisted of a randomized clinical trial with parallel-group comparing 2 years of 25% CR and AL in 220 volunteers with a BMI between 22 and 28 kg/m2, across 3 sites. The cognitive tests used were the Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery (CANTAB) for Spatial Working Memory (SWM) including the total number of errors (SWMTE) and strategy (SWMS). Included as possible moderators were sleep quality, mood states, perceived stress, and energy expenditure. Analyses were performed at baseline and months 12 and 24. RESULTS After adjustments, there was a significantly greater improvement in working memory assessed by the SWM for CR individuals, compared to AL. At month 24, it was related mostly to lower protein intake, compared to other macronutrients. Changes in SWM were moderated by changes in sleep quality, physical activity, and energy expenditure. CONCLUSION On the long term, CR in healthy individuals seems to have a slightly positive effect on working memory. The study of brain CR targets opens new possibilities to prevent and treat cognitive deficits.
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10
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Equal response rates maintained by concurrent drug and nondrug reinforcers: a design for treatment evaluation. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 31:458-464. [PMID: 31770113 PMCID: PMC7351288 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During daily 3-h sessions, four rhesus monkeys had concurrent access to 16% alcohol (w/v) and saccharin. A response occurred when a monkey made mouth contact with the metal spout and thereby completed a drinkometer circuit. The liquids were available under concurrent nonindependent fixed-ratio 32 schedules. With these schedules, responses on the right spout decremented both the right and left fixed-ratio counters and vice versa. Responding was well maintained by both alcohol and saccharin. Increases in saccharin concentration produced increases in saccharin responding to the point that saccharin responding exceeded alcohol responding. Responses per saccharin delivery were also a direct function of the saccharin concentration. In contrast, responses per alcohol delivery generally decreased as the saccharin concentration became greater. Changeover or switching responses were also a direct function of the saccharin concentration. Relative reinforcing effects of each combination of liquid pairs were measured for each monkey. For all monkeys, it was possible to establish equal rates of responding for both reinforcers and frequent switching between reinforcers. The balanced responding can serve as a baseline for the evaluation of potential treatments that may alter relative reinforcing effects.
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Abstract
Traditional animal models have been used to make seminal discoveries in biomedical research including a better understanding of the biology of the aging process. However, translation of these findings from laboratory to clinical populations has likely been hindered due to fundamental biological and physiological differences between common laboratory animals and humans. Non-human primates (NHP) may serve as an effective bridge towards translation, and short-lived NHP like the common marmoset offer many advantages as models for aging research. Here, we address these advantages and discuss what is currently understood about the changes in physiology and pathology that occur with age in the marmoset. In addition, we discuss how aging research might best utilize this model resource, and outline an ongoing study to address whether pharmaceutical intervention can slow aging in the marmoset. With this manuscript, we clarify how common marmosets might assist researchers in geroscience as a potential model for pre-clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna N Ross
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
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12
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Takakuwa T, Nakashima Y, Koh H, Nakane T, Nakamae H, Hino M. Short-Term Fasting Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in Immature Hematopoietic Cells and Increases the Number of Naïve T Cells in the Bone Marrow of Mice. Acta Haematol 2019; 141:189-198. [PMID: 30840964 DOI: 10.1159/000496096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) has been studied as a way to prolong longevity, and CR before chemotherapy can reduce hematological toxicity in cancer patients. We investigated the influence of fasting on immune cells and immature hematopoietic cells. In fasted mice, there was a significant reduction in the hematopoietic stem cell count but no significant difference for progenitor cells. Colony assays showed no difference and the rates of early and late apoptosis were almost identical when comparing fasted and control mice. DNA cell cycle analysis of immature bone marrow (BM) cells showed that CR caused a significant increase in the percentage in the G0/G1 phase and decreases in the S and G2/M phases. We detected a remarkable increase of T cells in the BM of fasted mice. CD44- naïve CD8+ T cells were more numerous in fasted BM, as were naïve CD4+ T cells, and part of those T cells showed less tendency in the G0/G1 phase. Immature hematopoietic cells remained in a relatively quiescent state and retention of colony-forming capacity during CR. The number of naïve T cells in the BM of fasted mice increased. These findings imply immature hematopoietic cells and some lymphoid cells can survive starvation, whilst maintaining their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhito Takakuwa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Hideo Koh
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Nakane
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Nakamae
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hino
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Cox LA, Olivier M, Spradling-Reeves K, Karere GM, Comuzzie AG, VandeBerg JL. Nonhuman Primates and Translational Research-Cardiovascular Disease. ILAR J 2018; 58:235-250. [PMID: 28985395 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Human epidemiological studies provide challenges for understanding mechanisms that regulate initiation and progression of CVD due to variation in lifestyle, diet, and other environmental factors. Studies describing metabolic and physiologic aspects of CVD, and those investigating genetic and epigenetic mechanisms influencing CVD initiation and progression, have been conducted in multiple Old World nonhuman primate (NHP) species. Major advantages of NHPs as models for understanding CVD are their genetic, metabolic, and physiologic similarities with humans, and the ability to control diet, environment, and breeding. These NHP species are also genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous, providing opportunities to study gene by environment interactions that are not feasible in inbred animal models. Each Old World NHP species included in this review brings unique strengths as models to better understand human CVD. All develop CVD without genetic manipulation providing multiple models to discover genetic variants that influence CVD risk. In addition, as each of these NHP species age, their age-related comorbidities such as dyslipidemia and diabetes are accelerated proportionally 3 to 4 times faster than in humans.In this review, we discuss current CVD-related research in NHPs focusing on selected aspects of CVD for which nonprimate model organism studies have left gaps in our understanding of human disease. We include studies on current knowledge of genetics, epigenetics, calorie restriction, maternal calorie restriction and offspring health, maternal obesity and offspring health, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and steatosis, Chagas disease, microbiome, stem cells, and prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Cox
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael Olivier
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Genesio M Karere
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John L VandeBerg
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, Texas
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14
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Managing Aged Animals in Zoos to Promote Positive Welfare: A Review and Future Directions. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8070116. [PMID: 30011793 PMCID: PMC6070885 DOI: 10.3390/ani8070116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many animals experience physical and behavioral changes as they age. Age-related changes in physical or mental ability can limit the opportunities for animals to experience positive well-being. As animals in zoos are living longer than ever, understanding common physical, cognitive, and behavioral changes associated with ageing across species can help inform management practices. This review aggregates information about common age-related changes across a wide number of species, discusses the potential welfare impacts of these changes for ageing animals, and suggests methods for caretakers to maximize positive welfare opportunities for ageing animals under human care. Abstract Improvements in veterinary care, nutrition, and husbandry of animals living in zoos have led to an increase in the longevity of these animals over the past 30 years. In this same time period, the focus of animal welfare science has shifted from concerns over mitigating negative welfare impacts to promoting positive welfare experiences for animals. For instance, providing opportunities for animals to exert agency, solve problems, or acquire rewards are all associated with positive welfare outcomes. Many common age-related changes result in limitations to opportunities for positive welfare experiences, either due to pain or other physical, cognitive, or behavioral limitations. This review aggregates information regarding common age-related physical and behavioral changes across species, discusses how age-related changes may limit positive welfare opportunities of aged animals in human care, and suggests potential management methods to help promote positive welfare for animals at all life stages in zoos and aquariums.
