1
|
Liu S, Yang X, Li R, Wang S, Han Z, Yang M, Zhang Y. IS6 family insertion sequences promote optrA dissemination between plasmids varying in transfer abilities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:132. [PMID: 38229329 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Plasmids are the primary vectors for intercellular transfer of the oxazolidinone and phenicol cross-resistance gene optrA, while insertion sequences (ISs) are mobile genetic elements that can mobilize plasmid-borne optrA intracellularly. However, little is known about how the IS-mediated intracellular mobility facilitates the dissemination of the optrA gene between plasmid categories that vary in transfer abilities, including non-mobilizable, mobilizable, and conjugative plasmids. Here, we performed a holistic genomic study of 52 optrA-carrying plasmids obtained from searches guided by the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database. Among the 132 ISs identified within 10 kbp from the optrA gene in the plasmids, IS6 family genes were the most prevalent (86/132). Homologous gene arrays containing IS6 family genes were shared between different plasmids, especially between mobilizable and conjugative plasmids. All these indicated the central role of IS6 family genes in disseminating plasmid-borne optrA. Thirty-three of the 52 plasmids were harbored by Enterococcus faecalis found mainly in humans and animals. By Nanopore sequencing and inverse PCR, the potential of the enterococcal optrA to be transmitted from a mobilizable plasmid to a conjugative plasmid mediated by IS6 family genes was further confirmed in Enterococcus faecalis strains recovered from the effluents of anaerobic digestion systems for treating chicken manure. Our findings highlight the increased intercellular transfer abilities and dissemination risk of plasmid-borne optrA gene caused by IS-mediated intracellular mobility, and underscore the importance of routinely monitoring the dynamic genetic contexts of clinically important antibiotic resistance genes to effectively control this critical public health threat. KEY POINTS: • IS6 was prevalent in optrA-plasmids varying in intercellular transfer abilities. • Enterococcal optrA-plasmids were widespread among human, animal, and the environment. • IS6 elevated the dissemination risk of enterococcal optrA-plasmids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ruichao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaolin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ziming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Q, Li L, Zhao G, Cui Q, Gong X, Ying L, Yang T, Fu M, Shen Z. Characterization of a multiresistance optrA- and lsa(E)-harbouring unconventional circularizable structure in Streptococcus suis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:2528-2533. [PMID: 39086116 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify novel genetic elements facilitating the horizontal transfer of the oxazolidinone/phenicol resistance gene optrA and the pleuromutilin-lincosamide-streptogramin A resistance gene lsa(E) in Streptococcus suis. METHODS The complete genomes of S. suis HB18 and two transconjugants were obtained using both the Illumina and Nanopore platforms. MICs were determined by broth microdilution. Inverse PCR was performed to identify circular forms of the novel unconventional circularizable structure (UCS), genomic island (GI) and integrative and conjugative element (ICE). Conjugation experiments assessed the transferability of optrA and lsa(E) genes in S. suis. RESULTS S. suis HB18 carried a multiresistance gene cluster optrA-lsa(E)-lnu(B)-aphA-aadE-spw. This gene cluster, flanked by intact and truncated erm(B) in the same orientation, resided on a novel ICESsuHB18. Inverse PCR revealed the existence of a novel UCS, named UCS-optrA + lsa(E), which could excise the gene cluster optrA-lsa(E)-lnu(B)-aphA-aadE-spw and one copy of erm(B) from ICESsuHB18. Two transconjugants with different characteristics were obtained. In transconjugant T-JH-GI, UCS-optrA + lsa(E) excised from ICESsuHB18 inserted into the erm(B)-positive GI, designated GISsuHB18, generating the novel GISsuHB18-1. Meanwhile, in T-JH-ICE, genetic rearrangement events occurred in ICESsuHB18 and GISsuHB18, forming the novel ICESsuHB18-1. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report demonstrating the functionally active UCS-optrA + lsa(E) excising from ICESsuHB18 and inserting into the erm(B)-positive GISsuHB18 during the conjugation process. The location of optrA and lsa(E) on a multiresistance UCS enhances its persistence and dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Luxin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guanzheng Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingpo Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaowei Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Luyu Ying
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengjiao Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhangqi Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shan X, Li C, Zhang L, Zou C, Yu R, Schwarz S, Shang Y, Li D, Brenciani A, Du XD. poxtA amplification and mutations in 23S rRNA confer enhanced linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecalis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024:dkae342. [PMID: 39331515 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the evolutionary patterns and resistance mechanisms of an Enterococcus faecalis strain harbouring poxtA under linezolid exposure. METHODS A poxtA-carrying E. faecalis electrotransformant DJH702 with a linezolid minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/L was exposed to increasing concentrations of linezolid (8-64 mg/L). The derived strains growing at 8, 16, 32 and 64 mg/L, designed DJH702_8, DJH702_16, DJH702_32 and DJH702_64, were obtained. The amplification and overexpression of poxtA were measured using sequencing and RT-PCR, the fitness cost by competition assays and the stability of the repeat units by serial passage. RESULTS In all derived strains, high-level linezolid resistance develops through poxtA amplification. The relative copy numbers and transcription levels of poxtA were significantly increased. However, in the presence of higher linezolid concentrations, DJH702_32 and DJH702_64 showed reduced poxtA copy numbers and transcription levels compared with DJH702_8 and DJH702_16, but additional mutations in the 23S rRNA (G2505A). IS1216E-mediated formation of translocatable units with subsequent tandem amplification of these translocatable units supported the gain of poxtA segments. However, these amplicons were not stable and were lost frequently in the absence of a linezolid selection pressure. The amplification of the poxtA region did not result in a fitness cost, but mutations in 23S rRNA did. CONCLUSIONS poxtA-carrying E. faecalis electrotransformants used two distinct mechanisms to resist linezolid selection pressure: at lower concentrations, strains prioritized increasing poxtA expression levels, while at higher concentrations, a combination of increased poxtA expression and mutations in 23S rRNA was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Shan
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Likuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chenhui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Runhao Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre of Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yanhong Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dexi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Xiang-Dang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lépine N, Bras-Cachinho J, Couratin E, Lemaire C, Chaufour L, Junchat A, Lartigue MF. Investigation of a linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis outbreak in a French hospital: phenotypic, genotypic, and clinical characterization. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1455945. [PMID: 39323891 PMCID: PMC11422107 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1455945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to retrospectively investigate an outbreak of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (LRSE), at Tours University Hospital between 2017 and 2021. Methods Twenty of the 34 LRSE isolates were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method and MICs of last-resort antibiotics were determined using broth microdilution or Etest®. Seventeen of the 20 resistant strains were sent to the French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci to determine the mechanism of resistance to linezolid. The clonal relationship between LRSE strains was assessed by PFGE and the sequence type determined by MLST. We retrospectively evaluated a new typing tool, IR-Biotyper®, and compared its results to PFGE to evaluate its relevance for S. epidermidis typing. Medical records were reviewed, and antibiotic consumption was determined. Search for a cross transmission was performed. Results All LRSE strains showed high levels of resistance to linezolid (MICs ≥ 256 mg/L) and were multi-drug resistant. Linezolid resistance was associated with the 23S rRNA G2576T mutation and none of the 17 strains analyzed carried the cfr gene. Ninety-five percent of the 20 LRSE studied strains were genetically related and belonged to sequence-type ST2. The dendrogram obtained from IR-Biotyper® showed 87% congruence with the PFGE analysis. Prior to isolation of the LRSE strain, 70% of patients received linezolid. No patients stayed successively in the same room. Conclusion Linezolid exposure may promote the survival and spread of LRSE strains. At Tours University Hospital, acquisition of the resistant clone may also have been triggered by hand-to-hand transmission by healthcare workers. In addition, IR-Biotyper® is a promising typing tool for the study of clonal outbreaks due to its low cost and short turnaround time, although further studies are needed to assess the optimal analytical parameters for routine use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Lépine
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
- ISP, UMR1282, Université de Tours, INRAe, Tours, France
| | - José Bras-Cachinho
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Eva Couratin
- Equipe Opérationnelle d'Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Coralie Lemaire
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
- ISP, UMR1282, Université de Tours, INRAe, Tours, France
| | - Laura Chaufour
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Armelle Junchat
- Equipe Opérationnelle d'Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Marie-Frédérique Lartigue
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
- ISP, UMR1282, Université de Tours, INRAe, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Fermo P, Diban F, Ancarani E, Yu K, D'Arcangelo S, D'Ercole S, Di Lodovico S, Di Giulio M, Cellini L. New commercial wipes inhibit the dispersion and adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae234. [PMID: 39270663 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
AIM Bacterial biofilms can form on surfaces in hospitals, clinics, farms, and food processing plants, representing a possible source of infections and cross-contamination. This study investigates the effectiveness of new commercial wipes against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms (early attachment and formed biofilms), assessing LH SALVIETTE wipes (Lombarda H S.r.l.) potential for controlling biofilm formation. METHODS AND RESULTS The wipes efficacy was studied against the early attachment phase and formed biofilm of S. aureus ATCC 6538 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 on a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surface, following a modified standard test EN 16615:2015, measuring Log10 reduction and cell viability using live/dead staining. It was also evaluated the wipes anti-adhesive activity over time (3 h, 2 4h), calculating CFU.mL-1 reduction. Data were analyzed using t-student test. The wipes significantly reduced both early phase and formed S. aureus biofilm, preventing dispersion on PVC surfaces. Live/dead imaging showed bacterial cluster disaggregation and killing action. The bacterial adhesive capability decreased after short-time treatment (3 h) with the wipes compared to 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrated decreased bacterial count on PVC surface both for early attachment phase and formed biofilms, also preventing the bacterial biofilm dispersion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Fermo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Firas Diban
- Department of Pharmacy, University of "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Kelvin Yu
- Shanghai Joy Crown Industry Co., Ltd, 200125 Shanghai, China
| | - Sara D'Arcangelo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simonetta D'Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Lodovico
