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Kutyrieva-Nowak N, Leszczuk A, Denic D, Bellaidi S, Blazakis K, Gemeliari P, Lis M, Kalaitzis P, Zdunek A. In vivo and ex vivo study on cell wall components as part of the network in tomato fruit during the ripening process. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae145. [PMID: 38988613 PMCID: PMC11233857 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Ripening is a process involving various morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in fruits. This process is affected by modifications in the cell wall structure, particularly in the composition of polysaccharides and proteins. The cell wall assembly is a network of polysaccharides and proteoglycans named the arabinoxylan pectin arabinogalactan protein1 (APAP1). The complex consists of the arabinogalactan protein (AGP) core with the pectin domain including arabinogalactan (AG) type II, homogalacturonan (HG), and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I). The present paper aims to determine the impact of a disturbance in the synthesis of one constituent on the integrity of the cell wall. Therefore, in the current work, we have tested the impact of modified expression of the SlP4H3 gene connected with proline hydroxylase (P4H) activity on AGP presence in the fruit matrix. Using an immunolabelling technique (CLSM), an immunogold method (TEM), molecular tools, and calcium mapping (SEM-EDS), we have demonstrated that disturbances in AGP synthesis affect the entire cell wall structure. Changes in the spatio-temporal AGP distribution may be related to the formation of a network between AGPs with other cell wall components. Moreover, the modified structure of the cell wall assembly induces morphological changes visible at the cellular level during the progression of the ripening process. These results support the hypothesis that AGPs and pectins are required for the proper progression of the physiological processes occurring in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Leszczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dusan Denic
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Samia Bellaidi
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Blazakis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Petroula Gemeliari
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Magdalena Lis
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Panagiotis Kalaitzis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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2
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de Mello T, Catrinck MN, Cipriano DF, Amaral HR, Hegedus CEN, Schmildt ER, Ferreira A, Dos Santos HO, Lopes JC, Otoni CG, Otoni WC, de Freitas JCC, Alexandre RS. Mannans: Structural carbohydrates produced during seed maturation in Euterpe edulis Martius, an Atlantic Forest species vulnerable to extinction. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131663. [PMID: 38636760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Palm seedlings are visually selected from mature fruits in a slow process that leads to nonuniform germination and high embryo mortality. In this study, we determined the levels of monosaccharides, their crystallinity, and their role in the formation of Euterpe edulis endosperm during seed maturation. Seeds harvested from 108 to 262 days after anthesis (DAA) were analyzed morphologically, physiologically, and chemically to measure soluble and insoluble lignins, ashes, structural carbohydrates, degree of crystallinity, and endo-β-mannanase. The seeds achieved maximum germination and vigor at 164 DAA. During the early stages, only compounds with a low structural order were formed. The contents of soluble and insoluble lignins, ashes, glucans, and galactans decreased during maturation. Those of mannans, the main structural carbohydrate in the endosperm, increased along with the degree of crystallinity, as suggested by a mannan-I-type X-ray diffraction pattern. Similarly, endo-β-mannanase activity peaked at 262 DAA. The superior physiological outcome of seeds and seedlings at 164 DAA implies a 98-day shorter harvesting time. The state of mannans during seed maturation could be used as a marker to improve seedling production by E. edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamyris de Mello
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Av. Gov. Lindemberg 316, Centro, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Neves Catrinck
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Agronomy, Alto Universitário s/n, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fernandes Cipriano
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Laboratory of Carbon and Ceramic Materials, Department of Physics, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Heliane Rosa Amaral
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Laboratory of Carbon and Ceramic Materials, Department of Physics, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Clovis Eduardo Nunes Hegedus
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Av. Gov. Lindemberg 316, Centro, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil
| | - Edilson Romais Schmildt
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Norte Fluminense University Center, Department of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Highway BR 101 Norte km 60, Litorâneo, 29932-540 São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Adésio Ferreira
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Agronomy, Alto Universitário s/n, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | | | - José Carlos Lopes
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Agronomy, Alto Universitário s/n, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Caio Gomide Otoni
- Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Federal University of Viçosa/UFV, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, BIOAGRO, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Jair Carlos Checon de Freitas
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Laboratory of Carbon and Ceramic Materials, Department of Physics, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Av. Gov. Lindemberg 316, Centro, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil
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3
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Sadaqat B, Dar MA, Sha C, Abomohra A, Shao W, Yong YC. Thermophilic β-mannanases from bacteria: production, resources, structural features and bioengineering strategies. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:130. [PMID: 38460032 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
β-mannanases are pivotal enzymes that cleave the mannan backbone to release short chain mannooligosaccharides, which have tremendous biotechnological applications including food/feed, prebiotics and biofuel production. Due to the high temperature conditions in many industrial applications, thermophilic mannanases seem to have great potential to overcome the thermal impediments. Thus, structural analysis of thermostable β-mannanases is extremely important, as it could open up new avenues for genetic engineering, and protein engineering of these enzymes with enhanced properties and catalytic efficiencies. Under this scope, the present review provides a state-of-the-art discussion on the thermophilic β-mannanases from bacterial origin, their production, engineering and structural characterization. It covers broad insights into various molecular biology techniques such as gene mutagenesis, heterologous gene expression, and protein engineering, that are employed to improve the catalytic efficiency and thermostability of bacterial mannanases for potential industrial applications. Further, the bottlenecks associated with mannanase production and process optimization are also discussed. Finally, future research related to bioengineering of mannanases with novel protein expression systems for commercial applications are also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenish Sadaqat
