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Jeon JH, Jeon SY, Baek YJ, Park CE, Choi MK, Han YT, Song IS. Pharmacokinetics and Enterohepatic Circulation of 2-(Quinoline-8-carboxamido)benzoic Acid (2-QBA) in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:934. [PMID: 39065631 PMCID: PMC11279551 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The quinoline alkaloid 2-(quinoline-8-carboxamido)benzoic acid (2-QBA), which is isolated from Aspergillus sp. SCSIO06786, a deep sea-derived fungus, has been suggested as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. We developed an analytical method for 2-QBA using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in mouse plasma, in which a protein precipitation method for the sample preparation of 2-QBA in mouse plasma was used due to its simplicity and good extraction recovery rates (80.49-97.56%). The linearity of the calibration standard sample, inter- and intraday precision and accuracy, and stability of three quality control samples were suitable based on the assessment criteria and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the 2-QBA was 1 ng/mL. A pharmacokinetic study of 2-QBA was performed in mice divided into oral (2.0, 5.0, and 15 mg/kg) and intravenous (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) administration groups. The absolute oral bioavailability (BA) range of 2-QBA was calculated as 68.3-83.7%. Secondary peaks were observed at approximately 4-8 h after the oral administration of 2-QBA at all doses. The elimination half-life of the orally administered 2-QBA was significantly longer than that of the intravenous 2-QBA. In addition, glucuronide metabolites of 2-QBA were identified. They were transformed into 2-QBA using the β-glucuronidase treatment. Furthermore, the 2-QBA was readily absorbed from the jejunum to lower ileum. Taken together, the secondary peaks could be explained by the enterohepatic circulation of 2-QBA. In conclusion, the reabsorption of orally administered 2-QBA could contribute to the high oral BA of 2-QBA and could be beneficial for the efficacy of 2-QBA. Moreover, the simple and validated analytical method for 2-QBA using LC-MS/MS was applied to the pharmacokinetic study and BA assessments of 2-QBA in mice and would be helpful for subsequent pharmacokinetic studies, as well as for evaluations of the toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation of 2-QBA to assess its potential as a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyeon Jeon
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE), College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - So-Yeon Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an 31116, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (Y.-J.B.); (C.-E.P.); (M.-K.C.)
| | - Yeon-Ju Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an 31116, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (Y.-J.B.); (C.-E.P.); (M.-K.C.)
| | - Chan-E Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an 31116, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (Y.-J.B.); (C.-E.P.); (M.-K.C.)
| | - Min-Koo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an 31116, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (Y.-J.B.); (C.-E.P.); (M.-K.C.)
| | - Young Taek Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an 31116, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (Y.-J.B.); (C.-E.P.); (M.-K.C.)
| | - Im-Sook Song
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE), College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Li W, Zhang W, Fan X, Xu H, Yuan H, Wang Y, Yang R, Tian H, Wu Y, Yang H. Fructo-oligosaccharide enhanced bioavailability of polyglycosylated anthocyanins from red radish via regulating gut microbiota in mice. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100765. [PMID: 37780282 PMCID: PMC10534114 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The anthocyanins from red radish (ARR) rich in polyglycosylated pelargonidin glucosides were used as pigment. However, bioavailability of anthocyanins was considered at low level. This work examined the intensive effects of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) on ARR bioavailability. Pelargonidin, cyanidin and pelargonidin-3-glucoside showed higher level in serum of mice fed with FOS together with ARR for 8 weeks than that fed with only ARR. Co-ingestion of FOS and ARR more effectively elevated the hepatic antioxidant activity by increase in total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase when compared with intake of ARR. FOS also markedly increased pelargonidin level in cecum of mice. 16S RNA sequencing found that Bacteroides genus play an important role in FOS elevating bioavailability of ARR. Fecal bacteria transplantation verified the positive effects of FOS on ARR bioavailability. These results suggested that combined ingestion of FOS and ARR is effective strategy for bioactivity of ARR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Wanjie Zhang
- Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xin Fan
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Hai Xu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Medical School, Xi’an Peihua University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710125, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Hua Tian
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Yinmei Wu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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3
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Feng J, Wang J, Bu T, Ge Z, Yang K, Sun P, Wu L, Cai M. Structural, in vitro digestion, and fermentation characteristics of lotus leaf flavonoids. Food Chem 2023; 406:135007. [PMID: 36473390 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility and bioactivity of flavonoids in lotus leaves are related to their characteristics in gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation. The aim of this study is to investigate the stability of lotus leaf flavonoids (LLF) in simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and its modulation on gut microbiota in vitro fermentation. Results showed that LLF mainly consisted of quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside. These flavonoids kept stability with only a small fraction degraded in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. In vitro fermentation, LLF stimulated the growth of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, inhibited the growth of Proteobacteria, and induced the production of fermentation gases and short-chain fatty acids. Interestingly, supplementation of soluble starch significantly improved the utilization of LLF by the intestinal flora. These results revealed that LLF shaped a unique biological web with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. as the core of the biological network, which would be more beneficial to gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicai Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Bu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Ge
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Liehong Wu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Grgic D, Varga E, Novak B, Müller A, Marko D. Isoflavones in Animals: Metabolism and Effects in Livestock and Occurrence in Feed. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:836. [PMID: 34941674 PMCID: PMC8705642 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybeans are a common ingredient of animal feed. They contain isoflavones, which are known to act as phytoestrogens in animals. Isoflavones were described to have beneficial effects on farm animals. However, there are also reports of negative outcomes after the consumption of isoflavones. This review summarizes the current knowledge of metabolization of isoflavones (including the influence of the microbiome, phase I and phase II metabolism), as well as the distribution of isoflavones and their metabolites in tissues. Furthermore, published studies on effects of isoflavones in livestock species (pigs, poultry, ruminants, fish) are reviewed. Moreover, published studies on occurrence of isoflavones in feed materials and co-occurrence with zearalenone are presented and are supplemented with our own survey data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Grgic
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Barbara Novak
- BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (B.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Anneliese Müller
- BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (B.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.G.); (E.V.)
