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Francisca S, Gloria AF, Marco PB, Camila NC, Víctor C, Bredford K. Metformin exposure during pregnancy and lactation affects offspring's long-term body weight and adipose tissue mass independent of the maternal metabolic state. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167258. [PMID: 38788910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and gestational diabetes (GDM) among pregnant women has risen dramatically worldwide. The antihyperglycemic drug metformin is the most common drug for T2DM treatment in non-pregnant individuals; nevertheless, it is increasingly being used for diabetes-complicated pregnancies. Studies on the long-term metabolic effects of this drug in offspring remain scarce. This work aimed to determine the effect of metformin exposure during pregnancy and lactation on the offspring of a model of diet-induced maternal hyperglycemia. Cohorts of pregnant mice were fed a 46% fat diet (HFD) or a control standard diet (SD). A group of dams were exposed to metformin during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, the offspring were fed SD for 8 weeks and then challenged with a 46% HFD after puberty for 12 weeks. Irrespective of the maternal diet, offspring of metformin-exposed mothers had a lower body weight and reduced inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass after HFD challenge. This was associated with increased expression of Pparg, Fabp4, Glut4, Srebp1, and Fasn in the iWAT during adulthood in the metabolically impaired dams exposed to metformin, suggesting increased adipogenesis and de novo lipogenesis. Increased expression of Fasn associated with decreased methylation levels at its promoter and proximal coding region in the iWAT was found. These results suggest that metformin modulates gene expression levels by epigenetic mechanisms in maternal metabolic-impaired conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Female
- Pregnancy
- Lactation/drug effects
- Mice
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/metabolism
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/pathology
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/metabolism
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/genetics
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/genetics
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/chemically induced
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/metabolism
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/genetics
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
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Affiliation(s)
- Stolzenbach Francisca
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7510157, Chile; Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja s/n, 5110566 Valdivia, Chile; Centro de Estudios Científicos-CECs, Av. Arturo Prat 540, 5110466 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alarcón-Fernández Gloria
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7510157, Chile; Centro de Estudios Científicos-CECs, Av. Arturo Prat 540, 5110466 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pérez-Bustamante Marco
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7510157, Chile; Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja s/n, 5110566 Valdivia, Chile; Centro de Estudios Científicos-CECs, Av. Arturo Prat 540, 5110466 Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Cortés Víctor
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kerr Bredford
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7510157, Chile; Centro de Estudios Científicos-CECs, Av. Arturo Prat 540, 5110466 Valdivia, Chile.
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da Silva AC, Moreira LR, Oliveira CNDC, Júnior CDDS, Ó KPD, Oliveira KKDS, Melo MGND, Soares AKDA, Cavalcanti MDP, Vasconcelos LRS, Lorena VMBD. Dynamics of the Trypanosoma cruzi infection in adipose tissue: Assessing gene expression of PNPLA2, FASN, and ACAT1 under Benzonidazole treatment and indirect mononuclear immune cells interaction. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2024; 258:111618. [PMID: 38588892 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2024.111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a parasite with a high capacity to adapt to the host. Animal models have already demonstrated that the tropism of this parasite occurs not only in cardiac/digestive tissues but also in adipose tissue (AT). That said, the consequences ofT. cruziinfection for AT and the implications of treatment with Benzonidazole in this tissue are under discussion. Here, we tested the hypothesis that T. cruzi infection in adipose tissue upon treatment with Benzonidazole (Bz) and the interaction of mononuclear immune cells (PBMC) influences the relative expression of ACAT1, FASN, and PNPLA2 genes. Thus, stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSC) after adipogenic differentiation were indirectly cultivated with PBMC after infection with the T. cruzi Y strain and treatment with Bz. We use the TcSAT-IAM system and RT-qPCR to evaluate the parasite load and the relative quantification (ΔCt) of the ACAT1, FASN, and PNPLA2 genes. Our results demonstrate that treatment with Bz did not reduce adipocyte infection in the presence (p-value: 0.5796) or absence (p-value: 0.1854) of cultivation with PBMC. In addition, even though there is no statistical difference when compared to the control group (AT), T. cruzi induces the FASN expression (Rq: 14.00). However, treatment with Bz in AT suggests the increases of PNPLA2 expression levels (Rq: 12.58), even in the absence of T. cruzi infection. During indirect cultivation with PBMC, T. cruzi smooths the expression of PNPLA2 (Rq: 0.824) and instigates the expression of ACAT1 (Rq: 1.632) and FASN (Rq: 1.394). Furthermore, the treatment with Bz during infection induces PNPLA2 expression (Rq: 1.871), maintaining FASN expression levels (Rq: 1.334). Given this, our results indicate that treatment with Benzonidazole did not decrease T. cruzi infection in adipose tissue. However, treating the adipocyte cells with Bz during the interaction with PBMC cells influences the lipid pathways scenario, inducing lipolytic metabolism through the expression of PNPLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leyllane Rafael Moreira
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | - Claudeir Dias da Silva Júnior
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
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3
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Bavaresco A, Mazzeo P, Lazzara M, Barbot M. Adipose tissue in cortisol excess: What Cushing's syndrome can teach us? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116137. [PMID: 38494065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare condition due to prolonged exposure to elevated circulating cortisol levels that features its typical phenotype characterised by moon face, proximal myopathy, easy bruising, hirsutism in females and a centripetal distribution of body fat. Given the direct and indirect effects of hypercortisolism, CS is a severe disease burdened by increased cardio-metabolic morbidity and mortality in which visceral adiposity plays a leading role. Although not commonly found in clinical setting, endogenous CS is definitely underestimated leading to delayed diagnosis with consequent increased rate of complications and reduced likelihood of their reversal after disease control. Most of all, CS is a unique model for systemic impairment induced by exogenous glucocorticoid therapy that is commonly prescribed for a number of chronic conditions in a relevant proportion of the worldwide population. In this review we aim to summarise on one side, the mechanisms behind visceral adiposity and lipid metabolism impairment in CS during active disease and after remission and on the other explore the potential role of cortisol in promoting adipose tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bavaresco
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mazzeo
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Lazzara
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Barbot
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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4
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Yang Z, Kubant R, Kranenburg E, Cho CE, Anderson GH. The Effect of Micronutrients on Obese Phenotype of Adult Mice Is Dependent on the Experimental Environment. Nutrients 2024; 16:696. [PMID: 38474824 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The environment of the test laboratory affects the reproducibility of treatment effects on physiological phenotypes of rodents and may be attributed to the plasticity of the epigenome due to nutrient-gene-environment interactions. Here, we explored the reproducibility of adding a multi-vitamin-mineral (MVM) mix to a nutrient-balanced high-fat (HF) diet on obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and gene expression in the tissues of adult male mice. Experiments of the same design were conducted in three independent animal facilities. Adult C57BL/6J male mice were fed an HF diet for 6 weeks (diet induced-obesity model) and then continued for 9-12 weeks on the HF diet with or without 5-fold additions of vitamins A, B1, B6, B12, Zn, and 2-fold Se. The addition of the MVM affected body weight, fat mass, gene expression, and markers of IR in all three locations (p < 0.05). However, the direction of the main effects was influenced by the interaction with the experimental location and its associated environmental conditions known to affect the epigenome. In conclusion, MVM supplementation influenced phenotypes and expression of genes related to adipose function in obese adult male mice, but the experimental location and its associated conditions were significant interacting factors. Preclinical studies investigating the relationship between diet and metabolic outcomes should acknowledge the plasticity of the epigenome and implement measures to reproduce studies in different locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Yang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ruslan Kubant
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eva Kranenburg
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Clara E Cho
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - G Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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5
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Kim WS, Keng BH, Kim J. Transcriptional modulation of heat shock proteins and adipogenic regulators in bovine adipocytes following heat exposure. J Therm Biol 2024; 120:103824. [PMID: 38428104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
This research endeavored to elucidate the transcriptional modulation of heat shock proteins and adipogenic regulators in bovine subcutaneous adipocytes following thermal exposure. Post-differentiation, mature adipocytes were subjected to three treatments of control (CON), moderate (MHS), and extreme (EHS) heat stress. These treatments consist of thermal conditions at temperatures of 38 °C (CON), 39.5 °C (MHS), or 41 °C (EHS) along with of 3 or 12 h. There was no statistically significant variations observed in the gene expressions of HSP27 and HSP70 when comparing CON with MHS across both exposures. Contrastingly, when comparing CON with EHS, an upregulation (P < 0.01) in HSP27 gene expression was evident for both 3 and 12 h of incubation, while HSP70 gene expression exhibited elevation (P < 0.01) at the 3-h mark, with no change observed at 12 h. Protein quantification, however, revealed an elevation (P < 0.01) in HSP27 and HSP70 for both CON vs. MHS and CON vs. EHS at the 12-h exposure. This trend in protein level mirrored (P < 0.05) that of proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ). Elevated (P < 0.05) protein levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS) were exclusively discernible in the CON vs. MHS. Increased (P < 0.01) transcriptional activity of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), and FAS was evident in the CON vs. EHS comparison. Complementary to these molecular findings, an augmented lipid droplet accumulation was observed (P < 0.01) in EHS-exposed adipocytes progressively from day 6 through day 9. Our current study highlights how different levels and lengths of heat stress can impact the activity of important heat-related proteins and factors that play a role in fat development in beef cattle. These findings can help guide strategies to manage how beef cattle are exposed to heat, which can affect fat storage and ultimately the quality of the meat's marbling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seob Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Boon Hong Keng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jongkyoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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6