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mudasir A Dar
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Sha
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdelfatah Abomohra
- Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Weilan Shao
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Zhang R, Li B, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Li L. An essential role for mannan degradation in both cell growth and secondary cell wall formation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1407-1420. [PMID: 37978883 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of secondary cell wall deposition and cell expansion during plant growth is required for cell development, particularly in vascular tissues. Yet the fundamental coordination process has received little attention. We observed that the Arabidopsis endo-1,4-mannanase gene, AtMAN6, is involved in the formation of cell walls in vascular tissues. In the inflorescence stem, the man6 mutant had smaller vessel cells with thicker secondary cell walls and shorter fiber cells. Elongation growth was reduced in the root, and secondary cell wall deposition in vessel cells occurred early. Overexpression of AtMAN6 resulted in the inverse phenotypes of the man6 mutant. AtMAN6 was discovered on the plasma membrane and was specifically expressed in vessel cells during its early development. The AtMAN6 protein degraded galactoglucomannan to produce oligosaccharides, which caused secondary cell wall deposition in vessel and fiber cells to be suppressed. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of genes involved in the regulation of secondary cell wall synthesis was changed in both man6 mutant and AtMAN6 overexpression plants. AtMAN6's C-terminal cysteine repeat motif (CCRM) was found to facilitate homodimerization and is required for its activity. According to the findings, the oligosaccharides produced by AtMAN6 hydrolysis may act as a signal to mediate this coordination between cell growth and secondary cell wall deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunjun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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5
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Zamorski R, Baba K, Noda T, Sawada R, Miyata K, Itoh T, Kaku H, Shibuya N. Variety-dependent accumulation of glucomannan in the starchy endosperm and aleurone cell walls of rice grains and its possible genetic basis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:321-336. [PMID: 38434111 PMCID: PMC10905567 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Plant cell wall plays important roles in the regulation of plant growth/development and affects the quality of plant-derived food and industrial materials. On the other hand, genetic variability of cell wall structure within a plant species has not been well understood. Here we show that the endosperm cell walls, including both starchy endosperm and aleurone layer, of rice grains with various genetic backgrounds are clearly classified into two groups depending on the presence/absence of β-1,4-linked glucomannan. All-or-none distribution of the glucomannan accumulation among rice varieties is very different from the varietal differences of arabinoxylan content in wheat and barley, which showed continuous distributions. Immunoelectron microscopic observation suggested that the glucomannan was synthesized in the early stage of endosperm development, but the synthesis was down-regulated during the secondary thickening process associated with the differentiation of aleurone layer. Significant amount of glucomannan in the cell walls of the glucomannan-positive varieties, i.e., 10% or more of the starchy endosperm cell walls, and its close association with the cellulose microfibril suggested possible effects on the physicochemical/biochemical properties of these cell walls. Comparative genomic analysis indicated the presence of striking differences between OsCslA12 genes of glucomannan-positive and negative rice varieties, Kitaake and Nipponbare, which seems to explain the all-or-none glucomannan cell wall trait in the rice varieties. Identification of the gene responsible for the glucomannan accumulation could lead the way to clarify the effect of the accumulation of glucomannan on the agronomic traits of rice by using genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Zamorski
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
- National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland
| | - Kei’ichi Baba
- Wood Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Memuro, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Rimpei Sawada
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Inc., Mobara, Chiba 297-0017, Japan
| | - Kana Miyata
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takao Itoh
- Wood Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hanae Kaku
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Naoto Shibuya
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
- National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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6
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Yu LL, Xu F. MAN5, a Glycosyl Hydrolase Superfamily Protein, Is a Key Factor Involved in Cyanide-Promoted Seed Germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1361. [PMID: 37510266 PMCID: PMC10379673 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed germination is the complex adaptive trait of higher plants influenced by a large number of genes and environmental factors. Numerous studies have been performed to better understand how germination is controlled by various environmental factors and applied chemicals, such as cyanide. However, still very little is known about the molecular mechanisms of how extrinsic signals regulate seed germination. Our and previous studies found that non-lethal cyanide treatment promotes seed germination, but the regulatory mechanism is unclear. In this study, we found that a low concentration of cyanide pretreatment significantly enhanced the expression of endo-β-mannanase 5 (MAN5) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, and the mutation of this gene impaired cyanide-mediated seed germination. In contrast, overexpression of MAN5 gene enhanced Arabidopsis seed germination ability under both normal and salt stress conditions. Further studies showed that the expression of the MAN5 gene was negatively regulated by ABA insensitive 5 (ABI5); In abi5 mutant seeds, the expression of the MAN5 gene was increased and the seed germination rate was accelerated. Additionally, cyanide pretreatment markedly reduced the gene expression of ABI5 in Arabidopsis seeds. Taken together, our data support the involvement of MAN5 as a key gene in cyanide-mediated seed germination and confirm the role of ABI5 as a critical negative factor involved in cyanide-regulated MAN5 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Yu
- Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, China;
| | - Fei Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, China
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7
