1
|
Rodrigues TM, de Almeida AR, de Nicolai J, dos Santos IS, Machado SR. Interconnected idioblasts in Peltaea polymorpha: a novel component of the mucilage-secretory apparatus in Malvaceae. AOB PLANTS 2025; 17:plae063. [PMID: 39876986 PMCID: PMC11773387 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Abstract
The anatomical and cytological characteristics of the mucilage-secretory system have been widely studied in Malvaceae. However, conflicting information regarding the morphological nature of secretory structures exists, and some remain poorly understood. In this sense, some secretory structures in Malvaceae are not characterized as typical isolated idioblasts, canals, or cavities. Here, we describe a novel component of the mucilage-secretory apparatus in the Malvaceae family. Samples of the shoot apex, mature stem and fully expanded leaves were obtained from adult Peltaea polymorpha, which grow in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna). The samples were processed using standard light and transmission electron microscopy methods. Mucilage cells occurred in the cortex and pith of petioles and stems, and in the midrib of leaves. These cells originate early in the stem apex from successive divisions of cells of the fundamental meristem, resulting in a row of interconnected secretory cells enveloped by a sheath of parenchyma cells devoid of secretory activity. Mucilage is stored in both protoplast and apoplast. In the same row, some cells filled with mucilage become very swollen and compress the neighbouring idioblasts that become flattened. This phenomenon results in a sandwich panel structure consisting of the swollen transversal walls of adjacent cells. As the differentiation progresses, the transversal walls of the rowed mucilage cells became very swollen, multilayered, and porous. Cytoplasmic strands cross such transversal walls connecting rowed cells. Mucilage-secreting cells in P. polymorpha are interconnected idioblasts and represent a novel component of the mucilage-secretory apparatus in Malvaceae. These findings open new avenues for understanding the structure and dynamics of mucilage-secreting cells from a functional perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Maria Rodrigues
- Department of Biodiversity and Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Professor Antônio Celso Wagner Zagnin street, 250, District of Rubião Júnior, 18618-970, Botucatu City, São Paulo State, Brazil
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu and Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Aline Rodrigues de Almeida
- Department of Biodiversity and Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Professor Antônio Celso Wagner Zagnin street, 250, District of Rubião Júnior, 18618-970, Botucatu City, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Juan de Nicolai
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu and Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Igor Soares dos Santos
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu and Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Silvia Rodrigues Machado
- Department of Biodiversity and Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Professor Antônio Celso Wagner Zagnin street, 250, District of Rubião Júnior, 18618-970, Botucatu City, São Paulo State, Brazil
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu and Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
León-Martínez FM, Cano-Barrita PFDJ. Cactus mucilage: A review of its rheological and physicochemical properties and use as bio-admixture in building materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135111. [PMID: 39208881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The Portland cement industry is continuously exploring new admixture alternatives to manipulate building materials properties, including mechanical, rheological, and durability properties. Cactus mucilage is such an admixture alternative. This study reviews the literature on the use of cactus mucilage (specifically, prickly pear cactus) as a bioadmixture in building materials, particularly Portland-cement-based materials. Moreover, the influences on mechanical strength, rheology, and durability are examined. The results show that cactus mucilage, which has been used since ancient times in America, could enhance materials like lime-, Portland-cement-, and earth-based building materials.
Collapse
|
3
|
El-Nashar HAS, Taleb M, El-Shazly M, Zhao C, Farag MA. Polysaccharides (pectin, mucilage, and fructan inulin) and their fermented products: A critical analysis of their biochemical, gut interactions, and biological functions as antidiabetic agents. Phytother Res 2024; 38:662-693. [PMID: 37966040 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a globally metabolic endocrine syndrome marked by a deficiency of insulin secretion (type-1 DM) or glucose intolerance arising from insulin response impairment (type-2 DM) leading to abnormal glucose metabolism. With an increasing interest in natural dietary components for diabetes management, the identification of novel agents witnessed major discoveries. Plant-derived mucilage, pectin, and inulin are important non-starch polysaccharides that exhibit effective antidiabetic properties often termed soluble dietary fiber (SDF). SDF affects sugar metabolism through multiple mechanisms affecting glucose absorption and diffusion, modulation of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), ameliorating β-pancreatic cell dysfunction, and improving insulin release or sensitivity. Certain SDFs inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and influence the expression levels of genes related to glucose metabolism. This review is designed to discuss holistically and critically the antidiabetic effects of major SDF and their underlying mechanisms of action. This review should aid drug discovery approaches in developing novel natural antidiabetic drugs from SDF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Taleb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Hochberg U, Ding R, Xiong D, Dai Z, Zhao Q, Chen J, Ji S, Kang S. Elevated CO2 concentration increases maize growth under water deficit or soil salinity but with a higher risk of hydraulic failure. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:422-437. [PMID: 37715996 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change presents a challenge for plants to acclimate their water relations under changing environmental conditions, and may increase the risks of hydraulic failure under stress. In this study, maize plants were acclimated to two different CO2 concentrations ([CO2]; 400 ppm and 700 ppm) while under either water stress (WS) or soil salinity (SS) treatments, and their growth and hydraulic traits were examined in detail. Both WS and SS inhibited growth and had significant impacts on hydraulic traits. In particular, the water potential at 50% loss of stem hydraulic conductance (P50) decreased by 1 MPa in both treatments at 400 ppm. When subjected to elevated [CO2], the plants under both WS and SS showed improved growth by 7-23%. Elevated [CO2] also significantly increased xylem vulnerability (measured as loss of conductivity with decreasing xylem pressure), resulting in smaller hydraulic safety margins. According to the plant desiccation model, the critical desiccation degree (time×vapor pressure deficit) that the plants could tolerate under drought was reduced by 43-64% under elevated [CO2]. In addition, sensitivity analysis showed that P50 was the most important trait in determining the critical desiccation degree. Thus, our results demonstrated that whilst elevated [CO2] benefited plant growth under WS or SS, it also interfered with hydraulic acclimation, thereby potentially placing the plants at a higher risk of hydraulic failure and increased mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhou Liu
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Uri Hochberg
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 7505101, Israel
| | - Risheng Ding
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
| | - Dongliang Xiong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
| | - Shasha Ji
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
| | - Shaozhong Kang