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Paul B, Buchholz DR. Minireview: Glucocorticoid-Leptin Crosstalk: Role of Glucocorticoid-Leptin Counterregulation in Metabolic Homeostasis and Normal Development. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1127-1139. [PMID: 37708034 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids and leptin are two important hormones that regulate metabolic homeostasis by controlling appetite and energy expenditure in adult mammals. Also, glucocorticoids and leptin strongly counterregulate each other, such that chronic stress-induced glucocorticoids upregulate the production of leptin and leptin suppresses glucocorticoid production directly via action on endocrine organs and indirectly via action on food intake. Altered glucocorticoid or leptin levels during development can impair organ development and increase the risk of chronic diseases in adults, but there are limited studies depicting the significance of glucocorticoid-leptin interaction during development and its impact on developmental programming. In mammals, leptin-induced suppression of glucocorticoid production is critical during development, where leptin prevents stress-induced glucocorticoid production by inducing a period of short-hyporesponsiveness when the adrenal glands fail to respond to certain mild to moderate stressors. Conversely, reduced or absent leptin signaling increases glucocorticoid levels beyond what is appropriate for normal organogenesis. The counterregulatory interactions between leptin and glucocorticoids suggest the potential significant involvement of leptin in disorders that occur from stress during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Daniel R Buchholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Osorio-Conles Ó, Jiménez A, Ibarzabal A, Balibrea JM, de Hollanda A, Vidal J. Limited Bariatric Surgery-induced Weight Loss in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: Predictor Variables in Adipose Tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1205-e1213. [PMID: 37249080 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) at baseline on limited weight loss (WL) after bariatric surgery (BS) remains controversial, and the potential underlying mechanisms incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed at gaining further insight on this relationship and identifying novel associations between adipose tissue (AT) parameters and short-term WL outcomes in subjects with or without T2D undergoing BS. METHODS Mid-term WL trajectories after BS have been evaluated in a cohort of 1659 subjects (cohort 1) with (n = 543) and without T2D (n = 1116). Paired subcutaneous and visceral AT samples were obtained from a cohort of 48 pairs of subjects with and without T2D matched for age, sex, BMI, and type of BS (cohort 2). Differences in AT parameters between groups were evaluated and potential associations with WL response explored. RESULTS T2D was independently associated with a 5% lesser mid-term WL in cohort 1, while HbA1c, insulin treatment, and number of T2D medications prior to BS were only related to short-term WL outcomes. In cohort 2, a number of differentially expressed genes in AT were identified between groups, while fat cell size and fibrosis were comparable. Subcutaneous ATG7 expression was found as an independent predictor of limited WL 1 year after surgery (β: -12.21 ± 4.41, P = .008) and its addition to a clinical model significantly improved the amount of WL variability explained (R2 = 0.131 vs R2 = 0.248, F change P = .009). CONCLUSION Our results highlight the importance of T2D as determinant of limited WL following BS and suggest that dysregulated macroautophagy in subcutaneous AT may contribute to this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Osorio-Conles
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Jiménez
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainitze Ibarzabal
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Balibrea
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana de Hollanda
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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D’Elia JA, Weinrauch LA. Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia with Kidney or Liver Transplantation: A Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1185. [PMID: 37759585 PMCID: PMC10525610 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Although solid organ transplantation in persons with diabetes mellitus is often associated with hyperglycemia, the risk of hyperlipidemia in all organ transplant recipients is often underestimated. The diagnosis of diabetes often predates transplantation; however, in a moderate percentage of allograft recipients, perioperative hyperglycemia occurs triggered by antirejection regimens. Post-transplant prescription of glucocorticoids, calcineurin inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors are associated with increased lipid concentrations. The existence of diabetes mellitus prior to or following a liver transplant is associated with shorter times of useful allograft function. A cycle involving Smad, TGF beta, m-TOR and toll-like receptors has been identified in the contribution of rejection and aging of allografts. Glucocorticoids (prednisone) and calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine and tacrolimus) induce hyperglycemia associated with insulin resistance. Azathioprine, mycophenolate and prednisone are associated with lipogenesis. mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin) are used to decrease doses of atherogenic agents used for immunosuppression. Post-transplant medication management must balance immune suppression and glucose and lipid control. Concerns regarding rejection often override those relative to systemic and organ vascular aging and survival. This review focuses attention on the underlying mechanism of relationships between glycemia/lipidemia control, transplant rejection and graft aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry A. Weinrauch
- Kidney and Hypertension Section, E P Joslin Research Laboratory, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; jd'
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de Souza CF, Stopa LRS, Martins AB, Wunderlich ALM, Lopes GM, de Fatima Silva F, Komino ACM, Zaia DAM, Zaia CTBV, Lima FB, Uchoa ET. Glucocorticoids contribute to metabolic and liver impairments induced by lactation overnutrition in male adult rats. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1161582. [PMID: 37234421 PMCID: PMC10206267 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1161582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lactation overnutrition is a programming agent of energy metabolism, and litter size reduction leads to the early development of obesity, which persists until adulthood. Liver metabolism is disrupted by obesity, and increased levels of circulating glucocorticoids are pointed as a possible mediator for the obesity development, since bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) can reduce obesity in different models of obesity. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of glucocorticoids on metabolic changes and liver lipogenesis and insulin pathway induced by lactation overnutrition. For this, on the postnatal day 3 (PND), 3 pups (small litter-SL) or 10 pups (normal litter-NL) were kept with each dam. On PND 60, male Wistar rats underwent bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) or fictitious surgery (sham), and half of ADX animals received corticosterone (CORT- 25 mg/L) diluted in the drinking fluid. On PND 74, the animals were euthanized by decapitation for trunk blood collection, and liver dissection and storage. Results and Discussion: SL rats presented increased corticosterone, free fatty acids, total and LDL-cholesterol plasma levels, without changes in triglycerides (TG) and HDL-cholesterol. The SL group also showed increased content of liver TG, and expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), but decreased expression of PI3Kp110 in the liver, compared to NL rats. In the SL group, the ADX decreased plasma levels of corticosterone, FFA, TG and HDL cholesterol, liver TG, and liver expression of FASN, and IRS2, compared to sham animals. In SL animals, CORT treatment increased plasma levels of TG and HDL cholesterol, liver TG, and expression of FASN, IRS1, and IRS2, compared with the ADX group. In summary, the ADX attenuated plasma and liver changes observed after lactation overnutrition, and CORT treatment could reverse most ADX-induced effects. Thus, increased circulating glucocorticoids are likely to play a pivotal role in liver and plasma impairments induced by lactation overnutrition in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F. de Souza
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rugila S. Stopa
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Andressa B. Martins
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza M. Wunderlich
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Dimas A. M. Zaia
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Cassia Thaïs B. V. Zaia
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fabio Bessa Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernane Torres Uchoa
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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10
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Peloso A, Tihy M, Moeckli B, Rubbia-Brandt L, Toso C. Clearing Steatosis Prior to Liver Surgery for Colorectal Metastasis: A Narrative Review and Case Illustration. Nutrients 2022; 14:5340. [PMID: 36558499 PMCID: PMC9785595 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disorder in the developed world, accounting for 20% to 46% of liver abnormalities. Steatosis is the hallmark of NAFLD and is recognized as an important risk factor for complication and death after general surgery, even more so after liver resection. Similarly, liver steatosis also impacts the safety of live liver donation and transplantation. We aim to review surgical outcomes after liver resection for colorectal metastases in patients with steatosis and discuss the most common pre-operative strategies to reduce steatosis. Finally, as illustration, we report the favorable effect of a low-caloric, hyper-protein diet during a two-stage liver resection for colorectal metastases in a patient with severe steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peloso
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Tihy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beat Moeckli
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Sadler DG, Treas L, Sikes JD, Porter C. A modest change in housing temperature alters whole body energy expenditure and adipocyte thermogenic capacity in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E517-E528. [PMID: 36351253 PMCID: PMC9744648 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00079.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Typical vivarium temperatures (20-26°C) induce facultative thermogenesis in mice, a process attributable in part to uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1). The impact of modest changes in housing temperature on whole body and adipose tissue energetics in mice remains unclear. Here, we determined the effects of transitioning mice from 24°C to 30°C on total energy expenditure and adipose tissue protein signatures. C57BL/6J mice were housed at 24°C for 2 wk and then either remained at 24°C (n = 16/group, 8M/8F) or were transitioned to 30°C (n = 16/group, 8M/8F) for 4 wk. Total energy expenditure and its components were determined by indirect calorimetry. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) proteins were quantified by Western blot and quantitative proteomics. Transitioning from 24°C to 30°C reduced total energy expenditure in both male (-25%) and female (-16%) mice, which was attributable to lower basal energy expenditure in males (-36%) and females (-40%). Total iBAT UCP1 protein content was 50% lower at 30°C compared with 24°C, whereas iWAT UCP1 protein content was similar between conditions. iBAT UCP1 protein content remained 20-fold greater than iWAT at 30°C. In iBAT and iWAT, 183 and 41 proteins were differentially expressed between 24°C and 30°C, respectively. iWAT proteins (257) differentially expressed between sexes at 30°C were not differentially expressed at 24°C. Thus, 30°C housing lowers total energy expenditure of mice when compared with an ambient temperature (24°C) that falls within the National Research Council's guidelines for housing laboratory mice. Lower iBAT UCP1 content accompanied chronic housing at 30°C. Furthermore, housing temperature influences sexual dimorphism in the iWAT proteome. These data have implications regarding the optimization of preclinical models of human disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Housing mice at 30°C reduced the basal and total energy expenditure compared with 24°C, which was accompanied by a reduction in brown adipose tissue UCP1 content. Proteomic profiling demonstrated the brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue proteomes were largely influenced by housing temperature and sex, respectively. Therefore, 30°C housing revealed sexual dimorphism in the white adipose tissue proteome that was largely absent in animals housed at 24°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Sadler
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Lillie Treas
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - James D Sikes
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Craig Porter
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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12
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Approaches to Measuring the Activity of Major Lipolytic and Lipogenic Enzymes In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911093. [PMID: 36232405 PMCID: PMC9570359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, one of the goals of adipose tissue research has been to determine lipolytic and lipogenic activity as the primary metabolic pathways affecting adipocyte health and size and thus representing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and associated diseases. Nowadays, there is a relatively large number of methods to measure the activity of these pathways and involved enzymes, but their applicability to different biological samples is variable. Here, we review the characteristics of mean lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes, their inhibitors, and available methodologies for assessing their activity, and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies and their applicability in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro, i.e., in cells, organs and their respective extracts, with the emphasis on adipocytes and adipose tissue.
