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Shah HMS, Khan AS, Singh Z, Ayyub S. Postharvest Biology and Technology of Loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Foods 2023; 12:foods12061329. [PMID: 36981255 PMCID: PMC10048680 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit is a rich source of carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, sugars, and organic acids. Although it is classified as a non-climacteric fruit, susceptibility to mechanical and physical bruising causes its rapid deterioration by moisture loss and postharvest decay caused by pathogens. Anthracnose, canker, and purple spot are the most prevalent postharvest diseases of loquat fruit. Cold storage has been used for quality management of loquat fruit, but the susceptibility of some cultivars to chilling injury (CI) consequently leads to browning and other disorders. Various techniques, including cold storage, controlled atmosphere storage, hypobaric storage, modified atmosphere packaging, low-temperature conditioning, heat treatment, edible coatings, and postharvest chemical application, have been tested to extend shelf life, mitigate chilling injury, and quality preservation. This review comprehensively focuses on the recent advances in the postharvest physiology and technology of loquat fruit, such as harvest maturity, fruit ripening physiology, postharvest storage techniques, and physiological disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Sattar Khan
- Postharvest Research and Training Centre, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zora Singh
- Horticulture, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Saqib Ayyub
- Postharvest Research and Training Centre, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
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2
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Zhang S, Sun H, Wang J, Shen J, He F, Chen D, Wang Y. The Regulatory Mechanisms and Control Technologies of Chilling Injury and Fungal Diseases of Postharvest Loquat Fruit. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3472. [PMID: 36559584 PMCID: PMC9784782 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Loquat is a popular fruit widely cultivated all over the world. It is rich in minerals and carotenoids and has high commercial value. At room temperature, loquat fruit is impressionable to water and nutritional losses, physical damage, and microbial decay, resulting in a short postharvest life. Low-temperature storage is routinely used to prolong the shelf life of loquat fruit; however, cold storage can also lead to lignification of flesh tissue, which is one of the major symptoms of chilling injury (CI), reducing the quality and economic value of the fruit. In addition, fruit decay caused by microbial infection is another important reason for postharvest losses of loquat. To reduce quality deterioration and optimize the postharvest storage strategies of loquat fruit, considerable progress has been made in the physiological and molecular biological studies of CI, microbial decay, and preservation technologies of loquat fruit during the postharvest phase in recent decades. This review summarizes the current research progress and provides a reference for the improvement of loquat fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Wang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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3
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The Citrus Laccase Gene CsLAC18 Contributes to Cold Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314509. [PMID: 36498836 PMCID: PMC9737282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant laccases, as multicopper oxidases, play an important role in monolignol polymerization, and participate in the resistance response of plants to multiple biotic/abiotic stresses. However, little is currently known about the role of laccases in the cold stress response of plants. In this study, the laccase activity and lignin content of C. sinensis leaves increased after the low-temperature treatment, and cold treatment induced the differential regulation of 21 CsLACs, with 15 genes being upregulated and 6 genes being downregulated. Exceptionally, the relative expression level of CsLAC18 increased 130.17-fold after a 48-h treatment. The full-length coding sequence of CsLAC18 consists of 1743 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 580 amino acids, and is predominantly expressed in leaves and fruits. CsLAC18 was phylogenetically related to AtLAC17, and was localized in the cell membrane. Overexpression of CsLAC18 conferred enhanced cold tolerance on transgenic tobacco; however, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)-mediated suppression of CsLAC18 in Poncirus trifoliata significantly impaired resistance to cold stress. As a whole, our findings revealed that CsLAC18 positively regulates a plant's response to cold stress, providing a potential target for molecular breeding or gene editing.
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4
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Liu H, Pei H, Jiao J, Jin M, Li H, Zhu Q, Ma Y, Rao J. 1-Methylcyclopropene treatment followed with ethylene treatment alleviates postharvest chilling injury of ‘Xuxiang’ kiwifruit during low-temperature storage. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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5
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Salicylic acid treatment mitigates chilling injury in peach fruit by regulation of sucrose metabolism and soluble sugar content. Food Chem 2021; 358:129867. [PMID: 33979685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peach fruit stored in the cold are susceptible to chilling injury. A pre-storage treatment with the natural hormone salicylic acid can alleviate chilling damage, although the mechanism is unclear. We found that a treatment with 1 μmol L-1 salicylic acid for 15 min prior to storage at 4 °C delayed and reduced fruit internal browning, a symptom of chilling injury. Salicylic acid had a large effect on sugar metabolism, increasing total soluble sugars via a substantial increase in sucrose content. The transcript abundance of genes related to sucrose biosynthesis and degradation was significantly regulated by salicylic acid, consistent with the changes in sucrose content. Salicylic acid treatment also increased the expression of two DREB cold stress-related proteins, transcriptional activators that regulate cold resistance pathways. The results show that salicylic acid alleviates chilling injury in peach by multiple mechanisms, including an increased content of sucrose and activation of cold response genes.
