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Busch A, Gerbracht JV, Davies K, Hoecker U, Hess S. Comparative transcriptomics elucidates the cellular responses of an aeroterrestrial zygnematophyte to UV radiation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3624-3642. [PMID: 38520340 PMCID: PMC11156808 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The zygnematophytes are the closest relatives of land plants and comprise several lineages that adapted to a life on land. Species of the genus Serritaenia form colorful, mucilaginous capsules, which surround the cells and block harmful solar radiation, one of the major terrestrial stressors. In eukaryotic algae, this 'sunscreen mucilage' represents a unique photoprotective strategy, whose induction and chemical background are unknown. We generated a de novo transcriptome of Serritaenia testaceovaginata and studied its gene regulation under moderate UV radiation (UVR) that triggers sunscreen mucilage under experimental conditions. UVR induced the repair of DNA and the photosynthetic apparatus as well as the synthesis of aromatic specialized metabolites. Specifically, we observed pronounced expressional changes in the production of aromatic amino acids, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes, potential cross-membrane transporters of phenolics, and extracellular, oxidative enzymes. Interestingly, the most up-regulated enzyme was a secreted class III peroxidase, whose embryophyte homologs are involved in apoplastic lignin formation. Overall, our findings reveal a conserved, plant-like UVR perception system (UVR8 and downstream factors) in zygnematophyte algae and point to a polyphenolic origin of the sunscreen pigment of Serritaenia, whose synthesis might be extracellular and oxidative, resembling that of plant lignins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Busch
- Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jennifer V Gerbracht
- Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kevin Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Ute Hoecker
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, D-50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hess
- Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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Xiao T, Feng S, Liu J, Wang Y, Shangguan X, Yu X, Shen Z, Hu Z, Xia Y. OsGLP8-7 interacts with OsPRX111 to detoxify excess copper in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108564. [PMID: 38555719 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is a phenolic biopolymer generated from phenylpropanoid pathway in the secondary cell wall and is required for defense of plants against various stress. Although the fact of stress-induced lignin deposition has been clearly demonstrated, it remains largely elusive how the formation of lignin is promoted under Cu stress. The present study showed that OsGLP8-7, an extracellular glycoprotein of rice (Oryza sativa L.), plays an important function against Cu stress. The loss function of OsGLP8-7 results in Cu sensitivity whereas overexpression of OsGLP8-7 scavenges Cu-induced superoxide anion (O2•-). OsGLP8-7 interacts with apoplastic peroxidase111 (OsPRX111) and elevates OsPRX111 stability when exposed to excess Cu. In OsGLP8-7 overexpressing (OE) lines, the retention of Cu within cell wall limiting Cu uptake into cytoplasm is attributed to the enhanced lignification required for Cu tolerance. Exogenous application of a lignin inhibitor can impair the Cu tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing OsGLP8-7. In addition, co-expression of OsGLP8-7 and OsPRX111 genes in tobacco leaves leads to an improved lignin deposition compared to leaves expressing each gene individually or the empty vector. Taken together, our findings provided the convincing evidences that the interaction between OsGLP8-7 and OsPRX111 facilitates effectively lignin polymerization, thereby contributing to Cu tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengwei Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuhua Feng
- Heilongjiang Vocational College of Agricultural Engineering, Harbin, 150088, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangchao Shangguan
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Center for Multi-Omics Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Ma N, Sun P, Li ZY, Zhang FJ, Wang XF, You CX, Zhang CL, Zhang Z. Plant disease resistance outputs regulated by AP2/ERF transcription factor family. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:2. [PMID: 38163824 PMCID: PMC10758382 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a complex and elaborate signaling network to respond appropriately to the pathogen invasion by regulating expression of defensive genes through certain transcription factors. The APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) family members have been determined as key regulators in growth, development, and stress responses in plants. Moreover, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated the critical roles of AP2/ERFs in plant disease resistance. In this review, we describe recent advances for the function of AP2/ERFs in defense responses against microbial pathogens. We summarize that AP2/ERFs are involved in plant disease resistance by acting downstream of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, and regulating expression of genes associated with hormonal signaling pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and formation of physical barriers in an MAPK-dependent or -independent manner. The present review provides a multidimensional perspective on the functions of AP2/ERFs in plant disease resistance, which will facilitate the understanding and future investigation on the roles of AP2/ERFs in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Fu-Jun Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Ling Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhenlu Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China.
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Moon S, Derakhshani B, Gho YS, Kim EJ, Lee SK, Jiang X, Lee C, Jung KH. PRX102 Participates in Root Hairs Tip Growth of Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:51. [PMID: 37971600 PMCID: PMC10654324 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are extensions of epidermal cells on the root tips that increase the root contract surface area with the soil. For polar tip growth, newly synthesized proteins and other materials must be incorporated into the tips of root hairs. Here, we report the characterization of PRX102, a root hair preferential endoplasmic reticulum peroxidase. During root hair growth, PRX102 has a polar localization pattern within the tip regions of root hairs but it loses this polarity after growth termination. Moreover, PRX102 participates in root hair outgrowth by regulating dense cytoplasmic streaming toward the tip. This role is distinct from those of other peroxidases playing roles in the root hairs and regulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis. RNA-seq analysis using prx102 root hairs revealed that 87 genes including glutathione S-transferase were downregulated. Our results therefore suggest a new function of peroxidase as a player in the delivery of substances to the tips of growing root hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunok Moon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Behnam Derakhshani
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Yun Shil Gho
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Lee
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Xu Jiang
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Choonseok Lee
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea.
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Zheng C, Li J, Liu H, Wang Y. Review of postharvest processing of edible wild-grown mushrooms. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113223. [PMID: 37803541 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Edible wild-grown mushrooms, plentiful in resources, have excellent organoleptic properties, flavor, nutrition, and bioactive substances. However, fresh mushrooms, which have high water and enzymatic activity, are not protected by cuticles and are easily attacked by microorganisms. And wild-grown mushroom harvesting is seasonal the harvest of edible wild-grown mushrooms is subject to seasonality, so their market availability is challenging. Many processing methods have been used for postharvest mushroom processing, including sun drying, freezing, packaging, electron beam radiation, edible coating, ozone, and cooking, whose effects on the parameters and composition of the mushrooms are not entirely positive. This paper reviews the effect of processing methods on the quality of wild and some cultivated edible mushrooms. Drying and cooking, as thermal processes, reduce hardness, texture, and color browning, with the parallel that drying reduces the content of proteins, polysaccharides, and phenolics while cooking increases the chemical composition. Freezing, which allows mushrooms to retain better hardness, color, and higher chemical content, is a better processing method. Water washing and ozone help maintain color by inhibiting enzymatic browning. Edible coating facilitates the maintenance of hardness and total sugar content. Electrolytic water (EW) maintains total phenol levels and soluble protein content. Pulsed electric field and ultrasound (US) inhibit microbial growth. Frying maintains carbohydrates, lipids, phenolics, and proteins. And the mushrooms processed by these methods are safe. They are the focus of future research that combines different methods or develops new processing methods, molecular mechanisms of chemical composition changes, and exploring the application areas of wild mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmao Zheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Jieqing Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Honggao Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungi Symbiotic Biology, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong 657000, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China.
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Sharma NK, Yadav S, Gupta SK, Irulappan V, Francis A, Senthil-Kumar M, Chattopadhyay D. MicroRNA397 regulates tolerance to drought and fungal infection by regulating lignin deposition in chickpea root. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3501-3517. [PMID: 37427826 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants deposit lignin in the secondary cell wall as a common response to drought and pathogen attacks. Cell wall localised multicopper oxidase family enzymes LACCASES (LACs) catalyse the formation of monolignol radicals and facilitate lignin formation. We show an upregulation of the expression of several LAC genes and a downregulation of microRNA397 (CamiR397) in response to natural drought in chickpea roots. CamiR397 was found to target LAC4 and LAC17L out of twenty annotated LACs in chickpea. CamiR397 and its target genes are expressed in the root. Overexpression of CamiR397 reduced expression of LAC4 and LAC17L and lignin deposition in chickpea root xylem causing reduction in xylem wall thickness. Downregulation of CamiR397 activity by expressing a short tandem target mimic (STTM397) construct increased root lignin deposition in chickpea. CamiR397-overexpressing and STTM397 chickpea lines showed sensitivity and tolerance, respectively, towards natural drought. Infection with a fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina, responsible for dry root rot (DRR) disease in chickpea, induced local lignin deposition and LAC gene expression. CamiR397-overexpressing and STTM397 chickpea lines showed more sensitivity and tolerance, respectively, to DRR. Our results demonstrated the regulatory role of CamiR397 in root lignification during drought and DRR in an agriculturally important crop chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalini Yadav
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Gupta
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vadivelmurugan Irulappan
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Aleena Francis
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Muthappa Senthil-Kumar
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Debasis Chattopadhyay
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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Panda S, R. NK, Pavani S. L, Ganesan S, Singh PK, Sah RP, V. P, Subudhi H, Mahender A, Anandan A, Ali J. Multi-environment evaluation of rice genotypes: impact of weather and culm biochemical parameters against sheath blight infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1280321. [PMID: 37965010 PMCID: PMC10642295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1280321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the major diseases of rice, causing widespread crop losses. The use of semi-dwarf rice varieties in the ongoing nutrient-intensive rice cultivation system has further accentuated the incidence of the disease. An ideal solution to this problem would be identifying a stable sheath blight-tolerant genotype. Material and methods A multi-environment evaluation of 32 rice genotypes against sheath blight infection was conducted over six seasons across two locations (Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (28.18° N, 38.03° E, and 75.5 masl), for four years during the wet seasons (kharif) from 2015 to 2018 and two seasons at the National Rice Research Institute (20°27'09" N, 85°55'57" E, 26 masl), Cuttack, Odisha, during the dry season (rabi) of 2019 and the kharif of 2019, including susceptible and resistant check. Percent disease index data were collected over 4 weeks (on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day after infection), along with data on other morphological and physiological traits. Result and discussion The resistant genotypes across seasons were the ones with a higher hemicellulose content (13.93-14.64) and lower nitrogen content (1.10- 1.31) compared with the susceptible check Tapaswini (G32) (hemicellulose 12.96, nitrogen 1.38), which might explain the resistant reaction. Three different stability models-additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), genotype + genotype x environment (GGE) biplot, and multi-trait stability index (MTSI)-were then used to identify the stable resistant genotypes across six seasons. The results obtained with all three models had common genotypes highlighted as stable and having a low area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values. The ideal stable genotypes with low disease incidence were IC 283139 (G19), Tetep (G28), IC 260917 (G4), and IC 277274 (G10), with AUDPC values of 658.91, 607.46, 479.69, and 547.94, respectively. Weather parameters such as temperature, rainfall, sunshine hours, and relative humidity were also noted daily. Relative humidity was positively correlated with the percent disease index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Panda
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anushandhan (SOA) [Deemed to be University (DU)], Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Naveen kumar R.