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13
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Leachman JR, Cincinelli C, Ahmed N, Dalmasso C, Xu M, Gatineau E, Nikolajczyk BS, Yiannikouris F, Hinds TD, Loria AS. Early life stress exacerbates obesity in adult female mice via mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent increases in adipocyte triglyceride and glycerol content. Life Sci 2022; 304:120718. [PMID: 35714704 PMCID: PMC10987253 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that Maternal Separation and Early Weaning (MSEW) exacerbates high fat diet (HF)-induced visceral obesity in female offspring compared to normally reared female mice. Stress hormones such as glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are critical mediators in the process of fat expansion, and both can activate the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the adipocyte. Therefore, this study aimed to, comprehend the specific effects of MSEW on adipose tissue basic homeostatic function, and investigate whether female MSEW mice show an exacerbated obesogenic response mediated by MR. Gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT), a type of visceral fat, was collected to assess lipidomics, transcriptomics, and in vitro lipolysis assay. Obese female MSEW mice showed increased adiposity, elevated 44:2/FA 18:2 + NH4 lipid class and reduced mitochondrial DNA density compared to obese control counterparts. In addition, single-cell RNA sequencing in isolated pre- and mature adipocytes showed a ~9-fold downregulation of aquaglycerolporin 3 (Aqp3), a channel responsible for glycerol efflux in adipocytes. Obese MSEW mice showed high levels of circulating aldosterone and gWAT-derived corticosterone compared to controls. Further, the MR blocker spironolactone (Spiro, 100 mg/kg/day, 2 weeks) normalized the elevated intracellular glycerol levels, the greater in vitro lipolysis response, and the number of large size adipocytes in MSEW mice compared to the controls. Our data suggests that MR plays a role promoting adipocyte hypertrophy in female MSEW mice by preventing lipolysis via glycerol release in favor of triglyceride formation and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Leachman
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cole Cincinelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nermin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Carolina Dalmasso
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eva Gatineau
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Frederique Yiannikouris
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; SAHA Cardiovascular Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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14
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Sahin K, Orhan C, Kucuk O, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Ozercan IH, Sylla S, Ojalvo SP, Komorowski JR. Effects of magnesium picolinate, zinc picolinate, and selenomethionine co-supplementation on reproductive hormones, and glucose and lipid metabolism-related protein expressions in male rats fed a high-fat diet. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100081. [PMID: 35415682 PMCID: PMC8991512 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the impacts of the magnesium picolinate (MgPic), zinc picolinate (ZnPic), and selenomethionine (SeMet) alone or as a combination on blood metabolites, oxidative enzymes, reproductive hormones, and glucose and lipid metabolism-related protein expressions in Wistar rats fed a high-fed diet (HFD). The rats were fed either a control, HFD, or HFD supplemented with a single (MgPic, ZnPic, SeMet) or two or three organic mineral combinations. Body weights, visceral fat, serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as liver sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels increased, while serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) concentrations along with liver nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels declined in HFD rats (P < 0.05). Supplementing each organic mineral, but particularly the combination of HFD + MgPic + ZnPic + SeMet reversed the responses with various degrees. None of the organic elements alone or as a combination of two exerted a prominent effect on parameters measured. Although not additive or synergistic, the combination of all organic minerals added to HFD (HFD + MgPic + ZnPic + SeMet) provided the greatest responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Osman Kucuk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim H Ozercan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sarah Sylla
- Research and Development, Nutrition 21, Harrison, NY 10577, USA
| | - Sara P Ojalvo
- Research and Development, Nutrition 21, Harrison, NY 10577, USA
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15
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Pucci M, Mandrone M, Chiocchio I, Sweeney EM, Tirelli E, Uberti D, Memo M, Poli F, Mastinu A, Abate G. Different Seasonal Collections of Ficus carica L. Leaves Diversely Modulate Lipid Metabolism and Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142833. [PMID: 35889791 PMCID: PMC9323846 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, adipogenesis dysfunction and metabolic disorders are common features in the elderly population. Thus, the identification of novel compounds with anti-adipogenic and lipolytic effects is highly desirable to reduce diabetes complications. Plants represent an important source of bioactive compounds. To date, the antidiabetic potential of several traditional plants has been reported, among which Ficus carica L. is one of the most promising. Considering that plant metabolome changes in response to a number of factors including seasonality, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether Ficus carica leaves extracts collected in autumn (FCa) and spring (FCs) differently modulate lipid metabolism and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The 1H-NMR profile of the extracts showed that FCs have a higher content of caffeic acid derivatives, glucose, and sucrose than FCa. In contrast, FCa showed a higher concentration of malic acid and furanocoumarins, identified as psoralen and bergapten. In vitro testing showed that only FCa treatments were able to significantly decrease the lipid content (Ctrl vs. FCa 25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, FCa treatments were able to downregulate the transcriptional pathway of adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In more detail, FCa 80 μg/mL significantly decreased the gene expression of PPARγ (p < 0.05), C/EBPα (p < 0.05), Leptin (p < 0.0001), adiponectin (p < 0.05) and GLUT4 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study further supports an in-depth investigation of F. carica leaves extracts as a promising source of active compounds useful for targeting obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Pucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Ilaria Chiocchio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Eileen Mac Sweeney
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Emanuela Tirelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-371-7509
| | - Giulia Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
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16
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Expression and Role of β3-Adrenergic Receptor during the Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes into Adipocytes. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050772. [PMID: 35625499 PMCID: PMC9138837 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) has long been viewed as a potential therapeutic target for dealing with obesity. Although the lipolytic and thermogenic role of β3-AR in brown/beige adipocytes is well defined, the β3-AR’s adipogenic role in white adipocytes remains unclear at present. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of β3-AR in 3T3-L1 murine white preadipocytes. Knockdown of β3-AR led to less lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content as well as less expression and phosphorylation levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. These findings reveal that the β3-AR inhibitor or antagonist could be a promising candidate for potential preventive and therapeutics against obesity. Abstract β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) is expressed predominantly in mature white and brown/beige adipocytes. Although the lipolytic and thermogenic role of β3-AR in brown/beige adipocytes is well defined, the adipogenic role of β3-AR in white adipocytes remains unclear at present. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of β3-AR in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells, murine white preadipocytes. Of note, the expression of β3-AR at the protein and mRNA levels was highly induced in a time-dependent manner during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Interestingly, the results of the pharmacological inhibition study demonstrated the roles of p38 MAPK and PKC in the induction of β3-AR expression in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Knockdown of β3-AR led to less lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation with no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, knockdown of β3-AR resulted in a decrease in not only expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FASN), perilipin A, and leptin but also phosphorylation levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (STAT-5) during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. In summary, these results demonstrate firstly that β3-AR expression is highly up-regulated in p38 MAPK and PKC-dependent manners, and the up-regulated β3-AR plays a crucial role in lipid accumulation in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells, which is mediated through control of expression and phosphorylation levels of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, STAT-5, FASN, and perilipin A.
