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Vandermeulen MD, Lorenz MC, Cullen PJ. Conserved signaling modules regulate filamentous growth in fungi: a model for eukaryotic cell differentiation. Genetics 2024; 228:iyae122. [PMID: 39239926 PMCID: PMC11457945 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic organisms are composed of different cell types with defined shapes and functions. Specific cell types are produced by the process of cell differentiation, which is regulated by signal transduction pathways. Signaling pathways regulate cell differentiation by sensing cues and controlling the expression of target genes whose products generate cell types with specific attributes. In studying how cells differentiate, fungi have proved valuable models because of their ease of genetic manipulation and striking cell morphologies. Many fungal species undergo filamentous growth-a specialized growth pattern where cells produce elongated tube-like projections. Filamentous growth promotes expansion into new environments, including invasion into plant and animal hosts by fungal pathogens. The same signaling pathways that regulate filamentous growth in fungi also control cell differentiation throughout eukaryotes and include highly conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which is the focus of this review. In many fungal species, mucin-type sensors regulate MAPK pathways to control filamentous growth in response to diverse stimuli. Once activated, MAPK pathways reorganize cell polarity, induce changes in cell adhesion, and promote the secretion of degradative enzymes that mediate access to new environments. However, MAPK pathway regulation is complicated because related pathways can share components with each other yet induce unique responses (i.e. signal specificity). In addition, MAPK pathways function in highly integrated networks with other regulatory pathways (i.e. signal integration). Here, we discuss signal specificity and integration in several yeast models (mainly Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans) by focusing on the filamentation MAPK pathway. Because of the strong evolutionary ties between species, a deeper understanding of the regulation of filamentous growth in established models and increasingly diverse fungal species can reveal fundamentally new mechanisms underlying eukaryotic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael C Lorenz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul J Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-1300, USA
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2
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Rajasingham T, Rodriguez HM, Betz A, Sproule DM, Sinha U. Validation of a novel western blot assay to monitor patterns and levels of alpha dystroglycan in skeletal muscle of patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophies. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2024; 45:123-138. [PMID: 38635147 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-024-09670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The cell membrane protein, dystroglycan, plays a crucial role in connecting the cytoskeleton of a variety of mammalian cells to the extracellular matrix. The α-subunit of dystroglycan (αDG) is characterized by a high level of glycosylation, including a unique O-mannosyl matriglycan. This specific glycosylation is essential for binding of αDG to extracellular matrix ligands effectively. A subset of muscular dystrophies, called dystroglycanopathies, are associated with aberrant, dysfunctional glycosylation of αDG. This defect prevents myocytes from attaching to the basal membrane, leading to contraction-induced injury. Here, we describe a novel Western blot (WB) assay for determining levels of αDG glycosylation in skeletal muscle tissue. The assay described involves extracting proteins from fine needle tibialis anterior (TA) biopsies and separation using SDS-PAGE followed by WB. Glycosylated and core αDG are then detected in a multiplexed format using fluorescent antibodies. A practical application of this assay is demonstrated with samples from normal donors and patients diagnosed with LGMD2I/R9. Quantitative analysis of the WB, which employed the use of a normal TA derived calibration curve, revealed significantly reduced levels of αDG in patient biopsies relative to unaffected TA. Importantly, the assay was able to distinguish between the L276I homozygous patients and a more severe form of clinical disease observed with other FKRP variants. Data demonstrating the accuracy and reliability of the assay are also presented, which further supports the potential utility of this novel assay to monitor changes in ⍺DG of TA muscle biopsies in the evaluation of potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulashitha Rajasingham
- Department of Preclinical/Clinical Pharmacology, ML Bio Solutions, a BridgeBio company, Palo Alto, USA.
| | - Hector M Rodriguez
- Department of Preclinical/Clinical Pharmacology, ML Bio Solutions, a BridgeBio company, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Andreas Betz
- Department of Preclinical/Clinical Pharmacology, ML Bio Solutions, a BridgeBio company, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Douglas M Sproule
- Department of Clinical Development, ML Bio Solutions, a BridgeBio company, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Uma Sinha
- Department of Preclinical/Clinical Pharmacology, ML Bio Solutions, a BridgeBio company, Palo Alto, USA
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3
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Chatham JC, Patel RP. Protein glycosylation in cardiovascular health and disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:525-544. [PMID: 38499867 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-00998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, which involves the attachment of carbohydrates to proteins, is one of the most abundant protein co-translational and post-translational modifications. Advances in technology have substantially increased our knowledge of the biosynthetic pathways involved in protein glycosylation, as well as how changes in glycosylation can affect cell function. In addition, our understanding of the role of protein glycosylation in disease processes is growing, particularly in the context of immune system function, infectious diseases, neurodegeneration and cancer. Several decades ago, cell surface glycoproteins were found to have an important role in regulating ion transport across the cardiac sarcolemma. However, with very few exceptions, our understanding of how changes in protein glycosylation influence cardiovascular (patho)physiology remains remarkably limited. Therefore, in this Review, we aim to provide an overview of N-linked and O-linked protein glycosylation, including intracellular O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification. We discuss our current understanding of how all forms of protein glycosylation contribute to normal cardiovascular function and their roles in cardiovascular disease. Finally, we highlight potential gaps in our knowledge about the effects of protein glycosylation on the heart and vascular system, highlighting areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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4
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Povolo L, Tian W, Vakhrushev SY, Halim A. Global View of Domain-Specific O-Linked Mannose Glycosylation in Glycoengineered Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100796. [PMID: 38851451 PMCID: PMC11292533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein O-linked mannose (O-Man) glycosylation is an evolutionary conserved posttranslational modification that fulfills important biological roles during embryonic development. Three nonredundant enzyme families, POMT1/POMT2, TMTC1-4, and TMEM260, selectively coordinate the initiation of protein O-Man glycosylation on distinct classes of transmembrane proteins, including α-dystroglycan, cadherins, and plexin receptors. However, a systematic investigation of their substrate specificities is lacking, in part due to the ubiquitous expression of O-Man glycosyltransferases in cells, which precludes analysis of pathway-specific O-Man glycosylation on a proteome-wide scale. Here, we apply a targeted workflow for membrane glycoproteomics across five human cell lines to extensively map O-Man substrates and genetically deconstruct O-Man initiation by individual and combinatorial knockout of O-Man glycosyltransferase genes. We established a human cell library for the analysis of substrate specificities of individual O-Man initiation pathways by quantitative glycoproteomics. Our results identify 180 O-Man glycoproteins, demonstrate new protein targets for the POMT1/POMT2 pathway, and show that TMTC1-4 and TMEM260 pathways widely target distinct Ig-like protein domains of plasma membrane proteins involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. The identification of O-Man on Ig-like folds adds further knowledge on the emerging concept of domain-specific O-Man glycosylation which opens for functional studies of O-Man-glycosylated adhesion molecules and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Povolo
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Weihua Tian
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Adnan Halim
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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5
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Tan RL, Sciandra F, Hübner W, Bozzi M, Reimann J, Schoch S, Brancaccio A, Blaess S. The missense mutation C667F in murine β-dystroglycan causes embryonic lethality, myopathy and blood-brain barrier destabilization. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050594. [PMID: 38616731 PMCID: PMC11212641 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan (DG) is an extracellular matrix receptor consisting of an α- and a β-DG subunit encoded by the DAG1 gene. The homozygous mutation (c.2006G>T, p.Cys669Phe) in β-DG causes muscle-eye-brain disease with multicystic leukodystrophy in humans. In a mouse model of this primary dystroglycanopathy, approximately two-thirds of homozygous embryos fail to develop to term. Mutant mice that are born undergo a normal postnatal development but show a late-onset myopathy with partially penetrant histopathological changes and an impaired performance on an activity wheel. Their brains and eyes are structurally normal, but the localization of mutant β-DG is altered in the glial perivascular end-feet, resulting in a perturbed protein composition of the blood-brain and blood-retina barrier. In addition, α- and β-DG protein levels are significantly reduced in muscle and brain of mutant mice. Owing to the partially penetrant developmental phenotype of the C669F β-DG mice, they represent a novel and highly valuable mouse model with which to study the molecular effects of β-DG functional alterations both during embryogenesis and in mature muscle, brain and eye, and to gain insight into the pathogenesis of primary dystroglycanopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lois Tan
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesca Sciandra
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies ‘Giulio Natta’ (SCITEC)-CNR, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Biomolecular Photonics, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Manuela Bozzi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies ‘Giulio Natta’ (SCITEC)-CNR, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie. Sezione di Biochimica. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Jens Reimann
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Synaptic Neuroscience Team, Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Brancaccio
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies ‘Giulio Natta’ (SCITEC)-CNR, 00168 Rome, Italy
- School of Biochemistry, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Sandra Blaess
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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6
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Hord JM, Anderson ME, Prouty SJ, Melton S, Gastel Z, Zimmerman K, Weiss RM, Campbell KP. Matriglycan maintains t-tubule structural integrity in cardiac muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402890121. [PMID: 38771868 PMCID: PMC11145246 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402890121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the structure of cardiac membranes and membrane organelles is essential for heart function. A critical cardiac membrane organelle is the transverse tubule system (called the t-tubule system) which is an invagination of the surface membrane. A unique structural characteristic of the cardiac muscle t-tubule system is the extension of the extracellular matrix (ECM) from the surface membrane into the t-tubule lumen. However, the importance of the ECM extending into the cardiac t-tubule lumen is not well understood. Dystroglycan (DG) is an ECM receptor in the surface membrane of many cells, and it is also expressed in t-tubules in cardiac muscle. Extensive posttranslational processing and O-glycosylation are required for DG to bind ECM proteins and the binding is mediated by a glycan structure known as matriglycan. Genetic disruption resulting in defective O-glycosylation of DG results in muscular dystrophy with cardiorespiratory pathophysiology. Here, we show that DG is essential for maintaining cardiac t-tubule structural integrity. Mice with defects in O-glycosylation of DG developed normal t-tubules but were susceptible to stress-induced t-tubule loss or severing that contributed to cardiac dysfunction and disease progression. Finally, we observed similar stress-induced cardiac t-tubule disruption in a cohort of mice that solely lacked matriglycan. Collectively, our data indicate that DG in t-tubules anchors the luminal ECM to the t-tubule membrane via the polysaccharide matriglycan, which is critical to transmitting structural strength of the ECM to the t-tubules and provides resistance to mechanical stress, ultimately preventing disruptions in cardiac t-tubule integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Hord
- HHMI, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Mary E. Anderson
- HHMI, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Sally J. Prouty
- HHMI, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Shelly Melton
- HHMI, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Zeita Gastel
- HHMI, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Kathy Zimmerman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Robert M. Weiss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Kevin P. Campbell
- HHMI, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
