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Liang C, Fu R, Chen D, Tian G, He J, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu B. Effects of mixed fibres and essential oils blend on growth performance and intestinal barrier function of piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1356-1367. [PMID: 37555469 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing mixed dietary fibres (MDF) and essential oils blend (EOB) either alone or in combination on growth performance and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC). Forty-two piglets (28 days old) were randomly allocated into six treatments in a 25-day experiment, and fed the basal diet (CON or ETEC) either with antibiotics (AT), MDF, EOB or MDF + EOB. On Day 22 of the experiment, pigs in CON and challenged groups (ETEC, AT, MDF, EOB and MDF + EOB) were orally administered sterile saline and ETEC containing 6 × 1010 CFU/kg body weight respectively. On Day 26, all pigs were euthanized to collect samples. Before ETEC challenge, piglets in MDF and EOB had lower diarrhoea incidence (p < 0.01) than others. After ETEC challenge, piglets in ETEC had lower average daily gain and higher diarrhoea incidence (p < 0.05) than those of CON. Furthermore, compared to CON, ETEC group increased the serum lipopolysaccharide concentration and diamine oxidase activity, and decreased mRNA levels of genes relating to barrier function (aquaporin 3, AQP3; mucin1, MUC1; zonula occludens-1, ZO-1; Occludin), and increased the concentration of cytokines (interleukin-1β/4/6/10, IL-1β/4/6/10) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05). However, these deleterious effects induced by ETEC were partly alleviated by MDF, EOB, MDF + EOB and AT. Additionally, compared to ETEC group, MDF increased Bifidobacterium abundance in cecal digesta and butyrate concentration in colonic digesta (p < 0.05). Also, EOB improved propionate concentration in cecal digesta, and MDF + EOB decreased IL-10 concentration in jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05) compared with ETEC. Conclusively, MDF and EOB either alone or in combination can improve growth performance and alleviate diarrhoea via improving intestinal barrier function of piglets after ETEC challenge, and all may serve as potential alternatives to AT for piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Runqi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Liu J, Ma X, Zhuo Y, Xu S, Hua L, Li J, Feng B, Fang Z, Jiang X, Che L, Zhu Z, Lin Y, Wu D. The Effects of Bacillus subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and the gut microbiota in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad257. [PMID: 37583344 PMCID: PMC10449409 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of different Bacillus subtilis QST713 doses and a B. subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase mix on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. In total, 320 healthy piglets were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) control group (basal diet), 2) BS100 group (basal diet plus 100 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713), 3) BS200 group (basal diet plus 200 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713), and 4) a BS100XT group (basal diet plus 100 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713 and 150 mg/kg β-mannanase). The study duration was 42 d. We showed that feed intake in weaned piglets on days 1 to 21 was increased in group BS100 (P < 0.05), and that the feed conversion ratio in group BS100XT animals decreased throughout the study (P < 0.05). In terms of microbial counts, the BS100XT group showed reduced Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens numbers on day 21 (P < 0.05). Moreover, no significant α-diversity differences were observed across all groups during the study (P > 0.05). However, principal coordinates analysis indicated clear separations in bacterial community structures across groups (analysis of similarities: P < 0.05) on days 21 and 42. Additionally, E-cadherin, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression in piglet feces increased (P < 0.05) by adding B. subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase to diets. Notably, this addition decreased short-chain fatty acid concentrations. In conclusion, B. subtilis QST713 addition or combined B. subtilis QST713 plus β-mannanase effectively improved growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and microbial balance in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiangyuan Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhu
- Elanco Animal Health, Mutiara Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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Grześkowiak Ł, Saliu EM, Martínez-Vallespín B, Aschenbach JR, Brockmann GA, Fulde M, Hartmann S, Kuhla B, Lucius R, Metges CC, Rothkötter HJ, Vahjen W, Wessels AG, Zentek J. Dietary fiber and its role in performance, welfare, and health of pigs. Anim Health Res Rev 2022; 23:165-193. [PMID: 36688278 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252322000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) is receiving increasing attention, and its importance in pig nutrition is now acknowledged. Although DF for pigs was frowned upon for a long time because of reductions in energy intake and digestibility of other nutrients, it has become clear that feeding DF to pigs can affect their well-being and health. This review aims to summarize the state of knowledge of studies on DF in pigs, with an emphasis on the underlying mode of action, by considering research using DF in sows as well as suckling and weaned piglets, and fattening pigs. These studies indicate that DF can benefit the digestive tracts and the health of pigs, if certain conditions or restrictions are considered, such as concentration in the feed and fermentability. Besides the chemical composition and the impact on energy and nutrient digestibility, it is also necessary to evaluate the possible physical and physiologic effects on intestinal function and intestinal microbiota, to better understand the relation of DF to animal health and welfare. Future research should be designed to provide a better mechanistic understanding of the physiologic effects of DF in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ł Grześkowiak
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - E-M Saliu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Martínez-Vallespín
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - G A Brockmann
- Breeding Biology and Molecular Animal Breeding, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Fulde
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Hartmann
- Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Kuhla
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - R Lucius
- Institute of Molecular Parasitology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - C C Metges
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - H J Rothkötter
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - W Vahjen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A G Wessels
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Schulze Holthausen J, Schregel J, Sciascia QL, Li Z, Tuchscherer A, Vahjen W, Metges CC, Zentek J. Effects of Oral Glutamine Supplementation, Birthweight and Age on Colonic Morphology and Microbiome Development in Male Suckling Piglets. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101899. [PMID: 36296176 PMCID: PMC9612066 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality, impaired development and metabolic dysfunctions of suckling low-birthweight piglets may be influenced by modulating the intestinal microbiome through glutamine supplementation. Therefore, this study examined whether glutamine supplementation may affect the colonic development and microbiome composition of male low- and normal-birthweight piglets at 5 and 12 days of age. Suckling piglets were supplemented orally with glutamine or alanine. Colonic digesta samples were obtained for 16S rDNA sequencing, determination of bacterial metabolites and histomorphological tissue analyses. Glutamine-supplemented piglets had lower concentrations of cadaverine and spermidine in the colonic digesta (p < 0.05) and a higher number of CD3+ colonic intraepithelial lymphocytes compared to alanine-supplemented piglets (p < 0.05). Low-birthweight piglets were characterised by a lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, the genera Negativibacillus and Faecalibacterium and a higher abundance of Alistipes (p < 0.05). Concentrations of cadaverine and total biogenic amines (p < 0.05) and CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (p < 0.05) were lower in low- compared with normal-birthweight piglets. In comparison to the factor age, glutamine supplementation and birthweight were associated with minor changes in microbial and histological characteristics of the colon, indicating that ontogenetic factors play a more important role in intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schulze Holthausen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-838-53984
| | - Johannes Schregel
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Quentin L. Sciascia
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Zeyang Li
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genetic and Biometry, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Wilfried Vahjen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia C. Metges
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Zhu Q, Song M, Azad MAK, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Blachier F, Yin Y, Kong X. Probiotics or synbiotics addition to sows' diets alters colonic microbiome composition and metabolome profiles of offspring pigs. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:934890. [PMID: 36060747 PMCID: PMC9428521 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.934890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Little information exists about the effects of maternal probiotics and synbiotics addition on the gut microbiome and metabolome of offspring. The present study evaluated the effects of probiotics or synbiotics addition to sows' diets on colonic microbiota and their metabolites in offspring using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolome strategy. A total of 64 pregnant Bama mini-pigs were randomly divided into control, antibiotic, probiotics, and synbiotics groups and fed the corresponding experimental diets during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, two piglets per litter and eight piglets per group were selected and fed a basal diet. The β-diversity analysis showed that the colonic microbiota of offspring had a clear distinction among the four groups at 65 days of age. Maternal probiotics addition increased the Actinobacteria abundance at 65 days of age and Tenericutes and Firmicutes abundances at 95 days of age of offspring compared with the other three groups, whereas maternal antibiotic addition increased Spirochaetes and Proteobacteria abundances at 95 days of age of offspring compared with the other three groups. Metabolomic analysis showed that colonic metabolites were different between the groups, regardless of the days of age. Furthermore, both PICRUSt2 and enrichment analysis of metabolic pathways showed that maternal probiotics and synbiotics addition affected metabolism of carbohydrate, amino acid, cofactors and vitamins in the colonic microbiota. Compared with the control group, the colonic concentration of indole decreased and skatole increased in the probiotics group, whereas indole increased and skatole decreased in the synbiotics group. Maternal probiotics addition increased the colonic concentrations of acetate and butyrate at 65 and 125 days of age, whereas probiotics and synbiotics addition decreased short-chain fatty acids concentrations at 95 days of age. In addition, the colonic concentrations of putrescine, cadaverine, 1,7-heptanediamine, and spermidine were increased in the antibiotic, probiotics, and synbiotics groups compared with the control group at 95 days of age. The correlation analysis showed that Gemmiger, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium abundances were positively correlated with acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations; Gemmiger, Blautia, and Faecalibacterium were positively correlated with putrescine and spermidine; and Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, and Streptococcus were positively correlated with (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid. Collectively, these findings suggest that probiotics and synbiotics addition to sows' diets exerts effects on offspring pigs by altering gut microbiota composition and their metabolites. The potential beneficial effect on gut health is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingtong Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yating Cheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - François Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Mini-Pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
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Dietary Inclusion of Dried Chicory Root Affects Cecal Mucosa Proteome of Nursery Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131710. [PMID: 35804609 PMCID: PMC9264899 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A well-balanced diet seems to play a key role in disease prevention and health promotion in young animals. Therefore, many attempts have been made to supplement feeds with novel nutritional components, with potential prebiotic capacity. It seems that chicory root fulfils those criteria as it contains high amounts of inulin-type fructans. Hence, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with 4% dried chicory root on the cecal mucosa proteome of piglets. It is shown that this feed additive may affect cellular metabolism in the cecal epithelium and may be beneficial for gut health. Abstract Prebiotics are known to have many beneficial effects on intestinal health by modulating the gut microbiota composition, thereby affecting epithelial cell proliferation and metabolism. This study had two aims: (1) to identify the protein constituents in the cecal mucosa of 50-day-old healthy (PIC × Penarlan P76) barrows, and (2) to assess the effects of 4% inclusion of dried chicory root in a cereal-based diet on the cecal mucosa proteome changes. Pigs (eight per group) were randomly allotted to the groups and were fed a control diet from the tenth day of life (C) or a diet supplemented with 4% of died chicory root (CR), for 40 days. At the age of 50 days, animals were sacrificed and cecal tissue samples were collected. It was found that feeding a CR diet significantly decreased the expression of 16 cecal mucosa proteins. Among them, fifteen proteins were down-regulated, while only one (KRT20) was shown to be up-regulated when compared to the C group. Dietary supplementation with CR caused down-expression of metabolism-associated proteins including enzymes involved in the process of glycolysis (G6PD, TPI1, ALDH9A1, CKMT1 and AKR1A1) as well as those engaged in transcriptional and translational activity (PRPF19, EEF1G) and several structural proteins (ACTR3, KRT77, CAP1 and actin). From our findings, it is possible to conclude that dietary chicory root at 4% had beneficial effects on the gut health of pigs as indicated by a changed abundance of certain cecal proteins such as KRT20, SERPINB1, HSP27, ANAXA2 and ANAXA4.
