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Mei Z, Khalil MA, Guo Y, Li D, Banerjee A, Taheri M, Kratzmeier CM, Chen K, Lau CL, Luzina IG, Atamas SP, Kandasamy S, Kreisel D, Gelman AE, Jacobsen EA, Krupnick AS. Stress-induced eosinophil activation contributes to postoperative morbidity and mortality after lung resection. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadl4222. [PMID: 39167663 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adl4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory failure occurs more frequently after thoracic surgery than abdominal surgery. Although the etiology for this complication is frequently attributed to underlying lung disease present in patients undergoing thoracic surgery, this notion is often unfounded because many patients with normal preoperative pulmonary function often require prolonged oxygen supplementation even after minimal resection of lung tissue. Using a murine model of pulmonary resection and peripheral blood samples from patients undergoing resection of the lung or abdominal organs, we demonstrated that lung surgery initiates a proinflammatory loop that results in damage to the remaining lung tissue, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, hypoxia, and even death. Specifically, we demonstrated that resection of murine lung tissue increased concentrations of the homeostatic cytokine interleukin-7, which led to local and systemic activation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells. This process activated lung-resident eosinophils and facilitated stress-induced eosinophil maturation in the bone marrow in a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent manner, resulting in systemic eosinophilia in both mice and humans. Up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in lung-resident eosinophils led to tissue nitrosylation, pulmonary edema, hypoxia, and, at times, death. Disrupting this activation cascade at any stage ameliorated deleterious outcomes and improved survival after lung resection in the mouse model. Our data suggest that repurposing US Food and Drug Administration-approved eosinophil-targeting strategies may potentially offer a therapeutic intervention to improve outcomes for patients who require lung resection for benign or malignant etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Mei
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - May A Khalil
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yizhan Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Dongge Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mojtaba Taheri
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Kelly Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Christine L Lau
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Irina G Luzina
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sergei P Atamas
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Alexander Sasha Krupnick
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Yang Y, Jeong J, Su T, Lai S, Zhang P, Garcia-Milian R, Graham M, Liu X, McConnell MJ, Utsumi T, Pereira J, Iwakiri Y. Interleukin-7-based identification of liver lymphatic endothelial cells reveals their unique structural features. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:101069. [PMID: 38966234 PMCID: PMC11222939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The lymphatic system plays crucial roles in maintaining fluid balance and immune regulation. Studying the liver lymphatics has been considered challenging, as common lymphatic endothelial cell (LyEC) markers are expressed by other liver cells. Additionally, isolation of sufficient numbers of LyECs has been challenging because of their extremely low abundance (<0.01% of entire liver cell population) in a normal liver. Methods Potential LyEC markers was identified using our published single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset (GSE147581) in mouse livers. Interleukin-7 (IL7) promoter-driven green fluorescent protein knock-in heterozygous mice were used for the validation of IL7 expression in LyECs in the liver, for the development of liver LyEC isolation protocol, and generating liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Scanning electron microscopy was used for the structural analysis of LyECs. Changes in LyEC phenotypes in livers of mice with I/R were determined by RNA-seq analysis. Results Through scRNA-seq analysis, we have identified IL7 as an exclusive marker for liver LyECs, with no overlap with other liver cell types. Based on IL7 expression in liver LyECs, we have established an LyEC isolation method and observed distinct cell surface structures of LyECs with fenestrae and cellular pores (ranging from 100 to 400 nm in diameter). Furthermore, we identified LyEC genes that undergo alterations during I/R liver injuries. Conclusions This study not only identified IL7 as an exclusively expressed gene in liver LyECs, but also enhanced our understanding of LyEC structures and demonstrated transcriptomic changes in injured livers. Impact and implications Understanding the lymphatic system in the liver is challenging because of the absence of specific markers for liver LyEC. This study has identified IL7 as a reliable marker for LyECs, enabling the development of an effective method for their isolation, elucidating their unique cell surface structure, and identifying LyEC genes that undergo changes during liver damage. The development of IL7 antibodies for detecting it in human liver specimens will further advance our understanding of the liver lymphatic system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jain Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tingting Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sanchuan Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- The Transplantation Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Bioinformatics Support Hub, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Morven Graham
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xinran Liu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew J. McConnell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Teruo Utsumi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joao Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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3
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Park HJ, Lee SW, Van Kaer L, Lee MS, Hong S. IL-7 Deficiency Exacerbates Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9956. [PMID: 37373104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) plays a vital role in the homeostasis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Although IL-7 has been implicated in T helper (Th)1- and Th17-mediated autoinflammatory diseases, its role in Th2-type allergic disorders, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), remains unclear. Thus, to elucidate the effects of IL-7 deficiency on AD development, we generated IL-7-deficient AD-prone mice by backcrossing IL-7 knockout (KO) B6 mice onto the NC/Nga (NC) mouse strain, a model for human AD. As expected, IL-7 KO NC mice displayed defective development of conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared with wild type (WT) NC mice. However, IL-7 KO NC mice presented with enhanced AD clinical scores, IgE hyperproduction, and increased epidermal thickness compared with WT NC mice. Moreover, IL-7 deficiency decreased Th1, Th17, and IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells but increased Th2 cells in the spleen of NC mice, indicating that a reduced Th1/Th2 ratio correlates with severity of AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, significantly more basophils and mast cells infiltrated the skin lesions of IL-7 KO NC mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that IL-7 could be a useful therapeutic target for treating Th2-mediated skin inflammations, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Biomedical Services, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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4
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Sato Y, Silina K, van den Broek M, Hirahara K, Yanagita M. The roles of tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00706-z. [PMID: 37046081 PMCID: PMC10092939 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid tissues that drive antigen-specific immune responses at sites of chronic inflammation. Unlike secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, TLSs lack capsules and have their own unique characteristics and functions. The presumed influence of TLSs on the disease course has led to widespread interest in obtaining a better understanding of their biology and function. Studies using single-cell analyses have suggested heterogeneity in TLS composition and phenotype, and consequently, functional correlates with disease progression are sometimes conflicting. The presence of TLSs correlates with a favourable disease course in cancer and infection. Conversely, in autoimmune diseases and chronic age-related inflammatory diseases including chronic kidney disease, the presence of TLSs is associated with a more severe disease course. However, the detailed mechanisms that underlie these clinical associations are not fully understood. To what extent the mechanisms of TLS development and maturation are shared across organs and diseases is also still obscure. Improved understanding of TLS development and function at the cellular and molecular levels may enable the exploitation of these structures to improve therapies for chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Karina Silina
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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5
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Lim VY, Feng X, Miao R, Zehentmeier S, Ewing-Crystal N, Lee M, Tumanov AV, Oh JE, Iwasaki A, Wang A, Choi J, Pereira JP. Mature B cells and mesenchymal stem cells control emergency myelopoiesis. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301924. [PMID: 36717247 PMCID: PMC9889502 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation halts lymphopoiesis and prioritizes myeloid cell production. How blood cell production switches from homeostasis to emergency myelopoiesis is incompletely understood. Here, we show that lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) signaling in combination with TNF and IL-1 receptor signaling in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) down-regulates Il7 expression to shut down lymphopoiesis during systemic inflammation. LTβR signaling in MSCs also promoted CCL2 production during systemic inflammation. Pharmacological or genetic blocking of LTβR signaling in MSCs partially enabled lymphopoiesis and reduced monocyte numbers in the spleen during systemic inflammation, which correlated with reduced survival during systemic bacterial and viral infections. Interestingly, lymphotoxin-α1β2 delivered by B-lineage cells, and specifically by mature B cells, contributed to promote Il7 down-regulation and reduce MSC lymphopoietic activity. Our studies revealed an unexpected role of LTβR signaling in MSCs and identified recirculating mature B cells as an important regulator of emergency myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Y Lim
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xing Feng
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Runfeng Miao
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sandra Zehentmeier
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nathan Ewing-Crystal
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Moonyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ji Eun Oh
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - João P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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6
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Taylor CA, Watson RA, Tong O, Ye W, Nassiri I, Gilchrist JJ, de Los Aires AV, Sharma PK, Koturan S, Cooper RA, Woodcock VK, Jungkurth E, Shine B, Coupe N, Payne MJ, Church DN, Naranbhai V, Groha S, Emery P, Mankia K, Freedman ML, Choueiri TK, Middleton MR, Gusev A, Fairfax BP. IL7 genetic variation and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade in patients with melanoma. Nat Med 2022; 28:2592-2600. [PMID: 36526722 PMCID: PMC9800275 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) frequently triggers immune-related adverse events (irAEs), causing considerable morbidity. In 214 patients receiving ICB for melanoma, we observed increased severe irAE risk in minor allele carriers of rs16906115, intronic to IL7. We found that rs16906115 forms a B cell-specific expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) to IL7 in patients. Patients carrying the risk allele demonstrate increased pre-treatment B cell IL7 expression, which independently associates with irAE risk, divergent immunoglobulin expression and more B cell receptor mutations. Consistent with the role of IL-7 in T cell development, risk allele carriers have distinct ICB-induced CD8+ T cell subset responses, skewing of T cell clonality and greater proportional repertoire occupancy by large clones. Finally, analysis of TCGA data suggests that risk allele carriers independently have improved melanoma survival. These observations highlight key roles for B cells and IL-7 in both ICB response and toxicity and clinical outcomes in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Taylor
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert A Watson
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Orion Tong
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Weiyu Ye
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Isar Nassiri
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James J Gilchrist
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alba Verge de Los Aires
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Piyush Kumar Sharma
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Surya Koturan
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosalin A Cooper
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria K Woodcock
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Elsita Jungkurth
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian Shine
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas Coupe
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Miranda J Payne
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - David N Church
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Stefan Groha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Kulveer Mankia