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Wu Q, Meng YT, Feng ZH, Shen RF, Zhu XF. The endo-beta mannase MAN7 contributes to cadmium tolerance by modulating root cell wall binding capacity in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36965189 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is detrimental to crop growth and threatens human health through the food chain. To cope with Cd toxicity, plants employ multiple strategies to decrease Cd uptake and its root-to-shoot translocation. However, genes that participate in the Cd-induced transcriptional regulatory network, including those encoding transcription factors, remain largely unidentified. In this study, we demonstrate that ENDO-BETA-MANNASE 7 (MAN7) is necessary for the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to toxic Cd levels. We show that MAN7 is responsible for mannase activity and modulates mannose content in the cell wall, which plays a role in Cd compartmentalization in the cell wall under Cd toxicity conditions. Additionally, the repression of root growth by Cd was partially reversed via exogenous application of mannose, suggesting that MAN7-mediated cell wall Cd redistribution depends on the mannose pathway. Notably, we identified a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, bZIP44, that acts upstream of MAN7 in response to Cd toxicity. Transient dual-luciferase assays indicated that bZIP44 directly binds to the MAN7 promoter region and activates its transcription. Loss of bZIP44 function was associated with greater sensitivity to Cd treatment and higher accumulation of the heavy metal in roots and shoots. Moreover, MAN7 overexpression relieved the inhibition of root elongation seen in the bzip44 mutant under Cd toxicity conditions. This study thus reveals a pathway showing that MAN7-associated Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis is controlled by bZIP44 upon Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Ting Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi Hang Feng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Zhao X, Zeng L, Wang J, Shi Y, Zhang B, Liu Y, Pan Y, Li X. Quantitative N-Glycomic and N-Glycoproteomic Profiling of Peach [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] during Fruit Ripening. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:885-895. [PMID: 36725203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Being part of the human diet, peach is an important fruit consumed worldwide. In the present study, a systematic first insight into the N-glycosylation of peach fruit during ripening was provided. First, N-glycome by reactive matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry indicated that 6 of 24 N-glycans of peach were differentially expressed. Second, a comparative N-glycoproteome was characterized via 18O-tagged N-glycosylation site labeling followed by nano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). Totally 1464 N-glycosites on 881 N-glycoproteins were identified, among which 291 N-glycosites on 237 N-glycoproteins were expressed differentially with a fold change value of 1.5 or 0.67. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG revealed that four pathways including other glycan degradation, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were mainly enriched, in which several important N-glycoproteins with dynamic change during fruit ripening were further screened out. Our findings on a large scale for N-glycosylation analysis of peach fruit during ripening may provide new molecular insights for comprehending N-glycoprotein functions, which should be of great interest to both glycobiologists and analytical chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanna Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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9
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Bergstrom E, Lahnstein J, Collins H, Page TM, Bulone V, Diaz-Pulido G. Cell wall organic matrix composition and biomineralization across reef-building coralline algae under global change. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:111-125. [PMID: 36301224 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are one of the most important benthic substrate consolidators on coral reefs through their ability to deposit calcium carbonate on an organic matrix in their cell walls. Discrete polysaccharides have been recognized for their role in biomineralization, yet little is known about the carbohydrate composition of organic matrices across CCA taxa and whether they have the capacity to modulate their organic matrix constituents amidst environmental change, particularly the threats of ocean acidification (OA) and warming. We simulated elevated pCO2 and temperature (IPCC RCP 8.5) and subjected four mid-shelf Great Barrier Reef species of CCA to 2 months of experimentation. To assess the variability in surficial monosaccharide composition and biomineralization across species and treatments, we determined the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides present in the cell walls of surficial algal tissue and quantified calcification. Our results revealed dissimilarity among species' monosaccharide constituents, which suggests that organic matrices are composed of different polysaccharides across CCA taxa. We also observed that species differentially modulate composition in response to ocean acidification and warming. Our findings suggest that both variability in composition and ability to modulate monosaccharide abundance may play a crucial role in surficial biomineralization dynamics under the stress of OA and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Bergstrom
- School of Environment & Science and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Jelle Lahnstein
- Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Helen Collins
- Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Tessa M Page
- School of Environment & Science and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia, 5064, Australia
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Health Sciences Building, Flinders University, Bedford Park Campus, Sturt Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Guillermo Diaz-Pulido
- School of Environment & Science, Coastal & Marine Research Centre and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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10
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Singh J, Kaushik S, Maharana C, Jhingan GD, Dhar DW. Elevated inorganic carbon and salinity enhances photosynthesis and ATP synthesis in picoalga Picocystis salinarum as revealed by label free quantitative proteomics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1059199. [PMID: 36937286 PMCID: PMC10020504 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1059199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Saline soda lakes are of immense ecological value as they niche some of the most exclusive haloalkaliphilic communities dominated by bacterial and archaeal domains, with few eukaryotic algal representatives. A handful reports describe Picocystis as a key primary producer with great production rates in extremely saline alkaline habitats. An extremely haloalkaliphilic picoalgal strain, Picocystis salinarum SLJS6 isolated from hypersaline soda lake Sambhar, Rajasthan, India, grew robustly in an enriched soda lake medium containing mainly Na2CO3, 50 g/l; NaHCO3, 50 g/l, NaCl, 50 g/l (salinity ≈150‰) at pH 10. To elucidate the molecular basis of such adaptation to high inorganic carbon and NaCl concentrations, a high-throughput label-free quantitation based quantitative proteomics approach was applied. Out of the total 383 proteins identified in treated samples, 225 were differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), of which 150 were statistically significant (p < 0.05) including 70 upregulated and 64 downregulated proteins after 3 days of growth in highly saline-alkaline medium. Most DAPs were involved in photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, glucose metabolism and ribosomal structural components envisaging that photosynthesis and ATP synthesis were central to the salinity-alkalinity response. Key components of photosynthetic machinery like photosystem reaction centres, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase ATP, Rubisco, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase were highly upregulated. Enzymes peptidylprolyl isomerases (PPIase), important for correct protein folding showed remarkable marked-up regulation along with other chaperon proteins indicating their role in osmotic adaptation. Enhanced photosynthetic activity exhibited by P. salinarum in highly saline-alkaline condition is noteworthy as photosynthesis is suppressed under hyperosmotic conditions in most photosynthetic organisms. The study provided the first insights into the proteome of extremophilic alga P. salinarum exhibiting extraordinary osmotic adaptation and proliferation in polyextreme conditions prevailing in saline sodic ecosystems, potentially unraveling the basis of resilience in this not so known organism and paves the way for a promising future candidate for biotechnological applications and model organism for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of osmotic adaptation. The mass spectrometry proteomics data is available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD037170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