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5
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Mustafa SE, Mustafa S, Ismail A, Abas F, Abd Manap MY, Ahmed Hamdi OA, Elzen S, Nahar L, Sarker SD. Impact of prebiotics on equol production from soymilk isoflavones by two Bifidobacterium species. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05298. [PMID: 33134584 PMCID: PMC7586118 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of commercial prebiotics (fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin) and sugars (glucose and sucrose) on enhancing equol production from soymilk isoflavones by Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Bifidobacterium breve ATCC 15700 was evaluated in vitro. Sterilized soymilk was inoculated with each bacterial species at 37 °C for 48 h. The growth and β-glucosidase enzyme activity for the two Bifidobacterium species in soymilk throughout fermentation were assessed. The highest viable count for B. breve (8.75 log CFU/ml) was reached at 36 h and for B. longum (8.55 log CFU/ml) at 24 h. Both bacterial species displayed β-glucosidase activity. B. breve showed increased enzyme activity (4.126 U) at 36 h, while B. longum exhibited maximum activity (3.935 U) at 24 h of fermentation. Among the prebiotics screened for their effect in isoflavones transformation to equol, inulin delivered the highest effect on equol production. The co-culture of B. longum BB536 and B. breve ATCC15700 in soymilk supplemented with inulin produced the highest level (11.49 mmol/l) of equol at 48 h of fermentation process. Level of daidzin declined whereas that of daidzein increased, and then gradually decreased due to formation of equol when soymilk was fermented using bifidobacterial. This suggests that the nutritional value of soymilk may be increased by increasing bioavailability of the bioactive ingredients. Collectively these data identify probiotics and prebiotic combinations suitable for inclusion in soymilk to enhance equol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Elghali Mustafa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 71, Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Shuhaimi Mustafa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yaizd Abd Manap
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Omer Abdalla Ahmed Hamdi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, 11121, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Salma Elzen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 71, Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Satyajit D. Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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6
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Li W, Zhang K, Zhao Q. Fructooligosaccharide enhanced absorption and anti-dyslipidemia capacity of tea flavonoids in high sucrose-fed mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:311-322. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1511688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
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7
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de Souza EL, de Albuquerque TMR, Dos Santos AS, Massa NML, de Brito Alves JL. Potential interactions among phenolic compounds and probiotics for mutual boosting of their health-promoting properties and food functionalities - A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1645-1659. [PMID: 29377718 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1425285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several foods are rich sources of phenolic compounds (PC) and their beneficial effects on human health may be increased through the action of probiotics. Additionally, probiotics may use PC as substrates, increasing their survival and functionality. This review presents available studies on the effects of PC on probiotics, including their physiological functionalities, interactions and capability of surviving during exposure to gastrointestinal conditions and when incorporated into food matrices. Studies have shown that PC can improve the adhesion capacity and survival of probiotics during exposure to conditions that mimic the gastrointestinal tract. There is strong evidence that PC can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota in hosts, improving a variety of biochemical markers and risk factors for chronic diseases. Available literature also indicates that metabolites of PC formed by intestinal microorganisms, including probiotics, exert a variety of benefits on host health. These metabolites are typically more active than parental dietary PC. The presence of PC commonly enhances probiotic survival in different foods. Finally, further clinical studies need to be developed to confirm in vitro and experimental findings concerning the beneficial interactions among different PC and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Leite de Souza
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
| | | | - Aldeir Sabino Dos Santos
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
| | - Nayara Moreira Lacerda Massa
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
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Jarić I, Živanović J, Miler M, Ajdžanović V, Blagojević D, Ristić N, Milošević V, Nestorović N. Genistein and daidzein treatments differently affect uterine homeostasis in the ovary-intact middle-aged rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 339:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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9
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Lu Y, Lin D, Li W, Yang X. Non-digestible stachyose promotes bioavailability of genistein through inhibiting intestinal degradation and first-pass metabolism of genistein in mice. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1369343. [PMID: 28970781 PMCID: PMC5613906 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1369343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the molecular mechanism of stachyose in enhancing the gastrointestinal stability and absorption of soybean genistein in mice. Male Kunming mice in each group (n = 8) were administered by intragastric gavage with saline, stachyose (250 mg/kg·bw), genistein (100 mg/kg·bw), and stachyose (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg·bw) together with genistein (100 mg/kg·bw) for 4 consecutive weeks, respectively, and then their urine, feces, blood, gut, and liver were collected. UPLC-qTOF/MS analysis showed that levels of genistein and its metabolites (dihydrogenistein, genistein 7-sulfate sodium salt, genistein 4'-β-D-glucuronide, and genistein 7-β-D-glucuronide) in serum and urine were increased with an increase in stachyose dosages in mice. Furthermore, the feces level of genistein aglycone was also elevated by co-treatment of stachyose with genistein. However, the feces concentration of dihydrogenistein, a characteristic metabolite of genistein by gut microorganism, was decreased by stachyose administration in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the simultaneous administration with stachyose and genistein in mice could decrease intestinal SULT, UGT, P-gp, and MRP1 expression, relative to the treatment with individual stachyose or genistein. These results demonstrate that stachyose-mediated inhibition against the intestinal degradation of genistein and expression of phase II enzymes and efflux transporters can largely contribute to the elevated bioavailability of soybean genistein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Lu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dehui Lin
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Chongqing Municipality for Protection and Utility of Unique Plant Resources in the Wulingshan Region, Life Science and Technology Institute, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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10
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Ogawa M, Kitano T, Kawata N, Sugihira T, Kitakaze T, Harada N, Yamaji R. Daidzein down-regulates ubiquitin-specific protease 19 expression through estrogen receptor β and increases skeletal muscle mass in young female mice. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 49:63-70. [PMID: 28886438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 19 (USP19) is a key player in the negative regulation of muscle mass during muscle atrophy. Loss-of-function approaches demonstrate that 17β-estradiol (E2) increases USP19 expression through estrogen receptor (ER) α and consequently decreases soleus muscle mass in young female mice under physiological conditions. Daidzein is one of the main isoflavones in soy, and activates ERβ-dependent transcription. Here, we investigated the effects of daidzein on E2-increased USP19 expression and E2-decreased soleus muscle mass in young female mice. Daidzein stimulated the transcriptional activity of ERβ in murine C2C12 cells and down-regulated USP19 expression. Consistently, daidzein inhibited E2-induced USP19 expression in a reporter activity using a functional half-estrogen response element (hERE) from Usp19. Daidzein inhibited E2-induced recruitment of ERα and promoted recruitment of ERβ to the Usp19 hERE. Dietary daidzein down-regulated the expression of USP19 at the mRNA and protein levels and increased soleus muscle mass in female mice, but not in males. In soleus muscle from ovariectomized (OVX) female mice, dietary daidzein inhibited E2-increased USP19 mRNA expression and E2-decreased muscle mass. Furthermore, E2 induced the recruitment of ERα and ERβ to the hERE, whereas daidzein inhibited E2-induced recruitment of ERα, and enhanced E2-increased recruitment of ERβ, to the Usp19 hERE. These results demonstrate that dietary daidzein decreases USP19 mRNA expression through ERβ and increases soleus muscle mass in young female mice, but not in male mice, under physiological conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Animals
- Animals, Outbred Strains
- Cell Line
- Dietary Supplements
- Endopeptidases
- Enzyme Repression
- Estrogen Receptor beta/agonists
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Female
- Genes, Reporter
- Isoflavones/therapeutic use
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/cytology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/enzymology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/pathology
- Ovariectomy/adverse effects
- Phytoestrogens/therapeutic use
- Random Allocation
- Response Elements
- Sarcopenia/etiology
- Sarcopenia/metabolism
- Sarcopenia/pathology
- Sarcopenia/prevention & control
- Sex Characteristics
- Signal Transduction
- Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kitano
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Natsuha Kawata
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugihira
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitakaze
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan.
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11
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Jheng HF, Hirotsuka M, Goto T, Shibata M, Matsumura Y, Kawada T. Dietary low-fat soy milk powder retards diabetic nephropathy progression via inhibition of renal fibrosis and renal inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Fen Jheng
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science; Laboratory of Soybean Renaissance; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Motohiko Hirotsuka
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science; Laboratory of Soybean Renaissance; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Masayuki Shibata
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science; Laboratory of Soybean Renaissance; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
- R&D Division for Future Creation; Fuji Oil Holdings INC; Osaka Japan
| | - Yasuki Matsumura
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science; Laboratory of Quality Analysis and Assessment; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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Li W, Lu Y, Huang D, Han X, Yang X. Effects of stachyose on absorption and transportation of tea catechins in mice: possible role of Phase II metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters inhibition by stachyose. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:32783. [PMID: 27782875 PMCID: PMC5081032 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.32783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional and absorption-promoting properties of stachyose combined with tea catechins (TC) have been revealed. However, the mechanism involved in non-digestible oligosaccharides-mediated enhancement of flavonoid absorption has largely remained elusive. Methods This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanism of stachyose in enhancing absorption and transportation of TC in mice. Mice were orally pre-treated with stachyose (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg·bw) for 0–8 weeks, and 1 h before sacrifice, mice were treated with TC (250 mg/kg·bw). Results Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that serum concentrations of epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate were dose- and time-dependently elevated with stachyose pre-treatment in mice. Furthermore, pre-treatment with stachyose in mice reduced intestinal sulfotransferase and uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase levels by 3.3–43.2% and 23.9–30.4%, relative to control mice, respectively. Moreover, intestinal P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 contents were decreased in mice by pre-administration of stachyose in dose- and time-dependent manner. Conclusions This is the first time to demonstrate that suppression of Phase II metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters of TC in the intestine can play a major role in increasing absorption of TC by stachyose feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yalong Lu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Huang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China;