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hameed A, Ghani N, Mughal TA, Abbas M, Abrar A, Javed H. Pharmacognostical evaluation and physiochemical analysis of Salsola Kali as medicinal plant. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1322-1332. [PMID: 36919921 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the largest genera Salsola include halophytic plants with therapeutic potential. For the treatment of various ailments, plants of the genus are acclaimed. Salsola kali is an important medicinal plant exhibiting specific phytochemical and biological makeup that is frequently overlooked. The current study aimed at the pharmacognostical evaluation of leaves and stem of Salsola kali to ensure the purity, quality, and efficacy of this valuable medicinal species. For the identification, evaluation and standardization of diagnostic attributes of intact and powdered material of Salsola kali leaves and stem, various methods including organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, and physicochemical analysis were employed. The plant was identified to possess significant characteristics with a view to authenticate drug. Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of aerial parts of Salsola kali manifested specialized anatomical features essential for the adaptability in dry-saline environment. Upon quantitative pharmacognostic analysis of powder of leaves and stem, the moisture content of 1.3% and 11.1%, respectively was found. The total ash (%) in leaves and stem was computed to be 65.95 and 85.3, respectively. The water soluble and alcohol soluble extractive values (%) were computed to be 79.38 and 75.4 in leaves and 78.0 and 76.8 in stem, respectively. The swelling index (cm) in leaves and stem was enumerated to be 0.8 and 0.5. The current study will be helpful in the quality check and authentication of various parts of Salsola kali that can be used as principal component of herbal medicine formulation. Based on various microscopic analyses, that is, Light Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy, the detailed description and valuable information on Salsola kali, a medicinal plant, has been provided. The present study can make a significant contribution in the literature as the findings may contribute to the determination of purity of Salsola kali for future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiza Hameed
- Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Ghani
- Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Aziz Mughal
- Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moneeza Abbas
- Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amina Abrar
- Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Houda Javed
- Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zare S, Mirlohi A, Sabzalian MR, Saeidi G, Koçak MZ, Hano C. Water Stress and Seed Color Interacting to Impact Seed and Oil Yield, Protein, Mucilage, and Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside Content in Cultivated Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1632. [PMID: 37111857 PMCID: PMC10141971 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a plant with a wide range of medicinal, health, nutritional, and industrial uses. This study assessed the genetic potential of yellow and brown seeds in thirty F4 families under different water conditions concerning seed yield, oil, protein, fiber, mucilage, and lignans content. Water stress negatively affected seed and oil yield, while it positively affected mucilage, protein, lignans, and fiber content. The total mean comparison showed that under normal moisture conditions, seed yield (209.87 g/m2) and most quality traits, including oil (30.97%), secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (13.89 mg/g), amino acids such as arginine (1.17%) and histidine (1.95%), and mucilage (9.57 g/100 g) were higher in yellow-seeded genotypes than the brown ones ((188.78 g/m2), (30.10%), (11.66 mg/g), (0.62%), (1.87%), and (9.35 g/100 g), respectively). Under water stress conditions, brown-seeded genotypes had a higher amount of fiber (16.74%), seed yield (140.04 g/m2), protein (239.02 mg. g-1), methionine (5.04%), and secondary metabolites such as secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (17.09 mg/g), while their amounts in families with yellow seeds were 14.79%, 117.33 g/m2, 217.12 mg. g-1, 4.34%, and 13.98 mg/g, respectively. Based on the intended food goals, different seed color genotypes may be appropriate for cultivation under different moisture environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zare
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran
| | - Aghafakhr Mirlohi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad R. Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Saeidi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran
| | - Mehmet Zeki Koçak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, 76000 Igdir, Turkey
| | - Christophe Hano
- Department of Chemical Biology, Eure & Loir Campus, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Aray H, Lan H. Characterization of leaf trichomes and their influence on surface wettability of Salsola ferganica, an annual halophyte in the desert. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13905. [PMID: 37005220 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms use functional surfaces to collect water from the atmosphere. Salsola ferganica Drob. is one of the most abundant plants in desert regions and thrives in extreme environments with multiple but limited water resources, including dew and fog; however, its mechanisms of water harvesting remain unclear. We investigated trichome structural characteristics and their influence on the surface wettability of S. ferganica leaves using a variety of approaches (scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, immunolabelling staining, X-ray diffractometry, and infrared spectroscopy). Microstructural observations revealed that the trichomes of S. ferganica presented a curved upper part, the 'spindle node'-like structure in the middle, and the micro-grooves structure in between; such unique structures may aid in capturing moisture from the air. The physicochemical characteristics of the trichome surface, including hydrophobic functional groups, hydrophilic pectins, and low crystallinity, may enhance the adhesion of water drops to trichomes. Furthermore, we discovered that the piliferous S. ferganica leaves were more effective in retaining water than the glabrous S. aralocaspica leaves, and the dense trichome layer exhibited a significantly unwettable surface (high contact angle with droplets), whereas the individual trichomes retained water effectively (more so under drought conditions). The combination of these two properties is consistent with the 'rose petal effect', which describes rough surfaces that are hydrophobic but exhibit high adhesion with water. These factors suggest that the evolutionary optimisation of water acquisition by coupling relevant microstructures with the physicochemical properties of trichomes enables S. ferganica to survive harsh conditions in the seedling stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Hanat Aray
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Haiyan Lan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Panchal P, Preece C, Peñuelas J, Giri J. Soil carbon sequestration by root exudates. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:749-757. [PMID: 35606255 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Root exudates are well-known 'labile' sources of soil carbon that can prime microbial activity. Recent investigations suggest that the stability of labile carbon inputs in soil mostly depends upon the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the surroundings. Here, we propose that, in some ecosystems, such as forests and grasslands, root exudates can function as a source of soil organic carbon (SOC) that can be stabilized through various mechanisms leading to long-term sequestration. Increasing soil carbon sequestration is important for capturing atmospheric CO2 and combating climate change issues. Thus, there is an urgent need to preserve existing ecosystems and to adopt strategies such as afforestation, reforestation, and establishment of artificial grasslands to foster carbon sequestration through higher root exudate inputs in the soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Panchal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Catherine Preece
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Langer M, Hegge E, Speck T, Speck O. Acclimation to wind loads and/or contact stimuli? A biomechanical study of peltate leaves of Pilea peperomioides. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1236-1252. [PMID: 34893822 PMCID: PMC8866637 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to various environmental stresses. Leaves immediately respond to mechano-stimulation, such as wind and touch, by bending and twisting or acclimate over a longer time period by thigmomorphogenetic changes of mechanical and geometrical properties. We selected the peltate leaves of Pilea peperomioides for a comparative analysis of mechano-induced effects on morphology, anatomy, and biomechanics of petiole and transition zone. The plants were cultivated for 6 weeks in a phytochamber divided into four treatment groups: control (no stimulus), touch stimulus (brushing every 30 s), wind stimulus (constant air flow of 4.6 m s-1), and a combination of touch and wind stimuli. Comparing the four treatment groups, neither the petiole nor the transition zone showed significant thigmomorphogenetic acclimations. However, comparing the petiole and the transition zone, the elastic modulus (E), the torsional modulus (G), the E/G ratio, and the axial rigidity (EA) differed significantly, whereas no significant difference was found for the torsional rigidity (GK). The twist-to-bend ratios (EI/GK) of all petioles ranged between 4.33 and 5.99, and of all transition zones between 0.67 and 0.78. Based on the twist-to-bend ratios, we hypothesize that bending loads are accommodated by the petiole, while torsional loads are shared between the transition zone and petiole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Langer