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15
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Kleinert M, Clemmensen C, Hofmann SM, Moore MC, Renner S, Woods SC, Huypens P, Beckers J, de Angelis MH, Schürmann A, Bakhti M, Klingenspor M, Heiman M, Cherrington AD, Ristow M, Lickert H, Wolf E, Havel PJ, Müller TD, Tschöp MH. Animal models of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:140-162. [PMID: 29348476 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than one-third of the worldwide population is overweight or obese and therefore at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to mitigate this pandemic, safer and more potent therapeutics are urgently required. This necessitates the continued use of animal models to discover, validate and optimize novel therapeutics for their safe use in humans. In order to improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must not only carefully select the appropriate model but also draw the right conclusions. In this Review, we consolidate the key information on the currently available animal models of obesity and diabetes and highlight the advantages, limitations and important caveats of each of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleinert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Mary C Moore
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Simone Renner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen C Woods
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Metabolic Diseases Institute, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA
| | - Peter Huypens
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mark Heiman
- MicroBiome Therapeutics, 1316 Jefferson Ave, New Orleans, Louisiana 70115, USA
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8603 Zurich-Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, 3135 Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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16
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Yin B, Liu X, Guo SW. Caloric Restriction Dramatically Stalls Lesion Growth in Mice With Induced Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2018; 25:1024-1036. [PMID: 29439622 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118756755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) has been demonstrated to have many health-beneficial effects in many species, but whether CR can impede the development of endometriosis is unknown. To test the hypothesis that CR can impede the growth of endometriotic lesions and fibrogenesis, we conducted 2 experiments. In experiment 1, 20 female Balb/C mice were randomly assigned to either ad libitum (AL) group that was fed AL or to CR group that was fed 30% less calories than that of AL mice. Two weeks after the implementation of the dietary intervention, endometriosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of endometrial fragments. Two weeks after the induction, all mice were sacrificed and their lesion samples were evaluated. In experiment 2, another 20 mice were used and CR was implemented 2 weeks after induction of endometriosis and lasted for 4 weeks. Caloric restriction instituted before the induction of endometriosis reduced the lesion weight by 88.5%, whereas CR implemented well after lesions were established reduced the lesion weight by 93.0%. In both cases, CR significantly increased staining levels of markers of autophagy but reduced proliferation, angiogenesis, steroidogenesis, and fibrosis in lesions as compared with the AL group. Consequently, CR, instituted either before or after the induction of endometriosis, dramatically curbs the growth of endometriotic lesions and fibrogenesis through multiple mechanisms. Caloric restriction and CR mimetics, a family of compounds mimicking the beneficial effect of CR, even when instituted well after lesions are established, may stall the development of endometriosis. Given the scarcity in research on how lifestyle can impact on the development of endometriosis, our study should hopefully stimulate more research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yin
- 1 Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xishi Liu
- 1 Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- 1 Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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17
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Bentley RA, Ross CN, O'Brien MJ. Obesity, Metabolism, and Aging: A Multiscalar Approach. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 155:25-42. [PMID: 29653680 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity contributes to the aging process through the alteration of metabolic pathways evidenced biochemically in the relationship between caloric restriction and longevity. Humans have entered into an era of metabolism and aging entirely unprecedented in their evolution, with a diet that, for many, contains a majority of calories as sugar and yields an expected lifespan of over 80years in industrialized nations. Deeply embedded in the complex issue of obesity are questions of behavior, causality versus correlation, and appropriate models. For example, are primates a better reference than mice for studying metabolic connections between obesity and aging? We consider those issues from the standpoint of life-history theory, especially implications of the interplay of refined sugar and socioeconomic disparities for the future of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corinna N Ross
- Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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18
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Abstract
To bridge the gap between rodent and human studies, the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable committee suggests that nonhuman primates (NHPs) be used for preclinical, translational stroke studies. Owing to the fact that vast majority of ischemic strokes are caused by transient or permanent occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel eventually leading to brain infarction, ischemia induced by endovascular methods closely mimics thromboembolic or thrombotic cerebrovascular occlusion in patients. This review will make a thorough summary of transient or permanent occlusions of a cerebral blood vessel in NHPs using endovascular methods. Then, advantages and disadvantages, and potential applications will be analyzed for each kind of models. Additionally, we also make a further analysis based on different kinds of emboli, various occlusion sites, infract size, abnormal hemodynamics, and potential dysfunctions. Experimental models of ischemic stroke in NHPs are valuable tools to analyze specific facets of stroke in patients, especially those induced by endovascular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ankush Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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19
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Havel PJ, Kievit P, Comuzzie AG, Bremer AA. Use and Importance of Nonhuman Primates in Metabolic Disease Research: Current State of the Field. ILAR J 2017; 58:251-268. [PMID: 29216341 PMCID: PMC6074797 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its multiple metabolic sequelae, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and fatty liver disease, are becoming increasingly widespread in both the developed and developing world. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches for the prevention and treatment of these costly and prevalent metabolic conditions. Accomplishing this will require the use of appropriate animal models for preclinical and translational investigations in metabolic disease research. Although studies in rodent models are often useful for target/pathway identification and testing hypotheses, there are important differences in metabolic physiology between rodents and primates, and experimental findings in rodent models have often failed to be successfully translated into new, clinically useful therapeutic modalities in humans. Nonhuman primates represent a valuable and physiologically relevant model that serve as a critical translational bridge between basic studies performed in rodent models and clinical studies in humans. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the evidence, including a number of specific examples, in support of the use of nonhuman primate models in metabolic disease research, as well as some of the disadvantages and limitations involved in the use of nonhuman primates. The evidence taken as a whole indicates that nonhuman primates are and will remain an indispensable resource for evaluating the efficacy and safety of novel therapeutic strategies targeting clinically important metabolic diseases, including dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and hepatic fibrosis, and potentially the cognitive decline and dementia associated with metabolic dysfunction, prior to taking these therapies into clinical trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Havel