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17
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Isesele P, Vaidya H, Gill R, Cheema SK. Treatment of preadipocytes with fish oil, mixed oil, or soybean oil-based lipid emulsions have differential effects on the regulation of lipogenic and lipolytic genes in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 177:102396. [PMID: 35032817 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The key adipose tissue characteristics are established during early development, where lipids play an essential role. Lipid emulsions used in total parenteral nutrition have different omega-(n) 6 to n-3 fatty acid ratios. A lower n-6:n-3 fatty acid decreases lipid accumulation; however, the effects of lipid emulsions with different n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratios on the programming of preadipocytes to affect lipid accumulation in mature adipocytes is not known. This study compared the effects of Fish oil (FO), Mixed oil (MO), and Soybean oil (SO) based lipid emulsion on genes involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and β-oxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Preadipocytes were treated with specific lipid emulsions and then differentiated to mature adipocytes in the absence of lipid emulsions. In a separate experiment, mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with lipid emulsions to investigate the effects on genes involved in lipolysis. Fatty acid composition, triacylglycerol levels, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and β-oxidation were measured. Preadipocytes and mature adipocytes treated with FO showed higher incorporation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, lower triacylglycerol levels, and decreased mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, followed by MO and SO. FO and MO increased the mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, while FO decreased the mRNA expression of lipolytic genes compared to untreated cells. Our findings suggest that FO programs preadipocytes to prevent adipose tissue dysfunction in mature adipocytes; the effects of FO-based lipid emulsion were followed by MO and SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Isesele
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Hitesh Vaidya
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Renu Gill
- Janeway Children's Hospital and Rehabilitation Center, St. John's, NL, Canada
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18
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Crocetin exerts hypocholesterolemic effect by inducing LDLR and inhibiting PCSK9 and Sortilin in HepG2 cells. Nutr Res 2022; 98:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Tsai SF, Hung HC, Shih MMC, Chang FC, Chung BC, Wang CY, Lin YL, Kuo YM. High-fat diet-induced increases in glucocorticoids contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22130. [PMID: 34959259 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101570r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between chronic ingestion of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) and the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We have produced a strain of transgenic mice (termed L/L mice) that have normal levels of circulating corticosterone (CORT), the major type of GCs in rodents, but unlike wild-type (WT) mice, their circulating CORT was not affected by HFD. Compared to WT mice, 12-week HFD-induced fatty liver was less pronounced with higher plasma levels of triglycerides in L/L mice. These changes were reversed by CORT supplement to L/L mice. By analyzing a sort of lipid metabolism-related proteins, we found that expressions of the hepatic cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) were upregulated by HFD-induced CORT and involved in CORT-mediated fatty liver. Dexamethasone, an agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), upregulated expressions of CD36 in HepG2 hepatocytes and facilitated lipid accumulation in the cells. In conclusion, the fat ingestion-induced release of CORT contributes to NAFLD. This study highlights the pathogenic role of CORT-mediated upregulation of hepatic CD 36 in diet-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chang Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Fu-Chuan Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bon-Chu Chung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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20
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Ji S, Xu F, Zhang N, Wu Y, Ju X, Wang L. Dietary a novel structured lipid synthesized by soybean oil and coconut oil alter fatty acid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Genomic and Non-Genomic Actions of Glucocorticoids on Adipose Tissue Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168503. [PMID: 34445209 PMCID: PMC8395154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are hormones that aid the body under stress by regulating glucose and free fatty acids. GCs maintain energy homeostasis in multiple tissues, including those in the liver and skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), and brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT stores energy as triglycerides, while BAT uses fatty acids for heat generation. The multiple genomic and non-genomic pathways in GC signaling vary with exposure duration, location (adipose tissue depot), and species. Genomic effects occur directly through the cytosolic GC receptor (GR), regulating the expression of proteins related to lipid metabolism, such as ATGL and HSL. Non-genomic effects act through mechanisms often independent of the cytosolic GR and happen shortly after GC exposure. Studying the effects of GCs on adipose tissue breakdown and generation (lipolysis and adipogenesis) leads to insights for treatment of adipose-related diseases, such as obesity, coronary disease, and cancer, but has led to controversy among researchers, largely due to the complexity of the process. This paper reviews the recent literature on the genomic and non-genomic effects of GCs on WAT and BAT lipolysis and proposes research to address the many gaps in knowledge related to GC activity and its effects on disease.
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22
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Ruigrok S, Kotah J, Kuindersma J, Speijer E, van Irsen A, la Fleur S, Korosi A. Adult food choices depend on sex and exposure to early-life stress: Underlying brain circuitry, adipose tissue adaptations and metabolic responses. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100360. [PMID: 34277896 PMCID: PMC8264217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to early-life stress (ES) increases the risk to develop obesity later in life, and these effects may be sex-specific, but it is currently unknown what underlies the ES-induced metabolic vulnerability. We have previously shown that ES leads to a leaner phenotype under standard chow diet conditions, but to increased fat accumulation when exposed to an unhealthy obesogenic diet. However these diets were fed without a choice. An important, yet under investigated, element contributing to the development of obesity in humans is the choice of the food. There is initial evidence that ES leads to altered food choices but a thorough testing on how ES affects the choice of both the fat and sugar component, and if this is similar in males and females, is currently missing. We hypothesized that ES increases the choice for unhealthy foods, while it at the same time also affects the response to such a diet. In a mouse model for ES, in which mice are exposed to limited nesting and bedding material from postnatal day (P)2–P9, we investigated if ES exposure affected i) food choice with a free choice high-fat high-sugar diet (fcHFHS), ii) the response to such a diet, iii) the brain circuits that regulate food intake and food reward and iv) if such ES effects are sex-specific. We show that there are sex differences in food choice under basal circumstances, and that ES increases fat intake in females when exposed to a mild acute stressor. Moreover, ES impacts the physiologic response to the fcHFHS and the brain circuits regulating food intake in sex-specific manner. Our data highlight sex-specific effects of ES on metabolic functioning and food choice. Strong sex differences exist in food choice and metabolism in mice. Early-life stress (ES) increases fat intake in females after mild acute stress exposure. The physiological response to the diet is affected by ES in a sex-dependent manner. ES modulates the hedonic feeding circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.R. Ruigrok
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J.M. Kotah
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J.E. Kuindersma
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E. Speijer
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A.A.S. van Irsen
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S.E. la Fleur
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry & Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A. Korosi
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
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Benbouguerra N, Hornedo-Ortega R, Garcia F, El Khawand T, Saucier C, Richard T. Stilbenes in grape berries and wine and their potential role as anti-obesity agents: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shrimp Oil Extracted from Shrimp Processing By-Product Is a Rich Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin-Esters, and Reveals Potential Anti-Adipogenic Effects in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19050259. [PMID: 33946320 PMCID: PMC8146821 DOI: 10.3390/md19050259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, generates tons of shrimp processing by-product every year. Shrimp contains omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and astaxanthin (Astx), a potent antioxidant that exists in either free or esterified form (Astx-E). In this study, shrimp oil (SO) was extracted from the shrimp processing by-product using the Soxhlet method (hexane:acetone 2:3). The extracted SO was rich in phospholipids, n-3 PUFA, and Astx-E. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated to mature adipocytes in the presence or absence of various treatments for 8 days. The effects of SO were then investigated on fat accumulation, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The effects of fish oil (FO), in combination with Astx-E, on fat accumulation, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis were also investigated. The SO decreased fat accumulation, compared to untreated cells, which coincided with lower mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes. However, FO and FO + Astx-E increased fat accumulation, along with increased mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut-4), compared to untreated cells. These findings have demonstrated that the SO is a rich source of n-3 PUFA and Astx-E, and has the potential to elicit anti-adipogenic effects. Moreover, the SO and FO appear to regulate adipogenesis and lipogenesis via independent pathways in 3T3-L1 cells.
