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Mion B, Madureira G, Spricigo JFW, King K, Van Winters B, LaMarre J, LeBlanc SJ, Steele MA, Ribeiro ES. Effects of source of supplementary trace minerals in pre- and postpartum diets on reproductive biology and performance in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00216-3. [PMID: 37164845 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of complete replacement of inorganic salts of trace minerals (STM) with organic trace minerals (OTM) in both pre- and postpartum diets on ovarian dynamics, estrous behavior measured by sensors, preimplantation conceptus development, and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Pregnant cows and heifers (n = 273) were blocked by parity and body condition score and randomly assigned to either STM or OTM diets at 45 ± 3 d before their expected calving. Pre- and postpartum diets were formulated to meet 100% of recommended levels of each trace mineral in both treatments, taking into consideration both basal and supplemental levels. The final target concentrations of Co, Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn were, respectively, 0.25, 13.7, 40.0, 0.3, and 40.0 mg/kg in the prepartum diet, and 0.25, 15.7, 40.0, 0.3, and 63.0 mg/kg in the postpartum diet. The STM group was supplemented with Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn sulfates and sodium selenite, while the OTM group was supplemented with Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn proteinates and selenized yeast. Treatments continued until 156 d in milk (DIM) and were assigned to individual cows using automatic feeding gates. Starting at 21 DIM, ultrasonography examinations of the ovaries were performed weekly to determine the presence of a corpus luteum and postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity. Cows were presynchronized with 2 injections of PGF2α at 42 and 56 DIM. Estrous behavior was monitored using electronic activity tags that indirectly measured walking activity. Cows detected in estrus after the second PGF2α were inseminated, and those not detected in estrus by 67 DIM were enrolled in a synchronization program. Cows that returned to estrus after artificial insemination (AI) were reinseminated. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 33 d after AI, and nonpregnant cows were resynchronized. Transcript expression of interferon-stimulated genes in peripheral blood leukocytes was performed in a subgroup of cows (STM, n = 67; OTM, n = 73) on d 19 after AI. A different subgroup of cows (28 STM, 29 OTM) received uterine flushing 15 d after AI for recovery of conceptuses and uterine fluid for analyses of transcriptomics and metabolomics, respectively. In addition, dominant follicle diameter, luteal size and blood flow, and concentration of progesterone in plasma were measured on d 0, 7, and 15 relative to AI. After flushing, PGF2α was given and the dominant follicle was aspirated 2 d later to measure the concentration of trace minerals by mass spectrometry. Estrous behavior, size of the dominant follicle and corpus luteum, concentration of progesterone, time to pregnancy, and proportion of cows pregnant by 100 d of the breeding period did not differ between treatments. A greater proportion of cows supplemented with OTM had a corpus luteum detected before presynchronization (64.3 vs. 75.2%), and primiparous cows supplemented with OTM tended to resume cyclicity earlier than their STM counterparts. Cows supplemented with OTM had a greater concentration of Cu in follicular fluid than cows supplemented with STM (0.89 vs. 0.77 µg/mL, respectively). In pregnant multiparous cows, expression of receptor transporter protein 4 in peripheral blood leukocytes was 42% greater in the OTM group. Conceptuses of the 2 treatments had 589 differentially expressed transcripts, with many indicating advanced conceptus elongation and greater transcript expression of selenoproteins in the OTM group. In pregnant cows, 24 metabolites were more abundant in the uterine fluid of OTM, including spermidine, sucrose, and cholesterol. In conclusion, replacing STM with OTM caused modest improvements to resumption of ovarian cyclicity and important changes in preimplantation conceptus development, but it did not alter conception risk and pregnancy rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mion
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - G Madureira
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J F W Spricigo
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - K King
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - B Van Winters
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J LaMarre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S J LeBlanc
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E S Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Chen CW, Chen LK, Huang TY, Yang DM, Liu SY, Tsai PJ, Chen TH, Lin HF, Juan CC. Nitric Oxide Mobilizes Intracellular Zn2+ via the GC/cGMP/PKG Signaling Pathway and Stimulates Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105488. [PMID: 35628299 PMCID: PMC9143299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma and tissue zinc ion levels are associated with the development of obesity. Previous studies have suggested that zinc ions may regulate adipocyte metabolism and that nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of adipocyte physiology. Our previous study showed that chronic NO deficiency causes a significant decrease in adipose tissue mass in rats. Studies also suggested that zinc ions play an important modulatory role in regulating NO function. This study aims to explore the role of zinc ions in NO-regulated adipocyte differentiation. We hypothesized that NO could increase intracellular Zn2+ level and then stimulate adipocyte differentiation. ZnCl2 and the NO donor, NONOate, were used to explore the effects of Zn2+ and NO on adipocyte differentiation. Regulatory mechanisms of NO on intracellular Zn2+ mobilization were determined by detection. Then, Zn2+-selective chelator TPEN was used to clarify the role of intracellular Zn2+ on NO-regulated adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, the relationship between adipocyte size, Zn2+ level, and NOS expression in human subcutaneous fat tissue was elucidated. Results showed that both ZnCl2 and NO stimulated adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. NO stimulated intracellular Zn2+ mobilization in adipocytes through the guanylate cyclase (GC)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG) pathway, and NO-stimulated adipocyte differentiation was Zn2+-dependent. In human subcutaneous adipose tissue, adipocyte size was negatively correlated with expression of eNOS. In conclusion, NO treatment stimulates intracellular Zn2+ mobilization through the GC/cGMP/PKG pathway, subsequently stimulating adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Chen
- College of Human Development and Health, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112303, Taiwan;
| | - Luen-Kui Chen
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (L.-K.C.); (T.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Tai-Ying Huang
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (L.-K.C.); (T.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - De-Ming Yang
- Institute of Biophotonics, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Yu Liu
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (L.-K.C.); (T.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Pei-Jiun Tsai
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (P.-J.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Trauma Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hua Chen
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (P.-J.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Trauma Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Fu Lin
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-F.L.); (C.-C.J.)
| | - Chi-Chang Juan
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (L.-K.C.); (T.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 103212, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-F.L.); (C.-C.J.)
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3
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Ho E, Wong CP, King JC. Impact of zinc on DNA integrity and age-related inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:391-397. [PMID: 34921929 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dr. Bruce Ames was a pioneer in understanding the role of oxidative stress and DNA damage, and in the 1990s began to make connections between micronutrient deficiencies and DNA damage. Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health and a key component for the function of numerous cellular processes. In particular, zinc plays a critical role in cellular antioxidant defense, the maintenance of DNA integrity and is also essential for the normal development and function of the immune system. This review highlights the work helping connect zinc deficiency to oxidative stress, susceptibility to DNA damage and chronic inflammation that was initiated while working with Dr. Ames. This review outlines the body of work in this area, from cells to humans. The article also reviews the unique challenges of maintaining zinc status as we age and the interplay between zinc deficiency and age-related inflammation and immune dysfunction. Several micronutrient deficiencies, including zinc deficiency, can drastically affect the risk of many chronic diseases and underscores the importance of adequate nutrition for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, 101 Milam Hall, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Carmen P Wong
- Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, 101 Milam Hall, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Janet C King
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
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4
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Yuan W, Xia D, Wu S, Zheng Y, Guan Z, Rau JV. A review on current research status of the surface modification of Zn-based biodegradable metals. Bioact Mater 2022; 7:192-216. [PMID: 34466727 PMCID: PMC8379348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, zinc and its alloys have been proposed as promising candidates for biodegradable metals (BMs), owning to their preferable corrosion behavior and acceptable biocompatibility in cardiovascular, bone and gastrointestinal environments, together with Mg-based and Fe-based BMs. However, there is the desire for surface treatment for Zn-based BMs to better control their biodegradation behavior. Firstly, the implantation of some Zn-based BMs in cardiovascular environment exhibited intimal activation with mild inflammation. Secondly, for orthopedic applications, the biodegradation rates of Zn-based BMs are relatively slow, resulting in a long-term retention after fulfilling their mission. Meanwhile, excessive Zn2+ release during degradation will cause in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo delayed osseointegration. In this review, we firstly summarized the current surface modification methods of Zn-based alloys for the industrial applications. Then we comprehensively summarized the recent progress of biomedical bulk Zn-based BMs as well as the corresponding surface modification strategies. Last but not least, the future perspectives towards the design of surface bio-functionalized coatings on Zn-based BMs for orthopedic and cardiovascular applications were also briefly proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dandan Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhenpeng Guan
- Orthopedics Department, Peking University Shougang Hospital, No. 9 Jinyuanzhuang Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Julietta V. Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133, Rome, Italy
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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5
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New Zn3Mg-xY Alloys: Characteristics, Microstructural Evolution and Corrosion Behavior. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102505. [PMID: 34066121 PMCID: PMC8150708 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zinc biodegradable alloys attracted an increased interest in the last few years in the medical field among Mg and Fe-based materials. Knowing that the Mg element has a strengthening influence on Zn alloys, we analyze the effect of the third element, namely, Y with expected results in mechanical properties improvement. Ternary ZnMgY samples were obtained through induction melting in Argon atmosphere from high purity (Zn, Mg, and Y) materials and MgY (70/30 wt%) master alloys with different percentages of Y and keeping the same percentage of Mg (3 wt%). The corrosion resistance and microhardness of ZnMgY alloys were compared with those of pure Zn and ZnMg binary alloy. Materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), linear and cyclic potentiometry, and immersion tests. All samples present generalized corrosion after immersion and electro-corrosion experiments in Dulbecco solution. The experimental results show an increase in microhardness and indentation Young Modulus following the addition of Y. The formation of YZn12 intermetallic phase elements with a more noble potential than pure Zinc is established. A correlation is obtained between the appearance of new Y phases and aggressive galvanic corrosion.
