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Chi YJ, Bai ZY, Feng GL, Lai XH, Song YF. ER-mitochondria contact sites regulate hepatic lipogenesis via Ip3r-Grp75-Vdac complex recruiting Seipin. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:464. [PMID: 39350150 PMCID: PMC11440722 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCS) constitute a functional communication platform for ER and mitochondria, and they play a crucial role in the lipid homeostasis of the liver. However, it remains unclear about the exact effects of MERCs on the neutral lipid synthesis of the liver. METHODS In this study, the role and mechanism of MERCS in palmitic acid (PA)-induced neutral lipid imbalance in the liver was explored by constructing a lipid metabolism animal model based on yellow catfish. Given that the structural integrity of MERCS cannot be disrupted by the si-mitochondrial calcium uniporter (si-mcu), the MERCS-mediated Ca2+ signaling in isolated hepatocytes was intercepted by transfecting them with si-mcu in some in vitro experiments. RESULTS The key findings were: (1) Hepatocellular MERCs sub-proteome analysis confirmed that, via activating Ip3r-Grp75-voltage-dependent anion channel (Vdac) complexes, excessive dietary PA intake enhanced hepatic MERCs. (2) Dietary PA intake caused hepatic neutral lipid deposition by MERCs recruiting Seipin, which promoted lipid droplet biogenesis. (3) Our findings provide the first proof that MERCs recruited Seipin and controlled hepatic lipid homeostasis, depending on Ip3r-Grp75-Vdac-controlled Ca2+ signaling, apart from MERCs's structural integrity. Noteworthy, our results also confirmed these mechanisms are conservative from fish to mammals. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide a new insight into the regulatory role of MERCS-recruited SEIPIN in hepatic lipid synthesis via Ip3r-Grp75-Vdac complex-mediated Ca2+ signaling, highlighting the critical contribution of MERCS in hepatic lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jia Chi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guang-Li Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Wang K, Song T, Ke L, Sun Y, Ye J. Dietary High Levels of Coconut Oil Replacing Fish Oil Did Not Affect Growth, but Promoted Liver Lipid Deposition of Orange-Spotted Groupers ( Epinephelus coioides). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1534. [PMID: 38891580 PMCID: PMC11171206 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we conducted an 8-week feeding trial to investigate the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with coconut oil (CO) on the growth performance, blood components, tissue fatty acid (FA) profile, and mRNA levels of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver of the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Five isolipidic and isoproteic diets were formulated through increasing the CO levels (0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively). Triplicate groups of twenty-five fish (initial wet weight of about 22.4 g/fish) were fed one of the diets twice daily to apparent satiety. The 25% CO diet had the highest growth rate and feed utilization, and the 100% CO diet exhibited a comparable growth and feed utilization with that of the control diet, indicating a suitable FO substitute. Moreover, the hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat rate, liver lipid content, as well as the serum HDL-C content and ALT activity had positive linear and/or quadratic responses, but the serum TC and LDL-C contents exhibited the opposite trend, with an increasing CO inclusion level. The FA profile in the liver and muscle generally mirrored the FA profile in the feed. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of the fas, acc, g6pd, srebp-1c, and δ6fad genes in the liver had positive linear and/or quadratic responses, but the mRNA levels of elovl 4 and elovl 5 had the opposite trend, with increasing dietary CO inclusion levels. When compared with the control diet, 25% and 50% CO diets up-regulated the mRNA levels of cpt 1, while the 75% and 100% CO diets down-regulated its mRNA levels. The hsl and atgl were down-regulated through the addition of dietary CO. The mRNA level of lpl was not affected by dietary treatments. Results showed that CO could completely replace FO without affecting growth performance, but high CO will lead to the significant liver lipid deposition and lower LC-PUFAs contents of fish flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jidan Ye
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (K.W.); (T.S.); (L.K.); (Y.S.)
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Song YF, Bai ZY, Lai XH, Luo Z, Hogstrand C. Ip3r-Grp75-Vdac and Relevant Ca 2+ Signaling Regulate Dietary Palmitic Acid-Induced De Novo Lipogenesis by Mitochondria-Associated ER Membrane (MAM) Recruiting Seipin in Yellow Catfish. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00224-4. [PMID: 38641205 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) is the central hub for endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria functional communication. It plays a crucial role in hepatic lipid homeostasis. However, even though MAM has been acknowledged to be rich in enzymes that contribute to lipid biosynthesis, no study has yet investigated the exact role of MAM on hepatic neutral lipid synthesis. OBJECTIVES To address these gaps, this study investigated the systemic control mechanisms of MAM on neutral lipids synthesis by recruiting seipin, focusing on the role of the inositol trisphosphate receptor-1,4,5(Ip3r)-75 kDa glucose-regulated protein (Grp75)-voltage-dependent anion channel (Vdac) complex and their relevant Ca2+ signaling in this process. METHODS To this end, a model animal for lipid metabolism, yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), were fed 6 different diets containing a range of palmitic acid (PA) concentrations from 0-150 g/kg in vivo for 10 wk. In vitro, experiments were also conducted to intercept the MAM-mediated Ca2+ signaling in isolated hepatocytes by transfecting them with si-mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mcu). Because mcu was placed in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), si-mcu cannot disrupt MAM's structural integrity. RESULTS 1. Hepatocellular MAM subproteome analysis indicated excessive dietary PA intake enhanced hepatic MAM structure joined by activating Ip3r-Grp75-Vdac complexes. 2. Dietary PA intake induced hepatic neutral lipid accumulation through MAM recruiting Seipin, which activated lipid droplet biogenesis. Our findings also revealed a previously unidentified mechanism whereby MAM-recruited seipin and controlled hepatic lipid homeostasis, depending on Ip3r-Grp75-Vdac-controlled Ca2+ signaling and not only MAM's structural integrity. CONCLUSIONS These results offer a novel insight into the MAM-recruited seipin in controlling hepatic lipid synthesis in a MAM structural integrity-dependent and Ca2+ signaling-dependent manner, highlighting the critical contribution of MAM in maintaining hepatic neutral lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, United Kingdom
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Machado M, Cruz F, Cunha A, Ramos-Pinto L, Laranjeira A, Pacheco M, Rocha RJM, Costas B. Dietary Salicornia ramosissima improves the European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) inflammatory response against Photobacterium damselae piscicida. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342144. [PMID: 38500885 PMCID: PMC10944916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Modern fish farming faces challenges in sourcing feed ingredients, most related with their prices, 21 availability, and specifically for plant protein sources, competition for the limited cultivation space for 22 vegetable crops. In that sense, halophytes have the added value of being rich in valuable bioactive compounds and salt tolerant. This study assessed the inclusion of non-food fractions of S. ramosissima in European seabass diets. Methods Different levels (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) were incorporated into seabass diets, replacing wheat meal (diets ST2.5, ST5, and ST10) or without inclusion (CTRL). Experimental diets were administered to seabass juveniles (8.62 ± 0.63 g) for 34 and 62 days and subsequent inflammatory responses to a heat-inactivated Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) were evaluated in a time-course manner (4, 24, 48, and 72 h after the challenge). At each sampling point, seabass haematological profile, plasma immune parameters, and head-kidney immune-related gene expression were evaluated. Results After both feeding periods, most parameters remained unaltered by S. ramosissima inclusion; nonetheless, seabass fed ST10 showed an upregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor 1 (mcsf1r1) and cluster of differentiation 8 (cd8β) compared with those fed CTRL after 62 days of feeding. Regarding the inflammatory response, seabass fed ST10 showed lower plasma lysozyme levels than their counterparts fed ST2.5 and ST5 at 24 h following injection, while 4 h after the inflammatory stimulus, seabass fed ST10 presented higher numbers of peritoneal leucocytes than fish fed CTRL. Moreover, at 4 h, fish fed ST2.5, ST5, and ST10 showed a higher expression of interleukin 1β (il1β), while fish fed ST5 showed higher levels of ornithine decarboxylase (odc) than those fed CTRL. An upregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor 1 (mcsf1r1) and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) was also observed at 72 h in fish fed ST10 or ST5 and ST10 compared with CTRL, respectively. Discussion In conclusion, incorporating up to 10% of the non-food fraction S. ramosissima in feed did not compromise seabass growth or immune status after 62 days, aligning with circular economy principles. However, S. ramosissima inclusion improved the leucocyte response and upregulated key immune-related genes in seabass challenged with an inactivated pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Machado
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Francisco Cruz
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar de Peniche, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - André Cunha
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lourenço Ramos-Pinto
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | | | - Mário Pacheco
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Benjamín Costas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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5
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Azad AM, Bernhard A, Shen A, Myrmel LS, Lundebye AK, Lecaudey LA, Fjære E, Tri Ho Q, Sveier H, Kristiansen K, Limborg MT, Madsen L. Metabolic effects of diet containing blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and blue mussel-fed salmon in a mouse model of obesity. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112927. [PMID: 37254353 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Alternative feed ingredients for farmed salmon are warranted due to increasing pressure on wild fish stocks. As locally farmed blue mussels may represent an environmentally sustainable substitute with a lower carbon footprint, we aimed to test the potential and safety of substituting fish meal with blue mussel meal in feed for Atlantic salmon. Salmon were fed diets in which fish meal was partially replaced with blue mussel meal in increments, accounting for up to 13.1 % of the ingredients. Fillets from the salmon were subsequently used to prepare obesity-promoting western diets for a 13-weeks mouse feeding trial. In a second mouse trial, we tested the effects of inclusion of up to 8% blue mussel meal directly in a meat-based western diet. Partial replacement of fish meal with blue mussel meal in fish feed preserved the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in salmon fillets. The observed blue mussel-induced changes in the fatty acid profiles in salmon fillets did not translate into similar changes in the livers of mice that consumed the salmon, and no clear dose-dependent responses were found. The relative levels of the marine n-3 fatty acids, EPA, and DHA were not reduced, and the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios in livers from all salmon-fed mice were unchanged. The inclusion of blue mussel meal in a meat-based western diet led to a small, but dose-dependent increase in the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios in mice livers. Diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis were unaffected in both mice trials and no blue mussel-induced adverse effects were observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that replacing fish meal with blue mussel meal in salmon feed will not cause adverse effects in those who consume the salmon fillets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Shen
- Institute of Marine Research, Norway
| | | | | | - Laurène Alicia Lecaudey
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; SINTEF Ocean, Aquaculture Department, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Tønsberg Limborg
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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6