- Peter J. Havel, DVM, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California. Paul Kievit, PhD, is an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and Director of the Obese NHP Resource at the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon. Anthony G. Comuzzie, PhD, is a senior scientist at the Southwest National Primate Research Center and the Department of Genetics at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas and currently the Executive Director of The Obesity Society, Silver Springs, Maryland. Andrew A. Bremer, MD, PhD, is Scientific Program Director in the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul Kievit
- Peter J. Havel, DVM, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California. Paul Kievit, PhD, is an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and Director of the Obese NHP Resource at the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon. Anthony G. Comuzzie, PhD, is a senior scientist at the Southwest National Primate Research Center and the Department of Genetics at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas and currently the Executive Director of The Obesity Society, Silver Springs, Maryland. Andrew A. Bremer, MD, PhD, is Scientific Program Director in the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Peter J. Havel, DVM, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California. Paul Kievit, PhD, is an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and Director of the Obese NHP Resource at the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon. Anthony G. Comuzzie, PhD, is a senior scientist at the Southwest National Primate Research Center and the Department of Genetics at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas and currently the Executive Director of The Obesity Society, Silver Springs, Maryland. Andrew A. Bremer, MD, PhD, is Scientific Program Director in the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Peter J. Havel, DVM, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California. Paul Kievit, PhD, is an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and Director of the Obese NHP Resource at the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon. Anthony G. Comuzzie, PhD, is a senior scientist at the Southwest National Primate Research Center and the Department of Genetics at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas and currently the Executive Director of The Obesity Society, Silver Springs, Maryland. Andrew A. Bremer, MD, PhD, is Scientific Program Director in the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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20
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Ibáñez-Contreras A, Hernández-Arciga U, Poblano A, Arteaga-Silva M, Hernández-Godínez B, Mendoza-Cuevas GI, Toledo-Pérez R, Alarcón-Aguilar A, González-Puertos VY, Konigsberg M. Electrical activity of sensory pathways in female and male geriatric Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and its relation to oxidative stress. Exp Gerontol 2017; 101:80-94. [PMID: 29146475 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synapses loss during aging has been related to decreased neuronal excitability and reduced electrophysiological activity in the nervous system, as well as to increased brain damage. Those physiological and biochemical alterations have been related to the oxidative stress increase associated with old age. The main substrate of lipid peroxidation (LPX) in the central and peripheral nervous systems are the myelin sheaths, and their damage generates a delayed nerve conduction velocity. However, studies in which the neural conduction velocity is related to changes in the redox state are still lacking. Therefore, our aim was to correlate the sensory neural pathways delay in healthy geriatric Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with the oxidative stress associated with physiological aging. Twenty-four monkeys were divided into four groups according to age and gender. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory evoked potentials were obtained. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymatic activity, as well as LPX, were determined from blood samples. Our results showed significant differences between the older and younger age groups in all neural generators of the different sensory pathways evaluated, along with an increase in LPX and the antioxidant enzymatic activities. It suggests that, even though the enzymatic activity was found to be higher in older monkeys, probably as a compensatory effect, it was not enough to avoid LPX damage and the declined electric activity associated with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ibáñez-Contreras
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico; APREXBIO S.A.S. de C.V., Laboratorio de Primatología, Ciudad de México, México D.F., Mexico; Biología Integral para Vertebrados (BIOINVERT®), Unidad de Experimentación Animal, Estado de México, Mexico; Centro de Investigación, Proyecto CAMINA A.C. Unidad de Primates No Humanos, Ciudad de México, México D.F., Mexico; Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico
| | - U Hernández-Arciga
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico
| | - A Poblano
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Cognoscitiva, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - M Arteaga-Silva
- Depto. Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico
| | - B Hernández-Godínez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico; APREXBIO S.A.S. de C.V., Laboratorio de Primatología, Ciudad de México, México D.F., Mexico; Biología Integral para Vertebrados (BIOINVERT®), Unidad de Experimentación Animal, Estado de México, Mexico; Centro de Investigación, Proyecto CAMINA A.C. Unidad de Primates No Humanos, Ciudad de México, México D.F., Mexico; Centro Nacional de Investigación en Instrumentación e Imagenología Médica (CI3M), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM-I), México D.F., Mexico
| | - G I Mendoza-Cuevas
- APREXBIO S.A.S. de C.V., Laboratorio de Primatología, Ciudad de México, México D.F., Mexico; Biología Integral para Vertebrados (BIOINVERT®), Unidad de Experimentación Animal, Estado de México, Mexico; Centro de Investigación, Proyecto CAMINA A.C. Unidad de Primates No Humanos, Ciudad de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - R Toledo-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico
| | - A Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico
| | - V Y González-Puertos
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico
| | - M Konigsberg
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y envejecimiento celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, México D.F., Mexico.
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21
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Das SK, Balasubramanian P, Weerasekara YK. Nutrition modulation of human aging: The calorie restriction paradigm. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:148-157. [PMID: 28412520 PMCID: PMC7153268 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the aging population is growing rapidly, creating an urgent need to attenuate age-related health conditions, including metabolic disease and disability. A promising strategy for healthy aging based on consistently positive results from studies with a variety of species, including non-human primates (NHP), is calorie restriction (CR), or the restriction of energy intake while maintaining intake of essential nutrients. The burgeoning evidence for this approach in humans is reviewed and the major study to date to address this question, CALERIE (Comprehensive Assessment of the Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy), is described. CALERIE findings indicate the feasibility of CR in non-obese humans, confirm observations in NHP, and are consistent with improvements in disease risk reduction and potential anti-aging effects. Finally, the mechanisms of CR in humans are reviewed which sums up the fact that evolutionarily conserved mechanisms mediate the anti-aging effects of CR. Overall, the prospect for further research in both NHP and humans is highly encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Krupa Das
- Jean Mayer, US Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA.
