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Guo Q, Cui B, Yuan C, Guo L, Li Z, Chai Q, Wang N, Gänzle M, Zhao M. Fabrication of dry S/O/W microcapsule and its probiotic protection against different stresses. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2842-2850. [PMID: 38012057 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encapsulation is commonly used to protect probiotics against harsh stresses. Thus, the fabrication of microcapsules with special structure is critical. In this work, microcapsules with the structure of S/O/W (solid-in-oil-in-water) emulsion were prepared for probiotics, with butterfat containing probiotics as the inner core and with whey protein isolate fibrils (WPIF) and antioxidants (epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG; glutathione, GSH) as the outer shell. RESULTS Based on the high viscosity and good emulsifying ability of WPIF, dry well-dispersed microcapsules were successfully prepared via the stabilization of the butterfat emulsion during freeze-drying with 30-50 g L-1 WPIF. WPIF, WPIF + EGCG, and WPIF + GSH microcapsules with 50 g L-1 WPIF protected probiotics very well against different stresses and exhibited similar inactivation results, indicating that EGCG and GSH exerted neither harm or protection on probiotics. This significantly reduced the harmful effects of antioxidants on probiotics. Almost all the probiotics survived after pasteurization, which was critical for the use of probiotics in other foods. The inactivation values of probiotics in microcapsules were around 1 log in simulated gastric juice (SGJ), about 0.5 log in simulated intestinal juice (SIJ), and around 1 log after 40 days of ambient storage. CONCLUSION Dry S/O/W microcapsule, with butterfat containing probiotics as the inner core and WPIF as the outer shell, significantly increased the resistance of probiotics to harsh environments. This work proposed a preparation method of dry S/O/W microcapsule with core/shell structure, which could be used in the encapsulation of probiotics and other bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Center at HUT, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qingqing Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Michael Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Meng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
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2
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Hevia A, Ruas-Madiedo P, Faria MA, Petit V, Alves B, Alvito P, Arranz E, Bastiaan-Net S, Corredig M, Dijk W, Dupont D, Giblin L, Graf BA, Kondrashina A, Ramos H, Ruiz L, Santos-Hernández M, Soriano-Romaní L, Tomás-Cobos L, Vivanco-Maroto SM, Recio I, Miralles B. A Shared Perspective on in Vitro and in Vivo Models to Assay Intestinal Transepithelial Transport of Food Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19265-19276. [PMID: 38035628 PMCID: PMC10723066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Assessing nutrient bioavailability is complex, as the process involves multiple digestion steps, several cellular environments, and regulatory-metabolic mechanisms. Several in vitro models of different physiological relevance are used to study nutrient absorption, providing significant challenges in data evaluation. However, such in vitro models are needed for mechanistic studies as well as to screen for biological functionality of the food structures designed. This collaborative work aims to put into perspective the wide-range of models to assay the permeability of food compounds considering the particular nature of the different molecules, and, where possible, in vivo data are provided for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arancha Hevia
- Dairy
Research Institute of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares, sn. Villaviciosa 33300, Asturias. Spain
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Dairy
Research Institute of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares, sn. Villaviciosa 33300, Asturias. Spain
| | - Miguel Angelo Faria
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências
Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valérie Petit
- Nestlé
Research, Société des Produits
Nestlé SA, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruna Alves
- Faculty
of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Paula Alvito
- Food
and Nutrition Department, National Institute
of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- CESAM - Centre
for Environmental and Marine Studies, University
of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elena Arranz
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Wageningen
Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen
University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Milena Corredig
- Department
of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Didier Dupont
- INRAE Agrocampus Ouest, STLO, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61
C996 County Cork, Ireland
| | - Brigitte Anna Graf
- Department
of Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, M15 6BH Manchester, U.K.
| | - Alina Kondrashina
- H&H
Group, H&H Research, Global Research
and Technology Centre, P61
K202 Cork, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Helena Ramos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências
Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Dairy
Research Institute of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares, sn. Villaviciosa 33300, Asturias. Spain
| | - Marta Santos-Hernández
- Wellcome
Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research laboratories, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Laura Soriano-Romaní
- AINIA
in Vitro Preclinical Studies Area, Parque
Tecnológico de Valencia. c/Benjamín Franklin, 5-11, E46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Lidia Tomás-Cobos
- AINIA
in Vitro Preclinical Studies Area, Parque
Tecnológico de Valencia. c/Benjamín Franklin, 5-11, E46980 Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Isidra Recio
- Institute of Food
Science Research CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Miralles
- Institute of Food
Science Research CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Effects of dietary fat type and emulsification on carotenoid absorption: a randomized crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:1017-1025. [PMID: 36921903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although emerging evidence has suggested that the type and emulsification of dietary fat may be important to carotenoids absorption, these effects have not yet been validated in a human trial. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effects of dietary fat type and emulsification on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids from a carotenoids-rich salad. METHODS An identical salad was used for the in vitro and the human trial. This was paired with 28 g of one of the following four different fats: i) non-emulsified olive oil; ii) emulsified olive oil; (iv) non-emulsified coconut oil; v) emulsified coconut oil. The bioaccessibility of total carotenoids (TC) was assessed by a simulated in vitro digestion model. Sixteen subjects consumed salad with four test fats in random order, and plasma triglyceride and carotenoid (lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene) concentrations were determined hourly for 10 hours following the consumption. The absorption of TC and individual carotenoids were evaluated by the positive incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of plasma carotenoid concentrations. RESULTS The bioaccessibility of TC was greater with olive oil (24.0%) than with coconut oil (14.9%), and with the oil being emulsified (23.5%) rather than non-emulsified (15.4%). Likewise, the positive iAUC1-10h of TC, α-carotene and lycopene were 55.2%, 110.8% and 45.8%, respectively, higher with olive oil than with coconut oil. Emulsified fat induced 40.0% greater positive iAUC1-10h of TC than non-emulsified fat. CONCLUSIONS The type and emulsification of dietary fat are both essential to the carotenoid absorption. Findings from this study may provide scientific support for designing excipient emulsions as potential dietary strategies to optimize the absorption of fat-soluble compounds. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY The present trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04323826), link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04323826.
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Saturated Fatty Acids Consumed in Smoothies Increase Glucose and Metabolic Load Index in Young Adults Compared to Polyunsaturated Omega-3-Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030642. [PMID: 36771349 PMCID: PMC9919801 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic diets high in saturated fat (SF) and omega-6-fatty acids (O6FAs) elevate fasting triglycerides (TRGs) and glucose (GLU). Postprandial TRGs, GLU, and Metabolic Load Index (MLI) are better predictors of disease risk compared to fasting levels alone. Conversely, diets high in omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) may be cardioprotective. Unfortunately, many existing postprandial studies are not standardized to body weight and given in an amount individuals would typically consume in their daily lives; the MLI is not calculated, and varying types of fat content are not examined. Therefore, we sought to determine whether SF, O3FAs, or O6FAs altered postprandial TRGs, GLU, and MLI from a standardized mixed meal. Methods: Fifteen individuals (6 M and 9 F) visited the laboratory three times, separated by at least 48 h, to consume HFM smoothies with varying FA composition (SF, high O6FAs, and high O3FAs). The smoothies were standardized to 12 kcal/kg body weight, 63% total fat, and 0.72 g/kg sugar. TRGs and GLU were collected at baseline and at 2 h and 4 h postprandially; the MLI was calculated by summing the TRG and GLU responses at each time point. Results: There was a significant increase in TRGs across time points (p < 0.001). For TRGs, there was a trend toward a significant interaction between smoothie type and time (p = 0.06) due to the increase in TRGs in the SF compared to the O3FA smoothie. There was an increase in postprandial GLU that varied across smoothie types (p = 0.036). Taken together, the MLI was elevated in the SF smoothie compared to the O3FAs at 2 h (p = 0.041). Conclusion: A SF smoothie in the morning elevated the metabolic load compared to an O3FA smoothie. Mechanisms of action in the competing clearance of TRGs and GLU warrant further investigation.
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Saturated Fat and Cardiovascular Health: Phenotype and Dietary Factors Influencing Interindividual Responsiveness. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:391-398. [PMID: 35320834 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent inconsistencies in nutrition research studies examining the influence of saturated fat (SFA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk have led to substantial scientific debate and increased public confusion. This review will summarize metabolic characteristics and food-based factors that underlie interindividual responsiveness to SFA consumption. RECENT FINDINGS The magnitude of postprandial blood lipid responses to SFA intake is dependent on a number of individual factors including age, sex, and adiposity status. Further, the metabolic effects of SFA intake are influenced by the specific types of SFAs and the food matrix within which they are contained. Importantly, results from research examining the effects of SFA on CVD risk should be interpreted with consideration of the comparator nutrient (i.e., carbohydrate, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat). A more nuanced understanding of the multitude of factors mediating the influence of SFA on lipid metabolism and CVD risk might help resolve the current controversy and inform more precise personalized recommendations for future dietary guidelines.