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark R Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin P Fairfax
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
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7
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Sheikh A, Lu J, Melese E, Seo JH, Abraham N. IL-7 induces type 2 cytokine response in lung ILC2s and regulates GATA3 and CD25 expression. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1105-1113. [PMID: 35603486 PMCID: PMC9790234 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab1220-819rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 is a cytokine with well-established roles in lymphocyte development and more recently, an expanded role in immune function. IL-7Rα is highly expressed by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), but how IL-7 directs the development or function of ILCs is not well studied. Using mice with inducible deletion of IL-7Rα, we showed that loss of IL-7 signaling led to impaired production of IL-5, IL-13 and amphiregulin in lung ST2+ group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) following influenza/A infection. Conversely, mice treated with IL-7 increased production of IL-5 and IL-13 by lung ILC2s. Moreover, we showed that IL-7 enhanced GATA3 and CD25 expression in ILC2s and loss of IL-7 signaling led to their reduced expression. Altogether, this study demonstrates that IL-7 regulates the function of ILC2s during airway viral infection and induces GATA3 and CD25 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Sheikh
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada,Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Julia Lu
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada,Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Etienne Melese
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada,Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Jung Hee Seo
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada,Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Ninan Abraham
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada,Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada,Department of ZoologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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8
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Zehentmeier S, Lim VY, Ma Y, Fossati J, Ito T, Jiang Y, Tumanov AV, Lee HJ, Dillinger L, Kim J, Csomos K, Walter JE, Choi J, Pereira JP. Dysregulated stem cell niches and altered lymphocyte recirculation cause B and T cell lymphopenia in WHIM syndrome. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabo3170. [PMID: 36149943 PMCID: PMC9614684 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in CXCR4 cause WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis) syndrome, characterized by infections, leukocyte retention in bone marrow (BM), and blood leukopenias. B lymphopenia is evident at early progenitor stages, yet why do CXCR4 GOF mutations that cause B (and T) lymphopenia remain obscure? Using a CXCR4 R334X GOF mouse model of WHIM syndrome, we showed that lymphopoiesis is reduced because of a dysregulated mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transcriptome characterized by a switch from an adipogenic to an osteolineage-prone program with limited lymphopoietic activity. We identify lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) as a critical pathway promoting interleukin-7 (IL-7) down-regulation in MSCs. Blocking LTβR or CXCR4 signaling restored IL-7 production and B cell development in WHIM mice. LTβR blocking also increased production of IL-7 and B cell activating factor (BAFF) in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), increasing B and T cell numbers in the periphery. These studies revealed that LTβR signaling in BM MSCs and SLO stromal cells limits the lymphocyte compartment size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Zehentmeier
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vivian Y Lim
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yifan Ma
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia Fossati
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Takeshi Ito
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yawen Jiang
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Genetics and Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lukas Dillinger
- X4 Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
- X4 Pharmaceuticals Inc., Vienna, Austria
| | - Jihyun Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Krisztian Csomos
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jolan E Walter
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Division Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Genetics and Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - João P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
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9
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Sheikh A, Jackson J, Shim HB, Yau C, Seo JH, Abraham N. Selective dependence on IL-7 for antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses during airway influenza infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:135. [PMID: 34997007 PMCID: PMC8741933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a cytokine known for its importance in T cell development and survival. How IL-7 shapes CD8 T cell responses during an acute viral infection is less understood. We had previously shown that IL-7 signaling deficient mice have reduced accumulation of influenza-specific CD8 T cells following influenza infection. We sought to determine whether IL-7 affects early CD8 T cell expansion in the mediastinal lymph node and effector function in the lungs. Using IL-7Rα signaling deficient mice, we show that IL-7 is required for a normal sized mediastinal lymph node and the early clonal expansion of influenza-specific CD8 T cells therein. We show that IL-7 plays a cell-intrinsic role in the accumulation of NP366-374 and PA224-233-specific CD8 T cells in the lymph node. We also found that IL-7 shapes terminal differentiation, degranulation and cytokine production to a greater extent in PA224-233-specific than NP366-374-specific CD8 T cells. We further demonstrate that IL-7 is induced in the lung tissue by viral infection and we characterize multiple cellular sources that contribute to IL-7 production. Our findings on IL-7 and its effects on lower respiratory diseases will be important for expanding the utility of therapeutics that are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Sheikh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennie Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hanjoo Brian Shim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Clement Yau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Hee Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ninan Abraham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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10
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Ikuta K, Hara T, Abe S, Asahi T, Takami D, Cui G. The Roles of IL-7 and IL-15 in Niches for Lymphocyte Progenitors and Immune Cells in Lymphoid Organs. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 434:83-101. [PMID: 34850283 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-86016-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoid organs consist of immune cells and stromal cells. The stromal cells produce various cytokines that support the development, maintenance, and response of the immune cells. IL-7 and IL-15 are the major cytokines produced by stromal cells and are essential for the development and maintenance of lymphocytes and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). In addition, IL-7 is indispensable for the organogenesis of lymphoid organs. However, because the amount of these two cytokines is relatively low, it has been difficult to directly detect their expression. Recently, several groups succeeded in establishing IL-7 and IL-15 reporter mouse lines. As expected, IL-7 and IL-15 were detected in mesenchymal stromal cells in the bone marrow and lymph nodes and in epithelial cells in the thymus. Furthermore, IL-7 and IL-15 were differentially expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells and blood endothelial cells, respectively. In addition to their expression, many groups have analyzed the local functions of IL-7 and IL-15 by using cell-type-specific knockout mice. From these experiments, CXCL12-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells were identified as the major niche for early B cell precursors. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis has revealed different subpopulations of stromal cells in the lymphoid organs, including those that express both IL-7 and IL-15. Future research is still needed to elucidate which stromal cells serve as the niche for the early precursors of ILCs and NK cells in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Hara
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Abe
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuma Asahi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Daichi Takami
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Guangwei Cui
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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11
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Abstract
Conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes comprise a mixture of naive and memory cells. Generation and survival of these T-cell subsets is under strict homeostatic control and reflects contact with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and certain cytokines. Naive T cells arise in the thymus via T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent positive selection to self-peptide/MHC complexes and are then maintained in the periphery through self-MHC interaction plus stimulation via interleukin-7 (IL-7). By contrast, memory T cells are largely MHC-independent for their survival but depend strongly on stimulation via cytokines. Whereas typical memory T cells are generated in response to foreign antigens, some arise spontaneously through contact of naive precursors with self-MHC ligands; we refer to these cells as memory-phenotype (MP) T cells. In this review, we discuss the generation and homeostasis of naive T cells and these two types of memory T cells, focusing on their relative interaction with MHC ligands and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawabe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jaeu Yi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan Sprent
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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12
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Farsakoglu Y, McDonald B, Kaech SM. Motility Matters: How CD8 + T-Cell Trafficking Influences Effector and Memory Cell Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a038075. [PMID: 34001529 PMCID: PMC8327832 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory is a hallmark of adaptive immunity that confers long-lasting protection from reinfections. Memory CD8+ T cells provide protection by actively scanning for their cognate antigen and migrating into inflamed tissues. Trafficking patterns of CD8+ T cells are also a major determinant of cell fate outcomes during differentiation into effector and memory cell states. CD8+ T-cell trafficking must therefore be dynamically and tightly regulated to ensure that CD8+ T cells arrive at the correct locations and differentiate to acquire appropriate effector functions. This review aims to discuss the importance of CD8+ T-cell trafficking patterns in regulating effector and memory differentiation, maintenance, and reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Farsakoglu
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Bryan McDonald
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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13
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Regulatory T Cells Fail to Suppress Fast Homeostatic Proliferation In Vitro. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030245. [PMID: 33809452 PMCID: PMC8002103 DOI: 10.3390/life11030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic proliferation (HP) is a physiological process that reconstitutes the T cell pool after lymphopenia involving Interleukin-7 and 15 (IL-7 and IL-15), which are the key cytokines regulating the process. However, there is no evidence that these cytokines influence the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Since lymphopenia often accompanies autoimmune diseases, we decided to study the functional activity of Tregs stimulated by HP cytokines from patients with rheumatoid arthritis as compared with that of those from healthy donors. Since T cell receptor (TCR) signal strength determines the intensity of HP, we imitated slow HP using IL-7 or IL-15 and fast HP using a combination of IL-7 or IL-15 with anti-CD3 antibodies, cultivating Treg cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at a 1:1 ratio. We used peripheral blood from 14 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 18 healthy volunteers. We also used anti-CD3 and anti-CD3 + IL-2 stimulation as controls. The suppressive activity of Treg cells was evaluated in each case by the inhibition of the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. The phenotype and proliferation of purified CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127lo cells were assessed by flow cytometry. The suppressive activity of the total pool of Tregs did not differ between the rheumatoid arthritis and healthy donors; however, it significantly decreased in conditions close to fast HP when the influence of HP cytokines was accompanied by anti-CD3 stimulation. The Treg proliferation caused by HP cytokines was lower in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients than in the healthy individuals. The revealed decrease in Treg suppressive activity could impact the TCR landscape during lymphopenia and lead to the proliferation of potentially self-reactive T cell clones that are able to receive relatively strong TCR signals. This may be another explanation as to why lymphopenia is associated with the development of autoimmune diseases. The revealed decrease in Treg proliferation under IL-7 and IL-15 exposure can lead to a delay in Treg pool reconstitution in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the case of lymphopenia.