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Hernández MC, Rojas P, Carrasco F, Basfi-Fer K, Valenzuela R, Codoceo J, Inostroza J, Ruz M. Fatty acid desaturation in red blood cell membranes of patients with type 2 diabetes is improved by zinc supplementation. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126571. [PMID: 32534376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Membrane flexibility can be a determining factor in pathophysiological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes (T2D). As a cofactor of delta-5 desaturase (D5D) and delta-6 desaturase (D6D), and gene expression regulator, zinc may play a role modulating membrane flexibility by increasing membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) abundance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 24-month zinc supplementation (30 mg elemental zinc) on membrane fatty acid composition in patients with T2D. SUBJECTS/METHODS Sixty patients with T2D were evaluated. Thirty were randomly assigned to the zinc supplemented group and thirty to the placebo group. Fatty acid composition in red blood cell (RBC) membranes was determined by gas chromatography. Expression of gene encoding for D5D (FADS1), and D6D (FADS2) were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS After 24 months of supplementation, a greater abundance of docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5 n-3), arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6), adrenic acid (C22:4 n-6), and total n-6 PUFA was found (p = 0.001, p = 0.007, p = 0.033, p = 0.048, respectively). The unsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids ratio, and unsaturation index was increased in the zinc supplemented group at month 24 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.000, respectively). FADS1 gene was upregulated in the zinc group in relation to placebo at month 12 (p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with 30 mg/d elemental zinc during 24 months in patients with T2D had an effect on the composition of RBC membranes increasing PUFA abundance and in turn, improving membrane flexibility. This effect may be mediated by induction of D5D gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela Rojas
- From the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Carrasco
- From the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Basfi-Fer
- From the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- From the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juana Codoceo
- From the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Inostroza
- From the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Ruz
- From the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Vahidi Ferdowsi P, Ng R, Adulcikas J, Sohal SS, Myers S. Zinc Modulates Several Transcription-Factor Regulated Pathways in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E5098. [PMID: 33153045 PMCID: PMC7663025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential metal ion involved in many biological processes. Studies have shown that zinc can activate several molecules in the insulin signalling pathway and the concomitant uptake of glucose in skeletal muscle cells. However, there is limited information on other potential pathways that zinc can activate in skeletal muscle. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify other zinc-activating pathways in skeletal muscle cells to further delineate the role of this metal ion in cellular processes. Mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells were treated with insulin (10 nM), zinc (20 µM), and the zinc chelator TPEN (various concentrations) over 60 min. Western blots were performed for the zinc-activation of pAkt, pErk, and pCreb. A Cignal 45-Reporter Array that targets 45 signalling pathways was utilised to test the ability of zinc to activate pathways that have not yet been described. Zinc and insulin activated pAkt over 60 min as expected. Moreover, the treatment of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells with TPEN reduced the ability of zinc to activate pAkt and pErk. Zinc also activated several associated novel transcription factor pathways including Nrf1/Nrf2, ATF6, CREB, EGR1, STAT1, AP-1, PPAR, and TCF/LEF, and pCREB protein over 120 min of zinc treatment. These studies have shown that zinc's activity extends beyond that of insulin signalling and plays a role in modulating novel transcription factor activated pathways. Further studies to determine the exact role of zinc in the activation of transcription factor pathways will provide novel insights into this metal ion actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Myers
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham Campus, Launceston 7250, Australia; (P.V.F.); (R.N.); (J.A.); (S.S.S.)
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8
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Li H, Shen C, Ruan D, Liu X, Li X, Guo S, Guo Z. Microstructure, mechanical properties, and in vitro behavior of biodegradable Zn-1Mg-0.1Ca and Zn-1Mg-0.5Ca. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:88. [PMID: 33044713 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, wettability, haemocompatibility, and cytocompatibility of the as-cast and as-rolled biodegradable Zn-1Mg-0.1Ca and Zn-1Mg-0.5Ca have been systematically investigated to evaluate their feasibility as potential biodegradable materials. The results demonstrated that the Zn-1Mg-0.1Ca have significantly improved mechanical properties, with the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation of as-rolled Zn-1Mg-0.1Ca are (209.04 ± 28.31) MPa, (331.51 ± 40.06) MPa, and (35.43 ± 3.53)%, respectively. Wettability test results demonstrated that the Zn-1Mg-0.1Ca and Zn-1Mg-0.5Ca have hydrophilic surfaces that can enhance cell responses and tissue-implant interactions. The haemocompatibility evaluation showed that the hemolysis ratio of Zn-1Mg-0.1Ca have a low hemolysis ratio of 0.6%; the platelets remain sphere morphology and are not activated. High cell viability indicates the cytocompatibility of the as-rolled Zn-1Mg-0.1Ca alloy. The Zn-1Mg-0.1Ca alloy can be considered as new suitable biodegradable Zn-based alloys for further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dike Ruan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiwei Liu
- Lepu Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102200, China.
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuo Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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9
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Effects of Dietary Glucose and Fructose on Copper, Iron, and Zinc Metabolism Parameters in Humans. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092581. [PMID: 32854403 PMCID: PMC7551875 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of transition metal levels have been associated with obesity, hepatic steatosis, and metabolic syndrome in humans. Studies in animals indicate an association between dietary sugars and copper metabolism. Our group has conducted a study in which young adults consumed beverages sweetened with glucose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), or aspartame for two weeks and has reported that consumption of both fructose- and HFCS-sweetened beverages increased cardiovascular disease risk factors. Baseline and intervention serum samples from 107 participants of this study were measured for copper metabolism (copper, ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity, ceruloplasmin protein), zinc levels, and iron metabolism (iron, ferritin, and transferrin) parameters. Fructose and/or glucose consumption were associated with decreased ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity and serum copper and zinc concentrations. Ceruloplasmin protein levels did not change in response to intervention. The changes in copper concentrations were correlated with zinc, but not with iron. The decreases in copper, ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity, ferritin, and transferrin were inversely associated with the increases in metabolic risk factors associated with sugar consumption, specifically, apolipoprotein CIII, triglycerides, or post-meal glucose, insulin, and lactate responses. These findings are the first evidence that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages can alter clinical parameters of transition metal metabolism in healthy subjects.
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10
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Caloric Restriction-Common Pathways Affecting Metabolism, Health, and Longevity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071708. [PMID: 32708786 PMCID: PMC7407644 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is a traditional but scientifically verified approach to promoting health and increasing lifespan. CR exerts its effects through multiple molecular pathways that trigger major metabolic adaptations. It influences key nutrient and energy-sensing pathways including mammalian target of rapamycin, Sirtuin 1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and insulin signaling, ultimately resulting in reductions in basic metabolic rate, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as increased autophagy and mitochondrial efficiency. CR shares multiple overlapping pathways with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly in energy metabolism and inflammation. Consequently, several lines of evidence suggest that PPARs might be indispensable for beneficial outcomes related to CR. In this review, we present the available evidence for the interconnection between CR and PPARs, highlighting their shared pathways and analyzing their interaction. We also discuss the possible contributions of PPARs to the effects of CR on whole organism outcomes.
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11
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Redox Regulation of PPAR γ in Polarized Macrophages. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:8253831. [PMID: 32695149 PMCID: PMC7350077 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8253831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) is a central mediator of cellular lipid metabolism and immune cell responses during inflammation. This is facilitated by its role as a transcription factor as well as a DNA-independent protein interaction partner. We addressed how the cellular redox milieu in the cytosol and the nucleus of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-γ- (IFNγ-) and interleukin-4- (IL4-) polarized macrophages (MΦ) initiates posttranslational modifications of PPARγ, that in turn alter its protein function. Using the redox-sensitive GFP2 (roGFP2), we validated oxidizing and reducing conditions following classical and alternative activation of MΦ, while the redox status of PPARγ was determined via mass spectrometry. Cysteine residues located in the zinc finger regions (amino acid fragments AA 90-115, AA 116-130, and AA 160-167) of PPARγ were highly oxidized, accompanied by phosphorylation of serine 82 in response to LPS/IFNγ, whereas IL4-stimulation provoked minor serine 82 phosphorylation and less cysteine oxidation, favoring a reductive milieu. Mutating these cysteines to alanine to mimic a redox modification decreased PPARγ-dependent reporter gene transactivation supporting a functional shift of PPARγ associated with the MΦ phenotype. These data suggest distinct mechanisms for regulating PPARγ function based on the redox state of MΦ.
