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Huang F, He Y. Epigenetic control of gene expression by cellular metabolisms in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102572. [PMID: 38875845 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Covalent modifications on DNA and histones can regulate eukaryotic gene expression and are often referred to as epigenetic modifications. These chemical reactions require various metabolites as donors or co-substrates, such as acetyl coenzyme A, S-adenosyl-l-methionine, and α-ketoglutarate. Metabolic processes that take place in the cytoplasm, nucleus, or other cellular compartments may impact epigenetic modifications in the nucleus. Here, we review recent advances on metabolic control of chromatin modifications and thus gene expression in plants, with a focus on the functions of nuclear compartmentalization of metabolic processes and enzymes in DNA and histone modifications. Furthermore, we discuss the functions of cellular metabolisms in fine-tuning gene expression to facilitate the responses or adaptation to environmental changes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences & National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuehui He
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences & National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong 261325, China.
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2
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Boutin C, Clément C, Rivoal J. Post-Translational Modifications to Cysteine Residues in Plant Proteins and Their Impact on the Regulation of Metabolism and Signal Transduction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9845. [PMID: 39337338 PMCID: PMC11432348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cys is one of the least abundant amino acids in proteins. However, it is often highly conserved and is usually found in important structural and functional regions of proteins. Its unique chemical properties allow it to undergo several post-translational modifications, many of which are mediated by reactive oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or carbonyl species. Thus, in addition to their role in catalysis, protein stability, and metal binding, Cys residues are crucial for the redox regulation of metabolism and signal transduction. In this review, we discuss Cys post-translational modifications (PTMs) and their role in plant metabolism and signal transduction. These modifications include the oxidation of the thiol group (S-sulfenylation, S-sulfinylation and S-sulfonylation), the formation of disulfide bridges, S-glutathionylation, persulfidation, S-cyanylation S-nitrosation, S-carbonylation, S-acylation, prenylation, CoAlation, and the formation of thiohemiacetal. For each of these PTMs, we discuss the origin of the modifier, the mechanisms involved in PTM, and their reversibility. Examples of the involvement of Cys PTMs in the modulation of protein structure, function, stability, and localization are presented to highlight their importance in the regulation of plant metabolic and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Boutin
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Camille Clément
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Jean Rivoal
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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3
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Zhou H, Meng F, Jiang W, Lu X, Zhang R, Huang A, Wu K, Deng P, Wang Y, Zhao H, Du Y, Huo J, Du X, Feng N, Zheng D. Potassium indole-3-butyric acid affects rice's adaptability to salt stress by regulating carbon metabolism, transcription factor genes expression, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1416936. [PMID: 39290739 PMCID: PMC11405336 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1416936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity pollution is increasing worldwide, seriously affecting plant growth and crop production. Existing reports on how potassium indole-3-butyric acid (IBAK) regulates rice salt stress adaptation by affecting rice carbon metabolism, transcription factor (TF) genes expression, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites still have limitations. In this study, an IBAK solution at 40 mg L-1 was sprayed on rice leaves at the seedling stage. The results showed that the IBAK application could promote shoot and root growth, decrease sucrose and fructose content, increase starch content, and enhance acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) activity under salt stress, indicating altered carbon allocation. Furthermore, the expression of TF genes belonging to the ethylene responsive factor (ERF), WRKY, and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) families was influenced by IBAK. Many key genes (OsSSIIc, OsSHM1, and OsPPDKB) and metabolites (2-oxoglutaric acid, fumaric acid, and succinic acid) were upregulated in the carbon metabolism pathway. In addition, this study highlighted the role of IBAK in regulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites pathway, potentially contributing to rice stress adaptability. The results of this study can provide new sustainable development solutions for agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xutong Lu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Anqi Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kunlun Wu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Peng Deng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Youwei Du
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jingxin Huo
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaole Du
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Artins A, Martins MCM, Meyer C, Fernie AR, Caldana C. Sensing and regulation of C and N metabolism - novel features and mechanisms of the TOR and SnRK1 signaling pathways. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1268-1280. [PMID: 38349940 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms are tightly integrated to allow proper plant growth and development. Photosynthesis is dependent on N invested in chlorophylls, enzymes, and structural components of the photosynthetic machinery, while N uptake and assimilation rely on ATP, reducing equivalents, and C-skeletons provided by photosynthesis. The direct connection between N availability and photosynthetic efficiency allows the synthesis of precursors for all metabolites and building blocks in plants. Thus, the capacity to sense and respond to sudden changes in C and N availability is crucial for plant survival and is mediated by complex yet efficient signaling pathways such as TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) and SUCROSE-NON-FERMENTING-1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 (SnRK1). In this review, we present recent advances in mechanisms involved in sensing C and N status as well as identifying current gaps in our understanding. We finally attempt to provide new perspectives and hypotheses on the interconnection of diverse signaling pathways that will allow us to understand the integration and orchestration of the major players governing the regulation of the CN balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Artins
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | - Marina C M Martins
- in Press - Scientific Consulting and Communication Services, 05089-030, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Meyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany
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Billah M, Renju L, Wei H, Qanmber G, Da Y, Lan Y, Qing-di Y, Fuguang L, Zhaoen Y. A cotton mitochondrial alternative electron transporter, GhD2HGDH, induces early flowering by modulating GA and photoperiodic pathways. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14378. [PMID: 38887925 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) is a mitochondrial enzyme containing flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD, existing as a dimer, and it facilitates the specific oxidation of D-2HG to 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), which is a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. A Genome-wide expression analysis (GWEA) has indicated an association between GhD2HGDH and flowering time. To further explore the role of GhD2HGDH, we performed a comprehensive investigation encompassing phenotyping, physiology, metabolomics, and transcriptomics in Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing GhD2HGDH. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR data exhibited heightened expression of GhD2HGDH in upland cotton flowers. Additionally, early-maturing cotton exhibited higher expression of GhD2HGDH across all tissues than delayed-maturing cotton. Subcellular localization confirmed its presence in the mitochondria. Overexpression of GhD2HGDH in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering. Using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), we investigated the impact of GhD2HGDH on flowering in both early- and delayed-maturing cotton plants. Manipulation of GhD2HGDH expression levels led to changes in photosynthetic pigment and gas exchange attributes. GhD2HGDH responded to gibberellin (GA3) hormone treatment, influencing the expression of GA biosynthesis genes and repressing DELLA genes. Protein interaction studies, including yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementation (LUC), and GST pull-down assays, confirmed the interaction between GhD2HGDH and GhSOX (Sulfite oxidase). The metabolomics analysis demonstrated GhD2HGDH's modulation of the TCA cycle through alterations in various metabolite levels. Transcriptome data revealed that GhD2HGDH overexpression triggers early flowering by modulating the GA3 and photoperiodic pathways of the flowering core factor genes. Taken together, GhD2HGDH positively regulates the network of genes associated with early flowering pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masum Billah
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Liu Renju
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Hu Wei
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ghulam Qanmber
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Da
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Lan
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Yan Qing-di
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Li Fuguang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Zhaoen
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Zaghdoud C, Yahia Y, Nagaz K, Martinez-Ballesta MDC. Foliar spraying of zinc oxide nanoparticles improves water transport and nitrogen metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings mitigating the negative impacts of cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:37428-37443. [PMID: 38777976 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The use of bio-nanotechnology in agriculture-such as the biological applications of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs)-greatly improves crop yield and quality under different abiotic stress factors including soil metal contamination. Here, we explore the effectiveness of zinc oxide (ZnO)-NPs (0, 50 mg/L) foliar spraying to ameliorate the detrimental effects of cadmium (Cd) on the water transport and nitrogen metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Chibli F1) plants grown on a Cd-supplied (CdCl2; 0, 10, 40 μM) Hoagland nutrient solution. The results depicted that the individually studied factors (ZnO-NPs and Cd) had a significant impact on all the physiological parameters analyzed. Independently to the Cd concentration, ZnO-NPs-sprayed plants showed significantly higher dry weight (DW) in both leaves and roots compared to the non-sprayed ones, which was in consonance with higher and lower levels of Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions, respectively, in these organs. Interestingly, ZnO-NPs spraying improved water status in all Cd-treated plants as evidenced by the increase in root hydraulic conductance (L0), apoplastic water pathway percentage, and leaf and root relative water content (RWC), compared to the non-sprayed plants. This improved water balance was associated with a significant accumulation of osmoprotectant osmolytes, such as proline and soluble sugars in the plant organs, reducing electrolyte leakage (EL), and osmotic potential (ψπ). Also, ZnO-NPs spraying significantly improved NO3- and NH4+ assimilation in the leaf and root tissues of all Cd-treated plants, leading to a reduction in NH4+ toxicity. Our findings point out new insights into how ZnO-NPs affect water transport and nitrogen metabolism in Cd-stressed plants and support their use to improve crop resilience against Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chokri Zaghdoud
- Dry Land Farming and Oasis Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia.