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Nilsson Å, Duan RD, Ohlsson L. Digestion and Absorption of Milk Phospholipids in Newborns and Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:724006. [PMID: 34490332 PMCID: PMC8417471 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.724006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk polar lipids provide choline, ethanolamine, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are needed for the growth and plasticity of the tissues in a suckling child. They may also inhibit cholesterol absorption by interacting with cholesterol during micelle formation. They may also have beneficial luminal, mucosal, and metabolic effects in both the neonate and the adult. The milk fat globule membrane contains large proportions of sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and some phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and glycosphingolipids. Large-scale technical procedures are available for the enrichment of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in milk replacement formulations and food additives. Pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and mucosal phospholipase B digest glycero-phospholipids in the adult. In the neonate, where these enzymes may be poorly expressed, pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 probably has a more important role. Mucosal alkaline SM-ase and ceramidase catalyze the digestion of SM in both the neonate and the adult. In the mucosa, the sphingosine is converted into sphingosine-1-phosphate, which is both an intermediate in the conversion to palmitic acid and a signaling molecule. This reaction sequence also generates ethanolamine. Here, we summarize the pathways by which digestion and absorption may be linked to the biological effects of milk polar lipids. In addition to the inhibition of cholesterol absorption and the generation of lipid signals in the gut, the utilization of absorbed choline and ethanolamine for mucosal and hepatic phospholipid synthesis and the acylation of absorbed lyso-PC with polyunsaturated fatty acids to chylomicron and mucosal phospholipids are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åke Nilsson
- Division of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rui-Dong Duan
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Ohlsson
- Division of Medicine, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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7
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Neumann HF, Egert S. Impact of Meal Fatty Acid Composition on Postprandial Lipemia in Metabolically Healthy Adults and Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:193-207. [PMID: 34427586 PMCID: PMC8803497 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Consuming fat results in postprandial lipemia, which is defined as an increase in blood triglyceride (TG) concentration. According to current knowledge, an excessively elevated postprandial TG concentration increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is well known that meal-dependent (e.g., nutrient composition) as well as meal-independent factors (e.g., age) determine the magnitude of the lipemic response. However, there is conflicting evidence concerning the influence of fatty acid (FA) composition on postprandial TG concentration. The FA composition of a meal depends on the fat source used; for example, butter and coconut oil are rich in SFAs, while olive oil and canola oil have a high content of unsaturated FAs. To investigate the influence of meals prepared with fat sources rich in either SFAs or unsaturated FAs on postprandial lipemia, we carried out a systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Randomized crossover studies were analyzed and the AUC of postprandial TG concentration served as the primary outcome measure. To examine the influence of health status, we differentiated between metabolically healthy individuals and those with CVD risk factors. In total, 23 studies were included. The results show that, in metabolically healthy adults, the FA composition of a meal is not a relevant determinant of postprandial lipemia. However, in individuals with CVD risk factors, SFA-rich meals (>32 g SFA/meal) often elicited a stronger lipemic response than meals rich in unsaturated FAs. The results suggest that adults with hypertriglyceridemia, an elevated BMI (≥30 kg/m2), and/or who are older (>40 y) may benefit from replacing SFA sources with unsaturated FAs. These hypotheses need to be verified by further studies in people with CVD risk factors using standardized postprandial protocols. This review was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42021214508 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F Neumann
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Guarneiri LL, Spaulding MO, Marquardt AR, Cooper JA, Paton CM. Acute consumption of pecans decreases angiopoietin-like protein-3 in healthy males: a secondary analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Res 2021; 92:62-71. [PMID: 34274555 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTL)-3 and -4 regulate lipid metabolism, but the effect of tree nuts of varying fatty acid composition on post-meal responses is unknown. The purpose of the study was to conduct a secondary analysis of two studies on ANGPTL3 and -4 responses to meals containing different tree nuts. We hypothesized that the pecan-containing meal would mitigate postprandial rises in ANGPTL3 compared to the traditional meal without nuts in males, but not females. In addition, we hypothesized that there would be no other differences between any other treatments in ANGPTL3 or -4 responses. The two studies were double-blind, randomized crossover trials. Twenty-two adults (10=male, 12=female) completed study 1, which compared meals containing pecans vs. no nuts (control), and thirty adults (14=male, 16=female) completed study 2, which compared meals containing black walnuts, English walnuts (EW), or no nuts (control). Blood was collected at fasting, 30, 60, 120, and 180min postprandially. In study 1, ANGPTL3 was suppressed more in pecan vs. control in males (iAUC: -579.4±219.4 vs. -128.4±87.1pg/mL/3h, P<.05). In study 2, there was no difference in ANGPTL3 between black walnuts vs. EW, but ANGPTL3 was suppressed more in control vs. black walnuts in females only (iAUC: -196.4±138.4 vs. 102.1±90.1pg/mL/3h, P<.05). There were no differences in ANGPTL4 between treatments. In conclusion, adding pecans to a meal decreased ANGPTL3 in males, but not females. These data highlight the importance of investigating the impact of nutrients and sex on postprandial ANGPTL3 ad -4 responses to better understand their ability to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana L Guarneiri
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mai O Spaulding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alexis R Marquardt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chad M Paton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Tomé-Carneiro J, Crespo MC, López de Las Hazas MC, Visioli F, Dávalos A. Olive oil consumption and its repercussions on lipid metabolism. Nutr Rev 2021; 78:952-968. [PMID: 32299100 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of highly processed foods, such as those high in trans fats and free sugars, coupled with sedentarism and chronic stress increases the risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders, while adherence to a Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with the prevalence of such diseases. Olive oil is the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet. Data accumulated thus far show consumption of extra virgin, (poly)phenol-rich olive oil to be associated with specific health benefits. Of note, recommendations for consumption based on health claims refer to the phenolic content of extra virgin olive oil as beneficial. However, even though foods rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, such as olive oil, are healthier than foods rich in saturated and trans fats, their inordinate use can lead to adverse effects on health. The aim of this review was to summarize the data on olive oil consumption worldwide and to critically examine the literature on the potential adverse effects of olive oil and its main components, particularly any effects on lipid metabolism. As demonstrated by substantial evidence, extra virgin olive oil is healthful and should be preferentially used within the context of a balanced diet, but excessive consumption may lead to adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Firouzi S, Rezvani R, Pahlavani N, Jarahi L, Navashenaq JG, Ranjbar G, Malekahmadi M, Taherzadeh Z, Safarian M. Postprandial effects of macronutrient composition meals on the metabolic responses and arterial stiffness indices of lean and obese male adults: a protocol of a pilot study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:41. [PMID: 33536071 PMCID: PMC7856746 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have shown that meal composition may affect the metabolic responses and arterial stiffness indices, and these responses may be different in lean and obese adults. The primary objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of conducting a trial to compare the effect of three test meals in lean and obese men. Due to the lack of a comprehensive study that concurrently compares metabolic responses and vascular stiffness indices after receiving three different meals in lean and obese men, this pilot study will be conducted with a three-phase parallel design, aiming to investigate the effects of meal composition on the metabolic parameters and arterial stiffness indices of lean and obese adults. METHODS This pilot, a parallel clinical trial will be performed on 24 male adults aged 18-35 years since January 2021 and will continue until March 2021 who are disease-free and selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The subjects will complete three interventions at a 1-week interval, including high carbohydrate (70% carbohydrates, 10% protein, 20% fat), high protein (30% protein, 50% carbohydrates, 20% fat), and high-fat meal (50% fat, 40% carbohydrates, 10% protein). Postprandial effects will be assessed within 360 min after each meal, including the energy expenditure component (resting energy expenditure, thermic effects of feeding, respiratory quotient, and substrate oxidation) and arterial stiffness indices (augmentation index and pulse wave velocity). In addition, blood sampling will be performed to measure glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, and lipid profile. DISCUSSION The differences in the postprandial responses can affect the metabolic and vascular parameters due to different meal compositions, thereby providing beneficial data for the establishment of new strategies in terms of nutritional education and metabolic/vascular improvement. Also, the results from this pilot study will inform intervention refinement and efficacy testing of the intervention in a larger randomized controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials; code: IRCT20190818044552N1 ; registered on August 26, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Firouzi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Lida Jarahi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zhila Taherzadeh
- Target Drug Delivery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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Boulet MM, Cheillan D, Di Filippo M, Lelekov-Boissard T, Buisson C, Lambert-Porcheron S, Nazare JA, Tressou J, Michalski MC, Calzada C, Moulin P. Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins from Type 2 Diabetic Women Stimulate Platelet Activation Regardless of the Fat Source in the Meal. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000694. [PMID: 32844550 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this study is to examine whether postprandial (PP) triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) secreted after a moderate fat intake would activate platelets differently according to their fatty acid (FA) composition. METHODS AND RESULTS In a parallel single-blind randomized trial, 30 women with type 2 diabetes are assigned a breakfast containing 20 g lipids from butter versus hazelnut-cocoa spread (HCS) rich in palm oil. Blood samples are collected at fasting and 4 h PP. FA composition of fasting and PP TGRL and their effects on the activation of platelets from healthy blood donors are assessed. Both breakfasts similarly increase plasma ApoB-48, plasma, and TGRL triglycerides (p < 0.05). TGRL mean diameter increases after both breakfasts and is greater after the butter breakfast. Both breakfasts are rich in palmitic acid, and the HCS breakfast contains 45% oleic acid. TGRL FA composition reflects the dietary FA composition. Pre-incubation of platelets with fasting and PP TGRL increases collagen-stimulated aggregation (p < 0.01 vs control). Fasting and PP TGRL similarly increase agonist-induced thromboxane B2 concentrations, and this effect is concentration-dependent for PP TGRL. CONCLUSION PP TGRL from type 2 diabetic women after a palm-oil spread versus butter-based mixed meal induce similar acute in vitro platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Michèle Boulet