- Division of Plant Pathology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack, India
| | - Lalitha Pavani S.
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Plant Biosecurity Division, National Institute of Plant Health Management (NIPHM), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sangeetha Ganesan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Singh
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rameswar Prasad Sah
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack, India
| | - Padmakumar V.
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Hatanath Subudhi
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack, India
| | - Anumalla Mahender
- Rice Breeding Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Annamalai Anandan
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jauhar Ali
- Rice Breeding Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
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Wang W, Rui H, Yu L, Jin N, Liu W, Guo C, Cheng Y, Lou Y. Four-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid Treatment Induces the Defense Resistance of Rice to White-Backed Planthopper Sogatella furcifera. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15722. [PMID: 37958711 PMCID: PMC10648403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical elicitors can increase plant defense against herbivorous insects and pathogens. The use of synthetic chemical elicitors is likely to be an alternative to traditional pesticides for crop pest control. However, only a few synthetic chemicals are reported to protect plants by regulating signaling pathways, increasing the levels of defense metabolites and interfering with insect feeding. Here, we found that the exogenous application of a phenoxycarboxylic compound, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), can induce chemical defenses to protect rice plants from white-backed planthoppers (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera). Four-CPA was rapidly taken up by plant roots and degraded to 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). Four-CPA treatment modulated the activity of peroxidase (POD) and directly induced the deposition of lignin-like polymers using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the electron acceptor. The polymers, which are thought to prevent the planthopper's stylet from reaching the phloem, were broken down by WBPH nymphs. Meanwhile, 4-CPA increased the levels of flavonoids and phenolamines (PAs). The increased flavonoids and PAs, together with the degradation product of the polymers, avoided nymphal feeding and prolonged the nymphal period for 1 day. These results indicate that 4-CPA has the potential to be used as a chemical elicitor to protect rice from planthoppers. Moreover, these findings also open a pathway for molecule structure design of phenoxycarboxylic compounds as chemical elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China; (H.R.); (L.Y.); (W.L.); (C.G.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Haiyun Rui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China; (H.R.); (L.Y.); (W.L.); (C.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China; (H.R.); (L.Y.); (W.L.); (C.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Nuo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Wan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China; (H.R.); (L.Y.); (W.L.); (C.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Chen Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China; (H.R.); (L.Y.); (W.L.); (C.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yumeng Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China; (H.R.); (L.Y.); (W.L.); (C.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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9
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Yarullina L, Cherepanova EA, Burkhanova GF, Sorokan AV, Zaikina EA, Tsvetkov VO, Mardanshin IS, Fatkullin IY, Kalatskaja JN, Yalouskaya NA, Nikalaichuk VV. Stimulation of the Defense Mechanisms of Potatoes to a Late Blight Causative Agent When Treated with Bacillus subtilis Bacteria and Chitosan Composites with Hydroxycinnamic Acids. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1993. [PMID: 37630553 PMCID: PMC10458051 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans is, worldwide, one of the main causal agents of epiphytotics in potato plantings. Prevention strategies demand integrated pest management, including modeling of beneficial microbiomes of agroecosystems combining microorganisms and natural products. Chitooligosaccharides and their derivatives have great potential to be used by agrotechnology due to their ability to elicit plant immune reactions. The effect of combining Bacillus subtilis 26D and 11VM and conjugates of chitin with hydroxycinnamates on late blight pathogenesis was evaluated. Mechanisms for increasing the resistance of potato plants to Phytophthora infestans were associated with the activation of the antioxidant system of plants and an increase in the level of gene transcripts that encode PR proteins: basic protective protein (PR-1), thaumatin-like protein (PR-5), protease inhibitor (PR-6), and peroxidase (PR-9). The revealed activation of the expression of marker genes of systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance under the influence of the combined treatment of plants with B. subtilis and conjugates of chitin with hydroxycinnamates indicates that, in this case, the development of protective reactions in potato plants to late blight proceeds synergistically, where B. subtilis primes protective genes, and chitosan composites act as a trigger for their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Yarullina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.A.C.); (G.F.B.); (A.V.S.); (E.A.Z.); (I.Y.F.)
- Department of Biology, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina A. Cherepanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.A.C.); (G.F.B.); (A.V.S.); (E.A.Z.); (I.Y.F.)
| | - Guzel F. Burkhanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.A.C.); (G.F.B.); (A.V.S.); (E.A.Z.); (I.Y.F.)
| | - Antonina V. Sorokan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.A.C.); (G.F.B.); (A.V.S.); (E.A.Z.); (I.Y.F.)
| | - Evgenia A. Zaikina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.A.C.); (G.F.B.); (A.V.S.); (E.A.Z.); (I.Y.F.)
| | | | - Ildar S. Mardanshin
- Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia;
| | - Ildus Y. Fatkullin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.A.C.); (G.F.B.); (A.V.S.); (E.A.Z.); (I.Y.F.)
| | - Joanna N. Kalatskaja
- Institute of Experimental Botany Named after V. F. Kuprevich of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (J.N.K.); (N.A.Y.)
| | - Ninel A. Yalouskaya
- Institute of Experimental Botany Named after V. F. Kuprevich of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (J.N.K.); (N.A.Y.)
| | - Victoria V. Nikalaichuk
- Institute of New Materials Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Belarus;
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10
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Pokluda R, Ragasová LN, Jurica M, Kalisz A, Komorowska M, Niemiec M, Caruso G, Gąstoł M, Sekara A. The shaping of onion seedlings performance through substrate formulation and co-inoculation with beneficial microorganism consortia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1222557. [PMID: 37521928 PMCID: PMC10382143 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1222557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Smart management in crop cultivation is increasingly supported by application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM), which sustain soil fertility and plant performance. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the effects of consortia composed of (Claroideoglomus claroideum BEG96, Claroideoglomus etunicatum BEG92, Funneliformis geosporum BEG199, Funneliformis mosseae BEG 95, and Rhizophagus irregularis BEG140) and PGPM (Azospirillum brasilense - AZ, or Saccharothrix sp. - S) on onion cultivated in growing media with a composition corresponding to a degraded soil. Methods Three types of substrate formulations were used, with peat:sand ratios of 50:50, 70:30, 100:0 (v:v). The analysis of substrate parameters crucial for its fertility (pH, salinity, sorption complex capacity, and elements' content) and characteristics reflecting onion seedlings' performance (fresh weight, stress biomarkers, and elements' content) was performed. Results AMF colonized onion roots in all treatments, showing increasing potential to form intercellular structures in the substrates rich in organic matter. Additionally, co-inoculation with PGPM microorganisms accelerated arbuscular mycorrhiza establishment. Increased antioxidant activity and glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activity of onion roots sampled from the formulations composed of peat and sand in the ratio of 100:0, inoculated with AMF+S, and positive correlation between GPOX, fresh weight and antioxidant activity of onion roots reflected the successful induction of plant acclimatization response. Total phenols content was the highest in roots and leaves of onion grown in substrates with 70:30 peat:sand ratio, and, in the case of roots, it was correlated with AMF colonization parameters but not with antioxidant activity. Discussion AMF and PGPM efficiency in supporting onion growth should be linked to the increased onion root system capacity in mineral salts absorption, resulting in more efficient aboveground biomass production. AMF and PGPM consortia were effective in releasing minerals to soluble fraction in substrates rich in organic matter, making elements available for uptake by onion root system, though this phenomenon depended on the PGPM species. Microorganism consortia enhanced onion seedlings' performance also in substrates with lower content of organic carbon through plant biofertilization and phytostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pokluda
- Department of Vegetable Sciences and Floriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lucia Nedorost Ragasová
- Department of Vegetable Sciences and Floriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Miloš Jurica
- Department of Vegetable Sciences and Floriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Andrzej Kalisz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Komorowska
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Niemiec
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gianluca Caruso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maciej Gąstoł
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sekara
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
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11
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Liu Y, Liu Q, Li X, Zhang Z, Ai S, Liu C, Ma F, Li C. MdERF114 enhances the resistance of apple roots to Fusarium solani by regulating the transcription of MdPRX63. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2015-2029. [PMID: 36721923 PMCID: PMC10315273 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As the main fungal etiologic agent of apple (Malus domestica) replant disease (ARD), Fusarium solani seriously damages apple roots. Ethylene response factors (ERFs) play an important role in plant resistance to biotic stress. Here, we show that MdERF114 is expressed during F. solani infections and positively regulates the resistance of apple roots to F. solani. Yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and determinations of lignin content indicated that MdERF114 directly binds the GCC-box of the MdPEROXIDASE63 (MdPRX63) promoter and activates its expression, resulting in lignin deposition in apple roots and increased resistance to F. solani. We identified a WRKY family transcription factor, MdWRKY75, that binds to the W-box of the MdERF114 promoter. Overexpression of MdWRKY75 enhanced resistance of apple roots to F. solani. MdMYB8 interacted with MdERF114 to enhance resistance to F. solani by promoting the binding of MdERF114 to the MdPRX63 promoter. In summary, our findings reveal that the MdWRKY75-MdERF114-MdMYB8-MdPRX63 module is required for apple resistance to F. solani and the application of this mechanism by Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated root transformation provides a promising strategy to prevent ARD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qianwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shukang Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | | | - Chao Li
- Author for correspondence: ; (F.M.); (C.L.)