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14
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Bacchus-Souffan C, Fitch M, Symons J, Abdel-Mohsen M, Reeves DB, Hoh R, Stone M, Hiatt J, Kim P, Chopra A, Ahn H, York VA, Cameron DL, Hecht FM, Martin JN, Yukl SA, Mallal S, Cameron PU, Deeks SG, Schiffer JT, Lewin SR, Hellerstein MK, McCune JM, Hunt PW. Relationship between CD4 T cell turnover, cellular differentiation and HIV persistence during ART. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009214. [PMID: 33465157 PMCID: PMC7846027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise role of CD4 T cell turnover in maintaining HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not yet been well characterized. In resting CD4 T cell subpopulations from 24 HIV-infected ART-suppressed and 6 HIV-uninfected individuals, we directly measured cellular turnover by heavy water labeling, HIV reservoir size by integrated HIV-DNA (intDNA) and cell-associated HIV-RNA (caRNA), and HIV reservoir clonality by proviral integration site sequencing. Compared to HIV-negatives, ART-suppressed individuals had similar fractional replacement rates in all subpopulations, but lower absolute proliferation rates of all subpopulations other than effector memory (TEM) cells, and lower plasma IL-7 levels (p = 0.0004). Median CD4 T cell half-lives decreased with cell differentiation from naïve to TEM cells (3 years to 3 months, p<0.001). TEM had the fastest replacement rates, were most highly enriched for intDNA and caRNA, and contained the most clonal proviral expansion. Clonal proviruses detected in less mature subpopulations were more expanded in TEM, suggesting that they were maintained through cell differentiation. Earlier ART initiation was associated with lower levels of intDNA, caRNA and fractional replacement rates. In conclusion, circulating integrated HIV proviruses appear to be maintained both by slow turnover of immature CD4 subpopulations, and by clonal expansion as well as cell differentiation into effector cells with faster replacement rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Bacchus-Souffan
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Fitch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jori Symons
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Daniel B. Reeves
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Hiatt
- Medical Scientist Training Program & Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peggy Kim
- Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, California, United States of America
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Haelee Ahn
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Vanessa A. York
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Cameron
- Division of Bioinformatics, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Frederick M. Hecht
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Yukl
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, California, United States of America
| | - Simon Mallal
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Paul U. Cameron
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua T. Schiffer
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marc K. Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. McCune
- Global Health Innovative Technology Solutions/HIV Frontiers, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Pro-lymphangiogenic VEGFR-3 signaling modulates memory T cell responses in allergic airway inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:144-151. [PMID: 32518367 PMCID: PMC7725864 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In allergic airway inflammation, VEGFR-3-mediated lymphangiogenesis occurs in humans and mouse models, yet its immunological roles, particularly in adaptive immunity, are poorly understood. Here, we explored how pro-lymphangiogenic signaling affects the allergic response to house dust mite (HDM). In the acute inflammatory phase, the lungs of mice treated with blocking antibodies against VEGFR-3 (mF4-31C1) displayed less inflammation overall, with dramatically reduced innate and T-cell numbers and reduced inflammatory chemokine levels. However, when inflammation was allowed to resolve and memory recall was induced 2 months later, mice treated with mF4-31C1 as well as VEGF-C/-D knockout models showed exacerbated type 2 memory response to HDM, with increased Th2 cells, eosinophils, type 2 chemokines, and pathological inflammation scores. This was associated with lower CCL21 and decreased TRegs in the lymph nodes. Together, our data imply that VEGFR-3 activation in allergic airways helps to both initiate the acute inflammatory response and regulate the adaptive (memory) response, possibly in part by shifting the TReg/Th2 balance. This introduces new immunomodulatory roles for pro-lymphangiogenic VEGFR-3 signaling in allergic airway inflammation and suggests that airway lymphatics may be a novel target for treating allergic responses.
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16
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Su T, Yang Y, Lai S, Jeong J, Jung Y, McConnell M, Utsumi T, Iwakiri Y. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Zone-Specific Alterations of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in Cirrhosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1139-1161. [PMID: 33340713 PMCID: PMC7903131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is permissive for the progression of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and responsible for its clinical complications. Here, we have mapped the spatial distribution of heterogeneous liver ECs in normal vs cirrhotic mouse livers and identified zone-specific transcriptomic changes of LSECs associated with liver cirrhosis using scRNA-seq technology. APPROACH & RESULTS Cirrhosis was generated in endothelial specific green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter mice through carbon tetrachloride inhalation for 12 weeks. GFP-positive liver EC populations were isolated from control and cirrhotic mice by FACS. We identified 6 clusters of liver EC populations including 3 clusters of LSECs, 2 clusters of vascular ECs and 1 cluster of lymphatic ECs. Based on previously reported LSEC-landmarks, we mapped the 3 clusters of LSECs in zones 1, 2, and 3, and determined phenotypic changes in each zone between control and cirrhotic mice. We found genes representing capillarization of LSECs (eg, CD34) as well as extracellular matrix genes were most upregulated in LSECs of zone 3 in cirrhotic mice, which may contribute to the development of basement membranes. LSECs in cirrhotic mice also demonstrated decreased expression of endocytic receptors, most remarkably in zone 3. Transcription factors (Klf2 [Kruppel-like factor-2], Klf4 [Kruppel-like factor-4], and AP-1) that induce nitric oxide production in response to shear stress were downregulated in LSECs of all zones in cirrhotic mice, implying increased intrahepatic vascular resistance. CONCLUSION This study deepens our knowledge of the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis at a spatial, cell-specific level, which is indispensable for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to target the most dysfunctional liver ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sanchuan Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jain Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yirang Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthew McConnell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Teruo Utsumi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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17
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Lymph Node Stromal Cells: Mapmakers of T Cell Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207785. [PMID: 33096748 PMCID: PMC7588999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells (SCs) are strategically positioned in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs to provide a scaffold and orchestrate immunity by modulating immune cell maturation, migration and activation. Recent characterizations of SCs have expanded our understanding of their heterogeneity and suggested a functional specialization of distinct SC subsets, further modulated by the microenvironment. Lymph node SCs (LNSCs) have been shown to be particularly important in maintaining immune homeostasis and T cell tolerance. Under inflammation situations, such as viral infections or tumor development, SCs undergo profound changes in their numbers and phenotype and play important roles in contributing to either the activation or the control of T cell immunity. In this review, we highlight the role of SCs located in LNs in shaping peripheral T cell responses in different immune contexts, such as autoimmunity, viral and cancer immunity.