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6
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Zhao Y, Song C, Brummell DA, Qi S, Lin Q, Duan Y. Jasmonic acid treatment alleviates chilling injury in peach fruit by promoting sugar and ethylene metabolism. Food Chem 2020; 338:128005. [PMID: 32977138 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit are highly susceptible to chilling injury during cold storage, resulting in internal flesh browning and a failure to soften normally. We have examined the effect of a postharvest treatment consisting of a brief (30 s) dip in the natural plant hormone jasmonic acid, prior to storage at 4 °C. Jasmonic acid treatment reduced the severity of internal flesh browning and did not inhibit fruit softening over a 35 d storage period. Two major physiological effects of jasmonic acid on the fruit were observed, an increase in ethylene production and a prevention of the decline in soluble sugar content seen in controls. An increased soluble sugar content may have multiple benefits in resisting chilling stress, scavenging reactive oxygen species and acting to stabilize membranes. Our results show that a treatment with jasmonic acid can enhance chilling tolerance of peach fruit by regulating ethylene and sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Congcong Song
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Shuning Qi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qiong Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yuquan Duan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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7
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Shi M, Liu X, Zhang H, He Z, Yang H, Chen J, Feng J, Yang W, Jiang Y, Yao JL, Deng CH, Xu J. The IAA- and ABA-responsive transcription factor CgMYB58 upregulates lignin biosynthesis and triggers juice sac granulation in pummelo. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:139. [PMID: 32922811 PMCID: PMC7458917 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In citrus, lignin overaccumulation in the juice sac results in granulation and an unpleasant fruit texture and taste. By integrating metabolic phenotyping and transcriptomic analyses, we found 702 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 24 transcription factors (TFs), to be significantly correlated with lignin content. CgMYB58 was further identified as a critical R2R3 MYB TF involved in lignin overaccumulation owing to its high transcript levels in Huanong Red-fleshed pummelo (HR, Citrus grandis) fruits. Transient expression of CgMYB58 led to an increase in the lignin content in the pummelo fruit mesocarp, whereas its stable overexpression significantly promoted lignin accumulation and upregulated 19 lignin biosynthetic genes. Among these genes, CgPAL1, CgPAL2, Cg4CL1, and CgC3H were directly modulated by CgMYB58 through interaction with their promoter regions. Moreover, we showed that juice sac granulation in pummelo fruits could be affected by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. In HR pummelo, ABA significantly accelerated this granulation, whereas IAA effectively inhibited this process. Taken together, these results provide novel insight into the lignin accumulation mechanism in citrus fruits. We also revealed the theoretical basis via exogenous IAA application, which repressed the expression of CgMYB58 and its target genes, thus alleviating juice sac granulation in orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Hongbin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Jia Feng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Youwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Hong Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
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8
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Zhang J, Yin XR, Li H, Xu M, Zhang MX, Li SJ, Liu XF, Shi YN, Grierson D, Chen KS. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR39-MYB8 complex regulates low-temperature-induced lignification of loquat fruit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3172-3184. [PMID: 32072171 PMCID: PMC7475177 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flesh lignification is a specific chilling response that causes deterioration in the quality of stored red-fleshed loquat fruit (Eribotrya japonica) and is one aspect of wider chilling injury. APETALA2/ETHLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factors are important regulators of plant low-temperature responses and lignin biosynthesis. In this study, the expression and action of 27 AP2/ERF genes from the red-fleshed loquat cultivar 'Luoyangqing' were investigated in order to identify transcription factors regulating low-temperature-induced lignification. EjERF27, EjERF30, EjERF36, and EjERF39 were significantly induced by storage at 0 °C but inhibited by a low-temperature conditioning treatment (pre-storage at 5 °C for 6 days before storage at 0 °C, which reduces low-temperature-induced lignification), and their transcript levels positively correlated with flesh lignification. A dual-luciferase assay indicated that EjERF39 could transactivate the promoter of the lignin biosynthetic gene Ej4CL1, and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed that EjERF39 recognizes the DRE element in the promoter region of Ej4CL1. Furthermore, the combination of EjERF39 and the previously characterized EjMYB8 synergistically transactivated the Ej4CL1 promoter, and both transcription factors showed expression patterns correlated with lignification in postharvest treatments and red-fleshed 'Luoyangqing' and white-fleshed 'Ninghaibai' cultivars with different lignification responses. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase complementation imaging assays confirmed direct protein-protein interaction between EjERF39 and EjMYB8. These data indicate that EjERF39 is a novel cold-responsive transcriptional activator of Ej4CL1 that forms a synergistic activator complex with EjMYB8 and contributes to loquat fruit lignification at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-xue Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shao-jia Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-fen Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-na Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Effect of Ethylene on Cell Wall and Lipid Metabolism during Alleviation of Postharvest Chilling Injury in Peach. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121612. [PMID: 31835827 PMCID: PMC6952997 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peach is prone to postharvest chilling injury (CI). Here it was found that exogenous ethylene alleviated CI, accompanied by an increased endogenous ethylene production. Ethylene treatment resulted in a moderately more rapid flesh softening as a result of stronger expression of genes encoding expansin and cell wall hydrolases, especially xylosidase and galactosidase. Ethylene treatment alleviated internal browning, accompanied by changes in expression of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and lipoxygenases. An enhanced content of phospholipids and glycerolipids and a reduced content of ceramide were observed in ethylene-treated fruit, and these were associated with up-regulation of lipid phosphate phosphatase, fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase, and golgi-localized nucleotide sugar transporter, as well as down-regulation of aminoalcohol phosphotransferases. Expression of two ethylene response factors (ERFs), ESE3 and ABR1, was highly correlated with that of genes involved in cell wall metabolism and lipid metabolism, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of these two ERFs was strongly regulated by ethylene treatment and the temperature changes during transfer of fruit into or out of cold storage. It is proposed that ERFs fulfill roles as crucial integrators between cell wall modifications and lipid metabolism involved in CI processes ameliorated by exogenous ethylene.
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Huang R, Li W, Guan XW, Xie B, Zhang SM. Molecular cloning and characterization of genes related to the ethylene signal transduction pathway in pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) under different temperature treatments. J Biosci 2019; 44:137. [PMID: 31894118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature storage is a common method for storing pomegranates post-harvest; however, unsuitable low temperatures can cause fruit chilling injuries, the molecular mechanism of which is as yet unclear. Ethylene is a major factor affecting the post-harvest storage quality of pomegranates, and functions mainly through the ethylene signal transduction pathway. ERF1, ERF2 and ETR are key genes in the ethylene signal transduction pathway. Here, we used RACE and homologous cloning techniques to obtain PgERF1 (KU058889), PgERF2 (KU058890) and PgETR (KU058891) from Punica granatum cv. Yushizi. Sequence alignment and functional domain analysis revealed that both PgERF1 and PgERF2 contained a DNA-binding-site at the 120th to 177th amino acids of the N-terminus, which is a typical AP2/ERF center structure domain. Analysis of changes in expression of PgERF1, PgERF2 and PgETR following storage for different lengths of time (0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days) at different temperatures (0°C, 5°C, 10°C and 15°C) revealed that the expression levels of PgERF1 and PgERF2 had a significant positive correlation. At the same time, the expression of both PgERF1 and PgERF2 increased continuously with time when seeds were stored at 0°C. However, there was no obvious linear relationship between time stored and the levels of expression of PgETR. Therefore, we inferred that at 0°C, the ethylene signal transduction pathway might play an important role in fruit chilling injuries during post-harvest storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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11
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Ferradás Y, Rey M, González MV. Expression analysis of ethylene synthesis and signalling genes in kiwifruit stigmatic arms and their involvement in programmed cell death processes. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 243:153021. [PMID: 31639534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (A. Chev) A. Chev.) is a widely cultivated crop due to the nutritional value of its fruits. Its commercialization is related to the fruit size, which is directly linked with the number of seeds and, consequently, with pollination. In this dioecious species pollination is dependent on a short effective pollination period which is related to a Programmed Cell Death (PCD) process. At the same time, this PCD process allows the growth of many pollen tubes. Several studies suggest that ethylene can play an important role in PCD in a number of systems. In this report, we determined the full sequence of the AcACS gene, encoding the enzyme that catalyses a rate-limiting step of the ethylene synthesis. Next, we monitored the expression pattern of this gene as well as of other genes involved in ethylene synthesis (ACO2-5) and signalling (AdERS1a, AdERS1b, AdETR1, AdETR2, AdETR3, AdCTR1, AdCTR2, AdEIL1) in pollinated and non-pollinated stigmatic arms of kiwifruit female flowers. The relative expression patterns observed for AcACS, ACOs and ethylene perception and signalling genes (AdERS1, AdETR1, AdCTR1 and AdEIL1) showed that they are expressed before anthesis. After anthesis, expression of the studied genes was detected earlier in pollinated than in non-pollinated stigmatic arms, as it was previously determined for PCD hallmarks. In addition, the expression pattern of the studied genes showed a clear relationship with the PCD hallmarks described in a previous report in the secretory tissue both in non-pollinated stigmatic arms (related to the short EPP in this species) and in pollinated ones (related to the growth of many pollen tubes during progamic phase). Overall, these results suggest an involvement of ethylene with PCD contributing to the high reproductive success of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Ferradás