- Department of Pharmacy, University of "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Coccitto SN, Cinthi M, Massacci FR, Albini E, Magistrali CF, Brenciani A, Giovanetti E. Genetic elements harbouring oxazolidinone resistance genes detected in swine enterococci circulate in clinical isolates, Italy. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 38:245-246. [PMID: 39004341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nina Coccitto
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marzia Cinthi
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Albini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Brenciani
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Z, Fu Y, Zheng YL, Jiang N, Jiang H, Wu C, Lv Z, Krüger-Haker H, Feßler AT, Schwarz S, Wang Y. Fate of florfenicol and linezolid resistance genes and their bacterial hosts during two waste treatment models in swine feedlots. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173645. [PMID: 38821272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Florfenicol resistance genes (FRGs) are widely present in livestock farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiencies of FRGs as well as the relationships between FRGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacterial communities during the natural drying (ND) and anaerobic digestion (AD) processes of manure treatment in swine farms by combining bacterial isolation, quantitative PCR and metagenomic approaches. Solid manure showed a higher abundance of FRGs than fresh manure and was the main contamination source of fexA and fexB in ND farms, whilst biogas slurry displayed a lower abundance of FRGs than the wastewater in AD farms. Moreover, fresh manure and wastewater showed a high abundance of optrA, and wastewater was the main contamination source of cfr in both ND and AD farms. Both optrA/fexA-positive enterococci and cfr/fexA-positive staphylococci were mainly isolated along the farms' treatment processes. The cfr-positive staphylococci were highly prevalent in wastewater (57.14 % - 100 %) and may be associated with nasal-derived cfr-positive porcine staphylococci. An increased abundance of Enterococcus, Jeotgalibaca and Vagococcus in the bacterial community structures may account for the high optrA abundance in wastewater and Jeotgalibaca may be another potential host of optrA. Furthermore, the abundance of FRG-related MGEs increased by 22.63 % after the ND process and decreased by 66.96 % in AD farms. A significant correlation was observed between cfr and ISEnfa4, whereas no significance was found between optrA and IS1216E, although IS1216E is the predominant insertion sequence involved in the transfer of optrA. In conclusion, manure and wastewater represented independent pollution sources of FRGs in swine farms. Associated MGEs might play a key role in the transfer and persistence of FRGs. The AD process was more efficient in the removal of FRGs than the ND method, nevertheless a longer storage of slurry may be required for a complete removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China.
| | - Yulin Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Central Laboratory Department, Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Liang Zheng
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Nansong Jiang
- Research Center for Poultry Diseases of Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Congming Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziquan Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Henrike Krüger-Haker
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Center for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Center for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Center for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cinthi M, Coccitto SN, Massacci FR, Albini E, Binucci G, Gobbi M, Tentellini M, D'Avino N, Ranucci A, Papa P, Magistrali CF, Brenciani A, Giovanetti E. Genomic analysis of enterococci carrying optrA, poxtA, and vanA resistance genes from wild boars, Italy. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae193. [PMID: 39076010 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate enterococci carrying linezolid and vancomycin resistance genes from fecal samples recovered from wild boars. METHODS AND RESULTS Florfenicol- and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, isolated on selective agar plates, were screened by PCR for the presence of linezolid and vancomycin resistance genes. Five isolates carried optrA or poxtA linezolid resistance genes; one strain was resistant to vancomycin for the presence of vanA gene. All isolates were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility and subjected to Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) analysis. In Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) V1344 and V1676, the optrA was located on the new pV1344-optrA and pV1676-optrA plasmids, respectively, whereas in Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) V1339 this gene was on a 22 354-bp chromosomal genetic context identical to the one detected in a human E. faecium isolate. In both E. faecium V1682 and E. durans V1343, poxtA was on the p1818-c plasmid previously found in a human E. faecium isolate. In E. faecium V1328, the vanA gene was on the Tn1546 transposon in turn located on a new pV1328-vanA plasmid. Only E. faecium V1682 successfully transferred the poxtA gene to an enterococcal recipient in filter mating assays. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of genetic elements carrying linezolid and vancomycin resistance genes in enterococci from wild boars is a matter of concern, moreover, the sharing of plasmids and transposons between isolates from wild animals, human, and environment indicates an exchange of genetic material between these settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Cinthi
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Nina Coccitto
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Massacci
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche (IZSUM) "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche (IZSUM) "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Binucci
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche (IZSUM) "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche (IZSUM) "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Tentellini
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche (IZSUM) "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta D'Avino
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche (IZSUM) "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alice Ranucci
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche (IZSUM) "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Papa
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche (IZSUM) "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Francesca Magistrali
- Department of Sede Territoriale Lodi-Milano, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Latorre-Fernández J, Hallstrøm S, Rasmussen A, Stegger M, Torres C. Genomic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus from the Nostrils of Healthy Hosts Identifies Zoonotic Transmission. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:225. [PMID: 38877167 PMCID: PMC11178607 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Linezolid resistance in Enterococcus spp. is increasingly considered critically important and a public health threat which mandates the need to understand their genomic contents and dissemination patterns. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing to characterize the resistome, virulome and mobile genetic elements of nine linezolid-resistant (LZDR) enterococci (seven optrA-E. faecalis, one poxtA-E. faecium and one optrA-E. casseliflavus) previously obtained from the nares of healthy dogs, pigs, pig farmers and tracheal samples of nestling storks in Spain. Also, the relatedness of the isolates with publicly available genomes was accessed by core-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. The optrA gene of the E. faecalis and E. casseliflavus isolates was located downstream of the fexA gene. The optrA gene in the E. casseliflavus isolate was carried in a plasmid (pURX4962), while those in the seven E. faecalis isolates were chromosomally located. The OptrA proteins were mostly variants of wild type (DP-2: Y176D/T481P; RDK: I104R/Y176D/E256K; DD-3: Y176D/G393D; and EDD: K3E/Y176D/G393D), except two that were wild type (one E. faecalis and one E. casseliflavus). The poxtA gene in the E. faecium isolate was found alone within its contig. The cfrD was upstream of ermB gene in the E. casseliflavus isolate and flanked by ISNCY and IS1216. All the LZDR enterococci carried plasmid rep genes (2-3) containing tetracycline, chloramphenicol and aminoglycoside resistance genes. All isolates except E. casseliflavus carried at least one intact prophage, of which E. faecalis-ST330 (X4957) from a pig carried the highest (n = 5). Tn6260 was associated with lnuG in E. faecalis-ST330 while Tn554 was with fexA in E. feaecalis-ST59 isolates. All except E. casseliflavus (n = 0) carried at least two metal resistance genes (MRGs), of which poxtA-carrying E. faecium-ST1739 isolate contained the most (arsA, copA, fief, ziaA, znuA, zosA, zupT, and zur). SNP-based analyses identified closely related optrA-E. faecalis isolates from a pig and a pig farmer on the same farm (SNP = 4). Moreover, optrA- carrying E. faecalis-ST32, -ST59, and -ST474 isolates from pigs were related to those previously described from humans (sick and healthy) and cattle in Spain, Belgium, and Switzerland (SNP range 43-86). These findings strongly suggest the transmission of LZDR-E. faecalis between a pig and a pig farmer and potential inter-country dissemination. These highlight the need to strengthen molecular surveillance of LZDR enterococci in all ecological niches and body parts to direct appropriate control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 05 , Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Javier Latorre-Fernández
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Søren Hallstrøm
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang Y, Xie S, He F, Xu Y, Wang Z, Ihsan A, Wang X. Recent development and fighting strategies for lincosamide antibiotic resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0016123. [PMID: 38634634 PMCID: PMC11237733 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00161-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYLincosamides constitute an important class of antibiotics used against a wide range of pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, due to the misuse of lincosamide and co-selection pressure, the resistance to lincosamide has become a serious concern. It is urgently needed to carefully understand the phenomenon and mechanism of lincosamide resistance to effectively prevent and control lincosamide resistance. To date, six mobile lincosamide resistance classes, including lnu, cfr, erm, vga, lsa, and sal, have been identified. These lincosamide resistance genes are frequently found on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements, genomic islands, and prophages. Additionally, MGEs harbor the genes that confer resistance not only to antimicrobial agents of other classes but also to metals and biocides. The ultimate purpose of discovering and summarizing bacterial resistance is to prevent, control, and combat resistance effectively. This review highlights four promising strategies, including chemical modification of antibiotics, the development of antimicrobial peptides, the initiation of bacterial self-destruct program, and antimicrobial stewardship, to fight against resistance and safeguard global health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyu Xie
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fangjing He
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yindi Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Licini C, Morroni G, Lucarini G, Vitto VAM, Orlando F, Missiroli S, D'Achille G, Perrone M, Spadoni T, Graciotti L, Bigossi G, Provinciali M, Offidani A, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Cirioni O, Pinton P, Simonetti O, Marchi S. ER-mitochondria association negatively affects wound healing by regulating NLRP3 activation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:407. [PMID: 38862500 PMCID: PMC11167056 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common causative agent of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections (ABSSSI), one of the major challenges to the health system worldwide. Although the use of antibiotics as the first line of intervention for MRSA-infected wounds is recommended, important side effects could occur, including cytotoxicity or immune dysregulation, thus affecting the repair process. Here, we show that the oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid (LZD) impairs wound healing by aberrantly increasing interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) production in keratinocytes. Mechanistically, LZD triggers a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent mitochondrial damage that culminates in increased tethering between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, which in turn activates the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex by promoting its assembly to the mitochondrial surface. Downregulation of ER-mitochondria contact formation is sufficient to inhibit the LZD-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production, restoring wound closure. These results identify the ER-mitochondria association as a key factor for NLRP3 activation and reveal a new mechanism in the regulation of the wound healing process that might be clinically relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Licini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Guendalina Lucarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Veronica Angela Maria Vitto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Orlando