- Plant Biomechanics Group @ Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Hegge
- Plant Biomechanics Group @ Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group @ Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group @ Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Munir A, Youssef FS, Ishtiaq S, Kamran SH, Sirwi A, Ahmed SA, Ashour ML, Elhady SS. Malva parviflora Leaves Mucilage: An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Biopolymer with Antioxidant Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4251. [PMID: 34883753 PMCID: PMC8659702 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malva parviflora L. is an edible and medicinal herb containing mucilaginous cells in its leaves. Mucilage obtained from M. parviflora leaves (MLM) was extracted in distilled water (1:10 w/v) at 70 °C followed by precipitation with alcohol. Preliminary phytochemical tests were performed to assess the purity of the extracted mucilage. Results showed that the yield of mucilage was 7.50%, and it was free from starch, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, lipids and heavy metals. MLM had 16.19% carbohydrates, 13.55% proteins and 4.76% amino acids, which indicate its high nutritional value. Physicochemical investigations showed that MLM is neutral and water-soluble, having 5.84% moisture content, 15.60% ash content, 12.33 swelling index, 2.57 g/g water-holding capacity and 2.03 g/g oil-binding capacity. The functional properties, including emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, foaming capacity and stability increased with increased concentrations. Micromeritic properties, such as bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, Hausner ratio, and angle of repose, were found to be 0.69 g/cm3, 0.84 g/cm3, 17.86%, 1.22 and 28.5, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that MLM is an amorphous powder possessing particles of varying size and shape; meanwhile, rheological studies revealed the pseudoplastic behavior of MLM. The thermal transition process of MLM revealed by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram, occurring at a reasonable enthalpy change (∆H), reflects its good thermal stability. The presence of functional groups characteristic of polysaccharides was ascertained by the infrared (IR) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses. GC revealed the presence of five neutral monosaccharides; namely, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, glucose and mannose, showing 51.09, 10.24, 8.90, 1.80 and 0.90 mg/g of MLM, respectively. Meanwhile, galacturonic acid is the only detected acidic monosaccharide, forming 15.06 mg/g of MLM. It showed noticeable antioxidant activity against the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical with an IC50 value of 154.27 µg/mL. It also prevented oxidative damage to DNA caused by the Fenton reagent, as visualized in gel documentation system. The sun protection factor was found to be 10.93 ± 0.15 at 400 µg/mL. Thus, MLM can be used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry and as a therapeutic agent due to its unique properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ans Munir
- Department of Phrmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Department of Phrmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sairah H. Kamran
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Alaa Sirwi
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (S.S.E.)
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (S.S.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sivalingam PN, Mahajan MM, Satheesh V, Chauhan S, Changal H, Gurjar K, Singh D, Bhan C, Sivalingam A, Marathe A, Ram C, Dokka N, More TA, Padaria JC, Bhat KV, Mohapatra T. Distinct morpho-physiological and biochemical features of arid and hyper-arid ecotypes of Ziziphus nummularia under drought suggest its higher tolerance compared with semi-arid ecotype. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2063-2081. [PMID: 33929534 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tree species in the arid and semi-arid regions use various strategies to combat drought stress. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight et Arn., native to the Thar Desert in India, is highly drought-tolerant. To identify the most drought-tolerant ecotype of Z. nummularia, one ecotype each from semi-arid (Godhra, annual rainfall >750 mm), arid (Bikaner, 250-350 mm) and hyper-arid (Jaisalmer, <150 mm) regions was selected along with two other Ziziphus species, Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. and Ziziphus rotundifolia Lamk., and screened for parameters contributing to drought tolerance. Among these, Z. nummularia (Jaisalmer) (CIAHZN-J) was the most drought - tolerant. The tolerance nature of CIAHZN-J was associated with increased membrane stability, root length and number, length of hairs and thorns, root dry/fresh weight ratio, seed germination (at -0.5 MPa), proline content (31-fold), catalase and sugar content (two- to three-fold). Apart from these characteristics, it also exhibited the longest duration to reach highest cumulative drought stress rating, maintained higher relative water content for a longer period of time with reduced leaf size, leaf rolling and falling of older leaves, and displayed sustained shoot growth during drought stress. To determine drought tolerance in Ziziphus, we developed a morphological symptom-based screening technique in this study. Additionally, transcriptome profiling of CIAHZN-J in response to drought revealed the up-regulation of genes involved in sugar metabolism and transport, abscisic acid biosynthesis, osmoregulation, reactive oxygen species homeostasis and maintaining water potential. Expression profiles and semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR results further correlated with the physiological and biochemical mechanisms. In conclusion, CIAHZN-J is an excellent genetic stock for the identification of drought-responsive genes and can also be deployed in crop improvement programs for drought tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P N Sivalingam
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, NH-15 Sri Ganganagar Road, Beechwal, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006, India
- ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Baronda, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 493225, India
| | - Mahesh M Mahajan
- ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Baronda, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 493225, India
| | - Viswanathan Satheesh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (Previously: National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology), IARI Campus, PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sarita Chauhan
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, NH-15 Sri Ganganagar Road, Beechwal, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006, India
| | - Harish Changal
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, NH-15 Sri Ganganagar Road, Beechwal, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006, India
| | - Karun Gurjar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, NH-15 Sri Ganganagar Road, Beechwal, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006, India
| | - Dhurendra Singh
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, NH-15 Sri Ganganagar Road, Beechwal, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006, India
| | - Chander Bhan
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, NH-15 Sri Ganganagar Road, Beechwal, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006, India
| | - Anandhan Sivalingam
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune, Maharashtra 410 505, India
| | - Ashish Marathe
- ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Baronda, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 493225, India
| | - Chet Ram
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, NH-15 Sri Ganganagar Road, Beechwal, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006, India
| | - Narasimham Dokka
- ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Baronda, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 493225, India
| | - T A More
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, NH-15 Sri Ganganagar Road, Beechwal, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006, India
| | - J C Padaria
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (Previously: National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology), IARI Campus, PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - K V Bhat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, IARI Campus, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - T Mohapatra
