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Bhunjun C, Chen Y, Phukhamsakda C, Boekhout T, Groenewald J, McKenzie E, Francisco E, Frisvad J, Groenewald M, Hurdeal VG, Luangsa-ard J, Perrone G, Visagie C, Bai F, Błaszkowski J, Braun U, de Souza F, de Queiroz M, Dutta A, Gonkhom D, Goto B, Guarnaccia V, Hagen F, Houbraken J, Lachance M, Li J, Luo K, Magurno F, Mongkolsamrit S, Robert V, Roy N, Tibpromma S, Wanasinghe D, Wang D, Wei D, Zhao C, Aiphuk W, Ajayi-Oyetunde O, Arantes T, Araujo J, Begerow D, Bakhshi M, Barbosa R, Behrens F, Bensch K, Bezerra J, Bilański P, Bradley C, Bubner B, Burgess T, Buyck B, Čadež N, Cai L, Calaça F, Campbell L, Chaverri P, Chen Y, Chethana K, Coetzee B, Costa M, Chen Q, Custódio F, Dai Y, Damm U, Santiago A, De Miccolis Angelini R, Dijksterhuis J, Dissanayake A, Doilom M, Dong W, Álvarez-Duarte E, Fischer M, Gajanayake A, Gené J, Gomdola D, Gomes A, Hausner G, He M, Hou L, Iturrieta-González I, Jami F, Jankowiak R, Jayawardena R, Kandemir H, Kiss L, Kobmoo N, Kowalski T, Landi L, Lin C, Liu J, Liu X, Loizides M, Luangharn T, Maharachchikumbura S, Mkhwanazi GM, Manawasinghe I, Marin-Felix Y, McTaggart A, Moreau P, Morozova O, Mostert L, Osiewacz H, Pem D, Phookamsak R, Pollastro S, Pordel A, Poyntner C, Phillips A, Phonemany M, Promputtha I, Rathnayaka A, Rodrigues A, Romanazzi G, Rothmann L, Salgado-Salazar C, Sandoval-Denis M, Saupe S, Scholler M, Scott P, Shivas R, Silar P, Silva-Filho A, Souza-Motta C, Spies C, Stchigel A, Sterflinger K, Summerbell R, Svetasheva T, Takamatsu S, Theelen B, Theodoro R, Thines M, Thongklang N, Torres R, Turchetti B, van den Brule T, Wang X, Wartchow F, Welti S, Wijesinghe S, Wu F, Xu R, Yang Z, Yilmaz N, Yurkov A, Zhao L, Zhao R, Zhou N, Hyde K, Crous P. What are the 100 most cited fungal genera? Stud Mycol 2024; 108:1-411. [PMID: 39100921 PMCID: PMC11293126 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2024.108.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The global diversity of fungi has been estimated between 2 to 11 million species, of which only about 155 000 have been named. Most fungi are invisible to the unaided eye, but they represent a major component of biodiversity on our planet, and play essential ecological roles, supporting life as we know it. Although approximately 20 000 fungal genera are presently recognised, the ecology of most remains undetermined. Despite all this diversity, the mycological community actively researches some fungal genera more commonly than others. This poses an interesting question: why have some fungal genera impacted mycology and related fields more than others? To address this issue, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to identify the top 100 most cited fungal genera. A thorough database search of the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed was performed to establish which genera are most cited. The most cited 10 genera are Saccharomyces, Candida, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Botrytis, Pichia, Cryptococcus and Alternaria. Case studies are presented for the 100 most cited genera with general background, notes on their ecology and economic significance and important research advances. This paper provides a historic overview of scientific research of these genera and the prospect for further research. Citation: Bhunjun CS, Chen YJ, Phukhamsakda C, Boekhout T, Groenewald JZ, McKenzie EHC, Francisco EC, Frisvad JC, Groenewald M, Hurdeal VG, Luangsa-ard J, Perrone G, Visagie CM, Bai FY, Błaszkowski J, Braun U, de Souza FA, de Queiroz MB, Dutta AK, Gonkhom D, Goto BT, Guarnaccia V, Hagen F, Houbraken J, Lachance MA, Li JJ, Luo KY, Magurno F, Mongkolsamrit S, Robert V, Roy N, Tibpromma S, Wanasinghe DN, Wang DQ, Wei DP, Zhao CL, Aiphuk W, Ajayi-Oyetunde O, Arantes TD, Araujo JC, Begerow D, Bakhshi M, Barbosa RN, Behrens FH, Bensch K, Bezerra JDP, Bilański P, Bradley CA, Bubner B, Burgess TI, Buyck B, Čadež N, Cai L, Calaça FJS, Campbell LJ, Chaverri P, Chen YY, Chethana KWT, Coetzee B, Costa MM, Chen Q, Custódio FA, Dai YC, Damm U, de Azevedo Santiago ALCM, De Miccolis Angelini RM, Dijksterhuis J, Dissanayake AJ, Doilom M, Dong W, Alvarez-Duarte E, Fischer M, Gajanayake AJ, Gené J, Gomdola D, Gomes AAM, Hausner G, He MQ, Hou L, Iturrieta-González I, Jami F, Jankowiak R, Jayawardena RS, Kandemir H, Kiss L, Kobmoo N, Kowalski T, Landi L, Lin CG, Liu JK, Liu XB, Loizides M, Luangharn T, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Makhathini Mkhwanazi GJ, Manawasinghe IS, Marin-Felix Y, McTaggart AR, Moreau PA, Morozova OV, Mostert L, Osiewacz HD, Pem D, Phookamsak R, Pollastro S, Pordel A, Poyntner C, Phillips AJL, Phonemany M, Promputtha I, Rathnayaka AR, Rodrigues AM, Romanazzi G, Rothmann L, Salgado-Salazar C, Sandoval-Denis M, Saupe SJ, Scholler M, Scott P, Shivas RG, Silar P, Souza-Motta CM, Silva-Filho AGS, Spies CFJ, Stchigel AM, Sterflinger K, Summerbell RC, Svetasheva TY, Takamatsu S, Theelen B, Theodoro RC, Thines M, Thongklang N, Torres R, Turchetti B, van den Brule T, Wang XW, Wartchow F, Welti S, Wijesinghe SN, Wu F, Xu R, Yang ZL, Yilmaz N, Yurkov A, Zhao L, Zhao RL, Zhou N, Hyde KD, Crous PW (2024). What are the 100 most cited fungal genera? Studies in Mycology 108: 1-411. doi: 10.3114/sim.2024.108.01.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.S. Bhunjun
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Y.J. Chen
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - C. Phukhamsakda
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - T. Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- The Yeasts Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - E.H.C. McKenzie
- Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E.C. Francisco
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - V. G. Hurdeal
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - J. Luangsa-ard
- BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - G. Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR-ISPA), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C.M. Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - F.Y. Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J. Błaszkowski
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, Department of Shaping of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Słowackiego 17, PL-71434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - U. Braun
- Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - F.A. de Souza
- Núcleo de Biologia Aplicada, Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rodovia MG 424 km 45, 35701–970, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
| | - M.B. de Queiroz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Natal-RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - A.K. Dutta
- Molecular & Applied Mycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati - 781014, Assam, India
| | - D. Gonkhom
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - B.T. Goto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Natal-RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - V. Guarnaccia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - F. Hagen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - M.A. Lachance
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - J.J. Li
- College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P.R. China
| | - K.Y. Luo
- College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P.R. China
| | - F. Magurno
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - S. Mongkolsamrit
- BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - V. Robert
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - N. Roy
- Molecular & Applied Mycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati - 781014, Assam, India
| | - S. Tibpromma
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P.R. China
| | - D.N. Wanasinghe
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Honghe 654400, Yunnan, China
| | - D.Q. Wang
- College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P.R. China
| | - D.P. Wei
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, P.R. China
| | - C.L. Zhao
- College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P.R. China
| | - W. Aiphuk
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - O. Ajayi-Oyetunde
- Syngenta Crop Protection, 410 S Swing Rd, Greensboro, NC. 27409, USA
| | - T.D. Arantes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74605-050, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - J.C. Araujo
- Mykocosmos - Mycology and Science Communication, Rua JP 11 Qd. 18 Lote 13, Jd. Primavera 1ª etapa, Post Code 75.090-260, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
- Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Goiás (SEDUC/ GO), Quinta Avenida, Quadra 71, número 212, Setor Leste Vila Nova, Goiânia, Goiás, 74643-030, Brazil
| | - D. Begerow
- Organismic Botany and Mycology, Institute of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Ohnhorststraße 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Bakhshi
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - R.N. Barbosa
- Micoteca URM-Department of Mycology Prof. Chaves Batista, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Center for Biosciences, University City, Recife, Pernambuco, Zip Code: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - F.H. Behrens
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, D-76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - K. Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - J.D.P. Bezerra
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74605-050, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - P. Bilański
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - C.A. Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY 42445, USA
| | - B. Bubner
- Johan Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei, Institut für Forstgenetik, Eberswalder Chaussee 3a, 15377 Waldsieversdorf, Germany
| | - T.I. Burgess
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
| | - B. Buyck
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - N. Čadež
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Food Science and Technology Department Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - L. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - F.J.S. Calaça
- Mykocosmos - Mycology and Science Communication, Rua JP 11 Qd. 18 Lote 13, Jd. Primavera 1ª etapa, Post Code 75.090-260, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
- Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Goiás (SEDUC/ GO), Quinta Avenida, Quadra 71, número 212, Setor Leste Vila Nova, Goiânia, Goiás, 74643-030, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ensino de Ciências (LabPEC), Centro de Pesquisas e Educação Científica, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Central (CEPEC/UEG), Anápolis, GO, 75132-903, Brazil
| | - L.J. Campbell
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - P. Chaverri
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA) and Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, Bowie, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Y.Y. Chen
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - K.W.T. Chethana
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - B. Coetzee
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- School for Data Sciences and Computational Thinking, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M.M. Costa
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - F.A. Custódio
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil
| | - Y.C. Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - U. Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - A.L.C.M.A. Santiago
- Post-graduate course in the Biology of Fungi, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - J. Dijksterhuis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - A.J. Dissanayake
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - M. Doilom
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - W. Dong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - E. Álvarez-Duarte
- Mycology Unit, Microbiology and Mycology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Chile, Chile
| | - M. Fischer
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, D-76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - A.J. Gajanayake
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - J. Gené
- Unitat de Micologia i Microbiologia Ambiental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut & IURESCAT, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia Spain
| | - D. Gomdola
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - A.A.M. Gomes
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - G. Hausner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5N6
| | - M.Q. He
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - L. Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - I. Iturrieta-González
- Unitat de Micologia i Microbiologia Ambiental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut & IURESCAT, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia Spain
- Department of Preclinic Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Laboratory of Infectology and Clinical Immunology, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
| | - F. Jami
- Plant Health and Protection, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R. Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - R.S. Jayawardena
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - H. Kandemir
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - L. Kiss
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, QLD 4350 Toowoomba, Australia
- Centre for Research and Development, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
| | - N. Kobmoo
- BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - T. Kowalski
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - L. Landi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - C.G. Lin
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - J.K. Liu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - X.B. Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, P.R. China
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | | | - T. Luangharn
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - S.S.N. Maharachchikumbura
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - G.J. Makhathini Mkhwanazi
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - I.S. Manawasinghe
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Y. Marin-Felix
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A.R. McTaggart
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - P.A. Moreau