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Zeilinger K, Hellmich J, Zentek J, Vahjen W. Novel ex vivo screening assay to preselect farm specific pre- and probiotics in pigs. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:567-581. [PMID: 34420495 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel rapid ex vivo assay was developed as part of a concept to determine potential tailor-made combinations of pre- and probiotics for individual farms. Sow faecal slurries from 20 German pig farms were anaerobically incubated with pre- and probiotics or their combinations together with pathogenic strains that are of interest in pig production. Aliquots of these slurries were then incubated with media containing antibiotic mixtures allowing only growth of the specific pathogen. Growth was monitored and lag time was used to determine the residual fitness of the pathogenic strains. The background growth could be inhibited for an Escherichia coli- and a Clostridium difficile- but not for a Clostridium perfringens strain. The prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and its combination with probiotics reduced the residual fitness of the E. coli strain in some farms. However, notable exceptions occurred in other farms where FOS increased the fitness of the E. coli strain. Generally, combinations of pre- and probiotics did not show additive effects on fitness for E. coli but displayed farm dependent differences. The effects of pre- and probiotics on the residual fitness of the C. difficile strain were less pronounced, but distinct differences between single application of prebiotics and their combination with probiotics were observed. It was concluded that the initial composition of the microbiota in the samples was more determinative for incubations with the C. difficile strain than for incubations with the E. coli strain, as the presumed fermentation of prebiotic products showed less influence on the fitness of the C. difficile strain. Farm dependent differences were pronounced for both pathogenic strains and therefore, this novel screening method offers a promising approach for pre-selecting pre- and probiotics for individual farms. However, evaluation of farm metadata (husbandry, feed, management) will be crucial in future studies to determine a tailor-made solution for combinations of pre- and probiotics for individual farms. Also, refinement of the ex vivo assay in terms of on-farm processing of samples and validation of unambiguous growth for pathogenic strains from individual farms should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zeilinger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Hellmich
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Vahjen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Chitosan-chelated zinc modulates ileal microbiota, ileal microbial metabolites, and intestinal function in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7529-7544. [PMID: 34491402 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of chitosan-chelated zinc on ileal microbiota, inflammatory response, and barrier function in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Piglets of the chitosan-chelated zinc treatment (Cs-Zn; 100 mg zinc + 766 mg chitosan/kg basal diet, from chitosan-chelated zinc) and the chitosan treatment (CS, 766 mg chitosan/kg basal diet) had significantly increased ileal villus height and the ratio of villi height to crypt depth. CS-Zn group piglets had a higher abundance of Lactobacillus in the ileal digesta, while the abundance of Streptococcus, Escherichia shigella, Actinobacillus, and Clostridium sensu stricto 6 was significantly decreased. The concentrations of propionate, butyrate, and lactate in the CS-Zn group piglets were significantly increased, while the pH value was significantly decreased. Furthermore, the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, MPO, and INF-γ in the ileal mucosa of the CS-Zn and the H-ZnO group (pharmacological dose of 1600 mg Zn/kg basal diet, from ZnO) were significantly lower than those of the control group fed with basal diet, and the mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB of the CS-Zn group was also reduced. In addition, the mRNA expression of IGF-1 was increased, the protein expression of occludin and claudin-1 was enhanced, while the mRNA expression of caspase 3 and caspase 8 was decreased in the CS-Zn group. These results suggest CS-Zn treatment could help modulate the composition of ileal microbiota, attenuate inflammatory response, and maintain the intestinal function in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli K88. KEY POINTS: • Chitosan-chelated zinc significantly modulated ileal microbiota. • Chitosan-chelated zinc can improve ileal health. • The ileal microbiota plays an important role in host health.