- Experimental Animal Models for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gloria D'Achille
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tatiana Spadoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Graciotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bigossi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Mattioli-Belmonte
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Oriana Simonetti
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leone S, Pezone I, Pisaturo M, McCaffery E, Alfieri A, Fiore M. Pharmacotherapies for multidrug-resistant gram-positive infections: current options and beyond. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:1027-1037. [PMID: 38863433 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2367003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are a serious concern for public health with high morbidity and mortality. Though many antibiotics have been introduced to manage these infections, there are remaining concerns regarding the optimal management of Gram-positive MDROs. AREAS COVERED A literature search on the PubMed/Medline database was conducted. We applied no language and time limits for the search strategy. In this narrative review, we discuss the current options for managing Gram-positive MDROs as well as non-traditional antibacterial agents in development. EXPERT OPINION Despite their introduction more than 70 years ago, glycopeptides are still the cornerstone in treating Gram-positive infections: all registrative studies of new antibiotics have glycopeptides as control; these studies are designed as not inferior studies, therefore it is almost impossible to give recommendations other than the use of glycopeptides in the treatment of Gram-positive infections. The best evidence on treatments different from glycopeptides comes from post-hoc analysis and meta-analysis. Non-traditional antibacterial agents are being studied to aid in short and effective antibiotic therapies. The use of non-traditional antibacterial agents is not restricted to replacing traditional antibacterial agents with alternative therapies; instead, they should be used in combination with antibiotic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Leone
- Division of Infectious Diseases, "San Giuseppe Moscati" Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pezone
- Department of Pediatrics, "San Giuseppe Moscati" Hospital, Aversa CE, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Pisaturo
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Eleni McCaffery
- Department of Emergency Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Aniello Alfieri
- Department of Elective Surgery, Postoperative Intensive Care Unit and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, A.O.R.N. Antonio Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Z, Liu D, Zhang J, Liu L, Zhang Z, Liu C, Hu S, Wu L, He Z, Sun H. Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple mechanisms of linezolid resistance in clinical enterococci in China. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:41. [PMID: 38704577 PMCID: PMC11070108 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections caused by linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) are clinically difficult to treat and threaten patient health. However, there is a lack of studies on long time-span LRE strains in China. For this reason, our study comprehensively revealed the resistance mechanisms of LRE strains collected in a Chinese tertiary care hospital from 2011 to 2022. METHODS Enterococcal strains were screened and verified after retrospective analysis of microbial data. Subsequently, 65 LRE strains (61 Enterococcus faecalis and 4 Enterococcus faecium, MIC ≥ 8 µg/ml), 1 linezolid-intermediate Enterococcus faecium (MIC = 4 µg/ml) and 1 linezolid-susceptible Enterococcus faecium (MIC = 1.5 µg/ml) were submitted for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS The optrA gene was found to be the most common linezolid resistance mechanism in our study. We identified the wild-type OptrA and various OptrA variants in 98.5% of LRE strains (61 Enterococcus faecalis and 3 Enterococcus faecium). We also found one linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain carried both optrA and cfr(D) gene, while one linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium only harbored the poxtA gene. Most optrA genes (55/64) were located on plasmids, with impB-fexA-optrA, impB-fexA-optrA-erm(A), fexA-optrA-erm(A), and fexA-optrA segments. A minority of optrA genes (9/64) were found on chromosomes with the Tn6674-like platform. Besides, other possible linezolid resistance-associated mechanisms (mutations in the rplC and rplD genes) were also found in 26 enterococcal strains. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that multiple mechanisms of linezolid resistance exist among clinical LRE strains in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Danping Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Rd37, xueyuan, Haidian, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beihang University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjia Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Lingli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Rd37, xueyuan, Haidian, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beihang University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Huaxin Hospital, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Songnian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zilong He
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Rd37, xueyuan, Haidian, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beihang University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang Q, Wang X, Schwarz S, Zhu Y, Zhang W. Identification of ISVlu1-derived translocatable units containing optrA and/or fexA genes generated by homologous or illegitimate recombination in Lactococcus garvieae of porcine origin. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110048. [PMID: 38479301 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The optrA gene encodes an ABC-F protein which confers cross-resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols. Insertion sequence ISVlu1, a novel ISL3-family member, was recently reported to be involved in the transmission of optrA in Vagococcus lutrae. However, the role of ISVlu1 in mobilizing resistance genes has not yet fully explored. In this study, two complete and three truncated copies of ISVlu1 were found on plasmid pBN62-optrA from Lactococcus garvieae. Analysis of the genetic context showed that both optrA and the phenicols resistance gene fexA were flanked by the complete or truncated ISVlu1 copies. Moreover, three different-sized ISVlu1-based translocatable units (TUs) carrying optrA and/or fexA, were detected from pBN62-optrA. Sequence analysis revealed that the TU-optrA was generated by homologous recombination while TU-fexA and TU-optrA+fexA were the products of illegitimate recombinations. Importantly, conjugation assays confirmed that pBN62-optrA was able to successfully transfer into the recipient Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2. To our knowledge, this is the first report about an optrA-carrying plasmid in L. garvieae which could horizontally transfer into other species. More importantly, the ISVlu1-flanked genetic structures containing optrA and/or fexA were also observed in bacteria of different species, which underlines that ISVlu1 is highly active and plays a vital role in the transfer of some important resistance genes, such as optrA and fexA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany; Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Yao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brenciani A, Cinthi M, Coccitto SN, Massacci FR, Albini E, Cucco L, Paniccià M, Freitas AR, Schwarz S, Giovanetti E, Magistrali CF. Global spread of the linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis ST476 clonal lineage carrying optrA. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:846-850. [PMID: 38366373 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the global distribution of an optrA-harbouring linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis ST476 clonal lineage. METHODS Comprehensive searches of the NCBI database were performed to identify published peer-reviewed articles and genomes of E. faecalis ST476. Each genome was analysed for resistome, virulome, OptrA variant and optrA genetic contexts. A phylogenetic comparison of ST476 genomes with publicly available genomes of other STs was also performed. RESULTS Sixty-six E. faecalis ST476 isolates from 15 countries (China, Japan, South Korea, Austria, Denmark, Spain, Czech Republic, Colombia, Tunisia, Italy, Malaysia, Belgium, Germany, United Arab Emirates and Switzerland) mainly of human and animal origin were identified. Thirty available ST476 genomes compared with genomes of 591 STs indicated a progressive radiation of E. faecalis STs starting from ST21. The closest ancestral node for ST476 was ST1238. Thirty E. faecalis ST476 genomes exhibited 3-916 SNP differences. Several antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were conserved among the ST476 genomes. The optrA genetic context exhibited a high degree of or complete identity to the chromosomal transposon Tn6674. Only three isolates displayed an optrA-carrying plasmid with complete or partial Tn6674. The WT OptrA protein was most widespread in the ST476 lineage. CONCLUSIONS Linezolid-resistant optrA-carrying E. faecalis of the clonal lineage ST476 is globally distributed in human, animal and environmental settings. The presence of such an emerging clone can be of great concern for public health. Thus, a One Health approach is needed to counteract the spread and the evolution of this enterococcal clonal lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brenciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marzia Cinthi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Nina Coccitto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Massacci
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucilla Cucco
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - Marta Paniccià
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - Ana R Freitas
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- 1H-TOXRUN-One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, MARA, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Francesca Magistrali
- Department of Research and Development, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fukuda A, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y, Usui M. Transferable linezolid resistance genes (optrA and poxtA) in enterococci derived from livestock compost at Japanese farms. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:336-344. [PMID: 38336229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Linezolid is a last-resort antimicrobial in human clinical settings to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. Mobile linezolid resistance genes (optrA, poxtA, and cfr) have been detected in various sources worldwide. However, the presence of linezolid-not-susceptible bacteria and mobile linezolid resistance genes in Japan remains uncertain. Therefore, we clarified the existence of linezolid-not-susceptible bacteria and mobile linezolid resistance genes in farm environments in Japan. METHODS Enterococci isolates from faeces compost collected from 10 pig and 11 cattle farms in Japan in 2021 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and possession of mobile linezolid resistance genes. Whole-genome sequencing of optrA and/or poxtA genes positive-enterococci was performed. RESULTS Of 103 enterococci isolates, 12 from pig farm compost were not-susceptible (2 resistant and 10 intermediate) to linezolid. These 12 isolates carried mobile linezolid resistance genes on plasmids or chromosomes (5 optrA-positive Enterococcus faecalis, 6 poxtA-positive E. hirae or E. thailandicus, and 1 optrA- and poxtA-positive E. faecium). The genetic structures of optrA- and poxA-carrying plasmids were almost identical to those reported in other countries. These plasmids were capable of transferring among E. faecium and E. faecalis strains. The optrA- and poxtA-positive E. faecium belonged to ST324 (clade A2), a high-risk multidrug-resistant clone. The E. faecalis carrying optrA gene on its chromosome was identified as ST593. CONCLUSIONS Although linezolid is not used in livestock, linezolid-not-susceptible enterococci could be indirectly selected by frequently used antimicrobials, such as phenicols. Moreover, various enterococci species derived from livestock compost may serve as reservoirs of linezolid resistance genes carried on globally disseminated plasmids and multidrug-resistant high-risk clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Fukuda