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - O.V. Morozova
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Prof. Popov Str., 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, 125, Lenin av., 300026 Tula, Russia
| | - L. Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - H.D. Osiewacz
- Faculty for Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - D. Pem
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - R. Phookamsak
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Honghe 654400, Yunnan, China
| | - S. Pollastro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - A. Pordel
- Plant Protection Research Department, Baluchestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - C. Poyntner
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A.J.L. Phillips
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Phonemany
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - I. Promputtha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - A.R. Rathnayaka
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - A.M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 04023062, Brazil
| | - G. Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - L. Rothmann
- Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - C. Salgado-Salazar
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville MD, 20705, USA
| | - M. Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - S.J. Saupe
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaire, UMR 5095 CNRS Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - M. Scholler
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstraße 13, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Scott
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
- Sustainability and Biosecurity, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth WA 6000, Australia
| | - R.G. Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, QLD 4350 Toowoomba, Australia
| | - P. Silar
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université de Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex, France
| | - A.G.S. Silva-Filho
- IFungiLab, Departamento de Ciências e Matemática (DCM), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), São Paulo, BraziI
| | - C.M. Souza-Motta
- Micoteca URM-Department of Mycology Prof. Chaves Batista, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Center for Biosciences, University City, Recife, Pernambuco, Zip Code: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - C.F.J. Spies
- Agricultural Research Council - Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - A.M. Stchigel
- Unitat de Micologia i Microbiologia Ambiental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut & IURESCAT, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia Spain
| | - K. Sterflinger
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology in the Arts (INTK), Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, Augasse 2–6, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - R.C. Summerbell
- Sporometrics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T.Y. Svetasheva
- Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, 125, Lenin av., 300026 Tula, Russia
| | - S. Takamatsu
- Mie University, Graduate School, Department of Bioresources, 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - B. Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - R.C. Theodoro
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Instituto de Medicina Tropical do RN, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - M. Thines
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - N. Thongklang
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - R. Torres
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Agrobiotech de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B. Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences and DBVPG Industrial Yeasts Collection, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - T. van den Brule
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- TIFN, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - X.W. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - F. Wartchow
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - S. Welti
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S.N. Wijesinghe
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - F. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - R. Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Internationally Cooperative Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushroom, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Z.L. Yang
- Syngenta Crop Protection, 410 S Swing Rd, Greensboro, NC. 27409, USA
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - N. Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A. Yurkov
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Brunswick, Germany
| | - L. Zhao
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - R.L. Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - N. Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana University of Science and Technology, Private Bag, 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - K.D. Hyde
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht
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2
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Xu X, Su Y, Yang J, Li J, Gao Y, Li C, Wang X, Gou L, Zheng Z, Xie C, Ma J, Ma J. A novel QTL conferring Fusarium crown rot resistance on chromosome 2A in a wheat EMS mutant. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:49. [PMID: 38349579 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A novel QTL on chromosome 2A for Fusarium crown rot resistance was identified and validated in wheat. Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a fungal disease that causes significant yield losses in many cereal growing regions in the world. In this study, genetic analysis was conducted for a wheat EMS mutant C549 which showed stable resistance to FCR at seedling stage. A total of 10 QTL were detected on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 3B, 4A, 6B, and 7B using a population of 138 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between C549 and a Chinese germplasm 3642. A novel locus Qfcr.cau-2A, which accounted for up to 24.42% of the phenotypic variation with a LOD value of 12.78, was consistently detected across all six trials conducted. Furthermore, possible effects of heading date (HD) and plant height on FCR severity were also investigated in the mapping population. While plant height had no effects on FCR resistance, a weak and negative association between FCR resistance and HD was observed. A QTL for HD (Qhd.cau-2A.2) was coincident with Qfcr.cau-2A. Conditional QTL mapping indicated that although Qfcr.cau-2A and Qhd.cau-2A.2 had significant interactions, Qfcr.cau-2A remained significant after the effects of HD was removed. It is unlikely that genes underlying these two loci are same. Nevertheless, the stable expression of Qfcr.cau-2A in the validation population of 148 F7 RILs developed between C549 and its wild parent Chuannong 16 demonstrated the potential value of this locus in FCR resistance breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuqing Su
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiatian Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yutian Gao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xingyi Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Lulu Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Chaojie Xie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Gao Z, Geng X, Xiang L, Shao C, Geng Q, Wu J, Yang Q, Liu S, Chen X. TaVQ22 Interacts with TaWRKY19-2B to Negatively Regulate Wheat Resistance to Sheath Blight. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:454-463. [PMID: 38394356 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-23-0058-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Wheat sheath blight caused by the necrotic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis is responsible for severe damage to bread wheat. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are vital for stress resistance by plants and their homeostasis plays an important role in wheat resistance to sheath blight. Valine-glutamine (VQ) proteins play important roles in plant growth and development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functional mechanism mediated by wheat VQ protein in response to sheath blight via ROS homeostasis regulation is unclear. In this study, we identified TaVQ22 protein containing the VQ motif and clarified the functional mechanisms involved in the defense of wheat against R. cerealis. TaVQ22 silencing reduced the accumulation of ROS and enhanced the resistance of wheat to R. cerealis. In addition, we showed that TaVQ22 regulated ROS generation by interacting with the WRKY transcription factor TaWRKY19-2B, thereby indicating that TaVQ22 and TaWRKY19-2B formed complexes in the plant cell nucleus. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that the VQ motif in TaVQ22 is crucial for the interaction, where it inhibits the transcriptional activation function of TaWRKY19-2B. In summary, TaVQ22 interacts with TaWRKY19-2B to regulate ROS homeostasis and negatively regulate the defense response to R. cerealis infection. This study provides novel insights into the mechanism that allows VQ protein to mediate the immune response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingxia Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, 77 West Beijing Road, Nanjing 210013, China
| | - Linrun Xiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunyu Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Geng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qunhui Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinhong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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4
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Gao Z, Sun M, Shao C, Chen Y, Xiang L, Wu J, Wang J, Chen X. Genome-wide analysis and characterization of the TaTLP gene family in wheat and functional characterization of the TaTLP44 in response to Rhizoctonia cerealis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108323. [PMID: 38183904 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Wheat sharp eyespot is a soil-borne disease caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis, which occurs in many countries worldwide and significantly reduces the yield. Thaumatin-like protein (TLP), also known as PR5, is a member of the pathogen response protein family and plays an essential role in plant resistance to pathogen infection. In this study, 131 TaTLP genes were identified from the wheat genome, of which 38 TaTLPs were newly discovered. The TaTLP gene family contains many tandem duplications and fragment duplications, which is a major pathway for gene amplification. Besides, we also analyzed the physicochemical properties, gene structure and promoter cis-acting regulatory elements of all the TaTLP genes. In addition, the expression patterns of nine TaTLPs in response to R. cerealis were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Six TaTLP proteins expressed in vitro had no significant inhibitory effect on R. cerealis, suggesting that these TaTLP proteins may function in other ways. Finally, we performed gene silencing of TaTLP44 in wheat, which increased the expression of some defense-associated genes and improved resistance to R. cerealis. In summary, we systematically analyzed TaTLP family members and demonstrated that TaTLP44 negatively regulates the resistance to R. cerealis by controlling expression of defense-associated genes. These results provide new insights into the functional mechanism of TaTLP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Miao Sun
- College of Agronomy, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Chunyu Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Linrun Xiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xinhong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Bhagat N, Mansotra R, Patel K, Ambardar S, Vakhlu J. Molecular warfare between pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum R1 and host Crocus sativus L. unraveled by dual transcriptomics. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:42. [PMID: 38246927 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant-pathogen interaction pathways in saffron and cell wall degrading enzymes in Fusarium oxysporum R1 are key players involved in the interaction. Fusarium oxysporum causes corm rot in saffron (Crocus sativus L.), which is one of the most devastating fungal diseases impacting saffron yield globally. Though the corm rot agent and its symptoms are known widely, little is known about the defense mechanism of saffron in response to Fusarium oxysporum infection at molecular level. Therefore, the current study reports saffron-Fusarium oxysporum R1 (Fox R1) interaction at the molecular level using dual a transcriptomics approach. The results indicated the activation of various defense related pathways such as the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK), plant-hormone signaling pathways, plant-pathogen interaction pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and PR protein synthesis in the host during the interaction. The activation of pathways is involved in the hypersensitive response, production of various secondary metabolites, strengthening of the host cell wall, systemic acquired resistance etc. Concurrently, in the pathogen, 60 genes reported to be linked to pathogenicity and virulence has been identified during the invasion. The expression of genes encoding plant cell wall degrading enzymes, various transcription factors and effector proteins indicated the strong pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum R1. Based on the results obtained, the putative molecular mechanism of the saffron-Fox R1 interaction was identified. As saffron is a male sterile plant, and can only be improved by genetic manipulation, this work will serve as a foundation for identifying genes that can be used to create saffron varieties, resistant to Fusarium oxysporum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Bhagat
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
| | - Ritika Mansotra
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
| | - Karan Patel
- DNA Xperts Private Limited, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Sheetal Ambardar
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
| | - Jyoti Vakhlu
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India.