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18
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Cline-Smith A, Axelbaum A, Shashkova E, Chakraborty M, Sanford J, Panesar P, Peterson M, Cox L, Baldan A, Veis D, Aurora R. Ovariectomy Activates Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation Mediated by Memory T Cells, Which Promotes Osteoporosis in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1174-1187. [PMID: 31995253 PMCID: PMC8061311 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The loss of estrogen (E2 ) initiates a rapid phase of bone loss leading to osteoporosis in one-half of postmenopausal women, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show for the first time how loss of E2 activates low-grade inflammation to promote the acute phase of bone catabolic activity in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. E2 regulates the abundance of dendritic cells (DCs) that express IL-7 and IL-15 by inducing the Fas ligand (FasL) and apoptosis of the DC. In the absence of E2 , DCs become long-lived, leading to increased IL-7 and IL-15. We find that IL-7 and IL-15 together, but not alone, induced antigen-independent production of IL-17A and TNFα in a subset of memory T cells (TMEM ). OVX of mice with T-cell-specific ablation of IL15RA showed no IL-17A and TNFα expression, and no increase in bone resorption or bone loss, confirming the role of IL-15 in activating the TMEM and the need for inflammation. Our results provide a new mechanism by which E2 regulates the immune system, and how menopause leads to osteoporosis. The low-grade inflammation is likely to cause or contribute to other comorbidities observed postmenopause. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cline-Smith
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ariel Axelbaum
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elena Shashkova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mousumi Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessie Sanford
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Prabhjyot Panesar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Macey Peterson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Linda Cox
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Angel Baldan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah Veis
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rajeev Aurora
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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19
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Amezcua Vesely MC, Pallis P, Bielecki P, Low JS, Zhao J, Harman CCD, Kroehling L, Jackson R, Bailis W, Licona-Limón P, Xu H, Iijima N, Pillai PS, Kaplan DH, Weaver CT, Kluger Y, Kowalczyk MS, Iwasaki A, Pereira JP, Esplugues E, Gagliani N, Flavell RA. Effector T H17 Cells Give Rise to Long-Lived T RM Cells that Are Essential for an Immediate Response against Bacterial Infection. Cell 2020; 178:1176-1188.e15. [PMID: 31442406 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity provides life-long protection by generating central and effector memory T cells and the most recently described tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells. However, the cellular origin of CD4 TRM cells and their contribution to host defense remain elusive. Using IL-17A tracking-fate mouse models, we found that a significant fraction of lung CD4 TRM cells derive from IL-17A-producing effector (TH17) cells following immunization with heat-killed Klebsiella pneumonia (Kp). These exTH17 TRM cells are maintained in the lung by IL-7, produced by lymphatic endothelial cells. During a memory response, neither antibodies, γδ T cells, nor circulatory T cells are sufficient for the rapid host defense required to eliminate Kp. Conversely, using parabiosis and depletion studies, we demonstrated that exTH17 TRM cells play an important role in bacterial clearance. Thus, we delineate the origin and function of airway CD4 TRM cells during bacterial infection, offering novel strategies for targeted vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Amezcua Vesely
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paris Pallis
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Piotr Bielecki
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jun Siong Low
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christian C D Harman
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lina Kroehling
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruaidhrí Jackson
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Will Bailis
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Norifumi Iijima
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Padmini S Pillai
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Applied Mathematics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joao P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Enric Esplugues
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; I. Medical Department and Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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20
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Tayama S, Okuyama Y, Phung HT, Asao A, Kobayashi S, Musha T, Machiyama T, Sakurai T, Zhang C, Ushio-Fukai M, Kawabe T, So T, Ishii N. IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 is essential for the optimal maintenance of lung ILC2s. Int Immunol 2020; 32:233-241. [PMID: 31819988 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play critical roles in type 2 immunity and are crucial for pathogenesis of various types of inflammatory disease. IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is a ubiquitously expressed scaffold protein that is involved in multiple cellular functions such as cell survival and trafficking. While the roles for IQGAP1 in T and B lymphocytes have been uncovered, the physiological significance of IQGAP1 in innate lymphocytes remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we demonstrate that using bone marrow chimeras, the deficiency of IQGAP1 caused an impaired survival of lung ILC2s in a cell-intrinsic manner and that Iqgap1-/- mice displayed decreased accumulation of ILC2s after administration of papain and thereby reduced the pathology of the disease. Moreover, Iqgap1-/- ILC2s showed a significantly enhanced apoptosis as compared to wild-type ILC2s under both steady-state and inflammatory conditions. Together these results identify for the first time that IQGAP1 is essential for homeostasis of ILC2s in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Tayama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuko Okuyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hai The Phung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsuko Asao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomomi Musha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Machiyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakurai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chengming Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Takeshi Kawabe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanori So
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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21
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Vokali E, Yu SS, Hirosue S, Rinçon-Restrepo M, V Duraes F, Scherer S, Corthésy-Henrioud P, Kilarski WW, Mondino A, Zehn D, Hugues S, Swartz MA. Lymphatic endothelial cells prime naïve CD8 + T cells into memory cells under steady-state conditions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:538. [PMID: 31988323 PMCID: PMC6985113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) chemoattract naïve T cells and promote their survival in the lymph nodes, and can cross-present antigens to naïve CD8+ T cells to drive their proliferation despite lacking key costimulatory molecules. However, the functional consequence of LEC priming of CD8+ T cells is unknown. Here, we show that while many proliferating LEC-educated T cells enter early apoptosis, the remainders comprise a long-lived memory subset, with transcriptional, metabolic, and phenotypic features of central memory and stem cell-like memory T cells. In vivo, these memory cells preferentially home to lymph nodes and display rapid proliferation and effector differentiation following memory recall, and can protect mice against a subsequent bacterial infection. These findings introduce a new immunomodulatory role for LECs in directly generating a memory-like subset of quiescent yet antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells that are long-lived and can rapidly differentiate into effector cells upon inflammatory antigenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Vokali
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shann S Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Rinçon-Restrepo
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda V Duraes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Witold W Kilarski
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Mondino
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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22
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Sheikh A, Abraham N. Interleukin-7 Receptor Alpha in Innate Lymphoid Cells: More Than a Marker. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2897. [PMID: 31921158 PMCID: PMC6917604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a group of immune cells that are important for defense against pathogens, tissue repair, and lymphoid organogenesis. They share similar characteristics with various subsets of helper T cells but lack specific antigen receptors. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are cytokines that engage the IL-7Rα and have major roles in dictating the fate of ILCs. Recent advances in the field have revealed transcriptional programs associated with ILC development and function. In this article, we will review recent studies of the role of IL-7 and TSLP in ILC development and function during infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Sheikh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ninan Abraham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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23
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Postigo-Fernandez J, Farber DL, Creusot RJ. Phenotypic alterations in pancreatic lymph node stromal cells from human donors with type 1 diabetes and NOD mice. Diabetologia 2019; 62:2040-2051. [PMID: 31486854 PMCID: PMC6812633 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-04984-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Tolerance induction in lymph nodes can be mediated by both haematopoietic cells (e.g. specific dendritic cells subsets) and by non-haematopoietic cells (e.g. lymph node stromal cells [LNSCs]) when they present peripheral tissue antigens to autoreactive T cells. LNSCs normally regulate T cell trafficking and survival and help to maintain peripheral tolerance by exerting immunosuppressive effects. However, whether autoimmunity can be associated with defective tolerogenic functions of LNSCs is unknown and studies aimed at characterising LNSCs in humans are lacking. We hypothesised that dysregulated T cell responses in pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) from donors with type 1 diabetes and from NOD mice may be associated with altered LNSC function. METHODS We analysed PLNs from donors with type 1 diabetes and NOD mice for LNSC distribution and phenotype using flow cytometry. We assessed the expression of tolerance-related genes in different subsets of LNSCs from human donors, as well as in a population of dendritic cells enriched in autoimmune regulator (AIRE)+ cells and identified as HLA-DRhigh CD45low. RESULTS The relative frequency of different LNSC subsets was altered in both donors with type 1 diabetes and NOD mice, and both MHC class II and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression were upregulated in human type 1 diabetes. Tolerance-related genes showed similar expression profiles between mouse and human LNSCs at steady state but were generally upregulated in the context of human type 1 diabetes, while, at the same time, many such genes were downregulated in the AIRE-enriched dendritic cell population. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Our study shows that LNSCs are substantially altered in type 1 diabetes, but, surprisingly, they exhibit an enhanced tolerogenic phenotype along with increased antigen-presenting potential, which may indicate an attempt to offset dendritic cell-related tolerogenic defects in tolerance. Thus, LNSCs could constitute alternative therapeutic targets in which to deliver antigens to help re-establish tolerance and prevent or treat type 1 diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY All data generated or analysed during this study are included in the published article (and its online supplementary files). Biomark gene expression data were deposited on the Mendeley repository at https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/d9rdzdmvyf/1 . Any other raw datasets are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. No applicable resources were generated or analysed during the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Postigo-Fernandez
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rémi J Creusot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Yasunaga M. Antibody therapeutics and immunoregulation in cancer and autoimmune disease. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:1-12. [PMID: 31181267 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and autoimmune disease are closely related, and many therapeutic antibodies are widely used in clinics for the treatment of both diseases. Among them, the anti-CD20 antibody has proven to be effective against both lymphoid malignancy and autoimmune disease. Moreover, immune checkpoint blockade using the anti-PD1/PD-L1/CTLA4 antibody has improved the prognosis of patients with refractory solid tumors. At the same time, however, over-enhancement of immunoreaction can induce autoimmune reaction. Although anti-TNF antibody therapies represent a breakthrough in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, optimal management is required to control the serious associated issues, including development and progression of cancer, and it is becoming more and more important to control the immunoreaction. In addition, next-generation antibody therapeutics such as antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies, are anticipated to treat uncontrolled cancer and autoimmune disease. IL-7R signaling plays an important role in the development and progression of both lymphoid malignancy and autoimmune disease. In addition, abnormal homing activity and steroid resistance caused by IL-7R signaling may worsen prognosis. Therefore, anti-IL-7R targeting antibody therapies that enable suppression of such pathophysiological status have the potential to be beneficial for the treatment of both diseases. In this review, we discuss current antibody therapeutics in cancer and autoimmune disease, and describe a new therapeutic strategy for immunoregulation including IL-7R targeting antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, EPOC, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
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25
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Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells Influence Function and Phenotype of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells after Mixed Neutron/Gamma Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071795. [PMID: 30978983 PMCID: PMC6480930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a crucial role in the maintenance and regeneration of hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor cells (HSPC). In particular, the vascular niche is responsible for regulating HSC maintenance, differentiation, and migration of cells in and out of the BM. Damage to this niche upon exposure to ionizing radiation, whether accidental or as a result of therapy, can contribute to delays in HSC recovery and/or function. The ability of BM derived-endothelial cells (BMEC) to alter and/or protect HSPC after exposure to ionizing radiation was investigated. Our data show that exposure of BMEC to ionizing radiation resulted in alterations in Akt signaling, increased expression of PARP-1, IL6, and MCP-1, and decreased expression of MMP1 and MMP9. In addition, global analysis of gene expression of HSC and BMEC in response to mixed neutron/gamma field (MF) radiation identified 60 genes whose expression was altered after radiation in both cell types, suggesting that a subset of genes is commonly affected by this type of radiation. Focused gene analysis by RT-PCR revealed two categories of BMEC alterations: (a) a subset of genes whose expression was altered in response to radiation, with no additional effect observed during coculture with HSPC, and (b) a subset of genes upregulated in response to radiation, and altered when cocultured with HSPC. Coculture of BMEC with CD34+ HSPC induced HSPC proliferation, and improved BM function after MF radiation. Nonirradiated HSPC exhibited reduced CD34 expression over time, but when irradiated, they maintained higher CD34 expression. Nonirradiated HSPC cocultured with nonirradiated BMEC expressed lower levels of CD34 expression compared to nonirradiated alone. These data characterize the role of each cell type in response to MF radiation and demonstrate the interdependence of each cell’s response to ionizing radiation. The identified genes modulated by radiation and coculture provide guidance for future experiments to test hypotheses concerning specific factors mediating the beneficial effects of BMEC on HSPC. This information will prove useful in the search for medical countermeasures to radiation-induced hematopoietic injury.
