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Layne TM, Rothstein JH, Song X, Andersen SW, Benn EKT, Sieh W, Klein RJ. Variants in Vitamin D-related Genes and Prostate Cancer Risk in Black Men. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.29.24309698. [PMID: 38978663 PMCID: PMC11230321 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.29.24309698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer has primarily been characterized among White men. However, Black men have higher prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates, chronically low circulating vitamin D levels, and ancestry-specific genetic variants in vitamin D-related genes. Here, we examine six critical genes in the vitamin D pathway and prostate cancer risk in Black men. METHODS We assessed a total of 69 candidate variants in six genes ( GC, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, VDR , and RXRA ) including functional variants previously associated with prostate cancer and circulating 25(OHD) in White men. Associations with prostate cancer risk were examined using genome-wide association study data for approximately 10,000 prostate cancer cases and 10,000 controls among Black men and over 85,000 cases and 91,000 controls among White men. A statistical significance threshold of 0.000724 was used to account for the 69 variants tested. RESULTS None of the variants examined were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk among Black men after multiple comparison adjustment. Four variants tested P<0.05 in Black men, including two in RXRA (rs41400444 OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.17, P = 0.024 and rs10881574 OR = 0.93, 0.87-1.00, P = 0.046) and two in VDR (rs2853563 OR = 1.07, 1.01-1.13, P = 0.017 and rs1156882 OR = 1.06, 1.00-1.12, P = 0.045). Two variants in VDR were also positively associated with risk in White men (rs11568820 OR = 1.04, 1.02-1.06, P = 0.00024 and rs4516035 OR = 1.03, 1.01-1.04, P = 0.00055). CONCLUSION We observed suggestive non-significant associations between genetic variants in RXRA and VDR and prostate cancer risk in Black men. Future research exploring the relationship of vitamin D with cancer risk in Black men will need larger sample sizes to identify ancestry-specific variants relevant to risk in this population.
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Fendler A, Stephan C, Ralla B, Jung K. Discordant Health Implications and Molecular Mechanisms of Vitamin D in Clinical and Preclinical Studies of Prostate Cancer: A Critical Appraisal of the Literature Data. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5286. [PMID: 38791324 PMCID: PMC11120741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies have provided conflicting data on the postulated beneficial effects of vitamin D in patients with prostate cancer. In this opinion piece, we discuss reasons for discrepancies between preclinical and clinical vitamin D studies. Different criteria have been used as evidence for the key roles of vitamin D. Clinical studies report integrative cancer outcome criteria such as incidence and mortality in relation to vitamin D status over time. In contrast, preclinical vitamin D studies report molecular and cellular changes resulting from treatment with the biologically active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) in tissues. However, these reported changes in preclinical in vitro studies are often the result of treatment with biologically irrelevant high calcitriol concentrations. In typical experiments, the used calcitriol concentrations exceed the calcitriol concentrations in normal and malignant prostate tissue by 100 to 1000 times. This raises reasonable concerns regarding the postulated biological effects and mechanisms of these preclinical vitamin D approaches in relation to clinical relevance. This is not restricted to prostate cancer, as detailed data regarding the tissue-specific concentrations of vitamin D metabolites are currently lacking. The application of unnaturally high concentrations of calcitriol in preclinical studies appears to be a major reason why the results of preclinical in vitro studies hardly match up with outcomes of vitamin D-related clinical studies. Regarding future studies addressing these concerns, we suggest establishing reference ranges of tissue-specific vitamin D metabolites within various cancer entities, carrying out model studies on human cancer cells and patient-derived organoids with biologically relevant calcitriol concentrations, and lastly improving the design of vitamin D clinical trials where results from preclinical studies guide the protocols and endpoints within these trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Fendler
- Department of Urology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.F.); (B.R.)
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Stephan
- Department of Urology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.F.); (B.R.)
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ralla
- Department of Urology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.F.); (B.R.)
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.F.); (B.R.)
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Voutilainen A, Virtanen JK, Hantunen S, Nurmi T, Kokko P, Tuomainen TP. Multiplicative, additive, and interactive associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with lung and prostate cancer. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:133-142. [PMID: 36755523 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Results regarding the epidemiological association of vitamin D with lung (LCA) and prostate cancer (PCA) are controversial. This study tested whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have interactive epidemiological associations with smoking, the number-one risk factor for LCA, and age, the number-one risk factor for PCA. Also, this study investigated whether the associations of 25(OH)D, smoking, age, alcohol consumption, body mass index, diet (the healthy Nordic diet score), and physical activity with incident LCA and PCA are multiplicative or additive. The study of association types makes it easier to select appropriate statistical methods. The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study provided the data of 2578 men with 112 LCA and 300 PCA cases over 35 years by the end of 2019. Serum 25(OH)D did not associate with LCA and PCA or interact with smoking and age. The association of smoking with LCA was additive; 13 extra cases per 1000 men every 10 years. Age and alcohol consumption multiplicatively increased the hazard of LCA (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval for age >50: 3.56, 1.82-6.17; drink per week: 1.01, 1.00-1.03), whereas adherence to healthy Nordic diet decreased it (per score point: 0.95, 0.89-1.00). The association of age >50 with PCA was additive; 2.5 extra cases per 1000 men every 10 years. To conclude, there was no epidemiological relationship of pre-diagnostic 25(OH)D concentrations with the incidence of LCA and PCA. The respective associations of smoking and age >50 with LCA and PCA were additive rather than multiplicative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Hantunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Nurmi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petra Kokko
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Yu W, Wang C, Shang Z, Tian J. Unveiling novel insights in prostate cancer through single-cell RNA sequencing. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1224913. [PMID: 37746302 PMCID: PMC10514910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1224913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a cutting-edge technology that provides insights at the individual cell level. In contrast to traditional bulk RNA-seq, which captures gene expression at an average level and may overlook important details, scRNA-seq examines each individual cell as a fundamental unit and is particularly well-suited for identifying rare cell populations. Analogous to a microscope that distinguishes various cell types within a tissue sample, scRNA-seq unravels the heterogeneity and diversity within a single cell species, offering great potential as a leading sequencing method in the future. In the context of prostate cancer (PCa), a disease characterized by significant heterogeneity and multiple stages of progression, scRNA-seq emerges as a powerful tool for uncovering its intricate secrets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiqun Shang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Lavorgna TR, Hussein M, Issa PP, Toraih E, Kandil E. Ultraviolet Light Exposure Decreases Thyroid Cancer Risk: A National Perspective. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102452. [PMID: 36289713 PMCID: PMC9598664 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light has been reported to have both pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic effects. Since patient pigmentation can influence the role of UV light exposure, we thought to investigate the recent trends in thyroid cancer incidence and survival with an emphasis on patient race and UV exposure. Patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were identified. A total of 284,178 patients were enrolled. Data were stratified according to population sex, race, and state. UV exposure data in Watt-Hours Per Square Meter for the state were obtained from the National Cancer Institute Cancer Atlas. Thyroid cancer incidence rate varied by race, ranging from 14.9 cases per 100,000 in Asian or Pacific Islanders and 14.7 per 100,000 in Caucasians, to 8.7 per 100,000 in African American and 8.0 per 100,000 in Native Americans. UV exposure was negatively correlated with thyroid cancer incidence when analyzed across all populations (r = −0.299, p = 0.035). UV exposure was most steeply negatively correlated with thyroid cancer rates in Black populations (r = −0.56, p < 0.001). Despite this, Black men had the worst 5-year survival rate when compared to other ethnic populations. Overall, UV exposure does not increase the risk of thyroid cancer and may serve as a protective factor in the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Hussein
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Peter P. Issa
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Eman Toraih
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-988-2301; Fax: +1-504-988-4762
| | - Emad Kandil
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Neamatallah M, Serria MS, El‐Bendary M, El‐Gilany A, Alhawarey A, Abed S, Setate YA, Ammar OA. Association of Vitamin D Gene Polymorphisms With HCV Infection Outcome. Br J Biomed Sci 2022; 79:10237. [PMID: 35996514 PMCID: PMC8983825 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2021.10237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D derivatives and their receptor (VDR) are immune-response modulators in many diseases including malignancies, metabolic conditions, and infections. We hypothesized that one or more variants of VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhotic patients.Materials and Methods: A total of 861 subjects were recruited and classified as spontaneous viral clearance (SVC, n = 127), chronic hepatic cirrhosis (CHC, n = 392), and HCC (n = 342). Standard routine laboratory tests were performed and clinical features noted. All individuals were genotyped for seven SNPs spanning the VDR using real-time PCR.Results: Genotype frequencies of SNPs rs7970376, rs11568820, rs4516035, rs2228570 (Fok1), rs1544410 (Bsm-1), and rs731236 (Taq1), but not rs739837, were variously altered in CHC and HCC compared with SVC, and in HCC compared to CHC (all p < 0.001). The most powerful was rs7970376, which brought an OR (95% CI) of 7.14 (4.64–10.98) for HCC compared to SVC (p = 0.001). The carriage of the AGTAC haplotype of five SNPs were linked to CHC compared to SVC at OR 2.88 [95% CI 1.2–6.9] (p = 0.017) and with HCC compared to CHC at OR 1.54 [95% CI = 1.04–2.27 (p = 0.031).Conclusion: SNPs in VDR may have a potential role in the outcomes of patients with HCV infection. VDR SNPs; rs7970376, rs11568820, rs4516035, rs2228570 (Fok1), rs1544410 (Bsm-1), and rs731236 (Taq1) could be used as molecular markers to predict the risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Neamatallah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- *Correspondence: M. Neamatallah,
| | - M. S. Serria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M. El‐Bendary
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - A.‐H. El‐Gilany
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - A. Alhawarey
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - S. Abed
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Y. A. Setate
- Infection Control Unit, Mansoura Specialized Hospital (MSH), Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - O. A. Ammar
- Basic Science Department, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
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Vitamin D Metabolites in Nonmetastatic High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients with and without Zoledronic Acid Treatment after Prostatectomy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061560. [PMID: 35326710 PMCID: PMC8946001 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent research on prostate cancer and vitamin D is controversial. We measured three vitamin D3 metabolites in 32 selected prostate cancer patients after surgery at four time points over four years. Within a large European study, half of the patients were prophylactically treated with zoledronic acid (ZA); the others received a placebo. After the study start, all the patients daily took calcium and vitamin D3. The development of metastasis was not affected by ZA treatment. While two vitamin D metabolites had higher values after the study’s start, with constant follow-up values, the 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 concentrations remained unchanged. The latter form was the only metabolite that was higher in the patients with metastasis as compared to those without bone metastasis. This result is surprising. However, it is too premature to discuss possible prognostic value yet. Our results should be confirmed in larger cohorts. Abstract There are limited and discrepant data on prostate cancer (PCa) and vitamin D. We investigated changes in three vitamin D3 metabolites in PCa patients after prostatectomy with zoledronic acid (ZA) treatment regarding their metastasis statuses over four years. In 32 patients from the ZEUS trial, 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 were measured with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry at four time points. All the patients received daily calcium and vitamin D3. Bone metastases were detected in 7 of the 17 ZA-treated patients and in 5 of the 15 controls (without ZA), without differences between the groups (p = 0.725). While 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 increased significantly after the study’s start, with following constant values, the 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations remained unchanged. ZA treatment did not change the levels of the three metabolites. 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 were not associated with the development of bone metastases. In contrast, 1,25(OH)2D3 was also higher in patients with bone metastasis before the study’s start. Thus, in high-risk PCa patients after prostatectomy, 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 were not affected by supportive ZA treatment or by the development of metastasis over four years, with the exception of 1,25(OH)2D3, which was constantly higher in metastatic patients. There might be potential prognostic value if the results can be confirmed.