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6
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Yi K, Yan W, Li X, Yang S, Li J, Yin Y, Yuan F, Wang H, Kang Z, Han D, Zeng Q. Identification of Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs in Rhizoctonia cerealis following Inoculation of Wheat. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0344922. [PMID: 37036374 PMCID: PMC10269763 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03449-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis is primarily a severe threat to worldwide wheat production. Currently, there are no resistant wheat cultivars, and the use of fungicides is the primary method for controlling this disease. Elucidating the mechanisms of R. cerealis pathogenicity can accelerate the pace of the control of this disease. Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) that function in plant-pathogen interactions might provide a new perspective. We systematically analyzed lincRNAs and identified a total of 1,319 lincRNAs in R. cerealis. We found that lincRNAs are involved in various biological processes, as shown by differential expression analysis and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Next, one of nine hub lincRNAs in the blue module that was related to infection and growth processes, MSTRG.4380.1, was verified to reduce R. cerealis virulence on wheat by a host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) assay. Following that, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis revealed that the significantly downregulated genes in the MSTRG.4380.1 knockdown lines were associated mainly with infection-related processes, including hydrolase, transmembrane transporter, and energy metabolism activities. Additionally, 23 novel microRNAs (miRNAs) were discovered during small RNA (sRNA) sequencing (sRNA-Seq) analysis of MSTRG.4380.1 knockdown, and target prediction of miRNAs suggested that MSTRG.4380.1 does not act as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA). This study performed the first genome-wide identification of R. cerealis lincRNAs and miRNAs. It confirmed the involvement of a lincRNA in the infection process, providing new insights into the mechanism of R. cerealis infection and offering a new approach for protecting wheat from R. cerealis. IMPORTANCE Rhizoctonia cerealis, the primary causal agent of wheat sharp eyespot, has caused significant losses in worldwide wheat production. Since no resistant wheat cultivars exist, chemical control is the primary method. However, this approach is environmentally unfriendly and costly. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated pathogenicity gene silencing has been proven to reduce the growth of Rhizoctonia and provides a new perspective for disease control. Recent studies have shown that lincRNAs are involved in various biological processes across species, such as biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, verifying the function of lincRNAs in R. cerealis is beneficial for understanding the infection mechanism. In this study, we reveal that lincRNAs could contribute to the virulence of R. cerealis, which provides new insights into controlling this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingdong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Li LL, Li Z, Lou Y, Meiners SJ, Kong CH. (-)-Loliolide is a general signal of plant stress that activates jasmonate-related responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2099-2112. [PMID: 36444519 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The production of defensive metabolites in plants can be induced by signaling chemicals released by neighboring plants. Induction is mainly known from volatile aboveground signals, with belowground signals and their underlying mechanisms largely unknown. We demonstrate that (-)-loliolide triggers defensive metabolite responses to competitors, herbivores, and pathogens in seven plant species. We further explore the transcriptional responses of defensive pathways to verify the signaling role of (-)-loliolide in wheat and rice models with well-known defensive metabolites and gene systems. In response to biotic and abiotic stressors, (-)-loliolide is produced and secreted by roots. This, in turn, induces the production of defensive compounds including phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, benzoxazinoids, and cyanogenic glycosides, regardless of plant species. (-)-Loliolide also triggers the expression of defense-related genes, accompanied by an increase in the concentration of jasmonic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). Transcriptome profiling and inhibitor incubation indicate that (-)-loliolide-induced defense responses are regulated through pathways mediated by jasmonic acid, H2 O2 , and Ca 2+ . These findings argue that (-)-loliolide functions as a common belowground signal mediating chemical defense in plants. Such perception-dependent plant chemical defenses will yield critical insights into belowground signaling interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yonggen Lou
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Scott J Meiners
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, 61920, USA
| | - Chui-Hua Kong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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8
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A Novel Wall-Associated Kinase TaWAK-5D600 Positively Participates in Defense against Sharp Eyespot and Fusarium Crown Rot in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055060. [PMID: 36902488 PMCID: PMC10003040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sharp eyespot and Fusarium crown rot, mainly caused by soil-borne fungi Rhizoctonia cerealis and Fusarium pseudograminearum, are destructive diseases of major cereal crops including wheat (Triticum aestivum). However, the mechanisms underlying wheat-resistant responses to the two pathogens are largely elusive. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of wall-associated kinase (WAK) family in wheat. As a result, a total of 140 TaWAK (not TaWAKL) candidate genes were identified from the wheat genome, each of which contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a galacturonan binding domain, an EGF-like domain, a calcium binding EGF domain (EGF-Ca), a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular Serine/Threonine protein kinase domain. By analyzing the RNA-sequencing data of wheat inoculated with R. cerealis and F. pseudograminearum, we found that transcript abundance of TaWAK-5D600 (TraesCS5D02G268600) on chromosome 5D was significantly upregulated, and that its upregulated transcript levels in response to both pathogens were higher compared with other TaWAK genes. Importantly, knock-down of TaWAK-5D600 transcript impaired wheat resistance against the fungal pathogens R. cerealis and F. pseudograminearum, and significantly repressed expression of defense-related genes in wheat, TaSERK1, TaMPK3, TaPR1, TaChitinase3, and TaChitinase4. Thus, this study proposes TaWAK-5D600 as a promising gene for improving wheat broad resistance to sharp eyespot and Fusarium crown rot (FCR) in wheat.
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Zhao Y, Yang D, Liu Y, Han F, Li Z. A highly efficient genetic transformation system for broccoli and subcellular localization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1091588. [PMID: 36937998 PMCID: PMC10018207 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1091588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation has been widely used for the identification of functional genes and regulatory and developmental mechanisms in plants. However, there are still some problems of low genetic transformation efficiency and high genotype dependence in cruciferous crops. METHODS In this study, broccoli, a worldwide Brassica crop, was used to investigate the effects of genotype, explant type, concentration of hygromycin B used during seedling selection, overexpression vector type, RNAi and CRISPR/cas9 on the genetic transformation efficiency. At the same time, two vectors, PHG-031350 and PHG-CRa, were used for subcellular localization of the glucoraphanin synthesis-related gene FMOGS-OX5 and clubroot resistance gene by a PEG-Ca2+-mediated transient transformation system for broccoli protoplasts. Finally, the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system of broccoli was optimized and improved. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This study showed that hypocotyl explants are more suitable for Agrobacterium-mediated transgene and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing of broccoli. In contrast to previous studies, we found that 5 mg/L hygromycin B was more advantageous for the selection of resistant broccoli sprouts, and genotype 19B42 reached the highest transformation rate of 26.96%, which is higher than that in Brassica oleracea crops. In addition, the inbred line 19B42 successfully achieved high genetic transformation of overexpression, RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 vectors; thus, it is powerful recipient material for the genetic transformation of broccoli. Subcellular localization proved that the glucoraphanin metabolism-related gene Bol031350 and clubroot resistance gene CRa were both expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus, which provided a scientific basis for studying the regulation of glucosinolate metabolism and clubroot resistance in cruciferous crops. Therefore, these findings will provide new insight into the improvement of the genetic transformation and molecular breeding of Brassica oleracea crops.
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Liu J, Cobertera DC, Zemetra RS, Mundt CC. Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Wheat Sharp Eyespot in the Einstein × Tubbs Recombinant Inbred Line Population. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:820-825. [PMID: 35961017 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1044-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat sharp eyespot (SES), caused by the soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis Van der Hoeven (teleomorph: Ceratobasidium cereale), is a common stem disease of wheat globally. The disease caused a severe and extensive epidemic throughout the Willamette Valley of Oregon in 2014 and has remained one of the most important wheat diseases in this region. However, little was known about the genetics of host resistance to this disease. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population with 257 lines developed from a cross of Einstein × Tubbs was used to study SES resistance of wheat. The phenotyping was conducted at two locations and in 3 years. Genotyping by sequencing was done by using Illumina HiSeq 3000. Low broad-sense heritability across four environments was obtained. The results of analysis of variance demonstrated that disease severity was significantly different among RILs for the data combined over environments and for one of the individual environments. Four SES resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected, including QSES-1A, QSES-2B, QSES-6A, and QSES-7A, and explained 5.9, 5.9, 8.8, and 8.3%, respectively, of the phenotypic variance. All four QTL overlapped or are in close proximity with one or more plant defense genes, and could lay the foundation for marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902
| | - David C Cobertera
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2821
| | - Robert S Zemetra
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2821
| | - Christopher C Mundt
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902
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Qi H, Yu J, Yuan X, Shen W, Zhang Z. The somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase TaSERK1 participates in the immune response to Rhizoctonia cerealis infection by interacting and phosphorylating the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase TaRLCK1B in wheat. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:604-614. [PMID: 36581032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The sharp eyespot, caused by necrotrophic pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis, often causes serious yield loss in wheat (Triticum aestivum). However, the mechanisms underlying wheat resistant responses to the pathogen are still limited. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase (SERK) family in wheat. As a result, a total of 26 TaSERK candidate genes were identified from the wheat genome. Only 6 TaSERK genes on the chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, and 3D showed obvious heightening expression patterns in resistant wheat infected with R. cerealis compared than those un-infected wheat. Of them, the transcripts of 3 TaSERK1 homoeologs on the chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 2D were significantly up-regulated in the highest level compared to other TaSERKs. Importantly, silencing of TaSERK1 significantly impaired wheat resistance to sharp eyespot. Further bio-molecular assays showed that TaSERK1 could interact with the defence-associated receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase TaRLCK1B, and phosphorylated TaRLCK1B. Together, the results suggest that TaSERK1 mediated resistance responses to R. cerealis infection by interacting and phosphorylating TaRLCK1B in wheat. This study sheds light on the understanding of the wheat SERKs in the innate immunity against R. cerealis, and provided a theoretical fulcrum to identify candidate resistant genes for improving wheat resistance against sharp eyespot in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Qi
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic China/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinfeng Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xili Yuan
- Bureau of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Science and Technology of Ulat Middle Banner, Inner Mongolia 015300, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic China/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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12
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Hasnain A, Naqvi SAH, Ayesha SI, Khalid F, Ellahi M, Iqbal S, Hassan MZ, Abbas A, Adamski R, Markowska D, Baazeem A, Mustafa G, Moustafa M, Hasan ME, Abdelhamid MMA. Plants in vitro propagation with its applications in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries; current scenario and future approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1009395. [PMID: 36311115 PMCID: PMC9606719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue culture technique employed for the identification and isolation of bioactive phytocompounds has numerous industrial applications. It provides potential benefits for different industries which include food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. Various agronomic crops i.e., cereals, fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants and forest trees are currently being used for in vitro propagation. Plant tissue culture coupled with biotechnological approaches leads towards sustainable agricultural development providing solutions to major food security issues. Plants are the rich source of phytochemicals with medicinal properties rendering them useful for the industrial production of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Furthermore, there are numerous plant compounds with application in the cosmetics industry. In addition to having moisturizing, anti-ageing, anti-wrinkle effects; plant-derived compounds also possess pharmacological properties such as antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergy characteristics. The in vitro propagation of industrially significant flora is gaining attention because of its several advantages over conventional plant propagation methods. One of the major advantages of this technique is the quick availability of food throughout the year, irrespective of the growing season, thus opening new opportunities to the producers and farmers. The sterile or endangered flora can also be conserved by plant micro propagation methods. Hence, plant tissue culture is an extremely efficient and cost-effective technique for biosynthetic studies and bio-production, biotransformation, or bioconversion of plant-derived compounds. However, there are certain limitations of in-vitro plant regeneration system including difficulties with continuous operation, product removal, and aseptic conditions. For sustainable industrial applications of in-vitro regenerated plants on a large scale, these constraints need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammarah Hasnain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAST), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Iqra Ayesha