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26
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Adventitial Stromal Cells Define Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Tissue Niches. Immunity 2019; 50:707-722.e6. [PMID: 30824323 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 lymphocytes promote both physiologic tissue remodeling and allergic pathology, yet their physical tissue niches are poorly described. Here, we used quantitative imaging to define the tissue niches of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), which are critical instigators of type 2 immunity. We identified a dominant adventitial niche around lung bronchi and larger vessels in multiple tissues, where ILC2s localized with subsets of dendritic and regulatory T cells. However, ILC2s were most intimately associated with adventitial stromal cells (ASCs), a mesenchymal fibroblast-like subset that expresses interleukin-33 (IL-33) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). In vitro, ASCs produced TSLP that supported ILC2 accumulation and activation. ILC2s and IL-13 drove reciprocal ASC expansion and IL-33 expression. During helminth infection, ASC depletion impaired lung ILC2 and Th2 cell accumulation and function, which are in part dependent on ASC-derived IL-33. These data indicate that adventitial niches are conserved sites where ASCs regulate type 2 lymphocyte expansion and function.
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27
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Fistonich C, Zehentmeier S, Bednarski JJ, Miao R, Schjerven H, Sleckman BP, Pereira JP. Cell circuits between B cell progenitors and IL-7 + mesenchymal progenitor cells control B cell development. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2586-2599. [PMID: 30158115 PMCID: PMC6170173 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell development is characterized by well-defined transitions. Fistonich et al. demonstrate that two distinct cell circuits formed between proB, preB, and IL-7+ cells regulate the size and quality of B cell progenitors and control B cell development. B cell progenitors require paracrine signals such as interleukin-7 (IL-7) provided by bone marrow stromal cells for proliferation and survival. Yet, how B cells regulate access to these signals in vivo remains unclear. Here we show that proB and IL-7+ cells form a cell circuit wired by IL-7R signaling, which controls CXCR4 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression and restricts proB cell movement due to increased adhesion to IL-7+CXCL12Hi cells. PreBCR signaling breaks this circuit by switching the preB cell behavior into a fast-moving and lower-adhesion state via increased CXCR4 and reduced FAK/α4β1 expression. This behavioral change reduces preB cell exposure to IL-7, thereby attenuating IL-7R signaling in vivo. Remarkably, IL-7 production is downregulated by signals provided by preB cells with unrepaired double-stranded DNA breaks and by preB acute lymphoblastic leukemic cells. Combined, these studies revealed that distinct cell circuits control the quality and homeostasis of B cell progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Fistonich
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Sandra Zehentmeier
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Jeffrey J Bednarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Runfeng Miao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Hilde Schjerven
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Barry P Sleckman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - João P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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28
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Akilimali NA, Chang CC, Muema DM, Reddy T, Moosa MYS, Lewin SR, French MA, Ndung'u T. Plasma But Not Cerebrospinal Fluid Interleukin 7 and Interleukin 5 Levels Pre-Antiretroviral Therapy Commencement Predict Cryptococcosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 65:1551-1559. [PMID: 29048509 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) frequently experience clinical deterioration, known as cryptococcosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (C-IRIS), upon initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The immunological mechanisms underlying C-IRIS are incompletely defined and no reliable predictive biomarkers exist. We investigated whether plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of cytokines and chemokines predicted C-IRIS and are potential predictive biomarkers. Methods Patients with CM who experienced C-IRIS (N = 27) upon ART initiation were compared to CD4+ T-cell count-matched patients without C-IRIS (N = 27). Plasma and CSF collected pre-ART were assayed for cytokines and chemokines using a 17-plex Luminex kit or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cox proportional hazards regression and principal component analyses were also performed. Results Plasma interleukin (IL) 2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-17, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were higher in C-IRIS patients compared to controls (all P < .05), with IL-5 and IL-7 significant after Bonferroni-Holm correction. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, high IL-5 (hazard ratio [HR], 5.76 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .77-43.0]; P = .088) and IL-7 (HR, 9.30 [95% CI, 1.96-44.0]; P = .005) were predictive of C-IRIS. Plasma IL-5 (P = .0008) and IL-10 (P = .0089) were lower in those who achieved CSF cryptococcal culture negativity compared to those with positive cultures pre-ART. There were no significant differences in CSF cytokine or chemokine levels between cases and controls. Conclusions High plasma IL-5 and IL-7 levels pre-ART were associated with increased risk of developing C-IRIS. High IL-5 levels may reflect a Th2 environment associated with impaired clearance of cryptococci while high IL-7 levels may reflect IL-7/IL-7R pathway dysfunction in T cells, both of which could be associated with C-IRIS immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngomu Akeem Akilimali
- Africa Health Research Institute.,HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa
| | - Christina C Chang
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel M Muema
- Africa Health Research Institute.,HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa.,Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi
| | | | - Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Infectious Diseases, UKZN, King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, and Royal Melbourne Hospital
| | - Martyn A French
- Medical School and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Perth Hospital and PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Australia
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Africa Health Research Institute.,HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa.,Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge
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29
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Xu H, Bendersky VA, Brennan TV, Espinosa JR, Kirk AD. IL-7 receptor heterogeneity as a mechanism for repertoire change during postdepletional homeostatic proliferation and its relation to costimulation blockade-resistant rejection. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:720-730. [PMID: 29136317 PMCID: PMC6035390 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Kidney transplant patients treated with belatacept without depletional induction experience higher rates of acute rejection compared to patients treated with conventional immunosuppression. Costimulation blockade-resistant rejection (CoBRR) is associated with terminally differentiated T cells. Alemtuzumab induction and belatacept/sirolimus immunotherapy effectively prevent CoBRR. We hypothesized that cells in late phases of differentiation would be selectively less capable than more naive phenotypes of repopulating postdepletion, providing a potential mechanism by which lymphocyte depletion and repopulation could reduce the risk of CoBRR. Lymphocytes from 20 recipients undergoing alemtuzumab-induced depletion and belatacept/sirolimus immunosuppression were studied longitudinally for markers of maturation (CCR7, CD45RA, CD57, PD1), recent thymic emigration (CD31), and the IL-7 receptor-α (IL-7Rα). Serum was analyzed for IL-7. Alemtuzumab induction produced profound lymphopenia followed by repopulation, during which naive IL-7Rα+ CD57- PD1- cells progressively became the predominant subset. This did not occur in a comparator group of 10 patients treated with conventional immunosuppression. Serum from depleted patients showed markedly elevated IL-7 levels posttransplantation. Sorted CD57- PD1- cells demonstrated robust proliferation in response to IL-7, whereas more differentiated cells proliferated poorly. These data suggest that differences in IL-7-dependent proliferation is one exploitable mechanism that distinguishes CoB-sensitive and CoB-resistant T cell populations to reduce the risk of CoBRR. (ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT00565773.).
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xu
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Todd V Brennan
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jaclyn R Espinosa
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allan D Kirk
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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30
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Ortiz Franyuti D, Mitsi M, Vogel V. Mechanical Stretching of Fibronectin Fibers Upregulates Binding of Interleukin-7. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:15-25. [PMID: 28845674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since evidence is rising that extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers might serve as reservoirs for growth factors and cytokines, we investigated the interaction between fibronectin (FN) and interleukin-7 (IL-7), a cytokine of immunological significance and a target of several immunotherapies. By employing a FN fiber stretch assay and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) confocal microscopy, we found that stretching of FN fibers increased IL-7 binding. We localized the FN binding site on the CD loop of IL-7, since a synthetic CD loop peptide also bound stronger to stretched than to relaxed FN fibers. On the basis of a structural model, we propose that the CD loop can bind to FN, while IL-7 is bound to its cognate cell surface receptors. Sequence alignment with bacterial adhesins, which also bind the FN N-terminus, suggests that a conserved motif on the CD loop (110TKSLEEN116 and the truncated 112SLEE115 in human and mouse IL-7, respectively) might bind to the second FN type I module (FnI2) and that additional epitopes enhance the stretch-upregulated binding. FN fiber stretching might thus serve as a mechano-regulated mechanism to locally concentrate IL-7 in an ECM-bound state, thereby upregulating the potency of IL-7 signaling. A feedback model mechanism is proposed that could explain the well-known, but poorly understood, function of IL-7 in ECM homeostasis. Understanding how local IL-7 availability and signaling might be modulated by the tensional state of the ECM niche, which is adjusted by residing stroma cells, is highly relevant for basic science but also for advancing IL-7 based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ortiz Franyuti
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department for Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI F443 CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Mitsi
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department for Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI F443 CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department for Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI F443 CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Leukocyte-Stromal Interactions Within Lymph Nodes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1060:1-22. [PMID: 30155619 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78127-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes play a crucial role in the formation and initiation of immune responses, allowing lymphocytes to efficiently scan for foreign antigens and serving as rendezvous points for leukocyte-antigen interactions. Here we describe the major stromal subsets found in lymph nodes, including fibroblastic reticular cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, blood endothelial cells, marginal reticular cells, follicular dendritic cells and other poorly defined subsets such as integrin alpha-7+ pericytes. We focus on biomedically relevant interactions with T cells, B cells and dendritic cells, describing pro-survival mechanisms of support for these cells, promotion of their migration and tolerance-inducing mechanisms that help keep the body free of autoimmune-mediated damage.