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Lepczyński A, Herosimczyk A, Barszcz M, Ożgo M, Michałek K, Grabowska M, Tuśnio A, Szczerbińska D, Skomiał J. Diet supplemented either with dried chicory root or chicory inulin significantly influence kidney and liver mineral content and antioxidative capacity in growing pigs. Animal 2021; 15:100129. [PMID: 33573962 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the Regulation No. 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and European Union Council, the use of antibiotics as a dietary supplements has been prohibited. It seems that the administration of prebiotics, instead of antibiotics, into the pig's diet, may regulate the intestinal microbiota and has a long-term health-related impact on the host. Inulin-type fructans can stimulate mineral absorption from the gut. Additionally, it may regulate energy metabolism and activate enzymatic mechanisms preventing oxidative stress. The goal of the present study was to estimate the influence of dietary supplementation with dried chicory root or native chicory inulin on 1) liver histology; 2) liver and kidney lipid metabolism indices, activity of selected enzymes, concentration of macro- and micronutrients and heavy metals; 3) blood plasma, liver and kidney oxidative stress biomarkers and 4) blood plasma water-electrolyte homeostasis indices in growing pigs. The nutritional study was conducted on 24 piglets assigned to 3 dietary groups (n = 8): control (C) fed a basal diet and two experimental groups receiving basal diet supplemented with 2% of inulin (IN) either 4% of dried chicory root (CR). The animals were fed with a group-specific diets for 40 days and then subjected to euthanasia. Subsequently, blood, liver and kidney samples were harvested for further processing. In the control and experimental groups, no apparent morphological abnormalities in the liver tissues were seen. The percent of periodic acid Schiff positive glycogen liver cells was significantly lower in the CR group as compared to C and IN groups (P < 0.001). Chicory root supplementation improved blood plasma prooxidative-antioxidative balance - PAB (P < 0.001) and liver PAB (P < 0.01) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (P < 0.05). Feeding the CR diet increased calcium (P < 0.001) and potassium (P < 0.05) and decreased cadmium (P ≥ 0.05) content in the liver when compared to the C group. Administration of the CR and IN diets increased selenium (Se) and sodium concentrations, whereas decreased zinc content both in the liver (P < 0.01; P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively) and in the kidney (P < 0.01; P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) of pigs. Additionally, a higher concentration of lead (P < 0.05) was observed in the kidney of pigs fed the CR diet. In conclusion, both dietary supplements had a potential to significantly improve the Se status and oxidoreductive homeostasis in growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - A Herosimczyk
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - M Barszcz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - M Ożgo
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - K Michałek
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - M Grabowska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Tuśnio
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - D Szczerbińska
- Department of Monogastric Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - J Skomiał
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
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Barbero-Becerra V, Juárez-Hernández E, Chávez-Tapia NC, Uribe M. Inulin as a Clinical Therapeutic Intervention in Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1867997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Juárez-Hernández
- Translational Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Misael Uribe
- Gastroenterology and Obesity Unit., Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wu Y, Zhao J, Xu C, Ma N, He T, Zhao J, Ma X, Thacker PA. Progress towards pig nutrition in the last 27 years. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5102-5110. [PMID: 29691867 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 27 years (1990-2017), based on the revolutionary progresses of basic nutrition research, novel methods and techniques have been developed which bring a profound technological revolution to pig production from free-range system to intensive farming all over the world. Basic theoretical innovations and feed production studies have provided vital advancements in pig nutrition by developing formula feed, utilizing balanced diets, determining feed energy value, dividing pig physiological stages, enhancing gut health, and improving feed processing technique. Formula feed is the primary contributor of the rise of the mechanized farming industry, and meets comprehensive nutritional needs of the pig. The focuses of the development of a balanced diet by optimizing nutrient levels are the amino acids balance, the balance between amino acids and energy, the balance between calcium and phosphorus. Multiple-site-production and targeted feeding program have been applied extensively. Early weaning of piglets improves production efficiency, but piglets that have not yet fully developed their intestine are prone to diarrhea. Therefore, intestinal health has received special attention in recent years. Feed processing technologies, such as granulation, puffing, fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis, can improve the utilization of feed nutrients and reduce production cost. However, increasing a sow's potential for production, seeking alternatives to antibiotics, reducing drug treatment in piglets, developing functional additives and improving meat quality remain future challenges. Herein, we outline the important progresses of pig nutrition in the past 27 years, which will shed light on the basic nutrition rules of pig production, and help to push forward its future development. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Phil A Thacker
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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12
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Diao H, Jiao A, Yu B, He J, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo Y, Luo J, Mao X, Chen D. Beet Pulp: An Alternative to Improve the Gut Health of Growing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101860. [PMID: 33065992 PMCID: PMC7600662 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary fiber on the gut health of growing pigs. In total, 30 growing pigs with an initial average body weight of 45.8 ± 2.78 kg were divided into three groups with 10 replicates per treatment, and one pig per replicate. The treatments included a corn-soybean meal-based diet (control group, 1.5% crude fiber (CF)), corn-soybean meal + beet pulp-based diet (beet pulp group, 5.74% CF) and corn-soybean meal-based diet (feed intake-pairing group (pairing group); the feed intake was equal to the beet pulp group, 1.5% CF). The whole trial lasted 28 days. The beet pulp group had a longer length of the large intestine, higher weight of the small intestine and whole intestine, greater density of the large intestine and whole intestine, and higher villus height in the jejunum and ileum than the control group (p < 0.05). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF), glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), and glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor (GLP-2R) in the duodenum, EGF and GLP-2 in the jejunum, EGF in the ileum, and GLP-2 in the colon were higher in the beet pulp group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the apparent total tract digestibility of crude ash, energy, dry matter (DM), and crude protein (CP) was lower in the beet pulp group than in the control group (p < 0.05), while the apparent total tract digestibility of CF, the activity of jejunal lactase, and the mRNA abundance of duodenal GLP-2 were higher in the beet pulp group than in the control and pairing groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the beet pulp group had more goblet cells in the colon, more Bifidobacterium spp. in the cecal digesta, higher concentrations of acetic acid and butyric acid in the cecal digesta, and higher mRNA abundance of duodenal regeneration protein Ⅲγ (REG-Ⅲγ), jejunal mucin 2 (MUC-2), and ileal G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR-43) than the control group (p < 0.05). However, these parameters did not differ between the control and pairing groups (p > 0.05). These findings indicate feeding a high-fiber diet (5.74% CF, obtained from beet pulp) to pigs could modulate the gut microbiota composition, increase the short-chain fatty-acid (SCFA) content in the hindgut, and improve gut health, which is independent of the feed intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Diao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya’an 625014, China; (H.D.); (A.J.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, No.7 Niusha Road, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Anran Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya’an 625014, China; (H.D.); (A.J.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya’an 625014, China; (H.D.); (A.J.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya’an 625014, China; (H.D.); (A.J.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya’an 625014, China; (H.D.); (A.J.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya’an 625014, China; (H.D.); (A.J.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya’an 625014, China; (H.D.); (A.J.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya’an 625014, China; (H.D.); (A.J.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya’an 625014, China; (H.D.); (A.J.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.M.); (D.C.); Tel.: +86-0835-2885106 (D.C.)
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46#, Ya’an 625014, China; (H.D.); (A.J.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.M.); (D.C.); Tel.: +86-0835-2885106 (D.C.)
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Csernus B, Czeglédi L. Physiological, antimicrobial, intestine morphological, and immunological effects of fructooligosaccharides in pigs. Arch Anim Breed 2020; 63:325-335. [PMID: 32964103 PMCID: PMC7500070 DOI: 10.5194/aab-63-325-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In pig nutrition, there are some periods when natural alternatives to
antibiotics are more required, such as during suckling and weaning.
Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) are a group of prebiotics applied as feed
ingredients in animal nutrition since their positive effects on growth
performance, immunological parameters, intestinal microbiota, and gut
morphology are reported. Accordingly, FOS may be candidate molecules to
improve the mentioned properties in pigs. Previous studies defined FOS as inhibiting
the activity of pathogens and increasing the colonization of beneficial
bacteria in the gut, although metabolites of FOS decreased the intestinal pH
value. Beneficial effects on digestive-enzyme activities and on protein
digestion were determined in some studies. All of the three types of FOS
(inulin, oligomeric fructans, and short-chain FOSs) promoted the microbial
composition of the gut by increasing the colonizations of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and
Prevotella genus. FOS also affected the immune response directly and indirectly and
increased vaccine-specific IgA, serum IgG, and IgE levels. Moreover, FOS
enhanced the activation of T cells and altered the secretions of some
cytokines. Levels of vaccine-specific IgG could not be increased after FOS
supplements. In most cases, FOS modified intestinal morphological
parameters, such as longer villi, villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio, and
thicker mucosa, which could suggest better absorptive functions. Results are
contradictory on growth performance, which might be influenced by the chemical
structure, the duration, and the dose of FOS, so further studies are
required. This review aims to gather information regarding immunological,
antimicrobial, intestine morphological, and growth performance properties of
fructooligosaccharides in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Csernus
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Levente Czeglédi
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
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Hu Y, Chen D, Yu B, Yan H, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, He J, Huang Z, Luo Y, Luo J, Zhang X, Luo L. Effects of dietary fibres on gut microbial metabolites and liver lipid metabolism in growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1484-1493. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaolian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
| | - Luhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‐Resistant Nutrition Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an People’s Republic of China
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Development of Swine's Digestive Tract Microbiota and Its Relation to Production Indices-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030527. [PMID: 32245217 PMCID: PMC7143181 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Proper cooperation between digestive system microbiota and the host is an important issue in maintaining proper health condition, and—in the case of farm animals—production indices. In the case of pigs, microbiota significantly affect production parameters such as meat quality, growth rate or improvement of immune response to infections. Understanding of pig digestive system microbiota and factors affecting this is an important issue. This may enable improvement of animal performance and stabilization of microbiota during their growth, reducing the risk of metabolic or systemic diseases. Abstract The development of research methods and tools related to microbiome investigation, as well as widened knowledge and awareness concerning the significance of microorganisms inhabiting mammalian organisms, has led to an increasing popularity of studies in this field. This review paper presents some issues related to the swine microbiome, its development starting from an early age of life and its status in adult animals, as well as factors affecting the microbiome in pigs. Attention is paid to the role of probiotics and prebiotics as alternatives to antibiotics in the context of post-weaning diarrhea treatment, and to the role of microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract of pigs in performance indices formation. In veterinary and pork production practice, understanding of the swine microbiome and its relationships with the host organism may be useful in the prevention of some diseases and also in improvement of performance results of animals.