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Zhang W, Qiao Y, Qi F, Shen Q, Zhao R, Yang X. Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein Knockout Influenced Genes Expression Profile in Adipose Tissue and Decreased the Lipid Mobilizing After Dexamethasone Treatment in Mice. Horm Metab Res 2020; 52:755-763. [PMID: 32542628 DOI: 10.1055/a-1186-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), as an adipokine, plays an important role in lipid metabolism. However, its influence on whole gene expression profile in adipose tissue is not known. Under stress condition, how ZAG affects the lipid metabolism is also unclear. Therefore, in this study ZAG systemic knockout (KO) mice were used as a model to reveal the genes expression profile in visceral fat tissues of ZAG KO mice and wild-type mice by genome-wide microarray screening. Then dexamethasone (DEX) was used to explore the effect of ZAG deletion on body fat metabolism under stress. Our results showed that 179 genes were differentially expressed more than 1.5 times between ZAG KO mice and wild type mice, of which 26 genes were upregulated dramatically and 153 genes were significantly downregulated. Under DEX simulated stress, ZAG systemic knockout in vivo resulted in a markedly decrease of triglycerides (TG) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) content in in plasma. Similarly, for lipid catabolism, ZAG KO led to a significant increase of phosphorylated HSL (p-HSL) protein and a rising tendency of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein relative to those of the DEX group. For lipid anabolism, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adiponectin protein expression in visceral fat rose notably in ZAG KO mice after DEX treatment. In conclusion, ZAG knockout can affect the gene expression profile of adipose tissue, reduce elevated TG and NEFA levels in plasma, and alter lipid metabolism under DEX treatment. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of lipid metabolic disorders in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Qiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fulei Qi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qingyi Shen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Dynamic characteristics of lipid metabolism in cultured granulosa cells from geese follicles at different developmental stages. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:221432. [PMID: 31808518 PMCID: PMC6928526 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that lipid metabolism in granulosa cells (GCs) plays a vital role during mammalian ovarian follicular development. However, little research has been done on lipid metabolism in avian follicular GCs. The goal of the present study was to investigate the dynamic characteristics of lipid metabolism in GCs from geese pre-hierarchical (6–10 mm) and hierarchical (F4-F2 and F1) follicles during a 6-day period of in vitro culture. Oil red O staining showed that with the increasing incubation time, the amount of lipids accumulated in three cohorts of GCs increased gradually, reached the maxima after 96 h of culture, and then decreased. Moreover, the lipid content varied among these three cohorts, with the highest in F1 GCs. The qPCR results showed genes related to lipid synthesis and oxidation were highest expressed in pre-hierarchical GCs, while those related to lipid transport and deposition were highest expressed in hierarchical GCs. These results suggested that the amount of intracellular lipids in GCs increases with both the follicular diameter and culture time, which is accompanied by significant changes in expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. Therefore, it is postulated that the lipid accumulation capacity of geese GCs depends on the stage of follicle development and is finely regulated by the differential expression of genes related to lipid metabolism.
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27
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Abou-Khalil NS, Ali MF, Ali MM, Ibrahim A. Surgical castration versus chemical castration in donkeys: response of stress, lipid profile and redox potential biomarkers. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:310. [PMID: 32847551 PMCID: PMC7448993 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Castration is a husbandry practice raising important questions on the welfare and physiological status of farm animals. Searching for effective castration methods that minimally compromise the body physiology is worthy of attention. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the differential response of biological systems in donkeys to surgical castration versus the chemical one by CaCl2 with special emphasis on stress, lipid profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Donkeys were divided randomly and equally into two groups; the chemical (Ch) and surgical (S) groups (n = 6). The Ch group was chemically castrated by intratesticular injection of 20% CaCl2 dissolved in absolute ethanol. Blood samples were collected prior to castration and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after the beginning of experiment. Results Surprisingly, the Ch group at the end of the experiment was characterized by significantly higher cortisol level compared to the S group. TC and LDL-C levels in the S group significantly decreased at day 45, while TG levels significantly increased at days 45 and 60 in comparison with day 0. HDL-C levels at days 30 and 60 in the Ch group significantly increased in comparison with day 0. At day 30 post-castration, HDL-C was significantly higher and LDL-C was significantly lower in the Ch group than the S group. A significant elevation in TC and LDL-C was observed at day 45 and in HDL-C at the end of experimental duration in the Ch group when compared with the S group. TPX level was significantly lower and TAC was significantly higher in the Ch group at day 45 than the S group. Conclusion Surgical castration evoked less stress and minor changes in lipid profile and oxidant/antioxidant balance relative to chemical castration by intratesticular 20% CaCl2 dissolved in absolute ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser S Abou-Khalil
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Marwa F Ali
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Magda M Ali
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
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Pertiwi K, Küpers LK, Geleijnse JM, Zock PL, Wanders AJ, Kruger HS, van Zyl T, Kruger IM, Smuts CM. Associations of linoleic acid with markers of glucose metabolism and liver function in South African adults. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:138. [PMID: 32546275 PMCID: PMC7296762 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relation between dietary and circulating linoleic acid (18:2 n-6, LA), glucose metabolism and liver function is not yet clear. Associations of dietary and circulating LA with glucose metabolism and liver function markers were investigated. Methods Cross-sectional analyses in 633 black South Africans (aged > 30 years, 62% female, 51% urban) without type 2 diabetes at baseline of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study. A cultural-sensitive 145-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary data, including LA (percentage of energy; en%). Blood samples were collected to measure circulating LA (% total fatty acids (FA); plasma phospholipids), plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Associations per 1 standard deviation (SD) and in tertiles were analyzed using multivariable regression. Results Mean (±SD) dietary and circulating LA was 6.8 (±3.1) en% and 16.0 (±3.5) % total FA, respectively. Dietary and circulating LA were not associated with plasma glucose or HbA1c (β per 1 SD: − 0.005 to 0.010, P > 0.20). Higher dietary LA was generally associated with lower serum liver enzymes levels. One SD higher circulating LA was associated with 22% lower serum GGT (β (95% confidence interval): − 0.25 (− 0.31, − 0.18), P < 0.001), but only ≤9% lower for ALT and AST. Circulating LA and serum GGT associations differed by alcohol use and locality. Conclusion Dietary and circulating LA were inversely associated with markers of impaired liver function, but not with glucose metabolism. Alcohol use may play a role in the association between LA and liver function. Trial registration PURE North-West Province South Africa study described in this manuscript is part of the PURE study. The PURE study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03225586; URL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalita Pertiwi
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Leanne K Küpers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Zock
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Unilever R&D, Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne J Wanders
- Unilever R&D, Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Herculina S Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Tertia van Zyl
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Iolanthé M Kruger
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Cornelius M Smuts
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Rahimi L, Rajpal A, Ismail-Beigi F. Glucocorticoid-Induced Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1133-1145. [PMID: 32368109 PMCID: PMC7171875 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s247379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used at high doses and for prolonged periods (weeks to months) in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Among the many side effects are increased insulin resistance with disturbances in glucose/insulin homeostasis and increased deposition of lipids (mostly triglycerides) in the liver. Here, we review the metabolic pathways of lipid deposition and removal from the liver that become altered by excess glucocorticoids. Pathways of lipid deposition stimulated by excess glucocorticoids include 1) increase in appetite and high caloric intake; 2) increased blood glucose levels due to GC-induced stimulation of gluconeogenesis; 3) stimulation of de novo lipogenesis that is augmented by the high glucose and insulin levels and by GC itself; and 4) increased release of free fatty acids from adipose stores and stimulation of their uptake by the liver. Pathways that decrease hepatic lipids affected by glucocorticoids include a modest stimulation of very-low-density lipoprotein synthesis and secretion into the circulation and inhibition of β-oxidation of fatty acids. Role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases-1 and -2 and the reversible conversion of cortisol to cortisone on intracellular levels of cortisol is examined. In addition, GC control of osteocalcin expression and the effect of this bone-derived hormone in increasing insulin sensitivity are discussed. Finally, research focused on gaining a better understanding of the dose and duration of treatment with glucocorticoids, which leads to increased triglyceride deposition in the liver, and the reversibility of the condition is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Rahimi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aman Rajpal
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Faramarz Ismail-Beigi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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The clinicopathological significance of the adipophilin and fatty acid synthase expression in salivary duct carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2020; 477:291-299. [PMID: 32103349 PMCID: PMC7371671 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02777-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive, uncommon tumor histologically comparable to high-grade mammary ductal carcinoma. SDCs are usually androgen receptor (AR)–positive and often HER2-positive. Recently, therapies targeting these molecules for SDC have attracted attention. Lipid metabolism changes have been described in association with biological behavior in various cancers, although no such relationship has yet been reported for SDC. We therefore analyzed the clinicopathological relevance of the immunohistochemical expression of adipophilin (ADP) and fatty acid synthase (FASN), representative lipid metabolism–related proteins, in 147 SDCs. ADP and FASN were variably immunoreactive in most SDCs (both 99.3%), and the ADP and FASN expression was negatively correlated (P = 0.014). ADP-positive (≥ 5%) SDCs more frequently exhibited a prominent nuclear pleomorphism and high-Ki-67 labeling index than those ADP-negative (P = 0.013 and 0.011, respectively). In contrast, a high FASN score, calculated by the staining proportion and intensity, (≥ 120) was correlated with the high expression of AR and FOXA1 (P < 0.001 and = 0.003, respectively). The ADP and FASN expression differed significantly among the subtypes based on biomarker immunoprofiling, as assessed by the AR, HER2, and Ki-67 status (P = 0.017 and 0.003, respectively). A multivariate analysis showed that ADP-positive expression was associated with a shorter overall and progression-free survival (P = 0.018 and 0.003, respectively). ADP was associated with an aggressive histopathology and unfavorable prognosis, and FASN may biologically interact with the AR signaling pathway in SDC. ADP may, therefore, be a new prognostic indicator and therapeutic target in SDC.