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago, Campus Sur, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Rey
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencia del Suelo, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mª Victoria González
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago, Campus Sur, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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12
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Molecular cloning and characterization of genes related to the ethylene signal transduction pathway in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) under different temperature treatments. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Xie Z, Zhou Z, Li H, Yu J, Jiang J, Tang Z, Ma D, Zhang B, Han Y, Li Z. High throughput sequencing identifies chilling responsive genes in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) during storage. Genomics 2019; 111:1006-1017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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Zhu N, Yang Y, Ji M, Wu D, Chen K. Label-free visualization of lignin deposition in loquats using complementary stimulated and spontaneous Raman microscopy. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:72. [PMID: 31231530 PMCID: PMC6544619 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The lignification triggered by biotic or abiotic stresses hardens fruits and vegetables and eventually influences their consumer appeal. Extensive prior efforts have been made to unveil the underlying mechanism of flesh lignification, primarily focused on its physicochemical and molecular biological properties. Nevertheless, most of these studies used destroyed and homogenized bulk tissues as analytes; as a result, potentially valuable spatial information was lost. In this study, the deposition of lignin in loquat flesh during lignification was visualized from the tissue level to the single-cell level by combining the advantages of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and spontaneous Raman microscopy using label-free in situ molecular imaging. SRS has the advantages of being fast and providing large-area chemical imaging to reveal the spatial heterogeneity of lignin and cell wall polysaccharide distribution in loquat flesh. After 2 days of storage at 0 °C, increased lignins were observed by large-area SRS imaging. In addition, microscopic SRS images of the flesh cells indicated that the increased lignins were trapped in the cell corner (CC) and middle lamella (ML). Furthermore, the compositional and structural features of lignified cells (LCs), CC and ML of loquat flesh were investigated by spontaneous Raman microscopy, and the results showed that the LCs were a combination of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, whereas CC and ML showed only deposited lignin and pectin without cross-linked cellulose and hemicellulose. This result further suggests that the lignins in the CC and ML regions of loquats were later synthesized alone during postharvest storage. This innovative combination of SRS and spontaneous Raman microscopy allows the label-free macroscale and fine chemical imaging of plant cell walls and will enhance our fundamental understanding of the structures and functions of the plant cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Human Phenome Institute, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Minbiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Human Phenome Institute, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
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15
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Cai J, Chen T, Zhang Z, Li B, Qin G, Tian S. Metabolic Dynamics During Loquat Fruit Ripening and Postharvest Technologies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:619. [PMID: 31178876 PMCID: PMC6543895 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Loquat is an important fruit widely cultivated worldwide with high commercial value. During loquat fruit development, ripening, and storage, many important metabolites undergo dramatic changes, resulting in accumulation of a diverse mixture of nutrients. Given the value of loquat fruit, significant progresses have been achieved in understanding the metabolic changes during fruit ripening and storage, as well as postharvest technologies applied in loquat fruit in recent years. The objective of the present review is to summarize currently available knowledge and provide new references for improving loquat fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handing of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handing of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handing of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shiping Tian,
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Su W, Yuan Y, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Gan X, Bai Y, Peng J, Wu J, Liu Y, Lin S. Selection of the optimal reference genes for expression analyses in different materials of Eriobotrya japonica. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:7. [PMID: 30705689 PMCID: PMC6348664 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is a subtropical tree bearing fruit that ripens during late spring and early summer, which is the off-season for fruit production. The specific flowering habit of loquat, which starts in fall and ends in winter, has attracted an increasing number of researchers who believe that it may represent an ideal model for studying flowering shift adaptations to climate change in Rosaceae. These studies require an understanding of gene expression patterns within the fruit and other tissues of this plant. Although ACTINs (ACTs) have previously been used as reference genes (RGs) for gene expression studies in loquats, a comprehensive analysis of whether these RGs are optimal for normalizing RT-qPCR data has not been performed. RESULTS In this study, 11 candidate RGs (RIBOSOMAL-LIKE PROTEIN4 (RPL4), RIBOSOMAL-LIKE PROTEIN18 (RPL18), Histone H3.3 (HIS3), Alpha-tubulin-3 (TUA3), S-Adenosyl Methionine Decarboxylase (SAMDC), TIP41-like Family Protein (TIP41), (UDP)-glucose Pyrophosphorylase (UGPase), 18S ribosomal RNA (18S), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Plasma Intrinsic Protein 2 (PIP2) and ACTIN(ACT)) were assessed to determine their expression stability in 23 samples from different tissues or organs of loquat. Integrated expression stability evaluations using five computational statistical methods (GeNorm, NormFinder, ΔCt, BestKeeper, and RefFinder) suggested that a RG set, including RPL4, RPL18, HIS3 and TUA3, was the most stable one across all of the tested loquat samples. The expression pattern of EjCDKB1;2 in the tested loquat tissues normalized to the selected RG set demonstrated its reliability. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the reliable RGs for accurate normalization of gene expression in loquat. In addition, our findings demonstrate an efficient system for identifying the most effective RGs for different organs, which may be applied to related rosaceous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Su
- Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Key Laboratory of Loquat Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Putian University, Putian, 351100 China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510308 China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Xiaoqing Gan
- Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yunlu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jiangrong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jincheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Loquat Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Putian University, Putian, 351100 China
| | - Yuexue Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
- Key Laboratory of Loquat Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Putian University, Putian, 351100 China
| | - Shunquan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop Resources in South China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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Lin S, Wu T, Lin H, Zhang Y, Xu S, Wang J, Wu B, Chen Y, Lin S, Lin D, Wang X, Zhao X, Wu J. De Novo Analysis Reveals Transcriptomic Responses in Eriobotrya japonica Fruits during Postharvest Cold Storage. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E639. [PMID: 30563027 PMCID: PMC6316545 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold storage is the primary preservation method of postharvest loquat fruits. However, cold storage also results in many chilling injury physiological disorders called lignification, which decreases the quality and economic value of the fruits. Few studies to date have focused on the transcriptomic responses associated with lignification except lignin synthesis pathways. This study aimed to explore the changes of loquat transcriptome during long-term cold storage. Our results showed that the gene expression patterns were differed among the five stages. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to cold storage were more intense and complex in earlier stage. The membrane-related genes preferentially responded to low temperature and were followed by intracellular-located genes. The cold-induced pathways were mainly concerned with signal transduction and secondary metabolism (i.e., lignin, pectin, cellulose, terpenoid, carotenoid, steroid) in the first three stages and were chiefly related to primary metabolism in the later two stages, especially energy metabolism. Further investigation suggested that 503 protein kinases, 106 protein phosphatases, and 40 Ca2+ signal components were involved in the cold signal transduction of postharvest loquat fruits. We predicted a pathway including 649 encoding genes of 49 enzymes, which displayed the metabolisms of major sugars and polysaccharides in cold-stored loquat fruits. The coordinated expression patterns of these genes might contribute to the changes of saccharides in the pathway. These results provide new insight into the transcriptomic changes of postharvest loquat fruits in response to cold storage environment, which may be helpful for improving the postharvest life of loquat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Loquat Germplasm Innovation and Utilization (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian 351100, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian 351100, China.
