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Yan S, Chen J, Zhu L, Guo T, Qin D, Hu Z, Han S, Zhou Y, Akan OD, Wang J, Luo F, Lin Q. Oryzanol Attenuates High Fat and Cholesterol Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia by Regulating the Gut Microbiome and Amino Acid Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6429-6443. [PMID: 35587527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is intricately associated with the dysregulation of gut microbiota and host metabolomes. This study explored the antihyperlipidemic function of oryzanol and investigated whether the function of oryzanol affected the gut microbiome and its related metabolites. Hamsters were fed a standard diet (Control) and a high fat and cholesterol (HFCD) diet with or without oryzanol, separately. Our results showed that oryzanol significantly decreased HFCD-induced fat accumulation, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, triglyceride, and liver steatohepatitis, attenuated HFCD-induced gut microbiota alterations, and altered amino acid concentrations in feces and the liver. We investigated the role of the gut microbiota in the observed beneficial effects; the protective effects of oryzanol were partly diminished by suppressing the gut bacteria of hamsters after using antibiotics. A fecal microbiota transplantation experiment was carried out by transplanting the feces from HFCD group hamsters or hamsters given oryzanol supplementation (as a donor hamster). Our results showed that administering the fecal liquid from oryzanol-treated hamsters attenuated HFCD-induced hyperlipidemia, significantly decreased the abundance of norank_f__Erysipelotrichaceae, norank_f__Eubacteriaceae, and norank_f__Oscillospiraceae and the concentration of tyrosine. These outcomes are significantly positively correlated with serum lipid concentration. This study illustrated that gut microbiota is the target of oryzanol in the antihyperlipidemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jihong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Tianyi Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Dandan Qin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zuomin Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Shuai Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Otobang Donald Akan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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La Merrill MA, Johnson CL, Smith MT, Kandula NR, Macherone A, Pennell KD, Kanaya AM. Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Their Relationship to Hepatic Fat and Insulin Insensitivity among Asian Indian Immigrants in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13906-13918. [PMID: 31746186 PMCID: PMC6996970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and other organochlorine compounds, are abundant in the environment and in foodstuffs from the Indian subcontinent. These environmental contaminants have been associated with a higher risk of diabetes in numerous studies. Asian Indians are well known to have a high risk of diabetes compared with other populations, and this risk is also found in migrant populations of Asian Indians in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere. We hypothesized that high plasma concentrations of POPs in Asian Indian migrants are linked to a variety of diabetes-related pathologies and explored the mechanism for the induction of these effects. We measured 30 environmental pollutants in plasma samples obtained from 147 participants in the Metabolic syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America pilot study using a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analytical method that uses less than 0.5 mL of plasma. We found that plasma levels of o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT were independently associated with both body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Doubling the levels of the sums of these DDTs was associated with insulin insensitivity (-0.38 Matsuda index, p = 0.001), increased adiposity (1.26 kg/m2 BMI and 3.58 cm waist circumference increase, p < 0.0001), circulating insulin (12.9 mIU/L, p = 0.002), hepatic fat (-0.051 HU, p = 0.001), as well as increased odds of obesity (OR = 2.17, p < 0.001, BMI-based; OR = 2.37, p = 0.001, waist-based), prediabetes (OR = 1.55, p = 0.02), diabetes (OR = 1.72, p = 0.01), and fatty liver (OR = 1.66, p = 0.01) in multivariable models accounting for confounding by age, sex, years in the US, education, and fish protein. Furthermore, levels of DDTs were associated with increased hepatic fat and circulating insulin, independent of obesity and confounders. These findings suggest that exposure to DDTs may contribute to the risk of metabolic disease among Asian Indians by affecting hepatic fat levels independent of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Caitlin L Johnson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Namratha R Kandula
- Departments of Medicine and Preventive Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , United States
| | - Anthony Macherone
- Division of Life Science and Chemical Analysis , Agilent Technologies , Santa Clara , California 95051 , United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry , The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- School of Engineering , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology & Biostatistics , University of California , San Francisco , California 94115 , United States