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Lu R, Ishikawa T, Tanaka M, Tsuboi T, Yokoyama S. Zinc Increases ABCA1 by Attenuating Its Clearance Through the Modulation of Calmodulin Activity. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 28:261-270. [PMID: 32581187 PMCID: PMC8049148 DOI: 10.5551/jat.55384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We previously revealed that Ca++-activated calmodulin binds to ABCA1 by the region near the PEST sequence and retards its calpain-mediated degradation to increase HDL biogenesis. Calmodulin activity is reportedly modulated also by other nutritional divalent cations; thus, we attempted to determine whether Zn++ is involved in the regulation of ABCA1 stability through the modulation of calmodulin activity. Methods: The effects of Zn++ on ABCA1 expression was investigated in J774 mouse macrophage cell-line cells and HepG2 human hepatoma cell-line cells. Results: Zn++ increased ABCA1 expression, not by increasing the mRNA but by attenuating its decay rate, more prominently in the presence of cAMP. Accordingly, it enhanced cell cholesterol release with extracellular apolipo-protein A-I. Calmodulin binding to ABCA1 was increased by Zn++ and Ca++. Zn++ suppressed calpain-mediated hydrolysis of the peptide of ABCA1 cytosolic loop, including the PEST sequence and the calmodulin-binding site, in a calmodulin-dependent fashion, in the presence of the minimum amount of Ca++ to activate calpain, but not calmodulin. Calpain activity was not directly inhibited by Zn++ at the concentration for enhancing calmodulin binding to ABCA1. Conclusion: Nutritional divalent cation Zn++ is involved in the regulation of ABCA1 activity and biogenesis of HDL through the modulation of calmodulin activity. The results were consistent with previous clinical findings that Zn++ increased plasma HDL in the conditions of sympathetic activation, such as type 2 diabetes and chronic hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences,Chubu University
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13
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Matrisciano F, Pinna G. PPAR and functional foods: Rationale for natural neurosteroid-based interventions for postpartum depression. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 12:100222. [PMID: 32426424 PMCID: PMC7226878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allopregnanolone, a GABAergic neurosteroid and progesterone derivative, was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD). Several mechanisms appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of PPD, including neuroendocrine dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter alterations, genetic and epigenetic modifications. Recent evidence highlights the higher risk for incidence of PPD in mothers exposed to unhealthy diets that negatively impact the microbiome composition and increase inflammation, all effects that are strongly correlated with mood disorders. Conversely, healthy diets have consistently been reported to decrease the risk of peripartum depression and to protect the body and brain against low-grade systemic chronic inflammation. Several bioactive micronutrients found in the so-called functional foods have been shown to play a relevant role in preventing neuroinflammation and depression, such as vitamins, minerals, omega-3 fatty acids and flavonoids. An intriguing molecular substrate linking functional foods with improvement of mood disorders may be represented by the peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) pathway, which can regulate allopregnanolone biosynthesis and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and thereby may reduce inflammation and elevate mood. Herein, we discuss the potential connection between functional foods and PPAR and their role in preventing neuroinflammation and symptoms of PPD through neurosteroid regulation. We suggest that healthy diets by targeting the PPAR-neurosteroid axis and thereby decreasing inflammation may offer a suitable functional strategy to prevent and safely alleviate mood symptoms during the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Matrisciano
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Shi Y, Zou Y, Shen Z, Xiong Y, Zhang W, Liu C, Chen S. Trace Elements, PPARs, and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2612. [PMID: 32283758 PMCID: PMC7177711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic derangements, including central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. The pathogenesis of MetS has been intensively studied, and now many factors are recognized to contribute to the development of MetS. Among these, trace elements influence the structure of proteins, enzymes, and complex carbohydrates, and thus an imbalance in trace elements is an independent risk factor for MetS. The molecular link between trace elements and metabolic homeostasis has been established, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have appeared as key regulators bridging these two elements. This is because on one hand, PPARs are actively involved in various metabolic processes, such as abdominal adiposity and insulin sensitivity, and on the other hand, PPARs sensitively respond to changes in trace elements. For example, an iron overload attenuates hepatic mRNA expression of Ppar-α; zinc supplementation is considered to recover the DNA-binding activity of PPAR-α, which is impaired in steatotic mouse liver; selenium administration downregulates mRNA expression of Ppar-γ, thereby improving lipid metabolism and oxidative status in the liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. More importantly, PPARs' expression and activity are under the control of the circadian clock and show a robust 24 h rhythmicity, which might be the reasons for the side effects and the clinical limitations of trace elements targeting PPARs. Taken together, understanding the casual relationships among trace elements, PPARs' actions, and the pathogenesis of MetS is of great importance. Further studies are required to explore the chronopharmacological effects of trace elements on the diurnal oscillation of PPARs and the consequent development of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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15
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Lin S, Ran X, Yan X, Wang Q, Zhou JG, Hu T, Wang G. Systematical evolution on a Zn-Mg alloy potentially developed for biodegradable cardiovascular stents. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:122. [PMID: 31677119 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the long-term side effects of permanent metallic stents, a new generation of cardiovascular stents called "biodegradable stents" is being extensively developed. Zinc has been considered as a promising candidate material for biodegradable cardiovascular stents due to its excellent biocompatibility and appropriate biodegradability. However, weak mechanical properties limit its further clinic application. In this study, hot extruded pure Zn and Zn-0.02 Mg alloy were prepared. Compared with pure Zn, Zn-0.02 Mg alloy showed more homogeneous microstructure, much smaller grain size and higher mechanical strength. Zn-0.02 Mg alloy presented uniform corrosion morphologies during the immersion process, and its corrosion rates was higher than that of pure Zn. Hemocompatibility results showed that the Zn-based alloy had extremely low hemolysis rate (0.74 ± 0.15%) and strong inhibitory effect on blood coagulation, platelet adhesion and aggregation. Zn-0.02 Mg alloy also exhibited excellent cytocompatibility. Its extracts could significantly promote the proliferation of endothelial cells. Moreover, the antibacterial activities of the Zn-based alloy were demonstrated by spread plate assay, live/dead viability assay and bacterial morphology observation. These results indicate that the extruded Zn-0.02 Mg alloy has a potential in biodegradable cardiovascular stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiaolin Ran
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xinhao Yan
- Xi'an Advanced Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jack G Zhou
- Xi'an Advanced Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Tingzhang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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16
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Zhou C, Li HF, Yin YX, Shi ZZ, Li T, Feng XY, Zhang JW, Song CX, Cui XS, Xu KL, Zhao YW, Hou WB, Lu ST, Liu G, Li MQ, Ma JY, Toft E, Volinsky AA, Wan M, Yao XJ, Wang CB, Yao K, Xu SK, Lu H, Chang SF, Ge JB, Wang LN, Zhang HJ. Long-term in vivo study of biodegradable Zn-Cu stent: A 2-year implantation evaluation in porcine coronary artery. Acta Biomater 2019; 97:657-670. [PMID: 31401346 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel biodegradable Zn-0.8Cu coronary artery stent was fabricated and implanted into porcine coronary arteries for up to 24 months. Micro-CT analysis showed that the implanted stent was able to maintain structural integrity after 6 months, while its disintegration occurred after 9 months of implantation. After 24 months of implantation, approximately 28 ± 13 vol% of the stent remained. Optical coherence tomography and histological analysis showed that the endothelialization process could be completed within the first month after implantation, and no inflammation responses or thrombosis formation was observed within 24 months. Cross-section analysis indicated that the subsequent degradation products had been removed in the abluminal direction, guaranteeing that the strut could be replaced by normal tissue without the risk of contaminating the circulatory system, causing neither thrombosis nor inflammation response. The present work demonstrates that the Zn-0.8Cu stent has provided sufficient structural supporting and exhibited an appropriate degradation rate during 24 months of implantation without degradation product accumulation, thrombosis, or inflammation response. The results indicate that the Zn-0.8Cu coronary artery stent is promising for further clinical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although Zn and its alloys have been considered to be potential candidates of biodegradable metals for vascular stent use, by far, no Zn-based stent with appropriate medical device performance has been reported because of the low mechanical properties of zinc. The present work presents promising results of a Zn-Cu biodegradable vascular stent in porcine coronary arteries. The Zn-Cu stent fabricated in this work demonstrated adequate medical device performance both in vitro and in vivo and degraded at a proper rate without safety problems induced. Furthermore, large animal models have more cardiovascular similarities as humans. Results of this study may provide further information of the Zn-based stents for translational medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China; National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic & Development Zone, Dezhou City, Shandong 251100, PR China
| | - Hua-Fang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yu-Xia Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic & Development Zone, Dezhou City, Shandong 251100, PR China
| | - Zhang-Zhi Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yi Feng
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic & Development Zone, Dezhou City, Shandong 251100, PR China
| | - Jun-Wei Zhang
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic & Development Zone, Dezhou City, Shandong 251100, PR China
| | - Cai-Xia Song
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic & Development Zone, Dezhou City, Shandong 251100, PR China
| | - Xiao-Shan Cui
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic & Development Zone, Dezhou City, Shandong 251100, PR China
| | - Kai-Li Xu
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic & Development Zone, Dezhou City, Shandong 251100, PR China
| | - Yan-Wei Zhao
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic & Development Zone, Dezhou City, Shandong 251100, PR China
| | - Wen-Bo Hou
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic & Development Zone, Dezhou City, Shandong 251100, PR China
| | - Shou-Tao Lu
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic & Development Zone, Dezhou City, Shandong 251100, PR China
| | - Guang Liu
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic & Development Zone, Dezhou City, Shandong 251100, PR China
| | - Mao-Quan Li
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Jian-Ying Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032 PR China
| | - Egon Toft
- Biomedical Research Center, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Shareh Jamiaa, Post Box 2716, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alex A Volinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Min Wan
- Shandong Quality Inspection Center for Medical Devices, No. 15166 Century Avenue, Jinan H-T Industrial Development Zone, Shandong 250101, PR China
| | - Xiu-Jun Yao
- Shandong Quality Inspection Center for Medical Devices, No. 15166 Century Avenue, Jinan H-T Industrial Development Zone, Shandong 250101, PR China
| | - Chang-Bin Wang
- Shandong Quality Inspection Center for Medical Devices, No. 15166 Century Avenue, Jinan H-T Industrial Development Zone, Shandong 250101, PR China
| | - Kang Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032 PR China
| | - Shi-Kun Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032 PR China
| | - Hao Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032 PR China
| | - Shu-Fu Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032 PR China
| | - Jun-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032 PR China.
| | - Lu-Ning Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China; National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic & Development Zone, Dezhou City, Shandong 251100, PR China; Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Niels Jernes Vej 10, Aalborg Ø 9220, Denmark.