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Corona-Rivera JR, Martínez-Duncker I, Morava E, Ranatunga W, Salinas-Marin R, González-Jaimes AM, Castillo-Reyes KA, Peña-Padilla C, Bobadilla-Morales L, Corona-Rivera A, Orozco-Vela M, Brukman-Jiménez SA. TRAPPC11-CDG muscular dystrophy: Review of 54 cases including a novel patient. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108469. [PMID: 38564972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The trafficking protein particle (TRAPP) complex is a multisubunit protein complex that functions as a tethering factor involved in intracellular trafficking. TRAPPC11, a crucial subunit of this complex, is associated with pathogenic variants that cause a spectrum of disease, which can range from a limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) to developmental disability with muscle disease, movement disorder and global developmental delay (GDD)/intellectual disability (ID), or even a congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD). We reviewed the phenotype of all reported individuals with TRAPPC11-opathies, including an additional Mexican patient with novel compound heterozygous missense variants in TRAPPC11 (c.751 T > C and c.1058C > G), restricted to the Latino population. In these 54 patients muscular dystrophy signs are common (early onset muscle weakness, increased serum creatine kinase levels, and dystrophic changes in muscle biopsy). They present two main phenotypes, one with a slowly progressive LGMD with or without GDD/ID (n = 12), and another with systemic involvement characterized by short stature, GDD/ID, microcephaly, hypotonia, poor speech, seizures, cerebral atrophy, cerebellar abnormalities, movement disorder, scoliosis, liver disease, and cataracts (n = 42). In 6 of them CMD was identified. Obstructive hydrocephaly, retrocerebellar cyst, and talipes equinovarus found in the individual reported here has not been described in TRAPPC11 deficiency. As in previous patients, membrane trafficking assays in our patient showed defective abnormal endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport as well as decreased expression of LAMP2, and ICAM-1 glycoproteins. This supports previous statements that TRAPPC11-opathies are in fact a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) with muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Román Corona-Rivera
- Center for Registry and Research on Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Division of Pediatrics, Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; "Dr. Enrique Corona-Rivera" Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Iván Martínez-Duncker
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Laboratory of Medical Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wasantha Ranatunga
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Laboratory of Medical Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roberta Salinas-Marin
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ana María González-Jaimes
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Katia Alejandra Castillo-Reyes
- Center for Registry and Research on Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Division of Pediatrics, Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Christian Peña-Padilla
- Center for Registry and Research on Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Division of Pediatrics, Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lucina Bobadilla-Morales
- Center for Registry and Research on Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Division of Pediatrics, Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; "Dr. Enrique Corona-Rivera" Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Corona-Rivera
- Center for Registry and Research on Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Division of Pediatrics, Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; "Dr. Enrique Corona-Rivera" Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mireya Orozco-Vela
- Center for Registry and Research on Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Division of Pediatrics, Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sinhue Alejandro Brukman-Jiménez
- Center for Registry and Research on Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Division of Pediatrics, Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Hamamura K, Nagao M, Furukawa K. Regulation of Glycosylation in Bone Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3568. [PMID: 38612379 PMCID: PMC11011486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis in the body and at the onset of diseases such as inflammation, neurodegeneration, infection, diabetes, and cancer. It is also involved in bone metabolism. N- and O-glycans have been shown to regulate osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. We recently demonstrated that ganglio-series and globo-series glycosphingolipids were essential for regulating the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in glycosyltransferase-knockout mice. Herein, we reviewed the importance of the regulation of bone metabolism by glycoconjugates, such as glycolipids and glycoproteins, including our recent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Hamamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Mayu Nagao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
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9
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Katz M, Diskin R. The underlying mechanisms of arenaviral entry through matriglycan. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1371551. [PMID: 38516183 PMCID: PMC10955480 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1371551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Matriglycan, a recently characterized linear polysaccharide, is composed of alternating xylose and glucuronic acid subunits bound to the ubiquitously expressed protein α-dystroglycan (α-DG). Pathogenic arenaviruses, like the Lassa virus (LASV), hijack this long linear polysaccharide to gain cellular entry. Until recently, it was unclear through what mechanisms LASV engages its matriglycan receptor to initiate infection. Additionally, how matriglycan is synthesized onto α-DG by the Golgi-resident glycosyltransferase LARGE1 remained enigmatic. Recent structural data for LARGE1 and for the LASV spike complex informs us about the synthesis of matriglycan as well as its usage as an entry receptor by arenaviruses. In this review, we discuss structural insights into the system of matriglycan generation and eventual recognition by pathogenic viruses. We also highlight the unique usage of matriglycan as a high-affinity host receptor compared with other polysaccharides that decorate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ron Diskin
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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10
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Huang L, Kondo Y, Cao L, Han J, Li T, Zuo B, Yang F, Li Y, Ma Z, Bai X, Jiang M, Ruan C, Xia L. Novel GNE missense variants impair de novo sialylation and cause defective angiogenesis in the developing brain in mice. Blood Adv 2024; 8:991-1001. [PMID: 38237079 PMCID: PMC10879683 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase and N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) kinase (GNE) is a cytosolic enzyme in de novo sialic acid biosynthesis. Congenital deficiency of GNE causes an autosomal recessive genetic disorder associated with hereditary inclusion body myopathy and macrothrombocytopenia. Here, we report a pediatric patient with severe macrothrombocytopenia carrying 2 novel GNE missense variants, c.1781G>A (p.Cys594Tyr, hereafter, C594Y) and c.2204C>G (p.Pro735Arg, hereafter, P735R). To investigate the biological significance of these variants in vivo, we generated a mouse model carrying the P735R mutation. Mice with homozygous P735R mutations exhibited cerebral hemorrhages as early as embryonic day 11 (E11), which subsequently progressed to large hemorrhages in the brain and spinal cord, and died between E11.5 and E12.5. Defective angiogenesis such as distended vascular sprouts were found in neural tissues and embryonic megakaryocytes were abnormally accumulated in the perineural vascular plexus in mutant mouse embryos. Furthermore, our in vitro experiments indicated that both C594Y and P735R are loss-of-function mutations with respect to de novo sialic acid biosynthesis. Overall, this study reveals a novel role for GNE-mediated de novo sialic acid biosynthesis in mouse embryonic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Huang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuji Kondo
- Institute for Glyco-core Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lijuan Cao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Zuo
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenni Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia Bai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xia
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
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11
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Hu ZF, Zhong K, Cao H. Recent advances in enzymatic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of N- and O-glycans. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 78:102417. [PMID: 38141531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications of proteins, which plays essential roles in regulating the biological functions of proteins. Efficient and versatile methods for the synthesis of homogeneous and well-defined N- and O-glycans remain an urgent need for biological studies and biomedical applications. Despite their structural complexity, tremendous progress has been made in the synthesis of N- and O-glycans in recent years. This review discusses some recent advances in the enzymatic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of N- and O-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Kan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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12
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Geoffroy M, Pili L, Buffa V, Caroff M, Bigot A, Gicquel E, Rouby G, Richard I, Fragnoud R. CRISPR-Cas9 KO Cell Line Generation and Development of a Cell-Based Potency Assay for rAAV-FKRP Gene Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:2444. [PMID: 37887288 PMCID: PMC10604961 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy R9 (LGMDR9) is a dystroglycanopathy caused by Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) defects leading to the deficiency of α-DG glycosylation, essential to membrane integrity. Recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) gene therapy offers great therapeutic promise for such neuromuscular disorders. Pre-clinical studies have paved the way for a phase 1/2 clinical trial aiming to evaluate the safety and efficacy of FKRP gene therapy in LGMDR9 patients. To demonstrate product activity, quality, and consistency throughout product and clinical development, regulatory authorities request several quality controls, including a potency assay aiming to demonstrate and quantify the intended biological effect of the gene therapy product. In the present study, we generated FKRP knock-out (KO) cells fully depleted of α-DG glycosylation using CRISPR-Cas9 to assess the functional activity of a rAAV-FKRP gene therapy. We then developed a high-throughput On-Cell-Western methodology to evaluate the restoration of α-DG glycosylation in KO-FKRP cells and determine the biological activity of the FKRP transgene. The determination of the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) provides a method to compare the rAAV-FKRP batch using a reference standard. The generation of KO-FKRP muscle cells associated with the high-throughput On-Cell-Western technique may serve as a cell-based potency assay to assess rAAV-FKRP gene therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Geoffroy
- Généthon, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay/Université Evry, INSERM, Généthon, Integrare Research Unit, UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Louna Pili
- Généthon, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay/Université Evry, INSERM, Généthon, Integrare Research Unit, UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Valentina Buffa
- Généthon, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay/Université Evry, INSERM, Généthon, Integrare Research Unit, UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Maëlle Caroff
- Généthon, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay/Université Evry, INSERM, Généthon, Integrare Research Unit, UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Anne Bigot
- Institut de Myologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UM76 Univ. Paris 6/U974 UMR7215, CNRS Pitié-Salpétrière-INSERM, UMRS 974, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Gicquel
- Généthon, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay/Université Evry, INSERM, Généthon, Integrare Research Unit, UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Grégory Rouby
- Généthon, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay/Université Evry, INSERM, Généthon, Integrare Research Unit, UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- Généthon, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay/Université Evry, INSERM, Généthon, Integrare Research Unit, UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
- Atamyo Therapeutics, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Romain Fragnoud
- Généthon, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay/Université Evry, INSERM, Généthon, Integrare Research Unit, UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
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13
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Rahman NIA, Lam CL, Sulaiman N, Abdullah NAH, Nordin F, Ariffin SHZ, Yazid MD. PAX7, a Key for Myogenesis Modulation in Muscular Dystrophies through Multiple Signaling Pathways: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13051. [PMID: 37685856 PMCID: PMC10487808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy is a heterogenous group of hereditary muscle disorders caused by mutations in the genes responsible for muscle development, and is generally defined by a disastrous progression of muscle wasting and massive loss in muscle regeneration. Pax7 is closely associated with myogenesis, which is governed by various signaling pathways throughout a lifetime and is frequently used as an indicator in muscle research. In this review, an extensive literature search adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was performed to identify research that examined signaling pathways in living models, while quantifying Pax7 expression in myogenesis. A total of 247 articles were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS), PubMed and Scopus databases and were thoroughly examined and evaluated, resulting in 19 articles which met the inclusion criteria. Admittedly, we were only able to discuss the quantification of Pax7 carried out in research affecting various type of genes and signaling pathways, rather than the expression of Pax7 itself, due to the massive differences in approach, factor molecules and signaling pathways analyzed across the research. However, we highlighted the thorough evidence for the alteration of the muscle stem cell precursor Pax7 in multiple signaling pathways described in different living models, with an emphasis on the novel approach that could be taken in manipulating Pax7 expression itself in dystrophic muscle, towards the discovery of an effective treatment for muscular dystrophy. Therefore, we believe that this could be applied to the potential gap in muscle research that could be filled by tuning the well-established marker expression to improve dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Idayu A. Rahman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.I.A.R.)