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Research Support, Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Research Support, Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cinthi M, Coccitto SN, Pocognoli A, Zeni G, Mazzariol A, Di Gregorio A, Vignaroli C, Brenciani A, Giovanetti E. Persistence and evolution of linezolid- and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis ST2 and ST5 clones in an Italian hospital. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:358-364. [PMID: 38331029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus epidermidis is a member of the human skin microbiome. However, in recent decades, multidrug-resistant and hospital-adapted S. epidermidis clones are increasingly involved in severe human infections associated with medical devices and in immunocompromised patients. In 2016, we reported that a linezolid- and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis ST2 clone, bearing the G2576T mutation, was endemic in an Italian hospital since 2004. This study aimed to retrospectively analyse 34 linezolid- and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (LR-MRSE) strains collected from 2018 to 2021 from the same hospital. METHODS LR-MRSE were typed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing and screened for transferable linezolid resistance genes. Representative LR-MRSE were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and their resistomes, including the presence of ribosomal mechanisms of linezolid resistance and of rpoB gene mutations conferring rifampin resistance, were investigated. RESULTS ST2 lineage was still prevalent (19/34; 55.9%), but, over time, ST5 clone has been widespread too (15/34; 44.1%). Thirteen of the 34 isolates (38.2%) were positive for the cfr gene. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of relevant LR-MRSE displayed complex resistomes for the presence of several acquired antibiotic resistance genes, including the SCCmec type III (3A) and SCCmec type IV (2B) in ST2 and ST5 isolates, respectively. Bioinformatics and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mapping also showed a plasmid-location of the cfr gene and the occurrence of previously undetected mutations in L3 (ST2 lineage) and L4 (ST3 lineage) ribosomal proteins and substitutions in the rpoB gene. CONCLUSION The occurrence of LR-MRSE should be carefully monitored in order to prevent the spread of this difficult-to-treat pathogen and to preserve the efficacy of linezolid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Cinthi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Nina Coccitto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Pocognoli
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 'Ospedali Riuniti', Ancona, Italy
| | - Guido Zeni
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Verona University, Verona, Italy
| | - Annarita Mazzariol
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Verona University, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Gregorio
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carla Vignaroli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu M, Kang J, Tao J, Yang Y, Li G, Jia W. Clinical Characteristics and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Linezolid-Non-Susceptible Enterococcus in a Tertiary Hospital in Northwest China. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:485-494. [PMID: 38348228 PMCID: PMC10860515 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s442105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To understand the detection rate and distribution characteristics of Linezolid-nonsusceptible Enterococcus (LNSE) and analyze the molecular typing and main drug resistance mechanisms of LNSE, providing a theoretical basis for the precision prevention and control of LNSE hospital infections. Methods A total of 40 LNSE strains isolated from clinical specimens between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2022, were collected. The LNSE isolates identified by instrument detection were confirmed using a microbroth dilution method. The WHONET 5.0 software was used for statistical analysis of LNSE detection rate, and the LNSE judgment was based on the 2022 CLSI criteria. PCR methods were used to detect 23S rRNA, cfr, optrA, and L3, L4 ribosomal RNA sites for linezolid resistance genes, and gene sequencing was used to verify the amplified PCR products. Multiple locus sequence typing (MLST) was performed to analyze the homology of LNSE strains. Results A total of 6924 Enterococcus isolates were separated and identified from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022, of which 40 were LNSE strains (26 Enterococcus faecalis, 14 Enterococcus faecium), with a detection rate of 0.58% (40/6924). Among them, 28 Linezolid-intermediated Enterococcus(LIE) were detected, accounting for 0.4% (28/6924), and 12 Linezolid-resistant Enterococcus(LRE) were detected, with a detection rate of 0.17% (12/6924). Among the LNSE strains, 23 were resistant to genes. The 40 LNSE strains could be divided into 20 different ST types, with ST16 being the main type, accounting for 12.5% (5/40). Conclusion The detection of LNSE strains was dominated by Enterococcus faecalis, and the main resistance mechanism of LRE strains was carrying the optrA gene, with 23S rRNA gene mutations also contributing to resistance. New resistance gene phenotypes (optrA +/23S rRNA+) emerged. Most LRE cases were sporadic, and clonal dissemination was observed in some strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wu
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Kang
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Tao
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Yang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Jia
- Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tebano G, Zaghi I, Baldasso F, Calgarini C, Capozzi R, Salvadori C, Cricca M, Cristini F. Antibiotic Resistance to Molecules Commonly Prescribed for the Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens: What Is Relevant for the Clinician? Pathogens 2024; 13:88. [PMID: 38276161 PMCID: PMC10819222 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive pathogens is a relevant concern, particularly in the hospital setting. Several antibiotics are now available to treat these drug-resistant pathogens, such as daptomycin, dalbavancin, linezolid, tedizolid, ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, and fosfomycin. However, antibiotic resistance can also affect these newer molecules. Overall, this is not a frequent phenomenon, but it is a growing concern in some settings and can compromise the effectiveness of these molecules, leaving few therapeutic options. We reviewed the available evidence about the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance to these antibiotics and the main molecular mechanisms of resistance, particularly methicillin-resistant Sthaphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. We discussed the interpretation of susceptibility tests when minimum inhibitory concentrations are not available. We focused on the risk of the emergence of resistance during treatment, particularly for daptomycin and fosfomycin, and we discussed the strategies that can be implemented to reduce this phenomenon, which can lead to clinical failure despite appropriate antibiotic treatment. The judicious use of antibiotics, epidemiological surveillance, and infection control measures is essential to preserving the efficacy of these drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Tebano
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Irene Zaghi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.C.); (C.S.)
- Unit of Microbiology, The Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, 47522 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Francesco Baldasso
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì and Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì and Cesena, Italy; (F.B.); (R.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Calgarini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.C.); (C.S.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Capozzi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì and Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì and Cesena, Italy; (F.B.); (R.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Salvadori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Monica Cricca
- Unit of Microbiology, The Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, 47522 Cesena, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Cristini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì and Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì and Cesena, Italy; (F.B.); (R.C.); (F.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abdullahi IN, Latorre-Fernández J, Reuben RC, Trabelsi I, González-Azcona C, Arfaoui A, Usman Y, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Beyond the Wild MRSA: Genetic Features and Phylogenomic Review of mecC-Mediated Methicillin Resistance in Non- aureus Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci. Microorganisms 2023; 12:66. [PMID: 38257893 PMCID: PMC10818522 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin resistance, mediated by the mecA gene in staphylococci and mammaliicocci, has caused tremendous setbacks in the use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine due to its high potential of presenting the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Three other mec analogs exist, of which the mecC has evolutionary been associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in wild animals, thus loosely referred to as the wild MRSA. In this study, we present an epidemiological review and genomic analysis of non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci that carry the mecC-mediated methicillin resistance trait and determine whether this trait has any relevant link with the One Health niches. All previous studies (2007 till 2023) that described the mecC gene in non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci were obtained from bibliometric databases, reviewed, and systematically analyzed to obtain the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence determinants, mobilome, and other genetic contents. Moreover, core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis was used to assess the relatedness of these strains. Of the 533 articles analyzed, only 16 studies (on livestock, environmental samples, milk bulk tanks, and wild animals) were eligible for inclusion, of which 17 genomes from 6 studies were used for various in silico genetic analyses. Findings from this systematic review show that all mecC-carrying non-aureus staphylococci were resistant to only beta-lactam antibiotics and associated with the classical SCCmec XI of S. aureusLGA251. Similarly, two studies on wild animals reported mecC-carrying Mammaliicoccus stepanovicii associated with SCCmec XI. Nevertheless, most of the mecC-carrying Mammaliicoccus species presented an MDR phenotype (including linezolid) and carried the SCCmec-mecC hybrid associated with mecA. The phylogenetic analysis of the 17 genomes revealed close relatedness (<20 SNPs) and potential transmission of M. sciuri and M. lentus strains in livestock farms in Algeria, Tunisia, and Brazil. Furthermore, closely related M. sciuri strains from Austria, Brazil, and Tunisia (<40 SNPs) were identified. This systematic review enhances our comprehension of the epidemiology and genetic organization of mecC within the non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci. It could be hypothesized that the mecC-carrying non-aureus staphylococci are evolutionarily related to the wild MRSA-mecC. The potential implications of clonal development of a lineage of mecA/mecC carrying strains across multiple dairy farms in a vast geographical region with the dissemination of MDR phenotype is envisaged. It was observed that most mecC-carrying non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci were reported in mastitis cases. Therefore, veterinarians and veterinary microbiology laboratories must remain vigilant regarding the potential existence of mecA/mecC strains originating from mastitis as a potential niche for this resistance trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (J.L.-F.); (R.C.R.); (C.G.-A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Javier Latorre-Fernández