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12
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Li S. Novel insight into functions of ascorbate peroxidase in higher plants: More than a simple antioxidant enzyme. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102789. [PMID: 37352686 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As plants are sessile organisms, they are inevitably exposed to a variety of environmental stimuli that trigger rapid changes in the generation and disposal of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A major H2O2 scavenging system in plant cells is the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, in which ascorbate peroxidase (APX) catalyzes the conversion of H2O2 into water employing ascorbate as specific electron donor. In higher plants, distinct APX isoforms can occur in multiple subcellular compartments, including chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes and the cytosol, to modulate organellar and cellular levels of H2O2. It is well established that APX plays crucial roles in protecting plant cells against diverse environmental stresses, as well as in plant growth and development. Apart from ascorbate, recently, APXs have been found to have a broader substrate specificity and possess chaperone activity, hence participating various biological processes. In this review, we describe the antioxidant properties of APXs and highlight their novel roles beyond 'ascorbate peroxidases'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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13
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Zhang H, Zhou J, Kou X, Liu Y, Zhao X, Qin G, Wang M, Qian G, Li W, Huang Y, Wang X, Zhao Z, Li S, Wu X, Jiang L, Feng X, Zhu JK, Li L. Syntaxin of plants71 plays essential roles in plant development and stress response via regulating pH homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1198353. [PMID: 37342145 PMCID: PMC10277689 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1198353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
SYP71, a plant-specific Qc-SNARE with multiple subcellular localization, is essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in nodules in Lotus, and is implicated in plant resistance to pathogenesis in rice, wheat and soybean. Arabidopsis SYP71 is proposed to participate in multiple membrane fusion steps during secretion. To date, the molecular mechanism underlying SYP71 regulation on plant development remains elusive. In this study, we clarified that AtSYP71 is essential for plant development and stress response, using techniques of cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and transcriptomics. AtSYP71-knockout mutant atsyp71-1 was lethal at early development stage due to the failure of root elongation and albinism of the leaves. AtSYP71-knockdown mutants, atsyp71-2 and atsyp71-3, had short roots, delayed early development, and altered stress response. The cell wall structure and components changed significantly in atsyp71-2 due to disrupted cell wall biosynthesis and dynamics. Reactive oxygen species homeostasis and pH homeostasis were also collapsed in atsyp71-2. All these defects were likely resulted from blocked secretion pathway in the mutants. Strikingly, change of pH value significantly affected ROS homeostasis in atsyp71-2, suggesting interconnection between ROS and pH homeostasis. Furthermore, we identified AtSYP71 partners and propose that AtSYP71 forms distinct SNARE complexes to mediate multiple membrane fusion steps in secretory pathway. Our findings suggest that AtSYP71 plays an essential role in plant development and stress response via regulating pH homeostasis through secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyue Kou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guochen Qin
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Weifang, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangtao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongshun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Advanced Bioindustry Technologies, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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14
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Liu R, Lv X, Wang X, Yang L, Cao J, Dai Y, Wu W, Wu Y. Integrative analysis of the multi-omics reveals the stripe rust fungus resistance mechanism of the TaPAL in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1174450. [PMID: 37342140 PMCID: PMC10277697 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1174450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the major food crops in the world. However, stripe rust fungus significantly decreases wheat yield and quality. In the present study, transcriptomic and metabolite analyses were conducted in R88 (resistant line) and CY12 (susceptible cultivar) during Pst-CYR34 infection due to the limited availability of information regarding the underlying mechanisms governing wheat-pathogen interactions. The results revealed that Pst infection promoted the genes and metabolites involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The key enzyme gene TaPAL to regulate lignin and phenolic synthesis has a positive resistance contribution to Pst in wheat, which was verified by the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique. The distinctive resistance of R88 is regulated by the selective expression of genes involved in the fine-tuning of wheat-Pst interactions. Furthermore, metabolome analysis suggested that lignin biosynthesis-related metabolite accumulation was significantly affected by Pst. These results help to elucidate the regulatory networks of wheat-Pst interactions and pave the way for durable resistance breeding in wheat, which may ease environmental and food crises around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering of Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Xue Lv
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering of Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Li Yang
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology, Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering of Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Ya Dai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering of Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Wang Wu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering of Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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15
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Shafi A, Khan RS, Mir S, Khan GH, Masoodi KZ, Sofi NR, Mohidin FA, Lone JA, Shikari AB. Gene expression of near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying blast resistance genes Pi9 and Pi54 in the background of rice cultivar Mushk Budji. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08475-5. [PMID: 37245171 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kashmir valley, India is a homeland to rice landraces like Zag, Nunbeoul, Qadirbeigh, Kawkadur, Kamad, Mushk Budji, etc., generally characterized by short grains, aroma, earliness and cold tolerance. Mushk Budji is a commercially important speciality rice known for its taste and aroma, nonetheless, is extremely vulnerable to blast disease. Through the use of the marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) approach, a set of 24 Near-isogenic lines (NILs) was created, and the lines with the highest background genome recovery were chosen. The expression analysis was carried out for the component genes and other eight pathway genes related to blast resistance. RESULTS The major blast resistance genes Pi9 (from IRBL-9W) and Pi54 (from DHMAS 70Q 164-1b) were incorporated following simultaneous-but-step-wise MABC. The NILs harbouring genes Pi9 + Pi54, Pi9 and Pi54 expressed resistance to isolate (Mo-nwi-kash-32) under controlled and natural field conditions. The loci controlling ETI (effector triggered immunity) included the gene Pi9 and showed 61.18 and 60.27 fold change in relative gene expression in Pi54 + Pi9 and Pi9 carrying NILs against RP Mushk Budji. Pi54 was up regulated and showed 41 and 21 fold change in relative gene expression for NIL-Pi54 + Pi9 and NIL-Pi54, respectively. Among the pathway genes, LOC_Os01g60600 (WRKY 108) recorded 8 and 7.5 fold up regulation in Pi9 and Pi54 NILs. CONCLUSION The NILs showed recurrent parent genome recovery (RPG) per cent of 81.67 to 92.54 and were on par in performance to recurrent parent Mushk Budji. The lines were utilized to study the expression of the loci controlling WRKYs, peroxidases and chitinases that confer overall ETI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshana Shafi
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, J&K, 190 025, India
| | - Raheel Shafeeq Khan
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Wadura, J&K, 193 201, India
| | - Saba Mir
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, J&K, 192 102, India
| | - Gazala H Khan
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, J&K, 192 102, India
| | - K Z Masoodi
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, J&K, 190 025, India
| | - Najeebul Rehman Sofi
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, J&K, 192 102, India
| | - F A Mohidin
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, J&K, 192 102, India
| | - Javeed A Lone
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, J&K, 192 102, India
| | - Asif Bashir Shikari
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Wadura, J&K, 193 201, India.
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16
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Luo G, Shen Y, Wu K, Yang H, Wu C, Chang X, Tian W. Evaluation of inducing activity of CIP elicitors from diverse sources based on monosaccharide composition and physiological indicators. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 285:154002. [PMID: 37149979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Application of elicitors can greatly enhance plant immune resistance against pathogens. However, it is still obscure whether elicitor activity is influenced by diverse sources. This study investigated the effect of foliar spraying of 19 batches of Chrysanthemum indicum polysaccharides (CIPs) on the disease resistance of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (A. macrocephala) and explored the main reasons for the differences of inducing activity of CIP elicitors. PCA, OPLS-DA, grey relational analysis and entropy weight method had good predictability for the activity evaluation of CIP elicitors and other plant-derived elicitors. The results showed that 19 batches of CIPs had definite regional differences in inducing activity and monosaccharide content. CIP elicitors with high inducing activity could significantly increase the accumulation of Atractylenolide Ⅱ and Atractylenolide Ⅲ, the mRNA relative transcription level of CAT, POD, PAL genes, the amount of pH change in the medium and effectively reduce the disease index of A. macrocephala. Furthermore, CIP with high inducing activity exhibited the high contents of Rha, Ara and GalA, which might be the main contributor to their high activity. The evaluation procedure developed in this work can be applied for screening CIP elicitors with high inducing activity, and it lays a foundation for identifying more functional elicitors related to plant immune resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Luo
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Yirui Shen
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Kun Wu
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Huining Yang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Chuntao Wu
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xiangbing Chang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Wei Tian
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
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17
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Zhang B, Lewis JA, Vermerris W, Sattler SE, Kang C. A sorghum ascorbate peroxidase with four binding sites has activity against ascorbate and phenylpropanoids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:102-118. [PMID: 36575825 PMCID: PMC10152656 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In planta, H2O2 is produced as a by-product of enzymatic reactions and during defense responses. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a key enzyme involved in scavenging cytotoxic H2O2. Here, we report the crystal structure of cytosolic APX from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) (Sobic.001G410200). While the overall structure of SbAPX was similar to that of other APXs, SbAPX uniquely displayed four bound ascorbates rather than one. In addition to the ɣ-heme pocket identified in other APXs, ascorbates were bound at the δ-meso and two solvent-exposed pockets. Consistent with the presence of multiple binding sites, our results indicated that the H2O2-dependent oxidation of ascorbate displayed positive cooperativity. Bound ascorbate at two surface sites established an intricate proton network with ascorbate at the ɣ-heme edge and δ-meso sites. Based on crystal structures, steady-state kinetics, and site-directed mutagenesis results, both ascorbate molecules at the ɣ-heme edge and the one at the surface are expected to participate in the oxidation reaction. We provide evidence that the H2O2-dependent oxidation of ascorbate by APX produces a C2-hydrated bicyclic hemiketal form of dehydroascorbic acid at the ɣ-heme edge, indicating two successive electron transfers from a single-bound ascorbate. In addition, the δ-meso site was shared with several organic compounds, including p-coumaric acid and other phenylpropanoids, for the potential radicalization reaction. Site-directed mutagenesis of the critical residue at the ɣ-heme edge (R172A) only partially reduced polymerization activity. Thus, APX removes stress-generated H2O2 with ascorbates, and also uses this same H2O2 to potentially fortify cell walls via oxidative polymerization of phenylpropanoids in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Jacob A Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Wilfred Vermerris
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, UF Genetics Institute, and Florida Center for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Scott E Sattler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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18
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Sun N, Hu J, Li C, Wang X, Gai Y, Jiang X. Fusion gene 4CL-CCR promotes lignification in tobacco suspension cells. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:939-952. [PMID: 36964306 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The fusion gene 4CL-CCR promotes lignification and activates lignin-related MYB expression in tobacco but inhibits auxin-related gene expression and hinders the auxin absorption of cells. Given the importance of lignin polymers in plant growth and their industrial value, it is necessary to investigate how plants synthesize monolignols and regulate the level of lignin in cell walls. In our previous study, expression of the Populus tomentosa fusion gene 4CL-CCR significantly promoted the production of 4-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols. However, the function of 4CL-CCR in organisms remains poorly understood. In this study, the fusion gene 4CL-CCR was heterologously expressed in tobacco suspension cells. We found that the transgenic suspension cells exhibited lignification earlier. Furthermore, 4CL-CCR significantly reduced the content of phenolic acids and increased the content of aldehydes in the medium, which led to an increase in lignin deposition. Moreover, transcriptome results showed that the genes related to lignin synthesis, such as PAL, 4CL, CCoAOMT and CAD, were significantly upregulated in the 4CL-CCR group. The expression of genes related to auxin, such as ARF3, ARF5 and ARF6, was significantly downregulated. The downregulation of auxin affected the expression of transcription factor MYBs. We hypothesize that the upregulated genes MYB306 and MYB315 are involved in the regulation of cell morphogenesis and lignin biosynthesis and eventually enhance lignification in tobacco suspension cells. Our findings provide insight into the function of 4CL-CCR in lignification and how secondary cell walls are formed in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ying Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology , Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Nunes TDG, Berg LS, Slawinska MW, Zhang D, Redt L, Sibout R, Vogel JP, Laudencia-Chingcuanco D, Jesenofsky B, Lindner H, Raissig MT. Regulation of hair cell and stomatal size by a hair cell-specific peroxidase in the grass Brachypodium distachyon. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1844-1854.e6. [PMID: 37086717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The leaf epidermis is the outermost cell layer forming the interface between plants and the atmosphere that must both provide a robust barrier against (a)biotic stressors and facilitate carbon dioxide uptake and leaf transpiration.1 To achieve these opposing requirements, the plant epidermis developed a wide range of specialized cell types such as stomata and hair cells. Although factors forming these individual cell types are known,2,3,4,5 it is poorly understood how their number and size are coordinated. Here, we identified a role for BdPRX76/BdPOX, a class III peroxidase, in regulating hair cell and stomatal size in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. In bdpox mutants, prickle hair cells were smaller and stomata were longer. Because stomatal density remained unchanged, the negative correlation between stomatal size and density was disrupted in bdpox and resulted in higher stomatal conductance and lower intrinsic water-use efficiency. BdPOX was exclusively expressed in hair cells, suggesting that BdPOX cell-autonomously promotes hair cell size and indirectly restricts stomatal length. Cell-wall autofluorescence and lignin stainings indicated a role for BdPOX in the lignification or crosslinking of related phenolic compounds at the hair cell base. Ectopic expression of BdPOX in the stomatal lineage increased phenolic autofluorescence in guard cell (GC) walls and restricted stomatal elongation in bdpox. Together, we highlight a developmental interplay between hair cells and stomata that optimizes epidermal functionality. We propose that cell-type-specific changes disrupt this interplay and lead to compensatory developmental defects in other epidermal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago D G Nunes
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lea S Berg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena W Slawinska
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dan Zhang
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonie Redt
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Sibout
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRAE, Nantes 44300, France
| | - John P Vogel
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Barbara Jesenofsky
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Lindner
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael T Raissig
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland.