- Technology Transfer Office (TTO), University of Gafsa, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia.
| | - Yassine Yahia
- Dry Land Farming and Oasis Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Nagaz
- Dry Land Farming and Oasis Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Maria Del Carmen Martinez-Ballesta
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203, Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202, Cartagena, Spain
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Zhou M, Zhang Y, Yang J. Analysis of Nitrogen Dynamics and Transcriptomic Activity Revealed a Pivotal Role of Some Amino Acid Transporters in Nitrogen Remobilization in Poplar Senescing Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4140. [PMID: 38140467 PMCID: PMC10747403 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an important developmental process for deciduous trees during which part of leaf nitrogen is remobilized to branches, thus being beneficial for nitrogen conservation. However, the associated regulatory mechanism remains largely unknown in deciduous trees. In this study, nitrogen dynamics and transcriptomic activity in senescing leaves were measured during autumnal senescence in hybrid poplar. Both concentrations of leaf total nitrogen (N) and amine compounds were found to decline from the pre-senescence (PRE) to the middle-senescence (MS) stage. Although the total N concentration decreased further from MS to the late-senescence (LS) and leveled off to abscission (ABS) stage, amine compound concentration increased continuously from MS to ABS, suggesting that translocation of amine compounds underperformed production of amine compounds in leaves during this period. L-glutamate, L-glutamine and α-aminoadipic acid were the top three amine compounds accumulated in senescent leaves. RNA-Seq profiling identified thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with functional association with a metabolic transition towards disassimilation. Many genes encoding amino acid metabolism enzymes and amino acid transporters (AATs) were up-regulated. Comparison of expression trend with leaf N dynamics and phylogenetic analysis identified several PtAATs which exhibited down-regulation from MS to LS stage and putatively limited leaf N remobilization. This study can serve as a primary basis to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of nitrogen remobilization in poplar senescing leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiading Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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Chen Y, Bai Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Sun Z. Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the primary and secondary metabolism changes in Glycyrrhiza uralensis with different forms of nitrogen utilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1229253. [PMID: 38023834 PMCID: PMC10653330 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1229253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. represent the oldest and most frequently used herbal medicines in Eastern and Western countries. However, the quality of cultivated G. uralensis has not been adequate to meet the market demand, thereby exerting increased pressure on wild G. uralensis populations. Nitrogen, vital for plant growth, potentially influences the bioactive constituents of plants. Yet, more information is needed regarding the effect of different forms of nitrogen on G. uralensis. G. uralensis seedlings were exposed to a modified Hoagland nutrient solution (HNS), varying concentrations of nitrate (KNO3), or ammonium (NH4)2SO4. We subsequently obtained the roots of G. uralensis for physiology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics analyses. Our results indicated that medium-level ammonium nitrogen was more effective in promoting G. uralensis growth compared to nitrate nitrogen. However, low-level nitrate nitrogen distinctly accelerated the accumulation of flavonoid ingredients. Illumina sequencing of cDNA libraries prepared from four groups-treated independently with low/medium NH4 + or NO3 - identified 364, 96, 103, and 64 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each group. Our investigation revealed a general molecular and physiological metabolism stimulation under exclusive NH4 + or NO3 - conditions. This included nitrogen absorption and assimilation, glycolysis, Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, flavonoid, and triterpenoid metabolism. By creating and combining putative biosynthesis networks of nitrogen metabolism, flavonoids, and triterpenoids with related structural DEGs, we observed a positive correlation between the expression trend of DEGs and flavonoid accumulation. Notably, treatments with low-level NH4 + or medium-level NO3 - positively improved primary metabolism, including amino acids, TCA cycle, and glycolysis metabolism. Meanwhile, low-level NH4 + and NO3 - treatment positively regulated secondary metabolism, especially the biosynthesis of flavonoids in G. uralensis. Our study lays the foundation for a comprehensive analysis of molecular responses to varied nitrogen forms in G. uralensis, which should help understand the relationships between responsive genes and subsequent metabolic reactions. Furthermore, our results provide new insights into the fundamental mechanisms underlying the treatment of G. uralensis and other Glycyrrhiza plants with different nitrogen forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhirong Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Yang F, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Hu J, Zhu W, Liu L, Liu H, Fahad S, Gao Q. Comparative physiological and transcriptome analysis of leaf nitrogen fluxes in stay-green maize during the vegetative stage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108147. [PMID: 37922646 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In maize, nitrogen (N) stored in leaves is an important internal source for supporting subsequent growth and development. However, the regulation of N fluxes and photosynthesis and the molecular and genotypic regulations that modify them are less clear in source leaves during the vegetative stage. This knowledge is crucial for improving N use efficiency (NUE). By using 15N labeling and transcriptome methods, an analysis of the physiological and molecular basis of leaf N import and export processes and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) was conducted in two maize hybrids (XY335 and XY696) with different stay-green characteristics during the vegetative stage. Leaf N import and export in XY696 were 45% and 33% greater than those in XY335. However, the PNUE in XY335 was 17% greater than that in XY696 due to the higher net photosynthetic rate (A) and lower SLN. Correspondingly, the chlorophyll content and photosynthesis-related enzyme (PEPc, PEPck, PPDK) activities increased by 18∼30% in XY335. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the expression levels of several N and carbon metabolism-related genes encoding Rubisco, PEPc, Nir, GS and AS were significantly increased or decreased in XY696 in parallel with enzyme activities. Moreover, there was a large difference in the expression abundance of genes encoding nitrate/nitrite transporters and transmembrane proteins. Our results suggest that two hybrids modulate leaf N fluxes and photosynthesis differently by altering gene expression and enzyme activities. Our study contributes to understanding leaf N fluxes and PNUE regulation and serves as a crucial reference for NUE improvement in maize breeding research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yudie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 53002, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Holland BL, Matthews ML, Bota P, Sweetlove LJ, Long SP, diCenzo GC. A genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of soybean and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens reveals the cost-benefit of nitrogen fixation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:744-756. [PMID: 37649265 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing symbioses allow legumes to thrive in nitrogen-poor soils at the cost of diverting some photoassimilate to their microsymbionts. Effort is being made to bioengineer nitrogen fixation into nonleguminous crops. This requires a quantitative understanding of its energetic costs and the links between metabolic variations and symbiotic efficiency. A whole-plant metabolic model for soybean (Glycine max) with its associated microsymbiont Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens was developed and applied to predict the cost-benefit of nitrogen fixation with varying soil nitrogen availability. The model predicted a nitrogen-fixation cost of c. 4.13 g C g-1 N, which when implemented into a crop scale model, translated to a grain yield reduction of 27% compared with a non-nodulating plant receiving its nitrogen from the soil. Considering the lower nitrogen content of cereals, the yield cost to a hypothetical N-fixing cereal is predicted to be less than half that of soybean. Soybean growth was predicted to be c. 5% greater when the nodule nitrogen export products were amides versus ureides. This is the first metabolic reconstruction in a tropical crop species that simulates the entire plant and nodule metabolism. Going forward, this model will serve as a tool to investigate carbon use efficiency and key mechanisms within N-fixing symbiosis in a tropical species forming determinate nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L Holland
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Megan L Matthews
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Pedro Bota
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Lee J Sweetlove
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Stephen P Long
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - George C diCenzo
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Lu Z, He S, Kashif M, Zhang Z, Mo S, Su G, Du L, Jiang C. Effect of ammonium stress on phosphorus solubilization of a novel marine mangrove microorganism Bacillus aryabhattai NM1-A2 as revealed by integrated omics analysis. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:550. [PMID: 37723472 PMCID: PMC10506230 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) can alleviate available P deficiency and enhance plant growth in an eco-friendly way. Although ammonium toxicity is widespread, there is little understanding about the effect of ammonium stress on phosphorus solubilization (PS) of PSMs. RESULTS In this study, seven PSMs were isolated from mangrove sediments. The soluble phosphate concentration in culture supernatant of Bacillus aryabhattai NM1-A2 reached a maximum of 196.96 mg/L at 250 mM (NH4)2SO4. Whole-genome analysis showed that B. aryabhattai NM1-A2 contained various genes related to ammonium transporter (amt), ammonium assimilation (i.e., gdhA, gltB, and gltD), organic acid synthesis (i.e., ackA, fdhD, and idh), and phosphate transport (i.e., pstB and pstS). Transcriptome data showed that the expression levels of amt, gltB, gltD, ackA and idh were downregulated, while gdhA and fdhD were upregulated. The inhibition of ammonium transporter and glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) pathway contributed to reducing energy loss. For ammonium assimilation under ammonium stress, accompanied by protons efflux, the glutamate dehydrogenase pathway was the main approach. More 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) was induced to provide abundant carbon skeletons. The downregulation of formate dehydrogenase and high glycolytic rate resulted in the accumulation of formic acid and acetic acid, which played key roles in PS under ammonium stress. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation of 2-OG and the inhibition of GS/GOGAT pathway played a key role in ammonium detoxification. The secretion of protons, formic acid and acetic acid was related to PS. Our work provides new insights into the PS mechanism, which will provide theoretical guidance for the application of PSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Sheng He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defect prevention, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Women and Children Health Care Hospital, Nanning, 530033, China
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Zufan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shuming Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Guijiao Su
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Linfang Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Chengjian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China.
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12
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De Gregorio MA, Zengin G, Alp-Turgut FN, Elbasan F, Ozfidan-Konakci C, Arikan B, Yildiztugay E, Zhang L, Lucini L. Glutamate, Humic Acids and Their Combination Modulate the Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Traits, and Enzyme-Inhibition Properties in Lettuce. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091822. [PMID: 37176879 PMCID: PMC10181196 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae) is a popular vegetable leafy crop playing a relevant role in human nutrition. Nowadays, novel strategies are required to sustainably support plant growth and elicit the biosynthesis of bioactive molecules with functional roles in crops including lettuce. In this work, the polyphenolic profile of lettuce treated with glutamic acid (GA), humic acid (HA), and their combination (GA + HA) was investigated using an untargeted metabolomics phenolic profiling approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry. Both aerial and root organ parts were considered, and a broad and diverse phenolic profile could be highlighted. The phenolic profile included flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavones, flavanols, and flavonols), phenolic acids (both hydroxycinnamics and hydroxybenzoics), low molecular weight phenolics (tyrosol equivalents), lignans and stilbenes. Overall, GA and HA treatments significantly modulated the biosynthesis of flavanols, lignans, low molecular weight phenolics, phenolic acids, and stilbene. Thereafter, antioxidant capacity was evaluated in vitro with 2,2-diphenyln-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. In addition, this study examined the inhibitory properties of enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase. Compared to individual treatments, the combination of GA + HA showed stronger antioxidant abilities in free radical scavenging and reducing power assays in root samples. Moreover, this combination positively influenced the inhibitory effects of root samples on AChE and BChE and the tyrosinase inhibitory effect of leaf samples. Concerning Pearson's correlations, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities were related to phenolic compounds, and lignans in particular correlated with radical scavenging activities. Overall, the tested elicitors could offer promising insights for enhancing the functional properties of lettuce in agricultural treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nur Alp-Turgut
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Elbasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, 42090 Konya, Turkey
| | - Busra Arikan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department of Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department of Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- CRAST Research Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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13
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Nucleotide Imbalance, Provoked by Downregulation of Aspartate Transcarbamoylase Impairs Cold Acclimation in Arabidopsis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041585. [PMID: 36838573 PMCID: PMC9959217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) catalyzes the first committed step in pyrimidine de novo synthesis. As shown before, mutants with 80% reduced transcript and protein levels exhibit reduced levels of pyrimidine metabolites and thus nucleotide limitation and imbalance. Consequently, reduced photosynthetic capacity and growth, accompanied by massive transcriptional changes, were observed. Here, we show that nucleotide de novo synthesis was upregulated during cold acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia, Col-0) plants, but ATC knockdown mutants failed to acclimate to this condition as they did not accumulate neutral sugars and anthocyanins. A global transcriptome analysis revealed that most of the transcriptional changes observed in Col-0 plants upon cold exposure were also evident in ATC knockdown plants. However, several responses observed in cold-treated Col-0 plants could already be detected in knockdown plants when grown under standard conditions, suggesting that these mutants exhibited typical cold responses without prior cold stimulation. We believe that nucleotide signaling is involved in "cold-like priming" and "cold acclimation" in general. The observed transcript levels of genes involved in central carbon metabolism and respiration were an exception to these findings. These were upregulated in the cold but downregulated in warm-grown ATC mutants.