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR 1397, INSA Lyon, CENS-ELI Building 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite, 69310, France
| | - David Cheillan
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR 1397, INSA Lyon, CENS-ELI Building 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite, 69310, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, 69500, France
| | - Mathilde Di Filippo
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR 1397, INSA Lyon, CENS-ELI Building 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite, 69310, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, 69500, France
| | - Taïssia Lelekov-Boissard
- Fédération d'endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, 69500, France
| | - Charline Buisson
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR 1397, INSA Lyon, CENS-ELI Building 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Stéphanie Lambert-Porcheron
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Jessica Tressou
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, 75005, France.,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR 1397, INSA Lyon, CENS-ELI Building 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Catherine Calzada
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR 1397, INSA Lyon, CENS-ELI Building 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Philippe Moulin
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR 1397, INSA Lyon, CENS-ELI Building 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite, 69310, France.,Fédération d'endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, 69500, France
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12
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Lambadiari V, Korakas E, Tsimihodimos V. The Impact of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load on Postprandial Lipid Kinetics, Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2204. [PMID: 32722053 PMCID: PMC7468809 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many recent studies have acknowledged postprandial hypetriglyceridemia as a distinct risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This dysmetabolic state is the result of the hepatic overproduction of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and intestinal secretion of chylomicrons (CMs), which leads to highly atherogenic particles and endothelial inflammation. Postprandial lipid metabolism does not only depend on consumed fat but also on the other classes of nutrients that a meal contains. Various mechanisms through which carbohydrates exacerbate lipidemia have been identified, especially for fructose, which stimulates de novo lipogenesis. Glycemic index and glycemic load, despite their intrinsic limitations, have been used as markers of the postprandial glucose and insulin response, and their association with metabolic health and cardiovascular events has been extensively studied with contradictory results. This review aims to discuss the importance and pathogenesis of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and its association with cardiovascular disease. Then, we describe the mechanisms through which carbohydrates influence lipidemia and, through a brief presentation of the available clinical studies on glycemic index/glycemic load, we discuss the association of these indices with atherogenic dyslipidemia and address possible concerns and implications for everyday practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaia Lambadiari
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, University General Hospital Attikon, 124 62 Haidari, Greece;
| | - Emmanouil Korakas
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, University General Hospital Attikon, 124 62 Haidari, Greece;
| | - Vasilios Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece;
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13
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Lee DPS, Low JHM, Chen JR, Zimmermann D, Actis-Goretta L, Kim JE. The Influence of Different Foods and Food Ingredients on Acute Postprandial Triglyceride Response: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1529-1543. [PMID: 32609800 PMCID: PMC7666897 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of postprandial triglyceride (ppTG) as a cardiovascular disease risk indicator has gained recent popularity. However, the influence of different foods or food ingredients on the ppTG response has not been comprehensively characterized. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of foods or food ingredients on the ppTG response. PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant acute (<24-h) randomized controlled trials published up to September 2018. Based on our selection criteria, 179 relevant trials (366 comparisons) were identified and systematically compiled into distinct food or food ingredient categories. A ppTG-lowering effect was noted for soluble fiber (Hedges' giAUC = -0.72; 95% CI: -1.33, -0.11), sodium bicarbonate mineral water (Hedges' gAUC = -0.42; 95% CI: -0.79, -0.04), diacylglycerol oil (Hedges' giAUC = -0.38; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.00), and whey protein when it was contrasted with other proteins. The fats group showed significant but opposite effects depending on the outcome measure used (Hedges' giAUC = -0.32; 95% CI: -0.61, -0.03; and Hedges' gAUC = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.26). Data for other important food groups (nuts, vegetables, and polyphenols) were also assessed but of limited availability. Assessing for oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) recommendation compliance, most trials were ≥4 h long but lacked a sufficiently high fat challenge. iAUC and AUC were more common measures of ppTG. Overall, our analyses indicate that the effects on ppTG by different food groups are diverse, largely influenced by the type of food or food ingredient within the same group. The type of ppTG measurement can also influence the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Pei Shan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Hui Min Low
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Lucas Actis-Goretta
- Nestlé Research Singapore Hub, Singapore,Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Pahlavani N, Firouzi S, Rezvani R, Jarahi L, Malekahmadi M, Taghipour A, Ranjbar G, Taherzadeh Z, Safarian M. Postprandial effects of macronutrient composition meals on metabolic responses and arterial stiffness indexes in lean and obese men adults; a protocol study (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2020. [DOI: 10.2196/21162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Franconi F, Campesi I, Romani A. Is Extra Virgin Olive Oil an Ally for Women's and Men's Cardiovascular Health? Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:6719301. [PMID: 32454893 PMCID: PMC7212338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6719301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are long-lasting and slowly progressive and are the leading causes of death and disability. They include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) that are rising worldwide, with CVD being the leading cause of death in developed countries. Thus, there is a need to find new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Polyphenols seem to have cardioprotective properties; among them, polyphenols and/or minor polar compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are attracting special interest. In consideration of numerous sex differences present in CVD and DM, in this narrative review, we applied "gender glasses." Globally, it emerges that olive oil and its derivatives exert some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, modulate glucose metabolism, and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. However, as in prescription drugs, also in this case there is an important gender bias because the majority of the preclinical studies are performed on male animals, and the sex of donors of cells is not often known; thus a sex/gender bias characterizes preclinical research. There are numerous clinical studies that seem to suggest the benefits of EVOO and its derivatives in CVD; however, these studies have numerous limitations, presenting also a considerable heterogeneity across the interventions. Among limitations, one of the most relevant in the era of personalized medicine, is the non-attention versus women that are few and, also when they are enrolled, sex analysis is lacking. Therefore, in our opinion, it is time to perform more long, extensive and lessheterogeneous trials enrolling both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romani
- Laboratorio PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement Technology and Analysis), DiSIA Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Laboratorio di Qualità Delle Merci e Affidabilità di Prodotto, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 59100 Florence, Italy
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16
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Schönknecht YB, Crommen S, Stoffel-Wagner B, Coenen M, Fimmers R, Holst JJ, Simon MC, Stehle P, Egert S. Acute Effects of Three Different Meal Patterns on Postprandial Metabolism in Older Individuals with a Risk Phenotype for Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901035. [PMID: 32223057 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this study is to investigate acute postprandial responses to intake of meals typical for Mediterranean and Western diets. METHODS In a randomized crossover design, overweight and obese participants with a risk phenotype for cardiometabolic diseases consumed three different isoenergetic meals: Western diet-like high-fat (WDHF), Western diet-like high-carbohydrate (WDHC), and Mediterranean diet (MED) meal. Blood samples are collected at fasting and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h postprandially and analyzed for parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, oxidation, and antioxidant status. RESULTS Compared to MED and WDHF meals, intake of a WDHC meal results in prolonged and elevated increases in glucose and insulin. Elevations for triglycerides are enhanced after the WDHF meal compared to the MED and the WDHC meal. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and interleukin-6 increase postprandially without meal differences. Apart from vitamin C showing an increase after the MED meal and a decrease after WDHF and WDHC meals, antioxidant markers decrease postprandially without meal differences. Plasma interleukin-1β is not affected by meal intake. CONCLUSIONS Energy-rich meals induce hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, an inflammatory response, and a decrease in antioxidant markers. A meal typical for the Mediterranean diet results in favorable effects on glycemic, insulinemic, and lipemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik B Schönknecht
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Silke Crommen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Martin Coenen
- Clinical Study Core Unit, Study Center Bonn, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 50599, Germany
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17
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Farràs M, Canyelles M, Fitó M, Escolà-Gil JC. Effects of Virgin Olive Oil and Phenol-Enriched Virgin Olive Oils on Lipoprotein Atherogenicity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030601. [PMID: 32110861 PMCID: PMC7146215 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The atherogenicity of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) may be more significant than LDL cholesterol levels. Clinical trials which have led to increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol have not always seen reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, genetic variants predisposing individuals to high HDL cholesterol are not associated with a lower risk of suffering a coronary event, and therefore HDL functionality is considered to be the most relevant aspect. Virgin olive oil (VOO) is thought to play a protective role against CVD. This review describes the effects of VOO and phenol-enriched VOOs on lipoprotein atherogenicity and HDL atheroprotective properties. The studies have demonstrated a decrease in LDL atherogenicity and an increase in the HDL-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL antioxidant activity, and HDL anti-inflammatory characteristics after various VOO interventions. Moreover, the expression of cholesterol efflux-related genes was enhanced after exposure to phenol-enriched VOOs in both post-prandial and sustained trials. Improvements in HDL antioxidant properties were also observed after VOO and phenol-enriched VOO interventions. Furthermore, some studies have demonstrated improved characteristics of TRL atherogenicity under postprandial conditions after VOO intake. Large-scale, long-term randomized clinical trials, and Mendelian analyses which assess the lipoprotein state and properties, are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Farràs
- Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (J.C.E.-G.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935537595
| | - Marina Canyelles
- Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (J.C.E.-G.)