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Herosimczyk A, Lepczyński A, Ożgo M, Tuśnio A, Taciak M, Barszcz M. Effect of dietary inclusion of 1% or 3% of native chicory inulin on the large intestinal mucosa proteome of growing pigs. Animal 2020; 14:1647-1658. [PMID: 32167440 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Native chicory inulin is one of the promising alternatives to replace antibiotic growth promoters in young animals. Several potential mechanisms of prebiotic action have been proposed, such as modification of the intestinal microbiota composition leading to improved epithelial integrity and gut mucosal immunity of the host. The current study was focused on inulin effect on the large intestinal proteome and its implications for gut barrier functions. Therefore, we used proteomic techniques to determine changes in the large intestinal mucosa proteome of growing pigs after 40-day supplementation with native chicory inulin. The experiment was performed on 24 piglets fed from the 10th day of life an unsupplemented cereal-based diet or inulin-enriched diets (1% or 3%) with an average degree of polymerisation ≥ 10. At the age of 50 days, animals were sacrificed and tissue samples were collected from the cecum, and proximal and distal colon. Feeding diets supplemented with both levels of native inulin increased cecal and colonic expression of molecular chaperones, protein foldases and antioxidant proteins, which are collectively responsible for maintaining mucosal cell integrity as well as protecting against endotoxins and reactive oxygen species. This may confirm the beneficial effect of inulin on the gut health in growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Herosimczyk
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Janickiego 29 Str., 71-270Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Janickiego 29 Str., 71-270Szczecin, Poland
| | - M Ożgo
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Janickiego 29 Str., 71-270Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Tuśnio
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Janickiego 29 Str., 71-270Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110Jabłonna, Poland
| | - M Taciak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110Jabłonna, Poland
| | - M Barszcz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110Jabłonna, Poland
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Hu P, Niu Q, Zhu Y, Shi C, Wang J, Zhu W. Effects of early commercial milk supplement on the mucosal morphology, bacterial community and bacterial metabolites in jejunum of the pre- and post-weaning piglets. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:480-489. [PMID: 31480171 PMCID: PMC7054622 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Sow milk (SM) may not be able to meet the piglet’s nutritional needs in late lactation. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of early commercial milk (CM) supplement on the mucosal morphology, bacterial community and bacterial metabolites in jejunum of piglets. Methods Ten litters of newborn piglets ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) were randomly divided into 2 groups of 5 litters. The piglets in the control group were suckled by the sow (SM), while the piglets in the treatment group (CM supplement) were supplemented with a CM supplement along with suckling from d 4 to d 28 of age. Results No significant differences were observed about jejunal mucosal morphology on d 28 and d 35 between two groups. On d 28, the activity of lactase in the jejunum was significantly decreased in the CM group, while the activity of sucrase and the ratio of maltase to lactase were significantly increased (p<0.05). On d 35, the activity of maltase in the jejunum was significantly increased in the CM group (p<0.05), and maltase to lactase ratio tended to increase in the CM group (p = 0.065). In addition, piglets in the CM group had a higher abundance of Clostridium XI, Tuicibater, and Moraxella in the jejunum on d 28, while the abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly increased on d 35 (p<0.05). Conclusion The early CM supplement improved the maturation of the jejunum to some extent by enhancing the maltase and sucrase activities. Moreover, the early CM supplement could help maintain the homeostasis of internal environment in jejunum by increasing the microbial-derived metabolites.
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Uerlings J, Schroyen M, Bautil A, Courtin C, Richel A, Sureda EA, Bruggeman G, Tanghe S, Willems E, Bindelle J, Everaert N. In vitro prebiotic potential of agricultural by-products on intestinal fermentation, gut barrier and inflammatory status of piglets. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:293-307. [PMID: 31699173 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion of fibre-rich ingredients in diets is one possible strategy to enhance intestinal fermentation and positively impact gut ecology, barrier and immunity. Nowadays, inulin-type fructans are used as prebiotics in the feed of piglets to manipulate gut ecology for health purposes. Likewise, some by-products could be considered as sustainable and inexpensive ingredients to reduce gut disorders at weaning. In the present study, chicory root and pulp, citrus pulp, rye bran and soya hulls were tested in a three-step in vitro model of the piglet's gastro-intestinal tract combining a pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis (digestion), a dialysis step using cellulose membranes (absorption) and a colonic batch fermentation (fermentation). The fermentation kinetics, SCFA and microbiota profiles in the fermentation broth were assessed as indicators of prebiotic activity and compared with the ones of inulin. The immunomodulatory effects of fermentation supernatant (FS) were investigated in cultured intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) by high-throughput quantitative PCR. Chicory root displayed a rapid and extensive fermentation and induced the second highest butyrate ratio after inulin. Citrus pulp demonstrated high acetate ratios and induced elevated Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa levels. Chicory root and pulp FS promoted the intestinal barrier integrity with up-regulated tight and adherens junction gene expressions in comparison with inulin FS. Chicory pulp FS exerted anti-inflammatory effects in cultured IPEC-J2. The novel approach combining an in vitro fermentation model with IPEC-J2 cells highlighted that both chicory root and pulp appear to be promising ingredients and should be considered to promote intestinal health at weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Uerlings
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Research Foundation for Industry and Agriculture, National Scientific Research Foundation (FRIA-FNRS), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - An Bautil
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aurore Richel
- Biomass and Green Technologies, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ester A Sureda
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - Sofie Tanghe
- Royal Agrifirm Group, 7325 AW Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Els Willems
- Royal Agrifirm Group, 7325 AW Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Bindelle
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Aluthge ND, Van Sambeek DM, Carney-Hinkle EE, Li YS, Fernando SC, Burkey TE. BOARD INVITED REVIEW: The pig microbiota and the potential for harnessing the power of the microbiome to improve growth and health1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:3741-3757. [PMID: 31250899 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of microorganisms inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Pioneers in gut microbiology have stressed the critical importance of diet:microbe interactions and how these interactions may contribute to health status. As scientists have overcome the limitations of culture-based microbiology, the importance of these interactions has become more clear even to the extent that the gut microbiota has emerged as an important immunologic and metabolic organ. Recent advances in metagenomics and metabolomics have helped scientists to demonstrate that interactions among the diet, the gut microbiota, and the host to have profound effects on animal health and disease. However, although scientists have now accumulated a great deal of data with respect to what organisms comprise the gastrointestinal landscape, there is a need to look more closely at causative effects of the microbiome. The objective of this review is intended to provide: 1) a review of what is currently known with respect to the dynamics of microbial colonization of the porcine gastrointestinal tract; 2) a review of the impact of nutrient:microbe effects on growth and health; 3) examples of the therapeutic potential of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics; and 4) a discussion about what the future holds with respect to microbiome research opportunities and challenges. Taken together, by considering what is currently known in the four aforementioned areas, our overarching goal is to set the stage for narrowing the path towards discovering how the porcine gut microbiota (individually and collectively) may affect specific host phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosh D Aluthge
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | | | - Yanshuo S Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | - Thomas E Burkey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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Martínez G, Diéguez SN, Fernández Paggi MB, Riccio MB, Pérez Gaudio DS, Rodríguez E, Amanto FA, Tapia MO, Soraci AL. Effect of fosfomycin, Cynara scolymus extract, deoxynivalenol and their combinations on intestinal health of weaned piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2019; 5:386-395. [PMID: 31890916 PMCID: PMC6920400 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Weaning is a challenging stage of pig farming. Animals undergo environmental, social and dietary changes leading to weaning stress syndrome. In order to compensate for the detrimental effects of weaning stress, antibiotics and natural extracts are used as feed additives, sometimes without fully understanding the interactions between them or even with low concentrations of mycotoxins that are frequently present in feed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fosfomycin (FOS), Cynara scolymus extract (CSE), deoxynivalenol (DON) and their combined administration on intestinal health of weaned piglets. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 3 factors (FOS, CSE and DON treatments), 2 levels each (presence and absence) and 3 repeats. Weaned piglets (n = 24) were randomly divided in groups to receive the different treatments, namely DON administered in diet (50 μg/kg BW), FOS administered into the drinking water (30 mg/kg BW), CSE administered in diet (15 mg/kg BW) and all their combinations. After 15 d, the animals were euthanized and gastrointestinal tract samples were immediately taken to evaluate gastrointestinal pH, Enterobacteriaceae to lactic acid bacteria (E:L) ratio, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, disaccharidase (lactase, sucrase and maltase) activity, histology (intestinal absorptive area [IAA] and goblet cells count) and mucus ability to adhere pathogenic Escherichia coli. From our results, FOS and CSE treatments, individually or combined, produced a lower E:L ratio, an enhanced production of butyrate, increased disaccharidase activity (particularly maltase), and a greater IAA and goblet cells count along with an increase in pathogenic bacteria adherence to intestinal mucus. Deoxynivalenol did not show interactions with the other factors and its administration produced decreases on VFA, disaccharidase activity and goblet cells count. In conclusion, weaning piglets receiving diets containing FOS, CSE or both exhibited evident beneficial intestinal effects compared to animals receiving diets free from these compounds. On the contrary, the presence of DON at sub-toxic concentrations produced detrimental effects on intestinal health. The knowledge of the physiological and pathological gut changes produced by these compounds contributes to understand their potential productive consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Martínez