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Weinstein SJ, Mondul AM, Layne TM, Yu K, Huang J, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Ziegler RG, Purdue MP, Huang WY, Abnet CC, Freedman ND, Albanes D. Prediagnostic Serum Vitamin D, Vitamin D Binding Protein Isoforms, and Cancer Survival. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:pkac019. [PMID: 35603848 PMCID: PMC8982405 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher circulating vitamin D has been associated with improved overall cancer survival, but data for organ-specific cancers are mixed. METHODS We examined the association between prediagnostic serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the recognized biomarker of vitamin D status, and cancer survival in 4038 men and women diagnosed with 1 of 11 malignancies during 22 years of follow-up (median = 15.6 years) within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Multivariable-adjusted proportional hazards regression estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between baseline 25(OH)D concentration and subsequent cancer survival; we also stratified on the common vitamin D binding protein isoforms (Gc1f, Gc1s, and Gc2) defined by two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs7041 and rs4588) in the vitamin D binding protein gene GC. All P values were 2-sided. RESULTS Higher 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with greater overall cancer survival (HR for cancer mortality = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.98 for highest vs lowest quintile; Ptrend = .05) and lung cancer survival (HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.44 to 0.90; Ptrend = .03). These associations were limited to cases expressing the Gc2 isoform (HR = 0.38 for Gc2-2, 95% CI = 0.14 to 1.05 for highest vs lowest quintile; Ptrend = .02; and HR = 0.30 for Gc1-2/Gc2-2 combined, 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.56; Ptrend < .001 for overall and lung cancer, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Higher circulating 25(OH)D was associated with improved overall and lung cancer survival. As this was especially evident among cases with the genetically determined Gc2 isoform of vitamin D binding protein, such individuals may gain a cancer survival advantage by maintaining higher 25(OH)D blood concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tracy M Layne
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachael Z Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Voutilainen A, Virtanen JK, Hantunen S, Nurmi T, Kokko P, Tuomainen TP. How competing risks affect the epidemiological relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer incidence? A population-based study. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14410. [PMID: 35229338 PMCID: PMC9540471 DOI: 10.1111/and.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that controversial results regarding the epidemiological relationship between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D, and risk of prostate cancer (PCA) incidence are partly due to competing risks. To test the hypothesis, we studied associations across 25(OH)D, PCA and death in 2578 middle-aged men belonging to the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. The men were free of cancer at baseline, and the mean (SD) follow-up time was 23.3 (9.1) years. During this period, 296 men had a PCA diagnosis, and 1448 men died without the PCA diagnosis. The absolute risk of developing PCA was highest in the highest 25(OH)D tertile (15%), whereas that of death was highest in the lowest 25(OH)D tertile (67%). A competing risk analysis showed that belonging to the highest 25(OH)D tertile increased the risk of PCA incidence and improved survival with the respective hazard ratios (HR) of 1.35 (95% CI = 1.07-1.70) and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.71-0.89). Adjusting for 10 covariates together with 25(OH)D did not significantly change the results, but the respective adjusted HRs for PCA and death were 1.20 and 0.87. To conclude, the competing risk analysis did not eliminate the direct relationship between 25(OH)D and PCA but rather strengthened it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Hantunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Nurmi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petra Kokko
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Luo C, He S, Zhang H, He S, Qi H, Wei A. Clinical and Biological Significance of DNA Methylation-Driven Differentially Expressed Genes in Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy. Front Genet 2022; 13:727307. [PMID: 35186021 PMCID: PMC8847683 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.727307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy indicates poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer (PCA). DNA methylation (DNAm) is a critical factor in tumorigenesis and has attracted attention as a biomarker for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PCA. However, the predictive value of DNAm-derived differentially expressed genes (DMGs) in PCA with BCR remains elusive. Methods: We filtered the methylated genes and the differentially expressed genes (DGEs) for more than 1,000 clinical samples from the TCGA cohort using the chAMP and DESeq2 packages of R language, respectively. Next, we integrated the DNAm beta value and gene expression data with the Mithymix package of R language to obtain the DMGs. Then, 1,000 times Cox LASSO regression with 10-fold cross validation was performed to screen signature DMGs and establish a predictive classifier. Univariate and multivariate cox regressive analyses were used to identify the prognostic factors to build a predictive model, and its performance was measured by receiver operating characteristic, calibration curves, and Harrell’s concordance index (C-index). Additionally, a GEO dataset was used to validate the prognostic classifier. Results: One hundred DMGs were mined using the chAMP and Methymix packages of R language. Of these, seven DMGs (CCK, CD38, CYP27A1, EID3, HABP2, LRRC4, and LY6G6D) were identified to build the prognostic classifier (Classifier) through LASSO analysis. Moreover, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis determined that the Classifier and pathological T stage (pathological_T) were independent predictors of BCR (hazard ratio (HR 2.2), (95% CI 1.4–3.5), p < 0.0012, and (HR 1.8), (95% CI 1.0–3.2), p < 0.046). A nomogram based on the Classifier was constructed, with high prediction accuracy for BCR-free survival in TCGA and GEO datasets. GSEA enrichment analysis showed that the DMGs were mainly enriched in the metabolism pathways. Conclusion: We identified and validated the nomogram of BCR-free survival for PCA patients, which has the potential to guide treatment decisions for patients at differing risks of BCR. Our study deepens the understanding of DMGs in the pathogenesis of PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Luo
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songzhe He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhua He
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Qi
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anyang Wei
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Mohamed AA, Abd-Elsalam S, Mostafa HM, Abdalla A, Farouk A, Aref AM, A.A. Elshmiy R, ElSayed E, Shafik NF, O. Mahmoud M, Al-Daly M, Zaghloul MS. Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Chronic Hepatitis C Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Population. THE OPEN BIOMARKERS JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1875318302111010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Small percentage of hepatitis C (HCV) patients develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during their lifetime, suggesting that genetic factors might modulate HCC development. Numerous variations on the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) have been recognized in human cancers. The majority of them cause VDR to be unable to bind to 1, 25-OH-D. The aim of the present work was to investigate the relation of VDR FokI (rs2228570), BsmI (rs3782905) and ApaI (rs7975232) gene polymorphisms and the risk of HCC development in chronic HCV Egyptian patients.
Methods:
A total of 311 Egyptian patients were enrolled for this study. They were divided into 3 groups: 103 patients with liver Cirrhosis, 107 patients with HCC and 101 normal healthy subjects as the control group. Human genomic DNA Extraction was carried out using QIAamp® DNA Blood Mini Kit (QIAGEN) Genotyping of VDR ApaI (rs7975232) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was carried out using real-time PCR TaqMan allelic discrimination assay with allele-specific designed fluorescent MGB probes.
Results:
Patients with HCC had a higher frequency of ApaI CC genotype (P=0.035) CI (0.031-0.038). Patients with HCC carried a higher ratio of ApaI CC genotype compared to those with liver cirrhosis (x2=5.4 and P = 0.03) or controls (x2=6.8 and P = 0.01). Univariate analysis revealed that age, lower platelet count (<150×103/μL), higher AFP (>100 ng/ml), and ApaI CC genotype were the factors significantly associated with the development of HCC. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that all were independent predictors.
Conclusion:
ApaI CC VDR gene mutation is an independent risk factor for HCC development in Egyptian Cirrhotic HCV patients.