| | - Chung Liang Lam
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.I.A.R.)
| | - Nadiah Sulaiman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.I.A.R.)
| | - Nur Atiqah Haizum Abdullah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.I.A.R.)
| | - Fazlina Nordin
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.I.A.R.)
| | - Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- Centre of Biotechnology & Functional Food, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.I.A.R.)
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14
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Itakura Y, Hasegawa Y, Kikkawa Y, Murakami Y, Sugiura K, Nagai-Okatani C, Sasaki N, Umemura M, Takahashi Y, Kimura T, Kuno A, Ishiwata T, Toyoda M. Spatiotemporal changes of tissue glycans depending on localization in cardiac aging. Regen Ther 2023; 22:68-78. [PMID: 36712959 PMCID: PMC9841240 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is caused by various factors, making the underlying pathogenic mechanisms difficult to identify. Since cardiovascular disease tends to worsen over time, early diagnosis is key for treatment. In addition, understanding the qualitative changes in the heart associated with aging, where information on the direct influences of aging on cardiovascular disease is limited, would also be useful for treatment and diagnosis. To fill these research gaps, the focus of our study was to detect the structural and functional molecular changes associated with the heart over time, with a focus on glycans, which reflect the type and state of cells. METHODS We investigated glycan localization in the cardiac tissue of normal mice and their alterations during aging, using evanescent-field fluorescence-assisted lectin microarray, a technique based on lectin-glycan interaction, and lectin staining. RESULTS The glycan profiles in the left ventricle showed differences between the luminal side (medial) and wall side (lateral) regions. The medial region was characterized by the presence of sialic acid residues. Moreover, age-related changes in glycan profiles were observed at a younger age in the medial region. The difference in the age-related decrease in the level of α-galactose stained with Griffonia simplicifolia lectin-IB4 in different regions of the left ventricle suggests spatiotemporal changes in the number of microvessels. CONCLUSIONS The glycan profile, which retains diverse glycan structures, is supported by many cell populations, and maintains cardiac function. With further research, glycan localization and changes have the potential to be developed as a marker of the signs of heart failure.
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Key Words
- ACG, Agrocybe cylindracea galectin
- Aging
- BPL, Bauhinia purpurea alba lectin
- Calsepa, Calystegia sepium agglutinin
- Cardiac tissue
- ConA, Canavalia ensiformis lectin
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DBA, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin
- ECA, Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin
- ECM, extracellular matrices
- EMT, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GSL-I, Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I
- Gal, galactose
- GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine
- GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine
- Glycan profile
- HE, hematoxylin-eosin
- LEL, Lycopersicon esculentum lectin
- LTL, Lotus tetragonolobus lectin
- Lectin microarray
- MAH, Maackia amurensis hemagglutinin
- MAL-I, Maackia amurensis lectin I
- Man, mannose
- Microvessels
- NPA, Narcissus pseudonarcissus agglutinin
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PHA-L, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin
- PNA, Arachis hypogaea agglutinin
- RCA120, Ricinus communis agglutinin I
- SBA, Glycine max agglutinin
- SNA, Sambucus nigra agglutinin
- SSA, Sambucus sieboldiana agglutinin
- STL, Solanum tuberosum lectin
- TJA-I, Trichosanthes japonica agglutinin I
- UDA, Urtica dioica
- VVA, Vicia villosa agglutinin
- WFA, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin
- WGA, Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (wheat germ agglutinin)
- α-SMA, alpha smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Itakura
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hasegawa
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yurika Kikkawa
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuina Murakami
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan,Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sugiura
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Chiaki Nagai-Okatani
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institutes of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 5 Central, Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Mariko Umemura
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tohru Kimura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institutes of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 5 Central, Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan,Corresponding author.
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15
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Younger DS. Childhood muscular dystrophies. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 195:461-496. [PMID: 37562882 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98818-6.00024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Infancy- and childhood-onset muscular dystrophies are associated with a characteristic distribution and progression of motor dysfunction. The underlying causes of progressive childhood muscular dystrophies are heterogeneous involving diverse genetic pathways and genes that encode proteins of the plasma membrane, extracellular matrix, sarcomere, and nuclear membrane components. The prototypical clinicopathological features in an affected child may be adequate to fully distinguish it from other likely diagnoses based on four common features: (1) weakness and wasting of pelvic-femoral and scapular muscles with involvement of heart muscle; (2) elevation of serum muscle enzymes in particular serum creatine kinase; (3) necrosis and regeneration of myofibers; and (4) molecular neurogenetic assessment particularly utilizing next-generation sequencing of the genome of the likeliest candidates genes in an index case or family proband. A number of different animal models of therapeutic strategies have been developed for gene transfer therapy, but so far these techniques have not yet entered clinical practice. Treatment remains for the most part symptomatic with the goal of ameliorating locomotor and cardiorespiratory manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine and Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, NY, United States.
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Quereda C, Pastor À, Martín-Nieto J. Involvement of abnormal dystroglycan expression and matriglycan levels in cancer pathogenesis. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:395. [PMID: 36494657 PMCID: PMC9733019 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan (DG) is a glycoprotein composed of two subunits that remain non-covalently bound at the plasma membrane: α-DG, which is extracellular and heavily O-mannosyl glycosylated, and β-DG, an integral transmembrane polypeptide. α-DG is involved in the maintenance of tissue integrity and function in the adult, providing an O-glycosylation-dependent link for cells to their extracellular matrix. β-DG in turn contacts the cytoskeleton via dystrophin and participates in a variety of pathways transmitting extracellular signals to the nucleus. Increasing evidence exists of a pivotal role of DG in the modulation of normal cellular proliferation. In this context, deficiencies in DG glycosylation levels, in particular those affecting the so-called matriglycan structure, have been found in an ample variety of human tumors and cancer-derived cell lines. This occurs together with an underexpression of the DAG1 mRNA and/or its α-DG (core) polypeptide product or, more frequently, with a downregulation of β-DG protein levels. These changes are in general accompanied in tumor cells by a low expression of genes involved in the last steps of the α-DG O-mannosyl glycosylation pathway, namely POMT1/2, POMGNT2, CRPPA, B4GAT1 and LARGE1/2. On the other hand, a series of other genes acting earlier in this pathway are overexpressed in tumor cells, namely DOLK, DPM1/2/3, POMGNT1, B3GALNT2, POMK and FKTN, hence exerting instead a pro-oncogenic role. Finally, downregulation of β-DG, altered β-DG processing and/or impaired β-DG nuclear levels are increasingly found in human tumors and cell lines. It follows that DG itself, particular genes/proteins involved in its glycosylation and/or their interactors in the cell could be useful as biomarkers of certain types of human cancer, and/or as molecular targets of new therapies addressing these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Quereda
- grid.5268.90000 0001 2168 1800Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Campus Universitario San Vicente, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Àngels Pastor
- grid.5268.90000 0001 2168 1800Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Campus Universitario San Vicente, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - José Martín-Nieto
- grid.5268.90000 0001 2168 1800Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Campus Universitario San Vicente, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain ,grid.5268.90000 0001 2168 1800Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio ‘Ramón Margalef’, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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Deletion of POMT2 in Zebrafish Causes Degeneration of Photoreceptors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314809. [PMID: 36499139 PMCID: PMC9738688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the extracellular matrix protein eyes shut homolog (EYS) are a common cause of retinitis pigmentosa, a blinding disease characterized by photoreceptor degeneration. EYS binds to matriglycan, a carbohydrate modification on O-mannosyl glycan substitutions of the cell-surface glycoprotein α-dystroglycan. Patients with mutations in enzymes required for the biosynthesis of matriglycan exhibit syndromic retinal atrophy, along with brain malformations and congenital muscular dystrophy. Protein O-mannosyltransferase 2 (POMT2) is an enzyme required for the synthesis of O-mannosyl glycans. To evaluate the roles of O-mannosyl glycans in photoreceptor health, we generated protein O-mannosyltransferase 2 (pomt2) mutant zebrafish by CRISPR. pomt2 mutation resulted in a loss of matriglycan and abolished binding of EYS protein to α-dystroglycan. Mutant zebrafish presented with hydrocephalus and hypoplasia of the cerebellum, as well as muscular dystrophy. EYS protein was enriched near photoreceptor connecting cilia in the wild-type, but its presence and proper localization was significantly reduced in mutant animals. The mutant retina exhibited mis-localization of opsins and increased apoptosis in both rod and cone photoreceptors. Immunofluorescence intensity of G protein subunit alpha transducin 2 (GNAT2) antibody (a general cone marker) and 1D4 antibody (a long double cone marker) in mutant retinas did not differ from wild-type retinas at 1-month post fertilization, but was reduced at 6 months post fertilization, indicating significant cone degeneration. These data suggest that POMT2-mediated O-mannosyl glycosylation is required for EYS protein localization to the connecting cilium region and photoreceptor survival.