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Susana N. Diéguez
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata, B1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B. Fernández Paggi
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Área Producción Porcina, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B. Riccio
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Denisa S. Pérez Gaudio
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Rodríguez
- Área Estadística, Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabián A. Amanto
- Área Producción Porcina, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María O. Tapia
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Alejandro L. Soraci
- Área Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, B7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
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Improvement of Feed Efficiency in Pigs through Microbial Modulation via Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Sows and Dietary Supplementation of Inulin in Offspring. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01255-19. [PMID: 31519656 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01255-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As previous studies have demonstrated a link between the porcine intestinal microbiome and feed efficiency (FE), microbiota manipulation may offer a means of improving FE in pigs. A fecal microbiota transplantation procedure (FMTp), using fecal extracts from highly feed-efficient pigs, was performed in pregnant sows (n = 11), with a control group (n = 11) receiving no FMTp. At weaning, offspring were allocated, within sow treatment, to (i) control (n = 67; no dietary supplement) or (ii) inulin (n = 65; 6-week dietary inulin supplementation) treatments. The sow FMTp, alone or in combination with inulin supplementation in offspring, reduced offspring body weight by 8.1 to 10.6 kg at ∼140 days of age, but there was no effect on feed intake. It resulted in better FE, greater bacterial diversity, and higher relative abundances of potentially beneficial bacterial taxa (Fibrobacter and Prevotella) in offspring. Due to the FMTp and/or inulin supplementation, relative abundances of potential pathogens (Chlamydia and Treponema) in the ileum and cecal concentrations of butyric acid were significantly lower. The maternal FMTp led to a greater number of jejunal goblet cells in offspring. Inulin supplementation alone did not affect growth or FE but upregulated duodenal genes linked to glucose and volatile fatty acid homeostasis and increased the mean platelet volume but reduced ileal propionic acid concentrations, granulocyte counts, and serum urea concentrations. Overall, the FMTp in pregnant sows, with or without dietary inulin supplementation in offspring, beneficially modulated offspring intestinal microbiota (albeit mostly low-relative-abundance taxa) and associated physiological parameters. Although FE was improved, the detrimental effect on growth limits the application of this FMTp-inulin strategy in commercial pig production.IMPORTANCE As previous research suggests a link between microbiota and FE, modulation of the intestinal microbiome may be effective in improving FE in pigs. The FMTp in gestating sows, alone or in combination with postweaning dietary inulin supplementation in offspring, achieved improvements in FE and resulted in a higher relative abundance of intestinal bacteria associated with fiber degradation and a lower relative abundance of potential pathogens. However, there was a detrimental effect on growth, although this may not be wholly attributable to microbiota transplantation, as antibiotic and other interventions were also part of the FMT regimen. Therefore, further work with additional control groups is needed to disentangle the effects of each component of the FMTp in order to develop a regimen with practical applications in pig production. Additional research based on findings from this study may also identify specific dietary supplements for the promotion/maintenance of the microbiota transferred via the maternal FMTp, thereby optimizing pig growth and FE.
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Li X, Jensen BB, Canibe N. The Mode of Action of Chicory Roots on Skatole Production in Entire Male Pigs Is neither via Reducing the Population of Skatole-Producing Bacteria nor via Increased Butyrate Production in the Hindgut. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e02327-18. [PMID: 30635386 PMCID: PMC6414384 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02327-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of high levels of dietary chicory roots (25%) and intracecal exogenous butyrate infusion on skatole formation and gut microbiota was investigated in order to clarify the mechanisms underlying the known reducing effect of chicory roots on skatole production in entire male pigs. A Latin square design with 3 treatments (control, chicory, and butyrate), 3 periods, and 6 animals was carried out. Chicory roots showed the lowest numerical levels of skatole in both feces and plasma and butyrate infusion the highest. In the chicory group, an increased abundance of the skatole-producing bacterium Olsenella scatoligenes compared to the control group (P = 0.06), and a numerically higher relative abundance of Olsenella than for the control and butyrate groups, was observed. Regarding butyrate-producing bacteria, the chicory group had lower abundance of Roseburia but a numerically higher abundance of Megasphaera than the control group. Lower species richness was found in the chicory group than in the butyrate group. Moreover, beta diversity revealed that the chicory group formed a distinct cluster, whereas the control and butyrate groups clustered more closely to each other. The current data indicated that the skatole-reducing effect of chicory roots is neither via inhibition of cell apoptosis by butyrate nor via suppression of skatole-producing bacteria in the pig hindgut. Thus, the mode of action is most likely through increased microbial activity with a corresponding high incorporation of amino acids into bacterial biomass, and thereby suppressed conversion of tryptophan into skatole, as indicated in the literature.IMPORTANCE Castration is practiced to avoid the development of boar taint, which negatively affects the taste and odor of pork, and undesirable aggressive behavior. Due to animal welfare issues, alternatives to surgical castration are sought, though. Boar taint is a result of high concentrations of skatole and androstenone in back fat. Skatole is produced by microbial fermentation in the large intestine, and therefore, its production can be influenced by manipulation of the microbiota. Highly fermentable dietary fiber reduces skatole production. However, various theories have been proposed to explain the mode of action. In order to search for other alternatives, more efficient or less expensive, to reduce skatole via feeding, it is important to elucidate the mechanism behind the observed effect of highly fermentable dietary fiber on skatole. Our results indicate that highly fermentable dietary fiber does not affect skatole production by reducing the number of skatole-producing bacteria or stimulating butyrate production in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Li
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Bent Borg Jensen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Nuria Canibe
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Myhill LJ, Stolzenbach S, Hansen TVA, Skovgaard K, Stensvold CR, Andersen LO, Nejsum P, Mejer H, Thamsborg SM, Williams AR. Mucosal Barrier and Th2 Immune Responses Are Enhanced by Dietary Inulin in Pigs Infected With Trichuris suis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2557. [PMID: 30473696 PMCID: PMC6237860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet composition may play a crucial role in shaping host immune responses and commensal gut microbiota populations. Bioactive dietary components, such as inulin, have been extensively studied for their bioactive properties, particularly in modulating gut immune function and reducing inflammation. It has been shown that colonization with gastrointestinal parasitic worms (helminths) may alleviate chronic inflammation through promotion of T-helper cell type (Th) 2 and T-regulatory immune responses and alterations in the gut microbiome. In this study, we investigated if dietary inulin could modulate mucosal immune function in pigs during colonization with the porcine whipworm Trichuris suis. T. suis infection induced a typical Th2-biased immune response characterized by transcriptional changes in Th2- and barrier function-related genes, accompanied by intestinal remodeling through increased epithelial goblet and tuft cell proliferation. We observed that inulin also up-regulated Th2-related immune genes (IL13, IL5), and suppressed Th1-related pro-inflammatory genes (IFNG, IL1A, IL8) in the colon. Notably, inulin augmented the T. suis-induced responses with increased transcription of key Th2 and mucosal barrier genes (e.g., IL13, TFF3), and synergistically suppressed pro-inflammatory genes, such as IFNG and CXCL9. 16S rRNA sequencing of proximal colon digesta samples revealed that inulin supplementation reduced the abundance of bacterial phyla linked to inflammation, such as Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and simultaneously increased Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Interestingly, pigs treated with both inulin and T. suis displayed the highest Bacteroidetes: Firmicutes ratio and the lowest gut pH, suggesting an interaction of diet and helminth infection that stimulates the growth of beneficial bacterial species. Overall, our data demonstrate that T. suis infection and inulin co-operatively enhance anti-inflammatory immune responses, which is potentially mediated by changes in microbiota composition. Our results highlight the intricate interactions between diet, immune function and microbiota composition in a porcine helminth infection model. This porcine model should facilitate further investigations into the use of bioactive diets as immunomodulatory mediators against inflammatory conditions, and how diet and parasites may influence gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Myhill
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophie Stolzenbach
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina V A Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Rune Stensvold