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (Previously: National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology), IARI Campus, PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Structure, Distribution, Chemical Composition, and Gene Expression Pattern of Glandular Trichomes on the Leaves of Rhus potaninii Maxim. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147312. [PMID: 34298931 PMCID: PMC8303848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhus potaninii Maxim is an economically and medicinally important tree species in China. It produces galls (induced by aphids) with a high abundance of tannins. Here, we discuss the histology, cellular structures and their distribution, and the macromolecular components of secretive glandular trichomes on the leaves of R. potaninii. A variation in the density of glandular trichomes and tomenta was found between the adaxial and abaxial sides of a leaf in different regions and stages of the leaf. The glandular trichomes on R. potaninii trees comprise a stalk with no cellular structure and a head with 8-15 cells. Based on staining, we found that the secretion of glandular trichomes has many polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and acidic lipids but very few neutral lipids. The dense glandular trichomes provide mechanical protection for young tissues; additionally, their secretion protects the young tissues from pathogens by a special chemical component. According to transcriptome analysis, we found enhanced biosynthetic and metabolism pathways of glycan, lipids, toxic amino acids, and phenylpropanoids. This shows a similar tendency to the staining. The numbers of differentially expressed genes were large or small; the averaged range of upregulated genes was greater than that of the downregulated genes in most subpathways. Some selectively expressed genes were found in glandular trichomes, responsible for the chitinase activity and pathogenesis-related proteins, which all have antibacterial activity and serve for plant defense. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the components of the secretion from glandular trichomes on the leaf surface of R. potaninii.
Collapse
|
13
|
Callegari Ferrari R, Pires Bittencourt P, Yumi Nagumo P, Silva Oliveira W, Aurineide Rodrigues M, Hartwell J, Freschi L. Developing Portulaca oleracea as a model system for functional genomics analysis of C 4/CAM photosynthesis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:666-682. [PMID: 33256895 DOI: 10.1071/fp20202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previously regarded as an intriguing photosynthetic curiosity, the occurrence of C4 and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis within a single organism has recently emerged as a source of information for future biotechnological use. Among C4/CAM facultative species, Portulaca oleracea L. has been used as a model for biochemical and gene expression analysis of C4/CAM under field and laboratory conditions. In the present work, we focussed on developing molecular tools to facilitate functional genomics studies in this species, from the optimisation of RNA isolation protocols to a method for stable genetic transformation. Eleven variations of RNA extraction procedures were tested and compared for RNA quantity and quality. Also, 7 sample sets comprising total RNA from hormonal and abiotic stress treatments, distinct plant organs, leaf developmental stages, and subspecies were used to select, among 12 reference genes, the most stable reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis of each experimental condition. Furthermore, different explant sources, Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, and regeneration and antibiotic selection media were tested in various combinations to optimise a protocol for stable genetic transformation of P. oleracea. Altogether, we provide essential tools for functional gene analysis in the context of C4/CAM photosynthesis, including an efficient RNA isolation method, preferred reference genes for RT-qPCR normalisation for a range of experimental conditions, and a protocol to produce P. oleracea stable transformants using A. tumefaciens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Callegari Ferrari
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Priscila Pires Bittencourt
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Paula Yumi Nagumo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Willian Silva Oliveira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Maria Aurineide Rodrigues
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brasil
| | - James Hartwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brasil; and Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ribeiro C, Marinho C, Teixeira S. Uncovering the Neglected Floral Secretory Structures of Rhamnaceae and Their Functional and Systematic Significance. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040736. [PMID: 33918788 PMCID: PMC8070232 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhamnaceae flowers are notably recognized by their fleshy nectary. Other types of floral secretory structures have been scarcely reported for this family. Thus, the objective of the present study was to update the occurrence of these structures in the family and to contribute to the knowledge of their morphology and systematic significance. To this end, we carried out an extensive bibliographic search on the secretory structures of the family and obtained data for 257 taxa. Additionally, we presented here novel data (surface, anatomy, and ultrastructure) for six species belonging to the main clades within Rhamnaceae. The family has a wide diversity of types of mucilage-secreting structures: epidermis, hypodermis, idioblasts, cavities, and ducts. Mucilage and phenolic idioblasts are widely distributed among the floral organs. Colleters are present in all sampled species, and these are the first reports of their occurrence in floral organs of Rhamnaceae. The information obtained about the structure, secreted content, and occurrence of the secretory structures of Rhamnaceae helped us to understand the assertive folk use of its species. The absence of mucilage and the presence of resin or mucilage cavities and ducts in some taxa may have intrafamily systematic significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carimi Ribeiro
- Post-Graduate Program in Comparative Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil;
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Teixeira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-163602-4247
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Souza MAADE, Braga RP, Santos AMD, Rocha JF, Castro RN, Fernandes MS, Souza SRDE. Productive, metabolic and anatomical parameters of menthol mint are influenced by light intensity. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20180321. [PMID: 32609271 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020180321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cultivation of aromatic species to obtain essential oils has great economic importance, presenting an increasing demand from different industrial sectors, especially to menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.) essential oil, rich in menthol (70-80%). Consortium cultivation has been an important practice in agricultural systems whose land use is necessary, consequently promoting strong competition for light in reduced space. Thus, this study aimed verifying if different light intensities might promote chemical, metabolical and anatomical alterations in menthol mint. Plants were grown in greenhouse at different average of light intensities (137, 254, 406 and 543 µmol photons m2 s1). Samples were collected 43 days after germination and submitted to following analyses: Gravimetric test, photosynthetic pigments, soluble fractions, enzymatic activity, N-total, trichome density and histochemistry and chemometric test based on essential oil chemical profile. Fresh mass gain, trichome density, essential oil content and soluble sugars were positively influenced by light intensity increase. On the other hand, total-N, NO3--N and pigments content have decreased influenced by light intensity increase. In the secretion from the trichomes, phenolic substances were reported, as well as lipophilic ones in the peltate ones. The increase of oxygenated monoterpenes was favored by light intensity decrease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Andre A DE Souza
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro/UFRRJ, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas, BR 465, Km 7, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renan P Braga
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro/UFRRJ, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Solos, Laboratório de Nutrição Mineral de Plantas, BR 465, Km 7, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - AndrÉ M Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro/UFRRJ, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas, BR 465, Km 7, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joecildo F Rocha
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro/UFRRJ, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Botânica, BR 465, Km 7, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosane N Castro