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (J.L.-F.); (R.C.R.); (C.G.-A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Rine Christopher Reuben
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (J.L.-F.); (R.C.R.); (C.G.-A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Islem Trabelsi
- Bioresources, Environment and Biotechnology Laboratory, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia;
| | - Carmen González-Azcona
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (J.L.-F.); (R.C.R.); (C.G.-A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ameni Arfaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Yahaya Usman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria;
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (J.L.-F.); (R.C.R.); (C.G.-A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (J.L.-F.); (R.C.R.); (C.G.-A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (J.L.-F.); (R.C.R.); (C.G.-A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gagetti P, Faccone D, Ceriana P, Lucero C, Menocal A, Argentina GL, Corso A. Emergence of optrA-mediated linezolid resistance in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis from Argentina. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 35:335-341. [PMID: 37923130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize the first 14 optrA-carrying linezolid resistant E. faecalis clinical isolates recovered in seven Argentinian hospitals between 2016 and 2021. The epidemiology of optrA-carrying isolates and the optrA genetic context were determined. METHODS The isolates were phenotypically and genotypically characterized. Susceptibility to 13 antimicrobial agents was performed; clonal relationship was assessed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Data provided by the whole-genome sequencing were used for identification of sequence types, antimicrobial resistance genes, optrA variants, phylogenetic tree, and mobile genetic elements responsible to the dissemination of these strains. RESULTS All the optrA-carrying E. faecalis isolates were multidrug-resistant and harboured several antimicrobial resistance genes. They carried three optrA variants and belonged to different lineages; however, three of them belonged to the hyperepidemic CC16. Mobile genetic elements were detected in all the isolates. The analysis of the optrA flanking region suggests the plasmidic localization in most of the isolates. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of optrA-mediated linezolid resistance in Argentina. The emergence and dissemination of the optrA genes in clinical E. faecalis isolates are of concern and highlights the importance of initiating the antimicrobial surveillance of Enterococcus spp. under a One Health strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gagetti
- Antimicrobial Agents Division, National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Infectious Diseases - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Faccone
- Antimicrobial Agents Division, National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Infectious Diseases - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Ceriana
- Antimicrobial Agents Division, National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Infectious Diseases - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celeste Lucero
- Antimicrobial Agents Division, National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Infectious Diseases - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Menocal
- Antimicrobial Agents Division, National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Infectious Diseases - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Grupo Lre Argentina
- Antimicrobial Agents Division, National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Infectious Diseases - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Corso
- Antimicrobial Agents Division, National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Infectious Diseases - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu CW, Zhou X, Zhang XL, Zhou Q, Qi HX, Li YX, Liu SC, Zhang AY. Whole genome sequence of Streptococcus pluranimalium SP21-2, a porcine strain harbouring optrA and lsa(E) with chromosomal location. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 35:101-103. [PMID: 37709136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterise the whole genome sequence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pluranimalium strain SP21-2 of swine origin in China. METHODS Illumina Miseq (200X coverage) and Nanopore PromethION platform (100X coverage) were used for genome sequencing. Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST) was used to annotate the genome of SP21-2. The antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were identified using ResFinder-4.1. RESULTS The assembled circular genome of S. pluranimalium SP21-2 was 1,987,058 bp in length with a GC content of 39.54%, and no plasmid sequence was detected. A total of 2086 coding sequences were predicted by RAST. Oxazolidinone-phenicol resistance gene, optrA, and pleuromutilin-lincosamide-streptogramin A resistance gene, lsa(E), are both located on chromosomes, associated with IS1216 and ISS1S, respectively. In addition, SP21-2 harbours lnu(B) (lincosamide), ant (6)-Ia and aac(6')-aph(2") (aminoglycoside), erm(B) (macrolide), and tet(O) (tetracycline). CONCLUSION We firstly report the oxazolidinone-phenicol gene, optrA, and pleuromutilin-lincosamide-streptogramin A resistance gene, lsa(E), in S. pluranimalium. In this strain, we firstly identified ISS1S and IS1216 carrying ARGs in S. pluranimalium, which will provide a valuable reference to understanding potential transfer mechanisms of ARGs in S. pluranimalium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Chongqing Academy of Annimal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia-Lan Zhang
- Central Agricultural Broadcasting and Television School (Banan, Chongqing), Chongqing, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao-Xuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi-Chun Liu
- Guanghan Orthopedic Hospital, Guanghan, Sichuan, China
| | - An-Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wardal E, Żabicka D, Skalski T, Kubiak-Pulkowska J, Hryniewicz W, Sadowy E. Characterization of a Tigecycline-, Linezolid- and Vancomycin-Resistant Clinical Enteroccoccus faecium Isolate, Carrying vanA and vanB Genes. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:2545-2565. [PMID: 37821741 PMCID: PMC10651664 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing incidence of Enterococcus faecium resistant to key antimicrobials used in therapy of hospitalized patients is a worrisome phenomenon observed worldwide. Our aim was to characterize a tigecycline-, linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium isolate with the vanA and vanB genes, originating from a hematoma of a patient hospitalized in an intensive care unit in Poland. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility (a broad panel) was tested using gradient tests with predefined antibiotic concentrations. The complete genome sequence was obtained from a mixed assembly of Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore's MinION reads. The genome was analyzed with appropriate tools available at the Center for Genomic Epidemiology, PubMLST and GenBank. Transferability of oxazolidinone, tigecycline and vancomycin resistance genes was investigated by conjugation, followed by PCR screen of transconjugants for antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmid rep genes characteristic for the donor and genomic sequencing of selected transconjugants. RESULTS The isolate was resistant to most antimicrobials tested; susceptibility to daptomycin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol was significantly reduced, and only oritavancin retained the full activity. The isolate represented sequence type 18 (ST18) and carried vanA, vanB, poxtA, fexB, tet(L), tet(M), aac(6')-aph(2''), ant(6)-Ia and ant(6')-Ii. The vanA, poxtA and tet(M) genes located on ~ 40-kb plasmids were transferable by conjugation yielding transconjugants resistant to vancomycin, linezolid and tigecycline. The substitutions in LiaS, putative histidine kinase, SulP, putative sulfate transporter, RpoB and RpoC were potential determinants of an elevated daptomycin MIC. Comparative analyses of the studied isolate with E. faecium isolates from other countries revealed its similarity to ST18 isolates from Ireland and Uganda from human infections. CONCLUSIONS We provide the detailed characteristics of the genomic determinants of antimicrobial resistance of a clinical E. faecium demonstrating the concomitant presence of both vanA and vanB and resistance to vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline and several other compounds and decreased daptomycin susceptibility. This isolate is a striking example of an accumulation of resistance determinants involving various mechanisms by a single hospital strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wardal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Żabicka
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skalski
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital No 2, ul. Ujejskiego 75, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kubiak-Pulkowska
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital No 2, ul. Ujejskiego 75, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Waleria Hryniewicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sadowy
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Simón C, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Within-Host Diversity of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Resistome from Healthy Pigs and Pig Farmers, with the Detection of cfr-Carrying Strains and MDR- S. borealis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1505. [PMID: 37887206 PMCID: PMC10604674 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ecology and diversity of resistome in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from healthy pigs and pig farmers are rarely available as most studies focused on the livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus. This study aims to characterize the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms, intra-host species diversity (more than one species in a host), and intra-species AMR diversity (same species with more than one AMR profile) in CoNS recovered from the nasal cavities of healthy pigs and pig farmers. One-hundred-and-one CoNS strains previously recovered from 40 pigs and 10 pig farmers from four Spanish pig farms were tested to determine their AMR profiles. Non-repetitive strains were selected (n = 75) and their AMR genes, SCCmec types, and genetic lineages were analyzed by PCR/sequencing. Of the non-repetitive strains, 92% showed a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, and 52% were mecA-positive, which were associated with SCCmec types V (46.2%), IVb (20.5%), and IVc (5.1%). A total of 28% of the pigs and pig farmers had intra-host species diversity, while 26% had intra-species AMR diversity. High repertoires of AMR genes were detected, including unusual ones such as tetO, ermT, erm43, and cfr. Most important was the detection of cfr (in S. saprophyticus and S. epidermidis-ST16) in pigs and pig farmers; whereas MDR-S. borealis strains were identified in pig farmers. Pig-to-pig transmission of CoNS with similar AMR genes and SCCmec types was detected in 42.5% of pigs. The high level of multidrug, within-host, and intra-species resistome diversity in the nasal CoNS highlights their ability to be AMR gene reservoirs in healthy pigs and pig farmers. The detection of MDR-S. borealis and linezolid-resistant strains underscore the need for comprehensive and continuous surveillance of MDR-CoNS at the pig farm level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Carmen Simón