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Østbye TKK, Gudbrandsen OA, Drotningsvik A, Ruyter B, Berge GM, Vogt G, Nilsson A. Different Dietary Ratios of Camelina Oil to Sandeel Oil Influence the Capacity to Synthesise and Deposit EPA and DHA in Zucker Fa/Fa Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102344. [PMID: 37242227 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based food provides more ALA (α-linolenic acid) and less EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexanoic acid) than marine food. Earlier studies indicate that cetoleic acid (22:1n-11) stimulates the n-3 pathway from ALA to EPA and DHA. The present study aimed to investigate the dietary effects of camelina oil (CA) high in ALA and sandeel oil (SA) high in cetoleic acid on the conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA. Male Zucker fa/fa rats were fed a diet of soybean oil (Ctrl) or diets of CA, SA, or a combination of CA and SA. Significantly higher levels of DPA (docosapentaenoic acid) and DHA in blood cells from the CA group compared to the Ctrl indicate an active conversion of ALA to DPA and DHA. Increasing the uptake and deposition of EPA and DHA meant that a trend towards a decrease in the liver gene expression of Elovl5, Fads1, and Fads2 along with an increase in the dietary content of SA was observed. However, 25% of the SA could be exchanged with CA without having a significant effect on EPA, DPA, or DHA in blood cells, indicating that bioactive components in SA, such as cetoleic acid, might counteract the inhibiting effect of the high dietary content of DHA on the n-3 biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen
- Dietary Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Aslaug Drotningsvik
- Dietary Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- Vedde AS, 6030 Langevåg, Norway
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Gerd Marit Berge
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Gjermund Vogt
- Eurofins Food & Agro Testing Norway AS, 1538 Moss, Norway
| | - Astrid Nilsson
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1433 Ås, Norway
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7
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Sun J, Mai K, Ai Q. Effects of GRP78 on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammatory Response in Macrophages of Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065855. [PMID: 36982929 PMCID: PMC10054070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis plays a vital role in cell physiological functions. Various factors can destroy the homeostasis of the ER and cause ER stress. Moreover, ER stress is often related to inflammation. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is an ER chaperone, which plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, the potential effects of GRP78 on ER stress and inflammation is still not fully elucidated in fish. In the present study, ER stress and inflammation was induced by tunicamycin (TM) or palmitic acid (PA) in the macrophages of large yellow croakers. GRP78 was treated with an agonist/inhibitor before or after the TM/PA treatment. The results showed that the TM/PA treatment could significantly induce ER stress and an inflammatory response in the macrophages of large yellow croakers whereas the incubation of the GRP78 agonist could reduce TM/PA-induced ER stress and an inflammatory response. Moreover, the incubation of the GRP78 inhibitor could further induce TM/PA-induced ER stress and an inflammatory response. These results provide an innovative idea to explain the relationship between GRP78 and TM/PA-induced ER stress or inflammation in large yellow croakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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Ytrestøyl T, Bou M, Dimitriou C, Berge GM, Østbye TK, Ruyter B. Dietary Level of the Omega-3 Fatty Acids EPA and DHA Influence the Flesh Pigmentation in Atlantic Salmon. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:5528942. [PMID: 36909926 PMCID: PMC9998164 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5528942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon with a start weight of 53 g were fed diets with different levels of EPA and DHA or a diet with 1 : 1 EPA+DHA (0%, 1.0%, and 2.0% of the diet). At 400 g, all fish groups were mixed and equally distributed in new tanks and fed three diets with 0.2%, 1.0%, or 1.7% of EPA+DHA. At 1200 g, the fish were transferred to seawater pens where they were fed the same three diets until they reached a slaughter size of 3.5 kg. The fillet concentration of astaxanthin and its metabolite idoxanthin was analysed before transfer to seawater pens at 1200 g and at slaughter. The fatty acid composition in the fillet was also analysed at the same time points. Salmon fed low levels of EPA and DHA had lower fillet astaxanthin concentration and higher metabolic conversion of astaxanthin to idoxanthin compared to salmon fed higher dietary levels of EPA and/or DHA. DHA had a more positive effect on fillet astaxanthin concentrations than EPA. There were positive correlations between fillet DHA, EPA, sum N-3 fatty acids, and fillet astaxanthin concentration. A negative correlation was found between the concentration of N-6 fatty acids in the fillet and the astaxanthin concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Ytrestøyl
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 6600 Sunndalsøra, Norway
| | - M. Bou
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - C. Dimitriou
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - G. M. Berge
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 6600 Sunndalsøra, Norway
| | - T.-K. Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - B. Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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9
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García-Márquez J, Rico RM, Acién FG, Mancera JM, Figueroa FL, Vizcaíno AJ, Alarcón FJ, Moriñigo MÁ, Abdala-Díaz RT. Dietary Effects of a Short-Term Administration of Microalgae Blend on Growth Performance, Tissue Fatty Acids, and Predominant Intestinal Microbiota in Sparus aurata. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020463. [PMID: 36838428 PMCID: PMC9959988 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the potential of microalgae as new aquafeed ingredients, this study focuses on using a blend of microalgae, Tisochrysis lutea, Nannochloropsis gaditana, and Scenedesmus almeriensis, as a dietary ingredient for feeding Sparus aurata juveniles. The growth performance, carcass composition, tissue fatty acid profile, and intestinal microbiota were evaluated after a 30 day-feeding period. A microalgae-free diet was used as control, and three experimental diets were formulated containing 5%, 15%, and 25% of the microalgae blend (MB-5%, MB-15%, and MB-25%, respectively). After 7, 15, and 30 days of feeding experimental diets, biological samples were taken. Growth performance and nutrient utilization were not significantly modified at the end of the experiment. Microalgae inclusion tended to decrease body lipids and affected the fatty acid profile, especially MB-25 diet increased DHA levels. Diet MB-25 promoted appropriate microbial diversity, favoring the presence of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, and significantly influencing the fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in fish. In conclusion, using a short pulse of dietary administration of 25% microalgal blend in S. aurata modulates the intestinal microbiota and lipid composition while maintaining growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Márquez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa María Rico
- Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Gabriel Acién
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Almería, Ceimar-Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Ceimar-Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Félix L. Figueroa
- Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Vizcaíno
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, Ceimar-Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, Ceimar-Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberto Teófilo Abdala-Díaz
- Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Martins N, Magalhães R, Castro C, Oliva-Teles A, Peres H. Fatty acid-sensing mechanisms in the hypothalamus of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): The potential role of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 280:111397. [PMID: 36758850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the hypothalamus fatty acid (FA)-sensing mechanisms response to different FA in European sea bass. For that purpose, fish (body weight of 90 g) were intraperitoneally (IP) injected (time 0 h) with five long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, namely, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:5n3); eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:4n3); α-linolenic (ALA; C18:3n3); linoleic acid (LA; C18:2n6) and oleic acid (OA; C18:1n9) at a dose of 300 μg kg-1, or with 0.9% saline solution (control). Feed intake (FI) was recorded at 3, 6, and 24 h after the IP injection. One week later, fish were IP injected with the same FA, and the hypothalamus was collected 3 h after the IP injection for measurement of molecules related to FI regulation and FA-sensing mechanisms. Cumulative FI (g/kg/day) was not affected by treatments. However, compared to the control, FI increased with the OA treatment at 6 h after the IP injection. FI decreased with mealtime in the DHA and LA groups. Gene expression of orexigenic (npy/agrp) and anorexigenic (cart2/pomc1) neurons was not affected by the FA treatments. Attending the enzymes involved in the FA-sensing mechanisms activation, compared to the control carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) activity were not affected by FA treatments. Contrarily the key enzymes of lipid metabolisms, malic enzyme and hydroxyacylCoA dehydrogenase was higher in fish that received the EPA and OA treatment, than fish treated to the control. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that gene expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic neurons was not affected at 3 h after IP injection with different FA. However, the activity of key enzymes of lipid metabolism was differently affected by circulating FA, indicating that FA-sensing mechanisms respond to different FA. Further studies are required involving different sampling times to further characterize the response of FA-sensing mechanisms to FA. These findings may be of relevance to the aquaculture industry in an era where alternative lipid sources are being increasingly used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Martins
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 289, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Rui Magalhães
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 289, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carolina Castro
- FLATLANTIC - Atividades Piscícolas, S.A. - Rua do Aceiros/n., 3070-732 Praia de Mira, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 289, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Helena Peres
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 289, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Yu H, Li L, Yu L, Xu C, Zhang J, Qiu X, Zhang Y, Shan L. Effect of Dietary Linoleic Acid (18:2n-6) Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Fatty Acid Profile, and Lipid Metabolism Enzyme Activities of Coho Salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch) Alevins. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192631. [PMID: 36230371 PMCID: PMC9559461 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12-week feeding trial aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) on the growth performance, fatty acid profile, and lipid metabolism enzyme activities of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) alevins. Six experimental diets (47% crude protein and 15% crude lipid) were formulated to contain graded LA levels of 0.11%, 0.74%, 1.37%, 2.00%, 2.63%, and 3.26%. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 50 alevins with an initial body weight of 0.364 ± 0.002 g, which were randomly assigned to 18 white plastic tanks (0.8 × 0.6 × 0.6 m, 240 L/tank). Fish were reared in a freshwater flow-through rearing system and fed to apparent satiation four times daily. The survival rate was not significantly different among the treatments (p > 0.05). However, the 1.37% LA group significantly improved the final body weight and specific growth rate (SGR) (p < 0.05) of alevins. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1.37% LA group was significantly lower than those in other groups (p < 0.05). The whole-body lipid content significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with dietary LA levels increasing from 0.74% to 2.00%. The fatty acid composition of the total lipid in muscle was closely correlated with those in the diets. The dietary LA level of 1.37% led to significantly higher activities of liver lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) than those of other groups (p < 0.05). Hepatic malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) decreased with the increase in the dietary LA levels from 0.11% to 1.37%. The lowest MDH and FAS activities were obtained in the 1.37% LA group (p < 0.05). This study indicated that an appropriate amount of dietary LA was beneficial for the growth and lipid metabolism of coho salmon alevins, and the results of the quadratic regression analysis of the SGR and FCR indicated that the optimal dietary LA requirements were 1.25% and 1.23% for coho salmon alevins, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lingyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Coho Salmon Health Culture Engineering Technology, Shandong Conqueren Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang 261108, China
| | - Leyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (L.Y.)
| | - Congmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Xiangyi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Lingling Shan
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Coho Salmon Health Culture Engineering Technology, Shandong Conqueren Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang 261108, China
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Chang WH, Ling YS, Wang KC, Nan FH, Chen WL. Discrimination of Atlantic salmon origins using untargeted chemical fingerprinting. Food Chem 2022; 394:133538. [PMID: 35759841 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mislabelling the geographic origin of same-species aquaculture products is difficult to identify. This study applied untargeted small-molecule fingerprinting to discriminating between Atlantic salmon originating from Chile and Norway. The acquired liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry data from Chilean (n = 32) and Norwegian (n = 29) salmon were chemometrically processed. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models successfully discriminated between Chilean and Norwegian salmon at both positive and negative ionisation modes (R2 > 0.96, Q2 > 0.81). Univariate analyses facilitated the selection of approximately 100 candidate markers with high statistical confidence (> 95%). Of these, 37 confirmed markers of Chilean and Norwegian salmon were primarily associated with feed formulations, including lipid derivatives and feed additives. None of the markers were residues or contaminants of potential food safety concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yee Soon Ling
- CAIQ Certification Sdn Bhd, Suite D-4-1, Block D, 4th Fl., Plaza Tanjung Aru, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ko-Chih Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Beining Rd., Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ling Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Safiin NSZ, Ching FF, Shapawi R. Successful Co-Feeding of Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer Larvae With Palm Oil-Based Microdiets and Live Feeds. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.836275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Palm oil has been recognized as a high potential alternative dietary lipid source to reduce the reliance on expensive fish oil in aquaculture feeds. Unfortunately, most research studies were focusing on the juvenile or grow-out stage of aquatic species. This study was designed to develop weaning microdiets for Asian seabass larvae with dietary fish oil being replaced with crude palm oil (CPO) at 25, 50, and 75% (CPO25, CPO50, and CPO75) and refined bleached deodorized palm olein, refined palm oil (RPO) at 50 and 75% (RPO50 and RPO75) replacement levels. A fish-oil-based microdiet was used as a control treatment (FO100). The triplicate groups of fish larvae with initial weight and length of 1.71 ± 0.13 mg and 5.54 ± 0.34 mm, respectively, were stocked at 150 larvae/tank and co-fed with the experimental microdiets and live feeds (L-type rotifer and artemia). The final body weight (0.54–0.63 g) and specific growth rate (SGR) (12.8–13.13%/d) of fish-fed palm oil-based diets were significantly better than the control diet (0.42 g; 12.21%/day, respectively). In particular, RPO75 yielded the best SGR followed by RPO50, CPO75, CPO50, and CPO25. The feeding intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not statistically different from other treatments (0.2–0.3 g/fish/d and 1.06–1.63, respectively). The survival rate of larvae-fed palm oil-based diets (33.11–46.67%) during the feeding trial was comparable to the control diet (39.33%). In the 65 ppt-salinity stress test at 25 DPH, there was no significant difference in terms of the survival rate of larvae fed the control diet and the CPO-based diets, but the lowest survival rate was observed in the RPO-based diets than the control diet. Higher final whole-body protein and lipid contents (15.3 ± 0.4 and 3.7 ± 0.0%, respectively) were observed in fish-fed CPO50 compared to other treatments. Generally, the replacement of fish oil with palm oil increased the palmitic acid (C:16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1n9) and significantly reduced the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6n3) contents in both the microdiets and larval body, a common observation in this kind of investigation. Considering the good growth and survival of Asian seabass larvae in this study, availability of palm oil, and its competitive price compared to fish oil, it is suggested that weaning diets for Asian seabass larvae can be developed using palm oil as a partial source of dietary lipid.
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Docosahexaenoic Acid Alleviates Palmitic Acid-Induced Inflammation of Macrophages via TLR22-MAPK-PPARγ/Nrf2 Pathway in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040682. [PMID: 35453367 PMCID: PMC9032456 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid (SFA) that can cause an inflammatory response, while docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is always used as a nutritional modulator due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential molecular mechanism is still not completely elucidated in fish. Herein, the PA treatment induced an inflammatory response in macrophages of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-related genes, especially tlr22, and the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were significantly upregulated by PA. Further investigation found that the PA-induced inflammatory response was suppressed by tlr22 knockdown and MAPK inhibitors. Moreover, the results of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist and inhibitor treatment proved that PPARγ was involved in the PA-induced inflammation. PA treatment decreased the protein expression of PPARγ, while tlr22 knockdown and MAPK inhibitors recovered the decreased expression. Besides, the PA-induced activation of Nrf2 was regulated by p38 MAPK. Furthermore, DHA-executed anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the phosphorylation of the MAPK pathway and expressions of PPARγ and Nrf2. Overall, the present study revealed that DHA alleviated PA-induced inflammation in macrophages via the TLR22-MAPK-PPARγ/Nrf2 pathway. These results could advance the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the SFA-induced inflammatory response and provide nutritional mitigative strategies.
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15
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Qin Y, He L, Wang Y, Li D, Chen W, Ye J. Growth performance, fatty acid composition, and lipid metabolism are altered in groupers ( Epinephelus coioides) by dietary fish oil replacement with palm oil. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:102-113. [PMID: 34977380 PMCID: PMC8669253 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a 56-d feeding trial to investigate the effects of replacing the fish oil (FO) with palm oil (PO) on the performance, tissue fatty acid (FA) composition, and mRNA levels of genes related to hepatic lipid metabolism in grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Five isolipidic (13% crude lipid) and isonitrogenous (48% CP) diets were formulated by incrementally adding PO to the control diet (25% fish meal and 9% added FO) to replace FO in the control diets. Triplicate groups of 30 groupers (initial weight: 12.6 ± 0.1 g) were fed one of the diets twice daily, to apparent satiety. The replacement of FO with 50% PO revealed maximum growth without affecting the performance and whole-body proximate compositions, and replacing FO with 100% PO revealed a comparable (P > 0.05) growth with that of the control diet, suggesting PO as a suitable alternative to FO. The analysis of FA profiles in the dorsal muscle and liver though reflected the FA profile of the diet, PO substitutions above 50% could compromise (P < 0.05) the FA profile in the liver and flesh of the fish species in comparison with the control diet. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of FAS, G6PD, LPL, PPARΑ, and Δ6FAD genes in the liver had positive linear and/or quadratic responses, but the SCD, HSL, ATGL, FABP, SREBP-1C and ELOVL5 had the opposite trend, with increasing dietary PO inclusion levels, whereas the mRNA level of ACC was not affected by dietary treatments. The optimal level of PO substitution for FO was estimated to be 47.1% of the feed, based on the regression analysis of percent weight gains against dietary PO inclusion levels; however, it might affect the FA profile in the liver and flesh of the fish species, and further study is required to investigate whether the changes in tissue FA composition will affect the welfare and market value over a production cycle of grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanfei Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Dong Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jidan Ye
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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16
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Ding Q, Hao Q, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Olsen RE, Ringø E, Ran C, Zhang Z, Zhou Z. DHA Suppresses Hepatic Lipid Accumulation via Cyclin D1 in Zebrafish. Front Nutr 2022; 8:797510. [PMID: 35145984 PMCID: PMC8823328 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.797510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the widespread use of high-fat diets (HFDs) in aquaculture, fatty livers are frequently observed in many fish species. The aim of this study was to investigate if docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could be used to reduce the fatty liver in zebrafish generated by a 16% soybean oil-HFD over 2 weeks of feeding. The DHA was added to iso-lipidic HFD at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% of diet. Supplementation of DHA reduced growth and feed efficiency in a dose dependent manner being lowest in the HFDHA2.0 group. Hepatic triglyceride (TG) in zebrafish fed 0.5% DHA-supplemented HFD (HFDHA0.5) was significantly lower than in the HFD control. Transcriptional analyses of hepatic genes showed that lipid synthesis was reduced, while fatty acid β-oxidation was increased in the HFDHA0.5 group. Furthermore, the expression of Cyclin D1 in liver of zebrafish fed HFDHA0.5 was significantly reduced compared to that in fish fed HFD. In zebrafish liver cells, Cyclin D1 knockdown and blocking of Cyclin D1-CDK4 signal led to inhibited lipid biosynthesis and elevated lipid β-oxidation. Besides, DHA-supplemented diet resulted in a rich of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota in gut microbiota, which promoted lipid β-oxidation but did not alter the expression of Cyclin D1 in germ-free zebrafish model. In conclusion, DHA not only inhibits hepatic lipid synthesis and promotes lipid β-oxidation via Cyclin D1 inhibition, but also facilitates lipid β-oxidation via gut microbiota. This study reveals the lipid-lowering effects of DHA and highlights the importance of fatty acid composition when formulating fish HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Ding
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Qiang Hao
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingshuang Zhang
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rolf Erik Olsen
- Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Zhang
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Zhigang Zhou
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Hou Z, Fuiman LA. Incorporation of dietary lipids and fatty acids into red drum Sciaenops ocellatus eggs. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 258:110694. [PMID: 34758384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic and early larval development and metabolism are fueled entirely by maternally derived nutritional resources (yolk and oil) before the onset of exogenous feeding. Composition of these maternally derived nutrients depends partly on maternal diet. Diet-egg relationships for fatty acids are well described for some species, but little is known about lipid transfer to eggs. To examine the effects of maternal diet on the egg composition, we fed adult red drum Sciaenops ocellatus six different diets, and measured lipid class and fatty acid composition of eggs they produced. Egg lipid class profiles remained relatively stable with only subtle differences in the concentrations of several lipid classes. Neutral lipid classes (wax ester/steryl ester (WE/SE), triglyceride (TG), sterol) varied more than polar lipid classes, with egg TG content being directly related to TG content of maternal diets. Dietary variations rapidly affected fatty acid composition of all major lipid classes in eggs (TG, WE/SE, phosphatidylcholine), with greater effects on neutral lipids than on the polar lipid. Results suggest a degree of maternal control over the provisioning of lipids as structural components (phospholipids) and energy substrates (neutral lipids), which may ensure proper development of larvae. But, egg fatty acid composition within lipid classes is more variable, and this may have consequences for larval survival and performance. This study also suggests that the pathways of maternal-offspring nutrient transfer are likely different for neutral and polar lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Hou
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States of America.