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12
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Bahrami A, Sahebkar A. Vitamin D as a Potential Therapeutic Option in Cancer Treatment: Is There a Role for Chemoprevention? Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:2138-2149. [PMID: 32729431 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620999200729192728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (Vit D) serves as a precursor to the potent steroid hormone calcitriol, which regulates numerous genes that control homeostasis, epithelial cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Low level of Vit D is implicated in the development and progression of several diseases including bone fractures, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancers. The present review highlights the role of vitamin D in cancer with a particular emphasis on genetic variants related to Vit D metabolism as well as clinical trials of Vit D supplementation as a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of cancer patients. METHODS Data were collected following an electronic search in the Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus databases by using some keywords such as "cancer", "tumor", "malignancy", "vitamin D", "cholecalciferol" and "calcitriol". RESULTS The collected evidence from the studies revealed a consistent and strong association between Vit D status and cancer risk and survival. The associations between Vit D-related genetic variants and cancer survival support the hypothesis that Vit D may affect cancer outcomes. The mechanisms whereby Vit D reduces cancer risk and increases survival are regulation of cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis as well as decreased angiogenesis in tumor microenvironment and inhibition of metastasis. CONCLUSION There is a paucity of evidence-based recommendations for the optimal 25(OH)D levels in patients with cancer and the role of Vit D supplementation for primary or secondary prevention of cancer. Well-designed and sufficiently powered randomized clinical trials are necessary to assess the clinical application of Vit D in enhancing the clinical efficacy of standard and adjuvant chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Smith KER, Brown JT, Wan L, Liu Y, Russler G, Yantorni L, Caulfield S, Lafollette J, Moore M, Kucuk O, Carthon B, Nazha B, Bilen MA. Clinical Outcomes and Racial Disparities in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer in the Era of Novel Treatment Options. Oncologist 2021; 26:956-964. [PMID: 34096667 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docetaxel (DOC) and abiraterone (ABI) in the upfront setting have separately improved clinical outcomes for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), but there are no studies comparing drug efficacies or the influence of racial disparities. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective multicenter review from Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University and Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence at Grady Memorial Hospital (2014-2020) for patients with mHSPC treated with either upfront DOC or ABI. Outcomes evaluated were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and prostate-specific antigen complete response (PSA CR). RESULTS A total of 168 patients were included, consisting of 92 (54.8%) Black patients and 76 (45.2%) non-Black patients (69 White and 7 Asian or Hispanic). Ninety-four (56%) received DOC and 74 (44%) received ABI. Median follow-up time was 22.8 months with data last reviewed June 2020. For OS, there was no significant difference between ABI versus DOC and Black versus non-Black patients. For PFS, DOC was associated with hazard ratio (HR) 1.7 compared with ABI for all patients based on univariate association and HR 2.27 compared with ABI for Black patients on multivariable analysis. For PSA CR, Black patients were less likely to have a CR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27). CONCLUSION ABI and DOC have similar OS with a trend toward better PFS for ABI in a cohort composed of 54% Black patients. Racial disparities were observed as prolonged PFS for Black patients treated with ABI, more so compared with all patients, and less PSA CR for Black patients. A prospective trial comparing available upfront therapies in a diverse racial population is needed to help guide clinical decision-making in the era of novel treatment options. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Overall survival is similar for abiraterone and docetaxel when used as upfront therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer in a cohort composed of 54% Black patients. There is a trend towards improved progression-free survival for abiraterone in all patients and Black patients. Non-Black patients were more likely to achieve prostate-specific antigen (PSA) complete response regardless of upfront therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Theresa Brown
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Limeng Wan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Greta Russler
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren Yantorni
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Caulfield
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer Lafollette
- Grady Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melvin Moore
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Grady Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Grady Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bradley Carthon
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Grady Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bassel Nazha
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Grady Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mehmet Asim Bilen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Grady Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Nowroozi MR, Ghaedi E, Behnamfar A, Amini E, Momeni SA, Mahmoudi M, Rezaei N, Bokaie S, Sharifi L. The role of nutritional interventions in prostate cancer: A review. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:29. [PMID: 34345240 PMCID: PMC8305755 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_975_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence rate in conjunction with the long latency period made prostate cancer (PCa) an attractive and reasonable candidate for preventive measures. So far, several dietary and nutritional interventions have been implemented and studied with the aim of preventing the development or delaying the progression of PCa. Calorie restriction accompanied by weight loss has been shown to be associated with decreased likelihood of aggressive PCa. Supplements have played a major role in nutritional interventions. While genistein and lycopene seemed promising as preventive agents, minerals such as zinc and selenium were shown to be devoid of protective effects. The role of vitamins has been widely studied, with special emphasis on vitamins with antioxidant properties. Data related to Vitamin A and Vitamin C were rather controversial and positive effects were of insignificant magnitude. Vitamin E was associated with a decreased risk of PCa in high-risk groups like smokers. However, when it comes to Vitamin D, the serum levels might affect the risk of PCa. While deficiency of this vitamin was associated with increased risk, high serum levels imposed the risk of aggressive disease. Despite the seemingly promising effects of dietary measures on PCa, no firm recommendation could be made due to the limitations of the studies and evidence. However, the majority of these advices could be followed by the patients with the intent of living a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Behnamfar
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Amini
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Momeni
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center For Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Bokaie
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Sharifi
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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15
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Association of Polymorphisms in Vitamin D-Metabolizing Enzymes DHCR7 and CYP2R1 with Cancer Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:6615001. [PMID: 34093899 PMCID: PMC8164542 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6615001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The deficiency of vitamin D has been reported to be relevant to cancer risk. DHCR7 and CYP2R1 are crucial components of vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes. Thus, accumulating researchers are concerned with the correlation between polymorphisms of DHCR7 and CYP2R1 genes and cancer susceptibility. Nevertheless, the conclusions of literatures are inconsistent. We conducted an integrated review for the correlation of DHCR7 and CYP2R1 SNPs with cancer susceptibility. In the meanwhile, a meta-analysis was performed using accessible data to clarify the association between DHCR7 and CYP2R1 SNPs and overall cancer risk. Literatures which meet the rigid inclusion and exclusion criteria were involved. The association of each SNP with cancer risk was calculated by odds ratios (ORs). 12 case-control designed studies covering 23780 cases and 27307 controls were ultimately evolved in the present meta-analysis of five SNPs (DHCR7 rs12785878 and rs1790349 SNP; CYP2R1 rs10741657, rs12794714, and rs2060793 SNP). We found that DHCR7 rs12785878 SNP was significantly related to cancer risk in the whole population, Caucasian subgroup, and hospital-based (HB) subgroup. DHCR7 rs1790349 SNP was analyzed to increase cancer risk in Caucasians. Moreover, CYP2R1 rs12794714-A allele had correlation with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. Our findings indicated that rs12785878, rs1790349, and rs12794714 SNPs might potentially be biomarkers for cancer susceptibility.
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16
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Hou J, Karin M, Sun B. Targeting cancer-promoting inflammation - have anti-inflammatory therapies come of age? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:261-279. [PMID: 33469195 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-00459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune system has crucial roles in cancer development and treatment. Whereas adaptive immunity can prevent or constrain cancer through immunosurveillance, innate immunity and inflammation often promote tumorigenesis and malignant progression of nascent cancer. The past decade has witnessed the translation of knowledge derived from preclinical studies of antitumour immunity into clinically effective, approved immunotherapies for cancer. By contrast, the successful implementation of treatments that target cancer-associated inflammation is still awaited. Anti-inflammatory agents have the potential to not only prevent or delay cancer onset but also to improve the efficacy of conventional therapeutics and next-generation immunotherapies. Herein, we review the current clinical advances and experimental findings supporting the utility of an anti-inflammatory approach to the treatment of solid malignancies. Gaining a better mechanistic understanding of the mode of action of anti-inflammatory agents and designing more effective treatment combinations would advance the clinical application of this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Hou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Bassuk SS, Chandler PD, Buring JE, Manson JE. The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): Do Results Differ by Sex or Race/Ethnicity? Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 15:372-391. [PMID: 34366734 DOI: 10.1177/1559827620972035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether vitamin D or marine omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation reduces risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in general populations at usual risk for these outcomes is relatively unexplored in randomized trials. The primary goal of the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL), a nationwide, randomized, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial of vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day) and marine n-3 fatty acids (1 g/day) in the primary prevention of cancer and CVD among 25 871 US men aged ≥50 years and women aged ≥55 years, was to fill these knowledge gaps. Studying the influence of sex and race/ethnicity on treatment-related outcomes was a prespecified goal; such analyses help ensure that important effects are not missed and contribute to the foundation for developing targeted recommendations for supplement use. To enable investigation of potential sex- and race-specific treatment effects, trial investigators enrolled an even balance of men (n = 12 786) and women (n = 13 085) and oversampled African Americans (n = 5106). Significant or suggestive variation in intervention effects according to sex, race/ethnicity, and other participant characteristics was observed for some, though not all, outcomes. Additional research is needed to determine which individuals may be most likely to derive a net benefit from vitamin D or n-3 fatty acid supplementation. (VITAL clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01169259).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari S Bassuk
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (SSB, PDC, JEB, JEM).,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (JEB, JEM)
| | - Paulette D Chandler
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (SSB, PDC, JEB, JEM).,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (JEB, JEM)
| | - Julie E Buring
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (SSB, PDC, JEB, JEM).,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (JEB, JEM)
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (SSB, PDC, JEB, JEM).,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (JEB, JEM)
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18
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Ye ZM, Li LJ, Luo MB, Qing HY, Zheng JH, Zhang C, Lu YX, Tang YM. A systematic review and network meta-analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25256-25274. [PMID: 33226370 PMCID: PMC7803556 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this meta-analysis, we systematically investigated the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and pancreatic cancer (PC) risk. We searched PubMed, Network Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), and Wanfang databases up to January 2020 for studies on PC risk-associated SNPs. We identified 45 case-control studies (36,360 PC patients and 54,752 non-cancer individuals) relating to investigations of 27 genes and 54 SNPs for this meta-analysis. Direct meta-analysis followed by network meta-analysis and Thakkinstian algorithm analysis showed that homozygous genetic models for CTLA-4 rs231775 (OR =0.326; 95% CI: 0.218-0.488) and VDR rs2228570 (OR = 1.976; 95% CI: 1.496-2.611) and additive gene model for TP53 rs9895829 (OR = 1.231; 95% CI: 1.143-1.326) were significantly associated with PC risk. TP53 rs9895829 was the most optimal SNP for diagnosing PC susceptibility with a false positive report probability < 0.2 at a stringent prior probability value of 0.00001. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that TP53 rs9895829, VDR rs2228570, and CTLA-4 rs231775 are significantly associated with PC risk. We also demonstrate that TP53 rs9895829 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for estimating PC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Miao Ye
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Ruikang School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China.,Ruikang School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Li-Juan Li
- The First Clinical Faculty of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530222, China
| | - Ming-Bo Luo
- Ruikang School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Qing
- Ruikang School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yun-Xin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - You-Ming Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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19
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Kucera R, Pecen L, Topolcan O, Dahal AR, Costigliola V, Giordano FA, Golubnitschaja O. Prostate cancer management: long-term beliefs, epidemic developments in the early twenty-first century and 3PM dimensional solutions. EPMA J 2020; 11:399-418. [PMID: 32843909 PMCID: PMC7429585 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the early twenty-first century, societies around the world are facing the paradoxal epidemic development of PCa as a non-communicable disease. PCa is the most frequently diagnosed cancer for men in several countries such as the USA. Permanently improving diagnostics and treatments in the PCa management causes an impressive divergence between, on one hand, permanently increasing numbers of diagnosed PCa cases and, on the other hand, stable or even slightly decreasing mortality rates. Still, aspects listed below are waiting for innovate solutions in the context of predictive approaches, targeted prevention and personalisation of medical care (PPPM / 3PM).A.PCa belongs to the cancer types with the highest incidence worldwide. Corresponding economic burden is enormous. Moreover, the costs of treating PCa are currently increasing more quickly than those of any other cancer. Implementing individualised patient profiles and adapted treatment algorithms would make currently too heterogeneous landscape of PCa treatment costs more transparent providing clear "road map" for the cost saving.B.PCa is a systemic multi-factorial disease. Consequently, predictive diagnostics by liquid biopsy analysis is instrumental for the disease prediction, targeted prevention and curative treatments at early stages.C.The incidence of metastasising PCa is rapidly increasing particularly in younger populations. Exemplified by trends observed in the USA, prognosis is that the annual burden will increase by over 40% in 2025. To this end, one of the evident deficits is the reactive character of medical services currently provided to populations. Innovative screening programmes might be useful to identify persons in suboptimal health conditions before the clinical onset of metastasising PCa. Strong predisposition to systemic hypoxic conditions and ischemic lesions (e.g. characteristic for individuals with Flammer syndrome phenotype) and low-grade inflammation might be indicative for specific phenotyping and genotyping in metastasising PCa screening and disease management. Predictive liquid biopsy tests for CTC enumeration and their molecular characterisation are considered to be useful for secondary prevention of metastatic disease in PCa patients.D.Particular rapidly increasing PCa incidence rates are characteristic for adolescents and young adults aged 15-40 years. Patients with early onset prostate cancer pose unique challenges; multi-factorial risks for these trends are proposed. Consequently, multi-level diagnostics including phenotyping and multi-omics are considered to be the most appropriate tool for the risk assessment, prediction and prognosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that early onset prostate cancer is a distinct phenotype from both aetiological and clinical perspectives deserving particular attention from view point of 3P medical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Kucera
- Department of Immunochemistry Diagnostics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Pecen
- Department of Immunochemistry Diagnostics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Topolcan
- Department of Immunochemistry Diagnostics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Anshu Raj Dahal
- Center of Molecular Biotechnology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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20
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Low Vitamin D Levels and Frailty Status in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082286. [PMID: 32751730 PMCID: PMC7469050 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum vitamin D deficiency is widespread among older adults and is a potential modifiable risk factor for frailty. Moreover, frailty has been suggested as an intermediate step in the association between low levels of vitamin D and mortality. Hence, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis to test the possible association of low concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a marker of vitamin D status, with frailty in later life. We reviewed cross-sectional or longitudinal studies evaluating populations of older adults and identifying frailty by a currently validated scale. Meta-analyses were restricted to cross-sectional data from studies using Fried’s phenotype to identify frailty. Twenty-six studies were considered in the qualitative synthesis, and thirteen studies were included in the meta-analyses. Quantitative analyses showed significant differences in the comparisons of frail (standardized mean difference (SMD)—1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−2.47, −0.15), p = 0.0271) and pre-frail (SMD—0.79, 95% CI (−1.58, −0.003), p = 0.0491) subjects vs. non-frail subjects. Sensitivity analyses reduced heterogeneity, resulting in a smaller but still highly significant between-groups difference. Results obtained indicate that lower 25(OH)D levels are significantly associated with increasing frailty severity. Future challenges include interventional studies testing the possible benefits of vitamin D supplementation in older adults to prevent/palliate frailty and its associated outcomes.