| | - Ti Wu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
- Overseas Education College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hailan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Loquat Germplasm Innovation and Utilization (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian 351100, China.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Loquat Germplasm Innovation and Utilization (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian 351100, China.
| | - Shichang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Loquat Germplasm Innovation and Utilization (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian 351100, China.
| | - Jinge Wang
- Key Laboratory of Loquat Germplasm Innovation and Utilization (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian 351100, China.
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Bisha Wu
- Key Laboratory of Loquat Germplasm Innovation and Utilization (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian 351100, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian 351100, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Loquat Germplasm Innovation and Utilization (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian 351100, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian 351100, China.
| | - Suying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Loquat Germplasm Innovation and Utilization (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian 351100, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian 351100, China.
| | - Dahe Lin
- Key Laboratory of Loquat Germplasm Innovation and Utilization (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian 351100, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian 351100, China.
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Loquat Germplasm Innovation and Utilization (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian 351100, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian 351100, China.
| | - Jincheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Loquat Germplasm Innovation and Utilization (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian 351100, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian 351100, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Yang S, Yuan Y. Lignin Involvement in Programmed Changes in Peach-Fruit Texture Indicated by Metabolite and Transcriptome Analyses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12627-12640. [PMID: 30350986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Texture is an important component of peach-fruit quality. In the present study, an analysis of metabolite and transcriptome profiles during storage of a nonmelting-flesh cultivar, 'Baili', and a melting-flesh cultivar, 'Hongli', was conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying different fruit textures in peach. Results indicated that higher levels of anthocyanins were present in 'Hongli' peach, whereas lignin monomers and ethylene precursors were higher in 'Baili'. A transcriptome analysis indicated that genes associated with lignin synthesis were more highly expressed in 'Baili' than in 'Hongli', especially Pp4CL2, Pp4CL3, and PpCOMT2. Texture differences between the two varieties may be the result of differential expression of two branches of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway. One branch regulates flavonoid metabolism and was highly active in 'Hongli' fruit, whereas the other branch regulates lignin synthesis and was more highly active in 'Baili' fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture , Qingdao Agricultural University , Number 700 Changcheng Road , Chengyang, Qingdao City 266109 , Shandong Province , China
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture , Qingdao Agricultural University , Number 700 Changcheng Road , Chengyang, Qingdao City 266109 , Shandong Province , China
| | - Shaolan Yang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture , Qingdao Agricultural University , Number 700 Changcheng Road , Chengyang, Qingdao City 266109 , Shandong Province , China
| | - Yongbing Yuan
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture , Qingdao Agricultural University , Number 700 Changcheng Road , Chengyang, Qingdao City 266109 , Shandong Province , China
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Zhu N, Wu D, Chen K. Label-free visualization of fruit lignification: Raman molecular imaging of loquat lignified cells. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:58. [PMID: 30008794 PMCID: PMC6043974 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flesh lignification, leading to increased fruit firmness, has been reported in several kinds of fruit. Understanding the mechanisms underlying fruit lignification is important to optimize the postharvest storage strategies and reduce the quality deterioration of postharvest fruit. Especially cellular level investigation of lignin deposition in fruits provides novel insight for deciphering the mechanisms underlying fruit lignification. The primary objective of this study was to establish a procedure of using Raman microspectroscopy technique to depict fruit lignification at the cell level. RESULTS Lignified cells, a special kind of cells contained high lignin content, were found abundantly scattered in red-fleshed 'Luoyangqing' loquat. Whereas these special lignified cells were barely detected in 'Baisha' loquat flesh. Dominant Raman bands of lignified cells were found primarily attributed to lignin (1664, 1628, 1603, 1467, and 1272 cm-1), cellulose (1383, 1124 and 1098 cm-1) and pectin (852 and 1740 cm-1). The band intensity correlation analysis indicated the peak at 1335 cm-1 assigned to either lignin or cellulose in previous works was related to lignin for the lignified cells. Multi-peaks Gaussian fitting successfully resolved the overlapped fingerprint peaks of lignin in 1550-1700 cm-1 into three independent peaks, which were assigned to different functional groups of lignin. Furthermore, the spatially resolved Raman images of lignified cells were generated, indicating that lignin and cellulose saturated the whole lignified cells, pectin mainly located in the cell corner, and the parenchyma cells contained little lignin. In addition, both phloroglucinol-HCl staining and autofluorescence analysis confirmed the results of lignin distribution of Raman microscopic analysis. CONCLUSIONS A procedure for the simultaneous visualization of the main components of the flesh cells without labeling by high-resolution Raman microspectroscopy has been established. With Raman microscopic imaging technique, we can add a microscopic level to cell compositions, essential for a detailed molecular understanding of loquat lignification. Such method can be further used to chemically monitor the textural changes during the ripening process or postharvest storage of other fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth/Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth/Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth/Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
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20
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Wang K, Yin XR, Zhang B, Grierson D, Xu CJ, Chen KS. Transcriptomic and metabolic analyses provide new insights into chilling injury in peach fruit. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1531-1551. [PMID: 28337785 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature conditioning (LTC) alleviates peach fruit chilling injury but the underlying molecular basis is poorly understood. Here, changes in transcriptome, ethylene production, flesh softening, internal browning and membrane lipids were compared in fruit maintained in constant 0 °C and LTC (pre-storage at 8 °C for 5 d before storage at 0 °C). Low temperature conditioning resulted in a higher rate of ethylene production and a more rapid flesh softening as a result of higher expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes and a series of cell wall hydrolases. Reduced internal browning of fruit was observed in LTC, with lower transcript levels of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, but higher lipoxygenase. Low temperature conditioning fruit also showed enhanced fatty acid content, increased desaturation, higher levels of phospholipids and a preferential biosynthesis of glucosylceramide. Genes encoding cell wall hydrolases and lipid metabolism enzymes were coexpressed with differentially expressed ethylene response factors (ERFs) and contained ERF binding elements in their promoters. In conclusion, LTC is a special case of cold acclimation which increases ethylene production and, operating through ERFs, promotes both softening and changes in lipid composition and desaturation, which may modulate membrane stability, reducing browning and contributing to alleviation of peach fruit chilling injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xue-Ren Yin