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Seizures and EEG characteristics in a cohort of pediatric patients with dystroglycanopathies. Seizure 2022; 101:39-47. [PMID: 35863218 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To delineate the seizure type, phenotype and V-EEG patterns of dystroglycanopathy (DGP) and correlate them with the neuroradiological and genetic results. METHODS Patients with seizures were screened from our dystroglycanopathy database from January 2010 to March 2021. Detailed clinical information, including seizure type, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), EEG and genetic analysis, was collected. RESULTS Thirteen patients (15.1%, 13/86) had seizures. Most patients had a severe phenotype. The mean age at first seizure onset was 2 years and 8 months. The most common seizure type was generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS), with 92.3% (12/13) induced by fever. Three patients were diagnosed with epilepsy. Most patients did not take any medicine. A few patients had irregular use of antiseizure medications (ASMs). Of the 13 patients, seven patients were diagnosed with MEB, four patients with POMGNT1 mutations, two with ISPD mutations, and one with POMT1 mutation. Three patients were diagnosed with FCMD with FKTN mutations. Two patients were diagnosed with CMD-MR, one patient with ISPD mutation, and one with POMT1 mutation. One patient was diagnosed with LGMD with FKRP mutation. Nine patients underwent EEG examination, and eight patients had abnormal EEG results, including abnormal background activities in three patients, abnormal background activities combined with paroxysmal discharges in three patients, pure paroxysmal discharges in one patient and positive phase sharp waves in the occipital region in one patient. For radiology, brain MRI was available for 12 patients. The brain MRI of nine patients showed type II lissencephaly. Two patients showed cerebellar hypoplasia and brainstem hypoplasia. One patient had a normal brain MRI result. Patients with type II lissencephaly usually had abnormal background activities and paroxysmal discharges. CONCLUSION The seizure phenotype of dystroglycanopathy (DGP) is characterized by GTCS, which was the most common seizure type, while focal seizures and epileptic spasms could also occur in DGP patients. Most seizures were induced by fever. Seizures were relatively more frequent in severe phenotypes of DGP, such as FCMD and MEB. Abnormal background activities were the most common EEG patterns, which were closely related to type II lissencephaly.
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Sheikh MO, Capicciotti CJ, Liu L, Praissman J, Ding D, Mead DG, Brindley MA, Willer T, Campbell KP, Moremen KW, Wells L, Boons GJ. Cell surface glycan engineering reveals that matriglycan alone can recapitulate dystroglycan binding and function. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3617. [PMID: 35750689 PMCID: PMC9232514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Dystroglycan (α-DG) is uniquely modified on O-mannose sites by a repeating disaccharide (-Xylα1,3-GlcAβ1,3-)n termed matriglycan, which is a receptor for laminin-G domain-containing proteins and employed by old-world arenaviruses for infection. Using chemoenzymatically synthesized matriglycans printed as a microarray, we demonstrate length-dependent binding to Laminin, Lassa virus GP1, and the clinically-important antibody IIH6. Utilizing an enzymatic engineering approach, an N-linked glycoprotein was converted into a IIH6-positive Laminin-binding glycoprotein. Engineering of the surface of cells deficient for either α-DG or O-mannosylation with matriglycans of sufficient length recovers infection with a Lassa-pseudovirus. Finally, free matriglycan in a dose and length dependent manner inhibits viral infection of wildtype cells. These results indicate that matriglycan alone is necessary and sufficient for IIH6 staining, Laminin and LASV GP1 binding, and Lassa-pseudovirus infection and support a model in which it is a tunable receptor for which increasing chain length enhances ligand-binding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osman Sheikh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chantelle J Capicciotti
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, and Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jeremy Praissman
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dahai Ding
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel G Mead
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Tobias Willer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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20
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Gaertner A, Burr L, Klauke B, Brodehl A, Laser KT, Klingel K, Tiesmeier J, Schulz U, zu Knyphausen E, Gummert J, Milting H. Compound Heterozygous FKTN Variants in a Patient with Dilated Cardiomyopathy Led to an Aberrant α-Dystroglycan Pattern. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126685. [PMID: 35743126 PMCID: PMC9223741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fukutin encoded by FKTN is a ribitol 5-phosphate transferase involved in glycosylation of α-dystroglycan. It is known that mutations in FKTN affect the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan, leading to a dystroglycanopathy. Dystroglycanopathies are a group of syndromes with a broad clinical spectrum including dilated cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy. In this study, we reported the case of a patient with muscular dystrophy, early onset dilated cardiomyopathy, and elevated creatine kinase levels who was a carrier of the compound heterozygous variants p.Ser299Arg and p.Asn442Ser in FKTN. Our work showed that compound heterozygous mutations in FKTN lead to a loss of fully glycosylated α-dystroglycan and result in cardiomyopathy and end-stage heart failure at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gaertner
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (H.M.)
| | - Lidia Burr
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Baerbel Klauke
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Kai Thorsten Laser
- Zentrum für Angeborene Herzfehler, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (K.T.L.); (E.z.K.)
| | - Karin Klingel
- Kardiopathologie, Institut für Pathologie und Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Jens Tiesmeier
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Uwe Schulz
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Edzard zu Knyphausen
- Zentrum für Angeborene Herzfehler, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (K.T.L.); (E.z.K.)
| | - Jan Gummert
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (H.M.)
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21
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Go S, Sato C, Hane M, Go S, Kitajima K. Implication of N-glycolylneuraminic acid in regulation of cell adhesiveness of C2C12 myoblast cells during differentiation into myotube cells. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:619-631. [PMID: 35639196 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A transition of sialic acid (Sia) species on GM3 ganglioside from N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) takes place in mouse C2C12 myoblast cells during their differentiation into myotube cells. However, the meaning of this Sia transition remains unclear. This study thus aims to gain a functional insight into this phenomenon. The following lines of evidence show that the increased de novo synthesis of Neu5Gc residues in differentiating myoblast cells promotes adhesiveness of the cells, which is beneficial for promotion of differentiation. First, the Sia transition occurred even in the C2C12 cells cultured in serum-free medium, indicating that it happens through de novo synthesis of Neu5Gc. Second, GM3(Neu5Gc) was localized in myoblast cells, but not in myotube cells, and related to expression of the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (CMAH) gene. Notably, expression of CMAH precedes myotube formation not only in differentiating C2C12 cells, but also in mouse developing embryos. Since the myoblast cells were attached on the dish surface more strongly than the myotube cells, expression of GM3(Neu5Gc) may be related to the surface attachment of the myoblast cells. Third, exogenous Neu5Gc, but not Neu5Ac, promoted differentiation of C2C12 cells, thus increasing the number of cells committed to fuse with each other. Fourth, the CMAH-transfected C2C12 cells were attached on the gelatin-coated surface much more rapidly than the mock-cells, suggesting that the expression of CMAH promotes cell adhesiveness through the expression of Neu5Gc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Go
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaya Hane
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shinji Go
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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22
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Williams SE, Noel M, Lehoux S, Cetinbas M, Xavier RJ, Sadreyev RI, Scolnick EM, Smoller JW, Cummings RD, Mealer RG. Mammalian brain glycoproteins exhibit diminished glycan complexity compared to other tissues. Nat Commun 2022; 13:275. [PMID: 35022400 PMCID: PMC8755730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is essential to brain development and function, but prior studies have often been limited to a single analytical technique and excluded region- and sex-specific analyses. Here, using several methodologies, we analyze Asn-linked and Ser/Thr/Tyr-linked protein glycosylation between brain regions and sexes in mice. Brain N-glycans are less complex in sequence and variety compared to other tissues, consisting predominantly of high-mannose and fucosylated/bisected structures. Most brain O-glycans are unbranched, sialylated O-GalNAc and O-mannose structures. A consistent pattern is observed between regions, and sex differences are minimal compared to those in plasma. Brain glycans correlate with RNA expression of their synthetic enzymes, and analysis of glycosylation genes in humans show a global downregulation in the brain compared to other tissues. We hypothesize that this restricted repertoire of protein glycans arises from their tight regulation in the brain. These results provide a roadmap for future studies of glycosylation in neurodevelopment and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Williams
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maxence Noel
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Lehoux
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward M Scolnick
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert G Mealer
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Abstract
The web application O-Glycologue provides an online simulation of the biosynthetic enzymes of O-linked glycosylation, using a knowledge-based system described previously. Glycans can be imported in GlycoCT condensed format, or else as IUPAC condensed names, and passed as substrates to the enzymes, which are modeled as regular-expression-based substitutions on strings. The resulting networks of reactions can be exported as SBML. The effects of knocking out different sets of enzyme activities can be compared. A method is provided for predicting the enzymes required to produce a given substrate, using an O-glycan from human gastric mucin as an example. The system has been adapted to other systems of glycosylation enzymes, and an application to ganglioside oligosaccharide synthesis is demonstrated. O-Glycologue is available at https://glycologue.org/o/ .