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21
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Maksymchuk OV, Kashuba VI. Altered expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in metabolism of androgens and vitamin D in the prostate as a risk factor for prostate cancer. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1161-1172. [PMID: 32681429 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignant disease among men. The signaling pathways, regulated by the androgen and vitamin D receptors, play a key role in prostate cancer. The intracellular level of androgens and vitamin D determines not only receptor functionality, but also the efficacy of cellular processes regulated by them (cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation etc.). It is known that several androgen-metabolizing P450s (CYP3A4/5/43 and CYP2B6) and P450 enzymes (CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, CYP3A4, CYP2J2), which are necessary for vitamin D metabolism, are expressed in the prostate. It was shown that alterations in an expression pattern of the certain cytochrome P450s might lead to the development of castration-resistant cancer (CYP3A4, CYP2J2, CYP24A1), and to chemo-resistance (CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2B6) and early mortality (CYP2B6, CYP27A1, CYP24A1). Moreover, steroidogenic CYPs (CYP17A1, CYP11A1) are not expressed in normal prostate tissue. Alterations in their expression levels in steroidogenic tissues are closely associated with carcinogenesis, and, most importantly, with the development of aggressive forms of prostate cancer. Hence, it is important, to study how expression of CYPs in the prostate might be regulated, to understand the mechanisms of disease development and to improve the effectiveness of therapy. Several CYPs (CYP3A43, CYP2B6, CYP27A1, CYP24A1) can be considered as prognostic and diagnostic markers of prostate cancer. To propose personalized treatment, individual differences in CYP expression should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana V Maksymchuk
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150, Zabolotnogo Street, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine.
| | - Vladimir I Kashuba
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150, Zabolotnogo Street, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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Graves JS, Barcellos LF, Krupp L, Belman A, Shao X, Quach H, Hart J, Chitnis T, Weinstock-Guttman B, Aaen G, Benson L, Gorman M, Greenberg B, Lotze T, Soe M, Ness J, Rodriguez M, Rose J, Schreiner T, Tillema JM, Waldman A, Casper TC, Waubant E. Vitamin D genes influence MS relapses in children. Mult Scler 2020; 26:894-901. [PMID: 31081484 PMCID: PMC6851448 DOI: 10.1177/1352458519845842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether a vitamin D genetic risk score (vitDGRS) is associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses in children. METHODS DNA samples were typed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from four genes previously identified to be associated with 25(OH)D levels. SNPs with strong associations with 25(OH)D after multiple comparison correction were used to create a genetic risk score (vitDGRS). Cox regression models tested associations of vitDGRS with relapse hazard. RESULTS Two independent SNPs within or near GC and NADSYN1/DHCR7 genes were strongly associated with 25(OH)D levels in the discovery cohort (n = 182) after Bonferroni correction. The vitDGRS of these SNPs explained 4.5% of the variance of 25(OH)D level after adjustment for genetic ancestry. Having the highest versus lowest vitDGRS was associated with 11 ng/mL lower 25(OH)D level (95% confidence interval (CI) = -17.5, -4.5, p = 0.001) in the discovery cohort. Adjusting for ancestry, sex, disease-modifying therapy (DMT), and HLA-DRB1*15 carrier status, the highest versus lowest vitDGRS was associated with 2.6-fold (95% CI = 1.37, 5.03, p = 0.004) and 2.0-fold (95% CI = 0.75, 5.20, p = 0.16) higher relapse hazard in the discovery and replication cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSION The vitDGRS identifies children at greater risk of relapse. These findings support a causal role for vitamin D in MS course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Graves
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa F Barcellos
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Krupp
- Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiaorong Shao
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hong Quach
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Janace Hart
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gregory Aaen
- Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Benson
- Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Gorman
- Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Timothy Lotze
- The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mar Soe
- Pediatric MS & Demyelinating Disease Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MI, USA
| | - Jayne Ness
- Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MA, USA
| | - John Rose
- Department of Neurology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Teri Schreiner
- Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Amy Waldman
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T Charles Casper
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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23
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Post-treatment levels of plasma 25- and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and mortality in men with aggressive prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7736. [PMID: 32385370 PMCID: PMC7210996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D may reduce mortality from prostate cancer (PC). We examined the associations of post-treatment plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations with PC mortality. Participants were PC cases from the New South Wales Prostate Cancer Care. All contactable and consenting participants, at 4.9 to 8.6 years after diagnosis, were interviewed and had plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) measured in blood specimens. Cox regression allowing for left-truncation was used to calculate adjusted mortality hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for all-cause and PC-specific mortality in relation to vitamin D levels and other potentially-predictive variables. Of the participants (n = 111; 75·9% response rate), there were 198 deaths from any cause and 41 from PC in the study period. Plasma 25(OH)D was not associated with all-cause or PC-specific mortality (p-values > 0·10). Plasma 1,25(OH)2D was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR for highest relative to lowest quartile = 0·45; 95% CI: 0·29-0·69), and PC-specific mortality (HR = 0·40; 95% CI: 0·14-1·19). These associations were apparent only in men with aggressive PC: all-cause mortality HR = 0·28 (95% CI·0·15-0·52; p-interaction = 0·07) and PC-specific mortality HR = 0·26 (95% CI: 0·07-1.00). Time spent outdoors was also associated with lower all-cause (HR for 4th relative to 1st exposure quartile = 0·42; 95% CI: 0·24-0·75) and PC-specific (HR = 0·48; 95% CI: 0·14-1·64) mortality, although the 95% CI for the latter was wide. The inverse association between post-treatment plasma 1,25(OH)2D levels and all-cause and PC-specific mortality in men with aggressive PC, suggest a possible beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation in these men.
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24
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Manson JE, Bassuk SS, Buring JE. Principal results of the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) and updated meta-analyses of relevant vitamin D trials. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105522. [PMID: 31733345 PMCID: PMC7089819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Whether supplemental vitamin D reduces risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease (CVD) is relatively unexplored in randomized trial settings. The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) was a nationwide, randomized, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial of daily vitamin D3 (2000 IU) and marine omega-3 fatty acids (1 g) in the primary prevention of cancer and CVD among 25,871 U.S. men aged ≥50 and women aged ≥55, including 5106 African Americans. Median treatment duration was 5.3 years. Vitamin D did not significantly reduce the primary endpoint of total invasive cancer incidence (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.96 [95% confidence interval 0.88-1.06]) but showed a promising signal for reduction in total cancer mortality (HR = 0.83 [0.67-1.02]), especially in analyses that accounted for latency by excluding the first year (HR = 0.79 [0.63-0.99]) or first 2 years (HR = 0.75 [0.59-0.96]) of follow-up. Vitamin D did not significantly reduce the co-primary endpoint of major CVD events (HR = 0.97 [0.85-1.12]), other cardiovascular endpoints, or all-cause mortality (HR = 0.99 [0.87-1.12]). Updated meta-analyses that include VITAL and other recent vitamin D trials indicate a significant reduction in cancer mortality but not in cancer incidence or CVD endpoints. Additional research is needed to determine which individuals may be most likely to derive a net benefit from vitamin D supplementation. (VITAL clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01169259).
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Shari S Bassuk
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julie E Buring
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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25
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-Alpha-Hydroxylase ( CYP27B1) Gene: The Risk of Malignant Tumors and Other Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030801. [PMID: 32197412 PMCID: PMC7146376 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
: Vitamin D is widely known for its roles in the promotion of apoptosis and differentiation, with simultaneous inhibition of proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Modern literature lacks complete information on polymorphisms in CYP27B1, the only enzyme capable of vitamin D activation. This review presents gathered data that relate to genetic variants in CYP27B1 gene in correlation to multiple diseases, mostly concerning colorectal, prostate, breast, lung, and pancreatic cancers, as well as on other pathologies, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, oral lichen planus, or multiple sclerosis.