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro/UFRRJ, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas, BR 465, Km 7, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Manlio S Fernandes
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro/UFRRJ, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Solos, Laboratório de Nutrição Mineral de Plantas, BR 465, Km 7, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sonia R DE Souza
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro/UFRRJ, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Bioquímica de Plantas, BR 465, Km 7, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Silveira AF, Mercadante-Simões MO, Ribeiro LM, Nunes YRF, Duarte LP, Lula IS, de Aguilar MG, de Sousa GF. Mucilaginous Secretions in the Xylem and Leaf Apoplast of the Swamp Palm Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (Arecaceae). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:609-621. [PMID: 32495729 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620001543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mauritia flexuosa palms inhabit wetland environments in the dry, seasonal Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) and produce mucilaginous secretions in the stem and petiole that have a medicinal value. The present study sought to characterize the chemical natures of those secretions and to describe the anatomical structures involved in their synthesis. Chemical analyzes of the secretions, anatomical, histochemical analyses, and electron microscopy studies were performed on the roots, stipes, petioles, and leaf blades. Stipe and petiole secretions are similar, and rich in cell wall polysaccharides and pectic compounds such as rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose, which are hydrophilic largely due to their hydroxyl and carboxylate groups. Mucilaginous secretions accumulate in the lumens of vessel elements and sclerenchyma fibers of the root, stipe, petiole, and foliar veins; their synthesis involves cell wall loosening and the activities of dictyosomes. The outer faces of the cell walls of the parenchyma tissue in the mesophyll expand to form pockets that rupture and release pectocellulose substances into the intercellular spaces. The presence of mucilage in the xylem, extending from the roots to the leaf veins and continuous with the leaf apoplast, and sub-stomatal chambers suggest a strategy for plant water economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Flávia Silveira
- Plant Anatomy Laboratory, General Biology Department, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros39401-089, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro
- Plant Micropropagation Laboratory, General Biology Department, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros39401-089, Brazil
| | - Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes
- Plant Ecology Laboratory, General Biology Department, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros39401-089, Brazil
| | - Lucienir Pains Duarte
- Medicinal Plants Study Center, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ivana Silva Lula
- Medicinal Plants Study Center, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana Guerra de Aguilar
- Medicinal Plants Study Center, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte31270-901, Brazil
| | - Grasiely Faria de Sousa
- Medicinal Plants Study Center, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte31270-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Analysis of the cuticular wax composition and ecophysiological studies in an arid plant - Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 27:318-323. [PMID: 31889853 PMCID: PMC6933168 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants in arid regions are exposed to various abiotic stresses and the presence of the waxy cuticular layer acts as a defensive barrier, which consists mainly of long chain fatty acids, hydrocarbons and other derived compounds. Studies on the chemical composition and properties of cuticles of arid plants are scanty. The present study deals with the analysis of cuticular wax composition and effect of temperature on some ecophysiological parameters of an important arid plant Ziziphus nummularia. A total of 59 different wax compounds were detected from the leaf cuticle by capillary GC-MS. 4-Hydroxycyclohexanone, Heptacosane and 2,7-Dimethyloctane-3,5-dione were the dominant wax compounds in Z. nummularia. The variation of photosynthetic rate varied from 0.70 to 7.70 µmol CO2 m-2s-1 against the studied temperature range of 15-55 °C. The transpiration rate varies from 1.80 to 8.40 mmol H2O m-2s-1 within the temperature range of 15-55 °C. The quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) also exhibited much variation due to the variation of temperature. The results clearly shows that Z. nummularia is highly adapted to restrict water loss and can tolerate high temperatures and can be considered as an appropriate species for vegetating the arid areas.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kumar SS, Girish Patil BG, Giridhar P. Mucilaginous polysaccharides from vegetative parts of Bixa orellana L.: Their characterization and antioxidant potential. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12747. [PMID: 31353545 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to extricate adhesive mucilaginous polysaccharides (MPS) from vegetative parts of Bixa orellana and furthermore to explore proximate analysis and antioxidant potentials. The ethanol precipitated mucilage concentrates of leaf holds 57.7% ± 3.2% moisture, 31.7 ± 1.61 g/100 g aggregate starch content, 23.6 ± 0.07 g/100 g reducing sugar content, 14.5 ± 2.0 g/100 g pentose content, 9.37 ± 0.56 g/100 g uronic acid substance, 10.6 ± 0.98 g/100 g total phenolic content, and 36.9 ± 0.52 mg/100 g total protein content. In contrasted with twigs, the leaves MPS demonstrated two folds increment in phenolic content. The sugar composition characteristics of MPS by gas liquid chromatography demonstrated a noteworthy content of xylose (163.5 ± 6.6 mg/100 g), mannose (17.2 ± 0.6 mg/100 g), and galactose (13.7 ± 0.4 mg/100 g) in leaf. The MPS extract of leaves exhibited a dose-dependent antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging ability. The data obtained in this study open a new avenue to further investigate the broad applications of these annatto dye yielding plant polysaccharides. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The mucilaginous polysaccharides (MPS) from plant sources are being used for different applications in food, pharma, and cosmetic enterprises. Nowadays there is a developing enthusiasm for MPS for their dietary and medicinal advantages. Particularly dietary polysaccharides are known to evoke immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we present the leaf and twig parts of Bixa orellana as rich sources of MPS, the MPS characterization and also antioxidant potential, which could substantiate B. orellana MPS as functional ingredients and furthermore in nourishment industry for expanding dairy foods consistency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandopu Sravan Kumar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | | | - Parvatam Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Spectroscopic and Structural Analyses of Opuntia Robusta Mucilage and Its Potential as an Edible Coating. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8120466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucilage extracted from the parenchymatous and chlorenchymatous tissues of Opuntia robusta were obtained using water or ethanol as the extraction solvent. The changes in the different tissues by using different extraction solvents were evaluated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy; in addition, the effect of mucilage coating on the various quality characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicum sculentum) was evaluated. The SEM results showed that the mucilage extracted from the parenchyma had a higher aggregation level that the mucilage extracted from the chlorenchyma. The presence of three characteristic bands of pectic substances in the FT-IR spectra between 1050 and 1120 cm−1 indicated that the mucilage extracted from the parenchymatous tissue had a higher content of pectic compounds than the mucilage extracted from the chlorenchymatous tissue. It was also observed in the Raman spectra that the level of pectic substances in the mucilage extracted from the parenchymatous was higher than that in the mucilage extracted from the chlorenchymatous tissue. The mucilage extracted from the parenchymatous tissue was more effective as an edible coating than the mucilage extracted from the chlorenchymatous tissue. Tomatoes covered with mucilage showed significantly enhanced firmness and reduced weight loss. The uncoated tomatoes showed higher lycopene content than the coated tomatoes on the 21st day. This study showed that the Opuntia robusta tissue and extraction solvent influence mucilage characteristics and that Opuntia robusta mucilage is a promising edible coating.