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24
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Shelton GD, Minor KM, Guo LT, Friedenberg SG, Cullen JN, Hord JM, Venzke D, Anderson ME, Devereaux M, Prouty SJ, Handelman C, Campbell KP, Mickelson JR. Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy in a family of Labrador retrievers with a LARGE1 mutation. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:1169-1178. [PMID: 34654610 PMCID: PMC8963908 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-dystroglycan (αDG) is a highly glycosylated cell surface protein with a significant role in cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions in muscle. αDG interaction with extracellular ligands relies on the activity of the LARGE1 glycosyltransferase that synthesizes and extends the heteropolysaccharide matriglycan. Abnormalities in αDG glycosylation and formation of matriglycan are the pathogenic mechanisms for the dystroglycanopathies, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies. Muscle biopsies were evaluated from related 6-week-old Labrador retriever puppies with poor suckling, small stature compared to normal litter mates, bow-legged stance and markedly elevated creatine kinase activities. A dystrophic phenotype with marked degeneration and regeneration, multifocal mononuclear cell infiltration and endomysial fibrosis was identified on muscle cryosections. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array genotyping data on the family members identified three regions of homozygosity in 4 cases relative to 8 controls. Analysis of whole genome sequence data from one of the cases identified a stop codon mutation in the LARGE1 gene that truncates 40% of the protein. Immunofluorescent staining and western blotting demonstrated the absence of matriglycan in skeletal muscle and heart from affected dogs. Compared to control, LARGE enzyme activity was not detected. This is the first report of a dystroglycanopathy in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0709 United States.
| | - Katie M Minor
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 United States
| | - Ling T Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0709 United States
| | - Steven G Friedenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 United States
| | - Jonah N Cullen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 United States
| | - Jeffrey M Hord
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 United States
| | - David Venzke
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 United States
| | - Mary E Anderson
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 United States
| | - Megan Devereaux
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 United States
| | - Sally J Prouty
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 United States
| | - Caryl Handelman
- Veterinary Housecalls of Long Island, Commack, NY 11725 United States
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 United States
| | - James R Mickelson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 United States
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25
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Tanaka-Okamoto M, Hanzawa K, Murakami H, Mukai M, Miyamoto Y. Identification of β1-3 galactosylglucose-core free-glycans in human urine. Anal Biochem 2021; 641:114427. [PMID: 34688604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the precise structure of acidic free-glycans in human urine. In the present study, structural analysis of neutral free-glycans in urine was performed in fine detail. Urine samples were collected from 21 healthy volunteers and free-glycans extracted from the creatinine-adjusted urine and then fluorescently labeled with 2-aminopyridine. Neutral glycan profiling was achieved by a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, enzymatic digestion, and periodate cleavage. A total of 79 glycans were identified. Because the ABO-blood group antigen containing urinary neutral glycans are major components, profiling patterns were similar between individuals of the same ABO-group. The neutral glycans were composed of lactose-core (Galβ1-4Glc) glycans, type-II N-acetyllactosamine-core (GlcNAcβ1-4Glc) glycans, hexose oligomers, N-glycans and to our surprise β1-3 galactosylglucose-core (Galβ1-3Glc) glycans. Although glycans with a β1-3 galactosylglucose-core were identified as major components in urine, comprising structurally simple isomers of a lactose-core, the core structure has not previously been reported. The major β1-3 galactosylglucose-core glycans were Fucα1-2Galβ1-3(Fucα1-4)Glc, GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-3(Fucα1-4)Glc and Galα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-3(Fucα1-4)Glc, corresponding to H-, A-, and B-blood group antigens, respectively. Three lactosamine extended β1-3 galactosylglucose-core glycans were also detected as minor components. Elucidating the biosynthesis of β1-3 galactosylglucose will be crucial for understanding the in vivo function of these glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Tanaka-Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Ken Hanzawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroko Murakami
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Mikio Mukai
- Department of Medical Checkup, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
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26
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Chen XY, Song DY, Jiang L, Tan DD, Liu YD, Liu JY, Chang XZ, Xing GG, Toda T, Xiong H. Phenotype and Genotype Study of Chinese POMT2-Related α-Dystroglycanopathy. Front Genet 2021; 12:692479. [PMID: 34413876 PMCID: PMC8370027 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.692479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Alpha-dystroglycanopathy (α-DGP) is a subtype of muscular dystrophy caused by defects in the posttranslational glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG). Our study aimed to summarize the clinical and genetic features of POMT2-related α-DGP in a cohort of patients in China. Methods Pedigrees, clinical data, and laboratory tests of patients diagnosed with POMT2-related α-DGP were analyzed retrospectively. The pathogenicity of variants in POMT2 were predicted by bioinformatics software. The variants with uncertain significance were verified by further analysis. Results The 11 patients, comprising eight males and three females, were from nine non-consanguineous families. They exhibited different degrees of muscle weakness, ambulation, and intellectual impairment. Among them, three had a muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB)-like phenotype, five presented congenital muscular dystrophy with intellectual disability (CMD-ID), and three presented limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD). Overall, nine novel variants of POMT2, including two non-sense, one frameshift and six missense variants, were identified. The pathogenicity of two missense variants, c.1891G > C and c.874G > C, was uncertain based on bioinformatics software prediction. In vitro minigene analysis showed that c.1891G > C affects the splicing of POMT2. Immunofluorescence staining with the IIH6C4 antibody of muscle biopsy from the patient carrying the c.874G > C variant showed an apparent lack of expression. Conclusion This study summarizes the clinical and genetic characteristics of a cohort of POMT2-related α-DGP patients in China for the first time, expanding the mutational spectrum of the disease. Further study of the pathogenicity of some missense variants based on enzyme activity detection is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Yu Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Dan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-Yu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Zhi Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Gang Xing
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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27
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Uribe ML, Martín-Nieto J, Quereda C, Rubio-Fernández M, Cruces J, Janssen GMC, de Ru AH, van Veelen PA, Hensbergen PJ. Retinal Proteomics of a Mouse Model of Dystroglycanopathies Reveals Molecular Alterations in Photoreceptors. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3268-3277. [PMID: 34027671 PMCID: PMC8280732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Mutations in the POMT1 gene, encoding a protein O-mannosyltransferase
essential for α-dystroglycan
(α-DG) glycosylation, are frequently observed in a group of
rare congenital muscular dystrophies, collectively known as dystroglycanopathies.
However, it is hitherto unclear whether the effects seen in affected
patients can be fully ascribed to α-DG hypoglycosylation. To
study this, here we used comparative mass spectrometry-based proteomics
and immunofluorescence microscopy and investigated the changes in
the retina of mice in which Pomt1 is specifically
knocked out in photoreceptor cells. Our results demonstrate significant
proteomic changes and associated structural alteration in photoreceptor
cells of Pomt1 cKO mice. In addition to the effects
related to impaired α-DG O-mannosylation, we
observed morphological alterations in the outer segment that are associated
with dysregulation of a relatively understudied POMT1 substrate (KIAA1549),
BBSome proteins, and retinal stress markers. In conclusion, our study
provides new hypotheses to explain the phenotypic changes that are
observed in the retina of patients with dystroglycanopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Luz Uribe
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.,Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - José Martín-Nieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.,Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Quereda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Marcos Rubio-Fernández
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jesús Cruces
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - George M C Janssen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Hensbergen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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28
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The promiscuous binding pocket of SLC35A1 ensures redundant transport of CDP-ribitol to the Golgi. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100789. [PMID: 34015330 PMCID: PMC8192872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein α-dystroglycan helps to link the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. A unique glycan structure attached to this protein is required for its interaction with extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin. Up to now, this is the only mammalian glycan known to contain ribitol phosphate groups. Enzymes in the Golgi apparatus use CDP-ribitol to incorporate ribitol phosphate into the glycan chain of α-dystroglycan. Since CDP-ribitol is synthesized in the cytoplasm, we hypothesized that an unknown transporter must be required for its import into the Golgi apparatus. We discovered that CDP-ribitol transport relies on the CMP-sialic acid transporter SLC35A1 and the transporter SLC35A4 in a redundant manner. These two transporters are closely related, but bulky residues in the predicted binding pocket of SLC35A4 limit its size. We hypothesized that the large binding pocket SLC35A1 might accommodate the bulky CMP-sialic acid and the smaller CDP-ribitol, whereas SLC35A4 might only accept CDP-ribitol. To test this, we expressed SLC35A1 with mutations in its binding pocket in SLC35A1 KO cell lines. When we restricted the binding site of SLC35A1 by introducing the bulky residues present in SLC35A4, the mutant transporter was unable to support sialylation of proteins in cells but still supported ribitol phosphorylation. This demonstrates that the size of the binding pocket determines the substrate specificity of SLC35A1, allowing a variety of cytosine nucleotide conjugates to be transported. The redundancy with SLC35A4 also explains why patients with SLC35A1 mutations do not show symptoms of α-dystroglycan deficiency.