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Immunoregulation by IL-7R-targeting antibody-drug conjugates: overcoming steroid-resistance in cancer and autoimmune disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10735. [PMID: 28878234 PMCID: PMC5587554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid-resistance is a common complication in the treatment of malignancies and autoimmune diseases. IL-7/IL-7R signaling, which regulates lymphocyte growth and survival, has been implicated in the development of malignancies and autoimmune diseases. However, the biological significance of IL-7/IL-7R signaling in steroid treatment is poorly understood. Here, we identified a novel relationship between IL-7R signaling and steroid-resistance, and showed that an anti-IL-7R antibody conjugated with SN-38 (A7R-ADC-SN-38) has strong anti-tumor effects against both parental and steroid-resistant malignant cells. Furthermore, inflammation in the mouse autoimmune arthritis model was suppressed to greater extent by A7R-ADC conjugated to MMAE than by A7R-ADC-SN-38. Given that an increased proportion of IL-7R-positive cells is a common mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, we found that specific depletion of this cell population abrogated the progression of disease. This suggests that the cytotoxicity and immunosuppressive capacity of A7R-ADC could be modulated to treat specific malignancies or autoimmune diseases through the introduction of different payloads, and represents a novel alternative to steroid therapy.
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Interleukin-7 Availability Is Maintained by a Hematopoietic Cytokine Sink Comprising Innate Lymphoid Cells and T Cells. Immunity 2017; 47:171-182.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ponte R, Rancez M, Figueiredo-Morgado S, Dutrieux J, Fabre-Mersseman V, Charmeteau-de-Muylder B, Guilbert T, Routy JP, Cheynier R, Couëdel-Courteille A. Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Triggers Early and Transient Interleukin-7 Production in the Gut, Leading to Enhanced Local Chemokine Expression and Intestinal Immune Cell Homing. Front Immunol 2017; 8:588. [PMID: 28579989 PMCID: PMC5437214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier, one of the first targets of HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is subjected to major physiological changes during acute infection. Having previously shown that pharmaceutical injection of interleukin-7 (IL-7) triggers chemokine expression in many organs leading to massive T-cell homing, in particular to the intestine, we here explored mucosal IL-7 expression as part of the cytokine storm occurring during the acute phase of SIV infection in rhesus macaques. Quantifying both mRNA and protein in tissues, we demonstrated a transient increase of IL-7 expression in the small intestine of SIV-infected rhesus macaques, starting with local detection of the virus by day 3 of infection. We also observed increased transcription levels of several chemokines in the small intestine. In infected macaques, ileal IL-7 expression correlated with the transcription of four of these chemokines. Among these chemokines, the macrophage and/or T-cell attractant chemokines CCL4, CCL25, and CCL28 also demonstrated increased transcription in uninfected IL-7-treated monkeys. Through immunohistofluorescence staining and image analysis, we observed increased CD8+ T-cell numbers and stable CD4+ T-cell counts in the infected lamina propria (LP) during hyperacute infection. Concomitantly, circulating CCR9+beta7+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells dropped during acute infection, suggesting augmented intestinal homing of gut-imprinted T-cells. Finally, CD4+ macrophages transiently decreased in the submucosa and concentrated in the LP during the first days of infection. Overall, our study identifies IL-7 as a danger signal in the small intestine of Chinese rhesus macaques in response to acute SIV infection. Through stimulation of local chemokine expressions, this overexpression of IL-7 triggers immune cell recruitment to the gut. These findings suggest a role for IL-7 in the initiation of early mucosal immune responses to SIV and HIV infections. However, IL-7 triggered CD4+ T-cells and macrophages localization at viral replication sites could also participate to viral spread and establishment of viral reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Ponte
- Cytokines and Viral Infections, Immunology Infection and Inflammation Department, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Magali Rancez
- Cytokines and Viral Infections, Immunology Infection and Inflammation Department, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Suzanne Figueiredo-Morgado
- Cytokines and Viral Infections, Immunology Infection and Inflammation Department, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Dutrieux
- Cytokines and Viral Infections, Immunology Infection and Inflammation Department, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Fabre-Mersseman
- Cytokines and Viral Infections, Immunology Infection and Inflammation Department, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Charmeteau-de-Muylder
- Cytokines and Viral Infections, Immunology Infection and Inflammation Department, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Guilbert
- Cytokines and Viral Infections, Immunology Infection and Inflammation Department, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Rémi Cheynier
- Cytokines and Viral Infections, Immunology Infection and Inflammation Department, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Couëdel-Courteille
- Cytokines and Viral Infections, Immunology Infection and Inflammation Department, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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Maisel K, Sasso MS, Potin L, Swartz MA. Exploiting lymphatic vessels for immunomodulation: Rationale, opportunities, and challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 114:43-59. [PMID: 28694027 PMCID: PMC6026542 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels are the primary route of communication from peripheral tissues to the immune system; as such, they represent an important component of local immunity. In addition to their transport functions, new immunomodulatory roles for lymphatic vessels and lymphatic endothelial cells have come to light in recent years, demonstrating that lymphatic vessels help shape immune responses in a variety of ways: promoting tolerance to self-antigens, archiving antigen for later presentation, dampening effector immune responses, and resolving inflammation, among others. In addition to these new biological insights, the growing field of immunoengineering has begun to explore therapeutic approaches to utilize or exploit the lymphatic system for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Maisel
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Stella Sasso
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lambert Potin
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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36
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Delgado-Martin C, Meyer LK, Huang BJ, Shimano KA, Zinter MS, Nguyen JV, Smith GA, Taunton J, Winter SS, Roderick JR, Kelliher MA, Horton TM, Wood BL, Teachey DT, Hermiston ML. JAK/STAT pathway inhibition overcomes IL7-induced glucocorticoid resistance in a subset of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Leukemia 2017; 31:2568-2576. [PMID: 28484265 PMCID: PMC5729333 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
While outcomes for children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) have improved dramatically, survival rates for patients with relapsed/refractory disease remain dismal. Prior studies indicate that glucocorticoid (GC) resistance is more common than resistance to other chemotherapies at relapse. In addition, failure to clear peripheral blasts during a prednisone prophase correlates with an elevated risk of relapse in newly diagnosed patients. Here we show that intrinsic GC resistance is present at diagnosis in early thymic precursor (ETP) T-ALLs as well as in a subset of non-ETP T-ALLs. GC-resistant non-ETP T-ALLs are characterized by strong induction of JAK/STAT signaling in response to interleukin-7 (IL7) stimulation. Removing IL7 or inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling sensitizes these T-ALLs, and a subset of ETP T-ALLs, to GCs. The combination of the GC dexamethasone and the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib altered the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors in samples with IL7-dependent GC resistance, but not in samples with IL7-independent GC resistance. Together, these data suggest that the addition of ruxolitinib or other inhibitors of IL7 receptor/JAK/STAT signaling may enhance the efficacy of GCs in a biologically defined subset of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delgado-Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L K Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B J Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K A Shimano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M S Zinter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J V Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - G A Smith
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Taunton
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S S Winter
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - J R Roderick
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - M A Kelliher
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - T M Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B L Wood
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D T Teachey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M L Hermiston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Humbert M, Hugues S, Dubrot J. Shaping of Peripheral T Cell Responses by Lymphatic Endothelial Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 7:684. [PMID: 28127298 PMCID: PMC5226940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) have newly been promoted to the rank of new modulators of T cell responses. The different non-hematopoietic cell subsets in lymph node (LN) were considered for years as a simple scaffold, forming routes and proper environment for antigen (Ag)-lymphocyte encountering. Deeper characterization of those cells has recently clearly shown their impact on both dendritic cell and T cell functions. In particular, lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) control lymphocyte trafficking and homeostasis in LNs and limit adaptive immune responses. Therefore, the new role of LECs in shaping immune responses has drawn the attention of immunologists. Striking is the discovery that LECs, among other LNSCs, ectopically express a large range of peripheral tissue-restricted Ags (PTAs), and further present PTA-derived peptides through major histocompatibility class I molecules to induce self-reactive CD8+ T cell deletional tolerance. In addition, both steady-state and tumor-associated LECs were described to be capable of exogenous Ag cross-presentation. Whether LECs can similarly impact CD4+ T cell responses through major histocompatibility class II restricted Ag presentation is still a matter of debate. Here, we review and discuss our current knowledge on the contribution of Ag-presenting LECs as regulators of peripheral T cell responses in different immunological contexts, including autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Humbert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Juan Dubrot
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School , Geneva , Switzerland
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38
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Cordeiro Gomes A, Hara T, Lim VY, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Nevius E, Sugiyama T, Tani-Ichi S, Schlenner S, Richie E, Rodewald HR, Flavell RA, Nagasawa T, Ikuta K, Pereira JP. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niches Produce Lineage-Instructive Signals to Control Multipotent Progenitor Differentiation. Immunity 2016; 45:1219-1231. [PMID: 27913094 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renew in bone marrow niches formed by mesenchymal progenitors and endothelial cells expressing the chemokine CXCL12, but whether a separate niche instructs multipotent progenitor (MPP) differentiation remains unclear. We show that MPPs resided in HSC niches, where they encountered lineage-instructive differentiation signals. Conditional deletion of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in MPPs reduced differentiation into common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), which decreased lymphopoiesis. CXCR4 was required for CLP positioning near Interleukin-7+ (IL-7) cells and for optimal IL-7 receptor signaling. IL-7+ cells expressed CXCL12 and the cytokine SCF, were mesenchymal progenitors capable of differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes, and comprised a minor subset of sinusoidal endothelial cells. Conditional Il7 deletion in mesenchymal progenitors reduced B-lineage committed CLPs, while conditional Cxcl12 or Scf deletion from IL-7+ cells reduced HSC and MPP numbers. Thus, HSC maintenance and multilineage differentiation are distinct cell lineage decisions that are both controlled by HSC niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cordeiro Gomes