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang Q, Peng K, Liu Z, Li Y, Xiao X, Du XD, Li R, Wang Z. Genomic insights into linezolid-resistant Enterococci revealed its evolutionary diversity and poxtA copy number heterogeneity. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106929. [PMID: 37487950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms of linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) in swine slaughterhouses in China and apply the "One Health" perspective to analyse the evolutionary dynamics of poxtA-positive E. faecium in clinical and non-clinical settings worldwide. METHODS The phenotypic and genomic characteristics of multiple LRE isolates were systematically investigated using antimicrobial susceptibility testing, transfer assays, evolutionary experiments, quantitative RT-PCR assays, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS Swine faeces served as a significant reservoir for LRE isolates, and optrA and poxtA were the primary contributors to linezolid resistance. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed a significant interconnection between optrA and several other ARGs. The poxtA copy number heterogeneity and polymorphism were initially observed in E. faecium parental and evolved isolates. The poxtA-carrying tandem repeat region exhibits high mobility and has undergone extensive duplication owing to linezolid pressure. The poxtA copy number varies from four copies on the plasmid of E. faecium IC25 to 11 copies on the plasmid and six copies on the chromosome in the evolved isolate IC25-50_poxtA. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of 185 poxtA-positive E. faecium strains worldwide found that one isolate from a French patient in 2018 shared only two SNPs with CC17 E. faecium isolates IC25 and IC7-2 from this study, highlighting the potential global transmission of CC17 poxtA-positive E. faecium between humans and animals. CONCLUSION This study identified amplification of poxtA as a response of E. faecium to linezolid pressure. Phylogenetic analysis shed light on the potential global transmission of hospital-associated CC17 poxtA-positive E. faecium in clinical and non-clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojun Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Kai Peng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Dang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ruichao Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Carcione D, Intra J, Andriani L, Campanile F, Gona F, Carletti S, Mancini N, Brigante G, Cattaneo D, Baldelli S, Chisari M, Piccirilli A, Di Bella S, Principe L. New Antimicrobials for Gram-Positive Sustained Infections: A Comprehensive Guide for Clinicians. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1304. [PMID: 37765112 PMCID: PMC10536666 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a public health problem with increasingly alarming data being reported. Gram-positive bacteria are among the protagonists of severe nosocomial and community infections. The objective of this review is to conduct an extensive examination of emerging treatments for Gram-positive infections including ceftobiprole, ceftaroline, dalbavancin, oritavancin, omadacycline, tedizolid, and delafloxacin. From a methodological standpoint, a comprehensive analysis on clinical trials, molecular structure, mechanism of action, microbiological targeting, clinical use, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic features, and potential for therapeutic drug monitoring will be addressed. Each antibiotic paragraph is divided into specialized microbiological, clinical, and pharmacological sections, including detailed and appropriate tables. A better understanding of the latest promising advances in the field of therapeutic options could lead to the development of a better approach in managing antimicrobial therapy for multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, which increasingly needs to be better stratified and targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Carcione
- Laboratory of Medicine and Microbiology, Busto Arsizio Hospital—ASST Valle Olona, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy; (D.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Jari Intra
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy;
| | - Lilia Andriani
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Hospital of Sondrio, 23100 Sondrio, Italy;
| | - Floriana Campanile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Floriana Gona
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Carletti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione Macchi University Hospital, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Gioconda Brigante
- Laboratory of Medicine and Microbiology, Busto Arsizio Hospital—ASST Valle Olona, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy; (D.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Dario Cattaneo
- Department of Infectious Diseases ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sara Baldelli
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Mattia Chisari
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Piccirilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34129 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Luigi Principe
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Brescini L, Fioriti S, Coccitto SN, Cinthi M, Mingoia M, Cirioni O, Giacometti A, Giovanetti E, Morroni G, Brenciani A. Genomic Analysis of a Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus capitis Causing Bacteremia: Report from a University Hospital in Central Italy. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:388-391. [PMID: 37222764 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although coagulase negative staphylococci are rarely associated with complicated diseases, in some cases they cause life-threatening infections. Here we described a clinical case of a bacteremia due to a methicillin- and linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus capitis in a patient previously treated with linezolid. Whole genome sequencing revealed the common mutation G2576T in all rDNA 23S alleles and several acquired resistance genes. Moreover, the isolate was epidemiologically distant from the NRCS-A clade, usually responsible for nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units. Our findings further confirm the ability of minor staphylococci to acquire antibiotic resistances and challenge the treatment of these infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Brescini
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Fioriti
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia N Coccitto
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marzia Cinthi
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marina Mingoia
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacometti
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cinthi M, Coccitto SN, Simoni S, Vignaroli C, Brenciani A, Giovanetti E. An Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Bovine Feces in Italy Shares optrA- and poxtA-Carrying Plasmids with Enterococci from Switzerland. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:438-442. [PMID: 37523292 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the occurrence of oxazolidinone resistance genes, 18 florfenicol-resistant enterococci were isolated from 66 fecal samples collected from several cattle farms in central Italy. The PCR screening indicated that only a bovine florfenicol-resistant isolate, Enterococcus faecium 249031-C, was positive for the presence of optrA and poxtA genes. The strain was tested for its susceptibility to florfenicol, chloramphenicol, linezolid, tedizolid, tetracycline, erythromycin, and vancomycin. Whole Genome Sequencing analysis showed that E. faecium 249031-C, belonging to the ST22 lineage, harbored two plasmids: the optrA-carrying p249031-S (179 kb) and the poxtA-carrying p1818-c (23 kb). p249031-S, containing a new optrA-carrying Tn7695 transposon, was closely related to the plasmid pF88_1 of E. faecium F88, whereas p1818-c had already been detected in a human E. faecium, both enterococci were from Switzerland. The linezolid resistance genes were cotransferred to the E. faecium 64/3 recipient. Circular forms from both optrA- and poxtA-carrying genetic contexts were obtained. The occurrence of oxazolidinone resistance genes in a bovine E. faecium isolate and their localization on conjugative and mobilizable plasmids pose a risk for public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Cinthi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Nina Coccitto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Simoni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carla Vignaroli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu K, Li Z, Fang M, Yuan Y, Fox EM, Liu Y, Li R, Bai L, Zhang W, Zhang WM, Yang Q, Chang L, Li P, Wang X, Wang J, Yang Z. Genome characteristics of the optrA-positive Clostridium perfringens strain QHY-2 carrying a novel plasmid type. mSystems 2023; 8:e0053523. [PMID: 37458450 PMCID: PMC10469678 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00535-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a bacterial species of importance to both public and animal health. The gene optrA is the first gene that confers resistance to the tedizolid, a last-resort antimicrobial agent in human medicine. Herein, we whole-genome sequenced and analyzed one optrA-positive C. perfringens strain QHY-2 from Tibetan sheep in Qinghai province and identified one optrA plasmid pQHY-2. The plasmid shared similar structure with the optrA-positive plasmids p2C45 and p21-D-5b previously identified in C. perfringens, demonstrating the potential horizontal transmission of the optrA plasmids among C. perfringens strains. Annotation of the optrA-positive plasmids showed optrA and erm(A) located on a segment flanked by IS element IS1216E, and fexA, optrA, and erm(A) located on a segment flanked by IS element ISVlu1, which revealed the possible dissemination mechanism. Additionally, a Tn6218-like transposon carrying aac(6')-aph(2″) and erm(B) was also detected on pQHY-2, demonstrating the transposition of Tn6218 and spread of antibiotic resistance among Clostridium bacteria. Molecular analysis indicated the optrA-positive plasmids belonged to a plasmid type distinct from the pCW3-like plasmids, pCP13-like plasmids, or pIP404-like plasmids. Further structure analysis showed they might be formed by inserting segments into plasmid pCPCPI53k-r1_1, which coexist with two pCW3-like plasmids and one pCP13-like plasmid in C. perfringens strain CPI 53k-r1 isolated from a healthy human in Finland. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is now a global concern posing threats to food safety and public health. The pCW3-like plasmids can encode several main toxin genes and three antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including tetA(P), tetB(P), and erm(B), which used to be considered as the main carrier of ARGs in Clostridium perfringens. In this study, we found the optrA plasmids, which belonged to a novel plasmid type, could also harbor many other ARGs, indicating this type of plasmid might be the potential repository of ARGs in C. perfringens. Additionally, this type of plasmid could coexist with the pCW3-like plasmids and pCP13-like plasmids that encoded toxin genes associated with gastrointestinal diseases, which showed the potential threat to public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Junan, China
| | - Mingjin Fang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Edward M. Fox
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruichao Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Bai
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Ningxia Supervision Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Animal Feedstuffs, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Wei-Min Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Ningxia Supervision Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Animal Feedstuffs, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Lingling Chang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Paredes-Amaya CC, Ulloa MT, García-Angulo VA. Fierce poison to others: the phenomenon of bacterial dependence on antibiotics. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:67. [PMID: 37574554 PMCID: PMC10424368 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the development of resistance, the effects of antibiotics on bacteria and microbial communities are complex and far from exhaustively studied. In the context of the current global antimicrobial resistance crisis, understanding the adaptive and physiological responses of bacteria to antimicrobials is of paramount importance along with the development of new therapies. Bacterial dependence on antibiotics is a phenomenon in which antimicrobials instead of eliminating the pathogens actually provide a boost for their growth. This trait comprises an extreme example of the complexities of responses elicited by microorganisms to these drugs. This compelling evolutionary trait was readily described along with the first wave of antibiotics use and dependence to various antimicrobials has been reported. Nevertheless, current molecular characterizations have been focused on dependence on vancomycin, linezolid and colistin, three critically important antibiotics frequently used as last resource therapy for multi resistant pathogens. Outstanding advances have been made in understanding the molecular basis for the dependence to vancomycin, including specific mutations involved. Regarding linezolid and colistin, the general physiological components affected by the dependence, namely ribosomes and membrane function respectively, have been established. Nonetheless the implications of antibiotic dependence in clinically relevant features, such as virulence, epidemics, relationship with development of resistance, diagnostics and therapy effectiveness require clarification. This review presents a brief introduction of the phenomenon of bacterial dependence to antibiotics and a summary on early and current research concerning the basis for this trait. Furthermore, the available information on the effect of dependence in key clinical aspects is discussed. The studies performed so far underline the need to fully disclose the biological and clinical significance of this trait in pathogens to successfully assess its role in resistance and to design adjusted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Paredes-Amaya