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Maternal folic acid supplementation does not counteract the deleterious impact of prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants on lipid homeostasis in male rat descendants. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 11:427-437. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPrenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been associated with the development of metabolic syndrome-related diseases in offspring. According to epidemiological studies, father’s transmission of environmental effects in addition to mother’s can influence offspring health. Moreover, maternal prenatal dietary folic acid (FA) may beneficially impact offspring health. The objective is to investigate whether prenatal FA supplementation can overcome the deleterious effects of prenatal exposure to POPs on lipid homeostasis and inflammation in three generations of male rat descendants through the paternal lineage. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (F0) were exposed to a POPs mixture (or corn oil) +/− FA supplementation for 9 weeks before and during gestation. F1 and F2 males were mated with untreated females. Plasma and hepatic lipids were measured in F1, F2, and F3 males after 12-h fast. Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines was determined by qPCR in epididymal adipose tissue. In F1 males, prenatal POPs exposure increased plasma lipids at 14 weeks old and hepatic lipids at 28 weeks old and prenatal FA supplementation decreased plasma total cholesterol at 14 weeks old. Prenatal POPs exposure decreased plasma triglycerides at 14 weeks old in F2 males. No change was observed in inflammatory markers. Our results show an impact of the paternal lineage on lipid homeostasis in rats up to the F2 male generation. FA supplementation of the F0 diet, regardless of POPs exposure, lowered plasma cholesterol in F1 males but failed to attenuate the deleterious effects of prenatal POPs exposure on plasma and hepatic lipids in F1 males.
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Li G, Kim C, Kim J, Yoon H, Zhou H, Kim J. Common Pesticide, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), Increases Amyloid-β Levels by Impairing the Function of ABCA1 and IDE: Implication for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:109-22. [PMID: 25720399 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by a genetic mutation, the vast majority of late-onset AD is likely caused by the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Unlike genetic studies, potential environmental factors affecting AD pathogenesis have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Among environmental factors, pesticides seem to be one of critical environmental contributors to late-onset AD. Recent studies reported that the serum and brains of AD patients have dramatically higher levels of a metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). While these epidemiological studies provided initial clues to the environmental risks potentially contributing to disease pathogenesis, a functional approach is required to determine whether they actually have a causal role in disease development. In our study, we addressed this critical knowledge gap by investigating possible mechanisms by which DDT affects amyloid-β (Aβ) levels. We treated H4-AβPPswe or H4 cells with DDT to analyze its effect on Aβ metabolism using Aβ production, clearance, and degradation assays. We found that DDT significantly increased the levels of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) and β-site AβPP-cleaving enzyme1 (BACE1), affecting Aβ synthesis pathway in H4-AβPPswe cells. Additionally, DDT impaired the clearance and extracellular degradation of Aβ peptides. Most importantly, we identified for the first time that ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) are the downstream target genes adversely affected by DDT. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms by which DDT exposure may increase the risk of AD, and it further supports that ABCA1 and IDE may be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongbo Li
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Chaeyoung Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jaekwang Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Hyejin Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Huadong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Shibui Y, Manabe Y, Kodama T, Gonsho A. 13-week repeated dose toxicity study of l-tyrosine in rats by daily oral administration. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 87:55-64. [PMID: 26646752 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the potential toxicity of l-tyrosine, 4 groups of Crl:CD(SD) rats of both sexes were administered l-tyrosine in water suspension by gavage once daily for 13 weeks at doses of 0 (vehicle), 200, 600 or 2000 mg/kg bw/day. Findings related to l-tyrosine administration were as follows. Edema of the cornified layer at the limiting ridge or forestomach was seen in 600 mg/kg bw/day female group and in both sexes of 2000 mg/kg bw/day group. In the liver, increased weight and hypertrophy of centrilobular hepatocytes were seen in both sexes at 2000 mg/kg bw/day, associated with slight increases in ALT and AST. Regarding the kidney morphology and function, increased hyaline droplets in the proximal tubules and increased urinary protein were seen in the 2000 mg/kg bw/day male group. In addition, increased kidney weight was also observed in both sexes of the 2000 mg/kg bw/day group, although the histological changes attributable to the weight increase remained unclear. As for blood chemistry, increases in triglycerides, total cholesterol, phospholipids, potassium ion, calcium, total protein, and α1 globulin were also seen in both sexes at 2000 mg/kg bw/day. Thus, in this study the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of l-tyrosine was considered to be 600 mg/kg bw/day for males and 200 mg/kg bw/day for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shibui