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20
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Labancová E, Vivodová Z, Šípošová K, Kollárová K. Silicon Actuates Poplar Calli Tolerance after Longer Exposure to Antimony. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:689. [PMID: 36771773 PMCID: PMC9919072 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antimony (Sb) in high concentrations in the environment is recognized as an emerging problem worldwide. The toxicity of Sb in plant tissues is known; however, new methods of plant tolerance improvement must be addressed. Here, poplar callus (Populus alba L. var. pyramidallis) exposed to Sb(III) in 0.2 mM concentration and/or to silicon (Si) in 5 mM concentration was cultivated in vitro to determine the impact of Sb/Si interaction in the tissue. The Sb and Si uptake, growth, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol-peroxidase (G-POX), nutrient concentrations, and the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments were investigated. To elucidate the action of Si during the Sb-induced stress, the impact of short and long cultivations was determined. Silicon decreased the accumulation of Sb in the calli, regardless of the length of the cultivation (by approx. 34%). Antimony lowered the callus biomass (by approx. 37%) and decreased the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments (up to 78.5%) and nutrients in the tissue (up to 21.7%). Silicon supported the plant tolerance to Sb via the modification of antioxidant enzyme activity, which resulted in higher biomass production (increased by approx. 35%) and a higher uptake of nutrients from the media (increased by approx. 10%). Silicon aided the development of Sb-tolerance over the longer cultivation period. These results are key in understanding the action of Si-developed tolerance against metalloids.
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21
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Zhang B, Lewis JA, Kovacs F, Sattler SE, Sarath G, Kang C. Activity of Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) from Panicum virgatum against Ascorbate and Phenylpropanoids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1778. [PMID: 36675291 PMCID: PMC9864165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
APX is a key antioxidant enzyme in higher plants, scavenging H2O2 with ascorbate in several cellular compartments. Here, we report the crystal structures of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L., Pvi), a strategic feedstock plant with several end uses. The overall structure of PviAPX was similar to the structures of other APX family members, with a bound ascorbate molecule at the ɣ-heme edge pocket as in other APXs. Our results indicated that the H2O2-dependent oxidation of ascorbate displayed positive cooperativity. Significantly, our study suggested that PviAPX can oxidize a broad range of phenylpropanoids with δ-meso site in a rather similar efficiency, which reflects its role in the fortification of cell walls in response to insect feeding. Based on detailed structural and kinetic analyses and molecular docking, as well as that of closely related APX enzymes, the critical residues in each substrate-binding site of PviAPX are proposed. Taken together, these observations shed new light on the function and catalysis of PviAPX, and potentially benefit efforts improve plant health and biomass quality in bioenergy and forage crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jacob A. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Frank Kovacs
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Scott E. Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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22
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Leong R, Tan JJ, Koh SS, Wu TY, Ishizaki K, Urano D. G protein signaling and metabolic pathways as evolutionarily conserved mechanisms to combat calcium deficiency. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:615-630. [PMID: 36266966 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) deficiency causes necrotic symptoms of foliar edges known as tipburn; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms have been poorly understood due to the lack of an ideal plant model and research platform. Using a phenotyping system that quantitates growth and tipburn traits in the model bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha, we evaluated metabolic compounds and the Gβ-null mutant (gpb1) that modulate the occurrence and expansion of the tipburn. Transcriptomic comparisons between wild-type and gpb1 plants revealed the phenylalanine/phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) important for Ca deficiency responses. gpb1 plants reduced ROS production possibly through transcriptomic regulations of class III peroxidases and induced the expression of phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes without changing downstream lignin contents. Supplementation of intermediate metabolites and chemical inhibitors further confirmed the cell-protective mechanisms of the phenylpropanoid and ROS pathways. Marchantia polymorpha, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Lactuca sativa showed comparable transcriptomic changes where genes related to phenylpropanoid and ROS pathways were enriched in response to Ca deficiency. In conclusion, our study demonstrated unresolved signaling and metabolic pathways of Ca deficiency response. The phenotyping platform can speed up the discovery of chemical and genetic pathways, which could be widely conserved between M. polymorpha and angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richalynn Leong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory Ltd, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, 117604, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Javier Jingheng Tan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory Ltd, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, 117604, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Sally Shuxian Koh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory Ltd, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, 117604, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Ting-Ying Wu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory Ltd, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, 117604, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Urano
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory Ltd, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, 117604, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore City, Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117583, Singapore City, Singapore
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23
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Peng R, Sun S, Li N, Kong L, Chen Z, Wang P, Xu L, Wang H, Geng X. Physiological and transcriptome profiling revealed defense networks during Cladosporium fulvum and tomato interaction at the early stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1085395. [PMID: 36561446 PMCID: PMC9763619 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1085395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tomato leaf mold caused by Cladosporium fulvum (C. fulvum) is a serious fungal disease which results in huge yield losses in tomato cultivation worldwide. In our study, we discovered that ROS (reactive oxygen species) burst was triggered by C. fulvum treatment in tomato leaves. RNA-sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by C. fulvum inoculation at the early stage of invasion in susceptible tomato plants. Gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to annotate functions of DEGs in tomato plants. Based on our comparative analysis, DEGs related to plant-pathogen interaction pathway, plant hormone signal transduction pathway and the plant phenylpropanoid pathway were further analyzed. Our results discovered that a number of core defense genes against fungal invasion were induced and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were impacted by C. fulvum inoculation. Further, our results showed that SA (salicylic acid) and ABA (abscisic acid) contents were accumulated while JA (jasmonic acid) content decreased after C. fulvum inoculation in comparison with control, and quantitative real-time PCR to detect the relative expression of genes involved in SA, ABA and JA signaling pathway further confirmed our results. Together, results will contribute to understanding the mechanisms of C. fulvum and tomato interaction in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Peng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjuan Kong
- Vegetable Department, Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- College of Biology and Agricultural Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lurong Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hehe Wang
- Clemson University, Edisto Research and Education Center, Blackville, SC, United States
| | - Xueqing Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Jeong YJ, Kim YC, Lee JS, Kim DG, Lee JH. Reduced Expression of PRX2/ ATPRX1, PRX8, PRX35, and PRX73 Affects Cell Elongation, Vegetative Growth, and Vasculature Structures in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3353. [PMID: 36501391 PMCID: PMC9740967 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Class III peroxidases (PRXs) are involved in a broad spectrum of physiological and developmental processes throughout the life cycle of plants. However, the specific function of each PRX member in the family remains largely unknown. In this study, we selected four class III peroxidase genes (PRX2/ATPRX1, PRX8, PRX35, and PRX73) from a previous genome-wide transcriptome analysis, and performed phenotypic and morphological analyses, including histochemical staining, in PRX2RNAi, PRX8RNAi, PRX35RNAi, and PRX73RNAi plants. The reduced mRNA levels of corresponding PRX genes in PRX2RNAi, PRX8RNAi, PRX35RNAi, and PRX73RNAi seedlings resulted in elongated hypocotyls and roots, and slightly faster vegetative growth. To investigate internal structural changes in the vasculature, we performed histochemical staining, which revealed alterations in cell wall structures in the main vasculature of hypocotyls, stems, and roots of each PRXRNAi plant compared to wild-type (Col-0) plants. Furthermore, we found that PRX35RNAi plants displayed the decrease in the cell wall in vascular regions, which are involved in downregulation of lignin biosynthesis and biosynthesis-regulated genes' expression. Taken together, these results indicated that the reduced expression levels of PRX2/ATPRX1, PRX8, PRX35, and PRX73 affected hypocotyl and root elongation, vegetative growth, and the vasculature structures in hypocotyl, stem, and root tissues, suggesting that the four class III PRX genes play roles in plant developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jeong Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheon Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - June Seung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gwan Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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25
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Esposito S, Taranto F, Vitale P, Ficco DBM, Colecchia SA, Stevanato P, De Vita P. Unlocking the molecular basis of wheat straw composition and morphological traits through multi-locus GWAS. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:519. [PMID: 36344939 PMCID: PMC9641881 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid reductions in emissions from fossil fuel burning are needed to curb global climate change. Biofuel production from crop residues can contribute to reducing the energy crisis and environmental deterioration. Wheat is a renewable source for biofuels owing to the low cost and high availability of its residues. Thus, identifying candidate genes controlling these traits is pivotal for efficient biofuel production. Here, six multi-locus genome-wide association (ML-GWAS) models were applied using 185 tetraploid wheat accessions to detect quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) for fifteen traits associated with biomass composition. RESULTS Among the 470 QTNs, only 72 identified by at least two models were considered as reliable. Among these latter, 16 also showed a significant effect on the corresponding trait (p.value < 0.05). Candidate genes survey carried out within 4 Mb flanking the QTNs, revealed putative biological functions associated with lipid transfer and metabolism, cell wall modifications, cell cycle, and photosynthesis. Four genes encoded as Cellulose Synthase (CeSa), Anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), Glucoronoxylan 4-O Methyltransferase (GXM) and HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 (HYL1) might be responsible for an increase in cellulose, and natural and acid detergent fiber (NDF and ADF) content in tetraploid wheat. In addition, the SNP marker RFL_Contig3228_2154 associated with the variation in stem solidness (Q.Scsb-3B) was validated through two molecular methods (High resolution melting; HRM and RNase H2-dependent PCR; rhAMP). CONCLUSIONS The study provides new insights into the genetic basis of biomass composition traits on tetraploid wheat. The application of six ML-GWAS models on a panel of diverse wheat genotypes represents an efficient approach to dissect complex traits with low heritability such as wheat straw composition. The discovery of genes/genomic regions associated with biomass production and straw quality parameters is expected to accelerate the development of high-yielding wheat varieties useful for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Esposito
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Taranto
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, (CNR-IBBR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitale
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Donatella Bianca Maria Ficco
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Antonio Colecchia
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Legnaro Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Identification of KFB Family in Moso Bamboo Reveals the Potential Function of PeKFB9 Involved in Stress Response and Lignin Polymerization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012568. [PMID: 36293422 PMCID: PMC9604269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kelch repeat F-box (KFB) protein is an important E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been demonstrated to perform an important post-translational regulatory role in plants by mediating multiple biological processes. Despite their importance, KFBs have not yet been identified and characterized in bamboo. In this study, 19 PeKFBs were identified with F-box and Kelch domains; genes encoding these PeKFBs were unevenly distributed across 12 chromosomes of moso bamboo. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the PeKFBs were divided into eight subclades based on similar gene structures and highly conserved motifs. A tissue-specific gene expression analysis showed that the PeKFBs were differentially expressed in various tissues of moso bamboo. All the promoters of the PeKFBs contained stress-related cis-elements, which was supported by the differentially expression of PeKFBs of moso bamboo under drought and cold stresses. Sixteen proteins were screened from the moso bamboo shoots' cDNA library using PeKFB9 as a bait through a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay. Moreover, PeKFB9 physically interacted with PeSKP1-like-1 and PePRX72-1, which mediated the activity of peroxidase in proteolytic turnover. Taken together, these findings improved our understanding of PeKFBs, especially in response to stresses, and laid a foundation for revealing the molecular mechanism of PeKFB9 in regulating lignin polymerization by degrading peroxidase.