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14
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Hoffmann B, Aubry E, Marmagne A, Dinant S, Chardon F, Le Hir R. Impairment of sugar transport in the vascular system acts on nitrogen remobilization and nitrogen use efficiency in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13830. [PMID: 36437708 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms have long been known to be coupled, and this is required for adjusting nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Despite this intricate relationship, it is still unclear how deregulation of sugar transport impacts N allocation. Here, we investigated in Arabidopsis the consequences of the simultaneous downregulation of the genes coding for the sugar transporters SWEET11, SWEET12, SWEET16, and SWEET17 on various anatomical and physiological traits ranging from the stem's vascular system development to plant biomass production, seed yield, and N remobilization and use efficiency. Our results show that intracellular sugar exchanges mediated by SWEET16 and SWEET17 proteins specifically impact vascular development but do not play a significant role in the distribution of N. Most importantly, we showed that the double mutant swt11 swt12, which has an impacted vascular development, displays an improved NUE and nitrogen remobilization to the seeds. In addition, a significant negative correlation between sugar and amino acids contents and the inflorescence stem radial growth exists, highlighting the complex interaction between the maintenance of C/N homeostasis and the inflorescence stem development. Our results thus deepen the link between sugar transport, C/N allocation, and vascular system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Hoffmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Emilie Aubry
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Anne Marmagne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Fabien Chardon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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15
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Nogués I, Sekula B, Angelaccio S, Grzechowiak M, Tramonti A, Contestabile R, Ruszkowski M. Arabidopsis thaliana serine hydroxymethyltransferases: functions, structures, and perspectives. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 187:37-49. [PMID: 35947902 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHM) is one of the hallmarks of one-carbon metabolism. In plants, isoforms of SHM participate in photorespiration and/or transfer the one-carbon unit from L-serine to tetrahydrofolate (THF), hence producing 5,10-CH2-THF that is needed, e.g., for biosynthesis of methionine, thymidylate, and purines. These links highlight the importance of SHM activity in DNA biogenesis, its epigenetic methylations, and in stress responses. Plant genomes encode several SHM isoforms that localize to cytosol, mitochondria, plastids, and nucleus. In this work, we present a thorough functional and structural characterization of all seven SHM isoforms from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSHM1-7). In particular, we analyzed tissue-specific expression profiles of the AtSHM genes. We also compared catalytic properties of the active AtSHM1-4 in terms of catalytic efficiency in both directions and inhibition by the THF substrate. Despite numerous attempts to rescue the SHM activity of AtSHM5-7, we failed, which points towards different physiological functions of these isoforms. Comparative analysis of experimental and predicted three-dimensional structures of AtSHM1-7 proteins indicated differences in regions that surround the entrance to the active site cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Nogués
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Italian National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Bartosz Sekula
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Section of MCL, National Cancer Institute, Argonne, IL, USA; Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sebastiana Angelaccio
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Grzechowiak
- Department of Structural Biology of Eukaryotes, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Angela Tramonti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Contestabile
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Milosz Ruszkowski
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Section of MCL, National Cancer Institute, Argonne, IL, USA; Department of Structural Biology of Eukaryotes, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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16
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Gai Z, Liu J, Cai L, Zhang J, Liu L. Foliar application of alpha-ketoglutarate plus nitrogen improves drought resistance in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Sci Rep 2022; 12:14421. [PMID: 36002532 PMCID: PMC9402593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to understand the impacts of foliar nitrogen and α-oxoglutarate on proline accumulation, photosynthesis, and ammonium assimilation of soybean seedlings subjected to drought stress. The data in the present study demonstrated that foliar α-oxoglutarate and nitrogen significantly enhanced leaf glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, glutamate content, proline content, relative water content (RWC) and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings exposed to drought stress at each stage. Accordingly, the ammonium content was significantly reduced by foliar α-oxoglutarate and nitrogen. These results suggested that a combination of foliar nitrogen plus α-oxoglutarate had an advantage over either foliar nitrogen or foliar α-oxoglutarate in increasing the proline accumulation under drought stress and a combination of foliar nitrogen plus α-oxoglutarate could better mitigate the adverse impacts of drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Gai
- Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jingqi Liu
- Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lijun Cai
- Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130102, Jilin Province, China. .,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin Province, China.
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17
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Moreira E, Coimbra S, Melo P. Glutamine synthetase: an unlikely case of functional redundancy in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:713-720. [PMID: 35246892 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) is an essential enzyme in plant metabolism, catalysing the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen into the amino acid glutamine. GS is a key enzyme in plant growth and has received special attention due to its recognized roles in plant nitrogen use efficiency and crop productivity. It occurs in plants as a collection of isoenzymes, located in the cytosol (GS1) and plastids (GS2), consistent with the multiplicity of roles played in plant metabolism. It is considered that the different isoenzymes, involved in a wide variety of physiological processes throughout the plant life cycle, perform non-redundant and non-overlapping roles. In fact, specific and non-redundant roles of GS isoenzymes in nitrogen metabolism were observed in species like Oryza sativa and Zea mays. However, in A. thaliana the GS isoenzymes, five cytosolic and one plastidic, are suggested to have functional redundancy and an isoenzyme compensation mechanism, specific to this species, was described. This review integrates analyses on the likely roles of the distinct cytosol- and plastid-located GS isoenzymes in A. thaliana, highlighting the redundancy of the GS gene family specifically occurring in this model plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Moreira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto - Research Centre on Sustainable Agrifood Production & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Coimbra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Melo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto - Research Centre on Sustainable Agrifood Production & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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18
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Krämer K, Brock J, Heyer AG. Interaction of Nitrate Assimilation and Photorespiration at Elevated CO 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897924. [PMID: 35845694 PMCID: PMC9284316 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown repeatedly that exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2 causes an increased C/N ratio of plant biomass that could result from either increased carbon or - in relation to C acquisition - reduced nitrogen assimilation. Possible reasons for diminished nitrogen assimilation are controversial, but an impact of reduced photorespiration at elevated CO2 has frequently been implied. Using a mutant defective in peroxisomal hydroxy-pyruvate reductase (hpr1-1) that is hampered in photorespiratory turnover, we show that indeed, photorespiration stimulates the glutamine-synthetase 2 (GS) / glutamine-oxoglutarate-aminotransferase (GOGAT) cycle, which channels ammonia into amino acid synthesis. However, mathematical flux simulations demonstrated that nitrate assimilation was not reduced at elevated CO2, pointing to a dilution of nitrogen containing compounds by assimilated carbon at elevated CO2. The massive growth reduction in the hpr1-1 mutant does not appear to result from nitrogen starvation. Model simulations yield evidence for a loss of cellular energy that is consumed in supporting high flux through the GS/GOGAT cycle that results from inefficient removal of photorespiratory intermediates. This causes a futile cycling of glycolate and hydroxy-pyruvate. In addition to that, accumulation of serine and glycine as well as carboxylates in the mutant creates a metabolic imbalance that could contribute to growth reduction.
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19
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Liao HS, Chung YH, Hsieh MH. Glutamate: A multifunctional amino acid in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 318:111238. [PMID: 35351313 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is a versatile metabolite and a signaling molecule in plants. Glu biosynthesis is associated with the primary nitrogen assimilation pathway. The conversion between Glu and 2-oxoglutarate connects Glu metabolism to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, carbon metabolism, and energy production. Glu is the predominant amino donor for transamination reactions in the cell. In addition to protein synthesis, Glu is a building block for tetrapyrroles, glutathione, and folate. Glu is the precursor of γ-aminobutyric acid that plays an important role in balancing carbon/nitrogen metabolism and various cellular processes. Glu can conjugate to the major auxin indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), and IAA-Glu is destined for oxidative degradation. Glu also conjugates with isochorismate for the production of salicylic acid. Accumulating evidence indicates that Glu functions as a signaling molecule to regulate plant growth, development, and defense responses. The ligand-gated Glu receptor-like proteins (GLRs) mediate some of these responses. However, many of the Glu signaling events are GLR-independent. The receptor perceiving extracellular Glu as a danger signal is still unknown. In addition to GLRs, Glu may act on receptor-like kinases or receptor-like proteins to trigger immune responses. Glu metabolism and Glu signaling may entwine to regulate growth, development, and defense responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Chung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
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20
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Das S, Majumder B, Biswas AK. Comparative study on the influence of silicon and selenium to mitigate arsenic induced stress by modulating TCA cycle, GABA, and polyamine synthesis in rice seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:468-489. [PMID: 35122561 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a major concern for its usage in crop irrigation in many regions of the world. Arsenic is absorbed by rice plants mainly from arsenic contaminated water during irrigation. It hampers growth and agricultural productivity. The aim of the study was to mitigate the toxic effects of arsenate (As-V) [25 μM, 50 μM, and 75 μM] by silicon (Si) [2 mM] and selenium (Se) [5 μM] amendments on the activity of the TCA cycle, synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and polyamines (PAs) in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. MTU-1010) seedlings and to identify which chemical was more potential to combat this threat. As(V) application decreased the activities of tested respiratory enzymes and increased the levels of organic acids (OAs) in the test seedlings. Application of Si with As(V) and Se with As(V) increased the activities of respiratory enzymes and the levels of OAs. The effects were more pronounced during Si amendments. The activities of GABA synthesizing enzymes along with accumulation of GABA were increased under As(V) stress. During joint application of Si with As(V) and Se with As(V) the activity and the level of said parameters were decreased that indicating defensive role of these chemicals to resist As(V) toxicity in rice and Si amendments showed greater potential to reduce As(V) induced damages in the test seedlings. PAs trigger tolerance mechanism against As(V) in plants. PAs such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine were synthesized more during Si and Se amendments in As(V) contaminated rice seedlings to combat the toxic effects of As(V). Si amendments substantially modulated the toxic effects caused by As(V) over Se amendments in the As(V) challenged test seedlings. Thus, in future application of Si enriched fertilizer will be beneficial to grow rice plants with normal vigor in arsenic contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Das
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Barsha Majumder
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Asok K Biswas
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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21
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Whelehan LM, Funnekotter B, Bunn E, Mancera RL. Review: The case for studying mitochondrial function during plant cryopreservation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 315:111134. [PMID: 35067304 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation has several advantages over other ex situ conservation methods, and indeed is the only viable storage method for the long term conservation of most plant species. However, despite many advances in this field, it is increasingly clear that some species are ill-equipped to overcome the intense stress imposed by the cryopreservation process, making protocol development incredibly difficult using traditional trial and error methods. Cryobiotechnology approaches have been recently recognised as a strategic way forward, utilising intimate understanding of biological systems to inform development of more effective cryopreservation protocols. Mitochondrial function is a model candidate for a cryobiotechnological approach, as it underpins not only energy provision, but also several other key determinants of germplasm outcome, including stress response, reduction-oxidation status, and programmed cell death. Extensive research in animal cell and tissue cryopreservation has established a clear link between mitochondrial health and cryopreservation survival, but also indicates that mitochondria are routinely subject to damage from multiple aspects of the cryopreservation process. Evidence is already emerging that mitochondrial dysfunction may also occur in plant cryopreservation, and this research can be greatly expanded by using considered applications of innovative technologies. A range of mitochondria-targeted prophylactic and therapeutic interventions already exist with potential to improve cryopreservation outcomes through mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily M Whelehan
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Bryn Funnekotter
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Eric Bunn
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, Australia.