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lee O'Brien Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Helena Mejer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Barszcz M, Taciak M, Tuśnio A, Święch E, Bachanek I, Kowalczyk P, Borkowski A, Skomiał J. The effect of dietary level of two inulin types differing in chain length on biogenic amine concentration, oxidant-antioxidant balance and DNA repair in the colon of piglets. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202799. [PMID: 30192784 PMCID: PMC6128538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of dietary level of two types of inulin on amine concentration, redox status and DNA glycosylase activity in the colon of piglets was investigated. Seven groups of piglets were fed diets without inulin addition (control) or with 1%, 2% or 3% inulin with an average degree of polymerisation of 10 (IN10) or 23 (IN23) for 40 days. The 2% and 3% IN10 diets increased tryptamine concentration in the proximal colon, while methylamine concentration in the distal colon was increased by the 1% and 3% IN10 diets. The 1% and 2% IN23 diets increased phenylethylamine and methylamine concentration in the proximal colon, respectively, while 1,7-diaminoheptane content was increased by both diets. Its concentration in the middle and distal colon was increased by the 1% and 2% IN23 diet, respectively. There was no improvement in the oxidant-antioxidant balance in colonic digesta of piglets fed IN10 and IN23 diets. Piglets fed IN10 diets had lower 1,N6-etheno-2’-deoxyadenosine excision activity in each colon segment, as compared with the control group. It was also reduced by the 2% and 3% IN23 diets in the proximal colon, while in the middle and distal colon by all IN23 diets. Feeding all IN10 and IN23 diets reduced 3,N4-etheno-2’-deoxycytidine and 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine excision activities in each colon segment. Feeding IN10 and IN23 diets neither decreased amine concentrations nor improved the oxidant-antioxidant balance in colonic digesta of piglets. However, both types of inulin efficiently reduced the activity of DNA repair enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Barszcz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcin Taciak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Anna Tuśnio
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Ewa Święch
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Ilona Bachanek
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Andrzej Borkowski
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Skomiał
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
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25
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Li B, Schroyen M, Leblois J, Wavreille J, Soyeurt H, Bindelle J, Everaert N. Effects of inulin supplementation to piglets in the suckling period on growth performance, postileal microbial and immunological traits in the suckling period and three weeks after weaning. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 72:425-442. [PMID: 30160174 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1508975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inulin (IN) supplementation to suckling piglets at and 3 weeks post-weaning. A total of 72 newborn piglets were used. Twenty-four piglets per group received different amounts of IN during the suckling period: (a) CON: no IN; (b) IN-0.5: 0.5 g IN/d on the 1st week, 1 g IN/d on the 2nd week, 1.5 g IN/d on the 3rd week and 2 g IN/d on the 4th week, or (c) IN-0.75: 0.75 g IN/d on the 1st week, 1.5 g IN/d on the 2nd week, 2.25 g IN/d on the 3rd week and 3 g IN/d on the 4th week. Starting at 28 d of age, piglets were weaned and received a post-weaning diet without inulin during the following 3 weeks. At both 28 d and 49 d of age, piglets were euthanised for sampling. Piglets of group IN-0.5 had the highest body weight starting from the 3rd week (p < 0.05), concomitant with the highest villus height and the ratio of villus height/crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum on both sampling days (p < 0.05). At 28 d of age, an increased concentration of propionate, iso-butyrate or total short chain fatty acids was observed between treatment IN-0.5 and the other groups in the caecum or colon (p < 0.05). Moreover, the relative abundance of Escherichia coli (p = 0.05) and Enterobacteriaceae (p = 0.01) in colonic digesta were reduced in IN-0.5-treated piglets, and in both IN-supplemented groups, colonic interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α and toll-like receptor-4 mRNA abundance were decreased compared to the CON group (p < 0.05). However, at 49 d of age, most of these differences disappeared. In conclusion, treatment IN-0.5 improved during the suckling period of piglets development of intestine, but these beneficial effects were not lasting after weaning, when IN supplementation was terminated. Treatment IN-0.75, however, did not display a prebiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- a Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Teaching and Research Centre , University of Liège , Gembloux , Belgium
| | - Martine Schroyen
- a Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Teaching and Research Centre , University of Liège , Gembloux , Belgium
| | - Julie Leblois
- a Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Teaching and Research Centre , University of Liège , Gembloux , Belgium.,b Research Foundation for Industry and Agriculture , Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS , Brussels , Belgium
| | - José Wavreille
- c Department of Production and Sectors , Walloon Agricultural Research Centre , Gembloux , Belgium
| | - Hélène Soyeurt
- d Laboratory of statistics, informatics and modelling applied to bioengineering, agrobiochem department, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Teaching and Research Centre , University of Liège , Gembloux , Belgium
| | - Jérôme Bindelle
- a Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Teaching and Research Centre , University of Liège , Gembloux , Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- a Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Teaching and Research Centre , University of Liège , Gembloux , Belgium
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26
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Herosimczyk A, Lepczyński A, Ożgo M, Barszcz M, Marynowska M, Tuśnio A, Taciak M, Markulen A, Skomiał J. Proteome changes in ileal mucosa of young pigs resulting
from different levels of native chicory inulin in the diet. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/93737/2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Sloan TJ, Jalanka J, Major GAD, Krishnasamy S, Pritchard S, Abdelrazig S, Korpela K, Singh G, Mulvenna C, Hoad CL, Marciani L, Barrett DA, Lomer MCE, de Vos WM, Gowland PA, Spiller RC. A low FODMAP diet is associated with changes in the microbiota and reduction in breath hydrogen but not colonic volume in healthy subjects. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201410. [PMID: 30048547 PMCID: PMC6062106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Ingestion of poorly digested, fermentable carbohydrates (fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols; FODMAPs) have been implicated in exacerbating intestinal symptoms and the reduction of intake with symptom alleviation. Restricting FODMAP intake is believed to relieve colonic distension by reducing colonic fermentation but this has not been previously directly assessed. We performed a randomised controlled trial comparing the effect of a low FODMAP diet combined with either maltodextrin or oligofructose on colonic contents, metabolites and microbiota. Methods A parallel randomised controlled trial in healthy adults (n = 37). All subjects followed a low FODMAP diet for a week and supplemented their diet with either maltodextrin (MD) or oligofructose (OF) 7g twice daily. Fasted assessments performed pre- and post-diet included MRI to assess colonic volume, breath testing for hydrogen and methane, and stool collection for microbiota analysis. Results The low FODMAP diet was associated with a reduction in Bifidobacterium and breath hydrogen, which was reversed by oligofructose supplementation. The difference in breath hydrogen between groups post-intervention was 27ppm (95% CI 7 to 50, P<0.01). Colonic volume increased significantly from baseline in both groups (OF increased 110ml (19.6%), 95% CI 30ml to 190ml, P = 0.01; MD increased 90ml (15.5%), 95% CI 6ml to 175ml, P = 0.04) with no significant difference between them. Colonic volumes correlated with total breath hydrogen + methane. A divergence in Clostridiales abundance was observed with increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae in the maltodextrin group, while in the oligofructose group, Lachnospiraceae decreased. Subjects in either group with high methane production also tended to have high microbial diversity, high colonic volume and greater abundance of methanogens. Conclusion A low FODMAP diet reduces total bacterial count and gas production with little effect on colonic volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J. Sloan
- The NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonna Jalanka
- The NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Immunobiology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giles A. D. Major
- The NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shanthi Krishnasamy
- The NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Pritchard
- The NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Salah Abdelrazig
- The NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technology Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katri Korpela
- Immunobiology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gulzar Singh
- The NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Mulvenna
- The NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline L. Hoad
- The NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Marciani
- The NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Barrett
- The NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technology Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda C. E. Lomer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Immunobiology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Penny A. Gowland
- The NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robin C. Spiller
- The NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Park JH, Lee SI, Kim IH. Effect of dietary β-glucan supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and characteristics of feces in weaned pigs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1481855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Lee
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Barszcz M, Taciak M, Skomiał J. Influence of different inclusion levels and chain length of inulin on microbial ecology and the state of mucosal protective barrier in the large intestine of young pigs. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine the effect of inulin level, in regard to its degree of polymerisation (DP), on microbial activity and mucosal immune system of the large intestine of pigs. A total of 56 castrated male piglets (PIC × Penarlan P76) were allocated to seven groups and fed from the 10th day of life cereal-based diets without the addition of inulin or with 1%, 2% or 3% of inulin with an average DP of 10 (IN10) or 23 (IN23). Pigs were sacrificed at the age of 50 days. Feeding IN10 diets increased fructan concentration in the large intestine compared with IN23 diets, but did not affect microbial activity, except for digesta pH and mucinase activity in the middle colon, which were greater at the 1% level compared with the control group and other IN10 diets, respectively. The concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A in the caecum and middle colon was reduced by the 1% IN10 diet compared with the control group. Pigs fed the 2% IN23 diet had a higher butyric acid concentration in the caecum and proximal colon and greater isoacid concentrations in the middle and distal colon in comparison to the control. Dietary level of IN23 did not affect secretory immunoglobulin A concentration but the count of caecal intraepithelial lymphocytes was higher in pigs on the 1% IN23 diet than on the control diet. Neither IN10 nor IN23 diets affected populations of Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus spp. In conclusion, the effects of inulin in the large intestine of pigs depended on dietary level and DP. IN23 increased short-chain fatty acid production at the 2% level and slightly activated mucosal immune status at the 1% level.