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Santamaría‐Hernando S, De Bruyne L, Höfte M, Ramos‐González M. Improvement of fitness and biocontrol properties of
Pseudomonas putida
via an extracellular heme peroxidase. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2652-2666. [PMID: 35986900 PMCID: PMC9518985 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular 373‐kDa PehA heme peroxidase of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 has two enzymatic domains which depend on heme cofactor for their peroxidase activity. A null pehA mutant was generated to examine the impact of PehA in rhizosphere colonization competence and the induction of plant systemic resistance (ISR). This mutant was not markedly hampered in colonization efficiency. However, increase in pehA dosage enhanced colonization fitness about 30 fold in the root and 900 fold in the root apex. In vitro assays with purified His‐tagged enzymatic domains of PehA indicated that heme‐dependent peroxidase activity was required for the enhancement of root tip colonization. Evaluation of live/dead cells confirmed that overexpression of pehA had a positive effect on bacterial cell viability. Following root colonization of rice plants by KT2440 strain, the incidence of rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae was reduced by 65% and the severity of this disease was also diminished in comparison to non‐treated plants. An increase in the pehA dosage was also beneficial for the control of rice blast as compared with gene inactivation. The results suggest that PehA helps P. putida to cope with the plant‐imposed oxidative stress leading to enhanced colonization ability and concomitant ISR‐elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saray Santamaría‐Hernando
- Department of Environmental Protection Estación Experimental de Zaidín‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Granada Spain
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Lieselotte De Bruyne
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - María‐Isabel Ramos‐González
- Department of Environmental Protection Estación Experimental de Zaidín‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Granada Spain
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Wang Y, Luo H, Wang H, Xiang Z, Wei S, Zheng W. Comparative transcriptome analysis of rice cultivars resistant and susceptible to Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:606. [PMID: 35986248 PMCID: PMC9392349 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rice sheath blight, which is caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is the most destructive disease affecting rice production, but the resistance mechanism to this pathogen has not been fully elucidated. Results In this study, we selected two rice cultivars based on their resistance to the pathogen and analyzed and compared the transcriptomic profiles of two cultivars, the moderately resistant variety Gangyuan8 and the highly susceptible variety Yanfeng47, at different time points after inoculation. The comparative transcriptome profiling showed that the expression of related genes gradually increased after pathogen inoculation. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Yanfeng47 was higher than that in Gangyuan8, and this result revealed that Yanfeng47 was more susceptible to fungal attack. At the early stage (24 and 48 h), the accumulation of resistance genes and a resistance metabolism occurred earlier in Ganguan8 than in Yanfeng47, and the resistance enrichment entries were more abundant in Ganguan8 than in Yanfeng47. Conclusions Based on the GO and KEGG enrichment analyses at five infection stages, we concluded that phenylalanine metabolism and the jasmonic acid pathway play a crucial role in the resistance of rice to sheath blight. Through a comparative transcriptome analysis, we preliminarily analyzed the molecular mechanism responsible for resistance to sheath blight in rice, and the results lay the foundation for the development of gene mining and functional research on rice resistance to sheath blight. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08816-x.
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Wang X, Chen Y, Sun X, Li J, Zhang R, Jiao Y, Wang R, Song W, Zhao J. Characteristics and candidate genes associated with excellent stalk strength in maize ( Zea mays L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:957566. [PMID: 35968121 PMCID: PMC9367994 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.957566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lodging is a major problem in maize production, which seriously affects yield and hinders mechanized harvesting. Improving stalk strength is an effective way to improve lodging. The maize inbred line Jing2416 (J2416) was an elite germplasm in maize breeding which had strong stalk mechanical strength. To explore the characteristics its stalk strength, we conducted physiological, metabolic and transcriptomic analyses of J2416 and its parents Jing24 (J24) and 5237. At the kernel dent stage, the stalk rind penetrometer strength of J2416 was significantly higher than those of its two parents in multiple environments. The rind thickness, sclerenchyma tissue thickness, and cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of J2416 were significantly higher than those of its parents. Based on the significant differences between J2416 and 5237, we detected metabolites and gene transcripts showing differences in abundance between these two materials. A total of 212 (68.60%) metabolites and 2287 (43.34%) genes were up-regulated in J2416 compared with 5237. The phenylpropanoid and glycan synthesis/metabolism pathways were enriched in metabolites and genes that were up-regulated in J2416. Twenty-eight of the up-regulated genes in J2416 were involved in lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose synthesis pathways. These analyses have revealed important physiological characteristics and candidate genes that will be useful for research and breeding of inbred lines with excellent stalk strength.
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Cocozza C, Bartolini P, Brunetti C, Miozzi L, Pignattelli S, Podda A, Scippa GS, Trupiano D, Rotunno S, Brilli F, Maserti BE. Modulation of class III peroxidase pathways and phenylpropanoids in Arundo donax under salt and phosphorus stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 183:151-159. [PMID: 35598532 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arundo donax L. is an invasive species that has been recently employed for biomass production due to its well-known ability to colonize harsh environment. Based on previous observations, the present study investigated the potential role of phenylpropanoids and class III peroxidases to confer adaptation through biochemical and transcriptomic analysis in A. donax after Na+ and P excess supply, both in single stress and in combination, and after growth at low P level. The levels of hydrogen peroxide, flavonoids (i.e., quercetin, apigenin and kaempferol derivatives) and the activity of class III peroxidases, as well as the expression of several genes encoding for their enzymes involved in their biosynthesis, increased when Na+ was supplied in combination with P. These results suggest that those biomolecules are involved in the response of A. donax, to the presence of +Na and P in the soil. Moreover, even though at the sampling time no significant accumulation of lignin has been determined, the trend of accumulation of such metabolite and most of all the increase of several transcripts involved in its synthesis was found. This work for the first time indicates the need for further investigation devoted to elucidating whether the strengthening of cell walls via lignin synthesis is one of the mechanisms used by A. donax to adapt to harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cocozza
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50145, Florence, Italy.