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica, Biologia Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (J.C.E.-G.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica, Biologia Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Oluwagbemigun K, Foerster J, Watkins C, Fouhy F, Stanton C, Bergmann MM, Boeing H, Nöthlings U. Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Serum Metabolite Patterns and Their Association Is Influenced by Gut Bacteria among Older German Adults. J Nutr 2020; 150:149-158. [PMID: 31504715 PMCID: PMC6946898 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dietary intakes and dietary intake patterns (DPs) have been associated with single metabolites, it is unclear whether DPs are also reflected in specific metabolite patterns (MPs). Moreover, the influence of groups of gut bacteria on the relationship between DPs and MPs is underexplored. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association of DPs and serum MPs and also the modifying effect of the gut bacteria compositional patterns (BCPs). METHODS This is a cross-sectional investigation among 225 individuals (median age: 63 y; 53% women) from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Dietary intakes were assessed by three 24-h dietary recalls, gut bacteria composition was quantified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the serum metabolome was profiled by an untargeted approach. We identified DPs and BCPs by the treelet transform analysis. We modeled associations between DPs and 8 previously published MPs and the modifying effect of BCPs by fitting generalized linear models using DataSHIELD R. RESULTS We identified 5 DPs and 7 BCPs. The "bread, margarine, and processed meat" and "fruiting vegetables and vegetable oils" DPs were positively associated with the "amino acids" (β = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.69; P = 0.03) and "fatty acids" MPs (β = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.74; P = 0.01), respectively. The "tea and miscellaneous" was inversely associated with the "amino acids" (β = -0.28; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.05; P = 0.02) and "amino acid derivatives" MPs (β = -0.21; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.02; P = 0.03). One BCP negatively modified the association between the "bread, margarine, and processed meat" DP and the "amino acids" MP (P-interaction = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In older German adults, DPs are reflected in MPs, and the gut bacteria attenuate 1 DP-MP association. These MPs should be explored as biomarkers of these jointly consumed foods while taking into account a potentially modifying role of the gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolade Oluwagbemigun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jana Foerster
- Center for Population and Health eV, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Claire Watkins
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc/University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Fiona Fouhy
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc/University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Manuela M Bergmann
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam–Rehbrüke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam–Rehbrüke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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19
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Desmarchelier C, Borel P, Lairon D, Maraninchi M, Valéro R. Effect of Nutrient and Micronutrient Intake on Chylomicron Production and Postprandial Lipemia. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1299. [PMID: 31181761 PMCID: PMC6627366 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia, which is one of the main characteristics of the atherogenic dyslipidemia with fasting plasma hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and an increase of small and dense low-density lipoproteins is now considered a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Postprandial lipemia, which is mainly related to the increase in chylomicron production, is frequently elevated in individuals at high cardiovascular risk such as obese or overweight patients, type 2 diabetic patients and subjects with a metabolic syndrome who share an insulin resistant state. It is now well known that chylomicron production and thus postprandial lipemia is highly regulated by many factors such as endogenous factors: circulating factors such as hormones or free fatty acids, genetic variants, circadian rhythms, or exogenous factors: food components, dietary supplements and prescription drugs. In this review, we focused on the effect of nutrients, micronutrients and phytochemicals but also on food structure on chylomicron production and postprandial lipemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Desmarchelier
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, C2VN (Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INRA, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Patrick Borel
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, C2VN (Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INRA, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Denis Lairon
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, C2VN (Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INRA, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Marie Maraninchi
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, C2VN (Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INRA, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- CHU Conception, APHM (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille), 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - René Valéro
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, C2VN (Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, INRA, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- CHU Conception, APHM (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille), 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France.
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20
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Postprandial Lipemic Responses to Various Sources of Saturated and Monounsaturated Fat in Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051089. [PMID: 31100881 PMCID: PMC6567267 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is a cardiovascular disease risk factor. However, the effects of different fat sources on PPL remain unclear. We aimed to determine the postprandial response in triglycerides (TG) to four dietary fat sources in adults. Methods: Participants completed four randomized meal trials. For each meal trial, participants (n = 10; 5M/5F) consumed a high-fat meal (HFM) (13 kcal/kg; 61% of total kcal from fat) with the fat source derived from butter, coconut oil, olive oil, or canola oil. Blood was drawn hourly for 6 h post-meal to quantify PPL. Results: Two-way ANOVA of TG revealed a time effect (p < 0.0001), but no time–meal interaction (p = 0.56), or meal effect (p = 0.35). Meal trials did not differ with regard to TG total (p = 0.33) or incremental (p = 0.14) area-under-the-curve. When stratified by sex and the TG response was averaged across meals, two-way ANOVA revealed a time effect (p < 0.0001), time–group interaction (p = 0.0001), and group effect (p = 0.048), with men exhibiting a greater response than women, although this difference could be attributed to the pronounced difference in BMI between men and women within the sample. Conclusion: In our sample of young adults, postprandial TG responses to a single HFM comprised of different fat sources did not differ.
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Ravi H, Kurrey N, Manabe Y, Sugawara T, Baskaran V. Polymeric chitosan-glycolipid nanocarriers for an effective delivery of marine carotenoid fucoxanthin for induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer cells (Caco-2 cells). MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 91:785-795. [PMID: 30033314 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FUCO), a marine carotenoid is photo-, and thermo-labile and poorly bioavailable due to its lipophilicity. Hence, we developed a chitosan (CS) + glycolipid (GL) nanogels (NGs) to increase cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy of FUCO (10 μM) in human colon cells (Caco-2). Effect of FUCO loaded in NGs with/with no GL was studied in comparison with micellar FUCO. Results showed that the cell viability was lower (p < 0.05) in NGs + GL (50.5%) compared to NGs (-GL) (66.5%) and the mixed micelles (72.5%) groups over 48 h exposure. An enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was evident in NGs + GL (379.2%) group compared to NGs (-GL) and mixed micelles groups. Further, induction of apoptosis with an increased chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation as evidenced in DAPI staining and DNA ladder assay were higher in NGs + GL group than other groups. Down-regulation of Bcl-2 (6.6 folds) was higher in NGs + GL group compared to NGs (-GL) (1.94 fold) and mixed micelles (1.19 fold) groups. Higher Bax up-regulation in NGs + GL compared to other groups supports the Bcl-2 down regulation. Mitochondrial membrane polarisation (ΔΨm) was higher in NGs + GL group (2.46 fold) compared to NGs (-GL) (1.91 fold) and mixed micelles (1.26 fold) groups. The cellular FUCO uptake illustrated a positive correlation between its level (pmol/106 cells) in NGs + GL (758.3) and enhanced caspase-3 activity (25.8 folds). This could be the reason for an increased apoptotic activity in NGs + GL group than other groups. Results demonstrate that delivery of FUCO in NGs + GL carrier aids cellular uptake and chemotherapeutic potential of FUCO. Results further demonstrate, for the first time, higher anti-cancer activity of FUCO loaded in NGs + GL and the effect was through ROS generation via a caspase dependent mechanism in Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hindupur Ravi
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru-570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Nawneet Kurrey
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru-570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Vallikannan Baskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru-570020, Karnataka, India.