| | - Lee A Fuiman
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States of America
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18
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Østbye TK, Woldemariam NT, Lundberg CE, Berge GM, Ruyter B, Andreassen R. Modulation of hepatic miRNA expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by family background and dietary fatty acid composition. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1172-1185. [PMID: 33332611 PMCID: PMC8048513 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study finds significant differences in hepatic fatty acid composition between four groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) consisting of offspring from families selected for high and low capacities to express the delta 6 desaturase isomer b and fed diets with 10% or 75% fish oil. The results demonstrated that hepatic lipid metabolism was affected by experimental conditions (diet/family). The fatty acid composition in the four groups mirrored the differences in dietary composition, but it was also associated with the family groups. Small RNA sequencing followed by RT-qPCR identified 12 differentially expressed microRNAs (DE miRNAs), with expression associated with family groups (miR-146 family members, miR-200b, miR-214, miR-221, miR-125, miR-135, miR-137, miR_nov_1), diets (miR-203, miR-462) or both conditions. All the conserved DE miRNAs have been reported as associated with lipid metabolism in other vertebrates. In silico predictions revealed 37 lipid metabolism pathway genes, including desaturases, transcription factors and key enzymes in the synthesis pathways as putative targets (e.g., srebp-1 and 2, Δ6fad_b and c, hmdh, elovl4 and 5b, cdc42). RT-qPCR analysis of selected target genes showed expression changes that were associated with diet and with family groups (d5fad, d6fad_a, srebp-1). There was a reciprocal difference in the abundance of ssa-miR-203a-3p and srebp-1 in one group comparison, whereas other predicted targets did not reveal any evidence of being negatively regulated by degradation. More experimental studies are needed to validate and fully understand the predicted interactions and how the DE miRNAs may participate in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tone‐Kari K. Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research)ÅsNorway
| | - Nardos T. Woldemariam
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health SciencesOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Camilla E. Lundberg
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health SciencesOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Gerd M. Berge
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research)ÅsNorway
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research)ÅsNorway
| | - Rune Andreassen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health SciencesOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
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Influence of Parental Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 ( fads2) Expression and Diet on Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata) Offspring fads2 Expression during Ontogenesis. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112191. [PMID: 33238560 PMCID: PMC7700513 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study was on the gene expression of a rate-limiting enzyme in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), fatty acyl desaturase 2 (fads2), throughout the embryonic development of a gilthead sea bream. The results showed a maternal transfer of fads2 mRNA to the developing oocyte. The embryonic fads2 expression might start after the neurula stage. No effect was found in fads2 expression in developing eggs from broodstock fed with a diet rich in rapeseed oil or fish oil. The present study provides information on the change of LC-PUFA biosynthesis during embryogenesis. Abstract Previous studies have shown that it is possible to increase the ability of marine fish to produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid from their 18C precursors by nutritional programming or using broodstock with a higher fatty acyl desaturase 2 (fads2) expression. However, those studies failed to show the effect of these interventions on the expression of the fads2 gene in the developing egg. Moreover, there were no studies on the temporal expression of the fads2 during ontogeny in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). In order to determine the changes in expression of fads2 during ontogeny, gilthead sea bream broodstock with a high (HRO) or low (LRO) fads2 expression fed a diet previously used for nutritional programming, or a fish oil-based diet (LFO) were allowed to spawn. The samples were taken at the stages of spawning, morula, high blastula, gastrula, neurula, heart beating, hatch and 3 day-old first exogenous feeding larvae to determine fads2 expression throughout embryonic development. The results showed the presence of fads2 mRNA in the just spawned egg, denoting the maternal mRNA transfer to the developing oocyte. Later, fads2 expression increased after the neurula, from heart beating until 3-day-old larvae, denoting the transition from maternal to embryonic gene expression. In addition, the eggs obtained from broodstock with high fads2 expression showed a high docosahexaenoic acid content, which correlated with the downregulation of the fads2 expression found in the developing embryo and larvae. Finally, feeding with the nutritional programming diet with the partial replacement of fish oil by rapeseed oil did not affect the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) contents nor fads2 expression in the gilthead sea bream developing eggs.
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Xu H, Turchini GM, Francis DS, Liang M, Mock TS, Rombenso A, Ai Q. Are fish what they eat? A fatty acid’s perspective. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Emam M, Katan T, Caballero-Solares A, Taylor RG, Parrish KS, Rise ML, Parrish CC. Interaction between ω6 and ω3 fatty acids of different chain lengths regulates Atlantic salmon hepatic gene expression and muscle fatty acid profiles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190648. [PMID: 32536300 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atlantic salmon smolts (approx. 20-months old) were fed experimental diets with different combinations of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) (high-ω6, high-ω3, or balanced) and eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) levels (0.3, 1.0 or 1.4%) for 12 weeks. Muscle FA (% total FA) reflected dietary C18-polyunsaturated FA; however, muscle EPA per cent and content (mg g-1) were not different in salmon fed high-ω3 or balanced diets. Muscle DHA per cent was similar among treatments, while DHA content increased in fish fed 1.4% EPA + DHA, compared with those fed 0.3-1.0% EPA + DHA combined with high-ω6 FA. Muscle 20:3ω6 (DGLA) content was highest in those fed high-ω6 with 0.3% EPA + DHA. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses on liver RNA showed that the monounsaturated FA synthesis-related gene, scdb, was upregulated in fish fed 1.0% EPA + DHA with high-ω6 compared to those fed 0.3% EPA + DHA. In high-ω3-fed salmon, liver elovl2 transcript levels were higher with 0.3% EPA + DHA than with 1.0% EPA + DHA. In high-ω6-fed fish, elovl2 did not vary with EPA + DHA levels, but it was positively correlated with muscle ARA, 22:4ω3 and DGLA. These results suggest dietary 18:3ω3 elongation contributed to maintaining muscle EPA + DHA levels despite a two- to threefold change in dietary proportions, while 18:2ω6 with 0.3% EPA + DHA increased muscle DGLA more than arachidonic acid (ARA). Positive correlations between hepatic elovl2 and fabp10a with muscle ω6:ω3 and EPA + DHA + ARA, respectively, were confirmed by reanalysing data from a previous salmon trial with lower variations in dietary EPA + DHA and ω6:ω3 ratios. This article is part of the theme issue 'The next horizons for lipids as 'trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Emam
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1C 5S7
| | - Tomer Katan
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1C 5S7
| | - Albert Caballero-Solares
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1C 5S7
| | | | - Kathleen S Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1C 5S7
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1C 5S7
| | - Christopher C Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1C 5S7
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Nemova NN, Nefedova ZA, Pekkoeva SN, Voronin VP, Shulgina NS, Churova MV, Murzina SA. The Effect of the Photoperiod on the Fatty Acid Profile and Weight in Hatchery-Reared Underyearlings and Yearlings of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar L. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060845. [PMID: 32498392 PMCID: PMC7356347 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of two light regimes, 16:8 h light/dark (LD 16:8) and 24:0 h light/dark (LD 24:0), in comparison to a usual hatchery light regime (HL), on the fatty acids content and weight gain in hatchery-reared underyearlings (at 0+ age) and yearlings (at 1+ age) of Atlantic salmon in the summer–autumn period was studied. The total lipids were analyzed by Folch method, the lipid classes using HPTLC, and the fatty acids of total lipids using GC. The increase in EPA and DHA observed in October in underyearlings and yearlings salmon (especially under LD 24:0) suggests they were physiologically preparing for overwintering. The changes in fatty acids and their ratios in juvenile Atlantic salmon can be used as biochemical indicators of the degree to which hatchery-reared fish are ready to smoltify. These associated with an increase in marine-type specific DHA and EPA, an increase in the 16:0/18:1(n-9) ratio, in correlation with a reduction in MUFAs (mainly 18:1(n-9)). These biochemical modifications, accompanied by fish weight gain, were more pronounced in October in yearlings exposed to continuous light (LD 24:0). The mortality rate was lower in experimental groups of underyearliings with additional lighting. Exposure to prolonged and continuous light did not affect yearlings mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina N. Nemova
- Correspondence: (N.N.N.); (S.A.M.); Tel.: +7-8142769810 (S.A.M.)