| | - Yasoma K Weerasekara
- Jean Mayer, US Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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Cummings NE, Lamming DW. Regulation of metabolic health and aging by nutrient-sensitive signaling pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:13-22. [PMID: 27884780 PMCID: PMC5440210 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
All organisms need to be capable of adapting to changes in the availability and composition of nutrients. Over 75 years ago, researchers discovered that a calorie restricted (CR) diet could significantly extend the lifespan of rats, and since then a CR diet has been shown to increase lifespan and healthspan in model organisms ranging from yeast to non-human primates. In this review, we discuss the effects of a CR diet on metabolism and healthspan, and highlight emerging evidence that suggests that dietary composition - the precise macronutrients that compose the diet - may be just as important as caloric content. In particular, we discuss recent evidence that suggests protein quality may influence metabolic health. Finally, we discuss key metabolic pathways which may influence the response to CR diets and altered macronutrient composition. Understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for the effects of CR and dietary composition on health and longevity may allow the design of novel therapeutic approaches to age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Cummings
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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23
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Macy J, Horvath TL. Comparative Medicine: An Inclusive Crossover Discipline. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 90:493-498. [PMID: 28955187 PMCID: PMC5612191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Comparative Medicine is typically defined as a discipline which relates and leverages the biological similarities and differences among animal species to better understand the mechanism of human and animal disease. It has also been defined as a field of study concentrating on similarities and differences between human and veterinary medicine and is increasingly associated with animal models of human disease, including the critical role veterinarians, animal resource centers, and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees play in facilitating and ensuring humane and reproducible laboratory animal care and use. To this end, comparative medicine plays a pivotal role in reduction, refinement, and replacement in animals in biomedical research. On many levels, comparative medicine facilitates the translation of basic science knowledge into clinical applications; applying comparative medicine concepts throughout the translation process is critical for success. In addition to the supportive role of comparative medicine in the research enterprise, its role as a distinct and independent scientific discipline should not be lost. Although comparative medicine's research "niche" is not one particular discipline or disease process, rather, it is the investigative mindset that seeks to reveal common threads that weave different pathophysiologic processes into translatable approaches and outcomes using various models.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Macy
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Yale Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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24
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Lushchak O, Strilbytska O, Piskovatska V, Storey KB, Koliada A, Vaiserman A. The role of the TOR pathway in mediating the link between nutrition and longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Mattison JA, Colman RJ, Beasley TM, Allison DB, Kemnitz JW, Roth GS, Ingram DK, Weindruch R, de Cabo R, Anderson RM. Caloric restriction improves health and survival of rhesus monkeys. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14063. [PMID: 28094793 PMCID: PMC5247583 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition extends lifespan and delays the onset of age-related disorders in most species but its impact in nonhuman primates has been controversial. In the late 1980s two parallel studies were initiated to determine the effect of CR in rhesus monkeys. The University of Wisconsin study reported a significant positive impact of CR on survival, but the National Institute on Aging study detected no significant survival effect. Here we present a direct comparison of longitudinal data from both studies including survival, bodyweight, food intake, fasting glucose levels and age-related morbidity. We describe differences in study design that could contribute to differences in outcomes, and we report species specificity in the impact of CR in terms of optimal onset and diet. Taken together these data confirm that health benefits of CR are conserved in monkeys and suggest that CR mechanisms are likely translatable to human health. Caloric restriction (CR) delays ageing of model organisms, but whether it works in nonhuman primates has been controversial. Here, the authors pool and reanalyse data from two long-running CR primate studies, concluding that moderate CR indeed improves health and survival of rhesus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Ricki J Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
| | - T Mark Beasley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham/Atlanta Veterans Administration Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA
| | - David B Allison
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Joseph W Kemnitz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | | | - Donald K Ingram
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA
| | - Richard Weindruch
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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26
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Vaiserman AM, Lushchak OV, Koliada AK. Anti-aging pharmacology: Promises and pitfalls. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 31:9-35. [PMID: 27524412 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy has grown dramatically in modern times. This increase, however, is not accompanied by the same increase in healthspan. Efforts to extend healthspan through pharmacological agents targeting aging-related pathological changes are now in the spotlight of geroscience, the main idea of which is that delaying of aging is far more effective than preventing the particular chronic disorders. Currently, anti-aging pharmacology is a rapidly developing discipline. It is a preventive field of health care, as opposed to conventional medicine which focuses on treating symptoms rather than root causes of illness. A number of pharmacological agents targeting basic aging pathways (i.e., calorie restriction mimetics, autophagy inducers, senolytics etc.) are now under investigation. This review summarizes the literature related to advances, perspectives and challenges in the field of anti-aging pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleh V Lushchak
- Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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27
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Meisch RA, Gomez TH. Concurrent nonindependent fixed-ratio schedules of alcohol self-administration: Effects of schedule size on choice. J Exp Anal Behav 2016; 106:75-92. [PMID: 27402525 PMCID: PMC5095790 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Choice behavior was studied under concurrent nonindependent fixed‐ratio fixed‐ratio (nFR) schedules of reinforcement, as these schedules result in frequent changeover responses. With these schedules, responses on either operandum count toward the completion of the ratio requirements of both schedules. Five monkeys were subjects, and two pairs of liquid reinforcers were concurrently available: 16% (w/v) and 0% ethanol or 16% and 8% ethanol. For each pair of reinforcers, the nFR sizes were systematically altered across sessions while keeping the schedule size equal for both liquids. Responding varied as a function of reinforcer pair and nFR size. With the 16% and 0% pair, higher response rates were maintained by 16% and were an inverted U‐shape function of nFR size. With 16% and 8%, a greater number of responses initially occurred on the schedule that delivered 8% ethanol. However, as nFR size increased, preference reversed such that responses that delivered 16% ethanol were greater. When the nFR size was subsequently decreased, preference reverted back to 8%. Number of responses emitted per delivery was a dependent variable and, in behavioral economic terms, was the price paid for each liquid delivery. With 16% and 0%, changeover responses initially increased and then decreased as schedule size became larger. In contrast, with the 16% and 8% pair, changeover responses increased directly with schedule size. Responding under nFR schedules is sensitive to differences in reinforcer magnitude and demonstrates that relative reinforcing effects can change as a function of schedule size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas H Gomez
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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28
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Abstract
Recent studies indicate that dietary interventions have the potential to prevent and even treat cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death. Many of these studies have focused on various animal models that are able to recreate one or more conditions or elevate risk factors that characterize the disease. Here, we highlight macronutrient-focused interventions in both mammalian model organisms and humans with emphasis on some of the most relevant and well-established diets known to be associated with cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. We also discuss more recent dietary interventions in rodents, monkeys, and humans, which affect atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases with focus on those that also delay aging.
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29
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Gwóźdź K, Szkudelski T, Szkudelska K. Characteristics of metabolic changes in adipocytes of growing rats. Biochimie 2016; 125:195-203. [PMID: 27060433 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes, cells of white fat tissue, store energy in the form of lipids and have also endocrine functions. Disturbances in adipocyte metabolism lead to decreased or excessive fat tissue accumulation and are associated with numerous diseases. Pathologic alterations in adipose tissue are known to develop with age, however, changes in young, growing subjects are poorly elucidated. In the present study, glucose transport and metabolism, hyperpolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane and the lipolytic activity were compared in the epididymal adipocytes of 8-week-old and 16-week-old rats. It was demonstrated that glucose conversion to lipids, glucose transport and oxidation was decreased in the adipocytes of the older animals. These effects were accompanied by increase in lactate release and by decrease in hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. Lipolytic response to epinephrine was increased (at lower concentrations of the hormone) or reduced (at higher concentration) in the adipocytes of the older rats. However, induction of lipolysis by the direct activation of protein kinase A induced similar response. It was also demonstrated that inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3B or adenosine A1 receptor blocking caused lower lipolysis in the cells of the older rats. Moreover, antilipolytic action of insulin was impaired in the adipocytes of these rats, probably due to changes in the initial steps of the insulin signaling pathway. However, the use of the pharmacologic inhibitor of protein kinase A instead of insulin resulted in similar antilipolysis in both groups of cells. These results show that, in spite of relatively small age difference, substantial changes in adipose tissue metabolism develop in these animals. Decreased response to insulin action seems to be particularly relevant finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Gwóźdź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szkudelski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szkudelska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