- *Correspondence: Jyoti Singh,
| | - Shubham Kaushik
- Vproteomics, Valerian Chem Private Limited, New Delhi, India
| | - Chinmaya Maharana
- Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
- Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Dolly Wattal Dhar
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Schambach JY, Kruse CPS, Kitin P, Mays W, Hunt CG, Starkenburg SR, Barry AN. Metabolism of Scenedesmus obliquus cultivated with raw plant substrates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:992702. [PMID: 36531386 PMCID: PMC9757167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The potential benefits of adding raw, non-food, lignocellulosic plant material as a carbon source for mixotrophic growth of microalgae have previously been demonstrated. This approach has advantages over using traditional carbon sources like glucose or acetate due to wide-spread plant biomass availability and substrate recalcitrance to bacterial contamination. Here, we report the overall growth characteristics and explore the metabolic patterns of Scenedesmus obliquus cultured in the presence raw plant substrate. An initial screen of plant substrate candidates showed an increase in specific growth rate and biomass accumulation when S. obliquus was cultured in the presence of switchgrass or yard waste compared to media alone. We observed a near doubling of microalgal dry weight when S. obliquus was grown with 0.2% (w/v) switchgrass under ambient CO2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of corn stem after S. obliquus cultivation exhibited substantial phloem degradation. Transcriptomic analyses of S. obliquus during mid- and late-log phase growth revealed a dynamic metabolic landscape within many KEGG pathways. Notably, differential expression was observed for several potential glycosyl hydrolases. We also investigated the influence of switchgrass on the growth of S. obliquus at 50 L volume in mini raceway ponds to determine the scalability of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Y. Schambach
- Molecular and Microbiology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Colin P. S. Kruse
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Peter Kitin
- Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Biopolymer Science and Engineering, U.S. Forest Service, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Wittney Mays
- Computational Biology and Biophysics Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Christopher G. Hunt
- Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Biopolymer Science and Engineering, U.S. Forest Service, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Shawn R. Starkenburg
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Amanda N. Barry
- Molecular and Microbiology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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12
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Herburger K, Głazowska S, Mravec J. Bricks out of the wall: polysaccharide extramural functions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1231-1241. [PMID: 35989161 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides are components of plant cell walls and/or store energy. However, this oversimplified classification neglects the fact that some cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins can localize outside the relatively sharp boundaries of the apoplastic moiety, where they adopt functions not directly related to the cell wall. Such polysaccharide multifunctionality (or 'moonlighting') is overlooked in current research, and in most cases the underlying mechanisms that give rise to unconventional ex muro trafficking, targeting, and functions of polysaccharides and glycoproteins remain elusive. This review highlights major examples of the extramural occurrence of various glycan cell wall components, discusses the possible significance and implications of these phenomena for plant physiology, and lists exciting open questions to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Herburger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Sylwia Głazowska
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark.
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13
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Ayada H, Dhioui B, Mazouz H, El Harrak A, Jaiti F, Ouhmidou B, Diouri M, Moumni M. In silico comparative genomic analysis unravels a new candidate protein arsenal specifically associated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19098. [PMID: 36351932 PMCID: PMC9646873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp albedinis (Foa) is a devastating fungus of date palms. To unravel the genetic characteristics associated with its pathogenesis, the two available genomes of Foa 133 and Foa 9 were compared with 49 genomes of 29 other pathogenic formae speciales belonging to Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC). Foa 133 and Foa 9 have genomes of 56.23 Mb and 65.56 Mb with 17460 and 19514 putative coding genes. Of these genes, 30% lack functional annotation with no similarity to characterized proteins. The remaining genes were involved in pathways essential to the fungi's life and their adaptation. Foa secretome analysis revealed that both Foa strains possess an expanded number of secreted effectors (3003 in Foa 133 and 2418 in Foa 9). Those include effectors encoded by Foa unique genes that are involved in Foa penetration (Egh16-like family), host defense mechanisms suppression (lysM family) and pathogen protection (cysteine-rich protein family). The accessory protein SIX6, which induces plant cell death, was also predicted in Foa. Further analysis of secreted CAZymes revealed an arsenal of enzymes involved in plant cell wall degradation. This arsenal includes an exclusively Foa-specific CAZyme (GH5-7). Transcription factors and membrane transporters (MFS) involved in fungicide efflux have been predicted in Foa, in addition to a variety of secondary metabolites. These comprise mycotoxins as well as chrysogin, the latter provides Foa with resistance against adverse environmental conditions. Our results revealed new Foa proteins that could be targeted in future research in order to manage Bayoud disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafida Ayada
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Meknès, Morocco.
| | - Boutayna Dhioui
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Hamid Mazouz
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Abdelhay El Harrak
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Fatima Jaiti
- Biodiversity, Environment and Plant Protection Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Ouhmidou
- Microbial biotechnology and bioactive molecules laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Diouri
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Mohieddine Moumni
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknès, Meknès, Morocco.