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22
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Krämer K, Kepp G, Brock J, Stutz S, Heyer AG. Acclimation to elevated CO 2 affects the C/N balance by reducing de novo N-assimilation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13615. [PMID: 35014037 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations show an increased photosynthetic activity. However, after prolonged exposure, the activity declines. This acclimation to elevated CO2 is accompanied by a rise in the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the biomass. Hence, increased sugar accumulation and sequential downregulation of photosynthetic genes, as well as nitrogen depletion and reduced protein content, have been hypothesized as the cause of low photosynthetic performance. However, the reason for reduced nitrogen content in plants at high CO2 is unclear. Here, we show that reduced photorespiration at increased CO2 -to-O2 ratio leads to reduced de novo assimilation of nitrate, thus shifting the C/N balance. Metabolic modeling of acclimated and non-acclimated plants revealed the photorespiratory pathway to function as a sink for already assimilated nitrogen during the light period, providing carbon skeletons for de novo assimilation. At high CO2 , low photorespiratory activity resulted in diminished nitrogen assimilation and eventually resulted in reduced carbon assimilation. For the hpr1-1 mutant, defective in reduction of hydroxy-pyruvate, metabolic simulations show that turnover of photorespiratory metabolites is expanded into the night. Comparison of simulations for hpr1-1 with those for the wild type allowed investigating the effect of a perturbed photorespiration on N-assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Krämer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gabi Kepp
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Judith Brock
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon Stutz
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Arnd G Heyer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Nitrogen assimilation in plants: current status and future prospects. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:394-404. [PMID: 34973427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is the driving force for crop yields, however, excessive N application in agriculture not only increases production cost, but also causes severe environmental problems. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanisms of N use efficiency (NUE) and breeding crops with higher NUE is essential to tackle these problems. NUE of crops is determined by N uptake, transport, assimilation, and remobilization. In the process of N assimilation, nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT, also known as glutamate synthase) are the major enzymes. NR and NiR mediate the initiation of inorganic N utilization, and GS/GOGAT cycle converts inorganic N to organic N, playing a vital role in N assimilation and the final NUE of crops. Besides, asparagine synthetase (ASN), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPSase) are also involved. In this review, we summarize the function and regulation of these enzymes reported in three major crops, rice, maize, wheat, also in the model plant Arabidopsis, and we highlight their application in improving NUE of crops via manipulating N assimilation. Anticipated challenges and prospects toward fully understanding the function of N assimilation and further exploring the potential for NUE improvement are discussed.
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Gonçalves AZ, Mercier H. Transcriptomic and Biochemical Analysis Reveal Integrative Pathways Between Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Guzmania monostachia (Bromeliaceae) Under Drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:715289. [PMID: 34691096 PMCID: PMC8531410 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.715289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most epiphytes are found in low-nutrient environments with an intermittent water supply. To deal with water limitation, many bromeliads perform crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), such as Guzmania monostachia, which shifts from C3 to CAM and can recycle CO2 from the respiration while stomata remain closed during daytime and nighttime (CAM-idling mode). Since the absorbing leaf trichomes can be in contact with organic (urea) and inorganic nutrients (NO3 -, NH4 +) and the urea hydrolysis releases NH4 + and CO2, we hypothesized that urea can integrate the N and C metabolism during periods of severe drought. Under this condition, NH4 + can be assimilated into amino acids through glutamine synthetase (GS), while the CO2 can be pre-fixated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). In this context, we evaluated the foliar transcriptome of G. monostachia to compare the relative gene expression of some genes involved with CAM and the N metabolism when bromeliads were submitted to 7days of drought. We also conducted a controlled experiment with an extended water deficit period (21days) in which bromeliads were cultivated in different N sources (urea, NH4 +, and NO3 -). Our transcriptome results demonstrated an increment in the expression of genes related to CAM, particularly those involved in the carboxylation metabolism (PEPC1, PPCK, and NAD-MDH), the movement of malate through vacuolar membrane (ALMT9), and the decarboxylation process (PEPCK). Urea stimulated the expression of PEPC1 and ALMT9, while Urease transcripts increased under water deficit. Under this same condition, GS1 gene expression increased, indicating that the NH4 + from urea hydrolysis can be assimilated in the cytosol. We suggest that the link between C and N metabolism occurred through the supply of carbon skeleton (2-oxoglutarate, 2-OG) by the cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase since the number of NADP-ICDH transcripts was also higher under drought conditions. These findings indicate that while urea hydrolysis provides NH4 + that can be consumed by glutamine synthetase-cytosolic/glutamate synthase (GS1/GOGAT) cycle, the CO2 can be used by CAM, maintaining photosynthetic efficiency even when most stomata remain closed 24h (CAM-idling) as in the case of a severe water deficit condition. Thus, we suggest that urea could be used by G. monostachia as a strategy to increase its survival under drought, integrating N and C metabolism.
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Condori-Apfata JA, Batista-Silva W, Medeiros DB, Vargas JR, Valente LML, Pérez-Díaz JL, Fernie AR, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. Downregulation of the E2 Subunit of 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Modulates Plant Growth by Impacting Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:798-814. [PMID: 33693904 PMCID: PMC8484937 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, two genes encode the E2 subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-OGDH), a multimeric complex composed of three subunits. To functionally characterize the isoforms of E2 subunit, we isolated Arabidopsis mutant lines for each gene encoding the E2 subunit and performed a detailed molecular and physiological characterization of the plants under controlled growth conditions. The functional lack of expression of E2 subunit isoforms of 2-OGDH increased plant growth, reduced dark respiration and altered carbohydrate metabolism without changes in the photosynthetic rate. Interestingly, plants from e2-ogdh lines also exhibited reduced seed weight without alterations in total seed number. We additionally observed that downregulation of 2-OGDH activity led to minor changes in the levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates without clear correlation with the reduced expression of specific E2-OGDH isoforms. Furthermore, the e2-ogdh mutant lines exhibited a reduction by up to 25% in the leaf total amino acids without consistent changes in the amino acid profile. Taken together, our results indicate that the two isoforms of E2 subunit play a similar role in carbon-nitrogen metabolism, in plant growth and in seed weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Willian Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Jonas Rafael Vargas
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz M Lopes Valente
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luis Pérez-Díaz
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- * Corresponding authors: Alisdair R. Fernie, E-mail, ; Adriano Nunes-Nesi, E-mail,
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- * Corresponding authors: Alisdair R. Fernie, E-mail, ; Adriano Nunes-Nesi, E-mail,
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Li W, Yang B, Xu J, Peng L, Sun S, Huang Z, Jiang X, He Y, Wang Z. A genome-wide association study reveals that the 2-oxoglutarate/malate translocator mediates seed vigor in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:478-491. [PMID: 34376020 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Seed vigor is an important trait for the direct seeding of rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we examined the genetic architecture of variation in the germination rate using a diverse panel of rice accessions. Four quantitative trait loci for germination rate were identified using a genome-wide association study during early germination. One candidate gene, encoding the 2-oxoglutarate/malate translocator (OsOMT), was validated for qGR11. Disruption of this gene (Osomt mutants) reduced seed vigor, including seed germination and seedling growth, in rice. Functional analysis revealed that OsOMT influences seed vigor mainly by modulating amino acid levels and glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle processes. The levels of most amino acids, including the Glu family (Glu, Pro, Arg, and GABA), Asp family (Asp, Thr, Lys, Ile, and Met), Ser family (Ser, Gly, and Cys), and others (His, Ala, Leu, and Val), were significantly reduced in the mature grains and the early germinating seeds of Osomt mutants compared to wild type (WT). The glucose and soluble sugar contents, as well as adenosine triphosphate levels, were significantly decreased in germinating seeds of Osomt mutants compared to WT. These results provide important insights into the role of OsOMT in seed vigor in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jiangyu Xu
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liling Peng
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shan Sun
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhibo Huang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiuhua Jiang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongqi He
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhoufei Wang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Li H, Ghoto K, Wei MY, Gao CH, Liu YL, Ma DN, Zheng HL. Unraveling hydrogen sulfide-promoted lateral root development and growth in mangrove plant Kandelia obovata: insight into regulatory mechanism by TMT-based quantitative proteomic approaches. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1749-1766. [PMID: 33580961 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are the main intertidal ecosystems with varieties of root types along the tropical and subtropical coastlines around the world. The typical characteristics of mangrove habitats, including the abundant organic matter and nutrients, as well as the strong reductive environment, are favor for the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S, as a pivotal signaling molecule, has been evidenced in a wide variety of plant physiological and developmental processes. However, whether H2S functions in the mangrove root system establishment is not clear yet. Here, we reported the possible role of H2S in regulation of Kandelia obovata root development and growth by tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic approaches coupled with bioinformatic methods. The results showed that H2S could induce the root morphogenesis of K. obovata in a dose-dependent manner. The proteomic results successfully identified 8075 proteins, and 697 were determined as differentially expressed proteins. Based on the functional enrichment analysis, we demonstrated that H2S could promote the lateral root development and growth by predominantly regulating the proteins associated with carbohydrate metabolism, sulfur metabolism, glutathione metabolism and other antioxidant associated proteins. In addition, transcriptional regulation and brassinosteroid signal transduction associated proteins also act as important roles in lateral root development. The protein-protein interaction analysis further unravels a complicated regulation network of carbohydrate metabolism, cellular redox homeostasis, protein metabolism, secondary metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in H2S-promoted root development and growth of K. obovata. Overall, our results revealed that H2S could contribute to the morphogenesis of the unique root system of mangrove plant K. obovata, and play a positive role in the adaption of mangrove plants to intertidal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Kabir Ghoto