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Zhang S, Yang J, Henning SM, Lee R, Hsu M, Grojean E, Pisegna R, Ly A, Heber D, Li Z. Dietary pomegranate extract and inulin affect gut microbiome differentially in mice fed an obesogenic diet. Anaerobe 2017; 48:184-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Metzler-Zebeli B, Trevisi P, Prates J, Tanghe S, Bosi P, Canibe N, Montagne L, Freire J, Zebeli Q. Assessing the effect of dietary inulin supplementation on gastrointestinal fermentation, digestibility and growth in pigs: A meta-analysis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Roselli M, Pieper R, Rogel-Gaillard C, de Vries H, Bailey M, Smidt H, Lauridsen C. Immunomodulating effects of probiotics for microbiota modulation, gut health and disease resistance in pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hepatic proteome changes induced by dietary supplementation with two levels of native chicory inulin in young pigs. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Singla V, Chakkaravarthi S. Applications of prebiotics in food industry: A review. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2017; 23:649-667. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013217721769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Benefits of prebiotics for stimulating a healthy intestinal tract are well known. From suppression of pathogens to proliferation of indigenous bacteria of intestines, prebiotics have it all. Since the research on the scope of prebiotics is expanding, new applications are coming up every day thus upgrading the choices consumer has for a healthy living. Incorporation of prebiotics in a wide range of products that food industry offers on shelf is an innovative way to replace fat and sugars along with enhancing the mouthfeel by providing better tongue lubrication. In some cases, the thermal stability of the product is improved along with other sensory, textural and physiological benefits. This paper gives an overview of the various prebiotics available from different sources and their applications in various segments of food industry, notably dairy, beverage, processed fruit-vegetable, bakery, confectionary, extruded snack, sweetener, infant formula, pet food and livestock industry. The effects observed on addition of various prebiotics are also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinti Singla
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, India
| | - S Chakkaravarthi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, India
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Kareem K, Loh T, Foo H, Asmara S, Akit H. Influence of postbiotic RG14 and inulin combination on cecal microbiota, organic acid concentration, and cytokine expression in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:966-975. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Fleury MA, Le Goff O, Denis S, Chaucheyras-Durand F, Jouy E, Kempf I, Alric M, Blanquet-Diot S. Development and validation of a new dynamic in vitro model of the piglet colon (PigutIVM): application to the study of probiotics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:2533-2547. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Angelakis E. Weight gain by gut microbiota manipulation in productive animals. Microb Pathog 2016; 106:162-170. [PMID: 27836763 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics, prebiotics and probiotics are widely used as growth promoters in agriculture. In the 1940s, use of Streptomyces aureofaciens probiotics resulted in weight gain in animals, which led to the discovery of chlortetracycline. Tetracyclines, macrolides, avoparcin and penicillins have been commonly used in livestock agriculture to promote growth through increased food intake, weight gain, and improved herd health. Prebiotic supplements including oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, and galactosyl-lactose improve the growth performance of animals. Probiotics used in animal feed are mainly bacterial strains of Gram-positive bacteria and have been effectively used for weight gain in chickens, pigs, ruminants and in aquaculture. Antibiotics, prebiotics and probiotics all modify the gut microbiota and the effect of a probiotic species on the digestive flora is probably determined by bacteriocin production. Regulations governing the introduction of novel probiotics and prebiotics vary by geographical region and bias is very common in industry-funded studies. Probiotic and prebiotic foods have been consumed for centuries, either as natural components of food, or as fermented foods and it is possible to cause the same weight gain effects in humans as in animals. This review presents the use of growth promoters in food-producing animals to influence food intake and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Angelakis
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
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Portune KJ, Benítez-Páez A, Del Pulgar EMG, Cerrudo V, Sanz Y. Gut microbiota, diet, and obesity-related disorders-The good, the bad, and the future challenges. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Portune
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia (IATA-CSIC); C/ Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 7; Valencia Spain
| | - Alfonso Benítez-Páez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia (IATA-CSIC); C/ Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 7; Valencia Spain
| | - Eva Maria Gomez Del Pulgar
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia (IATA-CSIC); C/ Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 7; Valencia Spain
| | - Victor Cerrudo
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia (IATA-CSIC); C/ Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 7; Valencia Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia (IATA-CSIC); C/ Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 7; Valencia Spain
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Pattananandecha T, Sirilun S, Duangjitcharoen Y, Sivamaruthi BS, Suwannalert P, Peerajan S, Chaiyasut C. Hydrolysed inulin alleviates the azoxymethane-induced preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci by altering selected intestinal microbiota in Sprague-Dawley rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1596-1605. [PMID: 26794346 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Inulin, a non-digestible carbohydrate isolated from Helianthus tuberosus L. (Asteraceae), has been shown to alter the gut beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria. Inulin also influences the activities of intestinal microbiota that could prevent the colon cancer development. Objective This study determines the effect of hydrolysed inulin with different degrees of polymerisation on alteration of intestinal microbiota and their activities on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. Materials and methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (three control and three AOM-treated groups) and the animal were fed with either a normal diet or diet containing 10% of long-chain inulin (InuL) or short-chain inulin (InuS), respectively, for 17 weeks. Colon cancer was induced in rats by injecting AOM subcutaneously at the 8th and 9th week of the study period. At the end of the experiment, cecal contents of rats were examined for selected microbiota, organic acids, putrefactive compounds and microbial enzymes. ACF formation was microscopically examined. Results The inulin diets significantly increased the weight and decreased the pH of the caecal content. The rats fed with InuL-supplemented diet showed approximately 2.9- and 6.8-fold increases in the biomass of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria, respectively. Naive and AOM-treated rats fed with inulin-supplemented diet showed ∼1.3- and ∼2.2-fold decreases in the biomass of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, respectively. Inulins significantly decreased the colonic concentration of phenol, p-cresol and indole. Reduction in the activity of microbial enzymes such as β-glucuronidase, azoreductase and nitroreductase were observed in inulin-treated animals. Reduction in the ACF formation has been observed in inulin-treated groups. Discussion and conclusion The present study demonstrates that dietary administration of inulin reduces the formation of preneoplastic lesions in the colon, possibly by altering the microecology and microbial activities on carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanawat Pattananandecha
- a Health Product Research and Development Unit , Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- a Health Product Research and Development Unit , Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Yodsawee Duangjitcharoen
- a Health Product Research and Development Unit , Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | | | - Prasit Suwannalert
- b Department of Pathobiology , Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | | | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- a Health Product Research and Development Unit , Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
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Sciascia Q, Daş G, Metges CC. REVIEW: The pig as a model for humans: Effects of nutritional factors on intestinal function and health1. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Fleury MA, Jouy E, Eono F, Cariolet R, Couet W, Gobin P, Le Goff O, Blanquet-Diot S, Alric M, Kempf I. Impact of two different colistin dosing strategies on healthy piglet fecal microbiota. Res Vet Sci 2016; 107:152-160. [PMID: 27473989 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Colistin is often used in piglets but underdosing and overdosing are frequent. The impact of such administrations on fecal microbiota was studied. Piglets were given either underdoses of colistin by oral gavage for five days or overdoses by in-feed medication for 14days. The composition of fecal microbiota was studied by quantitative PCR, 16S rRNA sequencing, culture of Enterobacteriaceae, and quantification of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The mean colistin concentrations during the treatment for underdosed and overdosed groups were 14.4μg/g and 64.9μg/g of feces respectively. Whatever the piglet and the sampling day, the two main phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, The main families were Lactobacillaceae, Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. The main perturbation was the significant but transitory decrease in the Escherichia coli population during treatment, yet all the E. coli isolates were susceptible to colistin. Moreover, colistin did not affect the production of SCFAs. These results show that under- or overdoses of colistin do not result in any major disturbance of piglet fecal microbiota and rarely select for chromosomal resistance in the dominant E. coli population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Fleury
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne, Loire, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - E Jouy
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne, Loire, France
| | - F Eono
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne, Loire, France
| | - R Cariolet
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne, Loire, France
| | - W Couet
- Inserm U1070, Pôle Biologie Santé, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine-Pharmacie, Poitiers, France; CHU Poitiers, Service de Toxicologie-Pharmacocinétique, Poitiers, France
| | - P Gobin
- CHU Poitiers, Service de Toxicologie-Pharmacocinétique, Poitiers, France
| | - O Le Goff
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Blanquet-Diot
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Alric
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - I Kempf
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne, Loire, France.