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Katsumata SI, Fujioka M, Fujii S, Takeda K, Ishimi Y, Uehara M. Kanamycin inhibits daidzein metabolism and abilities of the metabolites to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized mice. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:334. [PMID: 27388904 PMCID: PMC4936167 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daidzein is an isoflavone derived from soybeans that exerts preventive effects on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) animals. These effects have been correlated with increasing serum equol levels. In the present study, we investigated the effects of antibiotic intake on equol metabolism from daidzein, and the corresponding levels of bone loss in OVX mice. METHODS Eight-week-old female ddY mice (n = 42) were either ovariectomized (OVX) or subjected to a sham operation (sham). OVX mice were then divided into six dietary subgroups: control diet (control), 0.3 % kanamycin diet (KN), 0.1 % daidzein diet (Dz), 0.1 % daidzein and 0.0375 % kanamycin diet (Dz+KN3.75), 0.1 % daidzein and 0.075 % kanamycin diet (Dz+KN7.5), and 0.1 % daidzein and 0.3 % kanamycin diet (Dz+KN30). The mice were fed their respective diets for 4 weeks. RESULTS Uterine weight and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) were significantly lower in the OVX mice compared in the sham mice. No significant differences in uterine weight were observed among all OVX dietary subgroups. The Dz subgroup was found to exhibit higher plasma equol and O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) concentrations, as well as greater femoral BMD, compared to all other OVX subgroups. Furthermore, when compared to the Dz group, kanamycin intake decreased plasma equol and O-DMA concentrations, as well as femoral BMD in the OVX mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that kanamycin intake inhibited the conversion of daidzein to equol and O-DMA, blocking the preventive effects of daidzein on bone loss in OVX mice. Therefore, the bone-protective effects of daidzein intake may be predominantly associated with increased plasma concentrations of either equol or O-DMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Katsumata
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Maiko Fujioka
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation and Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.,Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (TUS), 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shungo Fujii
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ken Takeda
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (TUS), 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ishimi
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation and Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Mariko Uehara
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
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Li W, Li Z, Han X, Huang D, Lu Y, Yang X. Enhancing the hepatic protective effect of genistein by oral administration with stachyose in mice with chronic high fructose diet consumption. Food Funct 2016; 7:2420-30. [PMID: 27157892 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00038j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of soy stachyose or genistein is known to be of hepatoprotective health interest. This study showed that co-administration of genistein and stachyose caused stronger inhibition on abnormal weight gain and liver fat accumulation by decreasing fatty acid synthetase expression and balancing disorderly lipid metabolism than that of genistein or stachyose alone in high-fructose (HF) diet-fed mice. Furthermore, the production of malonaldehyde and carbonyl derivatives of proteins was also more effectively inhibited by co-treatment of genistein and stachyose, and thereby glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were elevated in HF-fed mice. Moreover, genistein in combination with stachyose was more effective to reduce the impact of HF on the serum markers of liver damage by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine release than stachyose or genistein alone in mice. The potential mechanism was that stachyose enhanced absorption of genistein in HF-fed mice by oral supplementation of genistein together with stachyose. These findings indicate that co-ingestion of stachyose and genistein may serve as a novel strategy for hepatic protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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Li W, Huang D, Gao A, Yang X. Stachyose increases absorption and hepatoprotective effect of tea polyphenols in high fructose-fed mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:502-10. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Di Huang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Anning Gao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an P. R. China
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Lipovac M, Pfitscher A, Hobiger S, Laschitz T, Imhof M, Chedraui P, Jungbauer A. Red clover isoflavone metabolite bioavailability is decreased after fructooligosaccharide supplementation. Fitoterapia 2015; 105:93-101. [PMID: 26073948 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red clover is an important source of isoflavones; which has been made commercially available as dietary supplements for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Bioavailability and metabolism of these red clover isoflavones (RCI) have not been studied in detail. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) stimulate the growth of intestinal bacteria and play an important role in the formation of certain isoflavone metabolites, such as equol and O-desmethylangolensin. OBJECTIVE To determine the bioavailability of RCI metabolites and analyse whether FOS supplementation could influence their bioavailability. METHODS Seventeen healthy adults were enrolled in the study carried out in two periods. In the first, compound bioavailability was determined after consumption of 80 mg of RCI (MF11RCE). In the second, a 6-day supplementation of 2×3000 mg/day of FOS was administered before isoflavone consumption. RESULTS Biochanin A and formononetin were rapidly absorbed and both reached maximum concentrations at an average of 5-7h. Demethylation was a major reaction in the metabolic pathway. Daidzein serum level peaked after about 12.6h. Supplementation with FOS led to a significant decrease in the bioavailability of daidzein, dihydroformononetin, dihydrogenistein and dihydrodaidzein. An increase in equol production was also observed which did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). CONCLUSION This study is the first to provide detailed data on RCI bioavailability in humans and determine no influence of FOS yet a trend toward increased equol production. More research is warranted involving a greater sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lipovac
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for cell-based therapy in Gynecology, Wiener Ring 3-5, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Angelika Pfitscher
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory of Receptor Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Hobiger
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory of Receptor Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Laschitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology General Public Teaching Hostpital of Korneuburg, Wiener Ring 3-5, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Martin Imhof
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for cell-based therapy in Gynecology, Wiener Ring 3-5, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Area for Women's Health, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Carlos J. Arosemena Km 1.5, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory of Receptor Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Effects of the Chinese Herbal Formulation (Liu Wei Di Huang Wan) on the Pharmacokinetics of Isoflavones in Postmenopausal Women. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:902702. [PMID: 26146635 PMCID: PMC4471402 DOI: 10.1155/2015/902702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A combination of soy isoflavones and Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (LWDHW) is potentially effective for postmenopausal women with intolerable vasomotor episodes who are not suitable candidates for hormonal therapy. The objective of this open-label, three-phase, crossover study was to determine the influence of both single and multiple oral doses of LWDHW on isoflavone pharmacokinetics in healthy postmenopausal women. Eleven subjects were assigned to receive the following regimens in a fixed sequence with washout periods of at least one week: Phase A, a single oral dose of soy milk; Phase B, a single oral dose of soy milk coadministered with LWDHW; and Phase C, multiple oral doses of LWDHW for 14 days followed by a single oral dose of soy milk. Blood samples were collected and mixed with β-glucuronidase/sulfatase to hydrolyze isoflavone conjugates to their respective aglycones (i.e., daidzein and genistein) and were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters analyzed were maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach peak concentration (Tmax), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), and half-life (t1/2). The results found no statistically significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of daidzein and genistein among the three regimens.
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In vitro colonic fermentation of food ingredients isolated from Agave tequilana Weber var. azul applied on granola bars. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Dietary phytic acid modulates characteristics of the colonic luminal environment and reduces serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in rats fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2014; 34:1085-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Wang M, Gao XJ, Zhao WW, Zhao WJ, Jiang CH, Huang F, Kou JP, Liu BL, Liu K. Opposite effects of genistein on the regulation of insulin-mediated glucose homeostasis in adipose tissue. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:328-40. [PMID: 23763311 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Genistein is an isoflavone phytoestrogen found in a number of plants such as soybeans and there is accumulating evidence that it has beneficial effects on the regulation of glucose homeostasis. In this study we evaluated the effect of genistein on glucose homeostasis and its underlying mechanisms in normal and insulin-resistant conditions. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To induce insulin resistance, mice or differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with macrophage-derived conditioned medium. A glucose tolerance test was used to investigate the effect of genistein. Insulin signalling activation, glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) translocation and AMP-activated PK (AMPK) activation were detected by Western blot analysis or elisa. KEY RESULTS Genistein impaired glucose tolerance and attenuated insulin sensitivity in normal mice by inhibiting the insulin-induced phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) at tyrosine residues, leading to inhibition of insulin-mediated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes. Mac-CM, an inflammatory stimulus induced glucose intolerance accompanied by impaired insulin sensitivity; genistein reversed these changes by restoring the disturbed IRS1 function, leading to an improvement in GLUT4 translocation. In addition, genistein increased AMPK activity under both normal and inflammatory conditions; this was shown to contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect of genistein, which leads to an improvement in insulin signalling and the amelioration of insulin resistance. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Genistein showed opposite effects on insulin sensitivity under normal and inflammatory conditions in adipose tissue and this action was derived from its negative or positive regulation of IRS1 function. Its up-regulation of AMPK activity contributes to the inhibition of inflammation implicated in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