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26
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Torkko K, Till C, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Song X, Schenk JM, Lucia MS, Peters U, van Bokhoven A, Thompson IM, Neuhouser ML. Vitamin D Pathway and Other Related Polymorphisms and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:521-530. [PMID: 32102946 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D may influence prostate cancer risk, but evidence is inconsistent. We conducted a nested case-control study in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT). Cases (n = 1,128) and controls (n = 1,205) were frequency matched on age, first-degree relative with prostate cancer, and PCPT treatment arm (finasteride/placebo); African-Americans were oversampled and case/control status was biopsy confirmed. We selected 21 SNPs in vitamin D-related genes (VDR, GC, C10orf88, CYP2R1, CYP24A1, CYP27B1, DHCR7, and NADSYN1) to test genotype and genotype-treatment interactions in relation to prostate cancer. We also tested mean serum 25(OH)D differences by minor allele distributions and tested for serum 25(OH)D-genotype interactions in relation to prostate cancer risk. Log-additive genetic models (Bonferroni-corrected within genes) adjusted for age, body mass index, PSA, and family history of prostate cancer revealed a significant interaction between treatment arm and GC/rs222016 (finasteride OR = 1.37, placebo OR = 0.85; P interaction < 0.05), GC/rs222014 (finasteride OR = 1.36, placebo OR = 0.85; P interaction < 0.05), and CYP27B1/rs703842 (finasteride OR = 0.76, placebo OR = 1.10; P interaction < 0.05) among Caucasians, and C10orf88/rs6599638 (finasteride OR = 4.68, placebo OR = 1.39; P interaction < 0.05) among African-Americans. VDR/rs1544410 and CYP27B1/rs703842 had significant treatment interactions for high-grade disease among Caucasians (finasteride OR = 0.81, placebo OR = 1.40; P interaction < 0.05 and finasteride OR = 0.70, placebo OR = 1.28; P interaction < 0.05, respectively). Vitamin D-related SNPs influenced serum 25(OH)D, but gene-serum 25(OH)D effect modification for prostate cancer was marginally observed only for CYP24A1/rs2248359. In conclusion, evidence that vitamin D-related genes or gene-serum 25(OH)D associations influence prostate cancer risk is modest. We found some evidence for gene-finasteride interaction effects for prostate cancer in Caucasians and African-Americans. Results suggest only minimal associations of vitamin D with total or high-grade prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Torkko
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Cathee Till
- Division of Public Health Sciences, SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeannette M Schenk
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - M Scott Lucia
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adrie van Bokhoven
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ian M Thompson
- Christus Santa Rosa Hospital-Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
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27
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Matsushita M, Fujita K, Nonomura N. Influence of Diet and Nutrition on Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041447. [PMID: 32093338 PMCID: PMC7073095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) displays widespread regional differences, probably owing to differences in dietary habits. Nutrients, including fat, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins (vitamin A, D, and E), and polyphenols, potentially affect PCa pathogenesis and progression, as previously reported using animal models; however, clinical studies have reported controversial results for almost all nutrients. The effects of these nutrients may be manifested through various mechanisms including inflammation, antioxidant effects, and the action of sex hormones. Dietary patterns including the Western and Prudent patterns also influence the risk of PCa. Recent studies reported that the gut microbiota contribute to tumorigenesis in some organs. Diet composition and lifestyle have a direct and profound effect on the gut bacteria. Human studies reported an increase in the abundance of specific gut bacteria in PCa patients. Although there are few studies concerning their relationship, diet and nutrition could influence PCa, and this could be mediated by gut microbiota. An intervention of dietary patterns could contribute to the prevention of PCa. An intervention targeting dietary patterns may thus help prevent PCa.
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28
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Abstract
A variety of diet and lifestyle factors have been studied with respect to prostate cancer risk in large, prospective cohort studies. In spite of this work, and in contrast to other common cancers, few modifiable risk factors have been firmly established as playing a role in prostate cancer. There are several possible explanations for the lack of well-established risk factors. First, prostate cancer has among the highest heritability of all common cancers; second, early life exposures may play an important role in risk, rather than mid- and later-life exposures assessed in most epidemiological studies. Finally, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening plays a critical role in prostate cancer detection and incidence rates, which has important implications for epidemiological studies.Among modifiable risk factors, smoking and obesity are consistently associated with higher risk specifically of advanced prostate cancer. There is also considerable evidence for a positive association between dairy intake and overall prostate cancer risk, and an inverse association between cooked tomato/lycopene intake and risk of advanced disease. Several other dietary factors consistently associated with risk in observational studies, including selenium and vitamin E, have been cast into doubt by results from clinical trials. Results for other well-studied dietary factors, including fat intake, red meat, fish, vitamin D, soy and phytoestrogens are mixed.In practical terms, men concerned with prostate cancer risk should be encouraged to stop smoking, be as physically active as possible, and achieve or maintain a healthy weight. These recommendations also have the advantage of having a positive impact on risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic diseases. Reducing dairy intake while increasing consumption of fish and tomato products is also reasonable advice.
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29
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King Thomas J, Mir H, Kapur N, Singh S. Racial Differences in Immunological Landscape Modifiers Contributing to Disparity in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121857. [PMID: 31769418 PMCID: PMC6966521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer affects African Americans disproportionately by exhibiting greater incidence, rapid disease progression, and higher mortality when compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Additionally, standard treatment interventions do not achieve similar outcome in African Americans compared to Caucasian Americans, indicating differences in host factors contributing to racial disparity. African Americans have allelic variants and hyper-expression of genes that often lead to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, possibly contributing to more aggressive tumors and poorer disease and therapeutic outcomes than Caucasians. In this review, we have discussed race-specific differences in external factors impacting internal milieu, which modify immunological topography as well as contribute to disparity in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeronay King Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (J.K.T.); (H.M.); (N.K.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Hina Mir
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (J.K.T.); (H.M.); (N.K.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Neeraj Kapur
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (J.K.T.); (H.M.); (N.K.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Shailesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (J.K.T.); (H.M.); (N.K.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-756-5718; Fax: +1-404-752-1179
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30
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Baumann B, Lugli G, Gao S, Zenner M, Nonn L. High levels of PIWI-interacting RNAs are present in the small RNA landscape of prostate epithelium from vitamin D clinical trial specimens. Prostate 2019; 79:840-855. [PMID: 30905091 PMCID: PMC6593815 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D, a hormone that acts through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), upregulates antitumorigenic microRNA in prostate epithelium. This may contribute to the lower levels of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) observed in patients with high serum vitamin D. The small noncoding RNA (ncRNA) landscape includes many other RNA species that remain uncharacterized in prostate epithelium and their potential regulation by vitamin D is unknown. METHODS Laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by small-RNA sequencing was used to identify ncRNAs in the prostate epithelium of tissues from a vitamin D-supplementation trial. VDR chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing was performed to identify vitamin D genomic targets in primary prostate epithelial cells. RESULTS Isolation of epithelium by LCM increased sample homogeneity and captured more diversity in ncRNA species compared with publicly available small-RNA sequencing data from benign whole prostate. An abundance of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) was detected in normal prostate epithelium. The obligate binding partners of piRNAs, PIWI-like (PIWIL) proteins, were also detected in prostate epithelium. High prostatic vitamin D levels were associated with increased expression of piRNAs. VDR binding sites were located near several ncRNA biogenesis genes and genes regulating translation and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Benign prostate epithelium expresses both piRNA and PIWIL proteins, suggesting that these small ncRNA may serve an unknown function in the prostate. Vitamin D may increase the expression of prostatic piRNAs. VDR binding sites in primary prostate epithelial cells are consistent with its reported antitumorigenic functions and a role in ncRNA biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Baumann
- Department of Pathology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Giovanni Lugli
- Department of Pathology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Shang Gao
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Morgan Zenner
- Department of Pathology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
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31
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Association between vitamin D level and hematuria from a dipstick test in a large scale population based study: Korean National Health and nutrition examination survey. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:187. [PMID: 31126256 PMCID: PMC6534857 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is an important health concern because it is related to several comorbidities and mortality. However, its relationship with the risk of hematuria remains undetermined in the general population. In this study, we analyzed the association between vitamin D deficiency and hematuria. METHODS We conducted cross-sectional analysis using data of participants from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2014. A total of 20,240 participants, aged ≥18 years old, were analyzed. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured in a central laboratory and hematuria was defined as ≥1+ on a dipstick test. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of hematuria risk according to serum 25(OH)D quartiles, after adjusting several covariates. RESULTS A total 3144 (15.5%) participants had hematuria. The mean 25(OH)D level was 17.4 ± 6.2 ng/mL (median, 16.6 ng/mL (interquartile range, 13.1-20.8 ng/mL)). The 3rd and 4th quartiles had a higher risk of hematuria than the 1st quartile, with adjusted ORs 1.26 (1.114-1.415) and 1.40 (1.240-1.572) in the 3rd and 4th quartiles, respectively. However, this relationship was only significant in women, not in men. When stratified analyses were conducted according to menopausal status, there was a significant increase of hematuria risk according to quartiles in postmenopausal but not in premenopausal women. CONCLUSION We found that vitamin D deficiency is correlated with hematuria in women, particularly after menopause. Further interventional studies are warranted to address whether correcting vitamin D deficiency can lower the risk of hematuria.