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17
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Asghari S, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Alipoor E, Sehat M, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR. Effects of zinc supplementation on serum adiponectin concentration and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:20-25. [PMID: 31345359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that zinc is involved in insulin homeostasis. Adiponectin is a well-known adipokine with anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation on glycemic control, and the potential mediating role of adiponectin, in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 patients with diabetes, 30-60 years, were randomized to receive either 30 mg/d zinc (as zinc gluconate) or placebo for 12 weeks. Circulating levels of adiponectin, zinc, glucose homeostasis parameters, and lipid profiles, as well as anthropometric parameters and dietary intakes, were assessed. RESULTS About 53.3% of the patients had zinc insufficiency at baseline. Serum zinc levels improved significantly in the intervention than control group following 12 weeks supplementation (P < 0.001). Adiponectin (1.23 ± 2.23 μg/ml, P = 0.006) and insulin (3.6 ± 4.66 μIU/ml, P = 0.001) levels increased significantly compared to baseline in the zinc group; but this change was not significant compared with the control group. Following supplementation, there were no significant differences in glycemic control and anthropometric parameters between the two groups. Serum HDL levels increased significantly in the zinc (5.37 ± 14.8 mg/dl) compared to control (-1.53 ± 6.9 mg/dl) group following supplementation (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION Despite a significant increase in serum zinc level, no improvement was observed in glycemic control, following 12 weeks supplementation with 30 mg/d zinc (as zinc gluconate). Zinc supplementation restored adiponectin concentrations partly within the intervention group, and increased HDL levels compared to the control group. The current findings did not support improvement in glucose homeostasis following zinc supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes under the present study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Asghari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center (CPPRC), Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Elham Alipoor
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sehat
- Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Long T, Wang R, Wang J, Wang F, Xu Y, Wei Y, Zhou L, Zhang X, Yuan J, Yao P, Wei S, Guo H, Yang H, Wu T, He M. Plasma metals and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:497-506. [PMID: 31158596 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metals exposure from natural environment and pollution have been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, whether associations existing between plasma multiple metals and incident cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unknown. OBJECTIVES We conducted a prospective cohort study to investigate whether plasma levels of metals are associated with incident CVD risk in patients with T2D. METHODS In a prospective study of 3897 type 2 diabetes embedded in the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort, fasting blood samples were collected in 2008 at baseline and in 2013 in the first follow-up period. Plasma concentrations of 23 metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The associations between plasma metal concentrations and CVD risk in patients with T2D were investigated with Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During an average of 6.2 years follow-up, 1114 participants developed CVD. In the single-metal models adjusting for established cardiovascular risk factors, plasma zinc and selenium levels were negatively and strontium was positively associated with incident CVD risk in patients with T2D. Similar results were obtained in the multiple-metal model, the HRs (95% CIs) for zinc, selenium, and strontium comparing extreme quartiles were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65-0.93; P trend = 0.011), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64-0.91; P trend = 0.001), and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.26-1.81; P trend <0.001), respectively. In the joint association analyses of two metals, individuals with high plasma levels of zinc and selenium had significantly lower risk of incident CVD in patients with T2D than those with low levels (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.65-0.91). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that plasma levels of zinc and selenium had an inverse association with incident CVD risk in patients with T2D, while strontium had a positive correlation. Plasma zinc and selenium combinedly decreased incident CVD risk in patients with T2D. Further research is still needed to verify these findings in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruixin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Preventive Medicine in School of Public Health and Management and Center for Environment and Health in Water Source Area of South to North Water Diversion, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lue Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongfeng Central Hospital, Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Prasad AS, Bao B. Molecular Mechanisms of Zinc as a Pro-Antioxidant Mediator: Clinical Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060164. [PMID: 31174269 PMCID: PMC6617024 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The essentiality of zinc as a trace mineral in human health has been recognized for over five decades. Zinc deficiency, caused by diet, genetic defects, or diseases, can cause growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, depressed immune response, and abnormal cognitive functions in humans. Zinc supplementation in zinc-deficient individuals can overcome or attenuate these abnormalities, suggesting zinc is an essential micro-nutrient in the body. A large number of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies indicate that zinc deficiency also causes apoptosis, cellular dysfunction, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and depressed immune response. Oxidative stress, due to the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification in the anti-oxidant defense system of the body, along with subsequent chronic inflammation, is believed to be associated with many chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes, heart diseases, cancers, alcohol-related disease, macular degenerative disease, and neuro-pathogenesis. A large number of experimental studies including cell culture, animal, and human clinical studies have provided supportive evidence showing that zinc acts as an anti-oxidative stress agent by inhibition of oxidation of macro-molecules such as (DNA)/ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins as well as inhibition of inflammatory response, eventually resulting in the down-regulation of (ROS) production and the improvement of human health. In this article, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms of zinc as an anti-oxidative stress agent or mediator in the body. We will also discuss the applications of zinc supplementation as an anti-oxidative stress agent or mediator in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda S Prasad
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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20
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Rahman S, Rehman MT, Rabbani G, Khan P, AlAjmi MF, Hassan MI, Muteeb G, Kim J. Insight of the Interaction between 2,4-thiazolidinedione and Human Serum Albumin: A Spectroscopic, Thermodynamic and Molecular Docking Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2727. [PMID: 31163649 PMCID: PMC6600547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinedione derivatives (TZDs) have attracted attention because of their pharmacological effects. For example, certain TZDs have been reported to ameliorate type II diabetes by binding and activating PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors). Nonetheless, no information is available on the interaction between the heterocyclic 2, 4-thiazolidinedione (2,4-TZD) moiety and serum albumin, which could affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TZDs. In this study, we investigated the binding of 2,4-TZD to human serum albumin (HSA). Intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a 1:1 binding stoichiometry between 2,4-TZD and HSA with a binding constant (Kb) of 1.69 ± 0.15 × 103 M-1 at 298 K. Isothermal titration calorimetry studies showed that 2,4-TZD/HSA binding was an exothermic and spontaneous reaction. Molecular docking analysis revealed that 2,4-TZD binds to HSA subdomain IB and that the complex formed is stabilized by van der Waal's interactions and hydrogen bonds. Molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the stability of the HSA-TZD complex. Further, circular dichroism and 3D fluorescence studies showed that the global conformation of HSA was slightly altered by 2,4-TZD binding, enhancing its stability. The results obtained herein further help in understanding the pharmacokinetic properties of thiazolidinedione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea.
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gulam Rabbani
- Nano Diagnostics; Devices (NDD), Room B-312 IT, Medical Fusion Center, Gumidae-ro, 350-27, Gumi-si, Gyeongbuk 39253, Korea.
| | - Parvez Khan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Mohamed F AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Ghazala Muteeb
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, 31982 Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea.