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29
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Karnam S, Skiba NP, Rao PV. Biochemical and biomechanical characteristics of dystrophin-deficient mdx 3cv mouse lens. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:165998. [PMID: 33127476 PMCID: PMC8323981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular and cellular basis for cataract development in mice lacking dystrophin, a scaffolding protein that links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, is poorly understood. In this study, we characterized lenses derived from the dystrophin-deficient mdx3cv mouse model. Expression of Dp71, a predominant isoform of dystrophin in the lens, was induced during lens fiber cell differentiation. Dp71 was found to co-distribute with dystroglycan, connexin-50 and 46, aquaporin-0, and NrCAM as a large cluster at the center of long arms of the hexagonal fibers. Although mdx3cv mouse lenses exhibited dramatically reduced levels of Dp71, only older lenses revealed punctate nuclear opacities compared to littermate wild type (WT) lenses. The levels of dystroglycan, syntrophin, and dystrobrevin which comprise the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC), and NrCAM, connexin-50, and aquaporin-0, were significantly lower in the lens membrane fraction of adult mdx3cv mice compared to WT mice. Additionally, decreases were observed in myosin light chain phosphorylation and lens stiffness together with a significant elevation in the levels of utrophin, a functional homolog of dystrophin in mdx3cv mouse lenses compared to WT lenses. The levels of perlecan and laminin (ligands of α-dystroglycan) remained normal in dystrophin-deficient lens fibers. Taken together, although mdx3cv mouse lenses exhibit only minor defects in lens clarity possibly due to a compensatory increase in utrophin, the noted disruptions of DAPC, stability, and organization of membrane integral proteins of fibers, and stiffness of mdx3cv lenses reveal the importance of dystrophin and DAPC in maintaining lens clarity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Karnam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nikolai P Skiba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ponugoti V Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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30
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Noor SI, Hoffmann M, Rinis N, Bartels MF, Winterhalter PR, Hoelscher C, Hennig R, Himmelreich N, Thiel C, Ruppert T, Rapp E, Strahl S. Glycosyltransferase POMGNT1 deficiency strengthens N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100433. [PMID: 33610554 PMCID: PMC7994789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in protein O-mannosylation lead to severe congenital muscular dystrophies collectively known as α-dystroglycanopathy. A hallmark of these diseases is the loss of the O-mannose-bound matriglycan on α-dystroglycan, which reduces cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Mutations in protein O-mannose β1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGNT1), which is crucial for the elongation of O-mannosyl glycans, have mainly been associated with muscle-eye-brain (MEB) disease. In addition to defects in cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, aberrant cell-cell adhesion has occasionally been observed in response to defects in POMGNT1. However, specific molecular consequences of POMGNT1 deficiency on cell-cell adhesion are largely unknown. We used POMGNT1 knockout HEK293T cells and fibroblasts from an MEB patient to gain deeper insight into the molecular changes in POMGNT1 deficiency. Biochemical and molecular biological techniques combined with proteomics, glycoproteomics, and glycomics revealed that a lack of POMGNT1 activity strengthens cell-cell adhesion. We demonstrate that the altered intrinsic adhesion properties are due to an increased abundance of N-cadherin (N-Cdh). In addition, site-specific changes in the N-glycan structures in the extracellular domain of N-Cdh were detected, which positively impact on homotypic interactions. Moreover, in POMGNT1-deficient cells, ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways are activated and transcriptional changes that are comparable with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are triggered, defining a possible molecular mechanism underlying the observed phenotype. Our study indicates that changes in cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and other EMT-related processes may contribute to the complex clinical symptoms of MEB or α-dystroglycanopathy in general and suggests that the impact of changes in O-mannosylation on N-glycosylation has been underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Ibne Noor
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Rinis
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus F Bartels
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick R Winterhalter
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Hoelscher
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - René Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany; glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nastassja Himmelreich
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruppert
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany; glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Strahl
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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31
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Chiapparino A, Grbavac A, Jonker HR, Hackmann Y, Mortensen S, Zatorska E, Schott A, Stier G, Saxena K, Wild K, Schwalbe H, Strahl S, Sinning I. Functional implications of MIR domains in protein O-mannosylation. eLife 2020; 9:61189. [PMID: 33357379 PMCID: PMC7759382 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-mannosyltransferases (PMTs) represent a conserved family of multispanning endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins involved in glycosylation of S/T-rich protein substrates and unfolded proteins. PMTs work as dimers and contain a luminal MIR domain with a β-trefoil fold, which is susceptive for missense mutations causing α-dystroglycanopathies in humans. Here, we analyze PMT-MIR domains by an integrated structural biology approach using X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy and evaluate their role in PMT function in vivo. We determine Pmt2- and Pmt3-MIR domain structures and identify two conserved mannose-binding sites, which are consistent with general β-trefoil carbohydrate-binding sites (α, β), and also a unique PMT2-subfamily exposed FKR motif. We show that conserved residues in site α influence enzyme processivity of the Pmt1-Pmt2 heterodimer in vivo. Integration of the data into the context of a Pmt1-Pmt2 structure and comparison with homologous β-trefoil – carbohydrate complexes allows for a functional description of MIR domains in protein O-mannosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonija Grbavac
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Ra Jonker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yvonne Hackmann
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sofia Mortensen
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ewa Zatorska
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schott
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunter Stier
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Krishna Saxena
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klemens Wild
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Strahl
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Sinning
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Greenig M, Melville A, Huntley D, Isalan M, Mielcarek M. Cross-Sectional Transcriptional Analysis of the Aging Murine Heart. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:565530. [PMID: 33102519 PMCID: PMC7545256 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.565530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease accounts for millions of deaths each year and is currently the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The aging process is clearly linked to cardiovascular disease, however, the exact relationship between aging and heart function is not fully understood. Furthermore, a holistic view of cardiac aging, linking features of early life development to changes observed in old age, has not been synthesized. Here, we re-purpose RNA-sequencing data previously-collected by our group, investigating gene expression differences between wild-type mice of different age groups that represent key developmental milestones in the murine lifespan. DESeq2's generalized linear model was applied with two hypothesis testing approaches to identify differentially-expressed (DE) genes, both between pairs of age groups and across mice of all ages. Pairwise comparisons identified genes associated with specific age transitions, while comparisons across all age groups identified a large set of genes associated with the aging process more broadly. An unsupervised machine learning approach was then applied to extract common expression patterns from this set of age-associated genes. Sets of genes with both linear and non-linear expression trajectories were identified, suggesting that aging not only involves the activation of gene expression programs unique to different age groups, but also the re-activation of gene expression programs from earlier ages. Overall, we present a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of cardiac gene expression patterns across the entirety of the murine lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Greenig
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Melville
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Huntley
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Isalan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Center for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Mielcarek
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Center for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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33
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Hamamura K, Hotta H, Murakumo Y, Shibuya H, Kondo Y, Furukawa K. SSEA-3 and 4 are not essential for the induction or properties of mouse iPS cells. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:393-396. [PMID: 32684574 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Stage-specific embryonic antigens (SSEA-1, 3, and 4) are carbohydrate antigens that have been used as markers of embryonic stem (ES) cells. However, the roles of these antigens in the establishment and maintenance of stemness of ES and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are still poorly understood. This study investigated the biological and functional significance of globo-series glycolipids such as SSEA-3 and 4 in mouse iPS cells induced from tail-tip fibroblasts (TTFs) of α1,4Gal-T-knockout mice (lacking SSEA-3 and 4). These iPS cells were induced by retroviral transduction of four factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) into TTFs, and colonies were picked up. Morphologically, the colonies resembled ES cells and were positive for alkaline phosphatase and ES cell markers. Furthermore, in vitro-differentiated induction experiments after embryoid body formation revealed that some colonies derived from α1, 4Gal-T knockout mice were able to differentiate into three germ layers. Three germ layers were also observed in teratomas from iPS cells derived from α1,4Gal-T-knockout mice. These results suggest that SSEA-3 and 4 are not essential, at least for the establishment and maintenance of stemness of mouse iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Hamamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Hiroshi Hotta
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Hidenobu Shibuya
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuji Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences
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34
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Liu Y, Yu M, Shang X, Nguyen MHH, Balakrishnan S, Sager R, Hu H. Eyes shut homolog (EYS) interacts with matriglycan of O-mannosyl glycans whose deficiency results in EYS mislocalization and degeneration of photoreceptors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7795. [PMID: 32385361 PMCID: PMC7210881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in eyes shut homolog (EYS), a secreted extracellular matrix protein containing multiple laminin globular (LG) domains, and in protein O-mannose β1, 2-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase 1 (POMGnT1), an enzyme involved in O-mannosyl glycosylation, cause retinitis pigmentosa (RP), RP25 and RP76, respectively. How EYS and POMGnT1 regulate photoreceptor survival is poorly understood. Since some LG domain-containing proteins function by binding to the matriglycan moiety of O-mannosyl glycans, we hypothesized that EYS interacted with matriglycans as well. To test this hypothesis, we performed EYS Far-Western blotting assay and generated pomgnt1 mutant zebrafish. The results showed that EYS bound to matriglycans. Pomgnt1 mutation in zebrafish resulted in a loss of matriglycan, retention of synaptotagmin-1-positive EYS secretory vesicles within the outer nuclear layer, and diminished EYS protein near the connecting cilia. Photoreceptor density in 2-month old pomgnt1 mutant retina was similar to the wild-type animals but was significantly reduced at 6-months. These results indicate that EYS protein localization to the connecting cilia requires interaction with the matriglycan and that O-mannosyl glycosylation is required for photoreceptor survival in zebrafish. This study identified a novel interaction between EYS and matriglycan demonstrating that RP25 and RP76 are mechanistically linked in that O-mannosyl glycosylation controls targeting of EYS protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Miao Yu
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Xuanze Shang
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - My Hong Hoai Nguyen
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, 101 Broad St., Plattsburgh, New York, 12901, USA
| | - Shanmuganathan Balakrishnan
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Rachel Sager
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Huaiyu Hu
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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35
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Gençpınar P, Uyanık G, Haspolat Ş, Oygür N, Duman Ö. Clinical and Molecular Manifestations of Congenital Muscular Alpha-Dystroglycanopathy due to an ISPD Gene Mutation. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-020-09831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Cheung JK, Adams V, D'Souza D, James M, Day CJ, Jennings MP, Lyras D, Rood JI. The EngCP endo α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase is a virulence factor involved in Clostridium perfringens gas gangrene infections. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151398. [PMID: 31987726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of human clostridial myonecrosis; the major toxins involved in this disease are α-toxin and perfringolysin O. The RevSR two-component regulatory system has been shown to be involved in regulating virulence in a mouse myonecrosis model. Previous microarray and RNAseq analysis of a revR mutant implied that factors other than the major toxins may play a role in virulence. The RNAseq data showed that the expression of the gene encoding the EngCP endo α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (CPE0693) was significantly down-regulated in a revR mutant. Enzymes from this family have been identified in several Gram-positive pathogens and have been postulated to contribute to their virulence. In this study, we constructed an engCP mutant of C. perfringens and showed that it was significantly less virulent than its wild-type parent strain. Virulence was restored by complementation in trans with the wild-type engCP gene. We also demonstrated that purified EngCP was able to hydrolyse α-dystroglycan derived from C2C12 mouse myotubes. However, EngCP had little effect on membrane permeability in mice, suggesting that EngCP may play a role other than the disruption of the structural integrity of myofibres. Glycan array analysis indicated that EngCP could recognise structures containing the monosaccharide N-acetlygalactosamine at 4C, but could recognise structures terminating in galactose, glucose and N-acetylglucosamine under conditions where EngCP was enzymatically active. In conclusion, we have obtained evidence that EngCP is required for virulence in C. perfringens and, although classical exotoxins are important for disease, we have now shown that an O-glycosidase also plays an important role in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie K Cheung
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Vicki Adams
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Danielle D'Souza
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Meagan James
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher J Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Julian I Rood
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia.
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37
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Kuwabara N, Imae R, Manya H, Tanaka T, Mizuno M, Tsumoto H, Kanagawa M, Kobayashi K, Toda T, Senda T, Endo T, Kato R. Crystal structures of fukutin-related protein (FKRP), a ribitol-phosphate transferase related to muscular dystrophy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:303. [PMID: 31949166 PMCID: PMC6965139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Dystroglycan (α-DG) is a highly-glycosylated surface membrane protein. Defects in the O-mannosyl glycan of α-DG cause dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies. The core M3 O-mannosyl glycan contains tandem ribitol-phosphate (RboP), a characteristic feature first found in mammals. Fukutin and fukutin-related protein (FKRP), whose mutated genes underlie dystroglycanopathy, sequentially transfer RboP from cytidine diphosphate-ribitol (CDP-Rbo) to form a tandem RboP unit in the core M3 glycan. Here, we report a series of crystal structures of FKRP with and without donor (CDP-Rbo) and/or acceptor [RboP-(phospho-)core M3 peptide] substrates. FKRP has N-terminal stem and C-terminal catalytic domains, and forms a tetramer both in crystal and in solution. In the acceptor complex, the phosphate group of RboP is recognized by the catalytic domain of one subunit, and a phosphate group on O-mannose is recognized by the stem domain of another subunit. Structure-based functional studies confirmed that the dimeric structure is essential for FKRP enzymatic activity. Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) catalyses the addition of ribitol-phosphate (RboP) to the O-mannosyl glycan of α-dystroglycan and mutations in FKRP cause dystroglycanopathy. Here the authors provide insights into its oligomerization and recognition of the substrates, CDP-Rbo and the RboP-(phospho-)core M3 glycan, by determining the crystal structures of human FKRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kuwabara
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Rieko Imae
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Manya
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0003, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mizuno
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsumoto
- Proteome Research, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Motoi Kanagawa
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.,School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Tamao Endo
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan. .,School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.