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30
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Behrendt AK, Kuhla A, Osterberg A, Polley C, Herlyn P, Fischer DC, Scotland M, Wree A, Histing T, Menger MD, Müller-Hilke B, Mittlmeier T, Vollmar B. Dietary Restriction-Induced Alterations in Bone Phenotype: Effects of Lifelong Versus Short-Term Caloric Restriction on Femoral and Vertebral Bone in C57BL/6 Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:852-63. [PMID: 26572927 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is a well-described dietary intervention that delays the onset of aging-associated biochemical and physiological changes, thereby extending the life span of rodents. The influence of CR on metabolism, strength, and morphology of bone has been controversially discussed in literature. Thus, the present study evaluated whether lifelong CR versus short-term late-onset dietary intervention differentially affects the development of senile osteoporosis in C57BL/6 mice. Two different dietary regimens with 40% food restriction were performed: lifelong CR starting in 4-week-old mice was maintained for 4, 20, or 74 weeks. In contrast, short-term late-onset CR lasting a period of 12 weeks was commenced at 48 or 68 weeks of age. Control mice were fed ad libitum (AL). Bone specimens were assessed using microcomputed tomography (μCT, femur and lumbar vertebral body) and biomechanical testing (femur). Adverse effects of CR, including reduced cortical bone mineral density (Ct.BMD) and thickness (Ct.Th), were detected to some extent in senile mice (68+12w) but in particular in cortical bone of young growing mice (4+4w), associated with reduced femoral failure force (F). However, we observed a profound capacity of bone to compensate these deleterious changes of minor nutrition with increasing age presumably via reorganization of trabecular bone. Especially in lumbar vertebrae, lifelong CR lasting 20 or 74 weeks had beneficial effects on trabecular bone mineral density (Tb.BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and trabecular number (Tb.N). In parallel, lifelong CR groups showed reduced structure model index values compared to age-matched controls indicating a transformation of vertebral trabecular bone microarchitecture toward a platelike geometry. This effect was not visible in senile mice after short-term 12-week CR. In summary, CR has differential effects on cortical and trabecular bone dependent on bone localization and starting age. Our study underlines that bone compartments possess a lifelong capability to cope with changing nutritional influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Behrendt
- Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Angela Kuhla
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anja Osterberg
- Institute of Immunology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Polley
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Philipp Herlyn
- Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Maike Scotland
- Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Mittlmeier
- Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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31
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Didier ES, MacLean AG, Mohan M, Didier PJ, Lackner AA, Kuroda MJ. Contributions of Nonhuman Primates to Research on Aging. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:277-90. [PMID: 26869153 PMCID: PMC5027759 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815622974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the biological process of declining physiologic function associated with increasing mortality rate during advancing age. Humans and higher nonhuman primates exhibit unusually longer average life spans as compared with mammals of similar body mass. Furthermore, the population of humans worldwide is growing older as a result of improvements in public health, social services, and health care systems. Comparative studies among a wide range of organisms that include nonhuman primates contribute greatly to our understanding about the basic mechanisms of aging. Based on their genetic and physiologic relatedness to humans, nonhuman primates are especially important for better understanding processes of aging unique to primates, as well as for testing intervention strategies to improve healthy aging and to treat diseases and disabilities in older people. Rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are the predominant monkeys used in studies on aging, but research with lower nonhuman primate species is increasing. One of the priority topics of research about aging in nonhuman primates involves neurologic changes associated with cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Additional areas of research include osteoporosis, reproductive decline, caloric restriction, and their mimetics, as well as immune senescence and chronic inflammation that affect vaccine efficacy and resistance to infections and cancer. The purpose of this review is to highlight the findings from nonhuman primate research that contribute to our understanding about aging and health span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Didier
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - A G MacLean
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - M Mohan
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - P J Didier
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - A A Lackner
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - M J Kuroda
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
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32
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Abstract
The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is one of the most extensively used nonhuman primate models for human diseases. This article presents a literature review focusing on major organ systems and age-associated conditions in humans and primates, combined with information from the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center Electronic Health Record database to highlight and contrast age-associated lesions in geriatric rhesus macaques with younger cohorts. Rhesus macaques are excellent models for age-associated conditions, including diabetes, osteoarthritis, endometriosis, visual accommodation, hypertension, osteoporosis, and amyloidosis. Adenocarcinoma of the large intestine (ileocecocolic junction, cecum, and colon) is the most common spontaneous neoplasm in the rhesus macaque. A combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies is required to truly define mechanisms of maturation, aging, and the pathology of age-associated conditions in macaques and thus humans. The rhesus macaque is and will continue to be an appropriate and valuable model for investigation of the mechanisms and treatment of age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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33
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Pan SY, Gao SH, Lin RC, Zhou SF, Dong HG, Tang MK, Yu ZL, Ko KM. New perspectives on dietary-derived treatments and food safety-antinomy in a new era. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1836-59. [PMID: 24915382 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.654286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advances in science and technology and wide use of chemical drugs, dietary intervention (or food therapy) remains useful in preventing or treating many human diseases. A huge body of evidence shows that the dietary pattern or habit is also an important contributing factor to the development of chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cancers. In recent years, over-the-counter health foods, nutraceuticals, and plant-derived medicinal products have been gaining popularity all over the world, particularly in developed countries. Unfortunately, owing to the contamination with various harmful substances in foods and the presence of toxic food components, food-borne diseases have also become increasingly problematic. Incidents of food poisonings or tainted food have been increasing worldwide, particularly in China and other developing countries. Therefore, the government should put in a greater effort in enforcing food safety by improving the surveillance mechanism and exerting highest standards of quality control for foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Pan
- a Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
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34
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Bitzer M, Wiggins J. Aging Biology in the Kidney. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2016; 23:12-8. [PMID: 26709058 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The notion that kidney function declines with age in the general population is well known in the Nephrology community and the average loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) about 1ml per year in most longitudinal studies. There is much debate within the community about whether this represents "normal aging" or whether this constitutes a form of renal disease. However this debate turns out, the real question is whether this decline is preventable - can it be modified or slowed? Efforts to find drivers of this decline are still in the very earliest stages, but have shown some promise at elucidating some of the pathologies involved. This article will address both the wider issue of the biology of aging as well as the specific pathologies of the aging kidney.
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35
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Hultström M. Caloric restriction reduces age-related but not all-cause mortality. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:3-5. [PMID: 25683337 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hultström
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; Department of Surgical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Integrative Physiology; Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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36
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Lin Q, Cao Y, Gao J. Serum calreticulin is a negative biomarker in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21740-53. [PMID: 25429433 PMCID: PMC4284675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151221740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin is down-regulated in the cortical neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of AD. A total of 128 AD patients were randomly recruited from May 2012 to July 2013. The mRNA levels of calreticulin were measured from the serum of tested subjects using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (real-time qRT-PCR). Serum levels of calreticulin were determined by ELISA and Western Blot. Serum levels of calreticulin in AD patients were significantly lower than those from a healthy group (p < 0.01). The baseline characters indicated that sample size, gender, mean age, diabetes and BMI (body mass index) were not major sources of heterogeneity. The serum levels of mRNA and protein of calreticulin were lower in AD patients than those from a healthy group, and negatively associated with the progression of AD according to CDR scores (p < 0.01). Thus, there is a trend toward decreased serum levels of calreticulin in the patients with progression of AD. Serum levels of calreticulin can be a negative biomarker for the diagnosis of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110005, China.