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14
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Yu L, Yoshimi Y, Cresswell R, Wightman R, Lyczakowski JJ, Wilson LFL, Ishida K, Stott K, Yu X, Charalambous S, Wurman-Rodrich J, Terrett OM, Brown SP, Dupree R, Temple H, Krogh KBRM, Dupree P. Eudicot primary cell wall glucomannan is related in synthesis, structure, and function to xyloglucan. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4600-4622. [PMID: 35929080 PMCID: PMC9614514 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hemicellulose polysaccharides influence assembly and properties of the plant primary cell wall (PCW), perhaps by interacting with cellulose to affect the deposition and bundling of cellulose fibrils. However, the functional differences between plant cell wall hemicelluloses such as glucomannan, xylan, and xyloglucan (XyG) remain unclear. As the most abundant hemicellulose, XyG is considered important in eudicot PCWs, but plants devoid of XyG show relatively mild phenotypes. We report here that a patterned β-galactoglucomannan (β-GGM) is widespread in eudicot PCWs and shows remarkable similarities to XyG. The sugar linkages forming the backbone and side chains of β-GGM are analogous to those that make up XyG, and moreover, these linkages are formed by glycosyltransferases from the same CAZy families. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that β-GGM shows low mobility in the cell wall, consistent with interaction with cellulose. Although Arabidopsis β-GGM synthesis mutants show no obvious growth defects, genetic crosses between β-GGM and XyG mutants produce exacerbated phenotypes compared with XyG mutants. These findings demonstrate a related role of these two similar but distinct classes of hemicelluloses in PCWs. This work opens avenues to study the roles of β-GGM and XyG in PCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Yoshihisa Yoshimi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | | | - Raymond Wightman
- Microscopy Core Facility, Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | | | | | - Konan Ishida
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Katherine Stott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Stephan Charalambous
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | | | - Oliver M Terrett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ray Dupree
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Henry Temple
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
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15
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Mandal S, Nagi GK, Corcoran AA, Agrawal R, Dubey M, Hunt RW. Algal polysaccharides for 3D printing: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 300:120267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Structure and bioactivity of apple pectin isolated with arabinanase and mannanase. Food Chem 2022; 388:133020. [PMID: 35483285 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It was assumed that, high purity endo-arabinanase and endo-mannanase could be useful in the isolation of pectin of enhanced health-promoting potential. Extraction was carried out with 50 U of enzymes per gram of apple pomace at 40 °C, obtaining up to 22% increase in effectiveness, as compared to the acid extraction. The pectins, despite their high Mw, were homogeneous and contained more galacturonic acid, rhamnose, galactose, fucose, and ferulic acid than the conventional product, thanks to which they quenched free radicals up to five times more efficiently. Compared with pectin with recognised anticancer and prebiotic activity, they had a significantly greater ability to inhibit proliferation and migration of HT-29 and B16F10 cells. They were also more effective in preventing the adhesion of E. coli and S. typhimurium to enterocytes. Endo-arabinanase- and endo-mannanase-assisted extraction is an effective method of obtaining pectins with enhanced antiradical, anticancer and prebiotic potential.
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17
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Pfeifer L, Mueller KK, Classen B. The cell wall of hornworts and liverworts: innovations in early land plant evolution? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4454-4472. [PMID: 35470398 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An important step for plant diversification was the transition from freshwater to terrestrial habitats. The bryophytes and all vascular plants share a common ancestor that was probably the first to adapt to life on land. A polysaccharide-rich cell wall was necessary to cope with newly faced environmental conditions. Therefore, some pre-requisites for terrestrial life have to be shared in the lineages of modern bryophytes and vascular plants. This review focuses on hornwort and liverwort cell walls and aims to provide an overview on shared and divergent polysaccharide features between these two groups of bryophytes and vascular plants. Analytical, immunocytochemical, and bioinformatic data were analysed. The major classes of polysaccharides-cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins-seem to be present but have diversified structurally during evolution. Some polysaccharide groups show structural characteristics which separate hornworts from the other bryophytes or are too poorly studied in detail to be able to draw absolute conclusions. Hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein backbones are found in hornworts and liverworts, and show differences in, for example, the occurrence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored arabinogalactan-proteins, while glycosylation is practically unstudied. Overall, the data are an appeal to researchers in the field to gain more knowledge on cell wall structures in order to understand the changes with regard to bryophyte evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kim-Kristine Mueller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Birgit Classen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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18
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Purohit A, Yadav SK. Genome sequencing of a novel Microbacterium camelliasinensis CIAB417 identified potential mannan hydrolysing enzymes. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:219-229. [PMID: 35331789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Here, whole genome sequencing of Microbacterium sp. CIAB417 was conducted to determine its novelty at species level and identification of genes encoding for enzymes for mannan degradation. The draft genome was predicted to have 6.53 mbp length represented by 41 contigs and 6078 genes. However, only 82.35% genes were allocated for their functions. The whole genome phylogeny, ANI score (78.84%), GGDC (genome to genome distance calculations) show probability (DDH ≥ 70%) equal to 0% and difference in advanced biochemical properties among closely predicted species. The Microbacterium sp. CIAB417 was stipulated to be novel at species level. Isolate was named as Microbacterium camelliasinensis CIAB417 (accession no JAHZUT000000000) based on its isolation from a tea garden soil. Genome was predicted for three novel mannanase coding genes man1 (MZ702740), man2 (MZ702741), and man3 (MZ702737) that belong to the GH5 and GH113 family. Besides that, mannan side chain hydrolysing enzymes alpha-galactosidase (gla1; MZ702739) and beta-glucosidase (glu1; MZ702738) were also predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Purohit
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India
| | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India.
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19
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Voiniciuc C. Modern mannan: a hemicellulose's journey. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1175-1184. [PMID: 35285041 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hemicellulosic polysaccharides built of β-1,4-linked mannose units have been found throughout the plant kingdom and have numerous industrial applications. Here, I review recent advances in the biosynthesis and modification of plant β-mannans. These matrix polymers can associate with cellulose bundles to impact the mechanical properties of plant fibers or biocomposites. In certain algae, mannan microfibrils even replace cellulose as the dominant structural component of the cell wall. Conversely, patterned galactoglucomannan found in Arabidopsis thaliana seed mucilage significantly modulates cell wall architecture and abiotic stress tolerance despite its relatively low content. I also discuss the subcellular requirements for β-mannan biosynthesis, the increasing number of carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in this process, and the players that continue to be puzzling. I discuss how cellulose synthase-like enzymes elongate (gluco)mannans in orthogonal hosts and highlight the discoveries of plant enzymes that add specific galactosyl or acetyl decorations. Hydrolytic enzymes such as endo-β-1,4-mannanases have recently been involved in a wide range of biological contexts including seed germination, wood formation, heavy metal tolerance, and defense responses. Synthetic biology tools now provide faster tracks to modulate the increasingly-relevant mannan structures for improved plant traits and bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălin Voiniciuc
- Independent Junior Research Group-Designer Glycans, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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20
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Chandrasekaran U, Zhao X, Luo X, Wei S, Shu K. Endosperm weakening: The gateway to a seed's new life. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 178:31-39. [PMID: 35276594 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a crucial stage in a plant's life cycle, during which the embryo, surrounded by several tissues, undergoes a transition from the quiescent to a highly active state. Endosperm weakening, a key step in this transition, plays an important role in radicle protrusion. Endosperm weakening is initiated upon water uptake, followed by multiple key molecular events occurring within and outside endosperm cells. Although available transcriptomes have provided information about pivotal genes involved in this process, a complete understanding of the signaling pathways are yet to be elucidated. Much remains to be learnt about the diverse intercellular signals, such as reactive oxygen species-mediated redox signals, phytohormone crosstalk, environmental cue-dependent oxidative phosphorylation, peroxisomal-mediated pectin degradation, and storage protein mobilization during endosperm cell wall loosening. This review discusses the evidences from recent researches into the mechanism of endosperm weakening. Further, given that the endosperm has great potential for manipulation by crop breeding and biotechnology, we offer several novel insights, which will be helpful in this research field and in its application to the improvement of crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoting Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China.