While many epidemiological studies have associated the consumption of polyphenols within fruits and vegetables with a decreased risk of developing several chronic diseases, intervention studies have generally not confirmed these beneficial effects. The reasons for this discrepancy are not fully understood but include potential differences in dosing, interaction with the food matrix, and differences in polyphenol bioavailability. In addition to endogenous factors such as microbiota and digestive enzymes, the food matrix can also considerably affect bioaccessibility, uptake, and further metabolism of polyphenols. While dietary fiber (such as hemicellulose), divalent minerals, and viscous and protein-rich meals are likely to cause detrimental effects on polyphenol bioaccessibility, digestible carbohydrates, dietary lipids (especially for hydrophobic polyphenols, e.g., curcumin), and additional antioxidants may enhance polyphenol availability. Following epithelial uptake, polyphenols such as flavonoids may reduce phase II metabolism and excretion, enhancing polyphenol bioavailability. Furthermore, polyphenols may act synergistically due to their influence on efflux transporters such as p-glycoprotein. In order to understand polyphenol bioactivity, increased knowledge of the factors affecting polyphenol bioavailability, including dietary factors, is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Environment and Agro-biotechnologies Department, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Šošić-Jurjević B, Filipović B, Wirth EK, Živanović J, Radulović N, Janković S, Milošević V, Köhrle J. Soy isoflavones interfere with thyroid hormone homeostasis in orchidectomized middle-aged rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 278:124-34. [PMID: 24793811 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that genistein (G) and daidzein (D) administered subcutaneously (10mg/kg) induce changes in the angio-follicular units of the thyroid gland, reduce concentration of total thyroid hormones (TH) and increase thyrotropin (TSH) in serum of orchidectomized middle-aged (16-month-old) rats. To further investigate these effects, we now examined expression levels of the thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroperoxidase (Tpo), vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) and deiodinase type 1 (Dio 1) genes in the thyroid; in the pituitary, genes involved in TH feedback control (Tsh β, Dio 1, Dio 2, Trh receptor); and in the liver and kidney, expression of T3-activated genes Dio 1 and Spot 14, as well as transthyretin (Ttr), by quantitative real-time PCR. We also analyzed TPO-immunopositivity and immunofluorescence of T4 bound to Tg, determined thyroid T4 levels and measured deiodinase enzyme activities in examined organs. Decreased expression of Tg and Tpo genes (p<0.05) correlated with immunohistochemical staining results, and together with decreased serum total T4 levels, indicates decreased Tg and TH synthesis following treatments with both isoflavones. However, expression of Spot 14 (p<0.05) gene in liver and kidney was up-regulated, and liver Dio 1 expression and activity (p<0.05) increased. At the level of pituitary, no significant change in gene expression levels, or Dio 1 and 2 enzyme activities was observed. In conclusion, both G and D impaired Tg and TH synthesis, but at the same time increased tissue availability of TH in peripheral tissues of Orx middle-aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branko Filipović
- Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eva Katrin Wirth
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmina Živanović
- Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Niko Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Snežana Janković
- Institute for Science Application in Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 68b, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
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Setchell KDR, Brown NM, Summer S, King EC, Heubi JE, Cole S, Guy T, Hokin B. Dietary factors influence production of the soy isoflavone metabolite s-(-)equol in healthy adults. J Nutr 2013; 143:1950-8. [PMID: 24089421 PMCID: PMC3827640 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.179564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
S-(-)equol, an intestinally derived metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein, is proposed to enhance the efficacy of soy diets. Adults differ in their ability to produce equol when consuming soy foods for reasons that remain unclear. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive dietary analysis of 143 macro- and micronutrients in 159 healthy adults in the United States (n = 89) and Australia (n = 70) to determine whether the intake of specific nutrients favors equol production. Three-d diet records were collected and analyzed using Nutrition Data System for Research software and S-(-)equol was measured in urine by mass spectrometry. Additionally, in a subset of equol producers and nonproducers (n = 10/group), we examined the long-term stability of equol producer status by retesting 12, 18, and 24 mo later. Finally, the effect of oral administration of the antibiotic metronidazole (500 mg/d for 7 d) on equol production was examined in 5 adults monitored during a 4-mo follow-up period. Equol producers accounted for 30.3% and 28.6% of the United States and Australian participants, respectively (overall frequency, 29.6%). No significant differences were observed for total protein, carbohydrate, fat, saturated fat, or fiber intakes between equol producers and nonproducers. However, principal component analysis revealed differences in several nutrients, including higher intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.039), maltose (P = 0.02), and vitamins A (P = 0.01) and E (P = 0.035) and a lower intake of total cholesterol (P = 0.010) in equol producers. During a 2-y period, equol producer status remained unchanged in all nonproducers and in 80% of equol producers, whereas metronidazole abolished equol production in only 20% of participants. In conclusion, these findings suggest that major differences in the macronutrient content of the diet appear not to influence equol production, but subtle differences in some nutrients may influence the ability to produce equol, which was a relatively stable phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D. R. Setchell
- Divisions of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Pathology,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Nadine M. Brown
- Divisions of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Pathology
| | | | | | - James E. Heubi
- Clinical Translational Research Center,Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; and,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sidney Cole
- Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company, Berkeley Vale, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Trish Guy
- Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company, Berkeley Vale, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Bevan Hokin
- The Department of Pathology, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia
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Interaction of plant phenols with food macronutrients: characterisation and nutritional-physiological consequences. Nutr Res Rev 2013; 27:1-15. [PMID: 24169001 DOI: 10.1017/s095442241300019x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are dietary constituents of plants associated with health-promoting effects. In the human diet, polyphenols are generally consumed in foods along with macronutrients. Because the health benefits of polyphenols are critically determined by their bioavailability, the effect of interactions between plant phenols and food macronutrients is a very important topic. In the present review, we summarise current knowledge, with a special focus on the in vitro and in vivo effects of food macronutrients on the bioavailability and bioactivity of polyphenols. The mechanisms of interactions between polyphenols and food macronutrients are also discussed. The evidence collected in the present review suggests that when plant phenols are consumed along with food macronutrients, the bioavailability and bioactivity of polyphenols can be significantly affected. The protein-polyphenol complexes can significantly change the plasma kinetics profile but do not affect the absorption of polyphenols. Carbohydrates can enhance the absorption and extend the time needed to reach a maximal plasma concentration of polyphenols, and fats can enhance the absorption and change the absorption kinetics of polyphenols. Moreover, as highlighted in the present review, not only a nutrient alone but also certain synergisms between food macronutrients have a significant effect on the bioavailability and biological activity of polyphenols. The review emphasises the need for formulations that optimise the bioavailability and in vivo activities of polyphenols.
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Uehara M. Isoflavone metabolism and bone-sparing effects of daidzein-metabolites. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 52:193-201. [PMID: 23704808 PMCID: PMC3652301 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several dietary phytochemicals exhibit anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoporotic activities relevant to prevention of chronic diseases, including lifestyle-related diseases. Soybean isoflavones are similar in structure to estrogen and have received considerable attention as potential alternatives to hormone replacement therapy. Daidzein, a major isoflavone found in soybean, is metabolized to equol by intestinal microflora; this metabolite exhibits stronger estrogenic activity than daidzein. Recent studies suggest that the clinical effectiveness of isoflavones might be due to their ability to produce equol in the gut. This review focused on the metabolic pathway of equol and possible bioactivities of equol and O-desmethylangolensin, another metabolite of daidzein, with regard to bone metabolism and the status of intestinal microflora. Furthermore, we considered risk-benefit analyses of isoflavones and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Uehara
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku. Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Guevara-Arauza JC, de Jesús Ornelas-Paz J, Pimentel-González DJ, Rosales Mendoza S, Soria Guerra RE, Paz Maldonado LMT. Prebiotic effect of mucilage and pectic-derived oligosaccharides from nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica). Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Kimira Y, Tajima K, Ohta A, Ishimi Y, Katsumata SI, Suzuki K, Adlercreutz H, Uehara M. Synergistic effect of isoflavone glycosides and fructooligosaccharides on postgastrectomy osteopenia in rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2012; 51:156-60. [PMID: 22962536 PMCID: PMC3432828 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.d-12-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides stimulate the growth of Bifidobacteria, which cleave isoflavone glycosides to yield corresponding aglycones, and convert metabolites by enhancing enterohepatic recirculation of isoflavones in rats. In the present study, we determined the synergistic effect of dietary isoflavone glycosides and fructooligosaccharides on postgastrectomy osteopenia in rats. Nine-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were gastrectomized (n = 20) or sham operated, (control, n = 5) and then randomly assigned to 5 diet groups: sham-a purified diet control, gastrectomized-control, gastrectomized-isoflavone (0.2% isoflavone glycosides), gastrectomized-fructooligosaccharides (7.5% fructooligosaccharides), and isoflavone and fructooligosaccharides (0.2% isoflavone glycosides + 7.5% fructooligosaccharides). After 6 weeks, the rats were killed and biological samples were collected. In gastrectomized rats, fructooligosaccharides prevented femoral bone fragility, but isoflavone without fructooligosaccharides did not inhibit postgastrectomy osteopenia. Isoflavone and fructooligosaccharides exhibited a synergistic in the distal metaphyseal trabecular bone, indicated by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Moreover, fructooligosaccharides increased calcium absorption and equol production from daidzein in gastrectomized rats. These results indicate that isoflavone alone did not inhibit postgastrectomy osteopenia, but the combination of isoflavone and fructooligosaccharides improved the inhibition of trabecular bone loss by increasing calcium absorption and equol production through fructooligosaccharides supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Kimira
- Department of Nutritional Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Influence of fructooligosaccharide on pharmacokinetics of isoflavones in postmenopausal women. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:783802. [PMID: 22611432 PMCID: PMC3350959 DOI: 10.1155/2012/783802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present paper was to determine the influence of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on the pharmacokinetics of isoflavones in healthy postmenopausal women. The study was a fixed-sequence, two-phase, crossover study. Twelve subjects received a single oral dose of 300 mL of a soy beverage. Blood samples were collected before the dose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 32 h after the administration of the soy beverage. After a washout period of at least 1 week, subjects were assigned to receive oral doses of FOS, 5 g each time, twice a day (after breakfast and dinner) for 14 days, followed by a single oral dose of the same soy beverage on the next day. Blood samples were then collected at the same time points mentioned previously. Plasma isoflavone concentrations were determined by HPLC. Continuous oral administrations of FOS followed by a single oral administration of soy beverage caused significant increases in Cmax, AUC0–32, and AUC0–∞ of genistein and AUC0–32 of daidzein, comparing to those obtained following a single oral dose of soy beverage alone. Other pharmacokinetic parameters (Tmax and t1/2 of both aglycones and AUC0–∞ of daidzein) between both regimens were not significantly different.