Collapse
|
20
|
He C, Zeng S, Teixeira da Silva JA, Yu Z, Tan J, Duan J. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of the phosphomannomutase (PMM) gene from Dendrobium officinale and evidence for the involvement of an abiotic stress response during germination. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1693-1704. [PMID: 27987037 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase (PMM, EC 5.4.2.8) catalyzes the interconversion of mannose-6-phosphate to mannose-1-phosphate, the precursor for the synthesis of GDP-mannose. In this study, the complementary DNA (cDNA) of the Phosphomannomutase (PMM) gene was initially cloned from Dendrobium officinale by RACE method. Transient transform result showed that the DoPMM protein was localized in the cytoplasm. The DoPMM gene was highly expressed in the stems of D. officinale both in vegetative and reproductive developmental stages. The putative promoter was cloned by TAIL-PCR and used for searched cis-elements. Stress-related cis-elements like ABRE, TCA-element, and MBS were found in the promoter regions. The DoPMM gene was up-regulated after treatment with abscisic acid, salicylic acid, cold, polyethylene glycol, and NaCl. The total ascorbic acid (AsA) and polysaccharide content in all of the 35S::DoPMM Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines #1, #2, and #5 showed a 40, 39, and 31% increase in AsA and a 77, 22, and 39% increase in polysaccharides, respectively more than wild-type (WT) levels. All three 35S::DoPMM transgenic lines exhibited a higher germination percentage than WT plants when seeded on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 150 mM NaCl or 300 mM mannitol. These results provide genetic evidence for the involvement of PMM genes in the biosynthesis of AsA and polysaccharides and the mediation of PMM genes in abiotic stress tolerance during seed germination in A. thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei He
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Songjun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | | | - Zhenming Yu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jianwen Tan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Henriques J, Ribeiro MJ, Falé PL, Pacheco R, Ascensão L, Florêncio MH, Serralheiro MLM. Valorization of kiwifruit production: leaves of the pruning branches of Actinidia deliciosa as a promising source of polyphenols. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
22
|
Płachno BJ, Kurczyńska E, Świątek P. Integument cell differentiation in dandelions (Taraxacum, Asteraceae, Lactuceae) with special attention paid to plasmodesmata. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1365-72. [PMID: 26454638 PMCID: PMC5009155 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to determine what happens with plasmodesmata when mucilage is secreted into the periplasmic space in plant cells. Ultrastructural analysis of the periendothelial zone mucilage cells was performed on examples of the ovule tissues of several sexual and apomictic Taraxacum species. The cytoplasm of the periendothelial zone cells was dense, filled by numerous organelles and profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum and active Golgi dictyosomes with vesicles that contained fibrillar material. At the beginning of the differentiation process of the periendothelial zone, the cells were connected by primary plasmodesmata. However, during the differentiation and the thickening of the cell walls (mucilage deposition), the plasmodesmata become elongated and associated with cytoplasmic bridges. The cytoplasmic bridges may connect the protoplast to the plasmodesmata through the mucilage layers in order to maintain cell-to-cell communication during the differentiation of the periendothelial zone cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Kurczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Silesia, 28 Jagiellońska St., 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, 9 Bankowa St., 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Regulation of the rhaEWRBMA Operon Involved in l-Rhamnose Catabolism through Two Transcriptional Factors, RhaR and CcpA, in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 2015; 198:830-45. [PMID: 26712933 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00856-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Bacillus subtilis rhaEWRBMA (formerly yuxG-yulBCDE) operon consists of four genes encoding enzymes for l-rhamnose catabolism and the rhaR gene encoding a DeoR-type transcriptional regulator. DNase I footprinting analysis showed that the RhaR protein specifically binds to the regulatory region upstream of the rhaEW gene, in which two imperfect direct repeats are included. Gel retardation analysis revealed that the direct repeat farther upstream is essential for the high-affinity binding of RhaR and that the DNA binding of RhaR was effectively inhibited by L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate, an intermediate of L-rhamnose catabolism. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the CcpA/P-Ser-HPr complex, primarily governing the carbon catabolite control in B. subtilis, binds to the catabolite-responsive element, which overlaps the RhaR binding site. In vivo analysis of the rhaEW promoter-lacZ fusion in the background of ccpA deletion showed that the L-rhamnose-responsive induction of the rhaEW promoter was negated by the disruption of rhaA or rhaB but not rhaEW or rhaM, whereas rhaR disruption resulted in constitutive rhaEW promoter activity. These in vitro and in vivo results clearly indicate that RhaR represses the operon by binding to the operator site, which is detached by L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate formed from L-rhamnose through a sequence of isomerization by RhaA and phosphorylation by RhaB, leading to the derepression of the operon. In addition, the lacZ reporter analysis using the strains with or without the ccpA deletion under the background of rhaR disruption supported the involvement of CcpA in the carbon catabolite repression of the operon. IMPORTANCE Since L-rhamnose is a component of various plant-derived compounds, it is a potential carbon source for plant-associating bacteria. Moreover, it is suggested that L-rhamnose catabolism plays a significant role in some bacteria-plant interactions, e.g., invasion of plant pathogens and nodulation of rhizobia. Despite the physiological importance of L-rhamnose catabolism for various bacterial species, the transcriptional regulation of the relevant genes has been poorly understood, except for the regulatory system of Escherichia coli. In this study, we show that, in Bacillus subtilis, one of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, the rhaEWRBMA operon for L-rhamnose catabolism is controlled by RhaR and CcpA. This regulatory system can be another standard model for better understanding the regulatory mechanisms of L-rhamnose catabolism in other bacterial species.