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Khalid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Manahil Ellahi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shehzad Iqbal
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Hassan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAST), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aqleem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert Adamski
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Markowska
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Alaa Baazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Agriculture (Extension and Adoptive Research), Agriculture Extension Department of Government of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Hasan
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. A. Abdelhamid
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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13
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Reboledo G, Agorio A, Vignale L, Alvarez A, Ponce De León I. The moss-specific transcription factor PpERF24 positively modulates immunity against fungal pathogens in Physcomitrium patens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:908682. [PMID: 36186018 PMCID: PMC9520294 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.908682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
APETALA2/ethylene response factors (AP2/ERFs) transcription factors (TFs) have greatly expanded in land plants compared to algae. In angiosperms, AP2/ERFs play important regulatory functions in plant defenses against pathogens and abiotic stress by controlling the expression of target genes. In the moss Physcomitrium patens, a high number of members of the ERF family are induced during pathogen infection, suggesting that they are important regulators in bryophyte immunity. In the current study, we analyzed a P. patens pathogen-inducible ERF family member designated as PpERF24. Orthologs of PpERF24 were only found in other mosses, while they were absent in the bryophytes Marchantia polymorpha and Anthoceros agrestis, the vascular plant Selaginella moellendorffii, and angiosperms. We show that PpERF24 belongs to a moss-specific clade with distinctive amino acids features in the AP2 domain that binds to the DNA. Interestingly, all P. patens members of the PpERF24 subclade are induced by fungal pathogens. The function of PpERF24 during plant immunity was assessed by an overexpression approach and transcriptomic analysis. Overexpressing lines showed increased defenses to infection by the fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides evidenced by reduced cellular damage and fungal biomass compared to wild-type plants. Transcriptomic and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that PpERF24 positively regulates the expression levels of defense genes involved in transcriptional regulation, phenylpropanoid and jasmonate pathways, oxidative burst and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. These findings give novel insights into potential mechanism by which PpERF24 increases plant defenses against several pathogens by regulating important players in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Reboledo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Astrid Agorio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Vignale
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alfonso Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Inés Ponce De León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
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14
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Guo F, Pan L, Liu H, Lv L, Chen X, Liu Y, Li H, Ye W, Zhang Z. Whole-Genome Metalloproteases in the Wheat Sharp Eyespot Pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis and a Role in Fungal Virulence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810691. [PMID: 36142601 PMCID: PMC9505970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal agent of sharp eyespot, a devastating disease of cereal crops including wheat. Several metalloproteases have been implicated in pathogenic virulence, but little is known about whole-genome metalloproteases in R. cerealis. In this study, a total of 116 metalloproteases-encoding genes were identified and characterized from the R. cerealis Rc207 genome. The gene expression profiles and phylogenetic relationship of 11 MEP36/fungalysin metalloproteases were examined during the fungal infection to wheat, and function of an upregulated secretory MEP36 named RcFL1 was validated. Of 11 MEP36 family metalloproteases, ten, except RcFL5, were predicted to be secreted proteins and nine encoding genes, but not RcFL5 and RcFL2, were expressed during the R. cerealis infection process. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that MEP36 metalloproteases in R. cerealis were closely related to those of Rhizoctonia solani but were remote to those of Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium graminearum, F. pseudograminearum, and Pyricularia oryzae. Expression of RcFL1 was significantly upregulated during the infection process and induced plant cell death in wheat to promote the virulence of the pathogen. The MEP36 domain was necessary for the activities of RcFL1. Furthermore, RcFL1 could repress the expression of wheat genes coding for the chitin elicitor receptor kinase TaCERK1 and chitinases. These results suggest that this MEP36 metalloprotease RcFL1 may function as a virulence factor of R. cerealis through inhibiting host chitin-triggered immunity and chitinases. This study provides insights on pathogenic mechanisms of R. cerealis. RcFL1 likely is an important gene resource for improving resistance of wheat to R. cerealis through host-induced gene silencing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic China, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lijun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic China, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic China, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liangjie Lv
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Xiyong Chen
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-8210-8781 (Z.Z.)
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic China, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-8210-8781 (Z.Z.)
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15
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Li X, Mu K, Yang S, Wei J, Wang C, Yan W, Yuan F, Wang H, Han D, Kang Z, Zeng Q. Reduction of Rhizoctonia cerealis Infection on Wheat Through Host- and Spray-Induced Gene Silencing of an Orphan Secreted Gene. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:803-813. [PMID: 36102883 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-22-0075-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia cerealis is a soilborne fungus that can cause sharp eyespot in wheat, resulting in massive yield losses found in many countries. Due to the lack of resistant cultivars, fungicides have been widely used to control this pathogen. However, chemical control is not environmentally friendly and is costly. Meanwhile, the lack of genetic transformation tools has hindered the functional characterization of virulence genes. In this study, we attempted to characterize the function of virulence genes by two transient methods, host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) and spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), which use RNA interference to suppress the pathogenic development. We identified ten secretory orphan genes from the genome. After silencing these ten genes, only the RcOSP1 knocked-down plant significantly inhibited the growth of R. cerealis. We then described RcOSP1 as an effector that could impair wheat biological processes and suppress pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity in the infection process. These findings confirm that HIGS and SIGS can be practical tools for researching R. cerealis virulence genes. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Keqing Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiajing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Congnawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Weiyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fengping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Yangling Seed Industry Innovation Center, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qingdong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Genome-Wide Analysis of Type-III Polyketide Synthases in Wheat and Possible Roles in Wheat Sheath-Blight Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137187. [PMID: 35806194 PMCID: PMC9266324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzymes in the chalcone synthase family, also known as type-III polyketide synthases (PKSs), play important roles in the biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites and plant adaptation to environmental stresses. There have been few detailed reports regarding the gene and tissue expression profiles of the PKS (TaPKS) family members in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, 81 candidate TaPKS genes were identified in the wheat genome, which were designated as TaPKS1–81. Phylogenetic analysis divided the TaPKS genes into two groups. TaPKS gene family expansion mainly occurred via tandem duplication and fragment duplication. In addition, we analyzed the physical and chemical properties, gene structures, and cis-acting elements of TaPKS gene family members. RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression of TaPKS genes was tissue-specific, and their expression levels differed before and after infection with Rhizoctonia cerealis. The expression levels of four TaPKS genes were also analyzed via qRT-PCR after treatment with methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and ethylene. In the present study, we systematically identified and analyzed TaPKS gene family members in wheat, and our findings may facilitate the cloning of candidate genes associated with resistance to sheath blight in wheat.
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Li L, Guo N, Feng Y, Duan M, Li C. Effect of Piriformospora indica-Induced Systemic Resistance and Basal Immunity Against Rhizoctonia cerealis and Fusarium graminearum in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836940. [PMID: 35498704 PMCID: PMC9047502 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is among the top 10 and most widely grown crops in the world. However, wheat is often infected with many soil-borne diseases, including sharp eyespot, mainly caused by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, and Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, resulting in reduced production. Piriformospora indica is a root endophytic fungus with a wide range of host plants, which increases their growth and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the capability of P. indica to protect wheat seedlings against R. cerealis and F. graminearum was investigated at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Our results showed that P. indica significantly reduced the disease progress on wheat caused by F. graminearum and R. cerealis in vivo, but not showed any antagonistic effect on F. graminearum and R. cerealis in vitro. Additionally, P. indica can induce systemic resistance by elevating H2O2 content, antioxidase activity, relative water content (RWC), and membrane stability index (MSI) compared to the plants only inoculated with F. graminearum or R. cerealis and control. RNA-seq suggested that transcriptome changes caused by F. graminearum were more severe than those caused by R. cerealis. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the transcriptome can be reduced by the addition of P. indica: for F. graminearum reduced by 18% and for R. cerealis reduced 58%. The DEGs related to disease resistance, such as WRKY and MAPK, were upregulated by P. indica colonization. The data further revealed that the transcriptional resistance to F. graminearum and R. cerealis mediated by P. indica is quite different.
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Zhu X, Rong W, Wang K, Guo W, Zhou M, Wu J, Ye X, Wei X, Zhang Z. Overexpression of TaSTT3b-2B improves resistance to sharp eyespot and increases grain weight in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:777-793. [PMID: 34873799 PMCID: PMC8989504 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
STAUROSPORINE AND TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE3 (STT3) is a catalytic subunit of oligosaccharyltransferase, which is important for asparagine-linked glycosylation. Sharp eyespot, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a devastating disease of bread wheat. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat defense against R. cerealis are still largely unclear. In this study, we identified TaSTT3a and TaSTT3b, two STT3 subunit genes from wheat and reported their functional roles in wheat defense against R. cerealis and increasing grain weight. The transcript abundance of TaSTT3b-2B was associated with the degree of wheat resistance to R. cerealis and induced by both R. cerealis and exogenous jasmonic acid (JA). Overexpression of TaSTT3b-2B significantly enhanced resistance to R. cerealis, grain weight, and JA content in transgenic wheat subjected to R. cerealis stress, while silencing of TaSTT3b-2B compromised resistance of wheat to R. cerealis. Transcriptomic analysis showed that TaSTT3b-2B affected the expression of a series of defense-related genes and JA biosynthesis-related genes, as well as genes coding starch synthase and sucrose synthase. Application of exogenous JA elevated expression levels of the abovementioned defense- and grain weight-related genes, and rescuing the resistance of TaSTT3b-2B-silenced wheat to R. cerealis, while pretreatment with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of JA synthesis, attenuated the TaSTT3b-2B-mediated resistance to R. cerealis, suggesting that TaSTT3b-2B played critical roles in regulating R. cerealis resistance and grain weight via JA biosynthesis. Altogether, this study reveals new functional roles of TaSTT3b-2B in regulating plant innate immunity and grain weight, and illustrates its potential application value for wheat molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Rong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Guo
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Miaoping Zhou
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Jizhong Wu
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuening Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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The Pathogen-Induced MATE Gene TaPIMA1 Is Required for Defense Responses to Rhizoctonia cerealis in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063377. [PMID: 35328796 PMCID: PMC8950252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The sharp eyespot, mainly caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a devastating disease endangering production of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Multi-Antimicrobial Extrusion (MATE) family genes are widely distributed in plant species, but little is known about MATE functions in wheat disease resistance. In this study, we identified TaPIMA1, a pathogen-induced MATE gene in wheat, from RNA-seq data. TaPIMA1 expression was induced by Rhizoctonia cerealis and was higher in sharp eyespot-resistant wheat genotypes than in susceptible wheat genotypes. Molecular biology assays showed that TaPIMA1 belonged to the MATE family, and the expressed protein could distribute in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing plus disease assessment indicated that knock-down of TaPIMA1 impaired resistance of wheat to sharp eyespot and down-regulated the expression of defense genes (Defensin, PR10, PR1.2, and Chitinase3). Furthermore, TaPIMA1 was rapidly induced by exogenous H2O2 and jasmonate (JA) treatments, which also promoted the expression of pathogenesis-related genes. These results suggested that TaPIMA1 might positively regulate the defense against R. cerealis by up-regulating the expression of defense-associated genes in H2O2 and JA signal pathways. This study sheds light on the role of MATE transporter in wheat defense to Rhizoctonia cerealis and provides a potential gene for improving wheat resistance against sharp eyespot.