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Genistein, a phytoestrogen, improves total cholesterol, and Synergy, a prebiotic, improves calcium utilization, but there were no synergistic effects. Menopause 2011; 18:923-31. [PMID: 21659907 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182116e81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prebiotics and phytoestrogens have sparked great interest because evidence indicates that the consumption of these dietary constituents leads to lower cholesterol levels and inhibition of postmenopausal bone loss. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of both a prebiotic (Synergy) and a phytoestrogen (genistein) on bone and blood lipid levels in an animal model of postmenopausal women. METHODS A 4-week feeding study was conducted in 5-month-old ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats to examine the effect of genistein, Synergy (a prebiotic), and genistein and Synergy combined on bone density and strength, calcium metabolism, and lipid biomarkers. There were six treatment groups: sham control, OVX control, OVX rats receiving daily estradiol injections, and OVX rats receiving an AIN-93M diet supplement with 200 ppm genistein, with 5% Synergy or with 200 ppm genistein and 5% Synergy combined. RESULTS The rats receiving genistein had significantly lower total serum cholesterol concentrations than OVX rats in the control group (17%), OVX rats receiving daily estradiol injections (14%), and OVX rats fed the 5% Synergy diet (19%). Consumption of Synergy improved calcium absorption efficiency (41%) compared with nonconsumption (OVX control). Sham control rats had a significantly higher femoral bone density, as determined by underwater weighing, than did the rats in all of the OVX groups. Genistein consumption restored total and trabecular bone mineral density at the distal femur similar to the levels of sham rats. CONCLUSIONS Genistein supplementation imparts modest heart health benefits and improves bone geometry at the distal femur, and prebiotic consumption (Synergy) results in improved calcium utilization strength in ovariectomized rats, but the combination produced no synergistic effects.
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Gonzalez-Luna G, Pinos-Rodríguez J, González-Muñoz S, Bárcena-Gama R, García-López J. Effects of an amino-oligosaccharide on diet degradation and milk production in dairy cows. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2011.607758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Cohen R, Schwartz B, Peri I, Shimoni E. Improving bioavailability and stability of genistein by complexation with high-amylose corn starch. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7932-7938. [PMID: 21688810 DOI: 10.1021/jf2013277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Genistein, like other phytochemicals, has beneficial health effects, but its bioavailability is limited. This research studied the effect of complexation of genistein with starch on genistein bioavailability. Genistein release from these complexes was tested in vitro under simulated intestinal conditions and in vivo in rats fed high-amylose corn starch (HACS)-genistein complexes (experimental group) as compared to those fed a physical mixture of HACS and genistein (controls). In vitro results showed that genistein release is sustained and fits the normal transit time of food in the intestine. The genistein concentration in the plasma was twice as high in the experimental group versus controls; the genistein concentration in the urine was also higher in the experimental group but lower in the feces. These results indicate that starch-genistein complexes increase genistein bioavailability and suggest that starch can affect the bioavailability of additional food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Cohen
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Johnson CD, Lucas EA, Hooshmand S, Campbell S, Akhter MP, Arjmandi BH. Addition of fructooligosaccharides and dried plum to soy-based diets reverses bone loss in the ovariectomized rat. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:836267. [PMID: 18955356 PMCID: PMC3137675 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nen050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dietary bioactive components that play a role in improving skeletal health have received considerable attention in complementary and alternative medicine practices as a result of their increased efficacy to combat chronic diseases. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the additive or synergistic effects of dried plum and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and to determine whether dried plum and FOS or their combination in a soy protein-based diet can restore bone mass in ovarian hormone deficient rats. For this purpose, 72 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 12) and either ovariectomized (Ovx, five groups) or sham-operated (sham, one group). The rats were maintained on a semipurified standard diet for 45 days after surgery to establish bone loss. Thereafter, the rats were placed on one of the following dietary treatments for 60 days: casein-based diet (Sham and Ovx), soy-based diet (Ovx + soy) or soy-based diet with dried plum (Ovx + soy + plum), FOS (Ovx + soy + FOS) and combination of dried plum and FOS (Ovx + soy + plum + FOS). Soy protein in combination with the test compounds significantly improved whole-body bone mineral density (BMD). All test compounds in combination with soy protein significantly increased femoral BMD but the combination of soy protein, dried plum and FOS had the most pronounced effect in increasing lumbar BMD. Similarly, all of the test compounds increased ultimate load, indicating improved biomechanical properties. The positive effects of these test compounds on bone may be due to their ability to modulate bone resorption and formation, as shown by suppressed urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion and enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Johnson
- Research and Development, Abbott Nutrition, Adult Nutrition Research, Development & Scientific Affairs, Columbus, OH 43219, USA
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Abstract
The different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract are inhabited by populations of micro-organisms. By far the most important predominant populations are in the colon where a true symbiosis with the host exists that is a key for well-being and health. For such a microbiota, 'normobiosis' characterises a composition of the gut 'ecosystem' in which micro-organisms with potential health benefits predominate in number over potentially harmful ones, in contrast to 'dysbiosis', in which one or a few potentially harmful micro-organisms are dominant, thus creating a disease-prone situation. The present document has been written by a group of both academic and industry experts (in the ILSI Europe Prebiotic Expert Group and Prebiotic Task Force, respectively). It does not aim to propose a new definition of a prebiotic nor to identify which food products are classified as prebiotic but rather to validate and expand the original idea of the prebiotic concept (that can be translated in 'prebiotic effects'), defined as: 'The selective stimulation of growth and/or activity(ies) of one or a limited number of microbial genus(era)/species in the gut microbiota that confer(s) health benefits to the host.' Thanks to the methodological and fundamental research of microbiologists, immense progress has very recently been made in our understanding of the gut microbiota. A large number of human intervention studies have been performed that have demonstrated that dietary consumption of certain food products can result in statistically significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in line with the prebiotic concept. Thus the prebiotic effect is now a well-established scientific fact. The more data are accumulating, the more it will be recognised that such changes in the microbiota's composition, especially increase in bifidobacteria, can be regarded as a marker of intestinal health. The review is divided in chapters that cover the major areas of nutrition research where a prebiotic effect has tentatively been investigated for potential health benefits. The prebiotic effect has been shown to associate with modulation of biomarkers and activity(ies) of the immune system. Confirming the studies in adults, it has been demonstrated that, in infant nutrition, the prebiotic effect includes a significant change of gut microbiota composition, especially an increase of faecal concentrations of bifidobacteria. This concomitantly improves stool quality (pH, SCFA, frequency and consistency), reduces the risk of gastroenteritis and infections, improves general well-being and reduces the incidence of allergic symptoms such as atopic eczema. Changes in the gut microbiota composition are classically considered as one of the many factors involved in the pathogenesis of either inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome. The use of particular food products with a prebiotic effect has thus been tested in clinical trials with the objective to improve the clinical activity and well-being of patients with such disorders. Promising beneficial effects have been demonstrated in some preliminary studies, including changes in gut microbiota composition (especially increase in bifidobacteria concentration). Often associated with toxic load and/or miscellaneous risk factors, colon cancer is another pathology for which a possible role of gut microbiota composition has been hypothesised. Numerous experimental studies have reported reduction in incidence of tumours and cancers after feeding specific food products with a prebiotic effect. Some of these studies (including one human trial) have also reported that, in such conditions, gut microbiota composition was modified (especially due to increased concentration of bifidobacteria). Dietary intake of particular food products with a prebiotic effect has been shown, especially in adolescents, but also tentatively in postmenopausal women, to increase Ca absorption as well as bone Ca accretion and bone mineral density. Recent data, both from experimental models and from human studies, support the beneficial effects of particular food products with prebiotic properties on energy homaeostasis, satiety regulation and body weight gain. Together, with data in obese animals and patients, these studies support the hypothesis that gut microbiota composition (especially the number of bifidobacteria) may contribute to modulate metabolic processes associated with syndrome X, especially obesity and diabetes type 2. It is plausible, even though not exclusive, that these effects are linked to the microbiota-induced changes and it is feasible to conclude that their mechanisms fit into the prebiotic effect. However, the role of such changes in these health benefits remains to be definitively proven. As a result of the research activity that followed the publication of the prebiotic concept 15 years ago, it has become clear that products that cause a selective modification in the gut microbiota's composition and/or activity(ies) and thus strengthens normobiosis could either induce beneficial physiological effects in the colon and also in extra-intestinal compartments or contribute towards reducing the risk of dysbiosis and associated intestinal and systemic pathologies.