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Don Grierson
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Chang-Jie Xu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kun-Song Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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21
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Alos E, Martinez-Fuentes A, Reig C, Mesejo C, Rodrigo MJ, Agustí M, Zacarías L. Ethylene biosynthesis and perception during ripening of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 210:64-71. [PMID: 28088087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to gain insights into the controversial ripening behavior of loquat fruits, in the present study we have analyzed the expression of three genes related to ethylene biosynthesis (ACS1, ACO1 and ACO2), two ethylene receptors (ERS1a and ERS1b), one signal transduction component (CTR1) and one transcription factor (EIL1) in peel and pulp of loquat fruit during natural ripening and also in fruits treated with ethylene (10μLL-1) and 1-MCP (10μLL-1), an ethylene action inhibitor. In fruits attached to or detached from the tree, a slight increase in ethylene production was detected at the yellow stage, but the respiration rate declined progressively during ripening. Accumulation of transcripts of ethylene biosynthetic genes did not correlate with changes in ethylene production, since the maximum accumulation of ACS1 and ACO1 mRNA was detected in fully coloured fruits. Expression of ethylene receptor and signaling genes followed a different pattern in peel and pulp tissues. After fruit detachment and incubation at 20°C for up to 6days, ACS1 mRNA slightly increased, ACO1 experienced a substantial increment and ACO2 declined. In the peel, these changes were advanced by exogenous ethylene and partially inhibited by 1-MCP. In the pulp, 1-MCP repressed most of the changes in the expression of biosynthetic genes, while ethylene had almost no effects. Expression of ethylene perception and signaling genes was barely affected by ethylene or 1-MCP. Collectively, a differential transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthetic genes operates in peel and pulp, and support the notion of non-climacteric ripening in loquat fruits. Ethylene action, however, appears to be required to sustain or maintain the expression of specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alos
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Martinez-Fuentes
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - C Reig
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - C Mesejo
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - M J Rodrigo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Agustí
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - L Zacarías
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Wang BQ, Liu JH, Gong XQ, Long CA, Li GH. Characterization of the expression of the stress-responsive PpERS1 gene from peach and analysis of its promoter using transgenic tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2016; 33:383-393. [PMID: 31274999 PMCID: PMC6587038 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.16.1102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The PpERS1 gene, which encodes an ethylene receptor and responds to abiotic and biotic stresses, was cloned from peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv Okubao). The genomic DNA sequence of PpERS1 comprises seven exons which are separated by six introns, interestingly alternative splicing of the first intron produced three different PpERS1 transcripts. In addition, a 2.8-kb sequence including the promoter of PpERS1 was isolated and analyzed by placing expressing of the GUS reporter gene under its control. Several putative cis-elements were identified in the promoter of PpERS1, including two ethylene-responsive elements (EREs), five W boxes, and four putative binding sites for MYB-type transcription factors. Deletion analysis indicated the presence of an enhancer element in the PpERS1 promoter. Temporal and spatial expression analysis of the PpERS1 promoter using histochemical GUS staining showed GUS activity in all tissues examined throughout the development of transgenic tomato plants. Exposure to various stresses caused similar changes in expression patterns in peach and transgenic tomato plants. Overall, our results suggested that PpERS1 gene might play important roles in response to multiple stresses via signal transduction mediated by ethylene receptors. The characterization of the PpERS1 promoter contributes to our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of this ethylene receptor in peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao-An Long
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guo-Huai Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Establés-Ortiz B, Romero P, Ballester AR, González-Candelas L, Lafuente MT. Inhibiting ethylene perception with 1-methylcyclopropene triggers molecular responses aimed to cope with cell toxicity and increased respiration in citrus fruits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 103:154-66. [PMID: 26990405 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has been critical in understanding the hormone's mode of action. However, 1-MCP may trigger other processes that could vary the interpretation of results related until now to ethylene, which we aim to understand by using transcriptomic analysis. Transcriptomic changes in ethylene and 1-MCP-treated 'Navelate' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) oranges were studied in parallel with changes in ethylene production, respiration and peel damage. The effects of compounds modifying the levels of the ethylene co-product cyanide and nitric oxide (NO) on fruit physiology were also studied. Results suggested that: 1) The ethylene treatment caused sub-lethal stress since it induced stress-related responses and reduced peel damage; 2) 1-MCP induced ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent responsive networks; 3) 1-MCP triggered ethylene overproduction, stress-related responses and metabolic shifts aimed to cope with cell toxicity, which mostly affected to the inner part of the peel (albedo); 4) 1-MCP increased respiration and drove metabolism reconfiguration for favoring energy conservation but up-regulated genes related to lipid and protein degradation and triggered the over-expression of genes associated with the plasma membrane cellular component; 5) Xenobiotics and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) might act as signals for defense responses in the ethylene-treated fruit, while their uncontrolled generation would induce processes mimicking cell death and damage in 1-MCP-treated fruit; 6) ROS, the ethylene co-product cyanide and NO may converge in the toxic effects of 1-MCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Establés-Ortiz
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paco Romero
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana-Rosa Ballester
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
| | - Luis González-Candelas
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
| | - María T Lafuente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