Collapse
|
24
|
He C, Zhang J, Liu X, Zeng S, Wu K, Yu Z, Wang X, Teixeira da Silva JA, Lin Z, Duan J. Identification of genes involved in biosynthesis of mannan polysaccharides in Dendrobium officinale by RNA-seq analysis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 88:219-31. [PMID: 25924595 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. The stems of D. officinale contain mannan polysaccharides, which are promising bioactive polysaccharides for use as drugs. However, the genes involved in the biosynthesis of mannan polysaccharides in D. officinale have not yet been identified. In this study, four digital gene expression profiling analyses were performed on developing stems of greenhouse-grown D. officinale to identify such genes. Based on the accumulation of mannose and on gene expression levels, eight CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A genes (CSLA), which are highly likely to be related to the biosynthesis of bioactive mannan polysaccharides, were identified from the differentially expressed genes database. In order to further analyze these DoCSLA genes, a full-length cDNA of each was obtained by RACE. The eight genes, belonging to the CSLA family of the CesA superfamily, contain conserved domains of the CesA superfamily. Most of the genes, which were highly expressed in the stems of D. officinale, were related to abiotic stress. Our results suggest that the CSLA family genes from D. officinale are involved in the biosynthesis of bioactive mannan polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei He
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pansarin ER, Pansarin LM. Floral biology of two Vanilloideae (Orchidaceae) primarily adapted to pollination by euglossine bees. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16:1104-1113. [PMID: 24739080 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vanilloideae comprises 15 genera distributed worldwide, among which are Vanilla and Epistephium (tribe Vanilleae). Based on field and laboratory investigations, the pollination biology of V. dubia and E. sclerophyllum was analysed. The former was surveyed in a semi-deciduous mesophytic forest at the biological reserve of Serra do Japi and in a marshy forest at the city of Pradópolis, southeastern Brazil. The latter was examined in rocky outcrop vegetation in the Chapada Diamantina, northeastern Brazil. In the studied populations, the tubular flowers of V. dubia and E. sclerophyllum were pollinated by bees. Pollen was deposited on either their scutellum (V. dubia) or scutum (E. sclerophyllum). The mentum region of V. dubia is dry, whereas that of E. sclerophyllum presents a small quantity of dilute nectar. Flowers of E. sclerophyllum are scentless, while those of V. dubia are odoriferous. Although V. dubia is self-compatible, it needs a pollinator to produce fruit. In contrast, E. sclerophyllum sets fruit through spontaneous self-pollination, but biotic pollination also occurs. Both species are primarily adapted to pollination by euglossine bees. Pollination by Euglossina seems to have occurred at least twice during the evolution of Vanilleae. Furthermore, shifts between rewarding and reward-free flowers and between autogamous and allogamous species have been reported among vanillas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E R Pansarin
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Laur J, Hacke UG. Exploring Picea glauca aquaporins in the context of needle water uptake and xylem refilling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:388-400. [PMID: 24702644 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Conifer needles have been reported to absorb water under certain conditions. Radial water movement across needle tissues is likely influenced by aquaporin (AQP) water channels. Foliar water uptake and AQP localization in Picea glauca needles were studied using physiological and microscopic methods. AQP expression was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Members of the AQP gene family in spruce were identified using homology search tools. Needles of drought-stressed plants absorbed water when exposed to high relative humidity (RH). AQPs were present in the endodermis-like bundle sheath, in phloem cells and in the transfusion parenchyma of needles. Up-regulation of AQPs in high RH coincided with embolism repair in stem xylem. The present study also provides the most comprehensive functional and phylogenetic analysis of spruce AQPs to date. Thirty putative complete AQP sequences were found. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that AQPs facilitate radial water movement from the needle epidermis towards the vascular tissue. Foliar water uptake may occur in late winter when needles are covered by melting snow and may provide a water source for embolism repair before the beginning of the growing season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Laur
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Uwe G Hacke
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sarkar G, Saha NR, Roy I, Bhattacharyya A, Bose M, Mishra R, Rana D, Bhattacharjee D, Chattopadhyay D. Taro corms mucilage/HPMC based transdermal patch: An efficient device for delivery of diltiazem hydrochloride. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 66:158-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Prajapati VD, Jani GK, Moradiya NG, Randeria NP. Pharmaceutical applications of various natural gums, mucilages and their modified forms. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 92:1685-99. [PMID: 23399207 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A large number of plant based pharmaceutical excipients are available today. Gums and mucilages are the most commonly available plant ingredients with a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. They are being used due to their abundance in nature, safety and economy. They have been extensively explored as pharmaceutical excipients. They are biocompatible, cheap and easily available. Natural materials have advantages over synthetic ones since they are chemically inert, nontoxic, less expensive, biodegradable and widely available. They can also be modified in different ways to obtain tailor-made materials for drug delivery systems and thus can compete with the available synthetic excipients. Recent trend toward the use of plant based and natural products demands the replacement of synthetic additives with natural ones. In this review, we describe the pharmaceutical applications of various natural gums, mucilages and their modified forms for the development of various drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipul D Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli-Silvassa Road, U.T. of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Sayli, Silvassa 396 230, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Saiyood S, Vangnai AS, Thiravetyan P, Inthorn D. Bisphenol A removal by the Dracaena plant and the role of plant-associating bacteria. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 178:777-785. [PMID: 20304555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dracaena sanderiana and Dracaena fragrans plants, as representatives of native, tropical, evergreen plants with fibrous root systems, were evaluated for bisphenol A (BPA) tolerance and uptake capability. D. sanderiana demonstrated significantly higher BPA removal capability than D. fragrans. Therefore, it was chosen for further study. D. sanderiana tolerated BPA toxicity levels up to 80 microM, while higher BPA concentrations damaged the plant. In the sterile hydroponic system with an initial BPA concentration of 20 microM, the plant could uptake approximately 50% of the BPA. The plant's ability to translocate BPA was confirmed by the detection of BPA that accumulated at the roots and stems, but not at the leaves of the plant. Upon BPA exposure, the D. sanderiana secreted extracellular plant mucilage as a protective barrier to the toxic compound. In the non-sterile treatment, the BPA dissipation was contributed not only by the D. sanderiana plant, but also by the co-existing microbes. The BPA reached 85% of the initial concentration at 20 microM. Among the six plant-associating bacterial isolates, Bacillus cereus strain BPW4 and Enterobacter sp. strain BPW5 colonized the D. sanderiana root surface and facilitated BPA dissipation in the hydroponic treatment system. In addition, the success of the BPA treatment in the hazardous waste landfill leachate demonstrated the potential application of D. sanderiana plant in the phytoremediation of BPA contaminated wastewater or industrial leachate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Saiyood