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Arjmandi BH, Johnson CD, Campbell SC, Hooshmand S, Chai SC, Akhter MP. Combining fructooligosaccharide and dried plum has the greatest effect on restoring bone mineral density among select functional foods and bioactive compounds. J Med Food 2010; 13:312-9. [PMID: 20132045 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional foods and/or their bioactive compounds playing a role in improving skeletal health have received considerable attention. The objective of the present study was to determine the extent to which certain functional foods as (1) whole, e.g., dried plum (DP), figs, dates, raisin, and blueberry, (2) fractionated, e.g., DP puree, DP juice, and DP pulp/skin, or (3) isolated, e.g., DP polyphenols, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, forms reverse bone loss in an ovariectomized (Ovx) rat model of osteoporosis. Additionally, some of these components were tested in reversal of bone loss in combination. For this purpose, 180 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 15 groups (n = 12) and either Ovx (14 groups) or sham-operated (Sham, one group). Rats were maintained on a semipurified standard diet for 45 days after surgery to establish bone loss. Thereafter, rats were placed on one of the following dietary treatments for 60 days: casein-based diet (Sham and Ovx). The remaining 13 Ovx groups were placed on various treatment diets. Results showed that diets supplemented with 5% FOS + 7.5% DP was most effective in reversing both right femur and fourth lumbar bone mineral density and fourth lumbar calcium loss while significantly decreasing trabecular separation. There were no significant effects of treatment on serum or urine measures of bone turnover. Although other treatments were good at altering some bone parameters, none had the success in altering several bone health indicators as the diets supplemented with 5% FOS + 7.5% DP. The findings of this study suggest the combination of 5% FOS + 7.5% DP is capable of reversing Ovx-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram H Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.
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Abstract
Equol, first isolated from equine urine in 1932 and identified 50 years later in human urine as a metabolite of the soy isoflavones, daidzin and daidzein, is produced by intestinal bacteria in some, but not all, adults. This observation led to the term equol-producers to define those adults that could make equol in response to consuming soy isoflavones and the hypothesis that the health benefits of soy-based diets may be greater in equol-producers than in equol nonproducers. By virtue of a chiral center, equol occurs as a diastereoisomer and intestinal bacteria are enantiospecific in synthesizing exclusively the S-(-)equol enantiomer, an enantiomer that has selective affinity for the estrogen receptor-beta. Both enantiomers are of interest from a clinical and pharmacological perspective and are currently being developed as nutraceutical and pharmacological agents. The wide range of biological activities these enantiomers possess warrants their investigation for the treatment of a number of hormone-related conditions involving estrogen-dependent and androgen-related conditions. The following review describes the history, chemistry, and factors governing the intestinal bacterial formation of equol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D R Setchell
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Hooshmand S, Juma S, Arjmandi BH. Combination of genistin and fructooligosaccharides prevents bone loss in ovarian hormone deficiency. J Med Food 2010; 13:320-5. [PMID: 20132047 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have reported that soy isoflavones are capable of preventing loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in rats due to ovariectomy. The intestinal microflora is important in rendering soy isoflavones bioavailability by facilitating their conversion to equol. Hence, substances that can modulate the intestinal microflora could affect the bioavailability of isoflavones. The purpose of this study was to examine whether combination of genistin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a prebiotic, can enhance the effects of soy isoflavones on bone in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Forty-eight 90-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham; one group) or Ovx (three groups) and were placed on dietary treatment for 50 days. The Sham and one Ovx group received a control diet, and the remaining Ovx groups received genistin-rich isoflavones diet (Ovx+G) or genistin-rich isoflavones and FOS diet (Ovx+G+FOS). After 50 days, blood and bone specimens were collected for analysis. The genistin-rich isoflavones diet was able to significantly increase the whole-body, right femur, and fourth lumbar BMD by 1.6%, 1.48%, and 1.3%, respectively in comparison with the Ovx control. The combination of genistin-rich isoflavones diet and 5% FOS further increased whole-body, right femur, and fourth lumbar BMD more compared to the genistin-rich isoflavones diet. Our findings suggest that although a genistin-rich isoflavones diet can increase the BMD in rats with Ovx-induced bone loss, combination of genistin-rich isoflavones and FOS had greater effect in preventing bone loss in this rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hooshmand
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-1493, USA
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Vanhaecke L, Grootaert C, Verstraete W, Van de Wiele T. Chemopreventive effects from prebiotic inulin towards microbial 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine bioactivation. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:474-85. [PMID: 19200315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Using a Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME), we investigated the chemopreventive potential of prebiotic chicory inulin towards the in vitro bioactivation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) by human intestinal microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS HPLC data revealed that inulin significantly decreased the formation of the genotoxic PhIP-M1 metabolite, with the highest inhibitory activity in the colon ascendens (87% decrease). Interestingly, this chemopreventive effect correlated with alterations of bacterial community composition and metabolism in the different colon compartments. Conventional culture-based techniques and PCR-DGGE analysis on the SHIME colon suspension revealed significant bifidogenic effects during inulin treatment, whereas the overall microbial community kept relatively unchanged. Additionally, the production of short-chain fatty acids increased with 12%, 3% and 7%, while ammonia concentrations decreased with 3%, 4% and 3% in the ascending, transverse and descending colon compartments, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the prebiotic effects from inulin may also purport protective effects towards microbial PhIP bioactivation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY As the colonic microbiota may contribute significantly to the carcinogenic potential of PhIP, the search for dietary constituents that decrease the formation of this harmful metabolite, may help in preventing its risk towards human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University - UGent, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
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Gardana C, Canzi E, Simonetti P. The role of diet in the metabolism of daidzein by human faecal microbiota sampled from Italian volunteers. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 20:940-7. [PMID: 19071008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbial transformation of daidzein into equol is subject to a wide inter-individual variability. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro this transformation and to evaluate possible correlations between individual diet and equol production. The transformation of daidzein was investigated in anaerobic batch cultures inoculated with mixed fecal bacteria from 90 volunteers. The daidzein metabolism was monitored by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and a chiral column was used to distinguish equol and dihydrodaidzein enantiomers. The obtained results show that daidzein was unchanged ( approximately 27%) or degraded to equol ( approximately 28%), O-desmethylangolensin ( approximately 12%) or dihydrodaidzein ( approximately 31%). Furthermore, some subjects ( approximately 2%) are able to produce both equol and O-desmethylangolensin. Bacteria represent sub-dominant populations (10(5)-10(9) cell/g wet faeces) in "slow" equol producers, while higher counts of equol-producing microorganisms (10(10)-10(11) cell/g wet faeces) were found in "quick" equol producers. The in vitro test to evaluate equol-producing status is quick and not invasive, and the obtained results are comparable with those reported in vivo. Indeed, the only enantiomer present in the batch cultures containing equol was the S-form. No significant correlations between equol production, BMI, age and sex were found. It seems that the equol-producer group consumed less fibre, vegetables and cereals, and more lipids from animal sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Gardana
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Microbiology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Sung HY, Choi YS. Dose-response assessment of the anti-cancer efficacy of soy isoflavones in dimethylhydrazine-treated rats fed 6% fructooligosaccharide. Nutr Res Pract 2008; 2:55-61. [PMID: 20126366 PMCID: PMC2815317 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2008.2.2.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the combinatorial effects of different doses of dietary soy isoflavones (SI) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) in a rat model of colon cancer. We hypothesized that increased bioavailability of SI metabolites due to dietary FOS may increase production of bioactive equol and affect colon carcinogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Sprague-Dawley male rats were injected with 12-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and were provided experimental diets that contained 0, 10, 50, 150, or 500 mg SI per kg of diet and 6% FOS for 12 weeks. The number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in colonic tissues were significantly decreased in the 6% FOS-fed groups compared to the control group. Gut transit time and fecal pH were significantly lower, and fecal concentrations of bifidobacteria were increased with 6% FOS. However, dietary SI supplementation in combination with 6% dietary FOS did not affect ACF formation or COX-2 expression. Plasma equol concentrations were dose-dependently increased by supplementation of SI up to 500 mg/kg of diet. In conclusion, SI supplementation up to 500 mg/kg of diet appeared to have no additive beneficial effects in rats with chemically-induced colon cancer that were fed 6% FOS, although plasma equol was dose-dependently increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Korea