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Hao Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Na Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
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Transcriptome Analysis of Two Near-Isogenic Lines with Different NUE under Normal Nitrogen Conditions in Wheat. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080787. [PMID: 34440020 PMCID: PMC8389668 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary High nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the key to ensure high yield and reduce pollution. Understanding the physiological and molecular changes that regulate NUE is important for the breeding of high-NUE wheat varieties. Carbon and nitrogen metabolism are the basic metabolic pathways in plants. It becomes important to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism, which may be helpful to improve NUE. In this paper, two wheat near-isogenic lines (NILs) with contrasting NUE were performed RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify candidate genes associated with carbon/nitrogen metabolism under normal nitrogen conditions. Our research may provide new insights into the comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying NUE. Abstract Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient element for crop productivity. Unfortunately, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crop plants gradually decreases with the increase of the N application rate. Nevertheless, little has been known about the molecular mechanisms of differences in NUE among genotypes of wheat. In this study, we used RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to compare the transcriptome profiling of flag leaves at the stage of anthesis in wheat NILs (1Y, high-NUE, and 1W, low-NUE) under normal nitrogen conditions (300 kg N ha−1, corresponding to 1.6 g N pot−1). We identified 7023 DEGs (4738 upregulated and 2285 downregulated) in the comparison between lines 1Y and 1W. The responses of 1Y and 1W to normal N differed in the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Several genes belonging to the GS and GOGAT gene families were upregulated in 1Y compared with 1W, and the enhanced carbon metabolism might lead 1Y to produce more C skeletons, metabolic energy, and reductants for nitrogen metabolism. A subset of transcription factors (TFs) family members, such as ERF, WRKY, NAC, and MYB, were also identified. Collectively, these identified candidate genes provided new information for a further understanding of the genotypic difference in NUE.
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Zhang D, Zhao Y, Wang J, Zhao P, Xu S. BRS1 mediates plant redox regulation and cold responses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:268. [PMID: 34116634 PMCID: PMC8193866 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 suppressor 1 (BRS1) is a serine carboxypeptidase that mediates brassinosteroid signaling and participates in multiple developmental processes in Arabidopsis. However, little is known about the precise role of BRS1 in this context. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed transcriptional and proteomic profiles of Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing BRS1 and found that this gene was involved in both cold stress responses and redox regulation. Further proteomic evidence showed that BRS1 regulated cell redox by indirectly interacting with cytosolic NADP + -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (cICDH). One novel alternative splice form of BRS1 was identified in over-expression mutants brs1-1D, which may confer a new role in plant development and stress responses. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the role of BRS1 in plant redox regulation and stress responses, which extends our understanding of extracellular serine carboxypeptidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengbao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Co-incorporation of manure and inorganic fertilizer improves leaf physiological traits, rice production and soil functionality in a paddy field. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10048. [PMID: 33976273 PMCID: PMC8113589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined use of organic manure and chemical fertilizer (CF) is considered to be a good method for sustaining high crop yields and improving soil quality. We performed a field experiment in 2019 at the research station of Guanxi University, to investigate the effects of cattle manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) combined with CF on soil physical and biochemical properties, rice dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) accumulation and grain yield. We also evaluated differences in pre-and post-anthesis DM and N accumulation and their contributions to grain yield. The experiment consisted of six treatments: no N fertilizer (T1), 100% CF (T2), 60% CM + 40% CF (T3), 30% CM + 70% CF (T4), 60% PM + 40% CF (T5), and 30% PM + 70% CF (T6). All CF and organic manure treatments provided a total N of 150 kg ha−1. Results showed that the treatment T6 increased leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 11% and 13%, chlorophyll content by 13% and 15%, total biomass by 9% and 11% and grain yield by 11% and 17% in the early and late season, respectively, compared with T2. Similarly, the integrated manure and CF treatments improved post-antheis DM accumulation and soil properties, such as bulk density, organic carbon, total N, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) relative to the CF-only treatments. Interestingly, increases in post-anthesis DM and N accumulation were further supported by enhanced leaf Pn and activity of N-metabolizing enzyme during the grain-filling period. Improvement in Pn and N-metabolizing enzyme activity were due to mainly improved soil quality in the combined manure and synthetic fertilizer treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed a strong relationship between grain yield and soil properties, and a stronger relationship was noted with soil MBC and MBN. Conclusively, a combination of 30% N from PM or CM with 70% N from CF is a promising option for improving soil quality and rice yield.
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31
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Cui X, Zheng Y, Lu Y, Issakidis-Bourguet E, Zhou DX. Metabolic control of histone demethylase activity involved in plant response to high temperature. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1813-1828. [PMID: 33793949 PMCID: PMC8133595 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Jumonji C (JmjC) domain proteins are histone lysine demethylases that require ferrous iron and alpha-ketoglutarate (or α-KG) as cofactors in the oxidative demethylation reaction. In plants, α-KG is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenases (ICDHs) in different metabolic pathways. It remains unclear whether fluctuation of α-KG levels affects JmjC demethylase activity and epigenetic regulation of plant gene expression. In this work, we studied the impact of loss of function of the cytosolic ICDH (cICDH) gene on the function of histone demethylases in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss of cICDH resulted in increases of overall histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and enhanced mutation defects of the H3K4me3 demethylase gene JMJ14. Genetic analysis suggested that the cICDH mutation may affect the activity of other demethylases, including JMJ15 and JMJ18 that function redundantly with JMJ14 in the plant thermosensory response. Furthermore, we show that mutation of JMJ14 affected both the gene activation and repression programs of the plant thermosensory response and that JMJ14 and JMJ15 repressed a set of genes that are likely to play negative roles in the process. The results provide evidence that histone H3K4 demethylases are involved in the plant response to elevated ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Cui
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Yu Zheng
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yue Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | | | - Dao-Xiu Zhou
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Xu B, Chen Y, Wang H, Zhao W, Zhou Z. Elevated temperature and waterlogging decrease cottonseed quality by altering the accumulation and distribution of carbohydrates, oil and protein. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:108-124. [PMID: 32951218 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil waterlogging and high-temperature events have occurred simultaneously in recent years in the Yangtze River basin cotton belt region of China, negatively affecting the development and quality of cottonseed. This study investigated the effects of the combination of elevated temperature (ET) (34.1/29.0°C) and waterlogging (3 or 6 days) on the accumulation and distribution of oil, protein and carbohydrates in cottonseed during flowering and boll development. The results showed that ET resulted in greater decreases in cottonseed biomass under waterlogging than under control conditions. The combination of waterlogging and ET significantly limited the accumulation of carbohydrates and oil contents. However, ET promoted protein accumulation and compensated for the negative effects of 3-day waterlogging on the final protein content. The combined ET and 6-day waterlogging significantly decreased the final contents of oil and protein by limiting carbon flux and NADPH supply because of the decreased activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49). The PEPC activity was correlated more with protein content than oil content. In addition, simultaneous exposure to waterlogging and ET resulted in lower unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratios and essential amino acid/non-essential amino acid ratios than did exposure to the individual factors alone. These findings could provide the theoretical support for the prospective assessment of effects of high temperature and waterlogging stresses on cotton production under climate change, and they can help to develop effective techniques in cotton cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Haimiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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Zhu W, Han H, Liu A, Guan Q, Kang J, David L, Dufresne C, Chen S, Tian J. Combined ultraviolet and darkness regulation of medicinal metabolites in Mahonia bealei revealed by proteomics and metabolomics. J Proteomics 2020; 233:104081. [PMID: 33352312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Roots of Mahonia bealei have been used as traditional Chinese medicine with antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties due to its high alkaloid content. Previously, we reported that alkaloid and flavonoid contents in the M. bealei leaves could be increased by the combined ultraviolet B and dark treatment (UV+D). To explore the underlying metabolic pathways and networks, proteomic and metabolomic analyses of the M. bealei leaves were conducted. Proteins related to tricarboxylic acid cycle, transport and signaling varied greatly under the UV + D. Among them, calmodulin involved in calcium signaling and ATP-binding cassette transporter involved in transport of berberine were increased. Significantly changed metabolites were overrepresented in phenylalanine metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, phenylpropanoid, flavonoid and alkaloid biosynthesis. In addition, the levels of salicylic acid and gibberellin decreased in the UV group and increased in the UV + D group. These results indicate that multi-hormone crosstalk may regulate the biosynthesis of flavonoids and alkaloids to alleviate oxidative stress caused by the UV + D treatment. Furthermore, protoberberine alkaloids may be induced through calcium signaling crosstalk with reaction oxygen species and transported to leaves. SIGNIFICANCE: Mahonia bealei root and stem, not leaf, were used as traditional medicine for a long history because of the high contents of active components. In the present study, UV-B combined with dark treatments induced the production of alkaloids and flavonoids in the M. bealei leaf, especially protoberberine alkaloids such as berberine. Multi-omics analyses indicated that multi-hormone crosstalk, enhanced tricarboxylic acid cycle and active calcium signaling were involved. The study informs a strategy for utilization of the leaves, and improves understanding of the functions of secondary metabolites in M. bealei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Changsu Qiushi Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215500, PR China