- Microbiology Department, Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - María Teresa Ulloa
- Microbiology and Micology Program, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Independencia, RM, Santiago, Chile
- Vertebral I+D+i - Corporation for Assistance for Burned Children (Coaniquem), Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Antonio García-Angulo
- Microbiology and Micology Program, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Independencia, RM, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Venkateswaran P, Vasudevan S, David H, Shaktivel A, Shanmugam K, Neelakantan P, Solomon AP. Revisiting ESKAPE Pathogens: virulence, resistance, and combating strategies focusing on quorum sensing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1159798. [PMID: 37457962 PMCID: PMC10339816 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1159798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The human-bacterial association is long-known and well-established in terms of both augmentations of human health and attenuation. However, the growing incidents of nosocomial infections caused by the ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp.) call for a much deeper understanding of these organisms. Adopting a holistic approach that includes the science of infection and the recent advancements in preventing and treating infections is imperative in designing novel intervention strategies against ESKAPE pathogens. In this regard, this review captures the ingenious strategies commissioned by these master players, which are teamed up against the defenses of the human team, that are equally, if not more, versatile and potent through an analogy. We have taken a basketball match as our analogy, dividing the human and bacterial species into two teams playing with the ball of health. Through this analogy, we make the concept of infectious biology more accessible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Venkateswaran
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sahana Vasudevan
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Helma David
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Adityan Shaktivel
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Karthik Shanmugam
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Adline Princy Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dai X, Sun J, Zhu B, Lv M, Chen L, Chen L, Wang X, Huang J, Wang L. Various Mobile Genetic Elements Involved in the Dissemination of the Phenicol-Oxazolidinone Resistance Gene optrA in the Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis: a Nonignorable Risk to Public Health. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0487522. [PMID: 37070987 PMCID: PMC10269897 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04875-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase of phenicol-oxazolidinone (PhO) resistance in Streptococcus suis due to transferable resistance gene optrA is a matter of concern. However, genetic mechanisms for the dissemination of the optrA gene remain to be discovered. Here, we selected 33 optrA-positive S. suis isolates for whole-genome sequencing and analysis. The IS1216E element was present in 85% of the optrA-carrying contigs despite genetic variation observed in the flanking region. IS1216E-optrA-carrying segments could be inserted into larger mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including integrative and conjugative elements, plasmids, prophages, and antibiotic resistance-associated genomic islands. IS1216E-mediated circularization occurred to form the IS1216E-optrA-carrying translocatable units, suggesting a crucial role of IS1216E in optrA spreading. Three optrA-carrying MGEs (ICESsuAKJ47_SSU1797, plasmid pSH0918, and prophage ΦSsuFJSM5_rum) were successfully transferred via conjugation at different transfer frequencies. Interestingly, two types of transconjugants were observed due to the multilocus integration of ICESsuAKJ47 into an alternative SSU1943 attachment site along with the primary SSU1797 attachment site (type 1) or into the single SSU1797 attachment site (type 2). In addition, conjugative transfer of an optrA-carrying plasmid and prophage in streptococci was validated for the first time. Considering the abundance of MGEs in S. suis and the mobility of IS1216E-optrA-carrying translocatable units, attention should be paid to the potential risks to public health from the emergence and spread of PhO-resistant S. suis. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance to phenicols and oxazolidinones by the dissemination of the optrA gene leads to treatment failure in both veterinary and human medicine. However, information about the profile of these MGEs (mobilome) that carry optrA and their transferability in streptococci was limited, especially for the zoonotic pathogen S. suis. This study showed that the optrA-carrying mobilome in S. suis includes integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), plasmids, prophages, and antibiotic resistance-associated genomic islands. IS1216E-mediated formation of optrA-carrying translocatable units played important roles in optrA spreading between types of MGEs, and conjugative transfer of various optrA-carrying MGEs (ICEs, plasmids, and prophages) further facilitated the transfer of optrA across strains, highlighting a nonignorable risk to public health of optrA dissemination to other streptococci and even to bacteria of other genera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Boqin Zhu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingsiyi Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liye Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Risk Assessment Center of Veterinary Drug Residue and Antimicrobial Resistance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Risk Assessment Center of Veterinary Drug Residue and Antimicrobial Resistance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Risk Assessment Center of Veterinary Drug Residue and Antimicrobial Resistance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Koh AJJ, Thombare V, Hussein M, Rao GG, Li J, Velkov T. Bifunctional antibiotic hybrids: A review of clinical candidates. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1158152. [PMID: 37397488 PMCID: PMC10313405 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1158152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a top threat to human health and a priority across the globe. This problematic issue is accompanied by the decline of new antibiotics in the pipeline over the past 30 years. In this context, an urgent need to develop new strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance is in great demand. Lately, among the possible approaches used to deal with antimicrobial resistance is the covalent ligation of two antibiotic pharmacophores that target the bacterial cells through a dissimilar mode of action into a single hybrid molecule, namely hybrid antibiotics. This strategy exhibits several advantages, including better antibacterial activity, overcoming the existing resistance towards individual antibiotics, and may ultimately delay the onset of bacterial resistance. This review sheds light on the latest development of the dual antibiotic hybrids pipeline, their potential mechanisms of action, and challenges in their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Jing Jie Koh
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIP, Australia
| | - Varsha Thombare
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIP, Australia
| | - Maytham Hussein
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIP, Australia
| | - Gauri G. Rao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Parkville, VIP, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIP, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIP, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tian T, Yang X, Liu S, Han Z, Qiao W, Li J, Yang M, Zhang Y. Hyper-thermophilic anaerobic pretreatment enhances the removal of transferable oxazolidinone and phenicol cross-resistance gene optrA in enterococci. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 167:92-102. [PMID: 37245400 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of florfenicol in poultry industry results in the emergence of optrA gene, which also confers resistance to clinically important antibiotic linezolid. This study investigated the occurrence, genetic environments, and removal of optrA in enterococci in mesophilic (37 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) anaerobic digestion systems, and a hyper-thermophilic (70 °C) anaerobic pretreatment system for chicken waste. A total of 331 enterococci were isolated and analyzed for antibiotic resistance against linezolid and florfenicol. The optrA gene was frequently detected in enterococci from chicken waste (42.7%) and effluents from mesophilic (72%) and thermophilic (56.8%) reactors, but rarely detected in the hyper-thermophilic (5.8%) effluent. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that optrA-carrying Enterococcus faecalis sequence type (ST) 368 and ST631 were the dominant clones in chicken waste, and they remained dominant in mesophilic and thermophilic effluents, respectively. The plasmid-borne IS1216E-fexA-optrA-erm(A)-IS1216E was the core genetic element for optrA in ST368, whereas chromosomal Tn554-fexA-optrA was the key one in ST631. IS1216E might play a key role in horizontal transfer of optrA due to its presence in different clones. Hyper-thermophilic pretreatment removed enterococci with plasmid-borne IS1216E-fexA-optrA-erm(A)-IS1216E. A hyper-thermophilic pretreatment is recommended for chicken waste to mitigate dissemination of optrA from animal waste to the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shihai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Werner G, Abu Sin M, Bahrs C, Brogden S, Feßler AT, Hagel S, Kaspar H, Köck R, Kreienbrock L, Krüger-Haker H, Maechler F, Noll I, Pletz MW, Tenhagen BA, Schwarz S, Walther B, Mielke M. [Therapy-relevant antibiotic resistances in a One Health context]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03713-4. [PMID: 37184673 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
One Health refers to a concept that links human, animal, and environmental health. In Germany, there is extensive data on antibiotic resistance (AMR) and multidrug-resistant (micro)organisms (MDRO) in human and veterinary medicine, as well as from studies in various environmental compartments (soil, water, wastewater). All these activities are conducted according to different specifications and standards, which makes it difficult to compare data. A focus on AMR and MDRO of human therapeutic importance is helpful to provide some guidance. Most data are available across sectors on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multiresistant Enterobacterales such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Here, the trends of resistance are heterogeneous. Antibiotic use leads to MRE selection, which is well documented. Success in minimizing antibiotic use has also been demonstrated in recent years in several sectors and could be correlated with success in containing AMR and MDRO (e.g., decrease in MRSA in human medicine). Sector-specific measures to reduce the burden of MDRO and AMR are also necessary, as not all resistance problems are linked to other sectors. Carbapenem resistance is still rare, but most apparent in human pathogens. Colistin resistance occurs in different sectors but shows different mechanisms in each. Resistance to antibiotics of last resort such as linezolid is rare in Germany, but shows a specific One Health correlation. Efforts to harmonize methods, for example in the field of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genome-based pathogen and AMR surveillance, are an important first step towards a better comparability of the different data collections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Werner
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Abt. Infektionskrankheiten, Fachgebiet Nosokomiale Infektionserreger und Antibiotikaresistenzen, Robert Koch-Institut, Außenstelle Wernigerode, Burgstr. 37, 38855, Wernigerode, Deutschland.