| | - Yunpeng Cao
- Neural Department of Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Anatomy, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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37
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Thompson ACS, Bruss MD, Nag N, Kharitonenkov A, Adams AC, Hellerstein MK. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is not required for the reductions in circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 or global cell proliferation rates in response to moderate calorie restriction in adult mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111418. [PMID: 25369265 PMCID: PMC4219748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) delays aging and extends lifespan in numerous organisms, including mice. Down-regulation of the somatotropic axis, including a reduction in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), likely plays an important role in CR-induced lifespan extension, possibly by reducing cell proliferation rates, thereby delaying replicative senescence and inhibiting tumor promotion. Accordingly, elucidating the mechanism(s) by which IGF-1 is reduced in response to CR holds therapeutic potential in the fight against age-related diseases. Up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is one possible mechanism given that FGF21 expression is induced in response to nutritional deprivation and has been implicated as a negative regulator of IGF-1 expression. Here we investigated alterations in hepatic growth hormone (GH)-mediated IGF-1 production and signaling as well as the role of FGF21 in the regulation of IGF-1 levels and cell proliferation rates in response to moderate CR in adult mice. We found that in response to moderate CR, circulating GH and hepatic janus kinase 2 (JAK2) phosphorylation levels are unchanged but that hepatic signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) phosphorylation levels are reduced, identifying STAT5 phosphorylation as a potential key site of CR action within the somatotropic axis. Circadian measurements revealed that the relative level of FGF21 expression is both higher and lower in CR vs. ad libitum (AL)-fed mice, depending on the time of measurement. Employing FGF21-knockout mice, we determined that FGF21 is not required for the reduction in IGF-1 levels or cell proliferation rates in response to moderate CR. However, compared to AL-fed WT mice, AL-fed FGF21-knockout mice exhibited higher basal rates of cell proliferation, suggesting anti-mitotic effects of FGF21. This work provides insights into both GH-mediated IGF-1 production in the context of CR and the complex network that regulates FGF21 and IGF-1 expression and cell proliferation rates in response to nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airlia C. S. Thompson
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ACST); (MKH)
| | - Matthew D. Bruss
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Nitish Nag
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Alexei Kharitonenkov
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Andrew C. Adams
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Marc K. Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- KineMed, Inc., Emeryville, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ACST); (MKH)
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38
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Allison DB, Antoine LH, Ballinger SW, Bamman MM, Biga P, Darley-Usmar VM, Fisher G, Gohlke JM, Halade GV, Hartman JL, Hunter GR, Messina JL, Nagy TR, Plaisance EP, Powell ML, Roth KA, Sandel MW, Schwartz TS, Smith DL, Sweatt JD, Tollefsbol TO, Watts SA, Yang Y, Zhang J, Austad SN. Aging and energetics' 'Top 40' future research opportunities 2010-2013. F1000Res 2014; 3:219. [PMID: 25324965 PMCID: PMC4197746 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5212.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of a coordinated effort to expand our research activity at the interface of Aging and Energetics a team of investigators at The University of Alabama at Birmingham systematically assayed and catalogued the top research priorities identified in leading publications in that domain, believing the result would be useful to the scientific community at large. OBJECTIVE To identify research priorities and opportunities in the domain of aging and energetics as advocated in the 40 most cited papers related to aging and energetics in the last 4 years. DESIGN The investigators conducted a search for papers on aging and energetics in Scopus, ranked the resulting papers by number of times they were cited, and selected the ten most-cited papers in each of the four years that include 2010 to 2013, inclusive. RESULTS Ten research categories were identified from the 40 papers. These included: (1) Calorie restriction (CR) longevity response, (2) role of mTOR (mechanistic target of Rapamycin) and related factors in lifespan extension, (3) nutrient effects beyond energy (especially resveratrol, omega-3 fatty acids, and selected amino acids), 4) autophagy and increased longevity and health, (5) aging-associated predictors of chronic disease, (6) use and effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), (7) telomeres relative to aging and energetics, (8) accretion and effects of body fat, (9) the aging heart, and (10) mitochondria, reactive oxygen species, and cellular energetics. CONCLUSION The field is rich with exciting opportunities to build upon our existing knowledge about the relations among aspects of aging and aspects of energetics and to better understand the mechanisms which connect them.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Allison
- Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Lisa H. Antoine
- Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Scott W. Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, USA
| | - Peggy Biga
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Victor M. Darley-Usmar
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Gordon Fisher
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Julia M. Gohlke
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Ganesh V. Halade
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Medicine – Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - John L. Hartman
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Gary R. Hunter
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Joseph L. Messina
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, USA
| | - Tim R. Nagy
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Eric P. Plaisance
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Mickie L. Powell
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Kevin A. Roth
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Michael W. Sandel
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Tonia S. Schwartz
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - J. David Sweatt
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Yongbin Yang
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Steven N. Austad
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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39
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Caloric restriction reduces age-related and all-cause mortality in rhesus monkeys. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3557. [PMID: 24691430 PMCID: PMC3988801 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition increases longevity and delays the onset of age-associated disorders in short-lived species, from unicellular organisms to laboratory mice and rats. The value of CR as a tool to understand human ageing relies on translatability of CR’s effects in primates. Here we show that CR significantly improves age-related and all-cause survival in monkeys on a long-term ~30% restricted diet since young adulthood. These data contrast with observations in the 2012 NIA intramural study report, where a difference in survival was not detected between control-fed and CR monkeys. A comparison of body weight of control animals from both studies with each other, and against data collected in a multi-centred relational database of primate ageing, suggests that the NIA control monkeys were effectively undergoing CR. Our data indicate that the benefits of CR on ageing are conserved in primates. Caloric restriction extends the lifespan of various organisms but whether it works in monkeys is controversial. Here, Colman et al. report that caloric restriction reduces all-cause mortality of rhesus macaques, and perform a weight comparison that aims to reconcile their findings with contradictory results from a similar study.
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40
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Effect of age and calorie restriction on corpus callosal integrity in rhesus macaques: a fiber tractography study. Neurosci Lett 2014; 569:38-42. [PMID: 24686192 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The rhesus macaque exhibits age-related brain changes similar to humans, making an excellent model of normal aging. Calorie restriction is a dietary intervention that reduces age-related comorbidities in short-lived animals, and its effects are still under study in rhesus macaques. Here, using deterministic fiber tracking method, we examined the effects of age and calorie restriction on a diffusion tensor imaging measure of white matter integrity, fractional anisotropy (FA), within white matter tracks traversing the anterior (genu) and posterior (splenium) corpus callosum in rhesus monkeys. Our results show: (1) a significant inverse relationship between age and mean FA of tracks traversing the genu and splenium; (2) higher mean FA of the splenium tracks as compared to that of genu tracks across groups; and (3) no significant diet effect on mean track FA through either location. These results are congruent with the age-related decline in white matter integrity reported in humans and monkeys, and the anterior-to-posterior gradient in white matter vulnerability to normal aging in humans. Further studies are warranted to critically evaluate the effect of calorie restriction on brain aging in this unique cohort of elderly primates.