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21
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Functional exploration of the glycoside hydrolase family GH113. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267509. [PMID: 35452491 PMCID: PMC9032380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Mannans are a heterogeneous group of polysaccharides with a common main chain of β-1,4-linked mannopyranoside residues. The cleavage of β-mannan chains is catalyzed by glycoside hydrolases called β-mannanases. In the CAZy database, β-mannanases are grouped by sequence similarity in families GH5, GH26, GH113 and GH134. Family GH113 has been under-explored so far with six enzymes characterized, all from the Firmicutes phylum. We undertook the functional characterization of 14 enzymes from a selection of 31 covering the diversity of the family GH113. Our observations suggest that GH113 is a family with specificity towards mannans, with variations in the product profiles and modes of action. We were able to assign mannanase and mannosidase activities to four out of the five clades of the family, increasing by 200% the number of characterized GH113 members, and expanding the toolbox for fine-tuning of mannooligosaccharides.
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22
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Hourston JE, Steinbrecher T, Chandler JO, Pérez M, Dietrich K, Turečková V, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, Weltmeier F, Meinhard J, Fischer U, Fiedler‐Wiechers K, Ignatz M, Leubner‐Metzger G. Cold-induced secondary dormancy and its regulatory mechanisms in Beta vulgaris. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1315-1332. [PMID: 35064681 PMCID: PMC9305896 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic behaviour of seeds in soil seed banks depends on their ability to act as sophisticated environmental sensors to adjust their sensitivity thresholds for germination by dormancy mechanisms. Here we show that prolonged incubation of sugar beet fruits at low temperature (chilling at 5°C, generally known to release seed dormancy of many species) can induce secondary nondeep physiological dormancy of an apparently nondormant crop species. The physiological and biophysical mechanisms underpinning this cold-induced secondary dormancy include the chilling-induced accumulation of abscisic acid in the seeds, a reduction in the embryo growth potential and a block in weakening of the endosperm covering the embryonic root. Transcriptome analysis revealed distinct gene expression patterns in the different temperature regimes and upon secondary dormancy induction and maintenance. The chilling caused reduced expression of cell wall remodelling protein genes required for embryo cell elongation growth and endosperm weakening, as well as increased expression of seed maturation genes, such as for late embryogenesis abundant proteins. A model integrating the hormonal signalling and master regulator expression with the temperature-control of seed dormancy and maturation programmes is proposed. The revealed mechanisms of the cold-induced secondary dormancy are important for climate-smart agriculture and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Hourston
- Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Tina Steinbrecher
- Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Jake O. Chandler
- Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | | | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesOlomoucCzech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Ignatz
- Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Gerhard Leubner‐Metzger
- Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesOlomoucCzech Republic
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Wood JA, Knights EJ, Campbell GM, Harden S, Choct M. Enzyme pre-milling treatments improved milling performance of chickpeas by targeting mechanisms of seed coat and cotyledon adhesion with various effects on dhal quality. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:62-72. [PMID: 34031883 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehulling and splitting are important elements of the milling process to produce dhal from pulses. However, grain that is difficult-to-mill because of tightly adhered seed coats or cotyledons that resist separation makes it difficult to achieve high quality dhal. Milling yields are reduced, energy inputs into the milling process are increased, and the resulting dhal can be of poorer quality, chipped or abraded. RESULTS Eight enzyme pre-treatments were chosen based on the hypothesised mechanisms of seed coat and cotyledon adhesion established previously. Using a difficult-to-mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotype, we examined the effects of these pre-treatments, over time, on laboratory-scale milling performance and dhal quality. We pioneered a texture analyser method to measure the flex of the cotyledons and the force required to cleave the cotyledons. The enzyme-induced changes ranged from negative (tough seed coat, weight loss, deleterious colour and texture, increased visual damage to cotyledons and increased kibble loss, concave cotyledons, increased flex, and changes in taste) to positive (brittle seed coat, increased seed volume, improved dehulling efficiency and splitting yield, reduced cotyledon cleavage force, and acceptable dhal quality and taste). CONCLUSION All pre-treatments improved milling performance compared to milling the raw seed, although there was considerable variation between them. Two pre-treatments showed no improvement in milling yields compared to the water control, and several pre-treatments resulted in unacceptable qualities. Three pre-treatments, endo-polygalacturonanase, α-galactosidase and cellulase, show potential for commercial milling applications and could assist pulse millers globally to achieve high quality dhal at the same time as minimising milling effort. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Wood
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Calala, NSW, Australia
| | - Edmund J Knights
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Calala, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Steven Harden
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Calala, NSW, Australia
| | - Mingan Choct
- University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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de Vries L, Guevara-Rozo S, Cho M, Liu LY, Renneckar S, Mansfield SD. Tailoring renewable materials via plant biotechnology. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:167. [PMID: 34353358 PMCID: PMC8344217 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants inherently display a rich diversity in cell wall chemistry, as they synthesize an array of polysaccharides along with lignin, a polyphenolic that can vary dramatically in subunit composition and interunit linkage complexity. These same cell wall chemical constituents play essential roles in our society, having been isolated by a variety of evolving industrial processes and employed in the production of an array of commodity products to which humans are reliant. However, these polymers are inherently synthesized and intricately packaged into complex structures that facilitate plant survival and adaptation to local biogeoclimatic regions and stresses, not for ease of deconstruction and commercial product development. Herein, we describe evolving techniques and strategies for altering the metabolic pathways related to plant cell wall biosynthesis, and highlight the resulting impact on chemistry, architecture, and polymer interactions. Furthermore, this review illustrates how these unique targeted cell wall modifications could significantly extend the number, diversity, and value of products generated in existing and emerging biorefineries. These modifications can further target the ability for processing of engineered wood into advanced high performance materials. In doing so, we attempt to illuminate the complex connection on how polymer chemistry and structure can be tailored to advance renewable material applications, using all the chemical constituents of plant-derived biopolymers, including pectins, hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne de Vries
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI , 53726, USA
| | - Sydne Guevara-Rozo
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - MiJung Cho
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Li-Yang Liu
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI , 53726, USA.