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Guo F, Wu T, Shen F, Xu G, Qi H, Zhang Z. The cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase TaCRK3 contributes to defense against Rhizoctonia cerealis in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6904-6919. [PMID: 34254642 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sharp eyespot, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a devastating disease of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat defense against R. cerealis are still largely unknown. In this study, by comparative transcriptomic analysis we identified a novel cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase (CRK)-encoding gene, designated as TaCRK3, and investigated its role in defense against R. cerealis. TaCRK3 transcript abundance was significantly elevated by R. cerealis and exogenous ethylene treatments. Silencing of TaCRK3 significantly compromised resistance to R. cerealis and repressed expression of an ethylene biosynthesis enzyme-encoding gene, ACO2, and a subset of defense-associated genes in wheat, whose transcript levels are up-regulated by ethylene stimulus. TaCRK3 protein was localized at the plasma membrane in wheat. Noticeably, both the heterologously expressed TaCRK3 protein and its partial peptide harboring two DUF26 (DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION 26) domains could inhibit growth of R. cerealis mycelia. These results suggest that TaCRK3 mediates wheat resistance to R. cerealis through direct antifungal activity and heightening the expression of defense-associated genes in the ethylene signaling pathway. Moreover, its DUF26 domains are required for the antifungal activity of TaCRK3. Our results reveal that TaCRK3 is a promising gene for breeding wheat varieties with resistance to R. cerealis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Guo
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Tianci Wu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Fangdi Shen
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo, China
| | - Gangbiao Xu
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Haijun Qi
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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TaWAK2A-800, a Wall-Associated Kinase, Participates Positively in Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Sharp Eyespot in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111493. [PMID: 34768923 PMCID: PMC8583783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and sharp eyespot are important diseases of the cereal plants, including bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley. Both diseases are predominately caused by the pathogenic fungi, Fusarium graminearum and Rhizoctonia cerealis. The roles of the wheat-wall-associated kinases (WAKs) in defense against both F. graminearum and R. cerealis have remained largely unknown. This research reports the identification of TaWAK2A-800, a wheat WAK-coding gene located on chromosome 2A, and its functional roles in wheat resistance responses to FHB and sharp eyespot. TaWAK2A-800 transcript abundance was elevated by the early infection of R. cerealis and F. graminearum, or treatment with exogenous chitin. The gene transcript seemed to correspond to the resistance of wheat. Further functional analyses showed that silencing TaWAK2A-800 compromised the resistance of wheat to both FHB (F. graminearum) and sharp eyespot (R. cerealis). Moreover, the silencing reduced the expression levels of six defense-related genes, including the chitin-triggering immune pathway-marker genes, TaCERK1, TaRLCK1B, and TaMPK3. Summarily, TaWAK2A-800 participates positively in the resistance responses to both F. graminearum and R. cerealis, possibly through a chitin-induced pathway in wheat. TaWAK2A-800 will be useful for breeding wheat varieties with resistance to both FHB and sharp eyespot.
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Li X, Han R, Gong WY, Wang XL, Zhang XJ. Investigation of Wheat ERF Family Revealed Novel Genes Involved in Powdery Mildew Responses. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421090064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Czékus Z, Iqbal N, Pollák B, Martics A, Ördög A, Poór P. Role of ethylene and light in chitosan-induced local and systemic defence responses of tomato plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 263:153461. [PMID: 34217837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant defence responses can be triggered by the application of elicitors for example chitosan (β-1,4-linked glucosamine; CHT). It is well-known that CHT induces rapid, local production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) resulting in fast stomatal closure. Systemic defence responses are based primarily on phytohormones such as ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA), moreover on the expression of hormone-mediated defence genes and proteins. At the same time, these responses can be dependent also on external factors, such as light but its role was less-investigated. Based on our result in intact tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.), CHT treatment not only induced significant ET emission and stomatal closure locally but also promoted significant production of superoxide which was also detectable in the distal, systemic leaves. However, these changes in ET and superoxide accumulation were detected only in wild type (WT) plants kept in light and were inhibited under darkness as well as in ET receptor Never ripe (Nr) mutants suggesting pivotal importance of ET and light in inducing resistance both locally and systemically upon CHT. Interestingly, CHT-induced NO production was mostly independent of ET or light. At the same time, expression of Pathogenesis-related 3 (PR3) was increased locally in both genotypes in the light and in WT leaves under darkness. This was also observed in distal leaves of WT plants. The CHT-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as well as unfolded protein response (UPR) were examined for the first time, via analysis of the lumenal binding protein (BiP). Whereas local expression of BiP was not dependent on the availability of light or ET, systemically it was mediated by ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Nadeem Iqbal
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary; Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Boglárka Pollák
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Atina Martics
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
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Qi H, Zhu X, Guo F, Lv L, Zhang Z. The Wall-Associated Receptor-Like Kinase TaWAK7D Is Required for Defense Responses to Rhizoctonia cerealis in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115629. [PMID: 34073183 PMCID: PMC8199179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sharp eyespot, caused by necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a serious fungal disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Certain wall-associated receptor kinases (WAK) mediate resistance to diseases caused by biotrophic/hemibiotrophic pathogens in several plant species. Yet, none of wheat WAK genes with positive effect on the innate immune responses to R. cerealis has been reported. In this study, we identified a WAK gene TaWAK7D, located on chromosome 7D, and showed its positive regulatory role in the defense response to R. cerealis infection in wheat. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses showed that TaWAK7D transcript abundance was elevated in wheat after R. cerealis inoculation and the induction in the stem was the highest among the tested organs. Additionally, TaWAK7D transcript levels were significantly elevated by pectin and chitin treatments. The knock-down of TaWAK7D transcript impaired resistance to R. cerealis and repressed the expression of five pathogenesis-related genes in wheat. The green fluorescent protein signal distribution assays indicated that TaWAK7D localized on the plasma membrane in wheat protoplasts. Thus, TaWAK7D, which is induced by R. cerealis, pectin and chitin stimuli, positively participates in defense responses to R. cerealis through modulating the expression of several pathogenesis-related genes in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Qi
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Feilong Guo
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Liangjie Lv
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China;
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-82108781
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Biocontrol of Two Bacterial Inoculant Strains and Their Effects on the Rhizosphere Microbial Community of Field-Grown Wheat. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8835275. [PMID: 33506038 PMCID: PMC7811418 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8835275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biocontrol by inoculation with beneficial microbes is a proven strategy for reducing the negative effect of soil-borne pathogens. We evaluated the effects of microbial inoculants BIO-1 and BIO-2 in reducing soil-borne wheat diseases and in influencing wheat rhizosphere microbial community composition in a plot test. The experimental design consisted of three treatments: (1) Fusarium graminearum F0609 (CK), (2) F. graminearum + BIO-1 (T1), and (3) F. graminearum F0609 + BIO-2 (T2). The results of the wheat disease investigation showed that the relative efficacies of BIO-1 and BIO-2 were up to 82.5% and 83.9%, respectively. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed that bacterial abundance and diversity were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the treatment groups (T1 and T2) than in the control, with significantly decreased fungal diversity in the T2 group. Principal coordinates and hierarchical clustering analyses revealed that the bacterial and fungal communities were distinctly separated between the treatment and control groups. Bacterial community composition analysis demonstrated that beneficial microbes, such as Sphingomonas, Bacillus, Nocardioides, Rhizobium, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, and Microbacterium, were more abundant in the treatment groups than in the control group. Fungal community composition analysis revealed that the relative abundance of the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium and Gibberella decreased and that the well-known beneficial fungi Chaetomium, Penicillium, and Humicola were more abundant in the treatment groups than in the control group. Overall, these results confirm that beneficial microbes accumulate more easily in the wheat rhizosphere following application of BIO-1 and BIO-2 and that the relative abundance of phytopathogenic fungi decreased compared with that in the control group.
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Qi H, Guo F, Lv L, Zhu X, Zhang L, Yu J, Wei X, Zhang Z. The Wheat Wall-Associated Receptor-Like Kinase TaWAK-6D Mediates Broad Resistance to Two Fungal Pathogens Fusarium pseudograminearum and Rhizoctonia cerealis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:758196. [PMID: 34777437 PMCID: PMC8579037 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.758196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The soil-borne fungi Fusarium pseudograminearum and Rhizoctonia cerealis are the major pathogens for the economically important diseases Fusarium crown rot (FCR) and sharp eyespot of common wheat (Triticum aestivum), respectively. However, there has been no report on the broad resistance of wheat genes against both F. pseudograminearum and R. cerealis. In the current study, we identified TaWAK-6D, a wall-associated kinase (WAK) which is an encoding gene located on chromosome 6D, and demonstrated its broad resistance role in the wheat responses to both F. pseudograminearum and R. cerealis infection. TaWAK-6D transcript induction by F. pseudograminearum and R. cerealis was related to the resistance degree of wheat and the gene expression was significantly induced by exogenous pectin treatment. Silencing of TaWAK-6D compromised wheat resistance to F. pseudograminearum and R. cerealis, and repressed the expression of a serial of wheat defense-related genes. Ectopic expression of TaWAK-6D in Nicotiana benthamiana positively modulated the expression of several defense-related genes. TaWAK-6D protein was determined to localize to the plasma membrane in wheat and N. benthamiana. Collectively, the TaWAK-6D at the plasma membrane mediated the broad resistance responses to both F. pseudograminearum and R. cerealis in wheat at the seedling stage. This study, therefore, concludes that TaWAK-6D is a promising gene for improving wheat broad resistance to FCR and sharp eyespot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Qi
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feilong Guo
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Lv
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jinfeng Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xuening Wei
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zengyan Zhang
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Wang K, Rong W, Liu Y, Li H, Zhang Z. Wheat Elongator subunit 4 is required for epigenetic regulation of host immune response to Rhizoctonia cerealis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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28
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Xu Y, Li X, Cong C, Gong G, Xu Y, Che J, Hou F, Chen H, Wang L. Use of resistant Rhizoctonia cerealis strains to control wheat sharp eyespot using organically developed pig manure fertilizer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138568. [PMID: 32305767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Rhizoctonia cerealis resistant strains to control wheat sharp eyespot in pig manure developed organic fertilizer were investigated. Organic fertilizer was produced in a self-built aerated static composting box (0.37 m3) and later assessed using values of temperature, moisture, pH, C/N ratio, nitrogen transformation, fluvic- and humic acid composition and germination index. Together, these assessments indicated that disposed pig manure could be considered as a non-hazardous fertilizer. By adding R. cerealis resistant strains (Bacillus flexus, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis and Paenibacillus sp.), we were successfully able to develop wheat sharp eyespot inhibiting bio-organic fertilizer. Our results showed that soil applied with 10 t/hm2 of the developed bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the dry weight of the wheat, promoted chlorophylls and soluble protein composition and effectively prevented the wheat from sharp eyespot. The protection rate (77.1%) of our developed bio-organic fertilizer is 42.3% higher than the tested commercially available organic fertilizer (34.8%), and the disease index is significantly lower (P < 0.001) than both the control and commercial organic fertilizer. In conclusion, the prevention and control effects of our developed bio-organic fertilizer on wheat sharp eyespot were both significant and promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, No. 2 Linggong Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China; Xinjiang Western Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, No. 29 Beisandonglu, Shihezi 832099, China
| | - Cong Cong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Gailin Gong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, No. 2 Linggong Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jian Che
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fuqin Hou
- Xinjiang Western Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, No. 29 Beisandonglu, Shihezi 832099, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Xinjiang Tianshan Military Reclamation and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, No. 19 Beisandonglu, Shihezi 832099, China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, No. 2 Linggong Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China; Xinjiang Western Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, No. 29 Beisandonglu, Shihezi 832099, China.