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41
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Ghosh S, Wanders D, Stone KP, Van NT, Cortez CC, Gettys TW. A systems biology analysis of the unique and overlapping transcriptional responses to caloric restriction and dietary methionine restriction in rats. FASEB J 2014; 28:2577-90. [PMID: 24571921 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-249458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) and calorie restriction (CR) each improve metabolic health and extend life span. We used comprehensive transcriptome profiling and systems biology analysis to interrogate the unique and overlapping molecular responses in rats provided these dietary regimens for 20 mo after weaning. Microarray analysis was conducted on inguinal white adipose (IWAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), liver, and skeletal muscle. Compared to controls, CR-induced transcriptomic responses (absolute fold change ≥1.5 and P≤0.05) were comparable in IWAT, BAT, and liver (~800 genes). MR-induced effects were largely restricted to IWAT and liver (~2400 genes). Pathway enrichment and gene-coexpression analyses showed that induction of fatty acid synthesis in IWAT was common to CR and MR, whereas immunity and proinflammatory signaling pathways were specifically down-regulated in MR-treated IWAT and liver (FDR≤0.07-0.3). BAT demonstrated consistent down-regulation of PPAR-signaling under CR and MR, whereas muscle was largely unaffected. Interactome analysis identified CR-specific down-regulation of cytoskeletal matrix components in IWAT and MR-specific up-regulation of ribosomal genes in liver (FDR≤0.001). Transcriptomic down-regulation of inflammation genes by MR in IWAT was consistent with upstream inhibition of STAT3. Together, these results provide an integrated picture of the breadth of transcriptional responses to MR and CR among key metabolic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA; and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Research Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA; and
| | - Kirsten P Stone
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA; and
| | - Nancy T Van
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA; and
| | - Cory C Cortez
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA; and
| | - Thomas W Gettys
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA; and
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42
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Shushimita S, de Bruijn MJW, de Bruin RWF, IJzermans JNM, Hendriks RW, Dor FJMF. Dietary restriction and fasting arrest B and T cell development and increase mature B and T cell numbers in bone marrow. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87772. [PMID: 24504160 PMCID: PMC3913690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) delays ageing and extends life span. Both long- and short-term DR, as well as short-term fasting provide robust protection against many “neuronal and surgery related damaging phenomena” such as Parkinson’s disease and ischemia-reperfusion injury. The exact mechanism behind this phenomenon has not yet been elucidated. Its anti-inflammatory actions prompted us to thoroughly investigate the consequences of DR and fasting on B and T cell compartments in primary and secondary lymphoid organs of male C57Bl/6 mice. In BM we found that DR and fasting cause a decrease in the total B cell population and arrest early B cell development, while increasing the number of recirculating mature B cells. In the fasting group, a significant reduction in peripheral B cell counts was observed in both spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN). Thymopoiesis was arrested significantly at double negative DN2 stage due to fasting, whereas DR resulted in a partial arrest of thymocyte development at the DN4 stage. Mature CD3+ T cell populations were increased in BM and decreased in both spleen and mLN. Thus, DR arrests B cell development in the BM but increases the number of recirculating mature B cells. DR also arrests maturation of T cells in thymus, resulting in depletion of mature T cells from spleen and mLN while recruiting them to the BM. The functional relevance in relation to protection against organ damage needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushimita Shushimita
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein J W de Bruijn
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron W F de Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J M F Dor
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sitzmann BD, Brown DI, Garyfallou VT, Kohama SG, Mattison JA, Ingram DK, Roth GS, Ottinger MA, Urbanski HF. Impact of moderate calorie restriction on testicular morphology and endocrine function in adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:183-197. [PMID: 23881606 PMCID: PMC3889886 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that moderate calorie restriction (CR) has minimal impact on testicular gene expression in young adult rhesus macaques, and no obvious negative impact on semen quality or plasma testosterone levels. We now extend these findings by examining the influence of CR on various aspects of the reproductive axis of older males, including 24-h circulating testosterone levels, testicular gene expression, and testicular morphology. Young adult and old adult male rhesus macaques were subjected to either 30 % CR for 5-7 years, or were fed a standard control diet. Analysis of the 24-h plasma testosterone profiles revealed a significant age-associated decline, but no evidence for CR-induced suppression in either the young or old males. Similarly, expression profiling of key genes associated with testosterone biosynthesis and Leydig cell maintenance showed no significant CR-induced changes in either the young or old animals. The only evidence for CR-associated negative effects on the testis was detected in the old animals at the histological level; when old CR animals were compared with their age-matched controls, there was a modest decrease in seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium height, with a concomitant increase in the number of depleted germ cell lines. Reassuringly, data from this study and our previous study suggest that moderate CR does not negatively impact 24-h plasma testosterone profiles or testicular gene expression. Although there appear to be some minor CR-induced effects on testicular morphology in old animals, it is unclear if these would significantly compromise fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D. Sitzmann
- />Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
- />Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Donald I. Brown
- />Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
- />Departamento de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Vasilios T. Garyfallou
- />Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
| | - Steven G. Kohama
- />Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
| | - Julie A. Mattison
- />National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Translational Gerontology Branch, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Donald K. Ingram
- />National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Translational Gerontology Branch, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
- />Nutritional Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA
| | | | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- />Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Henryk F. Urbanski
- />Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
- />Department of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
- />Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- />Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- />Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
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Zhao G, Guo S, Somel M, Khaitovich P. Evolution of human longevity uncoupled from caloric restriction mechanisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84117. [PMID: 24400080 PMCID: PMC3882206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) and chemical agents, such as resveratrol and rapamycin that partially mimic the CR effect, can delay morbidity and mortality across a broad range of species. In humans, however, the effects of CR or other life-extending agents have not yet been investigated systematically. Human maximal lifespan is already substantially greater compared to that of closely related primate species. It is therefore possible that humans have acquired genetic mutations that mimic the CR effect. Here, we tested this notion by comparing transcriptome differences between humans and other primates, with the transcriptome changes observed in mice subjected to CR. We show that the human transcriptome state, relative to other primate transcriptomes, does not match that of the CR mice or mice treated with resveratrol, but resembles the transcriptome state of ad libitum fed mice. At the same time, the transcriptome changes induced by CR in mice are enriched among genes showing age-related changes in primates, concentrated in specific expression patterns, and can be linked with specific functional pathways, including insulin signalling, cancer, and the immune response. These findings indicate that the evolution of human longevity was likely independent of CR-induced lifespan extension mechanisms. Consequently, application of CR or CR-mimicking agents may yet offer a promising direction for the extension of healthy human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhao
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Song Guo
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mehmet Somel
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- * E-mail: (MS); (PK)
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Max Planck Institutes for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail: (MS); (PK)