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Yajima K, Iwayama K, Ogata H, Park I, Tokuyama K. Meal rich in rapeseed oil increases 24-h fat oxidation more than meal rich in palm oil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198858. [PMID: 29902225 PMCID: PMC6002048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of the diet has been linked to the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Compared with monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids decrease fat oxidation and diet-induced thermogenesis. A potential limitation of previous studies was the short duration (≦5h) of calorimetry used. The present study compared the effects of a meal rich in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on 24-h of fat oxidation. Ten males participated in two sessions of indirect calorimetry in a whole-room metabolic chamber. At each session, subjects consumed three meals rich in palm oil (44.3% as saturated, 42.3% as monounsaturated and 13.4% as polyunsaturated fatty acid) or rapeseed oil (11.7% as saturated, 59.3% as monounsaturated and 29.0% as polyunsaturated fatty acid). Fat oxidation over 24-h was significantly higher in the meal rich in rapeseed oil (779 ± 202 kcal/day) than that rich in palm oil (703 ± 158 kcal/day, P < 0.05), although energy expenditure was similar between both meal conditions. Meal rich in unsaturated fatty acids increased the oxidation of exogenous and/or endogenous fat. The results of a long calorimetry period indicate that rapeseed oil offered an advantage toward increased 24-h fat oxidation in healthy young males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Yajima
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Administrative Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Seiei College, 4–6 Nishishinkoiwa 1-chome, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaito Iwayama
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ogata
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Insung Park
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Drouin-Chartier JP, Tremblay AJ, Maltais-Giguère J, Charest A, Guinot L, Rioux LE, Labrie S, Britten M, Lamarche B, Turgeon SL, Couture P. Differential impact of the cheese matrix on the postprandial lipid response: a randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:1358-1365. [PMID: 28978543 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.165027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In a simulated gastrointestinal environment, the cheese matrix modulates dairy fat digestion. However, to our knowledge, the impact of the cheese matrix on postprandial lipemia in humans has not yet been evaluated.Objective: In healthy subjects, we compared the impact of dairy fat provided from firm cheese, soft cream cheese, and butter on the postprandial response at 4 h and on the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of plasma triglycerides.Design: Forty-three healthy subjects were recruited to this randomized, crossover, controlled trial. In random order at intervals of 14 d and after a 12-h fast, subjects ingested 33 g fat from a firm cheese (young cheddar), a soft cream cheese (cream cheese), or butter (control) incorporated into standardized meals that were matched for macronutrient content. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides were measured immediately before the meal and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after the meal.Results: Cheddar cheese, cream cheese, and butter induced similar increases in triglyceride concentrations at 4 h (change from baseline: +59%, +59%, and +62%, respectively; P = 0.9). No difference in the triglyceride iAUC0-8 h (P-meal = 0.9) was observed between the 3 meals. However, at 2 h, the triglyceride response caused by the cream cheese (change from baseline: +44%) was significantly greater than that induced by butter (change from baseline: +24%; P = 0.002) and cheddar cheese (change from baseline: +16%; P = 0.0004). At 6 h, the triglyceride response induced by cream cheese was significantly attenuated compared with that induced by cheddar cheese (change from baseline: +14% compared with +42%; P = 0.0004).Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the cheese matrix modulates the impact of dairy fat on postprandial lipemia in healthy subjects. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02623790.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Léa Guinot
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,Centre de recherche en sciences et technologie du lait (STELA) Dairy Research Center, and
| | - Laurie-Eve Rioux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,Centre de recherche en sciences et technologie du lait (STELA) Dairy Research Center, and
| | - Steve Labrie
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,Centre de recherche en sciences et technologie du lait (STELA) Dairy Research Center, and
| | - Michel Britten
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,Centre de recherche en sciences et technologie du lait (STELA) Dairy Research Center, and
| | - Sylvie L Turgeon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,Centre de recherche en sciences et technologie du lait (STELA) Dairy Research Center, and
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, .,Centre de recherche en sciences et technologie du lait (STELA) Dairy Research Center, and.,Lipid Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Dias CB, Moughan PJ, Wood LG, Singh H, Garg ML. Postprandial lipemia: factoring in lipemic response for ranking foods for their healthiness. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:178. [PMID: 28923057 PMCID: PMC5604516 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the limitations for ranking foods and meals for healthiness on the basis of the glycaemic index (GI) is that the GI is subject to manipulation by addition of fat. Postprandial lipemia, defined as a rise in circulating triglyceride containing lipoproteins following consumption of a meal, has been recognised as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Many non-modifiable factors (pathological conditions, genetic background, age, sex and menopausal status) and life-style factors (physical activity, smoking, alcohol and medication use, dietary choices) may modulate postprandial lipemia. The structure and the composition of a food or a meal consumed also plays an important role in the rate of postprandial appearance and clearance of triglycerides in the blood. However, a major difficulty in grading foods, meals and diets according to their potential to elevate postprandial triglyceride levels has been the lack of a standardised marker that takes into consideration both the general characteristics of the food and the food’s fat composition and quantity. The release rate of lipids from the food matrix during digestion also has an important role in determining the postprandial lipemic effects of a food product. This article reviews the factors that have been shown to influence postprandial lipemia with a view to develop a novel index for ranking foods according to their healthiness. This index should take into consideration not only the glycaemic but also lipemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Botelho Dias
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity & Nutrition, University of Newcastle, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, Australia
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Manohar L Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. .,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. .,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity & Nutrition, University of Newcastle, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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25
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Whole blood glycerophospholipids in dried blood spots - a reliable marker for the fatty acid status. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:1-9. [PMID: 28669639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole blood total fatty acid analysis in capillary blood has recently been proposed for fatty acid status determination, but the accuracy of this method is affected by the fast turnover of triaclyglyceride (TAG) fatty acids, the individual hematocrit and postprandial state. METHOD An established method for the glycerophospholipid (GPL) analysis in plasma was adapted for the analysis of whole blood GPL and tested in a fat challenge test. Blood samples were collected from nine participants after receiving a standardised breakfast containing 42g of sunflower oil. Whole blood GPL fatty acids were compared against whole blood total lipid, plasma TAG and phospholipid fatty acids. RESULTS All fatty acid concentrations in dried blood samples showed a coefficient of variation <5.7%. The fat challenge test induced a significant increase of TAG fatty acid concentration (mean Δ=42.3%±35.7) and whole blood total fatty acid concentration (mean Δ=5.2%±3.7) whereas whole blood GPL fatty acids were hardly changed (mean Δ=1.3%±1.6). CONCLUSION Whole blood GPL fatty acids are a robust biological marker for the fatty acid status of fasted and non-fasted subjects. The influence of very recent dietary intake on whole blood GPL is smaller than on whole blood total lipids.
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26
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Riccardi G, Bozzetto L, Annuzzi G. Postprandial lipid metabolism. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD & NUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17482970601080539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
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27
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Jackson KG, Lockyer S, Carvalho-Wells AL, Williams CM, Minihane AM, Lovegrove JA. Apolipoprotein E (epsilon) genotype has a greater impact on apoB-48 than apoB-100 responses to dietary fat manipulation-insights from the SATgenε study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27935250 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To determine the contribution of intestinally and liver-derived lipoproteins to the postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) response in APOE3/E3 and E3/E4 individuals following chronic dietary fat manipulation. METHODS AND RESULTS In sequential order, participants (n = 12 E3/E3, n = 11 E3/E4) followed low fat; high-fat, high-saturated fat (HSF); and HSF with 3.45 g/day docosahexaenoic acid (HSF-DHA) diets, each for 8 weeks. After each dietary period, an acute test meal with a macronutrient profile representative of the dietary intervention was consumed. Apolipoprotein (apo)B isoforms were determined in isolated TAG-rich lipoprotein fractions (Svedberg flotation rate (Sf ) > 400, Sf 60-400, and Sf 20-60) by specific ELISA. A genotype × meal/diet interaction for the Sf > 400 fraction apoB-48 response (p < 0.05) was observed, with higher concentrations reached after the low fat than HSF-DHA meal in E4 carriers. This finding was associated with a lower TAG content of the Sf > 400 particles. Fasting Sf 60-400 and 20-60 apoB-48 concentrations were also significantly higher in E4 carriers. No impact of genotype on the apoB-100 responses was evident. CONCLUSION Our study revealed marked effects of dietary fat composition on the Sf > 400 apoB-48 response and particle TAG content in E4 carriers relative to the "wild-type" E3/E3 genotype, which suggest APOE genotype is a potential modulator of chylomicron particle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Stacey Lockyer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Andrew L Carvalho-Wells
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Christine M Williams
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Anne M Minihane
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Impact de la structure émulsionnée des lipides sur le devenir métabolique des acides gras alimentaires. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sun L, Tan KWJ, Lim JZ, Magkos F, Henry CJ. Dietary fat and carbohydrate quality have independent effects on postprandial glucose and lipid responses. Eur J Nutr 2016; 57:243-250. [PMID: 27770188 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The magnitude of postprandial lipemia is influenced not only by the amount but also the type of fat and carbohydrate consumed. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in postprandial glucose and lipid responses after a mixed meal containing low- or high-glycemic-index (GI) carbohydrate and three different types of fat varying in the degree of saturation in healthy subjects. METHODS A randomized, controlled, single-blinded crossover study was conducted in 20 healthy Chinese men. Subjects consumed in random order six experimental isocaloric meals that differed in carbohydrate and fat quality, and contained 40 g of either saturated fat (SFA, butter), monounsaturated fat (MUFA, olive oil) or polyunsaturated fat (PUFA, grapeseed oil), and 50 g of either low-GI (basmati rice) or high-GI (jasmine rice) carbohydrate. Glucose, insulin, c-peptide, triglycerides (TG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured over 4 h. RESULTS For all substrates evaluated, there were no significant interactions between fat and carbohydrate. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for TG was significantly lower after the SFA and PUFA meals compared with the MUFA meal, irrespective of GI. No significant difference was found for NEFA iAUC in all treatments. Glucose, insulin and c-peptide iAUCs were significantly lower after ingestion of low-GI than high-GI meals, independent of the type of fat. CONCLUSIONS A carbohydrate-rich meal (of either low or high GI) that contains butter or grapeseed oil results in lower postprandial TG concentrations relative to olive oil in healthy Chinese males. Glucose, insulin and c-peptide responses, however, are directly dependent on the GI of the meal and not on the degree of saturation of dietary fat. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02585427.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science and Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Kevin Wei Jie Tan
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science and Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Joseph Zhien Lim
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science and Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science and Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science and Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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Falahi E, Roosta S, Abedini M, Ebrahimzadeh F. Relationship between yoghurt consumption and components of metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study in the west of Iran. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Impact of the Content of Fatty Acids of Oral Fat Tolerance Tests on Postprandial Triglyceridemia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090580. [PMID: 27657122 PMCID: PMC5037564 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether the content of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could differently influence postprandial triglycerides (TG) is unknown. We examined possible differences in the postprandial TG response to fat tolerance tests (FTTs), in which SFA or unsaturated fatty acids were used. Crossover clinical trials investigating the effects of FTTs containing SFA and unsaturated fats on postprandial triglyceridemia in databases from 1994 until 2016 were searched. Of 356 studies, 338 were excluded and 18 were considered. TG net incremental areas under the curve were calculated using time-points or changes from baseline. Pooled effects of standardized mean differences and I² test were used. RESULTS In 12 studies, responses to SFA versus PUFA meals, and in 16 studies versus MUFA meals were compared. Over 4 hours, no differences between SFA and unsaturated fats were observed. Over 8 hours a lower response to PUFA (SMD -2.28; 95%CI -4.16, -0.41) and a trend to lower response to MUFA (SMD -0.89, 95%CI -1.82, 0.04) were detected. FTTs shorter than 8 hours may not be sufficient to differentiate postprandial TG after challenges with distinct fatty acids. Clinical significance of different postprandial TG responses on cardiovascular risk in the long-term deserves investigation.