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Ren Y, Yu PB, Wang Y, Hou WX, Yang X, Fan JL, Wu XH, Lv XL, Zhang N, Zhao L, Dong ZD, Chen F. Development of a Rapid Approach for Detecting Sharp Eyespot Resistance in Seedling-Stage Wheat and Its Application in Chinese Wheat Cultivars. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1662-1667. [PMID: 32324096 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-19-2718-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sharp eyespot, caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis, has become one of the most severe diseases affecting global wheat production in recent decades. Quick and efficient screening methods are required to accelerate the development of cultivars for sharp eyespot resistance in wheat breeding. Here, a two-step colonized wheat kernels (TSCWK) method for the inoculation and classification of sharp eyespot resistance in seedlings was established in a greenhouse. After preliminary verification of the reliability of the method in two replicates, 196 wheat cultivars were assessed for sharp eyespot resistance, and significant correlations were identified among the four replicates (r = 0.78 to 0.84; P < 0.01). Furthermore, the 196 cultivars were scored for sharp eyespot resistance at the milk-ripe stage using traditional toothpick inoculation in the field. Correlation and linear regression analysis showed that the application of this approach at the seedling stage showed good consistency with the traditional field method. Moreover, the scoring of 442 cultivars using the TSCWK method indicated that most cultivars from the Huanghuai valley were susceptible to R. cerealis, suggesting an urgent need to improve sharp eyespot resistance in this region. Additionally, the relative resistance index of sharp eyespot decreased in the surveyed cultivars of the region with time. This study offers a rapid and effective approach for the identification of wheat sharp eyespot resistance and provides valuable germplasm for improving sharp eyespot resistance in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng-Bo Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xiu Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lin Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences/Isotope Institute Co., Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia-Lei Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Dong Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Global Characterization of GH10 Family Xylanase Genes in Rhizoctonia cerealis and Functional Analysis of Xylanase RcXYN1 During Fungus Infection in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051812. [PMID: 32155734 PMCID: PMC7084588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple crop. Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal agent of diseases that are devastating to cereal crops, including wheat. Xylanases play an important role in pathogenic infection, but little is known about xylanases in R. cerealis. Herein, we identified nine xylanase-encoding genes from the R. cerealis genome, named RcXYN1–RcXYN9, examined their expression patterns, and investigated the pathogenicity role of RcXYN1. RcXYN1–RcXYN9 proteins contain two conserved glutamate residues within the active motif in the glycoside hydrolase 10 (GH10) domain. Of them, RcXYN1–RcXYN4 are predicted to be secreted proteins. RcXYN1–RcXYN9 displayed different expression patterns during the infection process of wheat, and RcXYN1, RcXYN2, RcXYN5, and RcXYN9 were expressed highly across all the tested inoculation points. Functional dissection indicated that the RcXYN1 protein was able to induce necrosis/cell-death and H2O2 generation when infiltrated into wheat and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Furthermore, application of RcXYN1 protein followed by R. cerealis led to significantly higher levels of the disease in wheat leaves than application of the fungus alone. These results demonstrate that RcXYN1 acts as a pathogenicity factor during R. cerealis infection in wheat. This is the first investigation of xylanase genes in R. cerealis, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis mechanisms of R. cerealis.
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Ecotopic Expression of the Antimicrobial Peptide DmAMP1W Improves Resistance of Transgenic Wheat to Two Diseases: Sharp Eyespot and Common Root Rot. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020647. [PMID: 31963767 PMCID: PMC7014311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple crop. Sharp eyespot and common root rot are destructive diseases of wheat. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this study, we synthesized the DmAMP1W gene, encoding Dahlia merckii DmAMP1, and investigated the antifungal role of DmAMP1W in vitro and in transgenic wheat. Protein electrophoresis analysis and in vitro inhibition results demonstrated that the synthesized DmAMP1W correctly translated to the expected peptide DmAMP1W, and the purified peptide inhibited growths of the fungi Rhizoctonia cerealis and Bipolaris sorokiniana, the pathogenic causes of wheat sharp eyespot and common root rot. DmAMP1W was introduced into a wheat variety Zhoumai18 via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The molecular characteristics indicated that DmAMP1W could be heritable and expressed in five transgenic wheat lines in T1–T2 generations. Average sharp eyespot infection types of these five DmAMP1W transgenic wheat lines in T1–T2 generations decreased 0.69–1.54 and 0.40–0.82 compared with non-transformed Zhoumai18, respectively. Average common root rot infection types of these transgenic lines and non-transformed Zhoumai18 were 1.23–1.48 and 2.27, respectively. These results indicated that DmAMP1W-expressing transgenic wheat lines displayed enhanced-resistance to both sharp eyespot and common root rot. This study provides new broad-spectrum antifungal resources for wheat breeding.
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Liu X, Zhu X, Wei X, Lu C, Shen F, Zhang X, Zhang Z. The wheat LLM-domain-containing transcription factor TaGATA1 positively modulates host immune response to Rhizoctonia cerealis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:344-355. [PMID: 31536614 PMCID: PMC6913698 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is essential for global food security. Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal pathogen of sharp eyespot, an important disease of wheat. GATA proteins in model plants have been implicated in growth and development; however, little is known about their roles in immunity. Here, we report a defence role for a wheat LLM-domain-containing B-GATA transcription factor, TaGATA1, against R. cerealis infection and explore the underlying mechanism. Through transcriptomic analysis, TaGATA1 was identified to be more highly expressed in resistant wheat genotypes than in susceptible wheat genotypes. TaGATA1 was located on chromosome 3B and had two homoeologous genes on chromosomes 3A and 3D. TaGATA1 was found to be localized in the nucleus, possessed transcriptional activation activity, and bound to GATA-core cis-elements. TaGATA1 overexpression significantly enhanced resistance of transgenic wheat to R. cerealis, whereas silencing of TaGATA1 suppressed the resistance. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and ChIP-qPCR results indicated that TaGATA1 directly bound to and activated certain defence genes in host immune response to R. cerealis. Collectively, TaGATA1 positively regulates immune responses to R. cerealis through activating expression of defence genes in wheat. This study reveals a new function of plant GATAs in immunity and provides a candidate gene for improving crop resistance to R. cerealis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuening Wei
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chungui Lu
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, UK
| | - Fangdi Shen
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abbas HMK, Xiang J, Ahmad Z, Wang L, Dong W. Enhanced Nicotiana benthamiana immune responses caused by heterologous plant genes from Pinellia ternata. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:357. [PMID: 30558544 PMCID: PMC6296014 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pinellia ternata is a Chinese traditional medicinal herb, used to cure diseases including insomnia, eclampsia and cervical carcinoma, for hundreds of years. Non-self-recognition in multicellular organisms can initiate the innate immunity to avoid the invasion of pathogens. A design for pathogen independent, heterosis based, fresh resistance can be generated in F1 hybrid was proposed. RESULTS By library functional screening, we found that P. ternata genes, named as ptHR375 and ptHR941, were identified with the potential to trigger a hypersensitive response in Nicotiana benthamiana. Significant induction of ROS and Callose deposition in N. benthamiana leaves along with activation of pathogenesis-related genes viz.; PR-1a, PR-5, PDF1.2, NPR1, PAL, RBOHB and ERF1 and antioxidant enzymes was observed. After transformation into N. benthamiana, expression of pathogenesis related genes was significantly up-regulated to generate high level of resistance against Phytophthora capsici without affecting the normal seed germination and morphological characters of the transformed N. benthamiana. UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis of ptHR375 transformed N. benthamiana revealed the induction of Oxytetracycline, Cuelure, Allantoin, Diethylstilbestrol and 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one as bioactive compounds. Here we also proved that F1 hybrids, produced by crossing of the ptHR375 and ptHR941 transformed and non-transformed N. benthamiana, show significant high levels of PR-gene expressions and pathogen resistance. CONCLUSIONS Heterologous plant genes can activate disease resistance in another plant species and furthermore, by generating F1 hybrids, fresh pathogen independent plant immunity can be obtained. It is also concluded that ptHR375 and ptHR941 play their role in SA and JA/ET defense pathways to activate the resistance against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Khalid Abbas
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingshu Xiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zahoor Ahmad
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lilin Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wubei Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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Lu L, Rong W, Massart S, Zhang Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Cutinase Gene Family in Rhizoctonia cerealis and Functional Study of an Active Cutinase RcCUT1 in the Fungal-Wheat Interaction. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1813. [PMID: 30131789 PMCID: PMC6091245 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple food of more than 50% of global population. Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal agent of sharp eyespot, a devastating disease of cereal crops including wheat. Cutinases produced by fungal pathogens play important roles in host-pathogen compatible interactions, but little is known about cutinases in R. cerealis. In this study, we identified a total of six cutinase encoding genes from R. cerealis genome, designated as RcCUT1-RcCUT6, analyzed their expression patterns during the infection, and determined virulence role for RcCUT1. All the proteins, RcCUT1-RcCUT6, contain a highly conserved GYSKG motif and another conserved C-x(3)-D-x(2)-C-x(2)-[GS]-[GSD]-x(4)-[AP]-H motif in the carbohydrate esterase 5 domain. The RcCUT1, RcCUT2, RcCUT4, and RcCUT5 are predicted to be secreted proteins containing four cysteine residues. These six cutinase genes had different expression patterns during the fungal infection process to wheat, among which RcCUT1 was highly expressed across all the infection time points but RcCUT6 was not expressed at all and the others were expressed only at certain time points. Further, RcCUT1 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli to obtain a purified protein. The purified RcCUT1 was shown to possess the cutinase activity and be able to induce necrosis, H2O2 accumulation, and expression of defense-related genes when infiltrated into wheat and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. In contrast, RcCUT1 protein with serine mutation at the first motif had no cutinase activity, consequently lost the ability to induce necrosis. Noticeably, application of the purified RcCUT1 with R. cerealis led to significantly higher levels of the disease in wheat leaves than application of the fungus alone. These results strongly suggest that RcCUT1 serves as a virulence factor for the fungus. This is the first investigation of the cutinase genes in R. cerealis and the findings provide an important insight into pathogenesis mechanisms of R. cerealis on wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Rong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Integrated and Urban Phytopathology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech–University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Massart
- Laboratory of Integrated and Urban Phytopathology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech–University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang M, Zhu X, Wang K, Lu C, Luo M, Shan T, Zhang Z. A wheat caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase TaCOMT-3D positively contributes to both resistance to sharp eyespot disease and stem mechanical strength. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6543. [PMID: 29695751 PMCID: PMC5916939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) has been implicated in the lignin biosynthetic pathway through catalyzing the multi-step methylation reactions of hydroxylated monomeric lignin precursors. However, genetic evidence for its function in plant disease resistance is poor. Sharp eyespot, caused primarily by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a destructive disease in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, a wheat COMT gene TaCOMT-3D, is identified to be in response to R. cerealis infection through microarray-based comparative transcriptomics. The TaCOMT-3D gene is localized in the long arm of the chromosome 3D. The transcriptional level of TaCOMT-3D is higher in sharp eyespot-resistant wheat lines than in susceptible wheat lines, and is significantly elevated after R. cerealis inoculation. After R. cerealis inoculation and disease scoring, TaCOMT-3D-silenced wheat plants exhibit greater susceptibility to sharp eyespot compared to unsilenced wheat plants, whereas overexpression of TaCOMT-3D enhances resistance of the transgenic wheat lines to sharp eyespot. Moreover, overexpression of TaCOMT-3D enhances the stem mechanical strength, and lignin (particular syringyl monolignol) accumulation in the transgenic wheat lines. These results suggest that TaCOMT-3D positively contributes to both wheat resistance against sharp eyespot and stem mechanical strength possibly through promoting lignin (especially syringyl monolignol) accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Wang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Chungui Lu
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottingham, NG250QF, United Kingdom
| | - Meiying Luo
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Tianlei Shan
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China.