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Takahiro Hara
- Laboratory of Biological Protection, Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Vivian Y Lim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Erin Nevius
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tatsuki Sugiyama
- Department of Immunobiology and Hematology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shizue Tani-Ichi
- Laboratory of Biological Protection, Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Susan Schlenner
- Autoimmune Genetics Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ellen Richie
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park Research Division, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Department of Immunobiology and Hematology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Biological Protection, Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - João Pedro Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature is not considered a formal part of the immune system, but it is critical to immunity. One of its major roles is in the coordination of the trafficking of antigen and immune cells. However, other roles in immunity are emerging. Lymphatic endothelial cells, for example, directly present antigen or express factors that greatly influence the local environment. We cover these topics herein and discuss how other properties of the lymphatic vasculature, such as mechanisms of lymphatic contraction (which immunologists traditionally do not take into account), are nonetheless integral in the immune system. Much is yet unknown, and this nascent subject is ripe for exploration. We argue that to consider the impact of lymphatic biology in any given immunological interaction is a key step toward integrating immunology with organ physiology and ultimately many complex pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Stoyan Ivanov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Bernd H Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612
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40
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Establishment of IL-7 Expression Reporter Human Cell Lines, and Their Feasibility for High-Throughput Screening of IL-7-Upregulating Chemicals. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161899. [PMID: 27589392 PMCID: PMC5010243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a cytokine essential for T cell homeostasis, and is clinically important. However, the regulatory mechanism of IL-7 gene expression is not well known, and a systematic approach to screen chemicals that regulate IL-7 expression has not yet been developed. In this study, we attempted to develop human reporter cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing technology. For this purpose, we designed donor DNA that contains an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene, drug selection cassette, and modified homologous arms which are considered to enhance the translation of the eGFP reporter transcript, and also a highly efficient single-guide RNA with a minimal off-target effect to target the IL-7 start codon region. By applying this system, we established IL-7 eGFP reporter cell lines that could report IL-7 gene transcription based on the eGFP protein signal. Furthermore, we utilized the cells to run a pilot screen campaign for IL-7-upregulating chemicals in a high-throughput format, and identified a chemical that can up-regulate IL-7 gene transcription. Collectively, these results suggest that our IL-7 reporter system can be utilized in large-scale chemical library screening to reveal novel IL-7 regulatory pathways and to identify potential drugs for development of new treatments in immunodeficiency disease.
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Murphy S, Patrick K, Thoner T, Edwards RW, Gubbels Bupp MR. T cell up-regulation of CD127 is associated with reductions in the homeostatic set point of the peripheral T cell pool during malnourishment. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:164-172. [PMID: 28955903 PMCID: PMC5613352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The following study was undertaken to better understand the mechanisms that relate the homeostatic set point of the peripheral T cell population to energy availability in mice. We report that the total number of peripheral naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+T cells notably declined after one week of malnourishment, a time period too short to be entirely due to malnutrition-induced thymic involution. Peripheral malnourished T cells expressed higher levels of the IL-7 receptor component, CD127, and were less sensitive to death-by-neglect as compared to control T cells. Overall levels of IL-7 were similar in malnourished and control mice. Adoptive transfer studies revealed that CD127 expression did not correlate with increased survival in vivo and that all naïve CD8+T cells upregulated CD127, regardless of initial expression levels. Corticosterone levels were elevated in malnourished mice and this correlated in time with peripheral T cell up-regulation of CD127 and the diminishment of the peripheral T cell pool. Overall, these data suggest a model in which CD127 levels are up-regulated quickly during malnourishment, thereby increasing the scavenge rate of IL-7, and providing a mechanism to quickly adjust the total number of T cells during malnutrition. Malnourishment results in reduced numbers of peripheral CD8+T cells. The IL-7R alpha subunit, CD127 is up-regulated on CD8+T cells during malnourishment. Malnourished CD8+T cells are less sensitive to death-by-neglect. Levels of IL-7 are unchanged in malnourishment, while glucocorticoids are elevated.
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Thy1+IL-7+ lymphatic endothelial cells in iBALT provide a survival niche for memory T-helper cells in allergic airway inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2842-51. [PMID: 27140620 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512600113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells are central to long-term protection against pathogens, but they can also be pathogenic and drive chronic inflammatory disorders. How these pathogenic memory Th cells are maintained, particularly at sites of local inflammation, remains unclear. We found that ectopic lymphoid-like structures called inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) are formed during chronic allergic inflammation in the lung, and that memory-type pathogenic Th2 (Tpath2) cells capable of driving allergic inflammation are maintained within the iBALT structures. The maintenance of memory Th2 cells within iBALT is supported by Thy1(+)IL-7-producing lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). The Thy1(+)IL-7-producing LECs express IL-33 and T-cell-attracting chemokines CCL21 and CCL19. Moreover, ectopic lymphoid structures consisting of memory CD4(+) T cells and IL-7(+)IL-33(+) LECs were found in nasal polyps of patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Thus, Thy1(+)IL-7-producing LECs control chronic allergic airway inflammation by providing a survival niche for memory-type Tpath2 cells.
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Vojkovics D, Kellermayer Z, Heidt D, Mihalj M, Kajtár B, Ernszt D, Kovács T, Németh P, Balogh P. Isolation and Characterization of a Murine Spontaneous High-Grade Follicular Lymphoma with Restricted In Vivo Spreading--a Model for Lymphatic Metastasis Via the Mesentery. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 22:421-30. [PMID: 26584567 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-0025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous or induced malignant lymphomas in mice are valuable tools for studying human lymphoproliferative diseases, including the mechanism of migration between peripheral lymphoid organs and positioning within distinct tissue compartments. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a novel spontaneous lymphoma from BALB/c mice showing restricted tissue distribution and metastasis. The lymphoma cells display CD19, B220, MHC II, surface IgG2a/kappa chain with VH7183 rearrangement of the IgH gene, indicating their B-cell origin. Serial intraperitoneal injection of primary tumor into both BALB/c and RAG-1-deficient hosts led to the successful propagation of lymphoma. Despite the cytological characteristics of high-grade follicular B-cell lymphoma, the tumor cells (denoted as Bc-DLFL.1) showed significantly lesser spreading to extraabdominal locations upon intraperitoneal passage compared to splenic and mesenteric lymph node expansion. In mesenteric lymph nodes the high endothelial venules contained only few tumor cells, while the lymphatic vessels were almost completely filled with lymphoma cells. Similarly, the LYVE-1-positive lymphatic capillaries within the mesentery were packed with lymphoma cells. These findings suggest that Bc-DLFL.1 cells likely propagate primarily via the lymphatic circulation within the mesentery, therefore this tumor may offer an in vivo model to investigate the tumor cell migration via the lymphatic circulation from the peritoneal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Vojkovics
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.,Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kellermayer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.,Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Diána Heidt
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.,Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Béla Kajtár
- Department of Pathology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dávid Ernszt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kovács
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Balogh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary. .,Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
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Hirosue S, Dubrot J. Modes of Antigen Presentation by Lymph Node Stromal Cells and Their Immunological Implications. Front Immunol 2015; 6:446. [PMID: 26441957 PMCID: PMC4561840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation is no longer the exclusive domain of cells of hematopoietic origin. Recent works have demonstrated that lymph node stromal cell (LNSC) populations, such as fibroblastic reticular cells, lymphatic and blood endothelial cells, not only provide a scaffold for lymphocyte interactions but also exhibit active immunomodulatory roles that are critical to mounting and resolving effective immune responses. Importantly, LNSCs possess the ability to present antigens and establish antigen-specific interactions with T cells. One example is the expression of peripheral tissue antigens, which are presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I molecules with tolerogenic consequences on T cells. Additionally, exogenous antigens, including self and tumor antigens, can be processed and presented on MHC-I complexes, which result in dysfunctional activation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. While MHC-I is widely expressed on cells of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origins, antigen presentation via MHC-II is more precisely regulated. Nevertheless, LNSCs are capable of endogenously expressing, or alternatively, acquiring MHC-II molecules. Transfer of antigen between LNSC and dendritic cells in both directions has been recently suggested to promote tolerogenic roles of LNSCs on the CD4+ T cell compartment. Thus, antigen presentation by LNSCs is thought to be a mechanism that promotes the maintenance of peripheral tolerance as well as generates a pool of diverse antigen-experienced T cells for protective immunity. This review aims to integrate the current and emerging literature to highlight the importance of LNSCs in immune responses, and emphasize their role in antigen trafficking, retention, and presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Juan Dubrot