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Nayak M, Giri SS, Pradhan A, Samanta M, Saha A. Effects of dietary α-linolenic acid/linoleic acid ratio on growth performance, tissue fatty acid profile, serum metabolites and Δ6 fad and elovl5 gene expression in silver barb (Puntius gonionotus). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1643-1652. [PMID: 31802501 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver barb (Puntius gonionotus) is a medium-sized carp that is promising for freshwater aquaculture in Asia. This study's aim was to investigate the ideal dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA): linoleic acid (LA) ratio for maximizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) synthesis and their deposition in the muscle of silver barb, as that of fish oil based control diet. RESULT Fish (with an initial body weight of 11.07 ± 0.12 g) were fed for 60 days with five experimental iso-proteinous, iso-lipidic, and iso-caloric diets, supplemented with linseed oil and peanut oil at varying levels to obtain ALA:LA ratios of 0.35, 0.51, 0.91, 2.04, 2.66. A control diet was prepared by supplementing fish oil. The dietary ALA:LA ratio did not influence the growth performance of fish. With increased dietary ALA:LA ratios, LA content decreased and ALA content increased in the muscle and liver of silver barb. The n-3 LC-PUFA level in muscle and liver was not influenced by feeding different ratios of ALA:LA, whereas n-6 LC-PUFA was decreased in the muscle and increased in the liver with increased dietary ALA:LA ratios. Increasing dietary ALA:LA ratio increased the Δ6fad and elovl5mRNA expression in the liver, muscle, brain, and intestinal tissues of silver barbs. CONCLUSION Silver barb possess the ability to elongate and desaturate ALA and LA to their end products EPA and DHA. The highest level expression of Δ6 fad and elovl5 mRNA at the dietary ALA:LA ratio of 2.66 suggests greater affinity of these enzymes towards ALA than LA in silver barb. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Nayak
- Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shiba Shankar Giri
- Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Avinash Pradhan
- Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mrinal Samanta
- Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ashis Saha
- Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
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Mu H, Wei C, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Pan Y, Chen J, Zhang W, Mai K. Impacts of replacement of dietary fish oil by vegetable oils on growth performance, anti-oxidative capacity, and inflammatory response in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:231-245. [PMID: 31734894 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacement of dietary fish oil by palm and linseed oils on the growth performance, anti-oxidative capacity, and inflammatory responses of large yellow croaker (initial body weight: 36.82 ± 0.29 g). The control diet was designed to contain 6.5% of fish oil, and named as FO. On the basis of the control diet, the fish oil was 100% replaced by palm and linseed oils, and these two diets were named as PO and LO, respectively. Results showed that the specific growth rate significantly reduced in the PO and LO groups. Crude lipid content in liver of fish fed FO was significantly lower than that in the PO and LO groups. Fatty acid composition in liver reflected the dietary input. Compared with the FO group, palm oil inclusion significantly decreased expressions of superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in liver, while linseed oil inclusion significantly increased expressions of above genes. However, both of the PO and LO groups had a significantly lower total anti-oxidative capacity in liver than the fish fed FO. Dietary palm and linseed oils significantly decreased expressions of arginase I and interleukin 10, and increased expressions of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, toll-like receptor 22, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 in liver. In conclusion, total replacement of dietary fish oil by palm and linseed oils could suppress growth performance and liver anti-oxidative capacity, and induce inflammatory responses of large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education; The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chaoqing Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education; The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education; The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education; The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352103, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352103, Fujian, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education; The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education; The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Wang Q, Mu H, Shen H, Gu Z, Liu D, Yang M, Zhang Y, Xu W, Zhang W, Mai K. Comparative analysis of glucose metabolism responses of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea fed diet with fish oil and palm oil. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1603-1614. [PMID: 31054044 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the effects of dietary fatty acid compositions on glucose metabolism, large yellow croaker juveniles Larimichthys crocea (initial weight, 36.80 ± 0.39 g) were fed with two experiment diets for 12 weeks. The two diets contained 6.5% of fish oil (FO) and palm oil (PO), respectively. Results showed that the contents of saturated fatty acids in liver and muscle, levels of glucose, triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and leptin in blood were significantly higher in PO group, while the hepatic glycogen and muscle glycogen significantly decreased (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in blood insulin and adiponectin levels between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the FO group, the expressions of glucokinase (GK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase (GYS), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), insulin receptor 1 (IR1), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), insulin receptor substrate (IRS2), and protein kinase B (AKT2) were significantly decreased, and the expressions of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in liver were significantly increased in the PO group. Meanwhile, the expressions of GK, phosphofructokinase, GYS, GLUT4, and insulin receptor 2 (IR2) were significantly reduced, and the expressions PEPCK, fructose-1 and 6-diphosphatase in muscle were significantly increased in the PO group. In conclusion, palm oil in diet could inhibit the utilization of glucose and promote the endogenous glucose production in large yellow croaker by reducing the sensitivity of insulin, so as to increase the blood glucose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hua Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haohao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhixiang Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Dong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mengxi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Murzina SA, Nefedova ZA, Pekkoeva SN, Veselov AE, Efremov DA, Ruokolainen TR, Nemova NN. Dynamics of Lipid and Fatty Acid Content at Early Ontogenesis Stages in Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792) in a Natural Environment (Indera River, Kola Peninsula). Russ J Dev Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360419040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The long-chain monounsaturated cetoleic acid improves the efficiency of the n-3 fatty acid metabolic pathway in Atlantic salmon and human HepG2 cells. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:755-768. [PMID: 31288871 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519001478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine if the long-chain MUFA cetoleic acid (22 : 1n-11) can improve the capacity to synthesise the health-promoting n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA in human and fish models. Human hepatocytes (HepG2) and salmon primary hepatocytes were first enriched with cetoleic acid, and thereafter their capacities to convert radio-labelled 18 : 3n-3 (α-linolenic acid, ALA) to EPA and DHA were measured. Increased endogenous levels of cetoleic acid led to increased production of radio-labelled EPA + DHA in HepG2 by 40 % and EPA in salmon hepatocytes by 12 %. In order to verify if dietary intake of a fish oil rich in cetoleic acid would have the same beneficial effects on the n-3 fatty acid metabolic pathway in vivo as found in vitro, Atlantic salmon were fed four diets supplemented with either sardine oil low in cetoleic acid or herring oil high in cetoleic acid at two inclusion levels (Low or High). The diets were balanced for EPA + DHA content within the Low and within the High groups. The salmon were fed these diets from 110 to 242 g. The level of EPA + DHA in liver and whole-body retention of docosapentaenoic acid and EPA + DHA relative to what was eaten, increased with increased dietary cetoleic acid levels. Thus, it is concluded that cetoleic acid stimulated the synthesis of EPA and DHA from ALA in human HepG2 and of EPA in salmon hepatocytes in vitro and increased whole-body retention of EPA + DHA in salmon by 15 % points after dietary intake of cetoleic acid.
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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ablation of elovl2 in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) inhibits elongation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and induces Srebp-1 and target genes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7533. [PMID: 31101849 PMCID: PMC6525179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atlantic salmon can synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) via activities of very long chain fatty acyl elongases (Elovls) and fatty acyl desaturases (Fads), albeit to a limited degree. Understanding molecular mechanisms of PUFA biosynthesis and regulation is a pre-requisite for sustainable use of vegetable oils in aquafeeds as current sources of fish oils are unable to meet increasing demands for omega-3 PUFAs. By generating CRISPR-mediated elovl2 partial knockout (KO), we have shown that elovl2 is crucial for multi-tissue synthesis of 22:6n-3 in vivo and that endogenously synthesized PUFAs are important for transcriptional regulation of lipogenic genes in Atlantic salmon. The elovl2-KOs showed reduced levels of 22:6n-3 and accumulation of 20:5n-3 and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) in the liver, brain and white muscle, suggesting inhibition of elongation. Additionally, elovl2-KO salmon showed accumulation of 20:4n-6 in brain and white muscle. The impaired synthesis of 22:6n-3 induced hepatic expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (srebp-1), fatty acid synthase-b, Δ6fad-a, Δ5fad and elovl5. Our study demonstrates key roles of elovl2 at two penultimate steps of PUFA synthesis in vivo and suggests Srebp-1 as a main regulator of endogenous PUFA synthesis in Atlantic salmon.
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Riera-Heredia N, Lutfi E, Gutiérrez J, Navarro I, Capilla E. Fatty acids from fish or vegetable oils promote the adipogenic fate of mesenchymal stem cells derived from gilthead sea bream bone potentially through different pathways. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215926. [PMID: 31017945 PMCID: PMC6481918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish are rich in n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, thus they have a great nutritional value for human health. In this study, the adipogenic potential of fatty acids commonly found in fish oil (EPA and DHA) and vegetable oils (linoleic (LA) and alpha-linolenic (ALA) acids), was evaluated in bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from gilthead sea bream. At a morphological level, cells adopted a round shape upon all treatments, losing their fibroblastic form and increasing lipid accumulation, especially in the presence of the n-6 PUFA, LA. The mRNA levels of the key transcription factor of osteogenesis, runx2 significantly diminished and those of relevant osteogenic genes remained stable after incubation with all fatty acids, suggesting that the osteogenic process might be compromised. On the other hand, transcript levels of the main adipogenesis-inducer factor, pparg increased in response to EPA. Nevertheless, the specific PPARγ antagonist T0070907 appeared to suppress the effects being caused by EPA over adipogenesis. Moreover, LA, ALA and their combinations, significantly up-regulated the fatty acid transporter and binding protein, fatp1 and fabp11, supporting the elevated lipid content found in the cells treated with those fatty acids. Overall, this study has demonstrated that fatty acids favor lipid storage in gilthead sea bream bone-derived MSCs inducing their fate into the adipogenic versus the osteogenic lineage. This process seems to be promoted via different pathways depending on the fatty acid source, being vegetable oils-derived fatty acids more prone to induce unhealthier metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Riera-Heredia
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmail Lutfi