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Zeng JK, Li X, Xu Q, Chen JY, Yin XR, Ferguson IB, Chen KS. EjAP2-1, an AP2/ERF gene, is a novel regulator of fruit lignification induced by chilling injury, via interaction with EjMYB transcription factors. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1325-34. [PMID: 25778106 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lignin biosynthesis is regulated by many transcription factors, such as those of the MYB and NAC families. However, the roles of AP2/ERF transcription factors in lignin biosynthesis have been rarely investigated. Eighteen EjAP2/ERF genes were isolated from loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica), which undergoes postharvest lignification during low temperature storage. Among these, expression of EjAP2-1, a transcriptional repressor, was negatively correlated with fruit lignification. The dual-luciferase assay indicated that EjAP2-1 could trans-repress activities of promoters of lignin biosynthesis genes from both Arabidopsis and loquat. However, EjAP2-1 did not interact with the target promoters (Ej4CL1). Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays indicated protein-protein interactions between EjAP2-1 and lignin biosynthesis-related EjMYB1 and EjMYB2. Furthermore, repression effects on the Ej4CL1 promoter were observed with the combination of EjAP2-1 and EjMYB1 or EjMYB2, while EjAP2-1 with the EAR motif mutated (mEjAP2-1) lost such repression, although mEjAP2-1 still interacted with EjMYB protein. Based on these results, it is proposed that EjAP2-1 is an indirect transcriptional repressor on lignin biosynthesis, and the repression effects were manifested by EAR motifs and were conducted via protein-protein interaction with EjMYBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Ke Zeng
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ren Yin
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ian B Ferguson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kun-Song Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Megías Z, Martínez C, Manzano S, García A, Rebolloso-Fuentes MDM, Garrido D, Valenzuela JL, Jamilena M. Individual Shrink Wrapping of Zucchini Fruit Improves Postharvest Chilling Tolerance Associated with a Reduction in Ethylene Production and Oxidative Stress Metabolites. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133058. [PMID: 26177024 PMCID: PMC4503597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the effect of individual shrink wrapping (ISW) on the postharvest performance of refrigerated fruit from two zucchini cultivars that differ in their sensitivity to cold storage: Sinatra (more sensitive) and Natura (more tolerant). The fruit was individually shrink wrapped before storing at 4°C for 0, 7 and 14 days. Quality parameters, ethylene and CO2 productions, ethylene gene expression, and oxidative stress metabolites were assessed in shrink wrapped and non-wrapped fruit after conditioning the fruit for 6 hours at 20°C. ISW decreased significantly the postharvest deterioration of chilled zucchini in both cultivars. Weight loss was reduced to less than 1%, pitting symptoms were completely absent in ISW fruit at 7 days, and were less than 25% those of control fruits at 14 days of cold storage, and firmness loss was significantly reduced in the cultivar Sinatra. These enhancements in quality of ISW fruit were associated with a significant reduction in cold-induced ethylene production, in the respiration rate, and in the level of oxidative stress metabolites such as hydrogen peroxide and malonyldialdehyde (MDA). A detailed expression analysis of ethylene biosynthesis, perception and signaling genes demonstrated a downregulation of CpACS1 and CpACO1 genes in response to ISW, two genes that are upregulated by cold storage. However, the expression patterns of six other ethylene biosynthesis genes (CpACS2 to CpACS7) and five ethylene signal transduction pathway genes (CpCTR1, CpETR1, CpERS1, CpEIN3.1 and CpEN3.2), suggest that they do not play a major role in response to cold storage and ISW packaging. In conclusion, ISW zucchini packaging resulted in improved tolerance to chilling concomitantly with a reduction in oxidative stress, respiration rate and ethylene production, as well as in the expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes, but not of those involved in ethylene perception and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoraida Megías
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Agrifood, Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Agrifood, Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Susana Manzano
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Agrifood, Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Alicia García
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Agrifood, Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - María del Mar Rebolloso-Fuentes
- Departamento de Agronomía, Agrifood, Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Valenzuela
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Agrifood, Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Agrifood, Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
- * E-mail:
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26
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Li T, Yun Z, Zhang D, Yang C, Zhu H, Jiang Y, Duan X. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins involved in ethylene-induced chilling tolerance in harvested banana fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:845. [PMID: 26528309 PMCID: PMC4606070 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the mechanism involved in ethylene-induced chilling tolerance in harvested banana fruit, a gel-based proteomic study followed by MALDI-TOF-TOF MS was carried out. Banana fruit were treated with 500 ppm ethylene for 12 h and then stored at 6°C. During cold storage, the chilling tolerance was assessed and the proteins from the peel were extracted for proteomic analysis. It was observed that ethylene pretreatment significantly induced the chilling tolerance in harvested banana fruit, manifesting as increases in maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and decreased electrolyte leakage. Sixty-four proteins spots with significant differences in abundance were identified, most of which were induced by ethylene pretreatment during cold storage. The up-regulated proteins induced by ethylene pretreatment were mainly related to energy metabolism, stress response and defense, methionine salvage cycle and protein metabolism. These proteins were involved in ATP synthesis, ROS scavenging, protective compounds synthesis, protein refolding and degradation, and polyamine biosynthesis. It is suggested that these up-regulated proteins might play a role in the ethylene-induced chilling tolerance in harvested banana fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Ze Yun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuewu Duan
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27
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Zou Y, Zhang L, Rao S, Zhu X, Ye L, Chen W, Li X. The relationship between the expression of ethylene-related genes and papaya fruit ripening disorder caused by chilling injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116002. [PMID: 25542021 PMCID: PMC4277447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is sensitive to low temperature and easy to be subjected to chilling injury, which causes fruit ripening disorder. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of genes related to ethylene and fruit ripening disorder caused by chilling injury. Papaya fruits were firstly stored at 7°C and 12°C for 25 and 30 days, respectively, then treated with exogenous ethylene and followed by ripening at 25°C for 5 days. Chilling injury symptoms such as pulp water soaking were observed in fruit stored at 7°C on 20 days, whereas the coloration and softening were completely blocked after 25 days, Large differences in the changes in the expression levels of twenty two genes involved in ethylene were seen during 7°C-storage with chilling injury. Those genes with altered expression could be divided into three groups: the group of genes that were up-regulated, including ACS1/2/3, EIN2, EIN3s/EIL1, CTR1/2/3, and ERF1/3/4; the group of genes that were down-regulated, including ACO3, ETR1, CTR4, EBF2, and ERF2; and the group of genes that were un-regulated, including ACO1/2, ERS, and EBF1. The results also showed that pulp firmness had a significantly positive correlation with the expression of ACS2, ACO1, CTR1/4, EIN3a/b, and EBF1/2 in fruit without chilling injury. This positive correlation was changed to negative one in fruit after storage at 7°C for 25 days with chilling injury. The coloring index displayed significantly negative correlations with the expression levels of ACS2, ACO1/2, CTR4, EIN3a/b, ERF3 in fruit without chilling injury, but these correlations were changed into the positive ones in fruit after storage at 7°C for 25 days with chilling injury. All together, these results indicate that these genes may play important roles in the abnormal softening and coloration with chilling injury in papaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science and Technology of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science and Technology of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Shen Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science and Technology of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science and Technology of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science and Technology of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Weixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science and Technology of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science and Technology of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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28