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Verhertbruggen Y, Bouder A, Vigouroux J, Alvarado C, Geairon A, Guillon F, Wilkinson MD, Stritt F, Pauly M, Lee MY, Mortimer JC, Scheller HV, Mitchell RAC, Voiniciuc C, Saulnier L, Chateigner-Boutin AL. The TaCslA12 gene expressed in the wheat grain endosperm synthesizes wheat-like mannan when expressed in yeast and Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 302:110693. [PMID: 33288007 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mannan is a class of cell wall polysaccharides widespread in the plant kingdom. Mannan structure and properties vary according to species and organ. The cell walls of cereal grains have been extensively studied due to their role in cereal processing and to their beneficial effect on human health as dietary fiber. Recently, we showed that mannan in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain endosperm has a linear structure of β-1,4-linked mannose residues. The aim of this work was to study the biosynthesis and function of wheat grain mannan. We showed that mannan is deposited in the endosperm early during grain development, and we identified candidate mannan biosynthetic genes expressed in the endosperm. The functional study in wheat was unsuccessful therefore our best candidate genes were expressed in heterologous systems. The endosperm-specificTaCslA12 gene expressed in Pichia pastoris and in an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant depleted in glucomannan led to the production of wheat-like linear mannan lacking glucose residues and with moderate acetylation. Therefore, this gene encodes a mannan synthase and is likely responsible for the synthesis of wheat endosperm mannan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark D Wilkinson
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JK, UK
| | - Fabian Stritt
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Pauly
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mi Yeon Lee
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Cătălin Voiniciuc
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Independent Junior Research Group-Designer Glycans, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Mohapatra BR. Characterization of β-mannanase extracted from a novel Streptomyces species Alg-S25 immobilized on chitosan nanoparticles. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1858158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bidyut Ranjan Mohapatra
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
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Characterization of a thermotolerant and acidophilic mannanase producing Microbacterium sp. CIAB417 for mannooligosachharide production from agro-residues and dye decolorization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1154-1161. [PMID: 32673718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mannanases are ubiquitous enzymes and are being explored for diverse industrial applications. In this study, a novel bacterial strain Microbacterium sp. CIAB417 was identified and characterized for extracellular production of mannanase. Microbacterium sp. CIAB417 was found to produce maximum mannanase after 36 h of incubation at 37 °C. Mannanase produced by the isolate was observed for maximum activity at optimum pH of 6 and optimum temperature of 50 °C. Crude mannanase was found to be capable of producing mannooligosachharides (MOS) by hydrolyzing hemicellulose from locust bean gum and Aloe vera. The produced MOS was characterized and found to be mixture of mannobiose to mannohexose units. Mannanase was also explored for decolorization of dyes. Bromophenol blue and coomassie blue R-250 were observed to be decolorized to the extent of 45.40 and 42.75%, respectively. Hence, the identified bacterial strain producing mannanase could be of great significance for applications in food and textile industry.
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Roch L, Prigent S, Klose H, Cakpo CB, Beauvoit B, Deborde C, Fouillen L, van Delft P, Jacob D, Usadel B, Dai Z, Génard M, Vercambre G, Colombié S, Moing A, Gibon Y. Biomass composition explains fruit relative growth rate and discriminates climacteric from non-climacteric species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5823-5836. [PMID: 32592486 PMCID: PMC7540837 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits are very varied, whether in terms of their composition, physiology, or rate and duration of growth. To understand the mechanisms that link metabolism to phenotypes, which would help the targeting of breeding strategies, we compared eight fleshy fruit species during development and ripening. Three herbaceous (eggplant, pepper, and cucumber), three tree (apple, peach, and clementine) and two vine (kiwifruit and grape) species were selected for their diversity. Fruit fresh weight and biomass composition, including the major soluble and insoluble components, were determined throughout fruit development and ripening. Best-fitting models of fruit weight were used to estimate relative growth rate (RGR), which was significantly correlated with several biomass components, especially protein content (R=84), stearate (R=0.72), palmitate (R=0.72), and lignocerate (R=0.68). The strong link between biomass composition and RGR was further evidenced by generalized linear models that predicted RGR with R-values exceeding 0.9. Comparison of the fruit also showed that climacteric fruit (apple, peach, kiwifruit) contained more non-cellulosic cell-wall glucose and fucose, and more starch, than non-climacteric fruit. The rate of starch net accumulation was also higher in climacteric fruit. These results suggest that the way biomass is constructed has a major influence on performance, especially growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Roch
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE Nouvelle Aquitaine – Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sylvain Prigent
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE Nouvelle Aquitaine – Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Holger Klose
- Institute for Biology, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Bertrand Beauvoit
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE Nouvelle Aquitaine – Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE Nouvelle Aquitaine – Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- UMR 5200, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Pierre van Delft
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- UMR 5200, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Daniel Jacob
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE Nouvelle Aquitaine – Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Biology, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- UMR 1287 EGFV, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sci Agro, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Colombié
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE Nouvelle Aquitaine – Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Annick Moing