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Mariotti F, Valette M, Lopez C, Fouillet H, Famelart MH, Mathé V, Airinei G, Benamouzig R, Gaudichon C, Tomé D, Tsikas D, Huneau JF. Casein Compared with Whey Proteins Affects the Organization of Dietary Fat during Digestion and Attenuates the Postprandial Triglyceride Response to a Mixed High-Fat Meal in Healthy, Overweight Men. J Nutr 2015; 145:2657-64. [PMID: 26491119 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.216812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postprandial lipemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The potential impacts of the type/nature of dietary protein on postprandial lipemia and associated dysregulations have been insufficiently investigated. OBJECTIVE We investigated the postprandial effect of including in a high-fat meal some milk protein fractions that markedly differ in their physicochemical properties and composition [either casein (CAS), whey protein (WHE), or α-lactalbumin-enriched whey protein (LAC)]. METHODS The protein fractions were incorporated as 15% energy in a high-fat meal in a 3-period, crossover postprandial study of 10 healthy overweight men with an elevated waist circumference (>94 cm). We measured postprandial changes in plasma lipids, amino acids, glucose, and oxidative stress markers, vascular function (using pulse contour analysis), and low-grade inflammation (using plasma markers). We also characterized in vitro the meal structures, including the size of the fat globule, and possible changes during digestion. RESULTS The type of protein did not affect postprandial plasma glucose, amino acids, insulin, or nonesterified fatty acids, but, compared with WHE and LAC, which did not differ, CAS markedly reduced postprandial triglycerides (TGs), achieving a 22 ± 10% reduction in the 6-h area under the curve (P < 0.05). Similar trends were shown for plasma chylomicrons [apolipoprotein (apo)B-48; P < 0.05]. However, there were no significant differences between the meals regarding postprandial oxidative stress (plasma hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde), endothelial dysfunction (salbutamol-induced changes in pulse contour analysis), or low-grade inflammation. In vitro studies showed that when the pH of the meal decreased to stomach pH values, the reduction in the solubility of casein resulted in a phase separation between fat and protein, whereas the proteins in the other meals remained suspended with fat globules. CONCLUSION In healthy overweight men, casein has specific physical interactions with fat that affect postprandial TGs, leading to the formation of fewer chylomicrons or an increase in chylomicron clearance. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00931151.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mariotti
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France;
| | - Marion Valette
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Lopez
- INRA, UMR1253 Science and Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science and Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; and
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Famelart
- INRA, UMR1253 Science and Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science and Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; and
| | - Véronique Mathé
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Gheorghe Airinei
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Robert Benamouzig
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Centre of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jean François Huneau
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
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Maraki MI, Sidossis LS. Physiology in Medicine: update on lifestyle determinants of postprandial triacylglycerolemia with emphasis on the Mediterranean lifestyle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E440-9. [PMID: 26152767 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00245.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review updates the effect of lifestyle on plasma triacylglycerols (TAG) in the postprandial state, commonly reported as postprandial lipemia (PPL), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Numerous studies have shown that Mediterranean diet may reduce PPL. However, most of these studies were focused on the type of fat (i.e., monounsaturated fat from olive oil), and the other components of the Mediterranean lifestyle were neglected. Physical activity, an integral part of this lifestyle, is widely investigated on its own and shown to reduce PPL. In addition, preliminary results of studies examining other Mediterranean "ingredients", such as legumes, fish, and herbs, showed additional benefits; however, data on the long-term effects are limited. More studies are needed to confirm short-term results and investigate the effects of the whole Mediterranean lifestyle on PPL and whether these effects mediate its protective role on CVD. Moreover, investigation of the effects in nonhealthy populations and the underlying mechanisms would be clinically helpful in individualizing the appropriate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Maraki
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Labros S Sidossis
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; and Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children, Departments of Internal Medicine and Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas
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Lecomte M, Bourlieu C, Meugnier E, Penhoat A, Cheillan D, Pineau G, Loizon E, Trauchessec M, Claude M, Ménard O, Géloën A, Laugerette F, Michalski MC. Milk Polar Lipids Affect In Vitro Digestive Lipolysis and Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Mice. J Nutr 2015; 145:1770-7. [PMID: 26136586 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.212068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polar lipid (PL) emulsifiers such as milk PLs (MPLs) may affect digestion and subsequent lipid metabolism, but focused studies on postprandial lipemia are lacking. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the impact of MPLs on postprandial lipemia in mice and on lipid digestion in vitro. METHODS Female Swiss mice were gavaged with 150 μL of an oil-in-water emulsion stabilized with 5.7 mg of either MPLs or soybean PLs (SPLs) and killed after 1, 2, or 4 h. Plasma lipids were quantified and in the small intestine, gene expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Emulsions were lipolyzed in vitro using a static human digestion model; triglyceride (TG) disappearance was followed by thin-layer chromatography. RESULTS In mice, after 1 h, plasma TGs tended to be higher in the MPL group than in the SPL group (141 μg/mL vs. 90 μg/mL; P = 0.07) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were significantly higher (64 μg/mL vs. 44 μg/mL; P < 0.05). The opposite was observed after 4 h with lower TGs (21 μg/mL vs. 35 μg/mL; P < 0.01) and NEFAs (20 μg/mL vs. 32 μg/mL; P < 0.01) in the MPL group compared with the SPL group. This was associated at 4 h with a lower gene expression of apolipoprotein B (Apob) and Secretion Associated, Ras related GTPase 1 gene homolog B (Sar1b), in the duodenum of MPL mice compared with SPL mice (P < 0.05). In vitro, during the intestinal phase, TGs were hydrolyzed more in the MPL emulsion than in the SPL emulsion (decremental AUCs were 1750%/min vs. 180%/min; P < 0.01). MPLs enhance lipid intestinal hydrolysis and promote more rapid intestinal lipid absorption and sharper kinetics of lipemia. CONCLUSIONS Postprandial lipemia in mice can be modulated by emulsifying with MPLs compared with SPLs, partly through differences in chylomicron assembly, and TG hydrolysis rate as observed in vitro. MPLs may thereby contribute to the long-term regulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Lecomte
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claire Bourlieu
- UMR 1253 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Oullins, France; and
| | - Armelle Penhoat
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Cheillan
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France; Hereditary Metabolic Diseases Department, East Medical Group, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Lyon, France
| | - Gaëlle Pineau
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Oullins, France; and
| | - Michèle Trauchessec
- Hereditary Metabolic Diseases Department, East Medical Group, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde Claude
- UMR 1253 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France
| | - Olivia Ménard
- UMR 1253 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France
| | - Alain Géloën
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Laugerette
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France;
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Abstract
Dietary lipids are efficiently absorbed by the small intestine, incorporated into triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons), and transported in the circulation to various tissues. Intestinal lipid absorption and mobilization and chylomicron synthesis and secretion are highly regulated processes. Elevated chylomicron production rate contributes to the dyslipidemia seen in common metabolic disorders such as insulin-resistant states and type 2 diabetes and likely increases the risk for atherosclerosis seen in these conditions. An in-depth understanding of the regulation of chylomicron production may provide leads for the development of drugs that could be of therapeutic utility in the prevention of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Chylomicron secretion is subject to regulation by various factors, including diet, body weight, genetic variants, hormones, nutraceuticals, medications, and emerging interventions such as bariatric surgical procedures. In this review we discuss the regulation of chylomicron production, mechanisms that underlie chylomicron dysregulation, and potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Dash
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology and the Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4 Canada;
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36
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Couëdelo L, Amara S, Lecomte M, Meugnier E, Monteil J, Fonseca L, Pineau G, Cansell M, Carrière F, Michalski MC, Vaysse C. Impact of various emulsifiers on ALA bioavailability and chylomicron synthesis through changes in gastrointestinal lipolysis. Food Funct 2015; 6:1726-35. [PMID: 25923344 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Formulating healthy food rich in omega 3 fatty acids requires prior knowledge of the parameters influencing their bioavailability and their metabolic fate. In this context, we studied the effects of various emulsifiers widely used in the food industry, on the gastrointestinal lipolysis of flaxseed oil emulsions in an in vitro model and on the intestinal absorption and lymphatic secretion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in rats. In vitro data showed that the emulsification of flaxseed oil with soya lecithin improved the gastric lipolysis of the oil (+30%), while the presence of Tween 80 or of sodium caseinate decreased it (-80% and -40%, respectively). The in vivo data demonstrated that the intestinal absorption and the lymphatic secretion of ALA were improved with soya lecithin (Cmax = 24 mg mL(-1)) and reduced in the presence of sodium caseinate (Cmax = 7 mg mL(-1)) compared to unemulsified flaxseed oil (Cmax = 16 mg mL(-1)); Tween 80 had no effect. In addition, the synthesized chylomicrons were notably larger and more numerous with soya lecithin whereas they were smaller in the presence of sodium caseinate (p < 0.05). This study shows that the intestinal bioavailability of ALA was increased by the emulsification of flaxseed oil with soya lecithin via an improved lipolysis, favouring the intestinal absorption of ALA and the secretion of many large chylomicrons in lymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Couëdelo
- ITERG-ENMS, Université de Bordeaux, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.