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21
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Abstract
Zinc(II) ions are redox-inert in biology. Yet, their interaction with sulfur of cysteine in cellular proteins can confer ligand-centered redox activity on zinc coordination sites, control protein functions, and generate signalling zinc ions as potent effectors of many cellular processes. The specificity and relative high affinity of binding sites for zinc allow regulation in redox biology, free radical biology, and the biology of reactive species. Understanding the role of zinc in these areas of biology requires an understanding of how cellular Zn2+ is homeostatically controlled and can serve as a regulatory ion in addition to Ca2+, albeit at much lower concentrations. A rather complex system of dozens of transporters and metallothioneins buffer the relatively high (hundreds of micromolar) total cellular zinc concentrations in such a way that the available zinc ion concentrations are only picomolar but can fluctuate in signalling. The proteins targeted by Zn2+ transients include enzymes controlling phosphorylation and redox signalling pathways. Networks of regulatory functions of zinc integrate gene expression and metabolic and signalling pathways at several hierarchical levels. They affect enzymatic catalysis, protein structure and protein-protein/biomolecular interactions and add to the already impressive number of catalytic and structural functions of zinc in an estimated three thousand human zinc proteins. The effects of zinc on redox biology have adduced evidence that zinc is an antioxidant. Without further qualifications, this notion is misleading and prevents a true understanding of the roles of zinc in biology. Its antioxidant-like effects are indirect and expressed only in certain conditions because a lack of zinc and too much zinc have pro-oxidant effects. Teasing apart these functions based on quantitative considerations of homeostatic control of cellular zinc is critical because opposite consequences are observed depending on the concentrations of zinc: pro- or anti-apoptotic, pro- or anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective or cytotoxic. The article provides a biochemical basis for the links between redox and zinc biology and discusses why zinc has pleiotropic functions. Perturbation of zinc metabolism is a consequence of conditions of redox stress. Zinc deficiency, either nutritional or conditioned, and cellular zinc overload cause oxidative stress. Thus, there is causation in the relationship between zinc metabolism and the many diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Maret
- Metal Metabolism Group, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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22
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Ghatge M, Nair J, Sharma A, Vangala RK. Integrative gene ontology and network analysis of coronary artery disease associated genes suggests potential role of ErbB pathway gene EGFR. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4253-4264. [PMID: 29328373 PMCID: PMC5802197 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of mortality in India, more importantly the young Indians. Combinatorial and integrative approaches to evaluate pathways and genes to gain an improved understanding and potential biomarkers for risk assessment are required. Therefore, 608 genes from the CADgene database version 2.0, classified into 12 functional classes representing the atherosclerotic disease process, were analyzed. Homology analysis of the unique list of gene ontologies (GO) from each functional class gave 8 GO terms represented in 11 and 10 functional classes. Using disease ontology analysis 80 genes belonging to 8 GO terms, using FunDO suggested that 29 of them were identified to be associated with CAD. Extended network analysis of these genes using STRING version 9.1 gave 328 nodes and 4,525 interactions of which the top 5% had a node degree of ≥75 associated with pathways including the ErbB signaling pathway with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene as the central hub. Evaluation of EFGR protein levels in age and gender-matched 342 CAD patients vs. 342 control subjects demonstrated significant differences [controls=149.76±2.47 pg/ml and CAD patients stratified into stable angina (SA)=161.65±3.40 pg/ml and myocardial infarction (MI)=171.51±4.26 pg/ml]. Logistic regression analysis suggested that increased EGFR levels exhibit 3-fold higher risk of CAD [odds ratio (OR) 3.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.96–6.28, P≤0.001], upon adjustment for hypertension, diabetes and smoking. A unit increase in EGFR levels increased the risk by 2-fold for SA (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.25–5.33, P=0.01) and 3.8-fold for MI (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.94–7.52, P≤0.001) following adjustment. Thus, the use of ontology mapping and network analysis in an integrative manner aids in the prioritization of biomarkers of complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madankumar Ghatge
- Tata Proteomics and Coagulation Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Jiny Nair
- Mary and Garry Weston Functional Genomics Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Rajani Kanth Vangala
- Tata Proteomics and Coagulation Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
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23
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Yang H, Wang C, Liu C, Chen H, Wu Y, Han J, Jia Z, Lin W, Zhang D, Li W, Yuan W, Guo H, Li H, Yang G, Kong D, Zhu D, Takashima K, Ruan L, Nie J, Li X, Zheng Y. Evolution of the degradation mechanism of pure zinc stent in the one-year study of rabbit abdominal aorta model. Biomaterials 2017; 145:92-105. [PMID: 28858721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, pure zinc stents were implanted into the abdominal aorta of rabbits for 12 months. Multiscale analysis including micro-CT, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and histological stainings was performed to reveal the fundamental degradation mechanism of the pure zinc stent and its biocompatibility. The pure zinc stent was able to maintain mechanical integrity for 6 months and degraded 41.75 ± 29.72% of stent volume after 12 months implantation. No severe inflammation, platelet aggregation, thrombosis formation or obvious intimal hyperplasia was observed at all time points after implantation. The degradation of the zinc stent played a beneficial role in the artery remodeling and healing process. The evolution of the degradation mechanism of pure zinc stents with time was revealed as follows: Before endothelialization, dynamic blood flow dominated the degradation of pure zinc stent, creating a uniform corrosion mode; After endothelialization, the degradation of pure zinc stent depended on the diffusion of water molecules, hydrophilic solutes and ions which led to localized corrosion. Zinc phosphate generated in blood flow transformed into zinc oxide and small amounts of calcium phosphate during the conversion of degradation microenvironment. The favorable physiological degradation behavior makes zinc a promising candidate for future stent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chaoqiang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Houwen Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jintao Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zichang Jia
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenjiao Lin
- R&D Center, Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co Ltd, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Deyuan Zhang
- R&D Center, Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co Ltd, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huafang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Deling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
| | - Kazuki Takashima
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Liqun Ruan
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto-shi, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Jianfeng Nie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
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24
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Knez M, Graham RD, Welch RM, Stangoulis JCR. New perspectives on the regulation of iron absorption via cellular zinc concentrations in humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2128-2143. [PMID: 26177050 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1050483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency, affecting more than 30% of the total world's population. It is a major public health problem in many countries around the world. Over the years various methods have been used with an effort to try and control iron-deficiency anemia. However, there has only been a marginal reduction in the global prevalence of anemia. Why is this so? Iron and zinc are essential trace elements for humans. These metals influence the transport and absorption of one another across the enterocytes and hepatocytes, due to similar ionic properties. This paper describes the structure and roles of major iron and zinc transport proteins, clarifies iron-zinc interactions at these sites, and provides a model for the mechanism of these interactions both at the local and systemic level. This review provides evidence that much of the massive extent of iron deficiency anemia in the world may be due to an underlying deficiency of zinc. It explains the reasons for predominance of cellular zinc status in determination of iron/zinc interactions and for the first time thoroughly explains mechanisms by which zinc brings about these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Knez
- a School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Robin D Graham
- a School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Ross M Welch
- b USDA/ARS, Robert W. Holley Centre for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University , Ithaca , New York , USA
| | - James C R Stangoulis
- a School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
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25
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Garić D, De Sanctis JB, Wojewodka G, Houle D, Cupri S, Abu-Arish A, Hanrahan JW, Hajduch M, Matouk E, Radzioch D. Fenretinide differentially modulates the levels of long- and very long-chain ceramides by downregulating Cers5 enzyme: evidence from bench to bedside. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1053-1064. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Song ZX, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Wu P, Jiang J, Zhou XQ, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Feng L. Dietary zinc deficiency reduced growth performance, intestinal immune and physical barrier functions related to NF-κB, TOR, Nrf2, JNK and MLCK signaling pathway of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:497-523. [PMID: 28549941 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our study investigated the effects of dietary zinc (Zn) deficiency on growth performance, intestinal immune and physical barrier functions of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 630 grass carp (244.14 ± 0.40 g) were fed graded levels of zinc lactate (10.71, 30.21, 49.84, 72.31, 92.56, 110.78 mg Zn/kg diet) and one zinc sulfate group (56.9 mg Zn/kg diet) for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. These results indicated that compared with optimal dietary Zn level, dietary Zn deficiency (10.71 mg/kg diet) decreased the production of antibacterial compounds, up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines related to nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and down-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines related to target of rapamycin (TOR) in three intestinal segments of young grass carp (P < 0.05), suggesting that dietary Zn deficiency could impair intestinal immune barrier of fish; decreased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes related to NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), up-regulated the mRNA levels of caspase-3, -7, -8, -9 related to p38 mitogen activated protein (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), down-regulated the mRNA levels of tight junction complexes (TJs) related to myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in three intestinal segments of young grass carp (P < 0.05), demonstrating that dietary Zn deficiency could injury intestinal physical barrier of fish. Besides, the Zn requirements (zinc lactate as Zn source) based on percent weight gain (PWG), against enteritis morbidity, acid phosphatase (ACP) activity in the proximal intestine (PI) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the PI of young grass carp was estimated to be 61.2, 61.4, 69.2 and 69.5 mg/kg diet, respectively. Finally, based on specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and against enteritis morbidity of young grass carp, the efficacy of zinc lactate relative to zinc sulfate were 132.59%, 135.27% and 154.04%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xing Song
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China.