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Sourabié A, Mandiki SNM, Geay F, Ahoulé AG, Naert N, Toguyeni A, Kestemont P. Tropical Vegetable Oils Do Not Alter Growth Performance in African Catfish through a High n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Biosynthesis Capacity. Lipids 2019; 54:329-345. [PMID: 31006877 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine the best vegetable oils (VO) for nutrition of African catfish by assessing the effects of a complete replacement of fish oil (FO) by different VO sources on its growth performance, fatty acid composition, and elongase-desaturase gene expression levels. Fish (16.2 g of initial body weight) were fed with five experimental isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isoenergetic diets in which FO was totally replaced by cottonseed oil (CO), palm oil (PO), desert date oil (DO), or Shea butter (SB). Complete replacement of FO with VO did not affect growth performance except for low values in fish fed SB diet. Muscle n-3 LC-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were significantly reduced in fish fed VO-based diets when compared with FO fed fish. However, the muscle arachidinic acid (ARA) levels in phospholipid class were 1.4 to 1.6 times higher in fish fed CO and DO diets than FO fed fish despite the lower ARA suppliers from these VO-based diets, suggesting endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthesis from PUFA precursors in fish fed these VO. The fads2 and elovl5 gene expression levels in liver of fish fed DO were also higher compared to FO controls. Therefore, all the results support the hypothesis that African catfish has higher biosynthesis capacity to convert vegetable n-6 PUFA precursors like linoleic acid (LNA, 18:2n-6) into n-6 LC-PUFA of the ARA type, compared to the conversion of vegetable α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) into n-3 LC-PUFA of the eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) or docosahexanoic acid (DHA) type. The results also indicate that DO can be recommended as the best alternative to FO replacement in African catfish nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboubacar Sourabié
- University of Namur, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.,Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Research and Studies Laboratory (LERNSE), Institute of Rural Development (IDR), University Nazi Boni of Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Syaghalirwa N M Mandiki
- University of Namur, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Florian Geay
- University of Namur, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ange G Ahoulé
- University of Namur, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Nathan Naert
- University of Namur, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Aboubacar Toguyeni
- Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Research and Studies Laboratory (LERNSE), Institute of Rural Development (IDR), University Nazi Boni of Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- University of Namur, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
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Li X, Ji R, Cui K, Chen Q, Chen Q, Fang W, Mai K, Zhang Y, Xu W, Ai Q. High percentage of dietary palm oil suppressed growth and antioxidant capacity and induced the inflammation by activation of TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:600-608. [PMID: 30738147 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fish oil (FO) replaced by palm oil (PO) on growth, biochemical and antioxidant response as well as inflammatory response in the liver of large yellow croaker (initial weight 15.87 ± 0.14 g). Four iso-proteic and iso-lipidic experimental diets were formulated with 0% (the control group), 33.3%, 66.7% and 100% FO replaced by PO. Fish fed the diet with 100% PO showed significantly lower growth performance than the control group. As expected, the contents of C16:0, C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 were increased with increasing dietary PO levels. There were remarkable increases in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in fish fed the diet with 100% PO compared to the control group. Moreover, dietary PO significantly increased activities of plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in fish fed the diet with 100% PO compared to the control group. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the activity of catalase (CAT) in plasma were significantly decreased in fish fed the diet with 100% PO compared to the control group, and meanwhile no significant differences were found in T-AOC and CAT activity in fish fed diets with no more than 66.7% PO. Fish fed the diet with 100% PO exerted significantly higher toll like receptors (TLRs) and myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88) mRNA expression levels than the control group. The IFNγ, IL-1β and TNFα mRNA expressions were increased with increasing dietary PO levels. The increase of pro-inflammatory gene expression may be due to the activation of NF-κB signaling as the ratio of nucleus p65 to total p65 protein was elevated with the increase of dietary PO levels. These results showed that relatively higher PO levels in diets suppressed the growth and antioxidant capacity as well as induced the inflammatory response by activating TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway in juvenile large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Renlei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuchi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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Betancor MB, Ortega A, de la Gándara F, Tocher DR, Mourente G. Performance, feed utilization, and hepatic metabolic response of weaned juvenile Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.): effects of dietary lipid level and source. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:697-718. [PMID: 30470945 PMCID: PMC6500510 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Two trials were performed using extruded diets as on-growing feeds for weaned Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus; ABT) to establish adequate dietary levels of both lipid and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), and impacts on lipid metabolism via liver gene expression. In trial A, ABT were fed with either a commercial feed (Magokoro®; MGK) as a reference diet or two experimental feeds differing in lipid levels (15 or 20%) using krill oil (KO) as the single lipid source in order to estimate suitable lipid content. Fish fed MGK displayed the highest growth, followed by 15KO, and therefore a dietary lipid content of 15% was considered preferable to 20% at this stage. In trial B, fish were fed MGK, 15KO, or a feed containing 15% lipid with a blend of KO and rapeseed oil (RO) (1:1, v/v; 15KORO). Fish fed 15KO and 15KORO showed no difference in weight gain, specific growth rate, and fork length. Increasing dietary lipid level or including vegetable oil, RO, in the feeds did not increase liver lipid content. Liver fatty acid compositions largely reflected dietary profiles confirming very limited endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Liver of ABT fed 15KO and 20KO displayed the highest contents of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The hepatic expression of genes encoding enzymes and transcription factors involved in lipid and fatty acid metabolism, as well as genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, showed that many of these genes were regulated by dietary lipid and LC-PUFA content. Results suggested that ABT juveniles can be on-grown on inert dry feeds that support good fish growth and the accumulation of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Aurelio Ortega
- Planta Experimental de Cultivos Marinos, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), 30860 Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Gándara
- Planta Experimental de Cultivos Marinos, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), 30860 Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Gabriel Mourente
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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High levels of branched chain fatty acids in nātto and other Asian fermented foods. Food Chem 2019; 286:428-433. [PMID: 30827628 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mean intake (500 mg/day) of branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) in western countries is from dairy products and beef. We hypothesized that Asian countries with low dairy consumption have an alternative source of BCFA and report the characterization of nātto and selected fermented foods for BCFA content. Nātto BCFA averaged 0.6 (range 0.21-1.43) mg BCFA per g natto (wet weight) and was highly variable. Nātto major BCFA are C14-17 iso- and anteiso-BCFA similar to fluid milk. BCFA concentrations were 1.00 ± 0.64%, 1.63 ± 0.72% and 0.65 ± 0.07%, of total fatty acids in nātto, shrimp paste and fish sauce, respectively. In contrast, saturates, monounsaturates, and major polyunsaturates were more constant (coefficient of variation = 21%, 26% and 4% compared to 64% for nātto BCFA). Detection of fatty acid ethyl esters were confirmed in miso and found in homemade kimchi. Habitual nātto and/or fermented seafood consumption could support BCFA intakes similar to dairy consumption.
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Fickler A, Staats S, Michl SC, Hasler M, Rimbach G, Schulz C. Combination of Dietary Ahiflower Oil and Equol Enhances Long‐Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in Rainbow Trout Tissues. Lipids 2019; 53:1069-1083. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fickler
- GMA ‐ Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH Hafentörn 3, 25761, Büsum Germany
- Institute of Animal Breeding and HusbandryKiel University Hermann‐Rodewald‐Str. 6, 24118, Kiel Germany
| | - Stefanie Staats
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food ScienceKiel University Hermann‐Rodewald‐Str. 6, 24118, Kiel Germany
| | - Stéphanie Céline Michl
- GMA ‐ Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH Hafentörn 3, 25761, Büsum Germany
- Institute of Animal Breeding and HusbandryKiel University Hermann‐Rodewald‐Str. 6, 24118, Kiel Germany
| | - Mario Hasler
- Lehrfach VariationsstatistikKiel University Hermann‐ Rodewald‐Str. 9, 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food ScienceKiel University Hermann‐Rodewald‐Str. 6, 24118, Kiel Germany
| | - Carsten Schulz
- GMA ‐ Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH Hafentörn 3, 25761, Büsum Germany
- Institute of Animal Breeding and HusbandryKiel University Hermann‐Rodewald‐Str. 6, 24118, Kiel Germany
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Gerphagnon M, Agha R, Martin‐Creuzburg D, Bec A, Perriere F, Rad‐Menéndez C, Gachon CM, Wolinska J. Comparison of sterol and fatty acid profiles of chytrids and their hosts reveals trophic upgrading of nutritionally inadequate phytoplankton by fungal parasites. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:949-958. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Gerphagnon
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Germany
| | - Ramsy Agha
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Germany
| | - Dominik Martin‐Creuzburg
- Limnological Institute, Department of Biology, University of Constance Mainaustrasse 252, 78464 Constance Germany
| | - Alexandre Bec
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement‐Université Clermont Auvergne France
| | - Fanny Perriere
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement‐Université Clermont Auvergne France
| | - Cecilia Rad‐Menéndez
- Culture Collection of Algae and ProtozoaScottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute UK
| | - Claire M.M. Gachon
- Culture Collection of Algae and ProtozoaScottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute UK
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Germany
- Department of BiologyChemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Germany
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Ginés R, Camacho M, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Izquierdo M, Boada LD, Montero D, Robaina L, Zumbado M, Luzardo OP. Reduction of persistent and semi-persistent organic pollutants in fillets of farmed European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed low fish oil diets. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1239-1247. [PMID: 30189540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, a major part of aquaculture technology requires fish oil (FO) and fish meal (FM) to produce the aquafeed for farmed species. FO is the main source of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in fish feed. In recent years, the use of vegetable-origin ingredients in fish feeds has been increasingly studied as an alternative to reduce the levels of these lipophilic pollutants in farmed species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of dietary vegetable oils in the farming of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) on the contents in persistent - polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) - and semi persistent pollutants - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) - of their edible parts. A total of 60 seabass muscle pools were obtained from fish farmed employing six experimental diets, which contained different percentages of FO (6 vs. 3%) and FM (20%, 10% and 5%). We did not observe differences in the contamination level of seabass muscle in relation to the percentage of FM in their diet. However, the fish farmed using feed which had lower levels of FO (3%) showed significantly lower muscle levels of ΣPCBs and carcinogenic PAHs (Σc-PAHs), with a reduction of 25.6% and 95.11% (respectively), as compared with those fished raised with feed with higher levels of FO (6%). Also much lower levels were found in OCPs such as sum of DDTs (30.88% of reduction), sum of chlordanes (42.85% of reduction), and sum of BDEs (48.16% of reduction) in those seabass fed with a lower percentage of FO. The results of this study indicate that the use of alternative feed ingredients that allow the employment of low percentage of FO in feeds help to reduce the load of several toxic pollutants in the fillets of European seabass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ginés
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Parque Científico Tecnológico Marino de Taliarte, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Spain
| | - María Camacho
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Parque Científico Tecnológico Marino de Taliarte, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Parque Científico Tecnológico Marino de Taliarte, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Spain
| | - Lidia Robaina
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Parque Científico Tecnológico Marino de Taliarte, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain.