- Safety Evaluation Research Group, Fundamental Technology Labs., Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Manabe
- Safety Evaluation Research Group, Fundamental Technology Labs., Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Terutaka Kodama
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Research Group, Development Project Promotion Dept., Research Institute, Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Akinori Gonsho
- Safety Evaluation Research Group, Fundamental Technology Labs., Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
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Chijimatsu T, Umeki M, Kobayashi S, Kataoka Y, Yamada K, Oda H, Mochizuki S. Dietary freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) extract suppresses accumulation of hepatic lipids and increases in serum cholesterol and aminotransferase activities induced by dietary chloretone in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1155-63. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1012147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated the ameliorative effect of freshwater clam extract (FCE) on fatty liver, hypercholesterolemia, and liver injury in rats exposed to chloretone. Furthermore, we examined the effects of major FCE components (fat and protein fractions) to determine the active components in FCE. Chloretone increased serum aminotransferase activities and led to hepatic lipid accumulation. Serum aminotransferase activities and hepatic lipid content were lower in rats fed total FCE or fat/protein fractions of FCE. Expression of fatty acid synthase and fatty acid desaturase genes was upregulated by chloretone. Total FCE and fat/protein fractions of FCE suppressed the increase in gene expression involved in fatty acid synthesis. Serum cholesterol levels increased twofold upon chloretone exposure. Total FCE or fat/protein fractions of FCE showed hypocholesterolemic effects in rats with hypercholesterolemia induced by chloretone. These suggest that FCE contains at least two active components against fatty liver, hypercholesterolemia, and liver injury in rats exposed to chloretone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miki Umeki
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Science, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kataoka
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Garden for Medical Plants, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Oda
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mochizuki
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Science, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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La Merrill M, Karey E, Moshier E, Lindtner C, La Frano MR, Newman JW, Buettner C. Perinatal exposure of mice to the pesticide DDT impairs energy expenditure and metabolism in adult female offspring. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103337. [PMID: 25076055 PMCID: PMC4116186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been used extensively to control malaria, typhus, body lice and bubonic plague worldwide, until countries began restricting its use in the 1970s. Its use in malaria control continues in some countries according to recommendation by the World Health Organization. Individuals exposed to elevated levels of DDT and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) have an increased prevalence of diabetes and insulin resistance. Here we hypothesize that perinatal exposure to DDT disrupts metabolic programming leading to impaired metabolism in adult offspring. To test this, we administered DDT to C57BL/6J mice from gestational day 11.5 to postnatal day 5 and studied their metabolic phenotype at several ages up to nine months. Perinatal DDT exposure reduced core body temperature, impaired cold tolerance, decreased energy expenditure, and produced a transient early-life increase in body fat in female offspring. When challenged with a high fat diet for 12 weeks in adulthood, female offspring perinatally exposed to DDT developed glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and altered bile acid metabolism. Perinatal DDT exposure combined with high fat feeding in adulthood further impaired thermogenesis as evidenced by reductions in core temperature and in the expression of numerous RNA that promote thermogenesis and substrate utilization in the brown adipose tissue of adult female mice. These observations suggest that perinatal DDT exposure impairs thermogenesis and the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids which may increase susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome in adult female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Metabolism Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Emma Karey
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Erin Moshier
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Claudia Lindtner
- Metabolism Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael R. La Frano
- West Coast Metabolomic Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - John W. Newman
- West Coast Metabolomic Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-ARS-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Christoph Buettner
- Metabolism Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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Abstract