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Lado J, Rodrigo MJ, Zacarías L. Analysis of ethylene biosynthesis and perception during postharvest cold storage of Marsh and Star Ruby grapefruits. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2014; 21:537-46. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013214553810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Grapefruits are among the citrus species more sensitive to cold and develop chilling injury symptoms during prolonged postharvest storage at temperatures lower than 8 ℃–10 ℃. The plant hormone ethylene has been described either to protect or potentiate chilling injury development in citrus whereas little is known about transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis, perception and response during cold storage and how the hormone is regulating its own perception and signaling cascade. Then, the objective of the present study was to explore the transcriptional changes in the expression of ethylene biosynthesis, receptors and response genes during cold storage of the white Marsh and the red Star Ruby grapefruits. The effect of the ethylene action inhibitor, 1-MCP, was evaluated to investigate the involvement of ethylene in the regulation of the genes of its own biosynthesis and perception pathway. Ethylene production was very low at the harvest time in fruits of both varieties and experienced only minor changes during storage. By contrast, inhibition of ethylene perception by 1-MCP markedly induced ethylene production, and this increase was highly stimulated during shelf-life at 20 ℃, as well as transcription of ACS and ACO. These results support the auto-inhibitory regulation of ethylene in grapefruits, which acts mainly at the transcriptional level of ACS and ACO genes. Moreover, ethylene receptor1 and ethylene receptor3 were induced by cold while no clear role of ethylene was observed in the induction of ethylene receptors. However, ethylene appears to be implicated in the transcriptional regulation of ERFs both under cold storage and shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lado
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Uruguay
| | - María Jesús Rodrigo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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29
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Shan W, Kuang JF, Lu WJ, Chen JY. Banana fruit NAC transcription factor MaNAC1 is a direct target of MaICE1 and involved in cold stress through interacting with MaCBF1. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2116-27. [PMID: 24548087 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have indicated that the banana ripening-induced MaNAC1, a NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) transcription factor (TF) gene, is regulated by ethylene during fruit ripening, and propylene, a functional ethylene analogue, induces cold tolerance of banana fruits. However, the involvement of MaNAC1 in propylene-induced cold tolerance of banana fruits is not understood. In the present work, the possible involvement of MaNAC1 in cold tolerance of banana fruits was investigated. MaNAC1 was noticeably induced by cold stress or following propylene treatment during cold storage. Transient protoplast assays showed that MaNAC1 promoter was activated by cold stress and ethylene treatment. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and transient expression assays demonstrated MaNAC1 as a novel direct target of MaICE1, and that the ability of MaICE1 binding to MaNAC1 promoter might be enhanced by MaICE1 phosphorylation and cold stress. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analyses revealed physical interaction between MaNAC1 and MaCBF1, a downstream component of inducer of C-repeat binding factor (CBF) expression 1 (ICE1) in cold signalling. Taken together, these results suggest that the cold-responsive MaNAC1 may be involved in cold tolerance of banana fruits through its interaction with ICE1-CBF cold signalling pathway, providing new insights into the regulatory activity of NAC TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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30
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Xu Q, Yin XR, Zeng JK, Ge H, Song M, Xu CJ, Li X, Ferguson IB, Chen KS. Activator- and repressor-type MYB transcription factors are involved in chilling injury induced flesh lignification in loquat via their interactions with the phenylpropanoid pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4349-59. [PMID: 24860186 PMCID: PMC4112638 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lignin biosynthesis and its transcriptional regulatory networks have been studied in model plants and woody trees. However, lignification also occurs in some fleshy fruit and has rarely been considered in this way. Loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica ) is one such convenient tissue for exploring the transcription factors involved in regulating fruit flesh lignification. Firmness and lignin content of 'Luoyangqing' loquat were fund to increase during low-temperature storage as a typical symptom of chilling injury, while heat treatment (HT) and low-temperature conditioning (LTC) effectively alleviated them. Two novel EjMYB genes, EjMYB1 and EjMYB2, were isolated and were found to be localized in the nucleus. These genes responded differently to low temperature, with EjMYB1 induced and EjMYB2 inhibited at 0 °C. They also showed different temperature responses under HT and LTC conditions, and may be responsible for different regulation of flesh lignification at the transcriptional level. Transactivation assays indicated that EjMYB1 and EjMYB2 are a transcriptional activator and repressor, respectively. EjMYB1 activated promoters of both Arabidopsis and loquat lignin biosynthesis genes, while EjMYB2 countered the inductive effects of EjMYB1. This finding was also supported by transient overexpression in tobacco. Regulation of lignification by EjMYB1 and EjMYB2 is likely to be achieved via their competitive interaction with AC elements in the promoter region of lignin biosynthesis genes such as Ej4CL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jiao-ke Zeng
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Hang Ge
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Min Song
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chang-Jie Xu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ian B Ferguson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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31
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Pareek S, Benkeblia N, Janick J, Cao S, Yahia EM. Postharvest physiology and technology of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1495-1504. [PMID: 24395491 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a subtropical evergreen tree whose fruit is consumed both fresh and processed. Loquat fruit is a good source of minerals and carotenoids, while the kernel is rich in protein and carbohydrates. It has been considered a non-climacteric fruit, but there is evidence that some cultivars have a ripening pattern similar to that of climacteric fruits. The fruit has a short postharvest life at ambient temperatures and is susceptible to physical and mechanical damage, loss of moisture and nutrients, and decay. Low-temperature storage extends the shelf life of loquat fruit, but some cultivars are severely affected by chilling injury and flesh browning during cold storage. Purple spot, browning and leatheriness are major postharvest disorders. The shelf life of loquat can be extended by modified or controlled atmosphere storage as well as by postharvest treatment with 1-methyl cyclopropene or methyl jasmonate.