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Université de Genève , Geneva , Switzerland
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Murphy SF, Schaeffer AJ, Done J, Wong L, Bell-Cohn A, Roman K, Cashy J, Ohlhausen M, Thumbikat P. IL17 Mediates Pelvic Pain in Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis (EAP). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125623. [PMID: 25933188 PMCID: PMC4416802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is the most common form of prostatitis, accounting for 90-95% of all diagnoses. It is a complex multi-symptom syndrome with unknown etiology and limited effective treatments. Previous investigations highlight roles for inflammatory mediators in disease progression by correlating levels of cytokines and chemokines with patient reported symptom scores. It is hypothesized that alteration of adaptive immune mechanisms results in autoimmunity and subsequent development of pain. Mouse models of CPPS have been developed to delineate these immune mechanisms driving pain in humans. Using the experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) in C57BL/6 mice model of CPPS we examined the role of CD4+T-cell subsets in the development and maintenance of prostate pain, by tactile allodynia behavioral testing and flow cytometry. In tandem with increased CD4+IL17A+ T-cells upon EAP induction, prophylactic treatment with an anti-IL17 antibody one-day prior to EAP induction prevented the onset of pelvic pain. Therapeutic blockade of IL17 did not reverse pain symptoms indicating that IL17 is essential for development but not maintenance of chronic pain in EAP. Furthermore we identified a cytokine, IL7, to be associated with increased symptom severity in CPPS patients and is increased in patient prostatic secretions and the prostates of EAP mice. IL7 is fundamental to development of IL17 producing cells and plays a role in maturation of auto-reactive T-cells, it is also associated with autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes. More recently a growing body of research has pointed to IL17's role in development of neuropathic and chronic pain. This report presents novel data on the role of CD4+IL17+ T-cells in development and maintenance of pain in EAP and CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anthony J. Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joseph Done
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Larry Wong
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ashlee Bell-Cohn
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenny Roman
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - John Cashy
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michelle Ohlhausen
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Praveen Thumbikat
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Biomarkers of CD4+ T-cell activation as risk factors for tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. AIDS 2014; 28:1593-602. [PMID: 24865974 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients coinfected with HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis frequently experience a paradoxical worsening of tuberculosis (TB) symptoms early after the initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). This immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) can lead to significant morbidity and needs to be distinguished from TB recurrence due to ineffective treatment. We investigated whether plasma biomarkers could predict the occurrence of TB-IRIS. DESIGN ANRS 129 BKVIR is a single-arm multicentre trial that enrolled 69 cART-naïve HIV-1-infected patients treated for TB. The patients received once-daily tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz first-line regimen. TB-IRIS cases (IRIS+) were validated by an Event Review Committee. METHODS A panel of 26 plasma biomarkers was monitored longitudinally for 24 weeks from cART initiation onward, using multiplexed assays and high-sensitivity ELISA. Statistical analyses of biomarkers were adjusted for test multiplicity. RESULTS One-third of patients (n=23) experienced TB-IRIS. The inflammatory cytokines and chemokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon-gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) showed increased plasma levels at week 4 in IRIS-positive (IRIS+) patients (P<0.05 for each biomarker). The soluble IL-2 receptor sCD25, which is released upon CD4 T-cell activation, was significantly increased at week 0 in IRIS+ patients (P<0.05), and remained elevated throughout follow-up. IL-7, a key homeostatic cytokine for CD4 T-cells, showed a trend for higher values in the TB-IRIS group. Both sCD25 and IL-7 baseline levels were independently associated with a shorter time to TB-IRIS occurrence (P=0.005 and P=0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION These findings support a role for CD4 T-cell activation prior to massive inflammation in the development of TB-IRIS.
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Card CM, Yu SS, Swartz MA. Emerging roles of lymphatic endothelium in regulating adaptive immunity. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:943-52. [PMID: 24590280 DOI: 10.1172/jci73316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging research on the roles of stromal cells in modulating adaptive immune responses has included a new focus on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). LECs are presumably the first cells that come into direct contact with peripheral antigens, cytokines, danger signals, and immune cells travelling from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes. LECs can modulate dendritic cell function, present antigens to T cells on MHC class I and MHC class II molecules, and express immunomodulatory cytokines and receptors, which suggests that their roles in adaptive immunity are far more extensive than previously realized. This Review summarizes the emergent evidence that LECs are important in maintaining peripheral tolerance, limiting and resolving effector T cell responses, and modulating leukocyte function.
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Sheu TT, Chiang BL, Yen JH, Lin WC. Premature CD4+ T cell aging and its contribution to lymphopenia-induced proliferation of memory cells in autoimmune-prone non-obese diabetic mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89379. [PMID: 24586733 PMCID: PMC3935863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP), a mechanism to maintain a constant number of T cells in circulation, occurs in both normal aging and autoimmune disease. The incidence of most autoimmune diseases increases with age, and premature CD4(+) T cell aging has been reported in several autoimmune diseases. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that premature CD4(+) T cell aging can cause autoimmune disease by examining whether premature CD4(+) T cell aging exists and causes LIP in our mouse model. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were used because, in addition to Treg defects, the LIP of T cells has been shown to plays a causative role in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in these mice. We found that with advancing age, NOD mice exhibited an accelerated decrease in the number of CD4(+) T cells due to the loss of naïve cells. This was accompanied by an increase in the percentage of memory cells, leading to a reduced naïve/memory ratio. In addition, both the percentage of CD28(+) cells in CD4(+) T cells and IL-2 production decreased, while the percentage of FAS(+)CD44(+) increased, suggesting that NOD mice exhibit premature CD4(+) T cell aging. This process preferentially contributed to LIP of memory cells. Therefore, our results suggest that premature CD4(+) T cell aging underlies the development of IDDM in NOD mice. Given that CD28 and IL-2 play important roles in Treg function, the relationships between premature CD4(+) T cell aging and lymphopenia as well as Treg defects in autoimmune-prone NOD mice are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Sheu
- Department of Immunology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chi Lin
- Institute of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Ellsworth S, Balmanoukian A, Kos F, Nirschl CJ, Nirschl TR, Grossman SA, Luznik L, Drake CG. Sustained CD4 + T cell-driven lymphopenia without a compensatory IL-7/IL-15 response among high-grade glioma patients treated with radiation and temozolomide. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e27357. [PMID: 24790790 PMCID: PMC4004618 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged lymphopenia correlating with decreased survival commonly occurs among glioma patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) treatment. To better understand the pathophysiology of this phenomenon, we prospectively monitored serum cytokine levels and lymphocyte subsets in 15 high-grade glioma patients undergoing combined radiation and TMZ (referred to as RT/TMZ) treatment. Sufficient data for analysis were acquired from 11 of the patients initially enrolled. Lymphocyte phenotyping data were obtained using cytofluorometric analysis and serum cytokine levels were measured using the a multiplex bead-based assays. Total lymphocyte counts (TLCs) were > 1000 cells per μL peripheral blood in 10/11 patients at baseline, but dropped significantly after treatment. Specifically, after RT/TMZ therapy, the TLCs were found to be < 500 cells/μL in 2/11 patients, 500-1000 cells/μL in 7/11 patients, and > 1000 cells/μL in the remaining 2 patients. Among residual mononuclear blood cells, we observed a proportional drop in B and CD4+ T cells but not in CD8+ T lymphocytes. Natural killer cells remained to near-to-baseline levels and there was a transient and slight (insignificant) increase in regulatory T cells (Tregs). The circulating levels of IL-7 and IL-15 remained low despite marked drops in both the total and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts. Thus, patients with malignant glioma undergoing RT/TMZ treatment exhibit a marked decline in TLCs, affecting both CD4+ T cells and B lymphocytes, in the absence of a compensatory increase in interleukin-7 levels. The failure to mount an appropriate homeostatic cytokine response may be responsible for the prolonged lymphopenia frequently observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Ellsworth
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ani Balmanoukian
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - Christopher J Nirschl
- Department of Medical Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Thomas R Nirschl
- Department of Medical Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Stuart A Grossman
- Department of Medical Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Leo Luznik
- Department of Medical Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Charles G Drake
- Department of Medical Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
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50
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Rouhani SJ, Eccles JD, Tewalt EF, Engelhard VH. Regulation of T-cell Tolerance by Lymphatic Endothelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5. [PMID: 25580369 PMCID: PMC4286360 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells are most often thought of as structural cells that form the lymphatic vasculature, which transports fluid out of peripheral tissues and transports antigens and antigen presenting cells to lymph nodes. Recently, it has been shown that lymphatic endothelial cells also dynamically respond to and influence the immune response in several ways. Here, we describe how lymphatic endothelial cells induce peripheral T-cell tolerance and how this relates to tolerance induced by other types of antigen presenting cells. Furthermore, the ability of lymphatic endothelial cells to alter immune responses under steady-state or inflammatory conditions is explored, and the therapeutic potential of bypassing lymphatic endothelial cell-induced tolerance to enhance cancer immunotherapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin J Rouhani
- Carter Immunology Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jacob D Eccles
- Carter Immunology Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Eric F Tewalt
- Carter Immunology Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Victor H Engelhard
- Carter Immunology Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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