| | - P Bartolini
- CNR-IPSP- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - C Brunetti
- CNR-IPSP- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - L Miozzi
- CNR-IPSP- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - S Pignattelli
- CNR-IBBR - Institute of Biosciences and Bioresourses, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A Podda
- CNR-IPSP- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - G S Scippa
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090, Pesche, Italy
| | - D Trupiano
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090, Pesche, Italy
| | - S Rotunno
- CNR-IPSP- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy; Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090, Pesche, Italy
| | - F Brilli
- CNR-IPSP- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - B E Maserti
- CNR-IPSP- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Wang R, Chen X, Wang S, Wei H, Wei Z. PtrWOX13A Promotes Wood Formation and Bioactive Gibberellins Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:835035. [PMID: 35837467 PMCID: PMC9274204 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.835035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) involved in multiple processes of plant development. However, there have hitherto no studies on the WOX TFs involved in secondary cell wall (SCW) formation been reported. In this study, we identified a Populus trichocarpa WOX gene, PtrWOX13A, which was predominantly expressed in SCW, and then characterized its functions through generating PtrWOX13A overexpression poplar transgenic lines; these lines exhibited not only significantly enhanced growth potential, but also remarkably increased SCW thicknesses, fiber lengths, and lignin and hemicellulose contents. However, no obvious change in cellulose content was observed. We revealed that PtrWOX13A directly activated its target genes through binding to two cis-elements, ATTGATTG and TTAATSS, in their promoter regions. The fact that PtrWOX13A responded to the exogenous GAs implies that it is responsive to GA homeostasis caused by GA inactivation and activation genes (e.g., PtrGA20ox4, PtrGA2ox1, and PtrGA3ox1), which were regulated by PtrWOX13A directly or indirectly. Since the master switch gene of SCW formation, PtrWND6A, and lignin biosynthesis regulator, MYB28, significantly increased in PtrWOX13A transgenic lines, we proposed that PtrWOX13A, as a higher hierarchy TF, participated in SCW formation through controlling the genes that are components of the known hierarchical transcription regulation network of poplar SCW formation, and simultaneously triggering a gibberellin-mediated signaling cascade. The discovery of PtrWOX13A predominantly expressed in SCW and its regulatory functions in the poplar wood formation has important implications for improving the wood quality of trees via genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuebing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hairong Wei
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
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32
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Characterization of Oligopeptides in Solanum lycopersicum Xylem Exudates. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040592. [PMID: 35455083 PMCID: PMC9028419 DOI: 10.3390/life12040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The xylem is the main pathway for the transport of water and molecules from roots to shoots. To date, it has been reported that secreted oligopeptides mediate root-to-shoot signaling, and some long-distance mobile oligopeptides have been detected in xylem exudates. However, the conservation of a number of oligopeptides and the overall features of peptide fragments contained in xylem exudates are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of small proteins and peptides in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) xylem exudates and characterized the identified peptide fragments. We found that putative secreted proteins were enriched in xylem exudates compared with all proteins in the tomato protein database. We identified seven oligopeptides that showed common features of bioactive oligopeptides, including homologs of CLV3/ESR-related (CLE), C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP), and CASPARIAN STRIP INTEGRITY FACTOR (CIF) peptides. Furthermore, five of the identified oligopeptides were homologs of the soybean xylem exudate-associated oligopeptides that we previously reported. Our results suggest that oligopeptides in xylem exudates are conserved across plant species and provide insights into not only root-to-shoot signaling but also the maintenance of the xylem conduit.
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33
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Liu Y, Cao X, Yue L, Wang C, Tao M, Wang Z, Xing B. Foliar-applied cerium oxide nanomaterials improve maize yield under salinity stress: Reactive oxygen species homeostasis and rhizobacteria regulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118900. [PMID: 35085650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress seriously threatens agricultural productivity and food security worldwide. This work reports on the mechanisms of alleviating salinity stress by cerium oxide nanomaterials (CeO2 NMs) in maize (Zea may L.). Soil-grown maize plants were irrigated with deionized water or 100 mM NaCl solution as the control or the salinity stress treatment. CeO2 NMs (1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/L) with antioxidative enzyme mimicking activities were foliarly applied on maize leaves for 7 days. The morphological, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic responses of maize were evaluated. Specifically, salinity stress significantly reduced 59.0% and 63.8% in maize fresh and dry biomass, respectively. CeO2 NMs at 10, 20, and 50 mg/L improved the salt tolerance of maize by 69.5%, 69.1%, and 86.8%, respectively. Also, 10 mg/L CeO2 NMs maintained Na+/K+ homeostasis, enhanced photosynthetic efficiency by 30.8%, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by 58.5% in salt-stressed maize leaves. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the antioxidative defense system-related genes recovered to the normal control level after CeO2 NMs application, indicating that CeO2 NMs eliminated ROS through their intrinsic antioxidative enzyme properties. The down-regulation of genes related to lignin synthesis in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway accelerated leaf cell elongation. In addition, CeO2 NMs increased the rhizobacteria richness and diversity through the increment of carbon source in root exudates and improved the abundance of halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (HT-PGPR). Importantly, the yield of salt-stressed maize was enhanced by 293.3% after 10 mg/L CeO2 NMs foliar application. These results will provide new insights for the application of CeO2 NMs in management to reduce the salinity-caused crop loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Liu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Mengna Tao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
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34
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de Vries L, MacKay HA, Smith RA, Mottiar Y, Karlen SD, Unda F, Muirragui E, Bingman C, Vander Meulen K, Beebe ET, Fox BG, Ralph J, Mansfield SD. pHBMT1, a BAHD-family monolignol acyltransferase, mediates lignin acylation in poplar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1014-1027. [PMID: 34977949 PMCID: PMC8825253 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Poplar (Populus) lignin is naturally acylated with p-hydroxybenzoate ester moieties. However, the enzyme(s) involved in the biosynthesis of the monolignol-p-hydroxybenzoates have remained largely unknown. Here, we performed an in vitro screen of the Populus trichocarpa BAHD acyltransferase superfamily (116 genes) using a wheatgerm cell-free translation system and found five enzymes capable of producing monolignol-p-hydroxybenzoates. We then compared the transcript abundance of the five corresponding genes with p-hydroxybenzoate concentrations using naturally occurring unrelated genotypes of P. trichocarpa and revealed a positive correlation between the expression of p-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA monolig-nol transferase (pHBMT1, Potri.001G448000) and p-hydroxybenzoate levels. To test whether pHBMT1 is responsible for the biosynthesis of monolignol-p-hydroxybenzoates, we overexpressed pHBMT1 in hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. grandidentata) (35S::pHBMT1 and C4H::pHBMT1). Using three complementary analytical methods, we showed that there was an increase in soluble monolignol-p-hydroxybenzoates and cell-wall-bound monolignol-p-hydroxybenzoates in the poplar transgenics. As these pendent groups are ester-linked, saponification releases p-hydroxybenzoate, a precursor to parabens that are used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. This identified gene could therefore be used to engineer lignocellulosic biomass with increased value for emerging biorefinery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne de Vries
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - Heather A MacKay
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Smith
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Yaseen Mottiar
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - Steven D Karlen
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - Emilia Muirragui
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Craig Bingman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Kirk Vander Meulen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Emily T Beebe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Brian G Fox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - John Ralph
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
- Author for communication:
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35
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Thomas H, Van den Broeck L, Spurney R, Sozzani R, Frank M. Gene regulatory networks for compatible versus incompatible grafts identify a role for SlWOX4 during junction formation. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:535-556. [PMID: 34609518 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.26.433082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Grafting has been adopted for a wide range of crops to enhance productivity and resilience; for example, grafting of Solanaceous crops couples disease-resistant rootstocks with scions that produce high-quality fruit. However, incompatibility severely limits the application of grafting and graft incompatibility remains poorly understood. In grafts, immediate incompatibility results in rapid death, but delayed incompatibility can take months or even years to manifest, creating a significant economic burden for perennial crop production. To gain insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we developed a model system using heterografting of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum). These grafted plants express signs of anatomical junction failure within the first week of grafting. By generating a detailed timeline for junction formation, we were able to pinpoint the cellular basis for this delayed incompatibility. Furthermore, we inferred gene regulatory networks for compatible self-grafts and incompatible heterografts based on these key anatomical events, which predict core regulators for grafting. Finally, we examined the role of vascular development in graft formation and uncovered SlWOX4 as a potential regulator of graft compatibility. Following this predicted regulator up with functional analysis, we show that Slwox4 homografts fail to form xylem bridges across the junction, demonstrating that indeed, SlWOX4 is essential for vascular reconnection during grafting, and may function as an early indicator of graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Thomas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Ryan Spurney
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Margaret Frank
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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36
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Thomas H, Van den Broeck L, Spurney R, Sozzani R, Frank M. Gene regulatory networks for compatible versus incompatible grafts identify a role for SlWOX4 during junction formation. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:535-556. [PMID: 34609518 PMCID: PMC8846177 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Grafting has been adopted for a wide range of crops to enhance productivity and resilience; for example, grafting of Solanaceous crops couples disease-resistant rootstocks with scions that produce high-quality fruit. However, incompatibility severely limits the application of grafting and graft incompatibility remains poorly understood. In grafts, immediate incompatibility results in rapid death, but delayed incompatibility can take months or even years to manifest, creating a significant economic burden for perennial crop production. To gain insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we developed a model system using heterografting of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum). These grafted plants express signs of anatomical junction failure within the first week of grafting. By generating a detailed timeline for junction formation, we were able to pinpoint the cellular basis for this delayed incompatibility. Furthermore, we inferred gene regulatory networks for compatible self-grafts and incompatible heterografts based on these key anatomical events, which predict core regulators for grafting. Finally, we examined the role of vascular development in graft formation and uncovered SlWOX4 as a potential regulator of graft compatibility. Following this predicted regulator up with functional analysis, we show that Slwox4 homografts fail to form xylem bridges across the junction, demonstrating that indeed, SlWOX4 is essential for vascular reconnection during grafting, and may function as an early indicator of graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Thomas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Ryan Spurney
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Margaret Frank
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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37
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Mottiar Y, Mansfield SD. Lignin p-Hydroxybenzoylation Is Negatively Correlated With Syringyl Units in Poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:938083. [PMID: 35937345 PMCID: PMC9355280 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.938083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The lignin found in the cell walls of poplar fibres is decorated with ester-linked p-hydroxybenzoate moieties that originate from the participation of acylated monolignols in lignin polymerisation. Although little is known about the biological implications of these cell-wall constituents, it has historically been postulated that acylated monolignols might promote lignification in syringyl lignin-rich species such as poplar. However, cell-wall-bound p-hydroxybenzoate groups were negatively correlated with syringyl units in a collection of 316 unrelated genotypes of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa). Based upon this observation, several alternative hypotheses on the occurrence of lignin acylation are presented.