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Sung HY, Choi YS. Fructooligosaccharide and soy isoflavone suppress colonic aberrant crypt foci and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in dimethylhydrazine-treated rats. J Med Food 2008; 11:78-85. [PMID: 18361741 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the inhibitory effects of soy isoflavones and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on colon carcinogenesis. Sprague-Dawley male rats were injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and given experimental diets that contained 0%, 3%, 6%, or 9% FOS with or without soy isoflavones (1,000 mg/kg of diet). After 12 weeks, colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and fecal bile acid profiles were determined. The numbers of ACF, the numbers of ACF containing four or more crypts per focus of colonic mucosa, and the levels of COX-2 protein in the colonic epithelial tissues were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the FOS-fed, DMH-treated rats (P < .001), as compared to the DMH-treated control rats. Soy isoflavones significantly decreased the number of ACF with four or more aberrant crypts per focus (P < .001) and the amount of COX-2 protein (P < .01), independently of the effect of the oligosaccharide. The highest suppression of ACF formation was obtained with soy isoflavones combined with >or=6% FOS. No significant relationship was found between the dosage of FOS or soy isoflavones and the concentration of fecal secondary bile acid. We conclude that the combination of FOS and soy isoflavones inhibits colonic ACF formation and reduces COX-2 expression in DMH-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Tako E, Glahn RP, Welch RM, Lei X, Yasuda K, Miller DD. Dietary inulin affects the expression of intestinal enterocyte iron transporters, receptors and storage protein and alters the microbiota in the pig intestine. Br J Nutr 2008; 99:472-80. [PMID: 17868492 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507825128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Inulin, a linear β fructan, is present in a variety of plants including chicory root and wheat. It exhibits prebiotic properties and has been shown to enhance mineral absorption and increase beneficial bacteria in the colon. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of dietary inulin on the gene expression of selected intestinal Fe transporters and binding proteins. Anaemic piglets at age 5 weeks were allocated to a standard maize–soya diet (control) or the same diet supplemented with inulin at a level of 4 %. After 6 weeks, the animals were killed and caecum contents and sections of the duodenum and colon were removed. Segments of the genes encoding for the pig divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and duodenal cytochrome-b reductase (Dcytb) were isolated and sequenced. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses were performed to evaluate the expression of DMT1, Dcytb, ferroportin, ferritin, transferrin receptor (TfR) and mucin genes. DMT1, Dcytb, ferroportin, ferritin and TfR mRNA levels in duodenal samples were significantly higher in the inulin group (P ≤ 0·05) compared with the control. In colon, DMT1, TfR and ferritin mRNA levels significantly increased in the inulin group. Additionally, the caecal content microflora was examined using 16S rDNA targeted probes from bacterial DNA. TheLactobacillusandBifidobacteriumpopulations were significantly increased in the inulin group (P ≤ 0·05) compared with the control group. These results indicate that dietary inulin might trigger an up regulation of genes encoding for Fe transporters in the enterocyte. The specific mechanism for this effect remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Itacha, NY 14853, USA.
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Coxam V. Current Data with Inulin-Type Fructans and Calcium, Targeting Bone Health in Adults. J Nutr 2007; 137:2527S-2533S. [DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.11.2527s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Larkin TA, Price WE, Astheimer LB. Increased probiotic yogurt or resistant starch intake does not affect isoflavone bioavailability in subjects consuming a high soy diet. Nutrition 2007; 23:709-18. [PMID: 17656069 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2007.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Probiotics and prebiotics that affect gut microflora balance and its associated enzyme activity may contribute to interindividual variation in isoflavone absorption after soy intake, possibly enhancing isoflavone bioavailability. This study examined the effects of the consumption of bioactive yogurt (a probiotic) or resistant starch (a known prebiotic) in combination with high soy intake on soy isoflavone bioavailability. METHODS Using a crossover design, chronic soy consumption was compared with soy plus probiotic yogurt or resistant starch in older male and postmenopausal females (n = 31). Isoflavone bioavailability was assessed at the beginning and end of each 5-wk dietary period by sampling plasma and urine after a standardized soy meal. RESULTS Chronic soy intake did not significantly affect plasma or urinary isoflavones after the soy meal and there were no significant effects of probiotic or resistant starch treatment. However, there were trends for increased circulating plasma daidzein and genistein after the probiotic treatment and for increased plasma daidzein and genistein 24 h after soy intake with resistant starch treatment. Neither treatment induced or increased equol production, although there was a trend for increased plasma equol in "equol-positive" subjects (n = 12) after probiotic treatment. CONCLUSION The weak or absence of effects of probiotic yogurt or resistant starch supplement to a chronic soy diet suggests that gut microflora were not modified in a manner that significantly affected isoflavone bioavailability or metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Larkin
- School of Health Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
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Wu J, Oka J, Ezaki J, Ohtomo T, Ueno T, Uchiyama S, Toda T, Uehara M, Ishimi Y. Possible role of equol status in the effects of isoflavone on bone and fat mass in postmenopausal Japanese women. Menopause 2007; 14:866-74. [PMID: 17464237 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3180305299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Equol is more biologically active than its precursor daidzein, which is the principal isoflavone found in soybean. There are interindividual differences in the ability to produce equol; these may lead to differences in the effects of isoflavone intervention on human health. This study aimed to investigate whether the effects of soy isoflavones on bone and fat mass are related to an individual's equol status. DESIGN We performed a 1-year double-blind, randomized trial to compare the effects of isoflavone (75 mg of isoflavone conjugates/day) with those of placebo on bone mineral density, fat mass, and serum isoflavone concentrations in early postmenopausal Japanese women who were classified based on their equol-producer phenotype. RESULTS After 1 year, the isoflavone intervention significantly increased the serum equol concentration in the equol producers but not in the nonproducers. In the isoflavone group, the annualized changes in the bone mineral density of the total hip and intertrochanteric regions were -0.46% and -0.04%, respectively, in the equol producers and -2.28% and -2.61%, respectively, in the nonproducers; these values were significantly different (P<0.05 for both the regions). Significant differences were observed between the equol producers and nonproducers in the isoflavone group with regard to the annualized changes in the fat mass. No significant difference in the annualized changes in bone mineral density and fat mass was observed between the equol producers and nonproducers in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the preventive effects of isoflavones on bone loss and fat accumulation in early postmenopausal women depend on an individual's equol-producing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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Mathey J, Mardon J, Fokialakis N, Puel C, Kati-Coulibaly S, Mitakou S, Bennetau-Pelissero C, Lamothe V, Davicco MJ, Lebecque P, Horcajada MN, Coxam V. Modulation of soy isoflavones bioavailability and subsequent effects on bone health in ovariectomized rats: the case for equol. Osteoporos Int 2007; 18:671-9. [PMID: 17333448 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-007-0351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soy products are of particular interest because of their potential health benefits in a range of hormonal conditions, such as osteoporosis, due to their high content in phytoestrogens. Because equol, the main metabolite from soy isoflavones, is thought to be powerful, the present study was designated to evaluate the bone-sparing effects of equol by either providing the molecule through the diet or by eliciting its endogenous production by modulating intestinal microflora by short-chain fructooligosaccharides (sc-FOS) or live microbial (Lactobacillus casei) together with daidzein, its precursor. METHODS A comparison with daidzein and genistein was also performed. Rats (3 months old) were ovariectomised (OVX) or sham-operated (SH). Ovariectomised rats were randomly assigned to six experimental diets for 3 months: a control diet (OVX), the control diet supplemented with either genistein (G), or daidzein (D), or equol (E) at the level of 10 microg/g body weight/d. The remaining OVX rats were given daidzein at the dose of 10 mug/g body weight/d, simultaneously with short-chain FOS (Actilight, Beghin-Meiji) (D+FOS) or Lactobacillus casei (Actimel, Danone) (D+L). The SH rats were given the same control diet as OVX. RESULTS Genistein, daidzein or equol exhibited a bone sparing effect. Indeed, total femoral bone mineral density (BMD) was significantly enhanced (compared to that of OVX rats), as was the metaphyseal compartment. Bone strength was improved by E consumption, but not by genistein or daidzein given alone. As far as the FOS diet is concerned, the addition of prebiotics significantly raised efficiency of the daidzein protective effect on both femoral BMD and mechanical properties. The effects of lactobacillus were similar, except that the increase in metaphyseal-BMD was not significant. CONCLUSION In conclusion, long-term equol consumption, like genistein and daidzein, in the ovariectomized rat, provides bone sparing effects. Adding indigestible sugars, such as FOS or live microbial as L. casei, in the diet significantly improves daidzein protective effects on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mathey
- Groupe Ostéoporose, U3M, INRA Theix, Saint Genès-Champanelle, France
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Coxam V. Inulin-type fructans and bone health: state of the art and perspectives in the management of osteoporosis. Br J Nutr 2007; 93 Suppl 1:S111-23. [PMID: 15877884 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20041341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
If the primary role of diet is to provide sufficient nutrients to meet the metabolic requirements of an individual, there is an emerging rationale to support the hypothesis that, by modulating specific target functions in the body, it can help achieve optimal health. Regarding osteoporosis prevention, since Ca is most likely to be inadequate in terms of dietary intake, every strategy targeting an improvement in Ca absorption is very interesting. Actually, this process may be susceptible to manipulation by fermentable substrates. In this light, inulin-type fructans are very interesting, even if we need to gather more data targeting bone metabolism before health professionals can actively advocate their consumption to prevent senile osteoporosis. Besides targeting the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, inulin-type fructans still remain a source for putative innovative dietary health intervention. Indeed, given in combination with isoflavones, they may have a potential for maintaining or improving the bone mass of human subjects, by modulating the bioavailability of phyto-oestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Coxam
- Groupe Ostéoporose, INRA Theix, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France.