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27
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Maxel T, Svendsen PF, Smidt K, Lauridsen JK, Brock B, Pedersen SB, Rungby J, Larsen A. Expression Patterns and Correlations with Metabolic Markers of Zinc Transporters ZIP14 and ZNT1 in Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:38. [PMID: 28303117 PMCID: PMC5332389 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with infertility, increased androgen levels, and insulin resistance. In adipose tissue, zinc facilitates insulin signaling. Circulating zinc levels are altered in obesity, diabetes, and PCOS; and zinc supplementation can ameliorate metabolic disturbances in PCOS. In adipose tissue, expression of zinc influx transporter ZIP14 varies with body mass index (BMI), clinical markers of metabolic syndrome, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). In this study, we investigated expression levels of ZIP14 and PPARG in subcutaneous adipose tissue of 36 PCOS women (17 lean and 19 obese women) compared with 23 healthy controls (7 lean and 16 obese women). Further, expression levels of zinc transporter ZIP9, a recently identified androgen receptor, and zinc efflux transporter ZNT1 were investigated, alongside lipid profile and markers of glucose metabolism [insulin degrading enzyme, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)]. We find that ZIP14 expression is reduced in obesity and positively correlates with PPARG expression, which is downregulated with increasing BMI. ZNT1 is upregulated in obesity, and both ZIP14 and ZNT1 expression significantly correlates with clinical markers of altered glucose metabolism. In addition, RBP4 and GLUT4 associate with obesity, but an association with PCOS as such was present only for PPARG and RBP4. ZIP14 and ZNT1 does not relate to clinical androgen status and ZIP9 is unaffected by all parameters investigated. In conclusion, our findings support the existence of a zinc dyshomeostasis in adipose tissue in metabolic disturbances including PCOS-related obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Maxel
- Faculty of Health, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pernille Fog Svendsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kamille Smidt
- Faculty of Health, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Birgitte Brock
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønlykke Pedersen
- Faculty of Health, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology (MEA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Faculty of Health, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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28
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Heidarzadeh Z, Samimi M, Seifati SM, Ashkezari MD, Ahmadi S, Mahmoodi S, Aghadavod E, Jamilian M, Asemi Z. The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Expressed Levels of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and Glucose Transporter Type 1 Genes in Newborns of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:271-277. [PMID: 27334434 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to determine the beneficial effects of zinc supplementation on expressed levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) genes in newborns of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed among 40 women with GDM. Patients were randomly allocated to intake either 233 mg zinc gluconate (containing 30 mg zinc) (n = 20) or a placebo (n = 20) for 6 weeks. PPAR-γ and GLUT1 mRNA levels were quantified in umbilical cord blood of newborns of women with GDM. After 6 weeks of intervention, the change in serum zinc levels was greater in women consuming zinc than in the placebo group (+11.1 ± 13.4 vs. -4.8 ± 17.3 mg/dL, P = 0.002). Quantitative results of RT-PCR demonstrated that compared with the placebo, zinc supplementation resulted in a significant increase of expressed levels of PPAR-γ mRNA (P < 0.001) and GLUT1 mRNA (P < 0.001) in umbilical cord blood of newborns of women with GDM. Taken together, the current study demonstrated that zinc supplementation for 6 weeks among GDM women increased the mRNA levels of PPAR-γ and GLUT1 in their newborns compared with the placebo group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidarzadeh
- Department of Biology, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Samimi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Seyed Morteza Seifati
- Department of Biology, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Shahnaz Ahmadi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mahmoodi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehri Jamilian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Present address: Department of Nutrition, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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29
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Bodiga VL, Inapurapu SP, Vemuri PK, Kudle MR, Bodiga S. Intracellular zinc status influences cisplatin-induced endothelial permeability through modulation of PKCα, NF-κB and ICAM-1 expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:355-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Troche C, Aydemir TB, Cousins RJ. Zinc transporter Slc39a14 regulates inflammatory signaling associated with hypertrophic adiposity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E258-68. [PMID: 26646099 PMCID: PMC4971811 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00421.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a signaling molecule in numerous metabolic pathways, the coordination of which occurs through activity of zinc transporters. The expression of zinc transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14), a zinc importer of the solute carrier 39 family, is stimulated under proinflammatory conditions. Adipose tissue upregulates Zip14 during lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. A null mutation of Zip14 (KO) revealed that phenotypic changes in adipose include increased cytokine production, increased plasma leptin, hypertrophied adipocytes, and dampened insulin signaling. Adipose tissue from KO mice had increased levels of preadipocyte markers, lower expression of the differentiation marker (PPARγ), and activation of NF-κB and STAT3 pathways. Our overall hypothesis was that ZIP14 would play a role in adipocyte differentiation and inflammatory obesity. Global Zip14 KO causes systemic endotoxemia. The observed metabolic changes in adipose metabolism were reversed when oral antibiotics were administrated, indicating that circulating levels of endotoxin were in part responsible for the adipose phenotype. To evaluate a mechanism, 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated into adipocytes and treated with siRNA to knock down Zip14. These cells had an impaired ability to mobilize zinc, which caused dysregulation of inflammatory pathways (JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB). The Zip14 deletion may limit the availability of intracellular zinc, yielding the unique phenotype of inflammation coupled with hypertrophy. Taken together, these results suggest that aberrant zinc distribution observed with Zip14 ablation impacts adipose cytokine production and metabolism, ultimately increasing fat deposition when exposed to endotoxin. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation into the mechanistic role of ZIP14 in adipose tissue regulation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Troche
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Tolunay Beker Aydemir
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Robert J Cousins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Lee SR, Noh SJ, Pronto JR, Jeong YJ, Kim HK, Song IS, Xu Z, Kwon HY, Kang SC, Sohn EH, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Kim N, Han J. The Critical Roles of Zinc: Beyond Impact on Myocardial Signaling. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:389-99. [PMID: 26330751 PMCID: PMC4553398 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.5.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc has been considered as a vital constituent of proteins, including enzymes. Mobile reactive zinc (Zn(2+)) is the key form of zinc involved in signal transductions, which are mainly driven by its binding to proteins or the release of zinc from proteins, possibly via a redox switch. There has been growing evidence of zinc's critical role in cell signaling, due to its flexible coordination geometry and rapid shifts in protein conformation to perform biological reactions. The importance and complexity of Zn(2+) activity has been presumed to parallel the degree of calcium's participation in cellular processes. Whole body and cellular Zn(2+) levels are largely regulated by metallothioneins (MTs), Zn(2+) importers (ZIPs), and Zn(2+) transporters (ZnTs). Numerous proteins involved in signaling pathways, mitochondrial metabolism, and ion channels that play a pivotal role in controlling cardiac contractility are common targets of Zn(2+). However, these regulatory actions of Zn(2+) are not limited to the function of the heart, but also extend to numerous other organ systems, such as the central nervous system, immune system, cardiovascular tissue, and secretory glands, such as the pancreas, prostate, and mammary glands. In this review, the regulation of cellular Zn(2+) levels, Zn(2+)-mediated signal transduction, impacts of Zn(2+) on ion channels and mitochondrial metabolism, and finally, the implications of Zn(2+) in health and disease development were outlined to help widen the current understanding of the versatile and complex roles of Zn(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Su Jin Noh
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Inje University, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Julius Ryan Pronto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Inje University, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Inje University, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - In Sung Song
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tainjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medio-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 336-745, Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Sohn
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 245-711, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
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Functional role of inorganic trace elements in angiogenesis-Part II: Cr, Si, Zn, Cu, and S. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:143-55. [PMID: 26088455 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace elements play critical roles in angiogenesis events. The effects of nitrogen, iron, selenium, phosphorus, gold, and calcium were discussed in part I. In part II, we evaluated the effect of chromium, silicon, zinc, copper, and sulfur on different aspects of angiogenesis, with critical roles in healing and regeneration processes, and undeniable roles in tumor growth and cancer therapy. This review is the second of series that serves as an overview of the role of inorganic elements in regulation of angiogenesis and vascular function. The methods of exposure, structure, mechanism, and potential activity of these trace elements are briefly discussed. An electronic search was performed on the role of these trace elements in angiogenesis from January 2005 to April 2014. The recent aspects of the relationship between five different trace elements and their role in regulation of angiogenesis, and homeostasis of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors were assessed. Many studies have investigated the effects and importance of these elements in angiogenesis events. Both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on angiogenesis are observed for the evaluated elements. Chromium can promote angiogenesis in pathological manners. Silicon as silica nanoparticles is anti-angiogenic, while in calcium silicate extracts and bioactive silicate glasses promote angiogenesis. Zinc is an anti-angiogenic agent acting on important genes and growth factors. Copper and sulfur compositions have pro-angiogenic functions by activating pro-angiogenic growth factors and promoting endothelial cells migration, growth, and tube formation. Thus, utilization of these elements may provide a unique opportunity to modulate angiogenesis under various setting.
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Jurowski K, Szewczyk B, Nowak G, Piekoszewski W. Biological consequences of zinc deficiency in the pathomechanisms of selected diseases. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:1069-79. [PMID: 24748223 PMCID: PMC4175048 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
From many points of view, zinc is one of the most important trace elements in biological systems. Many articles describe the well-known role of this metal in human physiology and pathophysiology, but in the related literature, there is a lack of current and reliable reviews of the role of zinc deficiency in many diseases. In this article, we describe the role of zinc deficiency in the oxidative stress control, immune response, proliferation, and pathogenesis and pathophysiology of selected diseases such as depression, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and Wilson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jurowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
- Malopolska Centre for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Gabriel Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