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32
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Khan NA, Stopsack KH, Allott EH, Gerke T, Giovannucci EL, Mucci LA, Kantoff PW. Intratumoral Sterol-27-Hydroxylase ( CYP27A1) Expression in Relation to Cholesterol Synthesis and Vitamin D Signaling and Its Association with Lethal Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1052-1058. [PMID: 30867220 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher intratumoral cholesterol synthesis is associated with a worse prognosis in prostate cancer. The vitamin D-regulated enzyme sterol-27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) converts cholesterol to 27-hydroxycholesterol, potentially lowering intracellular cholesterol levels. We hypothesized that low CYP27A1 expression is associated with high cholesterol synthesis, low vitamin D signaling, and higher risk of lethal prostate cancer. METHODS In 404 patients from the prospective prostate cancer cohorts within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and the Physicians' Health Study (PHS), we assessed intratumoral CYP27A1 expression and proxies of cholesterol synthesis using transcriptome profiling, prediagnostic plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D; n = 132], and intratumoral vitamin D receptor protein expression (VDR; n = 300). Patients were followed for metastases and prostate cancer mortality (lethal cancer; median follow-up, 15.3 years). RESULTS CYP27A1 expression was lower in tumors with higher Gleason grade and higher expression of cholesterol synthesis enzymes, including the second rate-limiting enzyme, SQLE. We did not detect consistent associations between CYP27A1 and 25(OH)D, VDR, or CYP24A1 mRNA expression. Lower CYP27A1 was associated with higher risk of lethal cancer in both cohorts, independent of SQLE [adjusted OR for lowest vs. highest quartile of CYP27A1, 2.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24-5.62]. This association was attenuated when additionally adjusting for Gleason grade (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 0.75-4.17). CONCLUSIONS Low CYP27A1 expression was associated with higher cholesterol synthesis and a higher risk of lethal disease. IMPACT These observations further support the hypothesis that intratumoral cholesterol accumulation through higher synthesis and decreased catabolism is a feature of lethal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeela A Khan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emma H Allott
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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33
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Repurposing vitamin D for treatment of human malignancies via targeting tumor microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:203-219. [PMID: 30972274 PMCID: PMC6437556 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells along with a small proportion of cancer stem cells exist in a stromal microenvironment consisting of vasculature, cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells and extracellular components. Recent epidemiological and clinical studies strongly support that vitamin D supplementation is associated with reduced cancer risk and favorable prognosis. Experimental results suggest that vitamin D not only suppresses cancer cells, but also regulates tumor microenvironment to facilitate tumor repression. In this review, we have outlined the current knowledge on epidemiological studies and clinical trials of vitamin D. Notably, we summarized and discussed the anticancer action of vitamin D in cancer cells, cancer stem cells and stroma cells in tumor microenvironment, providing a better understanding of the role of vitamin D in cancer. We presently re-propose vitamin D to be a novel and economical anticancer agent.
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Key Words
- 1,25(OH)2D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
- 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
- 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CSC, cancer stem cell
- Cancer stem cell
- Cancer-associated fibroblast
- DBP/GC, vitamin D-binding protein
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- GI, gastrointestinal
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- PC, pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- PG, prostaglandin
- PSC, pancreatic stellate cells
- TDEC, tumor derived endothelial cell
- TIC, tumor initiating cell
- TIL, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- Tumor microenvironment
- Tumor-derived endothelial cell
- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte
- VDR, vitamin D receptor
- VDRE, VDR element
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- Vitamin D
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Torfadottir JE, Aspelund T, Valdimarsdottir UA, Cotch MF, Tryggvadottir L, Harris TB, Gudnason V, Adami HO, Mucci LA, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, Steingrimsdottir L. Pre-diagnostic 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and survival in cancer patients. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:333-342. [PMID: 30805814 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our main aim was to explore whether pre-diagnostic circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) among older individuals with cancer were associated with overall and cancer-specific survival after diagnosis. DESIGN We used data from the Reykjavik-AGES Study on participants (n = 4,619) without cancer at entry, when blood samples were taken for 25(OH)D standardized measurements. The association with cancer risk, all-cause- and cancer-specific mortality was assessed among those later diagnosed with cancer, comparing four 25(OH)D categories, using 50-69.9 nmol/L as the reference category. RESULTS Cancer was diagnosed in 919 participants on average 8.3 years after blood draw. No association was observed between the reference group and other 25(OH)D groups and total cancer incidence. Mean age at diagnosis was 80.9 (± 5.7) years. Of those diagnosed, 552 died during follow-up, 67% from cancer. Low pre-diagnostic levels of 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L were significantly associated with increased total mortality (HR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.03, 1.88) and non-significantly with cancer-specific mortality (HR: 1.33, 95% CI 0.93, 1.90). Among patients surviving more than 2 years after diagnosis, higher pre-diagnostic 25(OH)D levels (≥ 70 nmol/L) were associated with lower risk of overall (HR: 0.68, 95% CI 0.46, 0.99) and cancer-specific mortality (HR: 0.47, 95% CI 0.26, 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Among elderly cancer patients, low pre-diagnostic serum 25(OH)D levels (< 30 nmol/L) were associated with increased overall mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E Torfadottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Unnur A Valdimarsdottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary Frances Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, Intramural Research Program, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laufey Steingrimsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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35
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Moemen Y, Khalil F, Khalil A. FokI polymorphism in vitamin D receptor gene and its association with hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients with chronic liver disease. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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36
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Travis RC, Perez-Cornago A, Appleby PN, Albanes D, Joshu CE, Lutsey PL, Mondul AM, Platz EA, Weinstein SJ, Layne TM, Helzlsouer KJ, Visvanathan K, Palli D, Peeters PH, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Trichopoulou A, Gunter MJ, Tsilidis KK, Sánchez MJ, Olsen A, Brenner H, Schöttker B, Perna L, Holleczek B, Knekt P, Rissanen H, Yeap BB, Flicker L, Almeida OP, Wong YYE, Chan JM, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, Ursin G, Gislefoss RE, Bjørge T, Meyer HE, Blomhoff R, Tsugane S, Sawada N, English DR, Eyles DW, Heath AK, Williamson EJ, Manjer J, Malm J, Almquist M, Marchand LL, Haiman CA, Wilkens LR, Schenk JM, Tangen CM, Black A, Cook MB, Huang WY, Ziegler RG, Martin RM, Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Neal DE, Touvier M, Hercberg S, Galan P, Deschasaux M, Key TJ, Allen NE. A Collaborative Analysis of Individual Participant Data from 19 Prospective Studies Assesses Circulating Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer Risk. Cancer Res 2019; 79:274-285. [PMID: 30425058 PMCID: PMC6330070 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous prospective studies assessing the relationship between circulating concentrations of vitamin D and prostate cancer risk have shown inconclusive results, particularly for risk of aggressive disease. In this study, we examine the association between prediagnostic concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and the risk of prostate cancer overall and by tumor characteristics. Principal investigators of 19 prospective studies provided individual participant data on circulating 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D for up to 13,462 men with incident prostate cancer and 20,261 control participants. ORs for prostate cancer by study-specific fifths of season-standardized vitamin D concentration were estimated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. 25(OH)D concentration was positively associated with risk for total prostate cancer (multivariable-adjusted OR comparing highest vs. lowest study-specific fifth was 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.31; P trend < 0.001). However, this association varied by disease aggressiveness (P heterogeneity = 0.014); higher circulating 25(OH)D was associated with a higher risk of nonaggressive disease (OR per 80 percentile increase = 1.24, 1.13-1.36) but not with aggressive disease (defined as stage 4, metastases, or prostate cancer death, 0.95, 0.78-1.15). 1,25(OH)2D concentration was not associated with risk for prostate cancer overall or by tumor characteristics. The absence of an association of vitamin D with aggressive disease does not support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency increases prostate cancer risk. Rather, the association of high circulating 25(OH)D concentration with a higher risk of nonaggressive prostate cancer may be influenced by detection bias. SIGNIFICANCE: This international collaboration comprises the largest prospective study on blood vitamin D and prostate cancer risk and shows no association with aggressive disease but some evidence of a higher risk of nonaggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul N Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pamela L Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tracy M Layne
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathy J Helzlsouer
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Pantai Valley, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Perna
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Paul Knekt
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Rissanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bu B Yeap
- The Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- The Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Osvaldo P Almeida
- The Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Yuen Yee Elizabeth Wong
- The Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospitals Group, Perth, Australia
| | - June M Chan
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giske Ursin
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi E Gislefoss
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Bjørge
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Haakon E Meyer
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Clinical Service, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dallas R English
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darryl W Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Williamson
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Malm
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Almquist
- Department of Surgery, Endocrine-Sarcoma Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Jeannette M Schenk
- Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cathy M Tangen
- SWOG (Formerly the Southwest Oncology Group) Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard M Martin
- Bristol Medical School Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council (MRC) University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- Bristol Medical School Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David E Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Inserm U1153/Inra U1125/Cnam/Paris 13 University, Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Inserm U1153/Inra U1125/Cnam/Paris 13 University, Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Inserm U1153/Inra U1125/Cnam/Paris 13 University, Bobigny, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Inserm U1153/Inra U1125/Cnam/Paris 13 University, Bobigny, France