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van de Wiele T, Boon N, Possemiers S, Jacobs H, Verstraete W. Inulin-type fructans of longer degree of polymerization exert more pronounced in vitro prebiotic effects. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102:452-60. [PMID: 17241351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We assessed to what extent fructans of different degrees of polymerization (DP) differ in their prebiotic effectiveness towards in vitro microbial communities from the proximal and distal colon. METHODS AND RESULTS Two short chain fructans - oligofructose (DP 2-20) and inulin (DP 3-60) - were administered to the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) at 2.5 g day(-1). The influence of fructan addition towards fermentation activity and microbial community composition from the different SHIME colon compartments were evaluated. Both fructans exerted prebiotic effects with significantly higher butyrate and propionate production and stimulation of lactic acid-producing bacteria. Compared with oligofructose, it was noted that it took more time before significant effects from inulin addition were observed. Yet, the higher short-chain fatty acid production and lower proteolytic activity showed that the prebiotic effects from inulin were more pronounced than oligofructose. Also, the bifidogenic effects from inulin vs oligofructose were higher in the distal colon compartments and this effect was prolonged in the distal colon once the addition was stopped. CONCLUSIONS Inulin has more pronounced prebiotic effects than oligofructose towards both fermentation activity and bacterial community composition in the SHIME model. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Its slower fermentation rate and higher prebiotic potency makes inulin a more interesting compound than oligofructose to beneficially influence the microbial community from both the proximal and distal colon regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T van de Wiele
- Laboratory Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Hanafy AM, Sasanami T, Mori M. Sensitivity of expression of perivitelline membrane glycoprotein ZP1 mRNA in the liver of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) to estrogenic compounds. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 144:356-62. [PMID: 17188579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Avian perivitelline membrane protein, ZP1, is synthesized and secreted by the liver with the stimulation of estrogens. In the present study, we measured the expression of ZP1 gene in the liver of immature male quail treated with various estrogenic compounds and in the liver of male quail embryos that were developed in the fertilized eggs laid by mother quail injected with various estrogenic compounds during vitellogenesis. Total RNA extracted from the liver was reverse-transcribed and cDNA was subjected to real-time PCR. Both diethylstilbestrol and ethinyl estradiol caused significant effect on the increase in mRNA in immature male quail. In contrast, diethylstilbestrol administered via the route of maternal injection was not effective for induction of embryonic mRNA, although the effect of ethinyl estradiol administered via the same route was prominent. These results showed that direct administration of estrogenic compounds, diethylstilbestrol and ethinyl estradiol, stimulates the induction of ZP1 gene, but the rate of accumulation of these compounds in the yolk is different during vitellogenesis. The present studies suggest that although ZP1 gene is a sensitive biomarker to evaluate the effects of endocrine disruptors, the route of administration is an important factor to compare the effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Hanafy
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Devareddy L, Khalil DA, Korlagunta K, Hooshmand S, Bellmer DD, Arjmandi BH. The effects of fructo-oligosaccharides in combination with soy protein on bone in osteopenic ovariectomized rats. Menopause 2006; 13:692-9. [PMID: 16837891 DOI: 10.1097/01.gme.0000195372.74944.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intestinal microflora is important in rendering soy isoflavones bioavailable by facilitating their conversion to equol. Hence, substances that can modulate the intestinal microflora could affect the bioavailability of isoflavones. In this study, we examined the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), a prebiotic, on enhancing the effects of soy isoflavones on bone in ovariectomized osteopenic female rats. DESIGN Sixty-three 9-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham; one group) or ovariectomized (Ovx; four groups) and were fed a control diet for 3 months to induce bone loss. After bone loss was confirmed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, rats were placed on dietary treatment for 4 months. The Sham and one Ovx group received a control diet, and the remaining Ovx groups received either a soy protein-based diet (Soy), a FOS-supplemented diet (FOS), or a soy protein-based and FOS-supplemented diet (Soy+FOS). Before the termination of the study, whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were assessed under anesthesia. Immediately after euthanasia, bone specimens were collected for the assessments of BMD, BMC, and biomechanical and microarchitectural properties. RESULTS Whole-body BMD values were significantly higher in FOS and Soy+FOS groups compared with Ovx controls. The tibial BMC increased by 10%, 6%, and 4% in Soy, FOS, and Soy+FOS groups, respectively, compared to the Ovx control group. FOS and FOS+Soy treatments had the most pronounced effects in enhancing lumbar BMC and BMD. The FOS+Soy combination effectively improved tibial microarchitectural properties by enhancing trabecular number and lowering trabecular separation compared with Ovx controls. The effects of dietary treatments on lumbar microarchitectural properties were minimal and biomechanical properties of the femur were not affected by any of the dietary treatments. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that, although incorporation of either soy or FOS in the diet of Ovx rats can improve BMD of the whole body, tibiae, and lumbar vertebrae, their combination had no any additive effects. However, in terms of microarchitecture, the combination of soy and FOS had a greater effect in reversing the loss of certain microarchitectural parameters such as tibial trabecular number, separation, and thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Devareddy
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Chen CY, Bakhiet RM. Age decreased steady-state concentrations of genistein in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle in Sprague-Dawley rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2006; 127:344-8. [PMID: 16420957 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2005.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 09/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Soy isoflavones are associated with low incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and hormone-dependent cancers, but no solid information is available on the relative deposition of isoflavones in the body as a function of age. One-year-old (adult) male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed control diet or one of three high-genistein isoflavone (HGI) diets at a dose of 62, 154, or 308 genistein mg/kg (ppm) diet for 5 weeks; 2-year-old (old) were fed a dose of 154 or 308 ppm. Steady-state genistein concentrations in plasma, liver, and gastrocnemius muscle of the adult rats after 12 h fast revealed a linear dose-dependent manner (P < or = 0.0001). However, there was no such relationship in the old rats. Nevertheless, old rats fed the 308 ppm genistein diet had significantly lower steady-state genistein concentrations in plasma and liver than the adult rats did (P < or = 0.05); but similar genistein concentration in muscle. The results of this study indicate that steady-state genistein concentrations in tissues of adult rats after 12 h fast exhibited a dose-dependent fashion and were diminished in specific tissues by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yen Chen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods & Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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