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biAb Mediated Restoration of the Linkage between Dystroglycan and Laminin-211 as a Therapeutic Approach for α-Dystroglycanopathies. Mol Ther 2019; 28:664-676. [PMID: 31843448 PMCID: PMC7001080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with α-dystroglycanopathies, a subgroup of rare congenital muscular dystrophies, present with a spectrum of clinical manifestations that includes muscular dystrophy as well as CNS and ocular abnormalities. Although patients with α-dystroglycanopathies are genetically heterogeneous, they share a common defect of aberrant post-translational glycosylation modification of the dystroglycan alpha-subunit, which renders it defective in binding to several extracellular ligands such as laminin-211 in skeletal muscles, agrin in neuromuscular junctions, neurexin in the CNS, and pikachurin in the eye, leading to various symptoms. The genetic heterogeneity associated with the development of α-dystroglycanopathies poses significant challenges to developing a generalized treatment to address the spectrum of genetic defects. Here, we propose the development of a bispecific antibody (biAb) that functions as a surrogate molecular linker to reconnect laminin-211 and the dystroglycan beta-subunit to ameliorate sarcolemmal fragility, a primary pathology in patients with α-dystroglycan-related muscular dystrophies. We show that the treatment of LARGEmyd-3J mice, an α-dystroglycanopathy model, with the biAb improved muscle function and protected muscles from exercise-induced damage. These results demonstrate the viability of a biAb that binds to laminin-211 and dystroglycan simultaneously as a potential treatment for patients with α-dystroglycanopathy.
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Gao T, Yan J, Liu CC, Palma AS, Guo Z, Xiao M, Chen X, Liang X, Chai W, Cao H. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of O-Mannose Glycans Containing Sulfated or Nonsulfated HNK-1 Epitope. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19351-19359. [PMID: 31738061 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) epitope is a unique sulfated trisaccharide sequence presented on O- and N-glycans of various glycoproteins and on glycolipids. It is overexpressed in the nervous system and plays crucial roles in nerve regeneration, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal diseases. However, the investigation of functional roles of HNK-1 in a more complex glycan context at the molecular level remains a big challenge due to lack of access to related structurally well-defined complex glycans. Herein, we describe a highly efficient chemoenzymatic approach for the first collective synthesis of HNK-1-bearing O-mannose glycans with different branching patterns, and for their nonsulfated counterparts. The successful strategy relies on both chemical glycosylation of a trisaccharide lactone donor for the introduction of sulfated HNK-1 branch and substrate promiscuities of bacterial glycosyltransferases that can tolerate sulfated substrates for enzymatic diversification. Glycan microarray analysis with the resulting complex synthetic glycans demonstrated their recognition by two HNK-1-specific antibodies including anti-HNK-1/N-CAM (CD57) and Cat-315, which provided further evidence for the recognition epitopes of these antibodies and the essential roles of the sulfate group for HNK-1 glycan-antibody recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Chang-Cheng Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Angelina S Palma
- UCIBIO, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , NOVA University of Lisbon , Caparica 2829-516 , Portugal
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Wengang Chai
- The Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) , Qingdao 266237 , China
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40
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Arvio M, Määttänen L, Haanpää M, Lähdetie J. Two middle-aged women with the Finnish variant of muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB). Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2481-2485. [PMID: 31580529 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB) is a recessively inherited rare disease. Sixteen different gene mutations are known, with the most common mutations in the POMGNT1 gene. The disease is now called congenital muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type A3 (MDDGA3). It manifests itself as muscular dystrophy with eye and brain anomalies and intellectual disability. Previous clinical reports describe young patients. We have been able to follow two patients for almost 40 years. Their clinical picture has remained quite stable since adolescence, appearing as severe intellectual and motor disability, extremely limited communication skills, visual impairment, epilepsy, joint contractures, repeated bowel obstructions, teeth abrasion due to bruxism, an irregular sleep pattern and as a previously unreported feature hypothermic periods manifesting as excessive sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arvio
- Päijät-Häme Joint Municipal Authority, Neurology, Lahti, Finland.,Department of Genomics and Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,PEDEGO, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Southwest Special Care Municipal Authority, Paimio, Finland
| | - Laura Määttänen
- Department of Public Health, Turku Clinical Research Centre, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Haanpää
- Department of Genomics and Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Lähdetie
- Department of Child Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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41
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Characterization of dystroglycan binding in adhesion of human induced pluripotent stem cells to laminin-511 E8 fragment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13037. [PMID: 31506597 PMCID: PMC6737067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) grow indefinitely in culture and have the potential to regenerate various tissues. In the development of cell culture systems, a fragment of laminin-511 (LM511-E8) was found to improve the proliferation of stem cells. The adhesion of undifferentiated cells to LM511-E8 is mainly mediated through integrin α6β1. However, the involvement of non-integrin receptors remains unknown in stem cell culture using LM511-E8. Here, we show that dystroglycan (DG) is strongly expressed in hiPSCs. The fully glycosylated DG is functionally active for laminin binding, and although it has been suggested that LM511-E8 lacks DG binding sites, the fragment does weakly bind to DG. We further identified the DG binding sequence in LM511-E8, using synthetic peptides, of which, hE8A5-20 (human laminin α5 2688–2699: KTLPQLLAKLSI) derived from the laminin coiled-coil domain, exhibited DG binding affinity and cell adhesion activity. Deletion and mutation studies show that LLAKLSI is the active core sequence of hE8A5-20, and that, K2696 is a critical amino acid for DG binding. We further demonstrated that hiPSCs adhere to hE8A5-20-conjugated chitosan matrices. The amino acid sequence of DG binding peptides would be useful to design substrata for culture system of undifferentiated and differentiated stem cells.
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42
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Taylor ME, Drickamer K. Mammalian sugar-binding receptors: known functions and unexplored roles. FEBS J 2019; 286:1800-1814. [PMID: 30657247 PMCID: PMC6563452 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian glycan-binding receptors, sometimes known as lectins, interact with glycans, the oligosaccharide portions of endogenous mammalian glycoproteins and glycolipids as well as sugars on the surfaces of microbes. These receptors guide glycoproteins out of and back into cells, facilitate communication between cells through both adhesion and signaling, and allow the innate immune system to respond quickly to viral, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens. For many of the roughly 100 glycan-binding receptors that are known in humans, there are good descriptions of what types of glycans they bind and how selectivity for these ligands is achieved at the molecular level. In some cases, there is also comprehensive evidence for the roles that the receptors play at the cellular and organismal levels. In addition to highlighting these well-understood paradigms for glycan-binding receptors, this review will suggest where gaps remain in our understanding of the physiological functions that they can serve.