The elevated plasma cholesterol level, in particular, LDL cholesterol is regarded as an important risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. A number of studies provide the evidence that taurine has the efficient action to reduce plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations, especially to decrease VLDL and LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemia animal induced by high cholesterol diet. Cholesterol lowering effect of taurine is actually involved in the regulatory mechanism of cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis that mediated by CYP7A1, which has become a biomarker for cholesterol metabolism and itself is also regulated by several factors and nuclear receptors. This review summarizes the change of cholesterol concentration in metabolism observed in feeding studies of hypercholesterolemia animal dealing with taurine, and then, addresses the possible metabolic and molecular mechanisms of cholesterol lowering effect by taurine in three aspects, cholesterol clearance from blood circulation, bioconversion of cholesterol to bile acid in liver, and excretion of cholesterol and bile acid from intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Chijimatsu T, Tatsuguchi I, Oda H, Mochizuki S. A Freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) extract reduces cholesterol level and hepatic lipids in normal rats and xenobiotics-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3108-3112. [PMID: 19275237 DOI: 10.1021/jf803308h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether a freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) extract (FCE) could improve cholesterol metabolism and hepatic lipids accumulation in rats fed xenobiotics such as chloretone. Feeding chloretone resulted in hypercholesterolemia and fatty liver. An increase in serum cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL) in particular, after intake of chloretone was observed. Serum cholesterol was decreased by supplementation with FCE. Accumulation of the hepatic lipids including triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and phospholipid was significantly suppressed by supplementation with FCE. The excretion of neutral and acidic sterols into the feces was enhanced by FCE. The hepatic gene expression of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase was enhanced in rats fed a FCE-containing diet. Apolipoprotein A-I gene expression in the liver, which is a major apolipoprotein of HDL, was suppressed by FCE. These results demonstrated that FCE reduced cholesterol level and hepatic lipids in normal rats and hypercholesterolemic rats fed chloretone.
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Okazaki Y, Katayama T. Effects of dietary carbohydrate and myo-inositol on metabolic changes in rats fed 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT). J Nutr Biochem 2003; 14:81-9. [PMID: 12667599 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(02)00279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary carbohydrate [starch or sucrose (500 g/kg diet)] and myo-inositol (2 g/kg diet) on metabolic changes in rats fed 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) (0.7 g/kg diet). Dietary DDT enhanced serum and hepatic lipids and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS), elevated hepatic activities of lipogenic enzymes such as malic enzyme (ME), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS), increased hepatic cytochrome P-450 content and the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes such as aminopyrine N-demethylase, glutathione S-transferase and 4-nitrophenol-UDP glucuronosyltransferase (4NP-UDPGT) and raised hepatic ascorbic acid and serum copper. Dietary sucrose promoted the increases in hepatic concentrations of total lipids, triglyceride and cholesterol, hepatic activity of ME, hepatic TBA-RS, cytochrome P-450 content and serum copper due to DDT feeding when compared to DDT administered in a starch based diet. Dietary myo-inositol significantly depressed the rises in hepatic concentrations of total lipids, triglyceride and cholesterol and the activities of ME and G6PD due to DDT feeding regardless of dietary carbohydrate quality. Dietary starch supplemented with myo-inositol potentiated the enhancements in hepatic activities of Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase and 4NP-UDPGT due to DDT feeding. These results suggest that dietary starch and myo-inositol can protect DDT fed rats against an accumulation of hepatic lipids, which might be mainly ascribed to the depression of hepatic lipogenesis. In addition, the present study implies that the supplementation of myo-inositol to high starch diet might improve the function of drug-metabolizing enzymes exposed to DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Okazaki
- Department of Human Life Sciences Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan
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11
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Mochizuki H, Takido J, Yokogoshi H. Effect of dietary taurine on endogenous hypercholesterolemia in rats fed on phenobarbital-containing diets. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1999; 63:1298-300. [PMID: 10478458 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dietary taurine on endogenous hypercholesterolemia induced by a phenobarbital-containing diet was investigated. Supplemented taurine did not affect the concentrations of serum cholesterol, but further potentiated the accumulation of hepatic cholesterol in the hypercholesterolemic state induced by phenobarbital. It is suggested that taurine might amplify the hepatic cholesterogenesis in phenobarbital-induced hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mochizuki
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
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12