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Beheshti Foroutani M, Parrish CC, Wells J, Taylor RG, Rise ML, Shahidi F. Minimizing marine ingredients in diets of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Effects on growth performance and muscle lipid and fatty acid composition. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198538. [PMID: 30240394 PMCID: PMC6150467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to limited fish meal and fish oil resources and their high costs for the aquaculture industry, it is necessary to find alternative sustainable sources of protein and lipids. Therefore, seven different diets were formulated with different levels of animal by-products, vegetable proteins, fish oil and rapeseed oil, to feed farmed Atlantic salmon, and their effects on growth performance, muscle lipid class, and fatty acid composition were examined. Protein sources included anchovy, poultry, feather, blood, corn, soy and wheat. Growth performance indicated that the diet with the lowest fish meal and fish oil content resulted in the lowest weight gain and final weight, followed by the diet containing the highest level of animal by-products. The lipid class analysis showed no statistical difference in the muscle total lipid content using different diets. However, significant statistical differences were observed among the main lipid classes; triacylglycerols, phospholipids, and sterols. The diet containing 1.4% omega-3 long-chain fatty acids resulted in the highest content of triacylglycerols and phospholipids. Diets containing medium and low levels of fish oil and fish meal, respectively, led to as high a level of ω3 fatty acids in muscle as when fish were fed diets with high levels of fish meal and fish oil. The results of this study suggest that feeding a diet containing low levels of fish meal and moderate levels of fish oil does not significantly affect ω3 fatty acid composition in muscle. Fish meal could be reduced to 5% without affecting growth as long as there was a minimum of 5% fish oil, and animal by-products did not exceed 26% of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher C. Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Jeanette Wells
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | | | - Matthew L. Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
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Zhu S, Tan P, Ji R, Xiang X, Cai Z, Dong X, Mai K, Ai Q. Influence of a Dietary Vegetable Oil Blend on Serum Lipid Profiles in Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9097-9106. [PMID: 30095902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Serum lipid metabolic responses are associated with certain metabolic disorders induced by dietary habits in mammals. However, such associations have not been reported in fish. Lipidomic analyses were performed to investigate fish lipid metabolic responses to a dietary vegetable oil (VO) blend and to elucidate the mechanism of how the dietary VO blend affects serum lipid profiles. Results showed that the dietary VO blend strongly affects serum lipid profiles, especially the ratio of triglyceride/phosphatidylcholine (TAG/PC), via inhibiting hepatic PC biosynthesis and facilitating hepatic and intestinal lipoprotein assembly. Studies in vitro suggested that changes of serum TAG/PC ratio may be partially attributed to altered fatty acid composition in diets. Additionally, the reduction of 16:0/18:1-PC induced by the dietary VO blend may play a role in abnormal lipid deposition through inhibiting PPARA-mediated activation of β-oxidation. These findings suggested that the serum TAG/PC ratio might be a predictive parameter for abnormal lipid metabolism induced by dietary nutrition in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
| | - Peng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
| | - Renlei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
| | - Zuonan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao , Shangdong China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) , Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , Shangdong 266003 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao , Shangdong China
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Ding Q, Zhang Z, Ran C, He S, Yang Y, Du Z, Zhang J, Zhou Z. The Hepatotoxicity of Palmitic Acid in Zebrafish Involves the Intestinal Microbiota. J Nutr 2018; 148:1217-1228. [PMID: 29982798 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Palmitic acid (PA) is the main saturated fatty acid naturally occurring in animal fats and vegetable oils. In recent decades, palm oil, an alternative lipid source containing high amounts of PA, has been widely used to replace fish oil in aquafeed. Objective We investigated the hepatotoxicity of PA in zebrafish and the underlying mechanism. Methods One-month-old zebrafish fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 16% soybean oil and 3 PA-incorporated HFDs [4%, 8%, and 12% PA (12PA)] for 2 wk (experiment 1) and 4 wk (experiment 2) were used to evaluate PA-induced liver damage and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Germ-free (GF) zebrafish fed low-fat, high-fat, or 12PA diets for 5 d were used to study the direct effects of PA on liver damage (experiment 3). GF zebrafish colonized with HFD or 12PA microbiota for 48 h were used to elucidate the indirect effects of PA-altered microbiota on liver damage (experiment 4). Last, GF zebrafish colonized with HFD or 12PA microbiota were used to evaluate the effects of different microbiotas on PA absorption (experiment 5). Results In experiment 1, the proportion of PA in the liver linearly increased as its percentage in dietary lipid increased (r2 = 0.83, P < 0.05). In experiment 2, the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78) and C/EBP-homologous protein (Chop) was higher in the 12PA group than in the HFD group (2.2- and 2.7-fold, respectively; P < 0.05). The activity of caspase-12 was increased by 61.1% in the 12PA group compared with the HFD group (P < 0.05). In experiment 3, caspase-12 activity was higher in the 12PA group than in the HFD group (P < 0.05). In experiment 4, GF zebrafish colonized with PA-altered microbiota had higher caspase-12 activity (P < 0.05) than those colonized by HFD microbiota. In experiment 5, PA-altered microbiota promoted PA absorption (P < 0.05) and aggravated ER stress and liver damage in the context of high-PA feeding. Conclusions The PA-altered microbiota indirectly induced ER stress and liver damage in zebrafish. Moreover, the PA microbiota promoted the absorption of PA, leading to enhanced PA overflow into the liver and aggravated hepatotoxicity of PA in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Ding
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxu He
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Du
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Nefedova ZA, Murzina SA, Pekkoeva SN, Nemova NN. Comparative Analysis of the Fatty Acid Profiles of Smolts of the Brown Trout Salmo trutta L. and Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar L. during Smoltification (Indera River, White Sea Basin). BIOL BULL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359018020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Vizcaíno AJ, Rodiles A, López G, Sáez MI, Herrera M, Hachero I, Martínez TF, Cerón-García MC, Alarcón FJ. Growth performance, body composition, and digestive functionality of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) juveniles fed diets including microalgae freeze-dried biomass. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:661-677. [PMID: 29354886 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Senegalese sole is one of the most promising fish species cultivated in the Southern European countries. This study was aimed at assessing the effects of microalgae biomass added to diets for Senegalese sole juveniles on fish growing and condition status. Three isoproteic (52%) and isolipidic (10%) were formulated containing 15% Tisochrysis lutea (TISO), Nannochloropsis gaditana (NAN), or Scenedesmus almeriensis (SCE) biomass, respectively. An experimental microalgae-free diet (CT) and a commercial diet (COM) were used as controls. Fish were fed at 3% of their body weight for 85 days. Final body weight of fish fed microalgae-supplemented diets did not differ from group fed CT diet. Fish-fed CT, TISO, NAN, and SCE showed higher growth performance and nutrient utilization figures than specimen-fed COM diet. The highest carcass lipid content was found in COM group (141 g kg-1), and no differences were observed in body protein content. Ash was significantly higher in TISO, NAN, and SCE groups compared to fish-fed CT. Muscle EPA and DHA contents were not modified owing to the different dietary treatments. The n3/n6 and EPA/DHA ratios in muscle were similar in all the experimental groups. The quantification of digestive proteolytic activities did not differ among experimental groups, although differences in the protease pattern in digestive extracts by zymography were revealed in those fish fed on COM diet. Both α-amylase activity in the intestinal lumen and leucine aminopeptidase in the intestinal tissue were significantly lower in COM fish. Specimens fed on SCE diet showed a higher leucine aminopeptidase activity associated to the intestinal tissue compared to NAN-fed fish (0.40 and 0.25 U g tissue-1, respectively). The ultrastructural study revealed that the dietary inclusion of algal biomass, especially T. lutea and N. gaditana, had a positive impact on the absorptive capacity of the intestinal mucosa. The highest values for the parameters microvilli length and microvilli absorption surface were observed in fish fed on NAN diet (1.99 μm and 45.93 μm2, respectively). Even though further studies aimed at optimizing commercial formulas for Senegalese sole are required prior to any large-scale practical utilization, the results obtained clearly suggest the potential of microalgae as dietary ingredients for this fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Vizcaíno
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - A Rodiles
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - G López
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - M I Sáez
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - M Herrera
- IFAPA Centro Agua del Pino, Huelva, Spain
| | - I Hachero
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - T F Martínez
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - M C Cerón-García
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CITE II-A, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - F Javier Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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42
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Sustainable Alternatives for Dietary Fish Oil in Aquafeeds: Actual Situation and Future Perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77941-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Sissener NH. Are we what we eat? Changes to the feed fatty acid composition of farmed salmon and its effects through the food chain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29514891 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.161521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
'Are we what we eat?' Yes and no. Although dietary fat affects body fat, there are many modifying mechanisms. In Atlantic salmon, there is a high level of retention of the n-3 fatty acid (FA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) relative to the dietary content, whereas saturated FAs never seem to increase above a specified level, which is probably an adaptation to low and fluctuating body temperature. Net production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and especially DHA occurs in salmon when dietary levels are low; however, this synthesis is not sufficient to maintain EPA and DHA at similar tissue levels to those of a traditional fish oil-fed farmed salmon. The commercial diets of farmed salmon have changed over the past 15 years towards a more plant-based diet owing to the limited availability of the marine ingredients fish meal and fish oil, resulting in decreased EPA and DHA and increased n-6 FAs. Salmon is part of the human diet, leading to the question 'Are we what the salmon eats?' Dietary intervention studies using salmon have shown positive effects on FA profiles and health biomarkers in humans; however, most of these studies used salmon that were fed high levels of marine ingredients. Only a few human intervention studies and mouse trials have explored the effects of the changing feed composition of farmed salmon. In conclusion, when evaluating feed ingredients for farmed fish, effects throughout the food chain on fish health, fillet composition and human health need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nini H Sissener
- Fish Nutrition, Requirements and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Postboks 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
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44
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Liu Y, Zhang QH, Dong YW, You CH, Wang SQ, Li YQ, Li YY. Establishment of a hepatocyte line for studying biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from a marine teleost, the white-spotted spinefoot Siganus canaliculatus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:603-616. [PMID: 28691159 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A hepatocyte line was established from the liver of white-spotted spinefoot Siganus canaliculatus to study the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). The cells from the line, designated S. canaliculatus hepatocyte line (SCHL), grew and multiplied well in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)-F12 medium supplemented with 20 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-1-ethanesulphonic acid (HEPES), 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0·5% rainbow trout Oncorhychus mykiss serum at 28° C, showing an epithelial-like morphology and the normal chromosome number of 48 (2n) and have been subcultured for over 60 passages. The identity of the hepatocytes was confirmed by periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. The mRNA expression of all genes encoding the key enzymes for LC-PUFA biosynthesis including two desaturases (Δ4 Fad and Δ6-Δ5 Fad) and two elongases (Elovl4 and Elovl5), were detected in all cells from passages 5 to 60 and their expression levels became stable after passage 35 and showed responses to various PUFA incubation. This is similar to the situation determined in the liver of S. canaliculatus that were fed diets containing different fatty acids. These results indicated that SCHL was successfully established and can provide an in vitro tool to investigate lipid metabolism and regulatory mechanisms of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in teleosts, especially marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Q H Zhang
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Y W Dong
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - C H You
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - S Q Wang
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Y Q Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Y Li
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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45
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Early nutritional intervention can improve utilisation of vegetable-based diets in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Br J Nutr 2017; 118:17-29. [PMID: 28735572 PMCID: PMC5565931 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated nutritional programming in Atlantic salmon to improve utilisation of a vegetable-based diet. At first exogenous feeding, fry were fed either a marine-based diet (Diet Mstimulus, 80% fishmeal (FM)/4% fish oil (FO)) or a vegetable-based diet (Diet Vstimulus, 10% FM/0% FO) for 3 weeks. Subsequently, all fish were then fed under the same conditions with a commercial, marine-based, diet for 15 weeks and thereafter challenged with a second V diet (Diet Vchallenge, 10% FM/0% FO) for 6 weeks. Diploid and triploid siblings were run in parallel to examine ploidy effects. Growth performance, feed intake, nutrient utilisation and intestinal morphology were monitored. Fish initially given Diet Vstimulus (V-fish) showed 24 % higher growth rate and 23 % better feed efficiency compared with M-fish when later challenged with Diet Vchallenge. There was no difference in feed intake between nutritional histories, but increased nutrient retentions highlighted the improved utilisation of a V diet in V-fish. There were generally few significant effects of nutritional history or ploidy on enteritis scores in the distal intestine after the challenge phase as only V-triploids showed a significant increase (P<0·05) in total score. The data highlighted that the positive effects were most likely a result of nutritional programming and the ability to respond better when challenged later in life may be attributed to physiological and/or metabolic changes induced by the stimulus. This novel study showed the potential of nutritional programming to improve the use of plant raw material ingredients in feeds for Atlantic salmon.