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38
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Arae T, Nakakoji M, Noguchi M, Kamon E, Sano R, Demura T, Ohtani M. Plant secondary cell wall proteome analysis with an inducible system for xylem vessel cell differentiation. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 64:5-15. [PMID: 34918343 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are typically composed of polysaccharide polymers and cell wall proteins (CWPs). CWPs account for approximately 10% of the plant cell wall structure and perform a wide range of functions. Previous studies have identified approximately 1000 CWPs in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana; however, the analyses mainly targeted primary cell walls, which are generated at cell division. In contrast, little is known about CWPs in secondary cell walls (SCWs), which are rigid and contain the phenolic polymer lignin. Here, we performed a cell wall proteome analysis to obtain novel insights into CWPs in SCWs. To this end, we tested multiple methods for cell wall extraction with cultured Arabidopsis cells carrying the VND7-VP16-GR system, with which cells can be transdifferentiated into xylem-vessel-like cells with lignified SCWs by dexamethasone treatment. We then subjected the protein samples to in-gel trypsin digestion followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. The different extraction methods resulted in the detection of different cell wall fraction proteins (CWFPs). In particular, centrifugation conditions had a strong impact on the extracted CWFP species, resulting in the increased number of identified CWFPs. We successfully identified 896 proteins as CWFPs in total, including proteases, expansins, purple phosphatase, well-known lignin-related enzymes (laccase and peroxidase), and 683 of 896 proteins were newly identified CWFPs. These results demonstrate the usefulness of our CWP analysis method. Further analyses of SCW-related CWPs could be expected to produce information useful for understanding the roles of CWPs in plant cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Arae
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mai Nakakoji
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Masahiro Noguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Eri Kamon
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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39
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Pokluda R, Ragasová L, Jurica M, Kalisz A, Komorowska M, Niemiec M, Sekara A. Effects of growth promoting microorganisms on tomato seedlings growing in different media conditions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259380. [PMID: 34731216 PMCID: PMC8565787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) play vital roles in maintaining crop fitness and soil health in stressed environments. Research have included analysis-based cultivation of soil-microbial-plant relationships to clarify microbiota potential. The goal of the research was to (i) evaluate the symbiotic microorganism effects on tomato seedling fitness under stressed conditions simulating a fragile soil susceptible to degradation; (ii) compare the plant-microbial interactions after inoculation with microbial isolates and fungi-bacteria consortia; (iii) develop an effective crop-microbial network, which improves soil and plant status. The experimental design included non-inoculated treatments with peat and sand at ratios of 50:50, 70:30, 100:0 (v:v), inoculated treatments with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Azospirillum brasilense (AZ) using the aforementioned peat:sand ratios; and treatment with peat co-inoculated with AMF and Saccharothrix tamanrassetensis (S). AMF + AZ increased root fresh weight in peat substrate compared to the control (4.4 to 3.3 g plant–1). An increase in shoot fresh weight was detected in the AMF + AZ treatment with a 50:50 peat:sand ratio (10.1 to 8.5 g plant-1). AMF + AZ reduced antioxidant activity (DPPH) (18–34%) in leaves, whereas AMF + S had the highest DPPH in leaves and roots (45%). Total leaf phenolic content was higher in control with a decreased proportion of peat. Peroxidase activity was enhanced in AMF + AZ and AMF + S treatments, except for AMF + AZ in peat. Microscopic root assays revealed the ability of AMF to establish strong fungal-tomato symbiosis; the colonization rate was 78–89%. AMF + AZ accelerated K and Mg accumulation in tomato leaves in treatments reflecting soil stress. To date, there has been no relevant information regarding the successful AMF and Saccharothrix co-inoculation relationship. This study confirmed that AMF + S could increase the P, S, and Fe status of seedlings under high organic C content conditions. The improved tomato growth and nutrient acquisition demonstrated the potential of PGPM colonization under degraded soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pokluda
- Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Vegetable Sciences and Floriculture, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Lucia Ragasová
- Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Vegetable Sciences and Floriculture, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Jurica
- Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Vegetable Sciences and Floriculture, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Kalisz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Komorowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Niemiec
- Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sekara
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Zheng Y, Xiao J, Zheng K, Ma J, He M, Li J, Li M. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Effects of Nitric Oxide on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Watermelon under Aluminum Stress. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111735. [PMID: 34828340 PMCID: PMC8622656 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive aluminum ions (Al3+) in acidic soil can have a toxic effect on watermelons, restricting plant growth and reducing yield and quality. In this study, we found that exogenous application of nitric oxide (NO) could increase the photochemical efficiency of watermelon leaves under aluminum stress by promoting closure of leaf stomata, reducing malondialdehyde and superoxide anion in leaves, and increasing POD and CAT activity. These findings showed that the exogenous application of NO improved the ability of watermelon to withstand aluminum stress. To further reveal the mitigation mechanism of NO on watermelons under aluminum stress, the differences following different types of treatments—normal growth, Al, and Al + NO—were shown using de novo sequencing of transcriptomes. In total, 511 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the Al + NO and Al treatment groups. Significantly enriched biological processes included nitrogen metabolism, phenylpropane metabolism, and photosynthesis. We selected 23 genes related to antioxidant enzymes and phenylpropane metabolism for qRT-PCR validation. The results showed that after exogenous application of NO, the expression of genes encoding POD and CAT increased, consistent with the results of the physiological indicators. The expression patterns of genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism were consistent with the transcriptome expression abundance. These results indicate that aluminum stress was involved in the inhibition of the photosynthetic pathway, and NO could activate the antioxidant enzyme defense system and phenylpropane metabolism to protect cells and scavenge reactive oxygen species. This study improves our current understanding by comprehensively analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying NO-induced aluminum stress alleviation in watermelons.
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Sathe AP, Kumar A, Mandlik R, Raturi G, Yadav H, Kumar N, Shivaraj SM, Jaswal R, Kapoor R, Gupta SK, Sharma TR, Sonah H. Role of silicon in elevating resistance against sheath blight and blast diseases in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:128-139. [PMID: 34102436 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae and sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, are the two major diseases of rice that cause enormous losses in rice production worldwide. Identification and utilization of broad-spectrum resistance resources have been considered sustainable and effective strategies. However, the majority of the resistance genes and QTLs identified have often been found to be race-specific, and their resistance is frequently broken down due to continuous exposure to the pathogen. Therefore, integrated approaches to improve plant resistance against such devastating pathogen have great importance. Silicon (Si), a beneficial element for plant growth, has shown to provide a prophylactic effect against many pathogens. The application of Si helps the plants to combat the disease-causing pathogens, either through its deposition in different parts of the plant or through modulation/induction of specific defense genes by yet an unknown mechanism. Some reports have shown that Si imparts resistance to rice blast and sheath blight. The present review summarizes the mechanism of Si transport and deposition and its effect on rice growth and development. A special emphasis has been given to explore the existing evidence showing Si mediated blast and sheath blight resistance and the mechanism involved in resistance. This review will help to understand the prophylactic effects of Si against sheath blight and blast disease at the mechanical, physiological, and genetic levels. The information provided here will help develop a strategy to explore Si derived benefits for sustainable rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Himanshu Yadav
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Nirbhay Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - S M Shivaraj
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Rajdeep Jaswal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Ritu Kapoor
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | | | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Department of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India.
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Xue R, Feng M, Chen J, Ge W, Blair MW. A methyl esterase 1 (PvMES1) promotes the salicylic acid pathway and enhances Fusarium wilt resistance in common beans. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2379-2398. [PMID: 34128089 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methyl esterase (MES), PvMES1, contributes to the defense response toward Fusarium wilt in common beans by regulating the salicylic acid (SA) mediated signaling pathway from phenylpropanoid synthesis and sugar metabolism as well as others. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important food legume. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases of common bean found throughout the world and affects the yield and quality of the crop. Few sources of Fusarium wilt resistance exist in legumes and most are of quantitative inheritance. In this study, we have identified a methyl esterase (MES), PvMES1, that contributes to plant defense response by regulating the salicylic acid (SA) mediated signaling pathway in response to Fusarium wilt in common beans. The result showed the role of PvMES1 in regulating SA levels in common bean and thus the SA signaling pathway and defense response mechanism in the plant. Overexpression of the PvMES1 gene enhanced Fusarium wilt resistance; while silencing of the gene caused susceptibility to the diseases. RNA-seq analysis with these transiently modified plants showed that genes related to SA level changes included the following gene ontologies: (a) phenylpropanoid synthesis; (b) sugar metabolism; and (c) interaction between host and pathogen as well as others. These key signal elements activated the defense response pathway in common bean to Fusarium wilt. Collectively, our findings indicate that PvMES1 plays a pivotal role in regulating SA biosynthesis and signaling, and increasing Fusarium wilt resistance in common bean, thus providing novel insight into the practical applications of both SA and MES genes and pathways they contribute to for developing elite crop varieties with enhanced broad-spectrum resistance to this critical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfeng Xue
- Crop Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, LN, China.
| | - Ming Feng
- Crop Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, LN, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Crop Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, LN, China
| | - Weide Ge
- Crop Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, LN, China
| | - Matthew W Blair
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
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Sato K, Uehara T, Holbein J, Sasaki-Sekimoto Y, Gan P, Bino T, Yamaguchi K, Ichihashi Y, Maki N, Shigenobu S, Ohta H, Franke RB, Siddique S, Grundler FMW, Suzuki T, Kadota Y, Shirasu K. Transcriptomic Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Responses in a New Model Root-Knot Nematode Infection System Using Solanum torvum and Meloidogyne arenaria. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:680151. [PMID: 34122492 PMCID: PMC8194700 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.680151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most devastating pests in agriculture. Solanum torvum Sw. (Turkey berry) has been used as a rootstock for eggplant (aubergine) cultivation because of its resistance to RKNs, including Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria. We previously found that a pathotype of M. arenaria, A2-J, is able to infect and propagate in S. torvum. In vitro infection assays showed that S. torvum induced the accumulation of brown pigments during avirulent pathotype A2-O infection, but not during virulent A2-J infection. This experimental system is advantageous because resistant and susceptible responses can be distinguished within a few days, and because a single plant genome can yield information about both resistant and susceptible responses. Comparative RNA-sequencing analysis of S. torvum inoculated with A2-J and A2-O at early stages of infection was used to parse the specific resistance and susceptible responses. Infection with A2-J did not induce statistically significant changes in gene expression within one day post-inoculation (DPI), but afterward, A2-J specifically induced the expression of chalcone synthase, spermidine synthase, and genes related to cell wall modification and transmembrane transport. Infection with A2-O rapidly induced the expression of genes encoding class III peroxidases, sesquiterpene synthases, and fatty acid desaturases at 1 DPI, followed by genes involved in defense, hormone signaling, and the biosynthesis of lignin at 3 DPI. Both isolates induced the expression of suberin biosynthetic genes, which may be triggered by wounding during nematode infection. Histochemical analysis revealed that A2-O, but not A2-J, induced lignin accumulation at the root tip, suggesting that physical reinforcement of cell walls with lignin is an important defense response against nematodes. The S. torvum-RKN system can provide a molecular basis for understanding plant-nematode interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taketo Uehara
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Julia Holbein
- INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuko Sasaki-Sekimoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Pamela Gan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Bino
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Maki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rochus B. Franke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Florian M. W. Grundler
- INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kadota
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
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Li D, Li S, Wei S, Sun W. Strategies to Manage Rice Sheath Blight: Lessons from Interactions between Rice and Rhizoctonia solani. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:21. [PMID: 33630178 PMCID: PMC7907341 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is an important phytopathogenic fungus with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. The anastomosis group AG1 IA of R. solani has been identified as the predominant causal agent of rice sheath blight, one of the most devastating diseases of crop plants. As a necrotrophic pathogen, R. solani exhibits many characteristics different from biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens during co-evolutionary interaction with host plants. Various types of secondary metabolites, carbohydrate-active enzymes, secreted proteins and effectors have been revealed to be essential pathogenicity factors in R. solani. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species, phytohormone signaling, transcription factors and many other defense-associated genes have been identified to contribute to sheath blight resistance in rice. Here, we summarize the recent advances in studies on molecular interactions between rice and R. solani. Based on knowledge of rice-R. solani interactions and sheath blight resistance QTLs, multiple effective strategies have been developed to generate rice cultivars with enhanced sheath blight resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Songhong Wei
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenxian Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China.