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Stroeve JHM, van Wietmarschen H, Kremer BHA, van Ommen B, Wopereis S. Phenotypic flexibility as a measure of health: the optimal nutritional stress response test. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:13. [PMID: 25896408 PMCID: PMC4404421 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition research is struggling to demonstrate beneficial health effects, since nutritional effects are often subtle and long term. Health has been redefined as the ability of our body to cope with daily-life challenges. Physiology acts as a well-orchestrated machinery to adapt to the continuously changing environment. We term this adaptive capacity “phenotypic flexibility.” The phenotypic flexibility concept implies that health can be measured by the ability to adapt to conditions of temporary stress, such as physical exercise, infections or mental stress, in a healthy manner. This may offer a more sensitive way to assess changes in health status of healthy subjects. Here, we performed a systematic review of 61 studies applying different nutritional stress tests to quantify health and nutritional health effects, with the objective to define an optimal nutritional stress test that has the potential to be adopted as the golden standard in nutrition research. To acknowledge the multi-target role of nutrition, a relevant subset of 50 processes that govern optimal health, with high relevance to diet, was used to define phenotypic flexibility. Subsequently, we assessed the response of biomarkers related to this subset of processes to the different challenge tests. Based on the obtained insights, we propose a nutritional stress test composed of a high-fat, high-caloric drink, containing 60 g palm olein, 75 g glucose and 20 g dairy protein in a total volume of 400 ml. The use of such a standardized nutritional challenge test in intervention studies is expected to demonstrate subtle improvements of phenotypic flexibility, thereby enabling substantiation of nutritional health effects.
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Dias CB, Phang M, Wood LG, Garg ML. Postprandial lipid responses do not differ following consumption of butter or vegetable oil when consumed with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipids 2015; 50:339-47. [PMID: 25753895 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dietary saturated fat (SFA) intake has been associated with elevated blood lipid levels and increased risk for the development of chronic diseases. However, some animal studies have demonstrated that dietary SFA may not raise blood lipid levels when the diet is sufficient in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA). Therefore, in a randomised cross-over design, we investigated the postprandial effects of feeding meals rich in either SFA (butter) or vegetable oil rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFA), in conjunction with n-3PUFA, on blood lipid profiles [total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TAG)] and n-3PUFA incorporation into plasma lipids over a 6-h period. The incremental area under the curve for plasma cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, TAG and n-3PUFA levels over 6 h was similar in the n-6PUFA compared to SFA group. The postprandial lipemic response to saturated fat is comparable to that of n-6PUFA when consumed with n-3PUFA; however, sex-differences in response to dietary fat type are worthy of further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia B Dias
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, 305C Medical Science Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Postprandial lipid and insulin responses among healthy, overweight men to mixed meals served with baked herring, pickled herring or baked, minced beef. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:945-58. [PMID: 25416681 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to compare postprandial lipid, insulin and vitamin D responses after consumption of three otherwise identical meals served either with baked herring, pickled herring or with baked, minced beef. METHODS Seventeen healthy, overweight men (mean age 58 years, BMI 26.4-29.5 kg/m(2)) consumed standardized lunches together with baked herring, pickled herring or baked, minced beef on three occasions in a crossover design. Blood samples were taken just before and up to 7 h after the meal. The postprandial response was measured as serum concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol and lipoproteins (LDL, HDL and VLDL), insulin, 25-OH vitamin D and plasma fatty acid composition. RESULTS There was no difference in postprandial lipid responses between the two herring meals, whereas a slower TG clearance was observed after the baked, minced beef meal. The 150 g servings of baked and pickled herring provided 3.3 and 2.8 g of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA), respectively, which was reflected in a substantial postprandial increase in plasma LC n-3 PUFA levels. The pickled herring contained 22% sugar and consequently gave a higher insulin response compared with the other two meals. CONCLUSIONS Both pickled and baked herring are good sources of LC n-3 PUFA in the diet, but the presence of sugar in pickled herring should be taken into consideration, especially if large amounts are consumed. The faster postprandial TG clearance after a meal with baked herring compared with baked beef supports previous studies on the beneficial effects of herring on cardiovascular health.
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40
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Postprandial phase time influences the uptake of TAG from postprandial TAG-rich lipoproteins by THP-1 macrophages. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1469-77. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711451400244x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial TAG-rich lipoproteins (TRL) can be taken up by macrophages, leading to the formation of foam cells, probably via receptor-mediated pathways. The present study was conducted to investigate whether the postprandial time point at which TRL are collected modulates this process. A meal containing refined olive oil was given to nine healthy young men and TRL were isolated from their serum at 2, 4 and 6 h postprandially. The lipid class and apoB compositions of TRL were determined by HPLC and SDS–PAGE, respectively. The accumulation of lipids in macrophages was determined after the incubation of THP-1 macrophages with TRL. The gene expression of candidate receptors was measured by real-time PCR. The highest concentrations of TAG, apoB48 and apoB100 in TRL were observed at 2 h after the consumption of the test meal. However, excessive intracellular TAG accumulation in THP-1 macrophages was observed in response to incubation with TRL isolated at 4 h, when their particle size (estimated as the TAG:apoB ratio) was intermediate. The abundance of mRNA transcripts in macrophages in response to incubation with TRL was down-regulated for LDL receptor (LDLR), slightly up-regulated for VLDL receptor and remained unaltered for LDLR-related protein, but no effect of the postprandial time point was observed. In contrast, the mRNA expression of scavenger receptors SRB1, SRA2 and CD36 was higher when cells were incubated with TRL isolated at 4 h after the consumption of the test meal. In conclusion, TRL led to excessive intracellular TAG accumulation in THP-1 macrophages, which was greater when cells were incubated with intermediate-sized postprandial TRL isolated at 4 h and was associated with a significant increase in the mRNA expression of scavenger receptors.
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41
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Failla ML, Chitchumronchokchai C, Ferruzzi MG, Goltz SR, Campbell WW. Unsaturated fatty acids promote bioaccessibility and basolateral secretion of carotenoids and α-tocopherol by Caco-2 cells. Food Funct 2014; 5:1101-12. [PMID: 24710065 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60599j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability of carotenoids and tocopherols from foods is determined by the efficiency of transfer from food/meal to mixed micelles during digestion, incorporation into chylomicrons for trans-epithelial transport to lymphatic/blood system, and distribution to target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Failla
- Department of Human Sciences
- Human Nutrition Program
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus, USA
| | | | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Department of Food Science
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette, USA
- Department of Nutrition Science
- Purdue University
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Wright A, Pinto C, Tulk H, McCluskey J, Goldstein A, Huschka B, Marangoni A, Seetharaman K. Monoacylglycerol gel offers improved lipid profiles in high and low moisture baked products but does not influence postprandial lipid and glucose responses. Food Funct 2014; 5:882-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60596e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structured emulsions, including monoacylglycerol (MAG) gels, are of interest as alternatives to shortenings rich in saturated andtransfatty acids (SFA and TFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Wright
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences
- University of Guelph
- Guelph, Canada
| | - Christine Pinto
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences
- University of Guelph
- Guelph, Canada
| | - Hilary Tulk
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences
- University of Guelph
- Guelph, Canada
| | - Julie McCluskey
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences
- University of Guelph
- Guelph, Canada
| | - Avi Goldstein
- Department of Food Science
- University of Guelph
- Guelph, Canada
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Bozzetto L, Annuzzi G, Costabile G, Costagliola L, Giorgini M, Alderisio A, Strazzullo A, Patti L, Cipriano P, Mangione A, Vitelli A, Vigorito C, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA. A CHO/fibre diet reduces and a MUFA diet increases postprandial lipaemia in type 2 diabetes: no supplementary effects of low-volume physical training. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:385-93. [PMID: 24132660 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-013-0522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a supervised physical training added to a healthy diet-rich in either carbohydrate and fibre (CHO/fibre) or monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)-on postprandial dyslipidaemia, an independent cardiovascular risk factor particularly relevant in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Participants were forty-five overweight/obese subjects with T2D, of both genders, in good blood glucose control with diet or diet+metformin, with normal fasting plasma lipids. According to a parallel groups 2 × 2 factorial design, participants were randomized to an 8-week isoenergetic intervention with a CHO/fibre or a MUFA diet, with or without a supervised low-volume aerobic training programme. The main outcome of the study was the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of lipid concentrations in the plasma chylomicron+VLDL lipoprotein fraction, isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation (NCT01025856). Body weight remained stable during the trial in all groups. Physical fitness slightly improved with training (VO2 peak, 16 ± 4 vs. 15 ± 3 ml/kg/min, M ± SD, p < 0.05). Postprandial triglyceride and cholesterol iAUCs in plasma and chylomicron+VLDL fraction decreased after the CHO/fibre diet, but increased after the MUFA diet with a significant effect for diet by two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). The addition of exercise training to either dietary intervention did not significantly influence postprandial lipid response. A diet rich in carbohydrates and fibre reduced postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins compared with a diet rich in MUFA in patients with T2D. A supervised low-volume physical training did not significantly influence these dietary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy,