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46
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Li S, Monroig Ó, Wang T, Yuan Y, Carlos Navarro J, Hontoria F, Liao K, Tocher DR, Mai K, Xu W, Ai Q. Functional characterization and differential nutritional regulation of putative Elovl5 and Elovl4 elongases in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Sci Rep 2017; 7:2303. [PMID: 28536436 PMCID: PMC5442133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, two elongases, Elovl4 and Elovl5, were functionally characterized and their transcriptional regulation in response to n-3 LC-PUFA administration were investigated in vivo and in vitro. We previously described the molecular characterization of croaker elovl5. Here, we report the full-length cDNA sequence of croaker elovl4, which contained 1794 bp (excluding the polyA tail), including 909 bp of coding region that encoded a polypeptide of 302 amino acids possessing all the characteristic features of Elovl proteins. Functional studies showed that croaker Elovl5, displayed high elongation activity towards C18 and C20 PUFA, with only low activity towards C22 PUFA. In contrast, croaker Elovl4 could effectively convert both C20 and C22 PUFA to longer polyenoic products up to C34. n-3 LC-PUFA suppressed transcription of the two elongase genes, as well as srebp-1 and lxrα, major regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assays and in vitro studies both indicated that the transcriptions of elovl5 and elovl4 elongases could be regulated by Lxrα. Moreover, Lxrα could mediate the transcription of elovl4 directly or indirectly through regulating the transcription of srebp-1. The above findings contribute further insight and understanding of the mechanisms regulating LC-PUFA biosynthesis in marine fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Kai Liao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
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Hussein M, Pillai VV, Goddard JM, Park HG, Kothapalli KS, Ross DA, Ketterings QM, Brenna JT, Milstein MB, Marquis H, Johnson PA, Nyrop JP, Selvaraj V. Sustainable production of housefly (Musca domestica) larvae as a protein-rich feed ingredient by utilizing cattle manure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171708. [PMID: 28170420 PMCID: PMC5295707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The common housefly, Musca domestica, is a considerable component of nutrient recycling in the environment. Use of housefly larvae to biodegrade manure presents an opportunity to reduce waste disposal while the rapidly assimilated insect biomass can also be used as a protein rich animal feed. In this study, we examine the biodegradation of dairy cattle manure using housefly larvae, and the nutritional value of the resulting larva meal as a feed ingredient. Our results demonstrated that dairy cattle manure presents a balanced substrate for larval growth, and the spent manure showed reductions in concentration of total nitrogen (24.9%) and phosphorus (6.2%) with an overall reduction in mass. Larva yield at an optimum density was approximately 2% of manure weight. Nutritional analysis of M. domestica larva meal showed values comparable to most high protein feed ingredients. Larva meal was 60% protein with a well-balanced amino acid profile, and 20% fat with 57% monounsaturated fatty acids, and 39% saturated fatty acids. Larva meal lacked any significant amount of omega-3 fatty acids. Evaluation of micronutrients in larva meal suggested that it is a good source of calcium and phosphorus (0.5% and 1.1% respectively). The nutritional value of larva meal closely matches that of fishmeal, making it a potentially attractive alternative for use as a protein-rich feed ingredient for livestock and aquaculture operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hussein
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Viju V. Pillai
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Goddard
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Hui G. Park
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Kumar S. Kothapalli
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Ross
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Quirine M. Ketterings
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark B. Milstein
- Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Helene Marquis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jan P. Nyrop
- Department of Entomology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, United States of America
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Requirements ofn-3 very long-chain PUFA in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL): effects of different dietary levels of EPA and DHA on fish performance and tissue composition and integrity. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:30-47. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFarmed salmon feeds have changed from purely marine-based diets with high levels of EPA and DHA in the 1990s to the current 70 % plant-based diets with low levels of these fatty acids (FA). The aim of this study was to establish the impacts of low dietary EPA and DHA levels on performance and tissue integrity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Atlantic salmon (50 g) in seawater were fed fourteen experimental diets, containing five levels (0, 0·5, 1·0, 1·5 and 2·0 %) of EPA, DHA or a 1:1 EPA+DHA plus control close to a commercial diet, to a final weight of 400 g. Lack of EPA and DHA did not influence mortality, but then-3-deficient group exhibited moderately slower growth than those fed levels above 0·5 %. The heart and brain conserved EPA and DHA levels better than skeletal muscle, liver, skin and intestine. Decreased EPA and DHA favoured deposition of pro-inflammatory 20 : 4n-6 and 20 : 3n-6 FA in membrane phospholipids in all tissues. When DHA was excluded from diets, 18 : 3n-3 and EPA were to a large extent converted to DHA. Liver, skeletal and cardiac muscle morphology was normal in all groups, with the exception of cytoplasm packed with large or foamy vacuoles and sometimes swollen enterocytes of intestine in both deficient and EPA groups. DHA supplementation supported normal intestinal structure, and 2·0 % EPA+DHA alleviated deficiency symptoms. Thus, EPA and DHA dietary requirements cannot be based exclusively on growth; tissue integrity and fish health also need to be considered.
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Qiu H, Jin M, Li Y, Lu Y, Hou Y, Zhou Q. Dietary Lipid Sources Influence Fatty Acid Composition in Tissue of Large Yellow Croaker (Larmichthys crocea) by Regulating Triacylglycerol Synthesis and Catabolism at the Transcriptional Level. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169985. [PMID: 28081221 PMCID: PMC5231348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance, fatty acid composition, rate-limiting enzyme activities and gene expression related to lipid metabolism in large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea). Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain different lipid sources, such as fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), rapeseed oil (RO) and peanut oil (PO), respectively. Triplicate groups of 50 fish (initial weight 13.77±0.07g) were stocked in 15 floating net cages (1.5m×1.5m×2.0m). Fish fed the diets containing RO and LO had lower weight gain and specific growth rates than those fed the FO, SO and PO diets. Survival, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index, viscerasomatic index and condition factor were not significantly affected by different dietary lipid sources. Fish fed the diet containing FO had higher lipid content in whole body compared with the other groups, whereas fish fed the SO diet had the lowest muscle lipid content. Fatty acid profiles of muscle and liver reflected the fatty acid composition of the diets. Plasma glucose, triglyceride, and the enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were significantly influenced by different dietary lipid sources, while total protein, cholesterol, superoxide dismutase or malondialdehyde in plasma were not affected by the different dietary lipid sources. Fish fed the LO diet had lower adipose triglyceride lipase and fatty acid synthase activities in liver than those fed the diets containing FO and RO, while the LO diet resulted in the highest hepatic carnitine palmitoultransferase-1 activity. Hepatic gene relative expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 in fish fed PO diet was significantly higher than all other groups, whereas fish fed the SO and LO diets had lower relative expression levels of lipoprotein lipase than the other groups. The highest relative expression levels of fatty acid synthase and acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 were observed in the FO group, while the highest relative expression of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase occurred in fish fed the FO and RO diets. In summary, based on the growth performance, FO and SO appear to be suitable lipid sources for large yellow croaker, with the findings of this study also providing a molecular insight into the role of lipid metabolic mechanism in response to different dietary lipid sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qiu
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Li
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - You Lu
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yingmei Hou
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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50
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Regulation of FADS2 transcription by SREBP-1 and PPAR-α influences LC-PUFA biosynthesis in fish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40024. [PMID: 28067297 PMCID: PMC5220380 DOI: 10.1038/srep40024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to explore the mechanisms leading to differences among fishes in the ability to biosynthesize long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Replacement of fish oil with vegetable oil caused varied degrees of increase in 18-carbon fatty acid content and decrease in n-3 LC-PUFA content in the muscle and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) and large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), suggesting that these fishes have differing abilities to biosynthesize LC-PUFAs. Fish oil replacement also led to significantly up-regulated expression of FADS2 and SREBP-1 but different responses of the two PPAR-α homologues in the livers of these three fishes. An in vitro experiment indicated that the basic transcription activity of the FADS2 promoter was significantly higher in rainbow trout than in Japanese seabass or large yellow croaker, which was consistent with their LC-PUFA biosynthetic abilities. In addition, SREBP-1 and PPAR-α up-regulated FADS2 promoter activity. These regulatory effects varied considerably between SREBP-1 and PPAR-α, as well as among the three fishes. Taken together, the differences in regulatory activities of the two transcription factors targeting FADS2 may be responsible for the different LC-PUFA biosynthetic abilities in these three fishes that have adapted to different ambient salinity.
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