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi E Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Husain NE, Suliman AA, Abdelrahman I, Bedri SA, Musa RM, Osman HE, Mustafa AH, Gafer N, Farah E, Satir AA, Ahmed MH, Osman M, Agaimy A. Serum vitamin D level, sun-exposed area, dietary factors, and physical activity as predictors of invasive breast cancer risk among Sudanese women: A case-control study. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:1706-1714. [PMID: 31198741 PMCID: PMC6559091 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_197_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of vitamin D in the development, progression, and prognosis of breast cancer, though widely studied worldwide, has been inconclusive. This study intended to assess the role of some factors (including serum vitamin D level, sun-exposed area, dietary factors, and physical activity) as predictors of the development of invasive breast cancer (IBC) among Sudanese women. Methods: A case–control study was conducted on 200 Sudanese women (100 with newly diagnosed IBC and 100 matched healthy females). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured through a competitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Matching analysis was adopted by R version 3.4.1 making use of the “MatchIt” package for calculating propensity scores to build a confounder-adjusted, multiple generalized, linear logistic regression model. Results: Participants’ age ranged from 28 to 85 years with a mean [±standard deviation (SD)] of 48.10 (±12.11) years. The mean (±SD) serum vitamin D level was 12.97 (±8.60) and 13.79 (±6.79) ng/mL in breast cancer and noncancer Sudanese women, respectively [P = 0.013; odds ratio (OR) 0.862; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.766–0.969; β = 0.149)]. Sun-exposed area (P = 0.038; OR 0.013; 95% CI 0.000–0.782; β = 4.339) is significantly and negatively associated with breast cancer development. While moderate physical activity (P = 0.0008; OR 2625.430; 95% CI 26.647–258673.001; β = 7.873) is significantly and positively associated with IBC risk. Occasional consumption of milk, dairy products, eggs, and fish reduces the risk of developing IBC by 78.1%, 75.0%, 78.4%, and 76.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The higher the plasma vitamin D level by one unit, the lower the risk of breast cancer by 13.84%. Sedentary lifestyle, reduced sun-exposed skin area, and low serum vitamin D levels can be considered as predictors of IBC. Encouraging moderate physical activity and consumption of certain foods may, in part, decrease the precipitating risks of breast cancer. More studies and research are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shahinaz A Bedri
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahfad University for Women, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Rasha M Musa
- Department of Medical Laboratories, National Ribat University Hospital, Sudan
| | - Hind E Osman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University for Science and Technology, Sudan
| | - Ayda H Mustafa
- Breast Combined Clinic, RICK and Department of Surgery, Alneelain University, Sudan
| | - Nahla Gafer
- Oncology and Palliative Care Unit, Radiation and Isotope Center, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ehab Farah
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabouk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed H Ahmed
- Department of Medicine and HIV Metabolic Clinic, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Mugtaba Osman
- Armed Forces Centre for Psychiatric Care, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Yuan C, Shui IM, Wilson KM, Stampfer MJ, Mucci LA, Giovannucci EL. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D binding protein and risk of advanced and lethal prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2401-2407. [PMID: 30411792 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that higher total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were associated with lower risk of lethal prostate cancer. However, the relationships of bioavailable 25(OH)D and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) with risk of advanced and lethal prostate cancer are unclear. In a prospective case-control study of 156 pairs of advanced prostate cancer cases and controls, we directly measured prediagnostic circulating 25(OH)D and VDBP and calculated bioavailable 25(OH)D using a validated formula. We examined the association of bioavailable 25(OH)D and VDBP levels with risk of advanced and lethal prostate cancer and whether total 25(OH)D levels interacted with VDBP levels to affect the risk. Conditional logistic models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Compared to total 25(OH)D (ptrend = 0.02), bioavailable 25(OH)D levels were not more strongly associated with risk of advanced prostate cancer (ptrend = 0.14). Although VDBP levels were not associated with risk of advanced prostate cancer (ptrend = 0.16), we observed an interaction between total 25(OH)D levels and VDBP levels in relation to risk of advanced prostate cancer (pinteraction = 0.03). Compared to those with total 25(OH)D levels below the median and VDBP levels above the median (at highest risk), men with both levels above the median had a multivariable-adjusted OR of 0.31 (95% CI, 0.15-0.65) for advanced prostate cancer. We observed similar results when we restricted the analyses to 116 lethal prostate cancer cases and their controls. Our data suggest that VDBP levels may modify the association between total 25(OH)D levels and risk of advanced and lethal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Irene M Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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39
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Song ZY, Yao Q, Zhuo Z, Ma Z, Chen G. Circulating vitamin D level and mortality in prostate cancer patients: a dose-response meta-analysis. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R294-R303. [PMID: 30352424 PMCID: PMC6240137 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the association of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with prognosis of prostate cancer yielded controversial results. We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to elucidate the relationship. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for eligible studies up to July 15, 2018. We performed a dose-response meta-analysis using random-effect model to calculate the summary hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of mortality in patients with prostate cancer. Seven eligible cohort studies with 7808 participants were included. The results indicated that higher vitamin D level could reduce the risk of death among prostate cancer patients. The summary HR of prostate cancer-specific mortality correlated with an increment of every 20 nmol/L in circulating vitamin D level was 0.91, with 95% CI 0.87-0.97, P = 0.002. The HR for all-cause mortality with the increase of 20 nmol/L vitamin D was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84-0.98, P = 0.01). Sensitivity analysis suggested the pooled HRs were stable and not obviously changed by any single study. No evidence of publications bias was observed. This meta-analysis suggested that higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was associated with a reduction of mortality in prostate cancer patients and vitamin D is an important protective factor in the progression and prognosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-yu Song
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to G Chen:
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40
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The association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and hepato-cellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients with chronic liver disease. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Weinstein SJ, Mondul AM, Yu K, Layne TM, Abnet CC, Freedman ND, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Lim U, Gail MH, Albanes D. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D up to 3 decades prior to diagnosis in relation to overall and organ-specific cancer survival. Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 33:1087-1099. [PMID: 30073448 PMCID: PMC6195863 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-018-0428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While vitamin D has been associated with improved overall cancer survival in some investigations, few have prospectively evaluated organ-specific survival. We examined the accepted biomarker of vitamin D status, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and cancer survival in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. Of 4616 cancer cases with measured serum 25(OH)D, 2884 died of their cancer during 28 years of follow-up and 1732 survived or died of other causes. Proportional hazards regression estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between pre-diagnostic 25(OH)D and overall and site-specific survival. Serum 25(OH)D was significantly lower among cases who subsequently died from their malignancy compared with those who did not (medians 34.7 vs. 36.5 nmol/L, respectively; p = 0.01). Higher 25(OH)D was associated with lower overall cancer mortality (HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.85 for highest vs. lowest quintile, p-trend < 0.0001). Higher 25(OH)D was related to lower mortality from the following site-specific malignancies: prostate (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.55-1.01, p-trend = 0.005), kidney (HR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.35-0.98, p-trend = 0.28), and melanoma (HR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.20-0.78, p-trend = 0.01), but increased mortality from lung cancer (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.02-1.61, p-trend = 0.19). Improved survival was also suggested for head and neck, gastric, pancreatic, and liver cancers, though not statistically significantly, and case numbers for the latter two organ sites were small. Higher 25(OH)D status years prior to diagnosis was related to improved survival for overall and some site-specific cancers, associations that should be examined in other prospective populations that include women and other racial-ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tracy M Layne
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Racheal Z Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Unhee Lim
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Mitchell H Gail
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Holy P, Kloudova A, Soucek P. Importance of genetic background of oxysterol signaling in cancer. Biochimie 2018; 153:109-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Park CY, Kwak SY, Jo G, Shin MJ. Genetic Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Lung Function in Korean Men and Women: Data from KNHANES 2011⁻2012. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101362. [PMID: 30249031 PMCID: PMC6212955 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D metabolic pathway and lung function is unknown. We examined the association between five SNPs on DHCR7, GC, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1 along with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and lung function in older Korean men (n = 758) and women (n = 837). Lung function was determined by forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) from the data in the Korea Nutrition and Health Examination Survey 2011–2012. Genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by the number of 25(OH)D-decreasing alleles of the five SNPs. Our results showed that increases in GRS were associated with reduced 25(OH)D levels (p < 0.05 for both sexes). In the entire population, FVC and FEV1 were associated with both GRS and 25(OH)D levels. In women, FVC and FEV1 were negatively associated with GRS (β-coefficient (95% CI): −0.022 (−0.039, −0.005) and −0.020 (−0.035, −0.005), respectively; both p < 0.05), but not with 25(OH)D. However, in men, FVC and FEV1 were positively associated with 25(OH)D (β-coefficient (95% CI): 0.008 (0.001, 0.016) and 0.008 (0.002, 0.015), respectively; both p < 0.05), but not with GRS. In conclusion, lung function was associated with genetic variation in Korean women and with 25(OH)D in Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Yongjoo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - So-Young Kwak
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Garam Jo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Layne TM, Albanes D. Vitamin D and Cancer Risk and Mortality: State of the Science, Gaps, and Challenges. Epidemiol Rev 2018; 39:28-48. [PMID: 28486651 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been substantial enthusiasm recently regarding the potential role of vitamin D in the primary and secondary prevention of cancer. Laboratory studies demonstrate a range of anticarcinogenic effects for vitamin D compounds, but human studies have yielded little consistent evidence supporting a protective association. Higher circulating levels of vitamin D (i.e., 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25(OH)D) appear to be associated with reduced risk of colorectal and bladder malignancies, but higher risk of prostate and possibly pancreatic cancers, with no clear association for most other organ sites examined. Despite there being no official institutional recommendations regarding the use of vitamin D supplements for cancer prevention, screenings for vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplement use have increased substantially over the past decade. These widespread practices demonstrate that population sociobehavioral changes are often adopted before scientifically well-informed policies and recommendations are available. This review critically examines the currently available epidemiologic literature regarding the associations between circulating 25(OH)D, vitamin D supplementation, and vitamin D-related genetic variation and cancer risk and mortality, with a particular emphasis on prospective studies. We identify several important gaps in our scientific knowledge that should be addressed in order to provide sufficient reproducible data to inform evidence-based recommendations related to optimal 25(OH)D concentrations (and any role for vitamin D supplementation) for the primary and secondary prevention of cancer. With few exceptions, such recommendations cannot be made at this time.