| | - Haote Han
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Amin Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Qijie Guan
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jianing Kang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Lisa David
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Craig Dufresne
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, West Palm Beach, FL 33407, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
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Cui M, Gu M, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Chen C, Ling HQ, Wu H. Glutamate synthase 1 is involved in iron-deficiency response and long-distance transportation in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1925-1941. [PMID: 32584503 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential microelement for plant growth. After uptake from the soil, iron is chelated by ligands and translocated from roots to shoots for subsequent utilization. However, the number of ligands involved in iron chelation is unclear. In this study, we identified and demonstrated that GLU1, which encodes a ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase, was involved in iron homeostasis. First, the expression of GLU1 was strongly induced by iron deficiency condition. Second, lesion of GLU1 results in reduced transcription of many iron-deficiency-responsive genes in roots and shoots. The mutant plants revealed a decreased iron concentration in the shoots, and displayed severe leaf chlorosis under the condition of Fe limitation, compared to wild-type. Third, the product of GLU1, glutamate, could chelate iron in vivo and promote iron transportation. Last, we also found that supplementation of glutamate in the medium can alleviate cadmium toxicity in plants. Overall, our results provide evidence that GLU1 is involved in iron homeostasis through affecting glutamate synthesis under iron deficiency conditions in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengjun Gu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaru Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hong-Qing Ling
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huilan Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Gai Z, Liu L, Zhang J, Liu J, Cai L. Effects of exogenous α-oxoglutarate on proline accumulation, ammonium assimilation and photosynthesis of soybean seedling (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) exposed to cold stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17017. [PMID: 33046814 PMCID: PMC7550343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of exogenous α-oxoglutarate on leaf proline accumulation, ammonium assimilation and photosynthesis of soybean when exposed to cold stress. To achieve this objective, exogenous α-oxoglutarate was sprayed to potted seedlings of Henong60 and Heinong48 at 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mmol/L, identified as A0, A2.5, A5.0, and A7.5, respectively. Leaf samples were collected after cold stress of 24 h (S1 stage) and 48 h (S2 stage). The results indicated that exogenous α-oxoglutarate significantly enhanced leaf GS activity, NADP-GDH activity, glutamate content, proline content and photosynthesis of soybean seedling exposed to cold stress at S1 and S2 stages. The ammonium content in leaf was significantly decreased by exogenous α-oxoglutarate at both stages. 5.0 mmol/L of exogenous α-oxoglutarate is the optimum concentration in this study. Leaf proline content for Henong60 and Heinong48 at A5.0 was 37.53% and 17.96% higher than that at A0 at S1 stage, respectively. Proline content for Henong60 and Heinong48 increased by 28.82% and 12.41% at A5.0 and A0, respectively, at S2 stage. Those results suggested that exogenous α-oxoglutarate could alleviate the adverse effects of cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Gai
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Xuefu Road 368, Harbin City, 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anqing Street 531, Dongfeng District, Jiamusi City, 154007, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Harbin City, 150038, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anqing Street 531, Dongfeng District, Jiamusi City, 154007, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Jingqi Liu
- Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anqing Street 531, Dongfeng District, Jiamusi City, 154007, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lijun Cai
- Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anqing Street 531, Dongfeng District, Jiamusi City, 154007, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Xun Z, Guo X, Li Y, Wen X, Wang C, Wang Y. Quantitative proteomics analysis of tomato growth inhibition by ammonium nitrogen. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:129-141. [PMID: 32559517 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As a single nitrogen source, ammonium (NH4+) can inhibit the growth of plants, especially when applied in excess. Tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics technology was employed in the current study to explore and analyze the mechanisms of ammonium-induced inhibition. F1 tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) was used in this study. Seedlings at the four leaf-stages grown in a greenhouse were irrigated using nutrient solution with NH4+-N as single nitrogen source (15 mmol L-1, single NO3--N as control) for 5 weeks. Compared to the control, the root biomass of NH4+-N-treated seedlings decreased by 50%. In addition, NH4+ content in roots was 2.83-fold increased and soluble sugar and protein contents were increased. However, the starch content did not change significantly. The activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), which are involved in ammonium assimilation, were increased, and glutamine (Gln) content was also increased. However, glutamate (Glu) content, which is important for amino transfer, did not significantly increase. Ammonium assimilation was inhibited. Root quantitative proteomics showed that carbonic anhydrase Q5NE21 was significantly downregulated. Although K4BPV5 and K4D9J3 proteins, which improve ammonium assimilation, were upregulated, ammonium assimilation was limited. In addition, NH4+ accumulated, which is likely due to Q5NE21 downregulation. Meanwhile, cell wall metabolism related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was altered due to the accumulation of NH4+ levels. Subsequently, tomato root growth was inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Xun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangzhen Wen
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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Hao DL, Zhou JY, Yang SY, Huang YN, Su YH. Functional and Regulatory Characterization of Three AMTs in Maize Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:884. [PMID: 32676086 PMCID: PMC7333355 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Maize grows in nitrate-dominated dryland soils, but shortly upon localized dressing of nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium is retained as a noticeable form of nitrogen source available to roots. Thus in addition to nitrate, the absorption of ammonium can be an important strategy that promotes rapid plant growth at strong nitrogen demanding stages. The present study reports the functional characterization of three root-expressed ammonium transporters (AMTs), aiming at finding out functional and regulatory properties that correlate with efficient nitrogen acquisition of maize. Using a stable electrophysiological recording method we previously established in Xenopus laevis oocytes that integrates the capture of currents in response to voltage ramps with onsite stability controls, we demonstrate that all three ZmAMT1s engage NH4 + uniporting as ammonium uptake mechanisms. The K m value for ZmAMT1.1a, 1.1b, or ZmAMT1.3 is, respectively, 9.9, 15.6, or 18.6 μM, indicating a typical high-affinity transport of NH4 + ions. Importantly, the uptake currents of these ZmAMT1s are markedly amplified upon extracellular acidification. A pH drop from 7.4 to 5.4 results in a 140.8%, 64.1% or a 120.7% increase of ammonium uptake activity through ZmAMT1.1a, 1.1b, or ZmAMT1.3. Since ammonium uptake by plant roots accompanies a spontaneous acidification to the root medium, the functional promotion of ZmAMT1.1a, 1.1b, and ZmAMT1.3 by low pH is in line with the facilitated ammonium uptake activity in maize roots. Furthermore, the expression of the three ZmAMT1 genes is induced under ammonium-dominated conditions. Thus we describe a facilitated ammonium uptake strategy in maize roots by functional and expression regulations of ZmAMT1 transporters that may coordinate with efficient acquisition of this form of nitrogen source when available.
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Cañas RA, Yesbergenova-Cuny Z, Belanger L, Rouster J, Brulé L, Gilard F, Quilleré I, Sallaud C, Hirel B. NADH-GOGAT Overexpression Does Not Improve Maize ( Zea mays L .) Performance Even When Pyramiding with NAD-IDH, GDH and GS. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E130. [PMID: 31973049 PMCID: PMC7076717 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Maize plants overexpressing NADH-GOGAT were produced in order to determine if boosting 2-Oxoglurate production used as a carbon skeleton for the biosynthesis of amino acids will improve plant biomass and kernel production. The NADH-GOGAT enzyme recycles glutamate and incorporates carbon skeletons into the ammonium assimilation pathway using the organic acid 2-Oxoglutarate as a substrate. Gene pyramiding was then conducted with NAD-IDH and NADH-GDH, two enzymes also involved in the synthesis of 2-Oxoglurate. NADH-GOGAT overexpression was detrimental for shoot biomass production but did not markedly affect kernel yield. Additional NAD-IDH and NADH-GDH activity did not improve plant performance. A decrease in kernel production was observed when NADH-GDH was pyramided to NADH-GOGAT and NAD-IDH. This decrease could not be restored even when additional cytosolic GS activity was present in the plants overexpressing the three enzymes producing 2-Oxoglutarate. Detailed leaf metabolic profiling of the different transgenic plants revealed that the NADH-GOGAT over-expressors were characterized by an accumulation of amino acids derived from glutamate and a decrease in the amount of carbohydrates further used to provide carbon skeletons for its synthesis. The study suggests that 2-Oxoglutarate synthesis is a key element acting at the interface of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism and that its accumulation induces an imbalance of primary carbon and nitrogen metabolism that is detrimental for maize productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A. Cañas
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, RD10, 78026 Versailles, CEDEX, France (Z.Y.-C.); (L.B.); (L.B.); (I.Q.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Zhazira Yesbergenova-Cuny
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, RD10, 78026 Versailles, CEDEX, France (Z.Y.-C.); (L.B.); (L.B.); (I.Q.)
| | - Léo Belanger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, RD10, 78026 Versailles, CEDEX, France (Z.Y.-C.); (L.B.); (L.B.); (I.Q.)
| | - Jacques Rouster
- BIOGEMMA, GM Trait Discovery, Site de la Garenne, Route d’Ennezat, CS 90126, F-63720 Chappes, France; (J.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Lenaïg Brulé
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, RD10, 78026 Versailles, CEDEX, France (Z.Y.-C.); (L.B.); (L.B.); (I.Q.)
| | - Françoise Gilard
- IPS2/Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Isabelle Quilleré
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, RD10, 78026 Versailles, CEDEX, France (Z.Y.-C.); (L.B.); (L.B.); (I.Q.)
| | - Christophe Sallaud
- BIOGEMMA, GM Trait Discovery, Site de la Garenne, Route d’Ennezat, CS 90126, F-63720 Chappes, France; (J.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Bertrand Hirel
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, RD10, 78026 Versailles, CEDEX, France (Z.Y.-C.); (L.B.); (L.B.); (I.Q.)