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Heinritz SN, Weiss E, Eklund M, Aumiller T, Louis S, Rings A, Messner S, Camarinha-Silva A, Seifert J, Bischoff SC, Mosenthin R. Intestinal Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites Are Changed in a Pig Model Fed a High-Fat/Low-Fiber or a Low-Fat/High-Fiber Diet. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154329. [PMID: 27100182 PMCID: PMC4839692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota and its metabolites appear to be an important factor for gastrointestinal function and health. However, research is still needed to further elaborate potential relationships between nutrition, gut microbiota and host’s health by means of a suitable animal model. The present study examined the effect of two different diets on microbial composition and activity by using the pig as a model for humans. Eight pigs were equally allotted to two treatments, either fed a low-fat/high-fiber (LF), or a high-fat/low-fiber (HF) diet for 7 weeks. Feces were sampled at day 7 of every experimental week. Diet effects on fecal microbiota were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR, DNA fingerprinting and metaproteomics. Furthermore, fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and ammonia concentrations were determined. Gene copy numbers of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria (P<0.001) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P<0.05) were higher in the LF pigs, while Enterobacteriaceae were more abundant in the HF pigs (P<0.001). Higher numbers of proteins affiliated to Enterobacteriaceae were also present in the HF samples. Proteins for polysaccharide breakdown did almost exclusively originate from Prevotellaceae. Total and individual fecal SCFA concentrations were higher for pigs of the LF treatment (P<0.05), whereas fecal ammonia concentrations did not differ between treatments (P>0.05). Results provide evidence that beginning from the start of the experiment, the LF diet stimulated beneficial bacteria and SCFA production, especially butyrate (P<0.05), while the HF diet fostered those bacterial groups which have been associated with a negative impact on health conditions. These findings correspond to results in humans and might strengthen the hypothesis that the response of the porcine gut microbiota to a specific dietary modulation is in support of using the pig as suitable animal model for humans to assess diet-gut-microbiota interactions. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003447.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja N. Heinritz
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva Weiss
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Meike Eklund
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Aumiller
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sandrine Louis
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Rings
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Messner
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rainer Mosenthin
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Lee SI, Kim JK, Hancock JD, Kim IH. β-glucan from mulberry leaves and curcuma can improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility in early weaned pigs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1141775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. I. Lee
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Choongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J. K. Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Choongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J. D. Hancock
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, NY, USA
| | - I. H. Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Choongnam, Republic of Korea
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Wu W, Xie J, Zhang H. Dietary fibers influence the intestinal SCFAs and plasma metabolites profiling in growing pigs. Food Funct 2016; 7:4644-4654. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01406b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fibers (DFs), widely used as food additives to replace fat, can benefit metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition
- Institute of Animal Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing
- PR China
| | - J. Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition
- Institute of Animal Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing
- PR China
| | - H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition
- Institute of Animal Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing
- PR China
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Tran THT, Boudry C, Everaert N, Théwis A, Portetelle D, Daube G, Nezer C, Taminiau B, Bindelle J. Adding mucins to an in vitro batch fermentation model of the large intestine induces changes in microbial population isolated from porcine feces depending on the substrate. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 92:fiv165. [PMID: 26691596 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adding mucus to in vitro fermentation models of the large intestine shows that some genera, namely lactobacilli, are dependent on host-microbiota interactions and that they rely on mucosal layers to increase their activity. This study investigated whether this dependence on mucus is substrate dependent and to what extent other genera are impacted by the presence of mucus. Inulin and cellulose were fermented in vitro by a fecal inoculum from pig in the presence or not of mucin beads in order to compare fermentation patterns and bacterial communities. Mucins increased final gas production with inulin and shifted short-chain fatty acid molar ratios (P < 0.001). Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. decreased with mucins, but Bacteroides spp. increased when inulin was fermented. A more in-depth community analysis indicated that the mucins increased Proteobacteria (0.55 vs 0.25%, P = 0.013), Verrucomicrobia (5.25 vs 0.03%, P = 0.032), Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Akkermansia spp. Proteobacteria (5.67 vs 0.55%, P < 0.001) and Lachnospiraceae (33 vs 10.4%) were promoted in the mucus compared with the broth, while Ruminococcaceae decreased. The introduction of mucins affected many microbial genera and fermentation patterns, but from PCA results, the impact of mucus was independent of the fermentation substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H T Tran
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium Wallonie-Bruxelles International, place Sainctelette 2, B-1080, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Boudry
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - N Everaert
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - A Théwis
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - D Portetelle
- Animal and Microbial Biology Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - G Daube
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000-Liège, Belgium Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000-Liège, Belgium
| | - C Nezer
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000-Liège, Belgium
| | - B Taminiau
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000-Liège, Belgium
| | - J Bindelle
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Tsurumaki M, Kotake M, Iwasaki M, Saito M, Tanaka K, Aw W, Fukuda S, Tomita M. The application of omics technologies in the functional evaluation of inulin and inulin-containing prebiotics dietary supplementation. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e185. [PMID: 26619369 PMCID: PMC4672356 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2015.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulin, a natural renewable polysaccharide resource produced by various plants in nature, has been reported to possess a significant number of diverse pharmaceutical and food applications. Recently, there has been rapid progress in high-throughput technologies and platforms to assay global mRNA, proteins, metabolites and gut microbiota. In this review, we will describe the current status of utilizing omics technologies of elucidating the impact of inulin and inulin-containing prebiotics at the transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and gut microbiome levels. Although many studies in this review have addressed the impact of inulin comprehensively, these omics technologies only enable us to understand physiological information at each different stage of mRNA, protein, metabolite and gut microbe. We believe that a synergistic approach is vital in order to fully illustrate the intricate beauty behind the relatively modest influence of food factors like inulin on host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsurumaki
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - M Kotake
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - M Iwasaki
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - M Saito
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - K Tanaka
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - W Aw
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - S Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - M Tomita
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
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Effect of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 and fructo-oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in Göttingen minipigs. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:746-55. [PMID: 26313935 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Modulating the gut microbiota via dietary interventions is a common strategy to enhance the natural defence mechanisms of the host. Several in vitro studies have highlighted the probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 (RBL67) selected for its anti-Salmonella effects. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of RBL67 alone and combined with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the gut microbiota of Göttingen minipigs. Minipigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 8 g/d probiotic powder (1×109 CFU/g in skim milk matrix) (probiotic diet (PRO)), 8 g/d probiotic powder plus 8 g/d FOS (synbiotic diet (SYN)) or 8 g/d skim milk powder (control), following a cross-sectional study design. Faecal and caecal microbiota compositions were analysed with pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR. Metabolic activity in the caecum and colon was measured by HPLC. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that minipig faeces show close similarity to pig microbiota. During the treatments and at the time of killing of animals, RBL67 was consistently detected in faeces, caecum and colon at numbers of 105-106 16S rRNA copies/g content after feeding PRO and SYN diets. At the time of killing of animals, significantly higher Bifidobacterium numbers in the caecum and colon of SYN-fed minipigs were measured compared with PRO. Our data indicate that the Göttingen minipig may be a suitable model for gut microbiota research in pigs. Data from this first in vivo study of RBL67 colonisation suggest that the combination with FOS may represent a valuable symbiotic strategy to increase probiotic bacteria levels and survival in gastrointestinal tracts for feed and food applications.
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Brambillasca S, Zunino P, Cajarville C. Addition of inulin, alfalfa and citrus pulp in diets for piglets: Influence on nutritional and faecal parameters, intestinal organs, and colonic fermentation and bacterial populations. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Samanta AK, Jayaram C, Jayapal N, Sondhi N, Kolte AP, Senani S, Sridhar M, Dhali A. Assessment of Fecal Microflora Changes in Pigs Supplemented with Herbal Residue and Prebiotic. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132961. [PMID: 26176779 PMCID: PMC4503616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic usage in animals as a growth promoter is considered as public health issue due to its negative impact on consumer health and environment. The present study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of herbal residue (ginger, Zingiber officinale, dried rhizome powder) and prebiotic (inulin) as an alternative to antibiotics by comparing fecal microflora composition using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. The grower pigs were offered feed containing antibiotic (tetracycline), ginger and inulin separately and un-supplemented group served as control. The study revealed significant changes in the microbial abundance based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs) among the groups. Presumptive identification of organisms was established based on the fragment length of OTUs generated with three restriction enzymes (MspI, Sau3AI and BsuRI). The abundance of OTUs representing Bacteroides intestinalis, Eubacterium oxidoreducens, Selonomonas sp., Methylobacterium sp. and Denitrobacter sp. was found significantly greater in inulin supplemented pigs. Similarly, the abundance of OTUs representing Bacteroides intestinalis, Selonomonas sp., and Phascolarcobacterium faecium was found significantly greater in ginger supplemented pigs. In contrast, the abundance of OTUs representing pathogenic microorganisms Atopostipes suicloacalis and Bartonella quintana str. Toulouse was significantly reduced in ginger and inulin supplemented pigs. The OTUs were found to be clustered under two major phylotypes; ginger-inulin and control-tetracycline. Additionally, the abundance of OTUs was similar in ginger and inulin supplemented pigs. The results suggest the potential of ginger and prebioticsto replace antibiotics in the diet of grower pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Kumar Samanta
- Feed Additives and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - C. Jayaram
- Feed Additives and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - N. Jayapal
- Feed Additives and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - N. Sondhi
- Feed Additives and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - A. P. Kolte
- Omics Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - S. Senani
- Feed Additives and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - M. Sridhar
- Fermentation Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - A. Dhali
- Omics Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, India
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50
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Discrepancies in porcine microbiota composition between in vivo measurements and in vitro fermentation with the modified Hohenheim Gas Test. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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