- Laboratory of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Regional Laboratory of Physicochemical Analysis and Structural Research, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Zhang HB, Wang MS, Wang ZS, Zhou AM, Zhang XM, Dong XW, Peng QH. Supplementation dietary zinc levels on growth performance, carcass traits, and intramuscular fat deposition in weaned piglets. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 161:69-77. [PMID: 25048402 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate dietary zinc (Zn) levels on growth performance, carcass traits, and intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in weaned piglets. Sixty piglets were randomly divided into five groups, as follows: control (basal diet), Zn250, Zn380, Zn570, and Zn760 with supplementation of 250, 380, 570, and 760 mg Zn/kg of the basal diet, respectively. The final weight, average daily gain (ADG), gain/feed (G/F), lean meat percentage, fat meat percentage, lean eye area, backfat thickness, and IMF content were dose-dependently increased in all groups of Zn treatment. The serum total triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) were significantly higher in all Zn treatments than in the control. The enzyme activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were markedly higher, while enzyme activities of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) were significantly lower in all Zn treatments than in the control. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), FAS, ACC, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), LPL, and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) were significantly higher, while the mRNA levels of CPT-1 and HSL were significantly lower in all Zn treatments compared with the control. These results indicated that high levels of Zn increased IMF accumulation by up-regulating intramuscular lipogenic and fatty acid transport gene expression and enzyme activities while down-regulating lipolytic gene expression and enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
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35
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Liu MJ, Bao S, Bolin ER, Burris DL, Xu X, Sun Q, Killilea DW, Shen Q, Ziouzenkova O, Belury MA, Failla ML, Knoell DL. Zinc deficiency augments leptin production and exacerbates macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr 2013; 143:1036-45. [PMID: 23700340 PMCID: PMC3681543 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.175158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency and obesity are global public health problems. Zn deficiency is associated with obesity and comorbid conditions that include insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, the function of Zn in obesity remains unclear. Using a mouse model of combined high-fat and low-Zn intake (0.5-1.5 mg/kg), we investigated whether Zn deficiency exacerbates the extent of adiposity as well as perturbations in metabolic and immune function. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to receive either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a control (C) diet for 6 wk, followed by further subdivision into 2 additional groups fed Zn-deficient diets (C-Zn, HFD-Zn), along with a C diet and an HFD, for 3 wk (n = 8-9 mice/group). The extent of visceral fat, insulin resistance, or systemic inflammation was unaffected by Zn deficiency. Strikingly, Zn deficiency significantly augmented circulating leptin concentrations (HFD-Zn vs. HFD: 3.15 ± 0.16 vs. 2.59 ± 0.12 μg/L, respectively) and leptin signaling in the liver of obese mice. Furthermore, gene expression of macrophage-specific markers ADAM8 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 8) and CD68 (cluster of differentiation 68) was significantly greater in adipose tissue in the HFD-Zn group than in the HFD group, as confirmed by CD68 protein analysis, indicative of increased macrophage infiltration. Inspection of Zn content and mRNA profiles of all Zn transporters in the adipose tissue revealed alterations of Zn metabolism to obesity and Zn deficiency. Our results demonstrate that Zn deficiency increases leptin production and exacerbates macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue in obese mice, indicating the importance of Zn in metabolic and immune dysregulation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | | | | | | | - Xiaohua Xu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health
| | - David W. Killilea
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Qiwen Shen
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Education and Human Ecology; and
| | | | - Martha A. Belury
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Education and Human Ecology; and
| | - Mark L. Failla
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Education and Human Ecology; and
| | - Daren L. Knoell
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute,Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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36
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Zhang X, Wang J, Fan Y, Yang L, Wang L, Ma J. Zinc supplementation attenuates high glucose-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:229-35. [PMID: 22639383 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) plays an important role in preventing many types of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-driven fibrosis in vivo. But its function in the EMT of the peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) remains unknown. Here, we studied the Zn effect on the high glucose (HG)-induced EMT in the rat PMCs (RPMCs) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that Zn supplementation significantly inhibited TGF-β1 and ROS production, and attenuated the HG-induced EMT in the RPMCs, likely through inhibition of MAPK, NF-κB, and TGF-β/Smad pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155th Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
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Beattie JH, Gordon MJ, Duthie SJ, McNeil CJ, Horgan GW, Nixon GF, Feldmann J, Kwun IS. Suboptimal dietary zinc intake promotes vascular inflammation and atherogenesis in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1097-105. [PMID: 22760982 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Cardiovascular health is strongly influenced by diet. Zinc has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but its long-term influence on vascular health at dietary intake levels relevant to the human population in developed countries has not been studied. We investigated the influence of suboptimal zinc intake in a Western-type diet on the development of vascular inflammation and arterial plaque in apoE knock-out (AEKO) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Weanling AEKO and wild-type (WT) controls were given high saturated fat (21% w/w) and high cholesterol (0.15%) semi-synthetic diets containing 3 or 35 mg Zn/kg (AEKO and WT) or 8 mg Zn/kg (AEKO only) for over 6 months. AEKO mice on zinc intakes of 3 and 8 mg Zn/kg (suboptimal zinc) developed significantly (p < 0.05) more aortic plaque than AEKO mice consuming 35 mg Zn/kg (adequate zinc). Circulating levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 were significantly (p < 0.05) raised at the lowest zinc intake in AEKO mice, as compared to zinc-adequate controls. Plasma total cholesterol and total protein were also significantly (p < 0.05) increased at the lowest zinc intake. CONCLUSION We propose that suboptimal dietary zinc intake raises circulating pro-atherogenic lipoprotein levels that promote vascular inflammation and enhance arterial plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Beattie
- Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
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38
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Wu YV, Okada T, DeCarolis P, Socci N, O'Connor R, Geha RC, Joy Somberg C, Antonescu C, Singer S. Restoration of C/EBPα in dedifferentiated liposarcoma induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 51:313-27. [PMID: 22170698 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.21917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) represent the most common biological group of liposarcoma, and there is a pressing need to develop targeted therapies for patients with advanced disease. To identify potential therapeutic targets, we sought to identify differences in the adipogenic pathways between DDLS, WDLS, and normal adipose tissue. In a microarray analysis of DDLS (n = 84), WDLS (n = 79), and normal fat (n = 23), C/EBPα, a transcription factor involved in cell cycle regulation and differentiation, was underexpressed in DDLS when compared to both WDLS and normal fat (15.2- and 27.8-fold, respectively). In normal adipose-derived stem cells, C/EBPα expression was strongly induced when cells were cultured in differentiation media, but in three DDLS cell lines, this induction was nearly absent. We restored C/EBPα expression in one of the cell lines (DDLS8817) by transfection of an inducible C/EBPα expression vector. Inducing C/EBPα expression reduced proliferation and caused cells to accumulate in G2/M. Under differentiation conditions, the cell proliferation was reduced further, and 66% of the DDLS cells containing the inducible C/EBPα expression vector underwent apoptosis as demonstrated by annexin V staining. These cells in differentiation conditions expressed early adipocyte-specific mRNAs such as LPL and FABP4, but they failed to accumulate intracellular lipid droplets, a characteristic of mature adipocytes. These results demonstrate that loss of C/EBPα is an important factor in suppressing apoptosis and maintaining the dedifferentiated state in DDLS. Restoring C/EBPα may be a useful therapeutic approach for DDLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhsin V Wu
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sarcoma Disease Management Program, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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39
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He K, Chen Z, Ma Y, Pan Y. Identification of high-copper-responsive target pathways in Atp7b knockout mouse liver by GSEA on microarray data sets. Mamm Genome 2011; 22:703-13. [PMID: 21997183 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-011-9359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kan He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Peoples' Republic of China.
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Little PJ, Bhattacharya R, Moreyra AE, Korichneva IL. Zinc and cardiovascular disease. Nutrition 2011; 26:1050-7. [PMID: 20950764 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a vital element in maintaining the normal structure and physiology of cells. The fact that it has an important role in states of cardiovascular diseases has been studied and described by several research groups. It appears to have protective effects in coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy. Intracellular zinc plays a critical role in the redox signaling pathway, whereby certain triggers such as ischemia and infarction lead to release of zinc from proteins and cause myocardial damage. In such states, replenishing with zinc has been shown to improve cardiac function and prevent further damage. Thus, the area of zinc homeostasis is emerging in cardiovascular disease research. The goal of this report is to review the current knowledge and suggest further avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Little
- Diabetes and Cell Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lee YH, Lee NH, Bhattarai G, Yun JS, Kim TI, Jhee EC, Yi HK. PPARγ inhibits inflammatory reaction in oxidative stress induced human diploid fibloblast. Cell Biochem Funct 2010; 28:490-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Biaggio VS, Pérez Chaca MV, Valdéz SR, Gómez NN, Gimenez MS. Alteration in the expression of inflammatory parameters as a result of oxidative stress produced by moderate zinc deficiency in rat lung. Exp Lung Res 2010; 36:31-44. [PMID: 20128680 DOI: 10.3109/01902140903061787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Suboptimal intake of dietary zinc (Zn) is one of the most common nutritional problems worldwide. Previously, the authors have shown that zinc deficiency (ZD) produces oxidative and nitrosative stress in lung of male rats. The goal of this study is to test the effect of moderate ZD on insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-5, NADH oxidase (NOX)-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), as well as the effect of restoring zinc during the refeeding period. Adult male rats were divided into 3 groups: Zn-adequate control group, Zn-deficient group, and Zn-refeeding group. eNOS, metallothionein (MT) II, and NOX-2 was increased in ZD group. The authors observed an increased gene transcription of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 and gluthathione peroxidase (GPx)-1 in ZD group, as well as in ZD-refeeding group, but catalase (CAT) transcription did not change in the treated groups. Proinflammatory factors, such as TNFalpha and vascular cell adhesion molecular (VCAM)-1 increased in ZD, whereas it decreased in ZD refeeding. However, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and IGF-1 gene transcription decreased in ZD, whereas IGFBP-5 decreased in the ZD group. These parameters are associated to alterations in the lung histoarchitecture. The zinc supplementation period is brief (only 10 days), but it is enough to inhibit some proinflammatory factors. Perhaps, zinc deficiency implications must be taken into account in health interventions because inflammation and prooxidant environment are associated with ZD in lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica S Biaggio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis-IMIBIO-CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