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Sipari N, Lihavainen J, Shapiguzov A, Kangasjärvi J, Keinänen M. Primary Metabolite Responses to Oxidative Stress in Early-Senescing and Paraquat Resistant Arabidopsis thaliana rcd1 (Radical-Induced Cell Death1). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:194. [PMID: 32180786 PMCID: PMC7059619 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rcd1 (radical-induced cell death1) is an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, which exhibits high tolerance to paraquat [methyl viologen (MV)], herbicide that interrupts photosynthetic electron transport chain causing the formation of superoxide and inhibiting NADPH production in the chloroplast. To understand the biochemical mechanisms of MV-resistance and the role of RCD1 in oxidative stress responses, we performed metabolite profiling of wild type (Col-0) and rcd1 plants in light, after MV exposure and after prolonged darkness. The function of RCD1 has been extensively studied at transcriptomic and biochemical level, but comprehensive metabolite profiling of rcd1 mutant has not been conducted until now. The mutant plants exhibited very different metabolic features from the wild type under light conditions implying enhanced glycolytic activity, altered nitrogen and nucleotide metabolism. In light conditions, superoxide production was elevated in rcd1, but no metabolic markers of oxidative stress were detected. Elevated senescence-associated metabolite marker levels in rcd1 at early developmental stage were in line with its early-senescing phenotype and possible mitochondrial dysfunction. After MV exposure, a marked decline in the levels of glycolytic and TCA cycle intermediates in Col-0 suggested severe plastidic oxidative stress and inhibition of photosynthesis and respiration, whereas in rcd1 the results indicated sustained photosynthesis and respiration and induction of energy salvaging pathways. The accumulation of oxidative stress markers in both plant lines indicated that MV-resistance in rcd1 derived from the altered regulation of cellular metabolism and not from the restricted delivery of MV into the cells or chloroplasts. Considering the evidence from metabolomic, transcriptomic and biochemical studies, we propose that RCD1 has a negative effect on reductive metabolism and rerouting of the energy production pathways. Thus, the altered, highly active reductive metabolism, energy salvaging pathways and redox transfer between cellular compartments in rcd1 could be sufficient to avoid the negative effects of MV-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- *Correspondence: Nina Sipari,
| | - Jenna Lihavainen
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexey Shapiguzov
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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Condori-Apfata JA, Batista-Silva W, Medeiros DB, Vargas JR, Valente LML, Heyneke E, Pérez-Diaz JL, Fernie AR, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. The Arabidopsis E 1 subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex modulates plant growth and seed production. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:183-202. [PMID: 31286324 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Isoforms of 2-OGDH E1 subunit are not functionally redundant in plant growth and development of A. thaliana. The tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-OGDH) converts 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) to succinyl-CoA concomitant with the reduction of NAD+. 2-OGDH has an essential role in plant metabolism, being both a limiting step during mitochondrial respiration as well as a key player in carbon-nitrogen interactions. In Arabidopsis thaliana two genes encode for E1 subunit of 2-OGDH but the physiological roles of each isoform remain unknown. Thus, in the present study we isolated Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion knockout mutant lines for each of the genes encoding the E1 subunit of 2-OGDH enzyme. All mutant plants exhibited substantial reduction in both respiration and CO2 assimilation rates. Furthermore, mutant lines exhibited reduced levels of chlorophylls and nitrate, increased levels of sucrose, malate and fumarate and minor changes in total protein and starch levels in leaves. Despite the similar metabolic phenotypes for the two E1 isoforms the reduction in the expression of each gene culminated in different responses in terms of plant growth and seed production indicating distinct roles for each isoform. Collectively, our results demonstrated the importance of the E1 subunit of 2-OGDH in both autotrophic and heterotrophic tissues and suggest that the two E1 isoforms are not functionally redundant in terms of plant growth in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Willian Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jonas Rafael Vargas
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Mário Lopes Valente
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Elmien Heyneke
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Jorge Luis Pérez-Diaz
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Li S, Li Y, He X, Li Q, Liu B, Ai X, Zhang D. Response of water balance and nitrogen assimilation in cucumber seedlings to CO 2 enrichment and salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:256-263. [PMID: 30921737 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of CO2 enrichment on water balance and nitrogen (N) assimilation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinyou No.35) seedlings under salt stress were investigated. Two-way randomized block design was used: the main treatment consisted of two [CO2] levels, ambient and enriched (400 and 800 ± 40 μmol mol-1, respectively), and the minor treatment consisted on two salinity treatment levels, 0 and 80 mmol L-1 NaCl. The results showed that, under the experimental conditions, enriched [CO2] and salt stress significantly inhibited the N assimilation process in cucumber leaves; however, enriched [CO2] had no effect on the nitrate (NO3-) reduction or ammonium (NH4+) assimilation of leaves under salt stress, inhibiting only the transamination. Moreover, enriched [CO2] increased the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, vacuolar membrane H+-ATPase activity and root hydraulic conductivity under salt stress, thereby increasing the ion selective absorption and water absorption capacity. To a certain extent, enriched [CO2] promoted the accumulation of K+ in plants, which significantly reduced the Na+/K+ ratio; moreover, the enrichment ultimately improved the water state conditions and helped to maintain the ion balance in plants under stress, ensuring normal enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Yiman Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Xinrui He
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Qingming Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Environment Controlled Agricultural Engineering in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Tai'an, 271018, PR China.
| | - Binbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, PR China.
| | - Xizhen Ai
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Dalong Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Environment Controlled Agricultural Engineering in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
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Xie T, Gu W, Wang M, Zhang L, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li L, Wei S. Exogenous 2-(3,4-Dichlorophenoxy) triethylamine ameliorates the soil drought effect on nitrogen metabolism in maize during the pre-female inflorescence emergence stage. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:107. [PMID: 30890144 PMCID: PMC6425708 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) metabolism plays an important role in plant drought tolerance. 2-(3,4-Dichlorophenoxy) triethylamine (DCPTA) regulates many aspects of plant development; however, the effects of DCPTA on soil drought tolerance are poorly understood, and the possible role of DCPTA on nitrogen metabolism has not yet been explored. RESULTS In the present study, the effects of DCPTA on N metabolism in maize (Zea mays L.) under soil drought and rewatering conditions during the pre-female inflorescence emergence stage were investigated in 2016 and 2017. The results demonstrated that the foliar application of DCPTA (25 mg/L) significantly alleviated drought-induced decreases in maize yield, shoot and root relative growth rate (RGR), leaf relative water content (RWC), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr), and nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), soluble protein contents, and nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) activities. In addition, the foliar application of DCPTA suppressed the increases of intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), ammonium (NH4+) and free amino acid contents, and the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and protease activities of the maize. Simultaneously, under drought conditions, the DCPTA application improved the spatial and temporal distribution of roots, increased the root hydraulic conductivity (Lp), flow rate of root-bleeding sap and NO3- delivery rates of the maize. Moreover, the DCPTA application protected the chloroplast structure from drought injury. CONCLUSIONS The data show, exogenous DCPTA mitigates the repressive effects of drought on N metabolism by maintained a stabilized supply of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) and reducing equivalents provided by photosynthesis via favorable leaf water status and chloroplast structure, and NO3- uptake and long-distance transportation from the roots to the leaves via the production of excess roots, as a result, DCPTA application enhances drought tolerance during the pre-female inflorescence emergence stage of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenglong Xie
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, China
| | - Wanrong Gu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, China
| | - Mingquan Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368, Xuefu Street, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368, Xuefu Street, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Congfeng Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12, Zhongguancunnan Street, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Caifeng Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Maize Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368, Xuefu Street, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Lijie Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, China
| | - Shi Wei
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, China
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Yoneyama T, Suzuki A. Exploration of nitrate-to-glutamate assimilation in non-photosynthetic roots of higher plants by studies of 15N-tracing, enzymes involved, reductant supply, and nitrate signaling: A review and synthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 136:245-254. [PMID: 30710774 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Roots of the higher plants can assimilate inorganic nitrogen by an enzymatic reduction of the most oxidized form (+6) nitrate to the reduced form (-2) glutamate. For such reactions, the substrates (originated from photosynthates) must be imported to supply energy through the reductant-generating systems within the root cells. Intensive studies over last 70 years (reviewed here) revealed the precise mechanisms of nitrate-to-glutamate transformation in roots with elaborate searches of 15N-tracing, enzymes involved, the reductant-supplying system, and nitrate signaling. In the 1970s, the tracing of 15N-labeled nitrate and ammonia in the roots demonstrated the sequential reduction and assimilation of nitrate to nitrite, ammonia, glutamine amide, and then glutamate. These reactions involve nitrate reductase (NADH-NR, EC 1.7.1.1) in the cytosol, nitrite reductase (ferredoxin [Fd]-NiR, EC 1.7.7.1), glutamine synthetase (GS2, EC 6.3.1.2), and glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT, EC 1.4.7.1) in the plastids. NADH for NR is generated by glycolysis in the cytosol, and NADPH for Fd-NIR and Fd-GOGAT are produced by the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). Electrons from NADPH are conveyed to reduce NIR and Fd-GOGAT through Fd-NADP+ reductase (FNR, EC 1.6.7.1) specifically in the roots. Physiological and molecular analyses showed the parallel inductions of NR, NIR, GS2, Fd-GOGAT, OPPP enzymes, FNR, and Fd in response to a short-term nitrate supply. Recent studies proposed a molecular mechanism of nitrate-induction of these genes and proteins. Roots can also assimilate the reduced form of inorganic ammonia by the combination of cytosolic GS1 and plastidic NADH-GOGAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadakatsu Yoneyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akira Suzuki
- INRA, IJPB, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, F-78026, France.