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Cruz MM, Simão JJ, de Sá RDCC, Farias TSM, da Silva VS, Abdala F, Antraco VJ, Armelin-Correa L, Alonso-Vale MIC. Palmitoleic Acid Decreases Non-alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis and Increases Lipogenesis and Fatty Acid Oxidation in Adipose Tissue From Obese Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:537061. [PMID: 33117273 PMCID: PMC7561405 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.537061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7), a monounsaturated fatty acid, increases the metabolic and oxidative capacity of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Herein, the effect of 16:1n7 supplementation on metabolic parameters on white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver of obese mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) was addressed by analyzing metabolic (dys)function and altered genes expression in adipose tissue, as well as liver and serum biochemistry analysis. For this purpose, mice were induced to obesity for 8 weeks, and from the 5th week, they received 16:1n7 (300 mg/kg per day) or water for 30 days, by gavage. Subcutaneous inguinal (ING) and epididymal (EPI) WAT were removed for analysis of metabolic, (anti)inflammatory, adipogenic, and thermogenic genes expression by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, metabolic activities of isolated adipocytes, such as glucose uptake, lipogenesis (triacylglycerol esterification), β-oxidation, and lipolysis in ING adipocytes, were also assessed. Despite the higher fat intake, the HFD group showed lower food intake but higher body weight, increased glucose, significant dyslipidemia, and increased liver and adipose depot mass, accompanied by liver steatosis. The 16:1n7 supplementation slowed down the body mass gain and prevented the increase of lipids in the liver. HFD+n7 animals presented increased fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis compared to control, but no effect was observed on lipolysis and glucose uptake in ING isolated adipocytes. Besides, 16:1n7 increased the content of the mRNA encoding FABP4, but partially prevented the expression of genes encoding ATGL, HSL, perilipin, lipin, C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, C/EBP-β, CPT1, NRF1, TFAM, PRDM16, and nitric oxide synthase 2 in ING depot from HFD group of animals. Finally, HFD increased Mcp1 and Tnfα expression, and 16:1n7 promoted a more marked increase in it. In summary, the data show that palmitoleic acid promotes metabolic changes and partially prevents the increase in gene expression on adipocytes triggered by obesity, suggesting that HFD+n7 animals do not require the same magnitude of metabolic adaptation to cope with energy demand from the HFD. In the long term, the effects of 16:1n7 may be more evident and beneficial for the function/dysfunction of WAT from an obese organism, with relevant repercussions in the systemic metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa M. Cruz
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Jussara J. Simão
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Roberta D. C. C. de Sá
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Talita S. M. Farias
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Viviane S. da Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Abdala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Vitor J. Antraco
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Lucia Armelin-Correa
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel C. Alonso-Vale
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Isabel C. Alonso-Vale
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Wen R, Gan X, Hu S, Gao S, Deng Y, Qiu J, Sun W, Li L, Han C, Hu J, Wang J. Evidence for the existence of de novo lipogenesis in goose granulosa cells. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1023-1030. [PMID: 30376078 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is an important physiological mechanism, but it is poorly understood in avian follicles. The protein distribution patterns of three key genes related to DNL (i.e., FAS, ACC, and PPARγ) were firstly determined in geese developing follicles using immunohistochemistry, and our results showed that all three proteins were present in both prehierarchical and hierarchical follicles. Furthermore, it was revealed by qPCR that transcripts of these three genes were widely expressed in theca and granulosa layers of all staged follicles; however, the expression of DNL-related genes in granulosa cell changed significantly (P < 0.05) after follicle selection (FAS and PPARγ) and before ovulation (FAS). It is suggested that the DNL mechanism may be closely related to the follicular selection, while FAS may be closely associated with ovulation and steroidogenesis. These results suggested that DNL exists throughout follicle development and it potentially have an important role in the process of follicular selection, development, steroidogenesis, and ovulation, especially in their granulosa layers. To further demonstrate this point, granulosa cells isolated from hierarchical follicles were cultured in vitro. By analyzing the mRNA and protein expression patterns of these three genes, the fatty acid synthase enzyme activity, the contents of extracellular triglyceride, and intracellular lipids, as well as the cell activity at different time points of in vitro culture (0, 6, 12, and 18 h). These findings not only ensured the existence of DNL in the granulosa cells of goose follicles, but also suggested the complex process of lipid metabolism that associated with DNL, may play an important role in cell proliferation and physiological functions. Taken together, we first confirmed the existence of lipid metabolism, especially the DNL in goose follicles, and further suggested its role in the follicles, especially in the granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shenqiang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shanyan Gao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiamin Qiu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chunchun Han
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Ulrich CM, Himbert C, Holowatyj AN, Hursting SD. Energy balance and gastrointestinal cancer: risk, interventions, outcomes and mechanisms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:683-698. [PMID: 30158569 PMCID: PMC6500387 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of multiple gastrointestinal cancers and worsens disease outcomes. Conversely, strong inverse associations have emerged between physical activity and colon cancer and possibly other gastrointestinal malignancies. The effect of weight loss interventions - such as modifications of diet and/or physical activity or bariatric surgery - remains unclear in patients who are obese and have gastrointestinal cancer, although large clinical trials are underway. Human intervention studies have already shed light on potential mechanisms underlying the energy balance-cancer relationship, with preclinical models supporting emerging pathway effects. Central to interventions that reduce obesity or increase physical activity are pluripotent cancer-preventive effects (including reduced systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and angiogenesis, altered adipokine levels and improved insulin resistance) that directly interface with the hallmarks of cancer. Other mechanisms, such as DNA repair, oxidative stress and telomere length, immune function, effects on cancer stem cells and the microbiome, could also contribute to energy balance effects on gastrointestinal cancers. Although some mechanisms are well understood (for instance, systemic effects on inflammation and insulin signalling), other areas remain unclear. The current state of knowledge supports the need to better integrate mechanistic approaches with preclinical and human studies to develop effective, personalized diet and exercise interventions to reduce the burden of obesity on gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,
| | - Caroline Himbert
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andreana N. Holowatyj
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Spexin: A novel regulator of adipogenesis and fat tissue metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1228-1236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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35
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36
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Thuzar M, Law WP, Ratnasingam J, Jang C, Dimeski G, Ho KKY. Glucocorticoids suppress brown adipose tissue function in humans: A double-blind placebo-controlled study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:840-848. [PMID: 29119718 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of glucocorticoids on brown adipose tissue (BAT) function in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized double-blind cross-over design, 13 healthy adults underwent 1 week of oral prednisolone treatment (15 mg/d) and placebo with an intervening 2-week wash-out period. BAT function was assessed in response to cooling (19°C) and to a standardized meal, by measuring fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake using positron emission tomography-computed tomography and skin temperatures overlying the supraclavicular (SCL) BAT depots using infrared thermography. Postprandial energy and substrate metabolism was assessed by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS During cooling, prednisolone significantly reduced BAT FDG uptake (standardized uptake value, SUVmax, 6.1 ± 2.2 vs 3.7 ± 1.2; P < .05) and SCL temperature (-0.45 ± 0.1 vs -1.0 ± 0.1°C; P < .01) compared to placebo. Postprandially, prednisolone significantly blunted the rise in SCL temperature (+0.2 ± 0.1 vs -0.3 ± 0.1°C; P < .05), enhanced energy production (+221 ± 17 vs +283 ± 27 kcal/d; P < .01) and lipid synthesis (+16.3 ± 3.2 vs +23.6 ± 4.9 mg/min; P < .05). The prednisolone-induced reduction in SCL temperature significantly correlated with the reduction in FDG uptake (r = 0.65, P < .05), while the increase in energy production significantly correlated with the increase in lipogenesis (r = 0.6, P < .05). CONCLUSION Prolonged exposure to glucocorticoid suppresses the function of human BAT. The enhancement of energy production and lipogenesis in the face of reduced dissipation of energy as heat suggests that glucocorticoids channel energy towards fat storage after nutrient intake. This is a novel mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Thuzar
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Weikiat Phillip Law
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeyakantha Ratnasingam
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christina Jang
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Goce Dimeski
- Chemical Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ken K Y Ho
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Chronic low-dose glucocorticoid treatment increases subcutaneous abdominal fat, but not visceral fat, of male Wistar rats. Life Sci 2017; 190:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Multiple-stressor effects in an apex predator: combined influence of pollutants and sea ice decline on lipid metabolism in polar bears. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16487. [PMID: 29184161 PMCID: PMC5705648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence from experimental and human epidemiological studies that many pollutants can disrupt lipid metabolism. In Arctic wildlife, the occurrence of such compounds could have serious consequences for seasonal feeders. We set out to study whether organohalogenated compounds (OHCs) could cause disruption of energy metabolism in female polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Svalbard, Norway (n = 112). We analyzed biomarkers of energy metabolism including the abundance profiles of nine lipid-related genes, fatty acid (FA) synthesis and elongation indices in adipose tissue, and concentrations of lipid-related variables in plasma (cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides). Furthermore, the plasma metabolome and lipidome were characterized by low molecular weight metabolites and lipid fingerprinting, respectively. Polychlorinated biphenyls, chlordanes, brominated diphenyl ethers and perfluoroalkyl substances were significantly related to biomarkers involved in lipid accumulation, FA metabolism, insulin utilization, and cholesterol homeostasis. Moreover, the effects of pollutants were measurable at the metabolome and lipidome levels. Our results indicate that several OHCs affect lipid biosynthesis and catabolism in female polar bears. Furthermore, these effects were more pronounced when combined with reduced sea ice extent and thickness, suggesting that climate-driven sea ice decline and OHCs have synergistic negative effects on polar bears.