- Department of Plant Pathology, the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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Pazarlar S, Cetinkaya N, Bor M, Kara RS. N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated modulation of plant growth and defense against Pseudoperonospora cubensis in cucumber. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6638-6654. [PMID: 32822478 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), a well-described group of quorum sensing molecules, may modulate plant defense responses and plant growth. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the defense responses of non-model crops to AHLs and the mechanism of action responsible for the modulation of defense responses against microbial pathogens. In the present study, long-chain N-3-oxo-tetradecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (oxo-C14-HSL) was shown to have a distinct potential to prime cucumber for enhanced defense responses against the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis and the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. We provide evidence that AHL-mediated enhanced defense against downy mildew disease is based on cell wall reinforcement by lignin and callose deposition, the activation of defense-related enzymes (peroxidase, β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide) and phenolic compounds. Quantitative analysis of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, and transcriptional analysis of several of genes associated with these phytohormones, revealed that defense priming with oxo-C14-HSL is commonly regulated by the salicylic acid signaling pathway. We also show that treatment with short- (N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone) and medium-chain (N-3-oxo-decanoyl-l-homoserine lactone) AHLs promoted primary root elongation and modified root architecture, respectively, resulting in enhanced plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Pazarlar
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nedim Cetinkaya
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melike Bor
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Recep Serdar Kara
- Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
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García-Ulloa A, Sanjurjo L, Cimini S, Encina A, Martínez-Rubio R, Bouza R, Barral L, Estévez-Pérez G, Novo-Uzal E, De Gara L, Pomar F. Overexpression of ZePrx in Nicotiana tabacum Affects Lignin Biosynthesis Without Altering Redox Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:900. [PMID: 32676088 PMCID: PMC7333733 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Class III plant peroxidases (Prxs) are involved in the oxidative polymerization of lignins. Zinnia elegans Jacq. Basic peroxidase (ZePrx) has been previously characterized as capable of catalyzing this reaction in vitro and the role in lignin biosynthesis of several of its Arabidopsis thaliana homologous has been previously confirmed. In the present work, ZePrx was overexpressed in Nicotiana tabacum to further characterize its function in planta with particular attention to its involvement in lignin biosynthesis. Since Prxs are known to alter ROS levels by using them as electron acceptor or producing them in their catalytic activity, the impact of this overexpression in redox homeostasis was studied by analyzing the metabolites and enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. In relation to the modification induced by ZePrx overexpression in lignin composition and cellular metabolism, the carbohydrate composition of the cell wall as well as overall gene expression through RNA-Seq were analyzed. The obtained results indicate that the overexpression of ZePrx caused an increase in syringyl lignin in cell wall stems, suggesting that ZePrx is relevant for the oxidation of sinapyl alcohol during lignin biosynthesis, coherently with its S-peroxidase nature. The increase in the glucose content of the cell wall and the reduction of the expression of several genes involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis suggests the occurrence of a possible compensatory response to maintain cell wall properties. The perturbation of cellular redox homeostasis occurring as a consequence of ZePrx overexpression was kept under control by an increase in APX activity and a reduction in ascorbate redox state. In conclusion, our results confirm the role of ZePrx in lignin biosynthesis and highlight that its activity alters cellular pathways putatively aimed at maintaining redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba García-Ulloa
- Departamento de Biología, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Laura Sanjurjo
- Departamento de Biología, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sara Cimini
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Encina
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Romina Martínez-Rubio
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Rebeca Bouza
- Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Física y Ciencias de la Tierra Escuela Universitaria Politécnica, Universidade da Coruña, Serantes, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Luis Barral
- Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Física y Ciencias de la Tierra Escuela Universitaria Politécnica, Universidade da Coruña, Serantes, Ferrol, Spain
| | | | | | - Laura De Gara
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Pomar
- Departamento de Biología, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Fijalkowski KL, Kwarciak-Kozlowska A. Phytotoxicity assay to assess sewage sludge phytoremediation rate using guaiacol peroxidase activity (GPX): A comparison of four growth substrates. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 263:110413. [PMID: 32174541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Waste disposal such as sewage sludge (biosolids) in phytoremediation is a sustainable remediation alternative for fertilizers, therefore there is a need to develop a test that will allow to determine phytoremediation dose of biosolids from the best-for-plant-growth point of view. In order to determine the doses of biosolids to degraded soils, tests based on germination of seeds and root elongation are commonly used, but also, they are subjected to large errors caused by low repeatability of results and differentiation. That is why there is a need to introduce new testing solutions that will be of use based on more reliable indicators such as biochemical activity of selected plant enzymes. The aim of the study was to demonstrate high efficiency of the guaiacol peroxidase activity (GPX) in plant-based toxicity tests used as an optimal dose amendments indicator in heavy metal degraded soil phytoremediation process. GPX were measured in underground and above ground parts of Sinapis alba L. and Brassica rapa L. in relation to germination index (GI) and biomass cultivated on four different substrates (raw degraded soil, sterilized degraded soil, water extract from degraded soil solidified with agar, water extract from degraded soil solidified with Murashige-Skoog medium). Each testing soil substrate was enriched with sewage sludge (food industry origin) in the percentage share (w/w) of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25. The process was carried out under controlled conditions of the phytotronic chamber for a period of 14 days. The obtained values were compared for each plant separately and for all substrates and amendments rates of sewage sludge. GPX activity was expressed as a percentage increase or decrease in relation to the GPX in soil substrates without addition of sewage sludge which allowed to determine their positive or negative impact on substrate toxicity. Results of GPX activity showed that the water-based soil extracts solidified with agar give more accurate results in relation to the tests on raw soil. It has been demonstrated that the optimal phytoremediation dose of sewage sludge was in the range of 15-20%, with values of 5% and 25% respectively favoring or inhibiting plant development expressed in GPX activity. The most differentiating GPX values were obtained for the roots.Measurement of GPX activity in the roots of Sinapis alba L. cultivated on soil agar-based tests is a good, new and easy additional or alternative to the old tests based on germination and increase biomass measuring as an indicator in the assessment of optimal phytoremediation sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof L Fijalkowski
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland.
| | - Anna Kwarciak-Kozlowska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
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Allies or Enemies: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Developmental Processes of Black Cottonwood ( Populus trichocarpa). Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030199. [PMID: 32120843 PMCID: PMC7139288 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to aboveground organs (stems and leaves), developmental events and their regulation in underground organs, such as pioneer and fine roots, are quite poorly understood. The objective of the current study was to achieve a better understanding of the physiological and molecular role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-related enzymes in the process of stem and pioneer root development in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), as well as in the senescence of leaves and fine roots. Results of a transcriptomic analysis revealed that primary/secondary growth and senescence are accompanied by substantial changes in the expression of genes related to oxidative stress metabolism. We observed that some mechanisms common for above- and under-ground organs, e.g., the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes and SOD activity, declined during stems' and pioneer roots' development. Moreover, the localization of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2•-) in the primary and secondary xylem of stems and pioneer roots confirms their involvement in xylem cell wall lignification and the induction of programmed cell death (PCD). H2O2 and O2•- in senescing fine roots were present in the same locations as demonstrated previously for ATG8 (AuTophaGy-related) proteins, implying their participation in cell degradation during senescence, while O2•- in older leaves was also localized similarly to ATG8 in chloroplasts, suggesting their role in chlorophagy. ROS and ROS-related enzymes play an integral role in the lignification of xylem cell walls in Populus trichocarpa, as well as the induction of PCD during xylogenesis and senescence.
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Cao H, Li J, Ye Y, Lin H, Hao Z, Ye N, Yue C. Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analyses Provide Insights into the Role of Trichomes in Tea Plant ( Camellia Sinensis). Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020311. [PMID: 32079100 PMCID: PMC7072466 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomes, which develop from epidermal cells, are regarded as one of the key features that are involved in the evaluation of tea quality and tea germplasm resources. The metabolites from trichomes have been well characterized in tea products. However, little is known regarding the metabolites in fresh tea trichomes and the molecular differences in trichomes and tea leaves per se. In this study, we developed a method to collect trichomes from tea plant tender shoots, and their main secondary metabolites, including catechins, caffeine, amino acids, and aroma compounds, were determined. We found that the majority of these compounds were significantly less abundant in trichomes than in tea leaves. RNA-Seq was used to investigate the differences in the molecular regulatory mechanism between trichomes and leaves to gain further insight into the differences in trichomes and tea leaves. In total, 52.96 Gb of clean data were generated, and 6560 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 4471 upregulated and 2089 downregulated genes, were identified in the trichomes vs. leaves comparison. Notably, the structural genes of the major metabolite biosynthesis pathways, transcription factors, and other key DEGs were identified and comparatively analyzed between trichomes and leaves, while trichome-specific genes were also identified. Our results provide new insights into the differences between tea trichomes and leaves at the metabolic and transcriptomic levels, and open up new doors to further recognize and re-evaluate the role of trichomes in tea quality formation and tea plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chuan Yue
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-591-83789281
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Preventive Effects of Fluoro-Substituted Benzothiadiazole Derivatives and Chitosan Oligosaccharide against the Rice Seedling Blight Induced by Fusarium oxysporum. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120538. [PMID: 31771294 PMCID: PMC6963531 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rice seedling blight, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, significantly affects global rice production levels. Fluoro-substituted benzothiadiazole derivatives (FBT) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) are elicitors that can enhance plant resistance to pathogen infection. However, there is a lack of information regarding FBT and COS used as elicitors in rice seedlings blight. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of FBT and COS treatments on rice seedling blight and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the two elicitors for inducing resistance using proteomic technique. Results indicated that FBT and COS significantly reduced the disease incidence and index, and relived the root growth inhibition caused by F. oxysporum (p < 0.05). Biochemical analyses demonstrated that these two elicitors effectively enhanced activities of defense enzymes. Moreover, the proteomic results of rice root tissues disclosed more differentially expressed proteins in diterpenoid biosynthesis pathway that were particularly stimulated by two elicitors compared to the other pathways studied, resulting in the accumulation of antimicrobial substance, momilactone. Findings of this study could provide sound theoretical basis for further applications of FBT and COS used as rice elicitors against seedling blight.
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