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Niazi AK, Bariat L, Riondet C, Carapito C, Mhamdi A, Noctor G, Reichheld JP. Cytosolic Isocitrate Dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana Is Regulated by Glutathionylation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8010016. [PMID: 30625997 PMCID: PMC6356969 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NADP-dependent (Nicotinamide Adénine Dinucléotide Phosphate-dependent) isocitrate dehydrogenases (NADP-ICDH) are metabolic enzymes involved in 2-oxoglutarate biosynthesis, but they also supply cells with NADPH. Different NADP-ICDH genes are found in Arabidopsis among which a single gene encodes for a cytosolic ICDH (cICDH) isoform. Here, we show that cICDH is susceptible to oxidation and that several cysteine (Cys) residues are prone to S-nitrosylation upon nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) treatment. Moreover, we identified a single S-glutathionylated cysteine Cys363 by mass-spectrometry analyses. Modeling analyses suggest that Cys363 is not located in the close proximity of the cICDH active site. In addition, mutation of Cys363 consistently does not modify the activity of cICDH. However, it does affect the sensitivity of the enzyme to GSNO, indicating that S-glutathionylation of Cys363 is involved in the inhibition of cICDH activity upon GSNO treatments. We also show that glutaredoxin are able to rescue the GSNO-dependent inhibition of cICDH activity, suggesting that they act as a deglutathionylation system in vitro. The glutaredoxin system, conversely to the thioredoxin system, is able to remove S-nitrosothiol adducts from cICDH. Finally, NADP-ICDH activities were decreased both in a catalase2 mutant and in mutants affected in thiol reduction systems, suggesting a role of the thiol reduction systems to protect NADP-ICDH activities in planta. In line with our observations in Arabidopsis, we found that the human recombinant NADP-ICDH activity is also sensitive to oxidation in vitro, suggesting that this redox mechanism might be shared by other ICDH isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan Niazi
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Laetitia Bariat
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
| | - Christophe Riondet
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
| | - Christine Carapito
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7178, 67037 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université Evry, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Graham Noctor
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université Evry, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
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Araniti F, Costas-Gil A, Cabeiras-Freijanes L, Lupini A, Sunseri F, Reigosa MJ, Abenavoli MR, Sánchez-Moreiras AM. Rosmarinic acid induces programmed cell death in Arabidopsis seedlings through reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208802. [PMID: 30586368 PMCID: PMC6306208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytotoxic potential of rosmarinic acid (RA), a caffeic acid ester largely found in aromatic species, was evaluated on Arabidopsis through metabolomic and microscopic approaches. In-vitro bioassays pointed out that RA affected root growth and morphology, causing ROS burst, ROS scavengers activity inhibition and consequently, an alteration on cells organization and ultrastructure. In particular, RA-treatment (175 μM) caused strong vacuolization, alteration of mitochondria structure and function and a consistent ROS-induced reduction of their transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). These data suggested a cell energy deficit also confirmed by the metabolomic analysis, which highlighted a strong alteration of both TCA cycle and amino acids metabolism. Moreover, the increase in H2O2 and O2- contents suggested that RA-treated meristems underwent oxidative stress, resulting in apoptotic bodies and necrotic cells. Taken together, these results suggest that RA inhibits two of the main ROS scavengers causing high ROS accumulation, responsible of the alterations on mitochondrial ultrastructure and activity through ΔΨm dissipation, TCA-cycle alteration, cell starvation and consequently cell death on Arabidopsis seedlings. All these effects resulted in a strong inhibition on root growth and development, which convert RA in a promising molecule to be explored for further use in weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Araniti
- Department AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Aitana Costas-Gil
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science. University of Vigo. Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luz Cabeiras-Freijanes
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science. University of Vigo. Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
- CÍTACA. Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga. University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Antonio Lupini
- Department AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Department AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Manuel J. Reigosa
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science. University of Vigo. Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
- CÍTACA. Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga. University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Department AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science. University of Vigo. Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
- CÍTACA. Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga. University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Naliwajski MR, Skłodowska M. The relationship between carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber leaves acclimated to salt stress. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6043. [PMID: 30581664 PMCID: PMC6292378 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study examines the effect of acclimation on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber leaves subjected to moderate and severe NaCl stress. The levels of glucose, sucrose, NADH/NAD+-GDH, AspAT, AlaAT, NADP+-ICDH, G6PDH and 6GPDH activity were determined after 24 and 72 hour periods of salt stress in acclimated and non-acclimated plants. Although both groups of plants showed high Glc and Suc accumulation, they differed with regard to the range and time of accumulation. Acclimation to salinity decreased the activities of NADP+-ICDH and deaminating NAD+-GDH compared to controls; however, these enzymes, together with the other examined parameters, showed elevated values in the stressed plants. The acclimated plants showed higher G6PDH activity than the non-acclimated plants, whereas both groups demonstrated similar 6PGDH activity. The high activities of NADH-GDH, AlaAT and AspAT observed in the examined plants could be attributed to a high demand for glutamate. The observed changes may be required for the maintenance of correct TCA cycle activity, and acclimation appeared to positively influence these adaptive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Robert Naliwajski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Skłodowska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Fukushima A, Hikosaka S, Kobayashi M, Nishizawa T, Saito K, Goto E, Kusano M. A Systems Analysis With "Simplified Source-Sink Model" Reveals Metabolic Reprogramming in a Pair of Source-to-Sink Organs During Early Fruit Development in Tomato by LED Light Treatments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1439. [PMID: 30364178 PMCID: PMC6191670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model crop for studying development regulation and ripening in flesh fruits and vegetables. Supplementary light to maintain the optimal light environment can lead to the stable growth of tomatoes in greenhouses and areas without sufficient daily light integral. Technological advances in genome-wide molecular phenotyping have dramatically enhanced our understanding of metabolic shifts in the plant metabolism across tomato fruit development. However, comprehensive metabolic and transcriptional behaviors along the developmental process under supplementary light provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) remain to be fully elucidated. We present integrative omic approaches to identify the impact on the metabolism of a single tomato plant leaf exposed to monochromatic red LEDs of different intensities during the fruit development stage. Our special light delivery system, the "simplified source-sink model," involves the exposure of a single leaf below the second truss to red LED light of different intensities. We evaluated fruit-size- and fruit-shape variations elicited by different light intensities. Our findings suggest that more than high-light treatment (500 μmol m-2 s-1) with the red LED light is required to accelerate fruit growth for 2 weeks after anthesis. To investigate transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in leaf- and fruit samples we used microarray-, RNA sequencing-, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. We found that metabolic shifts in the carbohydrate metabolism and in several key pathways contributed to fruit development, including ripening and cell-wall modification. Our findings suggest that the proposed workflow aids in the identification of key metabolites in the central metabolism that respond to monochromatic red-LED treatment and contribute to increase the fruit size of tomato plants. This study expands our understanding of systems-level responses mediated by low-, appropriate-, and high levels of red light irradiation in the fruit growth of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shoko Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Goto
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Cánovas FM, Cañas RA, de la Torre FN, Pascual MB, Castro-Rodríguez V, Avila C. Nitrogen Metabolism and Biomass Production in Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1449. [PMID: 30323829 PMCID: PMC6172323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Low nitrogen (N) availability is a major limiting factor for tree growth and development. N uptake, assimilation, storage and remobilization are key processes in the economy of this essential nutrient, and its efficient metabolic use largely determines vascular development, tree productivity and biomass production. Recently, advances have been made that improve our knowledge about the molecular regulation of acquisition, assimilation and internal recycling of N in forest trees. In poplar, a model tree widely used for molecular and functional studies, the biosynthesis of glutamine plays a central role in N metabolism, influencing multiple pathways both in primary and secondary metabolism. Moreover, the molecular regulation of glutamine biosynthesis is particularly relevant for accumulation of N reserves during dormancy and in N remobilization that takes place at the onset of the next growing season. The characterization of transgenic poplars overexpressing structural and regulatory genes involved in glutamine biosynthesis has provided insights into how glutamine metabolism may influence the N economy and biomass production in forest trees. Here, a general overview of this research topic is outlined, recent progress are analyzed and challenges for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M. Cánovas
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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49
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Balmer A, Pastor V, Glauser G, Mauch-Mani B. Tricarboxylates Induce Defense Priming Against Bacteria in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1221. [PMID: 30177948 PMCID: PMC6110165 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of plants to biotic stress results in an effective induction of numerous defense mechanisms that involve a vast redistribution within both primary and secondary metabolisms. For instance, an alteration of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) levels can accompany the increase of plant resistance stimulated by various synthetic and natural inducers. Moreover, components of the TCA flux may play a role during the set-up of plant defenses. In this study, we show that citrate and fumarate, two major components of the TCA cycle, are able to induce priming in Arabidopsis against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Both citrate and fumarate show no direct antimicrobial effect and therefore enhanced bacterial resistance found in planta is solely based on the induction of the plant defense system. During the priming phase, both TCA intermediates did not induce any changes in transcript abundances of a set of defense genes, and in phytohormones and camalexin levels. However, at early time points of bacterial challenge, citrate induced a stronger salicylic acid and camalexin accumulation followed later by a boost of the jasmonic acid pathway. On the other hand, adaptations of hormonal pathways in fumarate-treated plants were more complex. While jasmonic acid was not induced, mutants impaired in jasmonic acid perception failed to mount a proper priming response induced by fumarate. Our results suggest that changes in carboxylic acid abundances can enhance Arabidopsis defense through complex signaling pathways. This highlights a promising feature of TCAs as novel defense priming agents and calls for further exploration in other pathosystems and stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balmer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Pastor
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of CAMN, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | - Gaetan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Mauch-Mani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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50
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Pascual MB, Molina-Rueda JJ, Cánovas FM, Gallardo F. Overexpression of a cytosolic NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase causes alterations in the vascular development of hybrid poplars. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:992-1005. [PMID: 29920606 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) is one of the major enzymes involved in the production of 2-oxoglutarate for amino acid biosynthesis in plants. In most plants studied, ICDH is encoded by either one gene or a small gene family, and the protein sequence has been highly conserved during evolution, suggesting it plays different and essential roles in metabolism and differentiation. To elucidate the role of ICDH in hybrid poplar (Populus tremula x P. alba), transgenic plants overexpressing the Pinus pinaster gene were generated. Overexpression of ICDH resulted in hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × P. alba) trees with higher expression levels of the endogenous ICDH gene and higher enzyme content than control untransformed plants. Transgenic poplars also showed an increased expression of glutamine synthetase (GS1.3), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and other genes associated with vascular differentiation. Furthermore, these plants exhibited increased growth in height, longer internodes and enhanced vascular development in young leaves and the apical region of stem. Modifications in amino acid and organic acid content were observed in young leaves of the transgenic lines, suggesting an increased biosynthesis of amino acids for building new structures and also for transport to other sink organs, as expanding leaves or young stems. Taken together, these results support an important role of ICDH in plant growth and vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Pascual
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Molina-Rueda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco M Cánovas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Gallardo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
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