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center of Environmental health, Toxicology and Management of Chemicals (ETM), Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Edmond Ghanem M, Han RM, Classen B, Quetin-Leclerq J, Mahy G, Ruan CJ, Qin P, Pérez-Alfocea F, Lutts S. Mucilage and polysaccharides in the halophyte plant species Kosteletzkya virginica: localization and composition in relation to salt stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 167:382-392. [PMID: 19962213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mucilage is thought to play a role in salinity tolerance in certain halophytic species by regulating water ascent and ion transport. The localization and composition of mucilage in the halophyte Kosteletzkya virginica was therefore investigated. Plants were grown in a hydroponic system in the presence or absence of 100mM NaCl and regularly harvested for growth parameter assessment and mucilage analysis with the gas liquid chromatography method. NaCl treatment stimulated shoot growth and biomass accumulation, had little effect on shoot and root water content, and reduced leaf water potential (Psi(w)), osmotic potential (Psi(s)) as well as stomatal conductance (g(s)). Mucilage increased in shoot, stems and roots in response to salt stress. Furthermore, changes were also observed in neutral monosaccharide components. Levels of rhamnose and uronic acid increased with salinity. Staining with a 0.5% alcian blue solution revealed the presence of mucopolyssacharides in xylem vessels and salt-induced mucilaginous precipitates on the leaf abaxial surface. Determination of ion concentrations showed that a significant increase of Na(+) and a decrease of K(+) and Ca(2+) simultaneously occurred in tissues and in mucilage under salt stress. Considering the high proportion of rhamnose and uronic acid in stem mucilage, we suggest that the pectic polysaccharide could be involved in Na(+) fixation, though only a minor fraction of accumulated sodium appeared to be firmly bound to mucilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Edmond Ghanem
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Croix du Sud 5 Bte 13, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Arend M, Muninger M, Fromm J. Unique occurrence of pectin-like fibrillar cell wall deposits in xylem fibres of poplar. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2008; 10:763-770. [PMID: 18950434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Using light and electron microscopic techniques, we studied the unique occurrence of fibrillar cell wall deposits in mature xylem fibres from poplar. These cell wall deposits lined the lumen-facing side of the wall, mainly in fibres next to vessel elements. Different lines of evidence point to the pectin-like nature of these fibrillar cell wall deposits. First, specific staining by Alcian Blue 8GX, a dye with high affinity for pectic substances. Second, the strongly reduced staining of the cell wall deposits in microscopic sections treated with pectolytic enzyme. Third, concomitant staining of pits, which are known to consist mainly of pectic substances. Given the pectin-like nature of the fibrillar cell wall deposits as well as their preferred occurrence in fibres neighbouring water-conducting vessel elements, a function for the fibrillar cell wall deposits in lateral water diffusion and stem water storage is hypothesised. The hypothesis is supported by the increased abundance of these cell wall deposits in wood tissue of a drought-sensitive poplar species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Arend
- Fachgebiet Angewandte Holzbiologie, Technische Universität München, Winzererstrasse 45, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Katayama H, Takano R, Sugimura Y. Localization of mucilaginous polysaccharides in mulberry leaves. PROTOPLASMA 2008; 233:157-163. [PMID: 18648733 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-008-0299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry tree leaves were shown to have mucilaginous polysaccharides. The extracted water-soluble mucilage was separated into three fractions via a cetylpyridinum chloride complex and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. Five acidic polysaccharides were separated from these fractions, one of which was a major polysaccharide (Mp-3) that was structurally analyzed and used for antibody preparation. The Mp-3 polysaccharide contained rhamnose, galactose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 1 : 0.2 : 0.5 : 2.3 : 1.5 as constituent monosaccharides. Methylation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the polysaccharide was a rhamnogalacturonan mainly consisting of 1,2,3-linked rhamnose residues, 1,3,4- and 1,4-linked uronic acid residues, and terminal uronic acid residues. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 5.5 x 10(5). Immunohistological observation revealed that the Mp-3 polysaccharide is specifically localized in inner epidermal cells situated in adaxial leaves, and electron microscopy showed that its subcellular location is between the plasma membrane and the cell wall. In young leaves, numerous secretory vesicles were present in a shrunken cytoplasm that was surrounded by fibers. In mature leaves, more than 20% of total epidermal cells were these inner cells in which polysaccharide deposition was significantly increased. The deposits appeared as a rounded electron-dense mass throughout the inner cells by electron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Katayama
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Eco-Physiological Studies On Indian Desert Plants: Effect Of Salt On Antioxidant Defense Systems In Ziziphus Spp. TASKS FOR VEGETATION SCIENCE 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4018-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
34
|
Montiel-Herrera M, Campista-León S, Camacho-Hernández IL, Ríos-Morgan A, Delgado-Vargas F. Physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of the fruit of Zizyphus sonorensis S. Wats (Rhamnaceae). Int J Food Sci Nutr 2006; 56:587-96. [PMID: 16638663 DOI: 10.1080/09637480500473653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The nanche de la costa (Zizyphus sonorensis) fruit was partially characterized by physicochemical and nutritional analyses. This fruit has a homogenous size and color and low moisture content (47 g/100 g). The content of tannins and nickel of the edible portion might limit its use. However, nanche de la costa has important characteristics and potential to be considered as a food or feed source. The remarkable characteristics of the edible portion are high content of total (35 g/100 g) and soluble (0.6 g/100 g) dietary fiber, high level of copper (0.53 mg/100 g), iron (10 mg/100 g) and zinc (4.2 mg/100 g). The seed was distinguished by its high content of total dietary fiber (82.1 g/100 g), calcium (540 mg/100 g), copper (0.54 mg/100 g), chromium (1.1 mg/100 g) and zinc (4.5 mg/100 g). The moisture value is given in fresh weight basis and all other values are in dry weight basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Montiel-Herrera
- Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán de Rosales, Sinaloa, México, C.P. 80000
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|