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Chen L, Zheng Y, Dong Z, Meng F, Sun X, Fan X, Zhang Y, Wang M, Wang S. Soybean (Glycine max) WRINKLED1 transcription factor, GmWRI1a, positively regulates seed oil accumulation. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:401-415. [PMID: 29138932 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is the world's most important leguminous crop producing high-quality protein and oil. Elevating oil accumulation in soybean seed is always many researchers' goal. WRINKLED1 (WRI1) encodes a transcription factor of the APETALA2/ethylene responsive element-binding protein (AP2/EREBP) family that plays important roles during plant seed oil accumulation. In this study, we isolated and characterized three distinct orthologues of WRI1 in soybean (Glycine max) that display different organ-specific expression patterns, among which GmWRI1a was highly expressed in maturing soybean seed. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and yeast one-hybrid experiments demonstrated that the GmWRI1a protein was capable of binding to AW-box, a conserved sequence in the proximal upstream regions of many genes involved in various steps of oil biosynthesis. Transgenic soybean seeds overexpressing GmWRI1a under the control of the seed-specific napin promoter showed the increased total oil and fatty acid content and the changed fatty acid composition. Furthermore, basing on the activated expressions in transgenic soybean seeds and existence of AW-box element in the promoter regions, direct downstream genes of GmWRI1a were identified, and their products were responsible for fatty acid production, elongation, desaturation and export from plastid. We conclude that GmWRI1a transcription factor can positively regulate oil accumulation in soybean seed by a complex gene expression network related to fatty acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Dong
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fanfan Meng
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmiao Sun
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhong Fan
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuming Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
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Wheat genome editing expedited by efficient transformation techniques: Progress and perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Luan Y, Cui J, Li J, Jiang N, Liu P, Meng J. Effective enhancement of resistance to Phytophthora infestans by overexpression of miR172a and b in Solanum lycopersicum. PLANTA 2018; 247:127-138. [PMID: 28884358 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of miR172a and b in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) Zaofen No. 2 increased resistance to Phytophthora infestans infection by suppressing of an AP2/ERF transcription factor. The miR172 family has been shown to participate in the growth phase transition, flowering time control, abiotic and biotic stresses by regulating the expression of a small group of AP2/ERF transcription factors. In this study, the precursors of miR172a and b were cloned from tomato, Solanum pimpinellifolium L3708. We used the degradome sequencing to determine the cleavage site of miR172 to a member of the AP2/ERF transcription factor family (Solyc11g072600.1.1). qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of AP2/ERF was negatively correlated with the expression of miR172 in S. pimpinellifolium L3708 infected with Phytophthora infestans. Overexpression of miR172a and b in S. lycopersicum Zaofen No. 2 conferred greater resistance to P. infestans infection, as evidenced by decreased disease index, lesion sizes, and P. infestans abundance. The SOD and POD play important roles in scavenging late massive ROS in plant-pathogen interaction. Malonaldehyde (MDA) is widely recognized as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Membrane damage in plants can be estimated by measuring leakage of electrolytes, which is evaluated by determining relative electrolyte leakage (REL). Less H2O2 and O2-, higher activities of POD and SOD, less MDA content and REL, and higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were also shown in transgenic plants after inoculation with P. infestans. Our results constitute the first step towards further investigations into the biological function and molecular mechanism of miR172-mediated silencing of AP2/ERF transcription factors in S. lycopersicum-P. infestans interaction and provide a candidate gene for breeding to enhance biotic stress-resistance in S. lycopersicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Luan
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jun Cui
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jun Meng
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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Zhu X, Wang Y, Su Z, Lv L, Zhang Z. Silencing of the Wheat Protein Phosphatase 2A Catalytic Subunit TaPP2Ac Enhances Host Resistance to the Necrotrophic Pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1437. [PMID: 30429858 PMCID: PMC6220131 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic type 2A protein phosphatases (protein phosphatase 2A, PP2A) consist of a scaffold subunit A, a regulatory subunit B, and a catalytic subunit C. Little is known about the roles of PP2Ac proteins that are involved in plant responses to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Sharp eyespot, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum), an important staple food crop. Here, we isolated TaPP2Ac-4D from wheat, which encodes a catalytic subunit of the heterotrimeric PP2A, and characterized its properties and role in plant defense response to R. cerealis. Based on the sequence alignment of TaPP2Ac-4D with the draft sequences of wheat chromosomes from the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), it was found that TaPP2Ac-4D gene is located on the long arm of the wheat chromosome 4D and has two homologs assigned on wheat chromosomes 4A and 4B. Sequence and phylogenetic tree analyses revealed that the TaPP2Ac protein is a typical member of the PP2Ac family and belongs to the subfamily II. TaPP2Ac-4B and TaPP2Ac-4D displayed higher transcriptional levels in the R. cerealis-susceptible wheat cultivar Wenmai 6 than those seen in the resistant wheat line CI12633. The transcriptional levels of TaPP2Ac-4B and TaPP2Ac-4D were significantly elevated in wheat R. cerealis after infection and upon H2O2 treatment. Virus-induced gene silencing results revealed that the transcriptional knockdown of TaPP2Ac-4D and TaPP2Ac-4B significantly increased wheat resistance to R. cerealis infection. Meanwhile, the transcriptional levels of certain pathogenesis-related (PR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme encoding genes were increased in TaPP2Ac-silenced wheat plants. These results suggest that TaPP2Ac-4B and TaPP2Ac-4D negatively regulate defense response to R. cerealis infection possibly through modulation of the expression of certain PR and ROS-scavenging enzyme genes in wheat. This study reveals a novel function of the plant PP2Ac genes in plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqi Su
- Institute for Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liangjie Lv
- Institute for Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zengyan Zhang,
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40
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Zhu X, Lu C, Du L, Ye X, Liu X, Coules A, Zhang Z. The wheat NB-LRR gene TaRCR1 is required for host defence response to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:674-687. [PMID: 27862842 PMCID: PMC5425395 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is the major pathogen causing sharp eyespot disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins often mediate plant disease resistance to biotrophic pathogens. Little is known about the role of NB-LRR genes involved in wheat response to R. cerealis. In this study, a wheat NB-LRR gene, named TaRCR1, was identified in response to R. cerealis infection using Artificial Neural Network analysis based on comparative transcriptomics and its defence role was characterized. The transcriptional level of TaRCR1 was enhanced after R. cerealis inoculation and associated with the resistance level of wheat. TaRCR1 was located on wheat chromosome 3BS and encoded an NB-LRR protein that was consisting of a coiled-coil domain, an NB-ARC domain and 13 imperfect leucine-rich repeats. TaRCR1 was localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Silencing of TaRCR1 impaired wheat resistance to R. cerealis, whereas TaRCR1 overexpression significantly increased the resistance in transgenic wheat. TaRCR1 regulated certain reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging and production, and defence-related genes, and peroxidase activity. Furthermore, H2 O2 pretreatment for 12-h elevated expression levels of TaRCR1 and the above defence-related genes, whereas treatment with a peroxidase inhibitor for 12 h reduced the resistance of TaRCR1-overexpressing transgenic plants and expression levels of these defence-related genes. Taken together, TaRCR1 positively contributes to defence response to R. cerealis through maintaining ROS homoeostasis and regulating the expression of defence-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chungui Lu
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental SciencesNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - Lipu Du
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xingguo Ye
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xin Liu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Anne Coules
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental SciencesNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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41
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Ding T, Su B, Chen X, Xie S, Gu S, Wang Q, Huang D, Jiang H. An Endophytic Bacterial Strain Isolated from Eucommia ulmoides Inhibits Southern Corn Leaf Blight. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:903. [PMID: 28572799 PMCID: PMC5435801 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis DZSY21 isolated from the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides oliv. was labeled by antibiotic marker and found to effectively colonize the leaves of maize plant. Agar diffusion assays and biocontrol effect experiments showed that strain DZSY21 and its lipopeptides had antagonistic activity against Bipolaris maydis, as well as high biocontrol effects on southern corn leaf blight caused by B. maydis. Using MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, we detected the presence of antimicrobial surfactin A, surfactin B, and fengycin in the strain DZSY21. Signaling pathways mediated by DZSY21 were analyzed by testing the expression of key plant genes involved in regulation of salicylic acid (SA) or JA/ET pathways, the defense-related genes PR1 and LOX were concurrently expressed in the leaves of DZSY21-treated plants; this corresponded to slight increase in the expression level of PDF1.2 and decreases in ERF gene transcription levels. The results indicated an induced systemic response that is dependent on the SA and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways. Thus, we hypothesized that the strain DZSY21 inhibits B. maydis by producing antifungal lipopeptides and activating an induced systemic response through SA- and JA-dependent signaling pathways. This work describes a mechanism behind reduced disease severity in plants inoculated with the endophytic bacteria DZSY21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ding
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, China
| | - Bo Su
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, China
| | - Shuangyue Gu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, China
| | - Dayue Huang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, China
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Sun HY, Lu CQ, Li W, Deng YY, Chen HG. Homozygous and heterozygous point mutations in succinate dehydrogenase subunits b, c and d of Rhizoctonia cerealis conferring resistance to thifluzamide. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:896-903. [PMID: 27415408 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thifluzamide, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, is a promising fungicide for controlling wheat sharp eyespot (WSE). WSE is caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis. Information on the resistance mechanism of this pathogen to thifluzamide remains unavailable. RESULTS We used selective reculturing and UV mutagenesis to generate thifluzamide-resistant mutants. Thifluzamide-resistant mutants were only generated through UV mutagenesis. Sequence analysis of succinate dehydrogenase (Sdh) genes revealed that two mutants had no mutation in RCSdhB, RCSdhC and RCSdhD, and the other 18 mutants all had at least one mutation in RCSdhB, RCSdhC or RCSdhD, either in a homozygous or heterozygous state. The majority of mutants included either RCSdhD-H116Y or RCSdhC-H139Y. They showed slight resistance to boscalid, bixafen and penflufen. Only one mutant possessed RCSdhB-H246Y, and it showed medium resistance to boscalid and penflufen and a slight resistance to bixafen. All the thifluzamide mutants were sensitive to flutolanil. Compared with their parental isolates, these mutants present no or minor fitness penalties. CONCLUSION Homozygous and heterozygous point mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase subunits b, c and d of R. cerealis may be involved in thifluzamide resistance. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Qun Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Yu Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Huai-Gu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
In the past two decades, Chinese scientists have achieved significant progress on three aspects of wheat genetic transformation. First, the wheat transformation platform has been established and optimized to improve the transformation efficiency, shorten the time required from starting of transformation procedure to the fertile transgenic wheat plants obtained as well as to overcome the problem of genotype-dependent for wheat genetic transformation in wide range of wheat elite varieties. Second, with the help of many emerging techniques such as CRISPR/cas9 function of over 100 wheat genes has been investigated. Finally, modern technology has been combined with the traditional breeding technique such as crossing to accelerate the application of wheat transformation. Overall, the wheat end-use quality and the characteristics of wheat stress tolerance have been improved by wheat genetic engineering technique. So far, wheat transgenic lines integrated with quality-improved genes and stress tolerant genes have been on the way of Production Test stage in the field. The debates and the future studies on wheat transformation have been discussed, and the brief summary of Chinese wheat breeding research history has also been provided in this review.