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43
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Borisovna KO, Yurievna KA, Yurievich TK, Igorevna KO, Olegovich KD, Igorevna DA, Timofeevna BT, Vyacheslavovna ZN, Ivanovna SE, Alekseevich SP, Vladimirovich IV. Compound heterozygous POMGNT1 mutations leading to muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type A3: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:98. [PMID: 30961548 PMCID: PMC6454623 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dystroglycanopathies, which are caused by reduced glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan, are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by variable brain and skeletal muscle involvement. Muscle-eye-brain disease (or muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type 3 A) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital muscular dystrophy, ocular abnormalities, and lissencephaly. Case presentation We report clinical and genetic characteristics of a 6-year-old boy affected by muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy. He has severe a delay in psychomotor and speech development, muscle hypotony, congenital myopia, partial atrophy of the optic nerve disc, increased level of creatine kinase, primary-muscle lesion, polymicrogyria, ventriculomegaly, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, cysts of the cerebellum. Exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in POMGNT1 gene (transcript NM_001243766.1): c.1539 + 1G > A and c.385C > T. Conclusions The present case report shows diagnostic algorithm step by step and helps better understand the clinical and genetic features of congenital muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondakova Olga Borisovna
- Scientific and Practical Centre of Pediatric psychoneurology of Moscow Healthcare Department, Michurinsky prospect, 74, 119602, Moscow, Russia
| | - Krasnenko Anna Yurievna
- Genotek Ltd, Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, 105120, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova street 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Korostin Dmitriy Olegovich
- Genotek Ltd, Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, 105120, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova street 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Batysheva Tatyana Timofeevna
- Scientific and Practical Centre of Pediatric psychoneurology of Moscow Healthcare Department, Michurinsky prospect, 74, 119602, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Shatalov Peter Alekseevich
- Genotek Ltd, Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, 105120, Moscow, Russia.,Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Taldomskaya str 2, 125412, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilinsky Valery Vladimirovich
- Genotek Ltd, Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, 105120, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova street 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya street 10 building 8, 119121, Moscow, Russia.,Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Gubkina street 3, 119333, Moscow, Russia
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44
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Sudo A, Kanagawa M, Kondo M, Ito C, Kobayashi K, Endo M, Minami Y, Aiba A, Toda T. Temporal requirement of dystroglycan glycosylation during brain development and rescue of severe cortical dysplasia via gene delivery in the fetal stage. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1174-1185. [PMID: 29360985 PMCID: PMC6159531 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscle. In several forms of CMD, abnormal glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG) results in conditions collectively known as dystroglycanopathies, which are associated with central nervous system involvement. We recently demonstrated that fukutin, the gene responsible for Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, encodes the ribitol-phosphate transferase essential for dystroglycan function. Brain pathology in patients with dystroglycanopathy typically includes cobblestone lissencephaly, mental retardation, and refractory epilepsy; however, some patients exhibit average intelligence, with few or almost no structural defects. Currently, there is no effective treatment for dystroglycanopathy, and the mechanisms underlying the generation of this broad clinical spectrum remain unknown. Here, we analysed four distinct mouse models of dystroglycanopathy: two brain-selective fukutin conditional knockout strains (neuronal stem cell-selective Nestin-fukutin-cKO and forebrain-selective Emx1-fukutin-cKO), a FukutinHp strain with the founder retrotransposal insertion in the fukutin gene, and a spontaneous Large-mutant Largemyd strain. These models exhibit variations in the severity of brain pathology, replicating the clinical heterogeneity of dystroglycanopathy. Immunofluorescence analysis of the developing cortex suggested that residual glycosylation of α-DG at embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5), when cortical dysplasia is not yet apparent, may contribute to subsequent phenotypic heterogeneity. Surprisingly, delivery of fukutin or Large into the brains of mice at E12.5 prevented severe brain malformation in Emx1-fukutin-cKO and Largemyd/myd mice, respectively. These findings indicate that spatiotemporal persistence of functionally glycosylated α-DG may be crucial for brain development and modulation of glycosylation during the fetal stage could be a potential therapeutic strategy for dystroglycanopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sudo
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Motoi Kanagawa
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mai Kondo
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Chiyomi Ito
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Endo
- Division of Cell Physiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Minami
- Division of Cell Physiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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45
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ENDO T. Mammalian O-mannosyl glycans: Biochemistry and glycopathology. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2019; 95:39-51. [PMID: 30643095 PMCID: PMC6395781 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.95.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important posttranslational modification in mammals. The glycans of glycoproteins are classified into two groups, namely, N-glycans and O-glycans, according to their glycan-peptide linkage regions. Recently, O-mannosyl glycan, an O-glycan, has been shown to be important in muscle and brain development. A clear relationship between O-mannosyl glycans and the pathomechanisms of some congenital muscular dystrophies has been established in humans. Ribitol-5-phosphate is a newly identified glycan component in mammals, and its biosynthetic pathway has been elucidated. The discovery of new glycan structures and the identification of highly regulated mechanisms of glycan processing will help researchers to understand glycan functions and develop therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamao ENDO
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: T. Endo, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan (e-mail: )
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46
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Xu B, Magli A, Anugrah Y, Koester SJ, Perlingeiro RCR, Shen W. Nanotopography-responsive myotube alignment and orientation as a sensitive phenotypic biomarker for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Biomaterials 2018; 183:54-66. [PMID: 30149230 PMCID: PMC6239205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal genetic disorder currently having no cure. Here we report that culture substrates patterned with nanogrooves and functionalized with Matrigel (or laminin) present an engineered cell microenvironment to allow myotubes derived from non-diseased, less-affected DMD, and severely-affected DMD human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to exhibit prominent differences in alignment and orientation, providing a sensitive phenotypic biomarker to potentially facilitate DMD drug development and early diagnosis. We discovered that myotubes differentiated from myogenic progenitors derived from non-diseased hiPSCs align nearly perpendicular to nanogrooves, a phenomenon not reported previously. We further found that myotubes derived from hiPSCs of a dystrophin-null DMD patient orient randomly, and those from hiPSCs of a patient carrying partially functional dystrophin align approximately 14° off the alignment direction of non-diseased myotubes. Substrates engineered with micron-scale grooves and/or cell adhesion molecules only interacting with integrins all guide parallel myotube alignment to grooves and lose the ability to distinguish different cell types. Disruption of the interaction between the Dystrophin-Associated-Protein-Complex (DAPC) and laminin by heparin or anti-α-dystroglycan antibody IIH6 disenables myotubes to align perpendicular to nanogrooves, suggesting that this phenotype is controlled by the DAPC-mediated cytoskeleton-extracellular matrix linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alessandro Magli
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yoska Anugrah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven J Koester
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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47
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Whitlock JM, Yu K, Cui YY, Hartzell HC. Anoctamin 5/TMEM16E facilitates muscle precursor cell fusion. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:1498-1509. [PMID: 30257928 PMCID: PMC6219693 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2L arises from mutations in the anoctamin ANO5, whose role in muscle physiology is unknown. Whitlock et al. show that loss of ANO5 perturbs phosphatidylserine exposure and cell–cell fusion in muscle precursor cells, which is an essential step in muscle repair. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2L (LGMD2L) is a myopathy arising from mutations in ANO5; however, information about the contribution of ANO5 to muscle physiology is lacking. To explain the role of ANO5 in LGMD2L, we previously hypothesized that ANO5-mediated phospholipid scrambling facilitates cell–cell fusion of mononucleated muscle progenitor cells (MPCs), which is required for muscle repair. Here, we show that heterologous overexpression of ANO5 confers Ca2+-dependent phospholipid scrambling to HEK-293 cells and that scrambling is associated with the simultaneous development of a nonselective ionic current. MPCs isolated from adult Ano5−/− mice exhibit defective cell fusion in culture and produce muscle fibers with significantly fewer nuclei compared with controls. This defective fusion is associated with a decrease of Ca2+-dependent phosphatidylserine exposure on the surface of Ano5−/− MPCs and a decrease in the amplitude of Ca2+-dependent outwardly rectifying ionic currents. Viral introduction of ANO5 in Ano5−/− MPCs restores MPC fusion competence, ANO5-dependent phospholipid scrambling, and Ca2+-dependent outwardly rectifying ionic currents. ANO5-rescued MPCs produce myotubes having numbers of nuclei similar to wild-type controls. These data suggest that ANO5-mediated phospholipid scrambling or ionic currents play an important role in muscle repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred M Whitlock
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yuan Yuan Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - H Criss Hartzell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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48
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Serafini PR, Feyder MJ, Hightower RM, Garcia-Perez D, Vieira NM, Lek A, Gibbs DE, Moukha-Chafiq O, Augelli-Szafran CE, Kawahara G, Widrick JJ, Kunkel LM, Alexander MS. A limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2I model of muscular dystrophy identifies corrective drug compounds for dystroglycanopathies. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120493. [PMID: 30232282 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are a powerful tool for studying muscle function owing to their high numbers of offspring, low maintenance costs, evolutionarily conserved muscle functions, and the ability to rapidly take up small molecular compounds during early larval stages. Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) is a putative protein glycosyltransferase that functions in the Golgi apparatus to modify sugar chain molecules of newly translated proteins. Patients with mutations in the FKRP gene can have a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms with varying muscle, eye, and brain pathologies depending on the location of the mutation in the FKRP protein. Patients with a common L276I FKRP mutation have mild adult-onset muscle degeneration known as limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2I (LGMD2I), whereas patients with more C-terminal pathogenic mutations develop the severe Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS)/muscle-eye-brain (MEB) disease. We generated fkrp-mutant zebrafish that phenocopy WWS/MEB pathologies including severe muscle breakdowns, head malformations, and early lethality. We have also generated a milder LGMD2I-model zebrafish via overexpression of a heat shock-inducible human FKRP (L276I) transgene that shows milder muscle pathology. Screening of an FDA-approved drug compound library in the LGMD2I zebrafish revealed a strong propensity towards steroids, antibacterials, and calcium regulators in ameliorating FKRP-dependent pathologies. Together, these studies demonstrate the utility of the zebrafish to both study human-specific FKRP mutations and perform compound library screenings for corrective drug compounds to treat muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Serafini
- Division of Genetics and Genomics at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael J Feyder
- Division of Genetics and Genomics at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rylie M Hightower
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Daniela Garcia-Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Natássia M Vieira
- Division of Genetics and Genomics at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela Lek
- Division of Genetics and Genomics at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Devin E Gibbs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Genri Kawahara
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeffrey J Widrick
- Division of Genetics and Genomics at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Louis M Kunkel
- Division of Genetics and Genomics at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew S Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Genetics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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49
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Sato T, Takano R, Tokunaka K, Saiga K, Tomura A, Sugihara H, Hayashi T, Imamura Y, Morita M. Type VI collagen α1 chain polypeptide in non-triple helical form is an alternative gene product of COL6A1. J Biochem 2018; 164:173-181. [PMID: 29659864 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of type IV collagen α1 chain in non-triple helical form, NTH α1(IV), is observed in cultured human cells, human placenta and rabbit tissues. Biological functions of NTH α1(IV) are most likely to be distinct from type IV collagen, since their biochemical characteristics are quite different. To explore the biological functions of NTH α1(IV), we prepared some anti-NTH α1(IV) antibodies. In the course of characterization of these antibodies, one antibody, #141, bound to a polypeptide of 140 kDa in size in addition to NTH α1(IV). In this study, we show evidence that the 140 kDa polypeptide is a novel non-triple helical polypeptide of type VI collagen α1 chain encoded by COL6A1, or NTH α1(VI). Expression of NTH α1(VI) is observed in supernatants of several human cancer cell lines, suggesting that the NTH α1(VI) might be involved in tumourigenesis. Reactivity with lectins indicates that sugar chains of NTH α1(VI) are different from those of the α1(VI) chain in triple helical form of type VI collagen, suggesting a synthetic mechanism and a mode of action of NTH α1(VI) is different from type VI collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Sato
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd, 3-31-12, Shimo, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0042, Japan
| | - Ryo Takano
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2655-1, Nakanomachi, Hachioji city, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tokunaka
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd, 3-31-12, Shimo, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0042, Japan
| | - Kan Saiga
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd, 3-31-12, Shimo, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0042, Japan
| | - Arihiro Tomura
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd, 3-31-12, Shimo, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0042, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sugihara
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd, 3-31-12, Shimo, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0042, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yasutada Imamura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2655-1, Nakanomachi, Hachioji city, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Makoto Morita
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd, 3-31-12, Shimo, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0042, Japan
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50
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Straub V, Murphy A, Udd B, Corrado A, Aymé S, Bönneman C, de Visser M, Hamosh A, Jacobs L, Khizanishvili N, Kroneman M, Laflorêt P, Murphy A, Nigro V, Rufibach L, Sarkozy A, Swanepoel S, Torrente I, Udd B, Urtizberea A, Vissing J, Walter M. 229th ENMC international workshop: Limb girdle muscular dystrophies – Nomenclature and reformed classification Naarden, the Netherlands, 17–19 March 2017. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:702-710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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