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Geisler CE, Renquist BJ. Hepatic lipid accumulation: cause and consequence of dysregulated glucoregulatory hormones. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:R1-R21. [PMID: 28428362 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver can be diet, endocrine, drug, virus or genetically induced. Independent of cause, hepatic lipid accumulation promotes systemic metabolic dysfunction. By acting as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands, hepatic non-esterified fatty acids upregulate expression of gluconeogenic, beta-oxidative, lipogenic and ketogenic genes, promoting hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and ketosis. The typical hormonal environment in fatty liver disease consists of hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, hypercortisolemia, growth hormone deficiency and elevated sympathetic tone. These endocrine and metabolic changes further encourage hepatic steatosis by regulating adipose tissue lipolysis, liver lipid uptake, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), beta-oxidation, ketogenesis and lipid export. Hepatic lipid accumulation may be induced by 4 separate mechanisms: (1) increased hepatic uptake of circulating fatty acids, (2) increased hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis, (3) decreased hepatic beta-oxidation and (4) decreased hepatic lipid export. This review will discuss the hormonal regulation of each mechanism comparing multiple physiological models of hepatic lipid accumulation. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is typified by increased hepatic lipid uptake, synthesis, oxidation and export. Chronic hepatic lipid signaling through PPARgamma results in gene expression changes that allow concurrent activity of DNL and beta-oxidation. The importance of hepatic steatosis in driving systemic metabolic dysfunction is highlighted by the common endocrine and metabolic disturbances across many conditions that result in fatty liver. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the metabolic dysfunction that develops as a consequence of hepatic lipid accumulation is critical to identifying points of intervention in this increasingly prevalent disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Geisler
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Benjamin J Renquist
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Rosqvist F, Bjermo H, Kullberg J, Johansson L, Michaëlsson K, Ahlström H, Lind L, Risérus U. Fatty acid composition in serum cholesterol esters and phospholipids is linked to visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue content in elderly individuals: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:68. [PMID: 28372558 PMCID: PMC5379570 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and truncal fat predict cardiometabolic disease. Intervention trials suggest that saturated fatty acids (SFA), e.g. palmitic acid, promote abdominal and liver fat storage whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), e.g. linoleic acid, prevent fat accumulation. Such findings require investigation in population-based studies of older individuals. We aimed to investigate the relationships of serum biomarkers of PUFA intake as well as serum levels of palmitic acid, with abdominal and total adipose tissue content. METHODS In a population-based sample of 287 elderly subjects in the PIVUS cohort, we assessed fatty acid composition in serum cholesterol esters (CE) and phospholipids (PL) by gas chromatography and the amount of VAT and abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), liver fat by MR spectroscopy (MRS), and total body fat, trunk fat and leg fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR. RESULTS VAT and trunk fat showed the strongest correlation with insulin resistance (r = 0.49, P < 0.001). Linoleic acid in both CE and PL was inversely related to all body fat depots (r = -0.24 to -0.33, P < 0.001) including liver fat measured in a sub-group (r = -0.26, P < 0.05, n = 73), whereas n-3 PUFA showed weak inverse (18:3n-3) or positive (20:5n-3) associations. Palmitic acid in CE, but not in PL, was directly correlated with VAT (r = 0.19, P < 0.001) and trunk fat (r = 0.18, P = 0.003). Overall, the significant associations remained after adjusting for energy intake, height, alcohol, sex, smoking, education and physical activity. The inverse correlation between linoleic acid and VAT remained significant after further adjustment for total body fat. CONCLUSIONS Serum linoleic acid is inversely related to body fat storage including VAT and trunk fat whereas palmitic acid was less consistently but directly associated, in line with recent feeding studies. Considering the close link between VAT and insulin resistance, a potential preventive role of plant-based PUFA in VAT accumulation warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Bjermo
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Johansson
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhang P, Li L, Bao Z, Huang F. Role of BAF60a/BAF60c in chromatin remodeling and hepatic lipid metabolism. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:30. [PMID: 27127533 PMCID: PMC4848843 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The switching defective/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) complexes play an important role in hepatic lipid metabolism regulating both transcriptional activation and repression. BAF60a is a core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes that activates the transcription of fatty acid oxidation genes during fasting/glucagon. BAF60c, another subunit of SWI/SNF complexes, is recruited to form the lipoBAF complex that activates lipogenic genes, promoting lipogenesis and increasing the triglyceride level in response to feeding/insulin. Interestingly, hepatocytes located in the periportal and perivenous zones of the liver display a remarkable heterogeneity in the activity of various enzymes, metabolic functions and gene expression. Especially, fatty-acid oxidation was shown to be mostly periportal, whereas lipogenesis was mostly perivenous. Therefore, the present review highlights the role of of SWI/SNF regulating lipid metabolism under nutritional and hormonal control, which may be associated with hepatocyte heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhengxi Bao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Feiruo Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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42
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Escobar S, Rocha A, Felip A, Carrillo M, Zanuy S, Kah O, Servili A. Leptin receptor gene in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Cloning, phylogeny, tissue distribution and neuroanatomical organization. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 229:100-11. [PMID: 26979276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the cloning of three transcripts for leptin receptor in the European sea bass, a marine teleost of economic interest. The two shortest variants, generated by different splice sites, encode all functional extracellular and intracellular domains but missed the transmembrane domain. The resulting proteins are therefore potential soluble binding proteins for leptin. The longest transcript (3605bp), termed sblepr, includes all the essential domains for binding and transduction of the signal. Thus, it is proposed as the ortholog for the human LEPR gene, the main responsible for leptin signaling. Phylogenetic analysis shows the sblepr clustered within the teleost leptin receptor group in 100% of the bootstrap replicates. The neuroanatomical localization of sblepr expressing cells has been assessed by in situ hybridization in brains of sea bass of both sexes during their first sexual maturation. At histological level, the distribution pattern of sblepr expressing cells in the brain shows no clear differences regarding sex or reproductive season. Transcripts of the sblepr have a widespread distribution throughout the forebrain and midbrain until the caudal portion of the hypothalamus. A high hybridization signal is detected in the telencephalon, preoptic area, medial basal and caudal hypothalamus and in the pituitary gland. In a more caudal region, sblepr expressing cells are identified in the longitudinal torus. The expression pattern observed for sblepr suggests that in sea bass, leptin is very likely to be involved in the control of food intake, energy reserves and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Escobar
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Ana Rocha
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Alicia Felip
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Manuel Carrillo
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Silvia Zanuy
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Olivier Kah
- Team NEED, Research Institute for Health, Environment and Occupation, INSERM U1085, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, France.