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Wu D, Yi Y, Sun F, Zhou L, Yang F, Wang H, Zhang G, Zhang YA, Yue F. Effects of age and sex on the hematology and blood chemistry of Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2014; 53:12-17. [PMID: 24411774 PMCID: PMC3894642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana), also known as Chinese stump-tailed macaques, are a threatened primate species. Although Tibetan macaques are Old World monkeys in the genus of Macaca, limited age- and sex-related physiologic data are available for this particular species. We used 69 apparently healthy Tibetan male and female macaques to explore the effect of age and sex on physiologic parameters. Somatometric measurements, biochemistry, and hematologic parameters were analyzed. Significant age-related differences were found for weight, BMI, RBC count, Hgb, Hct, neutrophils, eosinophil count, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, creatine kinase (muscle and brain subtypes), LDH, α-amylase, creatinine, apolipoprotein A1, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, HDL, and potassium. Significant differences by sex were noted for weight, BMI, ALT, total bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin. An interaction between age and sex accounted for statistically significant differences in the values for weight, BMI, and lymphocyte and eosinophil counts. These physiologic data will provide veterinarians and researchers with important age- and sex-specific reference ranges for evaluating experimental results from Tibetan macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yi
- Institute of Laboratory Animals of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Institute of Laboratory Animals of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Animals of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animals of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Wincon Laboratory, Wincon TheraCells Biotechnologies, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yu Alex Zhang
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Neuro-biology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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The impact of dietary methionine restriction on biomarkers of metabolic health. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 121:351-76. [PMID: 24373243 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800101-1.00011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction without malnutrition, commonly referred to as dietary restriction (DR), results in a well-documented extension of life span. DR also produces significant, long-lasting improvements in biomarkers of metabolic health that begin to accrue soon after its introduction. The improvements are attributable in part to the effects of DR on energy balance, which limit fat accumulation through reduction in energy intake. Accumulation of excess body fat occurs when energy intake chronically exceeds the energy costs for growth and maintenance of existing tissue. The resulting obesity promotes the development of insulin resistance, disordered lipid metabolism, and increased expression of inflammatory markers in peripheral tissues. The link between the life-extending effects of DR and adiposity is the subject of an ongoing debate, but it is clear that decreased fat accumulation improves insulin sensitivity and produces beneficial effects on overall metabolic health. Over the last 20 years, dietary methionine restriction (MR) has emerged as a promising DR mimetic because it produces a comparable extension in life span, but surprisingly, does not require food restriction. Dietary MR also reduces adiposity but does so through a paradoxical increase in both energy intake and expenditure. The increase in energy expenditure fully compensates for increased energy intake and effectively limits fat deposition. Perhaps more importantly, the diet increases metabolic flexibility and overall insulin sensitivity and improves lipid metabolism while decreasing systemic inflammation. In this chapter, we describe recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms and effects of dietary MR and discuss the remaining obstacles to implementing MR as a treatment for metabolic disease.
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47
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Wanders D, Ghosh S, Stone KP, Van NT, Gettys TW. Transcriptional impact of dietary methionine restriction on systemic inflammation: relevance to biomarkers of metabolic disease during aging. Biofactors 2014; 40:13-26. [PMID: 23813805 PMCID: PMC3796060 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition increases lifespan and produces significant improvements in biomarkers of metabolic health. The improvements are attributable in part to effects of CR on energy balance, which limit fat accumulation by restricting energy intake. Normal age-associated increases in adiposity and insulin resistance are associated with development of a systemic proinflammatory state, while chronic CR limits fat deposition and expression of inflammatory markers. Dietary methionine restriction (MR) has emerged as an effective CR mimetic because it produces a comparable extension in lifespan. MR also reduces adiposity through a compensatory increase in energy expenditure that effectively limits fat accumulation, but essentially nothing is known about the effects of MR on systemic inflammation. Here, we review the relationships between these two interventions and discuss their transcriptional impact. In addition, using tissues from rats after long-term consumption of CR or MR diets, transcriptional profiling was used to examine retrospectively the systems biology of 59 networks of molecules annotated to inflammation. Transcriptional effects of both diets occurred primarily in white adipose tissue and liver, and the responses to MR were far more robust than those to CR. The primary transcriptional targets of MR in both liver and white adipose tissue were phagocytes and macrophages, where expression of genes associated with immune cell infiltration and quantity was reduced. These findings support the conclusion that anti-inflammatory responses produced by CR and MR are not strictly dependent upon reduced adiposity but are significantly influenced by the metabolic mechanisms through which energy balance is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Wanders
- Laboratories of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Computational Biology Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Kirsten P. Stone
- Laboratories of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Nancy T. Van
- Laboratories of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Thomas W. Gettys
- Laboratories of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Baton Rouge, LA
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Abstract
Relative reinforcing effects of different ethanol and different cocaine doses were studied under concurrent independent fixed-ratio (FR) schedules and concurrent nonindependent FR schedules with rhesus monkeys. Nonindependent FR schedules differed from independent FR schedules in that responses on either side counted towards the FR requirements of two concurrently presented choices. Thus, responses on the right operandum counted toward completion of both right and left FR schedules and, symmetrically, responses on the left did the same. Nonindependent schedules allow the number of responses per drug delivery to vary considerably, unlike independent schedules, thereby making the number of responses per delivery a sensitive dependent variable. In contrast, standard independent schedules do not allow responses per drug delivery to vary; the required number of responses is an independent variable. Three rhesus monkeys were subjects, and choices between different doses of ethanol or cocaine were studied. Larger doses maintained higher response rates than smaller doses - consistent with previous choice studies. By using nonindependent schedules, however, graded responses per drug delivery and increased switching between sides were obtained, providing additional data and useful measures of choice.
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Abstract
As life expectancy in the United States continues to increase, the maintenance of physical independence among older Americans has emerged as a major clinical and public health priority. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify interventions that can maintain or enhance cognitive and physical function with the goal of preventing or delaying the onset of disability. To date, caloric restriction (CR) is the only method that has been consistently found to increase lifespan and delay the onset of age-associated diseases such as cancer and diabetes across multiple species. The promise of calorie restriction as an intervention to improve health and/or maintain function in humans, however, only holds if individuals are able to adhere to this intervention over the long-term. Unfortunately, long-term adherence to CR regimens is notoriously poor likely due to complex interactions between behavioral, physiological, psychological, and environmental variables. Thus, a current challenge for both researchers and clinicians is to identify methods that can assist individuals in maintaining CR over the long-term.
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Wu D, Jiang WY, Yang F, Wei SY, Zhou L, Yi Y, Wang HX, Zhang YA, Yue F. Somatometric measurements, and clinical chemistry and hematology parameters in Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana). J Med Primatol 2013; 42:318-24. [PMID: 23952261 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited physiological data for Tibetan macaques are available at present. This study will provide more rationale for evaluating this species. METHODS Thirty-seven Tibetan macaques (15 males and 22 females) were used in this study. Somatometric measurements, clinical chemistry and hematology parameters, insulin, and C-peptide were analyzed. RESULTS Females had higher values of waist and waist hip ratio (WHR) than males in somatometric measurements. There were no significant differences between the two genders in hematology. Significant differences between males and females were only found for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in biochemistry testing. In addition, females had higher fasting insulin and C-peptide than males. There was a strongly positive correlation between age and some somatometric parameters. CONCLUSIONS These physiological data will provide veterinarians and researchers with baseline values to evaluate experimental results using Tibetan macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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