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Park SB, Choi SW, Nam AY. Hair tissue mineral analysis and metabolic syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 130:218-28. [PMID: 19221698 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of minerals causes functional abnormality of enzymes, frequently resulting in metabolic disturbance. We investigated possible relationship between minerals and metabolic syndrome by analysis of hair tissue minerals. We selected 848 subjects older than 20 years of age at Ajou University Hospital from May 2004 to February 2007. We excluded the subjects who had cancers, steroid and thyroid medication, and incomplete record from the study. Finally, 343 subjects were eligible. We performed cross-sectional analysis for the relationship between minerals and metabolic syndrome. The contents of calcium, magnesium, and copper in the metabolic syndrome group were significantly lower than those of the normal group, whereas the amounts of sodium, potassium, and mercury in the metabolic syndrome group were significantly higher than those of the normal group. By dividing the subjects into quartile with the level of calcium, magnesium, and mercury concentrations, we carried out logistic regression analysis to study the subjects and found that the subjects in the third quartile of calcium and magnesium concentrations had significantly lower odds ratio (OR) of the metabolic syndrome compared with that of the lowest quartile group [OR = 0.30, confidence interval (CI) = 0.10-0.89; OR = 0.189, CI = 0.063-0.566] and that the subjects in the highest mercury quartile had significantly higher OR of the metabolic syndrome compared with that of the lowest mercury quartile group (OR = 7.35, CI = 1.73-31.1). As part of the metabolic syndrome, the optimal calcium and magnesium concentrations in hair tissue may reflect decreased risk of metabolic syndrome, whereas high mercury concentration in hair tissue may indicate increased risk of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sat Byul Park
- School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
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Szuster-Ciesielska A, Plewka K, Daniluk J, Kandefer-Szerszeń M. Zinc supplementation attenuates ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced liver stellate cell activation by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and by influencing intracellular signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:301-14. [PMID: 19376089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Zinc has been reported to prevent and reverse liver fibrosis in vivo; however, the mechanisms of its action are poorly understood. We therefore aimed to determine the antifibrotic potential of zinc. METHODS Assessed was the influence of preincubation of rat HSCs with 30 microM ZnCl2 on ethanol- (in the presence of 4-methyl pyrazole (4-MP)) or acetaldehyde-induced toxicity, apoptosis, migration, expression of smooth muscle alpha-actin (alpha-SMA) and procollagen I, release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), tumor growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) production. Intracellular signals such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB), C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) induced by ethanol and its metabolite were also assessed. RESULTS 30 microM zinc protected HSCs against ethanol and acetaldehyde toxicity and inhibited their apoptosis. Zinc inhibited the production of ROS by HSCs treated with ethanol and acetaldehyde and inhibited their migration. Zinc also inhibited ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha production. Zinc down-regulated ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced production of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 and decreased the activity of MMP-2. In ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced HSCs, zinc inhibited the activation of the p38 MAPK as well as the JNK transduction pathways and phosphorylation of IkappaB and Smad 3. CONCLUSION The results indicated that zinc supplementation inhibited ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced activation of HSCs on different levels, acting as an antioxidant and inhibitor of MAPK, TGF-beta and NFkappaB/IkappaB transduction signaling. The remarkable inhibition of several markers of HCS activation makes zinc a promising agent for antifibrotic combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szuster-Ciesielska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Agnieszka Szuster-Ciesielska, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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Shen H, Oesterling E, Stromberg A, Toborek M, MacDonald R, Hennig B. Zinc deficiency induces vascular pro-inflammatory parameters associated with NF-kappaB and PPAR signaling. J Am Coll Nutr 2009; 27:577-87. [PMID: 18845708 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2008.10719741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Marginal intake of dietary zinc can be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In the current study we hypothesized that vascular dysfunction and associated inflammatory events are activated during a zinc deficient state. DESIGN We tested this hypothesis using both vascular endothelial cells and mice lacking the functional LDL-receptor gene. RESULTS Zinc deficiency increased oxidative stress and NF-kappaB DNA binding activity, and induced COX-2 and E-selectin gene expression, as well as monocyte adhesion in cultured endothelial cells. The NF-kappaB inhibitor CAPE significantly reduced the zinc deficiency-induced COX-2 expression, suggesting regulation through NF-kappaB signaling. PPAR can inhibit NF-kappaB signaling, and our previous data have shown that PPAR transactivation activity requires adequate zinc. Zinc deficiency down-regulated PPARalpha expression in cultured endothelial cells. Furthermore, the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone was unable to inhibit the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells during zinc deficiency, an event which could be reversed by zinc supplementation. Our in vivo data support the importance of PPAR dysregulation during zinc deficiency. For example, rosiglitazone induced inflammatory genes (e.g., MCP-1) only during zinc deficiency, and adequate zinc was required for rosiglitazone to down-regulate pro-inflammatory markers such as iNOS. In addition, rosiglitazone increased IkappaBalpha protein expression only in zinc adequate mice. Finally, plasma data from LDL-R-deficient mice suggest an overall pro-inflammatory environment during zinc deficiency and support the concept that zinc is required for proper anti-inflammatory or protective functions of PPAR. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that zinc nutrition can markedly modulate mechanisms of the pathology of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Shen
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Endothelial dysfunction in African-Americans. Int J Cardiol 2008; 132:157-72. [PMID: 19004510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The journey of atherosclerosis begins with endothelial dysfunction and culminates into its most fearful destination producing ischemia, myocardial infarction and death. The excess cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in African-Americans is one of the major public health problems. In this review, we discuss vascular endothelial dysfunction as a key element for excess cardiovascular disease burden in this target population. It can be logical window of future atherosclerotic outcomes, and further efforts should be made to detect it at the earliest in African American individuals even if they are appearing healthy as the therapeutic interventions if instituted early, might prevent the subsequent cardiac events.
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Yin J, Li X, Li D, Yue T, Fang Q, Ni J, Zhou X, Wu G. Dietary supplementation with zinc oxide stimulates ghrelin secretion from the stomach of young pigs. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 20:783-90. [PMID: 18926680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2008] [Revised: 06/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with zinc is known to enhance food intake and growth in young children. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Ghrelin, a peptide derived mainly from stomach, plays an important role in food-intake regulation. The present study was conducted with the piglet model to test the hypothesis that zinc may increase gastric ghrelin secretion. In Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) , thirty-six 28-day-old weaned pigs were assigned to two groups (18 pigs/group), receiving four-week supplementation of 0 or 2000 mg/kg Zn (as ZnO) to the basal diet containing 100 mg/kg Zn. In Experiment (Exp. 2), sixteen 28-day-old piglets were assigned to the same treatments (n=8/group) as in Exp. 1, except that they were pair-fed an equal amount of diet. At the end of the experiments, blood, stomach and duodenum samples were obtained for biochemical analysis, including assays of ghrelin protein and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in plasma, as well as quantification of ghrelin and IGF-I mRNA levels in the duodenum and gastric mucosa. Further, gastric mucosal cells from unsupplemented piglets were cultured with 0-0.5 mM ZnO for 2-24 h for assays of ghrelin production and gene expression. Dietary Zn supplementation increased plasma concentrations of ghrelin, IGF-I and cholecystokinin; IGF-I gene expression in the duodenum as well as food intake and piglet growth (Exp. 1). The effects of ZnO on plasma levels of ghrelin, intestinal IGF-I expression and piglet growth were independent of food intake. Addition of ZnO to culture medium enhanced ghrelin production from gastric mucosal cells without affecting ghrelin mRNA levels. Collectively, our results indicate that ZnO stimulates ghrelin secretion from the stomach at the post-transcriptional level. This novel finding aids in elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanism for a role of zinc in promoting food intake and growth of young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China.
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Lopez V, Keen CL, Lanoue L. Prenatal zinc deficiency: influence on heart morphology and distribution of key heart proteins in a rat model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2008; 122:238-55. [PMID: 18224284 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-007-8079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of congenital heart disease is multifactorial, with genetics and nutritional deficiencies recognized as causative agents. Maternal zinc (Zn) deficiency is associated with an increased risk for fetal heart malformations; however, the contributing mechanisms have yet to be identified. In this study, we fed pregnant rats a Zn-adequate diet (ZnA), a Zn-deficient (ZnD), or a restricted amount of Zn adequate diet (RF) beginning on gestation day (GD) 4.5, to examine whether increased cell death and changes in cardiac neural crest cells (NCC) play a role in Zn deficiency-induced heart defects. Fetuses were collected on GD 13.5, 15.5, and 18.5 and processed for GATA-4, FOG-2, connexin-43 (Cx43), HNK-1, smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMA) and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. Fetuses from ZnA-fed dams showed normal heart development, whereas fetuses from dams fed with the ZnD diet exhibited a variety of heart anomalies, particularly in the region of the outflow tract. HNK-1 expression was lower than normal in the hearts of GD13.5 and 15.5 ZnD fetuses, particularly in the right atrium and in the distal tip of the interventricular septum. Conversely, Cx43 immunoreactivity was increased throughout the heart in fetuses from ZnD dams compared to fetuses from control dams. The distribution and intensity of expression of SMA, GATA-4, FOG-2, and markers of apoptosis were similar among the three groups. We propose that Zn deficiency induced alterations in the distribution of Cx43 and HNK-1 in fetal hearts contribute to the occurrence of the developmental heart anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lopez
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Beattie JH, Gordon MJ, Rucklidge GJ, Reid MD, Duncan GJ, Horgan GW, Cho YE, Kwun IS. Aorta protein networks in marginal and acute zinc deficiency. Proteomics 2008; 8:2126-35. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kang X, Song Z, McClain CJ, Kang YJ, Zhou Z. Zinc supplementation enhances hepatic regeneration by preserving hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha in mice subjected to long-term ethanol administration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 172:916-25. [PMID: 18349129 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease is associated with sustained liver damage and impaired regeneration, as well as significant zinc deficiency. This study was undertaken to examine whether dietary zinc supplementation could improve liver regeneration by increasing the expression of genes involved in hepatic cellular proliferation in a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease. Adult 129S6 mice fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 6 months developed alcoholic liver disease as measured by serum alanine transferase activity and histopathological changes. Zinc supplementation to ethanol-exposed mice enhanced liver regeneration as indicated by increased numbers of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled hepatocytes. Zinc-enhanced liver regeneration was associated with an increase in hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha), a liver-enriched, zinc-finger transcription factor. Studies using cultured HepG2 cells showed that zinc deficiency suppressed cell proliferation and cell proliferation-related proteins, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), metallothionein (MT), and cyclin D1, as well as HNF-4alpha. HNF-4alpha gene silencing inhibited cell proliferation in association with decreased protein levels of IGF-I, IGFBP1, MT, and cyclin D1. The present study provides evidence that zinc supplementation enhances liver regeneration at least in part by HNF-4alpha through the up-regulation of cell proliferation-related proteins, suggesting that dietary zinc supplementation may have beneficial effects in alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqin Kang
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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