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44
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Esser D, van Dijk SJ, Oosterink E, Müller M, Afman LA. A high-fat SFA, MUFA, or n3 PUFA challenge affects the vascular response and initiates an activated state of cellular adherence in lean and obese middle-aged men. J Nutr 2013; 143:843-51. [PMID: 23616512 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.174540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BMI and fatty acid type affect postprandial metabolic TG responses, but whether these factors also affect vascular, inflammatory, and leukocyte adherence responses remains unclear. We therefore compared those postprandial responses between lean and obese men after 3 high-fat challenges differing in fatty acid composition. In a crossover double-blind study, 18 lean (BMI: 18-25 kg/m(2)) and 18 obese (BMI >29 kg/m(2)) middle-aged men received 3 isocaloric high-fat milkshakes containing 95 g fat (88% of energy), either high in SFAs (54% of energy/total fat), MUFAs (83% of energy/total fat), or n3 (omega-3) PUFAs (40% of energy/total fat). Hemodynamics, augmentation index (AIX), leukocyte cell surface adhesion markers, and plasma cytokines involved in vascular adherence, coagulation, and inflammation were measured before and after consumption of the milkshakes. In both groups and after all shakes were consumed, AIX decreased; plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM) 1, sICAM3, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) 1, and interleukin-8 increased; monocyte CD11a, CD11b, and CD621 expression increased; neutrophil CD11a, CD11b, and CD621 expression increased; and lymphocyte CD62l expression increased (P < 0.05). Lymphocyte CD11a and CD11b expression decreased in lean participants after consumption of all shakes but did not change in obese participants (P < 0.05). Obese participants had a less pronounced decrease in heart rate after the consumption of all shakes (P < 0.05). MUFA consumption induced a more pronounced decrease in blood pressure and AIX compared with the other milkshakes in both lean and obese participants (P < 0.05). High-fat consumption initiates an activated state of cellular adherence and an atherogenic milieu. This response was independent of fatty acid type consumed or of being lean or obese, despite the clear differences in postprandial TG responses between the groups and different milkshakes. These findings suggest that in addition to increased TGs, other mechanisms are involved in the high-fat consumption-induced activated state of cellular adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederik Esser
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Michalski MC, Genot C, Gayet C, Lopez C, Fine F, Joffre F, Vendeuvre JL, Bouvier J, Chardigny JM, Raynal-Ljutovac K. Multiscale structures of lipids in foods as parameters affecting fatty acid bioavailability and lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:354-73. [PMID: 23624223 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
On a nutritional standpoint, lipids are now being studied beyond their energy content and fatty acid (FA) profiles. Dietary FA are building blocks of a huge diversity of more complex molecules such as triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL), themselves organised in supramolecular structures presenting different thermal behaviours. They are generally embedded in complex food matrixes. Recent reports have revealed that molecular and supramolecular structures of lipids and their liquid or solid state at the body temperature influence both the digestibility and metabolism of dietary FA. The aim of the present review is to highlight recent knowledge on the impact on FA digestion, absorption and metabolism of: (i) the intramolecular structure of TAG; (ii) the nature of the lipid molecules carrying FA; (iii) the supramolecular organization and physical state of lipids in native and formulated food products and (iv) the food matrix. Further work should be accomplished now to obtain a more reliable body of evidence and integrate these data in future dietary recommendations. Additionally, innovative lipid formulations in which the health beneficial effects of either native or recomposed structures of lipids will be taken into account can be foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Michalski
- INRA, USC1235, INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; CRNH Rhône-Alpes, CENS, F-69600 Oullins, France.
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46
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Bonham MP, Linderborg KM, Dordevic A, Larsen AE, Nguo K, Weir JM, Gran P, Luotonen MK, Meikle PJ, Cameron-Smith D, Kallio HPT, Sinclair AJ. Lipidomic profiling of chylomicron triacylglycerols in response to high fat meals. Lipids 2012; 48:39-50. [PMID: 23124915 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using lipidomic methodologies the impact that meal lipid composition and metabolic syndrome (MetS) exerts on the postprandial chylomicron triacylglycerol (TAG) response was examined. Males (9 control; 11 MetS) participated in a randomised crossover trial ingesting two high fat breakfast meals composed of either dairy-based foods or vegetable oil-based foods. The postprandial lipidomic molecular composition of the TAG in the chylomicron-rich (CM) fraction was analysed with tandem mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography to profile CM TAG species and targeted TAG regioisomers. Postprandial CM TAG concentrations were significantly lower after the dairy-based foods compared with the vegetable oil-based foods for both control and MetS subjects. The CM TAG response to the ingested meals involved both significant and differential depletion of TAG species containing shorter- and medium-chain fatty acids (FA) and enrichment of TAG molecular species containing C16 and C18 saturated, monounsaturated and diunsaturated FA. Furthermore, there were significant changes in the TAG species between the food TAG and CM TAG and between the 3- and 5-h postprandial samples for the CM TAG regioisomers. Unexpectedly, the postprandial CM TAG concentration and CM TAG lipidomic responses did not differ between the control and MetS subjects. Lipidomic analysing of CM TAG molecular species revealed dynamic changes in the molecular species of CM TAG during the postprandial phase suggesting either preferential CM TAG species formation and/or clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine P Bonham
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia.
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Jantzi PS, Marangoni AG, Idziak SHJ, Rush JWE. Markers of Cardiovascular Risk and Metabolism Assessed on Multiple Baseline Occasions and in Response to a Single Fatty Meal in Healthy Young Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13228-012-0024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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Conlon LE, King RD, Moran NE, Erdman JW. Coconut oil enhances tomato carotenoid tissue accumulation compared to safflower oil in the Mongolian gerbil ( Meriones unguiculatus ). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8386-8394. [PMID: 22866697 DOI: 10.1021/jf301902k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats facilitate greater absorption of carotenoids than saturated fats. However, the comparison of consuming a polyunsaturated fat source versus a saturated fat source on tomato carotenoid bioaccumulation has not been examined. The goal of this study was to determine the influence of coconut oil and safflower oil on tomato carotenoid tissue accumulation in Mongolian gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus ) fed a 20% fat diet. Coconut oil feeding increased carotenoid concentrations among many compartments including total carotenoids in the serum (p = 0.0003), adrenal glandular phytoene (p = 0.04), hepatic phytofluene (p = 0.0001), testicular all-trans-lycopene (p = 0.01), and cis-lycopene (p = 0.006) in the prostate-seminal vesicle complex compared to safflower oil. Safflower oil-fed gerbils had greater splenic lycopene concentrations (p = 0.006) compared to coconut oil-fed gerbils. Coconut oil feeding increased serum cholesterol (p = 0.0001) and decreased hepatic cholesterol (p = 0.0003) compared to safflower oil. In summary, coconut oil enhanced tissue uptake of tomato carotenoids to a greater degree than safflower oil. These results may have been due to the large proportion of medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil, which might have caused a shift in cholesterol flux to favor extrahepatic carotenoid tissue deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Conlon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Metherel AH, Buzikievich LM, Charkhzarin P, Patterson AC, Peel AC, Howorth AM, Kishi DM, Stark KD. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid profiling using fingertip-prick whole blood does not require overnight fasting before blood collection. Nutr Res 2012; 32:547-56. [PMID: 22935337 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid profiling through the rapid analysis of capillary blood collected by fingertip prick could enable economical screening for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status, although the typical requirement of fasting prior to sample collection may limit application. We hypothesize that moderate changes in omega-3 biomarkers determined from fingertip-prick blood will occur and correspond to omega-3 PUFA content of the meals. Eight participants consumed a single breakfast with high fat, high fat with omega-3 functional foods, and low fat and low fat with fish oil capsules in a cross-over design. The fatty acid composition of fingertip-prick blood total lipid and venous blood erythrocyte total lipid, plasma total lipid, plasma triacylglycerol, and plasma phospholipids were analyzed at baseline and 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after each single breakfast consumption. Omega-3 blood biomarkers; % of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) in total HUFA, weight % of eicosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid, weight % of eicosapentaenoic acid+omega-3 docosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid, and the ratio of total omega-6 PUFA to total omega-3 PUFA in fingertip-prick blood, did not change from baseline during the postprandial period (P > .05). However, meal type yielded lower (P < .05) % omega-3 HUFA in total HUFA in the low fat meal (22.8 ± 3.9) as compared with the low fat with omega-3 (24.2 ± 3.9) and, the high fat (23.8 ± 4) meals. The ratio of total omega-6 PUFA to total omega-3 PUFA was generally higher in meals without omega-3 compared with omega-3. In conclusion, determinations of omega-3 status by fingertip-prick blood sampling may not require prior overnight fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Metherel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Addition of different fats to a carbohydrate food: Impact on gastric emptying, glycaemic and satiety responses and comparison with in vitro digestion. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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