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Wei X, Shen F, Hong Y, Rong W, Du L, Liu X, Xu H, Ma L, Zhang Z. The wheat calcium-dependent protein kinase TaCPK7-D positively regulates host resistance to sharp eyespot disease. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:1252-64. [PMID: 26720854 PMCID: PMC6638438 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sharp eyespot, caused mainly by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, limits wheat production worldwide. Here, TaCPK7-D, encoding a subgroup III member of the calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK) family, was identified from the sharp eyespot-resistant wheat line CI12633 through comparative transcriptomic analysis. Subsequently, the defence role of TaCPK7-D against R. cerealis infection was studied by the generation and characterization of TaCPK7-D-silenced and TaCPK7-D-overexpressing wheat plants. Rhizoctonia cerealis inoculation induced a higher transcriptional level of TaCPK7-D in the resistant wheat line CI12633 than in the susceptible cultivar Wenmai 6. The expression of TaCPK7-D was significantly induced after exogenous application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (an ethylene biosynthesis precursor). The green fluorescent protein signal distribution assays indicated that TaCPK7-D localizes to the plasma membrane in both onion epidermal cells and wheat protoplasts. Following R. cerealis inoculation, TaCPK7-D-silenced wheat CI12633 plants displayed more severe sharp eyespot symptoms than control CI12633 plants. Four defence-associated genes (β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase 1, defensin and TaPIE1) and an ethylene biosynthesis key gene, ACO2, were significantly suppressed in the TaCPK7-D-silenced wheat plants compared with control plants. Conversely, TaCPK7-D-overexpressing wheat lines showed increased resistance to sharp eyespot compared with untransformed recipient wheat Yangmai 16. Furthermore, the transcriptional levels of these four defence-related genes and ACO2 gene were significantly elevated in TaCPK7-D-overexpressing plants compared with untransformed recipient wheat plants. These results suggest that TaCPK7-D positively regulates the wheat resistance response to R. cerealis infection through the modulation of the expression of these defence-associated genes, and that TaCPK7-D is a candidate to improve sharp eyespot resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Wei
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fangdi Shen
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yantao Hong
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Rong
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lipu Du
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huijun Xu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lingjian Ma
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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The wheat R2R3-MYB transcription factor TaRIM1 participates in resistance response against the pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis infection through regulating defense genes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28777. [PMID: 27364458 PMCID: PMC4929490 DOI: 10.1038/srep28777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is a major pathogen of sharp eyespot that is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Little is known about roles of MYB genes in wheat defense response to R. cerealis. In this study, TaRIM1, a R. cerealis-induced wheat MYB gene, was identified by transcriptome analysis, then cloned from resistant wheat CI12633, and its function and preliminary mechanism were studied. Sequence analysis showed that TaRIM1 encodes a R2R3-MYB transcription factor with transcription-activation activity. The molecular-biological assays revealed that the TaRIM1 protein localizes to nuclear and can bind to five MYB-binding site cis-elements. Functional dissection results showed that following R. cerealis inoculation, TaRIM1 silencing impaired the resistance of wheat CI12633, whereas TaRIM1 overexpression significantly increased resistance of transgenic wheat compared with susceptible recipient. TaRIM1 positively regulated the expression of five defense genes (Defensin, PR10, PR17c, nsLTP1, and chitinase1) possibly through binding to MYB-binding sites in their promoters. These results suggest that the R2R3-MYB transcription factor TaRIM1 positively regulates resistance response to R. cerealis infection through modulating the expression of a range of defense genes, and that TaRIM1 is a candidate gene to improve sharp eyespot resistance in wheat.
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Huang PY, Catinot J, Zimmerli L. Ethylene response factors in Arabidopsis immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1231-41. [PMID: 26663391 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen attack leads to transcriptional changes and metabolic modifications allowing the establishment of appropriate plant defences. Transcription factors (TFs) are key players in plant innate immunity. Notably, ethylene response factor (ERF) TFs are integrators of hormonal pathways and are directly responsible for the transcriptional regulation of several jasmonate (JA)/ethylene (ET)-responsive defence genes. Transcriptional activation or repression by ERFs is achieved through the binding to JA/ET-responsive gene promoters. In this review, we describe the regulation and mode of action at a molecular level of ERFs involved in Arabidopsis thaliana immunity. In particular, we focus on defence activators such as ERF1, ORA59, ERF6, and the recently described ERF96.
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Rong W, Luo M, Shan T, Wei X, Du L, Xu H, Zhang Z. A Wheat Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase TaCAD12 Contributes to Host Resistance to the Sharp Eyespot Disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1723. [PMID: 27899932 PMCID: PMC5110560 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sharp eyespot, caused mainly by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a destructive disease in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In Arabidopsis, certain cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CADs) have been implicated in monolignol biosynthesis and in defense response to bacterial pathogen infection. However, little is known about CADs in wheat defense responses to necrotrophic or soil-borne pathogens. In this study, we isolate a wheat CAD gene TaCAD12 in response to R. cerealis infection through microarray-based comparative transcriptomics, and study the enzyme activity and defense role of TaCAD12 in wheat. The transcriptional levels of TaCAD12 in sharp eyespot-resistant wheat lines were significantly higher compared with those in susceptible wheat lines. The sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that TaCAD12 belongs to IV group in CAD family. The biochemical assay proved that TaCAD12 protein is an authentic CAD enzyme and possesses catalytic efficiencies toward both coniferyl aldehyde and sinapyl aldehyde. Knock-down of TaCAD12 transcript significantly repressed resistance of the gene-silenced wheat plants to sharp eyespot caused by R. cerealis, whereas TaCAD12 overexpression markedly enhanced resistance of the transgenic wheat lines to sharp eyespot. Furthermore, certain defense genes (Defensin, PR10, PR17c, and Chitinase1) and monolignol biosynthesis-related genes (TaCAD1, TaCCR, and TaCOMT1) were up-regulated in the TaCAD12-overexpressing wheat plants but down-regulated in TaCAD12-silencing plants. These results suggest that TaCAD12 positively contributes to resistance against sharp eyespot through regulation of the expression of certain defense genes and monolignol biosynthesis-related genes in wheat.
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Zhu X, Yang K, Wei X, Zhang Q, Rong W, Du L, Ye X, Qi L, Zhang Z. The wheat AGC kinase TaAGC1 is a positive contributor to host resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:6591-603. [PMID: 26220083 PMCID: PMC4623678 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in understanding the roles of AGC kinases in mammalian systems. However, very little is known about the roles of AGC kinases in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is the major pathogen of the destructive disease sharp eyespot of wheat. In this study, the wheat AGC kinase gene TaAGC1, responding to R. cerealis infection, was isolated, and its properties and role in wheat defence were characterized. R. cerealis-resistant wheat lines expressed TaAGC1 at higher levels than susceptible wheat lines. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that the TaAGC1 protein is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the NDR (nuclear Dbf2-related) subgroup of AGC kinases. Kinase activity assays proved that TaAGC1 is a functional kinase and the Asp-239 residue located in the conserved serine/threonine kinase domain of TaAGC1 is required for the kinase activity. Subcellular localization assays indicated that TaAGC1 localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Virus-induced TaAGC1 silencing revealed that the down-regulation of TaAGC1 transcripts significantly impaired wheat resistance to R. cerealis. The molecular characterization and responses of TaAGC1 overexpressing transgenic wheat plants indicated that TaAGC1 overexpression significantly enhanced resistance to sharp eyespot and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in wheat plants challenged with R. cerealis. Furthermore, ROS-scavenging and certain defence-associated genes were up-regulated in resistant plants overexpressing TaAGC1 but down-regulated in susceptible knock-down plants. These results suggested that the kinase TaAGC1 positively contributes to wheat immunity to R. cerealis through regulating expression of ROS-related and defence-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Yang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuening Wei
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiaofeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wei Rong
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lipu Du
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lin Qi
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Wang A, Wei X, Rong W, Dang L, Du LP, Qi L, Xu HJ, Shao Y, Zhang Z. GmPGIP3 enhanced resistance to both take-all and common root rot diseases in transgenic wheat. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 15:375-81. [PMID: 25487419 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Take-all (caused by the fungal pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Ggt) and common root rot (caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana) are devastating root diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Development of resistant wheat cultivars has been a challenge since no resistant wheat accession is available. GmPGIP3, one member of polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) family in soybean (Glycine max), exhibited inhibition activity against fungal endopolygalacturonases (PGs) in vitro. In this study, the GmPGIP3 transgenic wheat plants were generated and used to assess the effectiveness of GmPGIP3 in protecting wheat from the infection of Ggt and B. sorokiniana. Four independent transgenic lines were identified by genomic PCR, Southern blot, and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The introduced GmPGIP3 was integrated into the genomes of these transgenic lines and could be expressed. The expressing GmPGIP3 protein in these transgenic wheat lines could inhibit the PGs produced by Ggt and B. sorokiniana. The disease response assessments postinoculation showed that the GmPGIP3-expressing transgenic wheat lines displayed significantly enhanced resistance to both take-all and common root rot diseases caused by the infection of Ggt and B. sorokiniana. These data suggested that GmPGIP3 is an attractive gene resource in improving resistance to both take-all and common root rot diseases in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyun Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
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Yang K, Qi L, Zhang Z. Isolation and characterization of a novel wall-associated kinase gene TaWAK5 in wheat (Triticum aestivum). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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