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Budhathoki S, Hidaka A, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Tanaka-Mizuno S, Kuchiba A, Charvat H, Goto A, Kojima S, Sudo N, Shimazu T, Sasazuki S, Inoue M, Tsugane S, Iwasaki M. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and subsequent risk of total and site specific cancers in Japanese population: large case-cohort study within Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study cohort. BMJ 2018; 360:k671. [PMID: 29514781 PMCID: PMC5838719 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between pre-diagnostic circulating vitamin D concentration and the subsequent risk of overall and site specific cancer in a large cohort study. DESIGN Nested case-cohort study within the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study cohort. SETTING Nine public health centre areas across Japan. PARTICIPANTS 3301 incident cases of cancer and 4044 randomly selected subcohort participants. EXPOSURE Plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D measured by enzyme immunoassay. Participants were divided into quarters based on the sex and season specific distribution of 25-hydroxyvitamin D among subcohorts. Weighted Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for overall and site specific cancer across categories of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, with the lowest quarter as the reference. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incidence of overall or site specific cancer. RESULTS Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was inversely associated with the risk of total cancer, with multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for the second to fourth quarters compared with the lowest quarter of 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.70 to 0.94), 0.75 (0.65 to 0.87), and 0.78 (0.67 to 0.91), respectively (P for trend=0.001). Among the findings for cancers at specific sites, an inverse association was found for liver cancer, with corresponding hazard ratios of 0.70 (0.44 to 1.13), 0.65 (0.40 to 1.06), and 0.45 (0.26 to 0.79) (P for trend=0.006). A sensitivity analysis showed that alternately removing cases of cancer at one specific site from total cancer cases did not substantially change the overall hazard ratios. CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective study, higher vitamin D concentration was associated with lower risk of total cancer. These findings support the hypothesis that vitamin D has protective effects against cancers at many sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Budhathoki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akihisa Hidaka
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tanaka-Mizuno
- Department of Medical Statistics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ohtsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Aya Kuchiba
- Division of Biostatistical Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Biostatistics Division, Center for Research Administration and Support, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kojima
- CL New Product Development Department, Fujirebio Inc., Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0031, Japan
| | - Natsuki Sudo
- CL New Product Development Department, Fujirebio Inc., Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0031, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shizuka Sasazuki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Minisola F, Cipriani C, Colangelo L, Cilli M, Sciarra A, Von Heland M, Nieddu L, Anastasi E, Pascone R, Fassino V, Diacinti D, Longo F, Minisola S, Pepe J. Mineral metabolism abnormalities in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic case controlled study. Endocrine 2018; 59:338-343. [PMID: 28660378 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer is the most common tumor in men. To the best of our knowledge a systematic assessment of bone and mineral abnormalities has not been performed in prostatic cancer patients consecutively enrolled. METHODS This study was therefore carried out to investigate changes of skeletal and mineral metabolism in patients with prostate cancer (n = 69). A population of patients with cancer of various origin was also investigated as a control group (n = 53), since a comparison with non-prostate cancer patients has not been previously reported. RESULTS In the prostatic cancer group, one patient had extremely high values of C-terminal Fibroblast Growth Factor 23, low values of tubular reabsorption of phosphate and very high values of bone alkaline phosphatase, suggesting the diagnosis of oncogenic osteomalacia. We found nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in the group of prostate cancer vs. only one in cancer patients group (p < 0.026). We stratified the population on the basis of Gleason score, prostate specific antigen and hormonal therapy. Using a generalized linear model with a logit link to predict the probability of developing primary hyperparathyroidism, only Gleason score, C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 and hormonal therapy had a significant effect (p < 0.05). Controlling for other covariates, a rise in fibroblast growth factor 23 increases the odds of developing primary hyperparathyroidism by 2% (p = 0.017), while patients with higher values of Gleason score have a much greater probability of developing primary hyperparathyroidism (log-odds = 3.6, p < 0.01). The probability decreases with higher values of Gleason score while on hormonal therapy; a further decrease was observed in patients on hormonal treatment and lower values of GS. Finally, lower grade of Gleason score without hormonal therapy have a significant protective factor (p < 0.01) decreasing the odds of developing primary hyperparathyroidism by 8%. CONCLUSION We showed a remarkable prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism in men with prostate cancer; the multivariate analysis demonstrates that higher aggressiveness of prostate cancer, as determined by Gleason score, is a significant predictor of increased risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Minisola
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics & Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Cipriani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Colangelo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirella Cilli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sciarra
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics & Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Magnus Von Heland
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics & Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Nieddu
- Faculty of Economics, UNINT University, Via delle Sette Chiese 139, 00147, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Anastasi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pascone
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Diacinti
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Longo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Jessica Pepe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Gao J, Wei W, Wang G, Zhou H, Fu Y, Liu N. Circulating vitamin D concentration and risk of prostate cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:95-104. [PMID: 29386901 PMCID: PMC5767091 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s149325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Though many studies have been performed to elucidate the association between circulating vitamin D and prostate cancer, no conclusive result is available. We carried out a dose-response meta-analysis to quantitatively examine the association of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration with prostate cancer. Methods Only prospective studies examining the associations of circulating 25[OH]D concentration with prostate cancer were eligible for the meta-analysis. A random-effect meta-analysis was done first, to calculate the summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the higher concentration with the lower concentration of 25[OH]D. A dose-response meta-analysis using random-effects model was then carried out to evaluate the nonlinearity and calculate the summary RR caused per 10 ng/mL increment. Results Nineteen prospective cohort or nested case-control studies were included. Higher 25[OH]D concentration was significantly correlated with elevated risk of prostate cancer (RR =1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.24). No nonlinear relationship was found between 25[OH]D concentration and risk of prostate cancer (P=0.654). Dose-response meta-analysis showed that the summary RR caused per 10 ng/mL increment in circulating 25[OH]D concentration was 1.04 (95% CI 1.02-1.06). Subgroup analysis also found a modest dose-response relationship. Funnel plot and Egger's test did not detect publication bias. Conclusion The findings suggest that highest 25[OH]D concentration is correlated with elevated risk of prostate cancer and a modest dose-response effect exists in this association; however, more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaowen Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Alessa HB, Chomistek AK, Hankinson SE, Barnett JB, Rood J, Matthews CE, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB, Tobias DK. Objective Measures of Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic and Endocrine Biomarkers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 49:1817-1825. [PMID: 28398945 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although physical activity is an established risk factor for chronic disease prevention, the specific mechanisms underlying these relationships are poorly understood. We examined the associations between total activity counts and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured by accelerometer, and physical activity energy expenditure measured by doubly labeled water, with plasma levels of proinsulin, insulin, c-peptide, insulin growth factor binding protein-3, insulin growth factor-1, adiponectin, leptin, and leptin-sR. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 526 healthy US women in the Women's Lifestyle Validation Study, 2010 to 2012. We performed multiple linear regression models adjusting for potential lifestyle and health-related confounders to assess the associations between physical activity, measured in quartiles (Q) and biomarkers. RESULTS Participants in Q4 versus Q1 of total activity counts had lower proinsulin (-20%), c-peptide (-7%), insulin (-31%), and leptin (-46%) levels, and higher adiponectin (55%), leptin-sR (25%), and insulin growth factor-1 (9.6%) levels (all P trend ≤ 0.05). Participants in Q4 versus Q1 of MVPA had lower proinsulin (-26%), c-peptide (-7%), insulin (-32%), and leptin (-40%) levels, and higher adiponectin (31%) and leptin-sR (22%) levels (all P trend ≤ 0.05). Further adjustment for body mass index (BMI) attenuated these associations, but the associations with adipokines remained significant. Those in Q4 versus Q1 of physical activity energy expenditure had lower leptin (-21%) and higher leptin-sR (10%) levels (all P trend ≤ 0.05), after additional adjustment for BMI. In the sensitivity analysis, the associations were similar but attenuated when physical activity was measured using the subjective physical activity questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that greater physical activity is modestly associated with favorable levels of cardiometabolic and endocrine biomarkers, where the strongest associations were found with accelerometer-measured physical activity. These associations may be only partially mediated through BMI, further supporting the role of physical activity in the reduction of cardiometabolic and endocrine disease risk, independent of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala B Alessa
- 1Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; 2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; 3Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; 4Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA; 5Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA; 6Clinical Chemistry Laboratory and Stable Isotope Library, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA; 7Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; 8Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and 9Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Dimitrakopoulou VI, Tsilidis KK, Haycock PC, Dimou NL, Al-Dabhani K, Martin RM, Lewis SJ, Gunter MJ, Mondul A, Shui IM, Theodoratou E, Nimptsch K, Lindström S, Albanes D, Kühn T, Key TJ, Travis RC, Vimaleswaran KS, Kraft P, Pierce BL, Schildkraut JM. Circulating vitamin D concentration and risk of seven cancers: Mendelian randomisation study. BMJ 2017; 359:j4761. [PMID: 29089348 PMCID: PMC5666592 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine if circulating concentrations of vitamin D are causally associated with risk of cancer.Design Mendelian randomisation study.Setting Large genetic epidemiology networks (the Genetic Associations and Mechanisms in Oncology (GAME-ON), the Genetic and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO), and the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortiums, and the MR-Base platform).Participants 70 563 cases of cancer (22 898 prostate cancer, 15 748 breast cancer, 12 537 lung cancer, 11 488 colorectal cancer, 4369 ovarian cancer, 1896 pancreatic cancer, and 1627 neuroblastoma) and 84 418 controls.Exposures Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2282679, rs10741657, rs12785878 and rs6013897) associated with vitamin D were used to define a multi-polymorphism score for circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations.Main outcomes measures The primary outcomes were the risk of incident colorectal, breast, prostate, ovarian, lung, and pancreatic cancer and neuroblastoma, which was evaluated with an inverse variance weighted average of the associations with specific polymorphisms and a likelihood based approach. Secondary outcomes based on cancer subtypes by sex, anatomic location, stage, and histology were also examined.Results There was little evidence that the multi-polymorphism score of 25(OH)D was associated with risk of any of the seven cancers or their subtypes. Specifically, the odds ratios per 25 nmol/L increase in genetically determined 25(OH)D concentrations were 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.76 to 1.10) for colorectal cancer, 1.05 (0.89 to 1.24) for breast cancer, 0.89 (0.77 to 1.02) for prostate cancer, and 1.03 (0.87 to 1.23) for lung cancer. The results were consistent with the two different analytical approaches, and the study was powered to detect relative effect sizes of moderate magnitude (for example, 1.20-1.50 per 25 nmol/L decrease in 25(OH)D for most primary cancer outcomes. The Mendelian randomisation assumptions did not seem to be violated.Conclusions There is little evidence for a linear causal association between circulating vitamin D concentration and risk of various types of cancer, though the existence of causal clinically relevant effects of low magnitude cannot be ruled out. These results, in combination with previous literature, provide evidence that population-wide screening for vitamin D deficiency and subsequent widespread vitamin D supplementation should not currently be recommended as a strategy for primary cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki I Dimitrakopoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philip C Haycock
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Niki L Dimou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kawthar Al-Dabhani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutritional Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Alison Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Irene M Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre of Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburg, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon L Pierce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Morgese F, Soldato D, Pagliaretta S, Giampieri R, Brancorsini D, Torniai M, Rinaldi S, Savini A, Onofri A, Scarpelli M, Berardi R. Impact of phosphoinositide-3-kinase and vitamin D3 nuclear receptor single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the outcome of malignant melanoma patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75914-75923. [PMID: 29100280 PMCID: PMC5652674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies associating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) frequencies with tumors outcome have been conducted, nevertheless malignant melanoma literature data are inconclusive. Therefore we evaluate the impact of different genotypes for phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and vitamin D3 nuclear receptor (VDR) SNPs on melanoma patients’ outcome. Materials and methods Genomic DNA of 88 patients was extracted from blood and tumor samples. SNPs were determined by PCR using TaqMan assays. We selected polymorphisms of the regulatory and catalytic subunit of PI3K (PIK3R1 and PIK3CA genes, respectively), analyzing rs2699887C>T of PIK3CA and rs3730089G>A of PIK3R1 SNPs. Furthermore we considered the following VDR SNPs: rs2228570A>G (Fok1), rs731236A>G (Taq1) and rs1544410C>T (Bsm1). Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and with Mantel-Haenszel log-rank test. Results The statistical analysis for Fok1 of VDR showed a significant difference in PFS after the first line therapy (median PFS= 21.2 months in the homozygous recessive genotype group vs. 3.3 months of homozygous dominant and heterozygous ones, p= 0.03). In particular, in homozygous recessive patients for Fok1 SNPs of VDR a high rate of histological regression and BRAF (B- Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma gene) mutation were observed. Furthermore, more efficacy of BRAF +/- MEK (MAPK-ERK-Kinase) inhibitors therapies in homozygous recessive patients vs. homozygous dominant and heterozygous ones was shown. Conclusions Our study showed a significant correlation between homozygous recessive genotype of Fok1 SNPs of VDR gene and an increased PFS in patients who underwent a first line therapy with BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Morgese
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Soldato
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Pagliaretta
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giampieri
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Donatella Brancorsini
- Section of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, Deparment of Neuroscience, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Mariangela Torniai
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Rinaldi
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Agnese Savini
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Azzurra Onofri
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, Deparment of Neuroscience, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti "Umberto I°-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi", Ancona, Italy
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