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32
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Vicente AR, Manganaris GA, Minas IS, Goulas V, Lafuente MT. Cell wall modifications and ethylene-induced tolerance to non-chilling peel pitting in citrus fruit. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 210:46-52. [PMID: 23849112 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-chilling peel pitting (NCPP), a storage disorder resulting in the formation of depressed areas in the peel of many citrus cultivars, is reduced by ethylene treatments. We hypothesized that this effect may be associated with biochemical changes of cell wall components. Therefore, we extracted cell wall material from albedo and flavedo tissues of 'Navelate' oranges stored in air, conditioned with ethylene (2μLL(-1)) for 4 days and subsequently transferred to air, or continuously stored in an ethylene-enriched atmosphere (2μLL(-1)). Uronic acids and neutral sugars were extracted into five fractions enriched in specific wall polymers namely water-, CDTA-, Na2CO3-, and 1 and 4M KOH-soluble fractions. Pectin insolubilization was found in control fruit at long storage times. Ethylene treatments, alleviating NCPP, increased polyuronide solubility in the albedo and had a slight effect on the flavedo. Ethylene-treated fruit showed greater content of water-soluble neutral sugars and a larger proportion of hemicelluloses readily extractable with 1M KOH, with a concomitant reduction in the 4M KOH-soluble fraction. This suggests that the protective role of ethylene on NCPP is associated with an increased solubilization of the wall of albedo cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel R Vicente
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET-UNLP, 47 y 116, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
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33
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Massolo JF, Concellón A, Chaves AR, Vicente AR. Use of 1-methylcyclopropene to complement refrigeration and ameliorate chilling injury symptoms in summer squash. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2012.676069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Yin XR, Shi YN, Min T, Luo ZR, Yao YC, Xu Q, Ferguson I, Chen KS. Expression of ethylene response genes during persimmon fruit astringency removal. PLANTA 2012; 235:895-906. [PMID: 22101946 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen ethylene signaling related genes were isolated and studied during ripening of non-astringent 'Yangfeng' and astringent 'Mopan' persimmon fruit. Some of these genes were characterized as ethylene responsive. Treatments, including ethylene and CO(2), had different effects on persimmon ripening, but overlapping roles in astringency removal, such as increasing the reduction in levels of soluble tannins. DkERS1, DkETR2, and DkERF8, may participate in persimmon fruit ripening and softening. The expression patterns of DkETR2, DkERF4, and DkERF5 had significant correlations with decreases in soluble tannins in 'Mopan' persimmon fruit, suggesting that these genes might be key components in persimmon fruit astringency removal and be the linkage between different treatments, while DkERF1 and DkERF6 may be specifically involved in CO(2) induced astringency removal. The possible roles of ethylene signaling genes in persimmon fruit astringency removal are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-ren Yin
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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Fu X, Kong W, Peng G, Zhou J, Azam M, Xu C, Grierson D, Chen K. Plastid structure and carotenogenic gene expression in red- and white-fleshed loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) fruits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:341-54. [PMID: 21994170 PMCID: PMC3245473 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) can be sorted into red- and white-fleshed cultivars. The flesh of Luoyangqing (LYQ, red-fleshed) appears red-orange because of a high content of carotenoids while the flesh of Baisha (BS, white-fleshed) appears ivory white due to a lack of carotenoid accumulation. The carotenoid content in the peel and flesh of LYQ was approximately 68 μg g(-1) and 13 μg g(-1) fresh weight (FW), respectively, and for BS 19 μg g(-1) and 0.27 μg g(-1) FW. The mRNA levels of 15 carotenogenesis-related genes were analysed during fruit development and ripening. After the breaker stage (S4), the mRNA levels of phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase (CYCB) were higher in the peel, and CYCB and β-carotene hydroxylase (BCH) mRNAs were higher in the flesh of LYQ, compared with BS. Plastid morphogenesis during fruit ripening was also studied. The ultrastructure of plastids in the peel of BS changed less than in LYQ during fruit development. Two different chromoplast shapes were observed in the cells of LYQ peel and flesh at the fully ripe stage. Carotenoids were incorporated in the globules in chromoplasts of LYQ and BS peel but were in a crystalline form in the chromoplasts of LYQ flesh. However, no chromoplast structure was found in the cells of fully ripe BS fruit flesh. The mRNA level of plastid lipid-associated protein (PAP) in the peel and flesh of LYQ was over five times higher than in BS peel and flesh. In conclusion, the lower carotenoid content in BS fruit was associated with the lower mRNA levels of PSY1, CYCB, and BCH; however, the failure to develop normal chromoplasts in BS flesh is the most convincing explanation for the lack of carotenoid accumulation. The expression of PAP was well correlated with chromoplast numbers and carotenoid accumulation, suggesting its possible role in chromoplast biogenesis or interconversion of loquat fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenbin Kong
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Azam
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changjie Xu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Don Grierson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Parra-Lobato MC, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Polyamine-induced modulation of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signalling pathways and nitric oxide production during olive mature fruit abscission. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:4447-65. [PMID: 21633085 PMCID: PMC3170544 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
After fruit ripening, many fruit-tree species undergo massive natural fruit abscission. Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a stone-fruit with cultivars such as Picual (PIC) and Arbequina (ARB) which differ in mature fruit abscission potential. Ethylene (ET) is associated with abscission, but its role during mature fruit abscission remains largely uncharacterized. The present study investigates the possible roles of ET and polyamine (PA) during mature fruit abscission by modulating genes involved in the ET signalling and biosynthesis pathways in the abscission zone (AZ) of both cultivars. Five ET-related genes (OeACS2, OeACO2, OeCTR1, OeERS1, and OeEIL2) were isolated in the AZ and adjacent cells (AZ-AC), and their expression in various olive organs and during mature fruit abscission, in relation to interactions between ET and PA and the expression induction of these genes, was determined. OeACS2, OeACO2, and OeEIL2 were found to be the only genes that were up-regulated in association with mature fruit abscission. Using the inhibition of ET and PA biosynthesis, it is demonstrated that OeACS2 and OeEIL2 expression are under the negative control of PA while ET induces their expression in AZ-AC. Furthermore, mature fruit abscission depressed nitric oxide (NO) production present mainly in the epidermal cells and xylem of the AZ. Also, NO production was differentially responsive to ET, PA, and different inhibitors. Taken together, the results indicate that PA-dependent ET signalling and biosynthesis pathways participate, at least partially, during mature fruit abscission, and that endogenous NO and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid maintain an inverse correlation, suggesting an antagonistic action of NO and ET in abscission signalling.
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Yan SC, Chen JY, Yu WM, Kuang JF, Chen WX, Li XP, Lu WJ. Expression of genes associated with ethylene-signalling pathway in harvested banana fruit in response to temperature and 1-MCP treatment. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:650-7. [PMID: 21302318 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little attention has been paid to characterising the ethylene-signalling pathway genes in relation to abnormal ripening of harvested banana fruit during storage at high temperature. The aim of the present study was to investigate banana fruit abnormal ripening and the expression of ten genes associated with the ethylene-signalling pathway, namely MaACS1, MaACO1, MaERS1-4 and MaEIL1-4, at high temperature. Changes in these parameters of banana fruit at high temperature in response to 1-MCP pretreatment were also investigated. RESULTS High temperature accelerated the decline in fruit firmness, increased ethylene production and inhibited degreening in banana fruit, resulting in fruit abnormal ripening. In addition, the expression of MaACS1, MaACO1, MaERS2, MaERS3, MaERS4, MaEIL1, MaEIL3 and MaEIL4 was enhanced in banana fruit stored at high temperature. However, application of 1-MCP prior to high temperature storage delayed fruit abnormal ripening and simultaneously suppressed the expression of MaACS1, MaERS2, MaERS3, MaEIL1, MaEIL3 and MaEIL4. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggested that the expression of genes associated with the ethylene-signalling pathway might be involved in banana fruit abnormal ripening at high temperature. Application of 1-MCP suppressed the expression of genes associated with the ethylene-signalling pathway, which may be attributed at least partially to 1-MCP delaying fruit abnormal ripening at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Cheng Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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