| | - Muna Abu Sin
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Consumption and Healthcare-Associated Infections, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Christina Bahrs
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Sandra Brogden
- Institut für Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informationsverarbeitung, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Tiermedizinisches Zentrum für Resistenzforschung (TZR), Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Stefan Hagel
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Robin Köck
- Bereich Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Essen, Deutschland
- Institut für Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Institut für Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informationsverarbeitung, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Henrike Krüger-Haker
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Tiermedizinisches Zentrum für Resistenzforschung (TZR), Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Frederike Maechler
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ines Noll
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Consumption and Healthcare-Associated Infections, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Bernd-Alois Tenhagen
- Fachbereich Epidemiologie, Zoonosen und Antibiotikaresistenz, Abteilung Biologische Sicherheit, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung BfR, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Tiermedizinisches Zentrum für Resistenzforschung (TZR), Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Birgit Walther
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
- Fachgebiet Mikrobiologische Risiken, Abteilung Umwelthygiene, Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Coccitto SN, Cinthi M, Simoni S, Vignaroli C, Massacci FR, Albini E, Garofalo C, Aquilanti L, Magistrali CF, Brenciani A, Giovanetti E. Identification of plasmids co-carrying cfr(D)/optrA and cfr(D2)/poxtA linezolid resistance genes in two Enterococcus avium isolates from swine brain. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109749. [PMID: 37116421 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxazolidinones are critically important antibiotics to treat human infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, therefore the occurrence of linezolid-resistant enterococci from food-producing animals poses a serious risk to human health. In this study, Enterococcus avium 38157 and 44917 strains, isolated from the brain of two unrelated piglets, were found to carry the linezolid resistance genes cfr(D)-optrA, and cfr(D2)-poxtA, respectively. Whole genome sequencing analysis of E. avium 38157 revealed that the genes were co-located on the 36.5-kb pEa_cfr(D)-optrA plasmid showing high identity with the pAT02-c of Enterococcus faecium AT02 from pet food. The optrA region, was 99% identical to the one of the pAv-optrA plasmid from a bovine Aerococcus viridans strain, whereas the cfr(D) genetic context was identical to that of the plasmid 2 of E. faecium 15-307.1. pEa_cfr(D)-optrA was not transferable to enterococcal recipients. In E. avium 44917 a cfr(D)-like gene, named cfr(D2), and the poxtA gene were co-located on the transferable 42.6-kb pEa-cfr(D2)-poxtA plasmid 97% identical to the Tn6349 transposon of the human MRSA AOUC-0915. The cfr(D2) genetic context, fully replaced the Tn6644 that in S. aureus AOUC-0915 harbor the cfr gene. In conclusion, this is, the best of our knowledge, the first report of the new cfr(D2) gene variant. The occurrence of plasmids co-carrying two linezolid resistance genes in enterococci from food-producing animals needs close surveillance to prevent their spread to human pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nina Coccitto
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marzia Cinthi
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Simoni
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carla Vignaroli
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Massacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche (IZSUM) 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche (IZSUM) 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiana Garofalo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Aquilanti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Brenciani
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
D'Achille G, Morroni G. Side effects of antibiotics and perturbations of mitochondria functions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 377:121-139. [PMID: 37268348 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are one of the greatest discoveries of medicine of the past century. Despite their invaluable contribution to infectious disease, their administration could lead to side effects that in some cases are serious. The toxicity of some antibiotics is in part due to their interaction with mitochondria: these organelles derive from a bacterial ancestor and possess specific translation machinery that shares similarities with the bacterial counterpart. In other cases, the antibiotics could interfere with mitochondrial functions even if their main bacterial targets are not shared with the eukaryotic cells. The purpose of this review is to summarize the effects of antibiotics administration on mitochondrial homeostasis and the opportunity that some of these molecules could represent in cancer treatment. The importance of antimicrobial therapy is unquestionable, but the identification of interaction with eukaryotic cells and in particular with mitochondria is crucial to reduce the toxicity of these drugs and to explore other useful medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria D'Achille
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Albini E, Coccitto SN, Cinthi M, Giovanetti E, Gobbi M, Massacci FR, Pavone S, Magistrali CF, Brenciani A. optrA-mediated linezolid resistance in an Enterococcus faecalis isolate recovered from a wild raptor (Falco peregrinus peregrinus), central Italy. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 32:48-49. [PMID: 36587793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Albini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - Sonia N Coccitto
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Torrette di Ancona, Italy
| | - Marzia Cinthi
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca R Massacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Pavone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara F Magistrali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Torrette di Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Simon C, Latorre-Fernandez J, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Nasal staphylococci community of healthy pigs and pig-farmers in Aragon (Spain). Predominance and within-host resistome diversity in MRSA-CC398 and MSSA-CC9 lineages. One Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
|
40
|
Cinthi M, Coccitto SN, Simoni S, Garofalo C, Cesaro C, Vignaroli C, Brenciani A, Giovanetti E. Letter to the Editor: A Porcine Enterococcus hirae Shares a poxtA-Carrying Plasmid with a Human Enterococcus faecium Isolate. Microb Drug Resist 2023. [PMID: 36695758 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Cinthi
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Nina Coccitto
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Simoni
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristiana Garofalo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristiana Cesaro
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carla Vignaroli
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Spreading of cfr-Carrying Plasmids among Staphylococci from Humans and Animals. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0246122. [PMID: 36413029 PMCID: PMC9769919 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02461-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The multidrug resistance gene cfr mediates resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, including linezolid. Plasmids are the preferred vector for the dissemination of cfr. However, the presence and transmission of cfr-carrying plasmids among staphylococci from humans and animals have rarely been studied. Here, we investigated the presence of the cfr gene in 2,250 staphylococci of human clinical origin collected in Zhejiang, China, in 1998 to 2021 and in 3,329 porcine staphylococci preserved in our laboratories. The cfr gene was detected in 38 human isolates; its presence in Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus cohnii in 2003 was earlier than that identified in 2005, and Staphylococcus capitis (n = 30) was the predominant species. The cfr-carrying fragment in 38 isolates exhibited >99% nucleotide sequence similarity to plasmid pLRSA417 (39,504 bp), which was identified in 2015 and originated from a human clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate from Zhejiang, China. The cfr-carrying plasmids in 18 MinION-sequenced staphylococci ranged in size from 32,697 bp to 43,457 bp. Fifteen plasmids were identical to pLRSA417, except for the inversion of an 8.4-kb segment comprising IS256-aacA/aphD-ISEnfa4_1-cfr-ISEnfa4_2, while the remaining 3 plasmids exhibited slightly different structures. Among the 114 cfr-positive staphylococci from pigs, pLRSA417-like plasmids were detected in 3 isolates. Intraspecies and interspecies conjugation occurred in human-derived pLRSA417-like plasmids. The presence of pLRSA417-like plasmids in staphylococci from multiple geographic regions and different hosts implied the possible transmission of the respective isolates between humans and animals. IMPORTANCE The therapeutic efficacy of the oxazolidinone antimicrobial linezolid is reduced by the emergence and dissemination of the multidrug resistance gene cfr. The cfr-carrying plasmid pLRSA417 was first identified in a clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate, but its presence in staphylococci of human and animal origin has not been reported previously. This study showed that conjugative plasmids similar to pLRSA417 were detected mainly in Staphylococcus capitis and existed in different staphylococci in 2003 to 2021 in various clinical departments in the same hospital. pLRSA417-like plasmids were also present in staphylococci of food animal sources from different geographic regions, which suggested possible transmission among humans and animals.
Collapse
|
42
|
Coccitto SN, Cinthi M, Morroni G, Pocognoli A, Simoni S, D'Achille G, Brenciani A, Giovanetti E. Co-existence of cfr and fosB genes in an MDR Staphylococcus hominis blood isolate from an Italian hospital. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 31:391-393. [PMID: 36402368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nina Coccitto
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marzia Cinthi
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Pocognoli
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria 'Ospedali Riuniti', Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Simoni
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gloria D'Achille
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cinthi M, Coccitto SN, Morroni G, D’Achille G, Brenciani A, Giovanetti E. Detection of an Enterococcus faecium Carrying a Double Copy of the PoxtA Gene from Freshwater River, Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1618. [PMID: 36421262 PMCID: PMC9686737 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxazolidinones are valuable antimicrobials that are used to treat severe infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-positive bacteria. However, in recent years, a significant spread of clinically relevant linezolid-resistant human bacteria that is also present in animal and environmental settings has been detected and is a cause for concern. This study aimed to investigate the presence, genetic environments, and transferability of oxazolidinone resistance genes in enterococci from freshwater samples. A total of 10 samples were collected from a river in Central Italy. Florfenicol-resistant enterococci were screened for the presence of oxazolidinone resistance genes by PCR. Enterococcus faecium M1 was positive for the poxtA gene. The poxtA transfer (filter mating and aquaria microcosm assays), localization (S1-PFGE/hybridization), genetic context, and clonality of the isolate (WGS) were analyzed. Two poxtA copies were located on the 30,877-bp pEfM1, showing high-level identity and synteny to the pEfm-Ef3 from an E. faecium collected from an Italian coastal area. The isolate was able to transfer the poxtA to enterococcal recipients both in filter mating and aquaria microcosm assays. This is-to the best of our knowledge-the first detection of an enterococcus carrying a linezolid resistance gene from freshwater in Italy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Cinthi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Nina Coccitto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gloria D’Achille
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|