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Katayama T. Effect of dietary addition of myo-inositol on the metabolic changes in rats exposed to 1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2-bis (P-chlorophenyl) ethane. Nutr Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Huertas JR, Battino M, Barzanti V, Maranesi M, Parenti-Castelli G, Littarru GP, Turchetto E, Mataix FJ, Lenaz G. Mitochondrial and microsomal cholesterol mobilization after oxidative stress induced by adriamycin in rats fed with dietary olive and corn oil. Life Sci 1992; 50:2111-8. [PMID: 1608293 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(92)90577-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The influence of three different dietary fats (8%) and of endogenous lipid peroxidation with regard to cholesterol concentrations in liver mitochondria and microsomes and in serum has been investigated in the rat. Although the different diet fat used did not produce any effect on serum cholesterol, it was possible to show that each experimental diet differently influenced the microsomal and mitochondrial levels of cholesterol. The highest mitochondrial and microsomal cholesterol content was found in case of diet supplemented with virgin olive oil and the lowest with rectified olive oil. An endogenous oxidative stress induced by adriamycin was able to produce a clear decrease in microsomal and mitochondrial cholesterol level and a sharp increase in serum concentration in all three groups. However, dietary fats and adriamycin had no effect on the microsomal and mitochondrial membrane viscosity as detected by fluorescence polarization. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that mitochondrial and microsomal cholesterol can exchange with exogenous pools when phospholipid peroxidation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Huertas
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Università di Bologna, Italy
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14
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Nagaoka S, Kamuro H, Oda H, Yoshida A. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cholesterol and ascorbic acid metabolism in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 1991; 41:1259-61. [PMID: 1672595 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(91)90667-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Urea formation, cell number, cellular protein content and tyrosine transaminase activity were not changed by PCB addition in cultured rat hepatocytes. These results indicate that these liver functions are similar to control levels despite the addition of PCBs. Our results show that primary cultured hepatocytes mimic partially the intact liver in relation to some responses to PCBs. In isolated hepatocytes as well as in vivo, PCBs increased in cellular ascorbic acid level, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase activities. Thus, the present results may suggest that the metabolic changes in vivo concerning ascorbic acid induced by dietary PCBs were primarily related to the direct effects of PCBs per se on liver parenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaoka
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Nagoya University-Nagoya, Japan
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Nagaoka S, Miyazaki H, Aoyama Y, Yoshida A. Effects of dietary polychlorinated biphenyls on cholesterol catabolism in rats. Br J Nutr 1990; 64:161-9. [PMID: 2119219 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19900018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) caused hypercholesterolaemia in rats. The concentration and output of biliary cholesterol was significantly lower than that of the control group. Biliary output of total bile acids was significantly decreased in rats given the PCB-supplemented diet. Faecal excretion of total steroids (sum of neutral steroids and acidic steroids) was not significantly changed in rats given the PCB-supplemented diet. The present results indicate that dietary PCBs cause hypercholesterolaemia without modifying the faecal total steroids excretion. These results suggest that PCBs produce hypercholesterolaemia accompanied by changes in biliary or faecal excretion of bile acids and neutral steroids in addition to an increase in hepatic cholesterol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaoka
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Nagoya University, Japan
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Niemann R. The effects of xenobiotics on hepatic lipid and lipo-protein metabolism. EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 1990; 39:213-32. [PMID: 2257927 DOI: 10.1016/s0232-1513(11)80188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The liver occupies a central position in lipid and lipo-protein metabolism. Its function includes lipid and lipoprotein biosynthesis, assembly, packaging, transport, secretion, uptake and degradation of lipoproteins. In addition, enzymes synthesized and secreted by the liver into the blood stream or remaining bound to the endothelial cells in the capillaries, affect lipoprotein metabolism in the circulation. Xenobiotics may influence each of these steps. The mechanisms include more specific actions such as hormone or transmitter agonism and antagonism, membrane effects (stabilization or changes in trans-membrane gradients), influence on protein synthesis, influence on lipid metabolism by induction or inhibition of involved enzymes, or more general actions such as disturbances or damage of cellular membranes and cellular function. Some of these effects can easily be described as pharmacological actions, more or less independent of specific requirements in the chemical structure of the xenobiotics. Others are linked to specific chemical substituents such as carboxyl or alcoholic hydroxyl groups allowing the formation of lipid-xenobiotic-conjugates and/or the channeling of xenobiotics into lipid metabolism. This review will give a short overview of the mechanisms of xenobiotic-influenced hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Niemann
- A. Nattermann & Cie. GmbH, Cologne, FRG
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