| | - Arianna Servili
- Team NEED, Research Institute for Health, Environment and Occupation, INSERM U1085, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, France
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43
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Zhang J, Ma J, Long K, Jin L, Liu Y, Zhou C, Tian S, Chen L, Luo Z, Tang Q, Jiang A, Wang X, Wang D, Jiang Z, Wang J, Li X, Li M. Dynamic gene expression profiles during postnatal development of porcine subcutaneous adipose. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1768. [PMID: 26989614 PMCID: PMC4793310 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the control of lipogenesis is of critical importance for both human and animal physiology. This requires a better knowledge of the changes of gene expression during the process of adipose tissue development. Thus, the objective of the current study was to determine the effects of development on subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression in growing and adult pigs. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of mRNA transcriptomes in porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue across four developmental stages using digital gene expression profiling. We identified 3,274 differential expressed genes associated with oxidative stress, immune processes, apoptosis, energy metabolism, insulin stimulus, cell cycle, angiogenesis and translation. A set of universally abundant genes (ATP8, COX2, COX3, ND1, ND2, SCD and TUBA1B) was found across all four developmental stages. This set of genes may play important roles in lipogenesis and development. We also identified development-related gene expression patterns that are linked to the different adipose phenotypes. We showed that genes enriched in significantly up-regulated profiles were associated with phosphorylation and angiogenesis. In contrast, genes enriched in significantly down-regulated profiles were related to cell cycle and cytoskeleton organization, suggesting an important role for these biological processes in adipose growth and development. These results provide a resource for studying adipose development and promote the pig as a model organism for researching the development of human obesity, as well as being used in the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.,Department of Animal Science, Southwest University at Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Keren Long
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Yihui Liu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaowei Zhou
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China.,Department of Aquaculture, Southwest University at Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Shilin Tian
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Zonggang Luo
- Department of Animal Science, Southwest University at Rongchang, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - An'an Jiang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
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Huber B, Kluger PJ. Decelerating Mature Adipocyte Dedifferentiation by Media Composition. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:1237-45. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Huber
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Petra J. Kluger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Process Analysis & Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Reutlingen, Germany
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45
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Xue B, Nie J, Wang X, DuBois DC, Jusko WJ, Almon RR. Effects of High Fat Feeding on Adipose Tissue Gene Expression in Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9:15-26. [PMID: 26309393 PMCID: PMC4533846 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s25172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development and progression of type 2 diabetes is a complex interaction between genetics and environmental influences. High dietary fat is one environmental factor that is conducive to the development of insulin-resistant diabetes. In the present report, we compare the responses of lean poly-genic, diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats to those of control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats fed a high fat diet from weaning to 20 weeks of age. This comparison included a wide array of physiological measurements along with gene expression profiling of abdominal adipose tissue using Affymetrix gene array chips. Animals of both strains fed a high fat diet or a normal diet were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks for this comparison. The microarray analysis revealed that the two strains developed different adaptations to increased dietary fat. WKY rats decrease fatty acid synthesis and lipogenic processes whereas GK rats increase lipid elimination. However, on both diets the major differences between the two strains remained essentially the same. Specifically relative to the WKY strain, the GK strain showed lipoatrophy, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Xue
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Debra C DuBois
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Richard R Almon
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Cervantes-Madrid D, Dueñas-González A. Antitumor effects of a drug combination targeting glycolysis, glutaminolysis and de novo synthesis of fatty acids. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1533-42. [PMID: 26134042 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong rationale for targeting the metabolic alterations of cancer cells. The most studied of these are the higher rates of glycolysis, glutaminolysis and de novo synthesis of fatty acids (FAs). Despite the availability of pharmacological inhibitors of these pathways, no preclinical studies targeting them simultaneously have been performed. In the present study it was determined whether three key enzymes for glycolysis, glutaminolysis and de novo synthesis of FAs, hexokinase-2, glutaminase and fatty acid synthase, respectively, were overexpressed as compared to primary fibroblasts. In addition, we showed that at clinically relevant concentrations lonidamine, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine and orlistat, known inhibitors of the mentioned enzymes, exerted a cell viability inhibitory effect. Genetic downregulation of the three enzymes also reduced cell viability. The three drugs were highly synergistic when administered as a triple combination. Of note, the cytotoxicity of the triple combination was low in primary fibroblasts and was well tolerated when administered into healthy BALB/c mice. The results suggest the feasibility and potential clinical utility of the triple metabolic targeting which merits to be further studied by using either repositioned old drugs or newer, more selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cervantes-Madrid
- Division of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
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Papageorgiou AP, Heggermont W, Rienks M, Carai P, Langouche L, Verhesen W, De Boer RA, Heymans S. Liver X receptor activation enhances CVB3 viral replication during myocarditis by stimulating lipogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:78-88. [PMID: 25998987 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Viral myocarditis (VM) is severe cardiac inflammation that can result in sudden death or congestive heart failure in previously healthy adults, with no effective therapy. Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists have both anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering properties. This study investigates whether LXR agonist T0901317 may modulate viral replication and cardiac inflammation during VM. METHODS AND RESULTS (i) Adult mice were administered T0901317 or vehicle with the onset of inflammation during CVB3 virus myocarditis or (ii) treated 2 days prior to CVB3 infection. Against what we expected, T0901317 treatment did not alter leucocyte infiltration after CVB3 infection; yet pre-administration with T0901317 resulted in increased mortality upon CVB3 infection, higher cardiac viral presence, and increased cardiomyocyte damage when compared with the vehicle. Furthermore, we show a correlation of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) with CVB3 viral load in the heart and that T0901317 is able to enhance the cardiac expression of FAS and SREBP-1c. Finally, we show in vitro that T0901317 is able to exaggerate CVB3-mediated damage of Vero cells, whereas inhibitors of FAS and the SREBP-1c reduce the viral presence of CVB3 in neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION LXR agonism does not modulate cardiac inflammation, but exacerbates virus-mediated myocardial damage during VM by stimulating lipid biosynthesis and enhancing CVB3 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Pia Papageorgiou
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology (CMVB), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium CArdiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ward Heggermont
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology (CMVB), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium CArdiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Rienks
- CArdiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Carai
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology (CMVB), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium CArdiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lies Langouche
- Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Verhesen
- CArdiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A De Boer
- University Medical Center, Groningen University, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology (CMVB), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium CArdiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands ICIN - Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Su Y, Luo YH, Zhang LL, Smidt H, Zhu WY. Responses in gut microbiota and fat metabolism to a halogenated methane analogue in Sprague Dawley rats. Microb Biotechnol 2015; 8:519-26. [PMID: 25752448 PMCID: PMC4408184 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on germ-free mice show that intestinal methanogens may be closely associated with host's adipose metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate effects of inhibition of intestinal methanogen populations on host fat metabolism by establishing a healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model through the intragastric administration of bromochlordomethane (BCM). Forty-five 8-week old healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups including one control and four BCM treatments. The experiment lasted 60 days with two separate 30-day experimental periods. At the end of first period, three BCM treatment groups were further used: one group continued with BCM treatment, one group stopped with BCM treatment, and the other one inoculated with faecal mixture of methanogens from rats. Results showed that the methanogen population in feces was reduced sixfold with no effect on the bacterial community by daily dosing with BCM. Daily gain, epididymal fat pad weight, levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol were significantly higher in the BCM-treated animals, while the high-density lipoprotein was lower than that of the control. The expression of PPARγ, LPL, PP2A, SREBP-1c, ChREBP, FASN and adiponectin genes in BCM treatment group was universally upregulated, while the expression of Fiaf gene was downregulated. After termination of BCM treatment and followed either with or without re-inocubation with faecal methanogen mixture, the rats had their faecal methanogen populations, blood parameters and gene expression returned to the original level. Results suggest that regulation of gut methanogens might be a possible approach to control host body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Nikolić M, Macut D, Djordjevic A, Veličković N, Nestorović N, Bursać B, Antić IB, Macut JB, Matić G, Vojnović Milutinović D. Possible involvement of glucocorticoids in 5α-dihydrotestosterone-induced PCOS-like metabolic disturbances in the rat visceral adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:22-31. [PMID: 25179821 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive and metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, visceral obesity and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that changes in glucocorticoid metabolism and signaling in the visceral adipose tissue may contribute to disturbances of lipid metabolism in the rat model of PCOS obtained by 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment of prepubertal female Wistar rats. The results confirmed that DHT treatment caused anovulation, obesity and dyslipidemia. Enhanced glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism, assessed by elevated intracellular corticosterone and increased 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 mRNA and protein levels, was accompanied by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) nuclear accumulation. In concert with the increased expression of GR-regulated prolipogenic genes (lipin-1, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1, fatty acid synthase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), histological analyses revealed hypertrophic adipocytes. The results suggest that glucocorticoids influence lipid metabolism in the visceral adipose tissue in the way that may contribute to pathogenesis of metabolic disturbances associated with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nikolić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Nataša Veličković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Nataša Nestorović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bursać
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Ivana Božić Antić
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | | | - Gordana Matić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) and their cognate, intracellular receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) have been characterized as critical checkpoints in the hormonal control of energy homeostasis in mammals. Whereas physiological levels of GCs are required for proper metabolic control, aberrant GC action has been linked to a variety of severe metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. As a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, the GR translocates into the cell nucleus upon GC binding where it serves as a transcriptional regulator of distinct GC-responsive target genes that are in many cases associated with lipid regulatory pathways and thereby intricately control both physiological and pathophysiological systemic lipid homeostasis. Thus, this chapter focuses on the current knowledge of GC/GR function in lipid handling and its implications for systemic metabolic dysfunction.
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