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE Nouvelle Aquitaine – Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE Nouvelle Aquitaine – Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Gong L, Liu Y, Xiong Y, Li T, Yin C, Zhao J, Yu J, Yin Q, Gupta VK, Jiang Y, Duan X. New insights into the evolution of host specificity of three Penicillium species and the pathogenicity of P. Italicum involving the infection of Valencia orange ( Citrus sinensis). Virulence 2020; 11:748-768. [PMID: 32525727 PMCID: PMC7549954 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1773038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue and green molds, the common phenotypes of post-harvest diseases in fruits, are mainly caused by Penicillium fungal species, including P. italicum, P. digitatum, and P. expansum. We sequenced and assembled the genome of a P. italicum strain, which contains 31,034,623 bp with 361 scaffolds and 627 contigs. The mechanisms underlying the evolution of host specificity among the analyzed Penicillium species were associated with the expansion of protein families, genome restructuring, horizontal gene transfer, and positive selection pressure. A dual-transcriptome analysis following the infection of Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) by P. italicum resulted in the annotation of 9,307 P. italicum genes and 24,591 Valencia orange genes. The pathogenicity of P. italicum may be due to the activation of effectors, including 51 small secreted cysteine-rich proteins, 110 carbohydrate-active enzymes, and 12 G protein-coupled receptors. Additionally, 211 metabolites related to the interactions between P. italicum and Valencia orange were identified by gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrography, three of which were further confirmed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. A metabolomics analysis indicated that P. italicum pathogenicity is associated with the sphingolipid and salicylic acid signaling pathways. Moreover, a correlation analysis between the metabolite contents and gene expression levels suggested that P. italicum induces carbohydrate metabolism in Valencia orange fruits as part of its infection strategy. This study provides useful information regarding the genomic determinants that drive the evolution of host specificity in Penicillium species and clarifies the host-plant specificity during the infection of Valencia orange by P. italicum. IMPORTANCE P. italicum GL_Gan1, a local strain in Guangzhou, China, was sequenced. Comparison of the genome of P. italicum GL_Gan1 with other pathogenic Penicillium species, P. digitatum and P. expansum, revealed that the expansion of protein families, genome restructuring, HGT, and positive selection pressure were related to the host range expansion of the analyzed Penicillium species. Moreover, gene gains or losses might be associated with the speciation of these Penicillium species. In addition, the molecular basis of host-plant specificity during the infection of Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) by P. italicum was also elucidated by transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis. The data presented herein may be useful for further elucidating the molecular basis of the evolution of host specificity of Penicillium species and for illustrating the host-plant specificity during the infection of Valencia orange by P. italicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, China.,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- BGI PathoGenesis Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Yehui Xiong
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Taotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, China.,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, China.,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanni Zhao
- BGI PathoGenesis Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- BGI PathoGenesis Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Yin
- BGI PathoGenesis Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, China.,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, China.,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
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Iglesias-Fernández R, Pastor-Mora E, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Carbonero P. A Possible Role of the Aleurone Expressed Gene HvMAN1 in the Hydrolysis of the Cell Wall Mannans of the Starchy Endosperm in Germinating Hordeum vulgare L. Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1706. [PMID: 32038680 PMCID: PMC6983769 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The barley endo-β-mannanase (MAN) gene family (HvMAN1-6) has been identified and the expression of its members analyzed throughout different plant organs, and upon grain development and germination. The HvMAN1 gene has been found to be highly expressed in developing and germinating grains. The MAN (EC 3.2.1.78) enzymatic activity gets a maximum in grains at 48 h of germination (post-germination event). Immunolocalization of mannan polymers in grains has revealed the presence of these polysaccharides in the endosperm cell walls (CWs). By mRNA in situ hybridization assays, the HvMAN1 transcripts have been localized to the aleurone layer, but not to the dead starchy endosperm cells. These data suggest that MAN1 is synthesized in the aleurone layer during early grain imbibition and moves potentially through the apoplast to the endosperm where the hydrolysis of the mannan polymers takes place after germination sensu stricto. Hence, mannans in the starchy endosperm CWs, besides their structural function, could be used as reserve compounds upon barley post-germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Iglesias-Fernández
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas-Severo Ochoa (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Raquel Iglesias-Fernández,
| | - Elena Pastor-Mora
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas-Severo Ochoa (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas-Severo Ochoa (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Carbonero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas-Severo Ochoa (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Madrid, Spain
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Dehors J, Mareck A, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Menu-Bouaouiche L, Lehner A, Mollet JC. Evolution of Cell Wall Polymers in Tip-Growing Land Plant Gametophytes: Composition, Distribution, Functional Aspects and Their Remodeling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:441. [PMID: 31057570 PMCID: PMC6482432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
During evolution of land plants, the first colonizing species presented leafy-dominant gametophytes, found in non-vascular plants (bryophytes). Today, bryophytes include liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. In the first seedless vascular plants (lycophytes), the sporophytic stage of life started to be predominant. In the seed producing plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms , the gametophytic stage is restricted to reproduction. In mosses and ferns, the haploid spores germinate and form a protonema, which develops into a leafy gametophyte producing rhizoids for anchorage, water and nutrient uptakes. The basal gymnosperms (cycads and Ginkgo) reproduce by zooidogamy. Their pollen grains develop a multi-branched pollen tube that penetrates the nucellus and releases flagellated sperm cells that swim to the egg cell. The pollen grain of other gymnosperms (conifers and gnetophytes) as well as angiosperms germinates and produces a pollen tube that directly delivers the sperm cells to the ovule (siphonogamy). These different gametophytes, which are short or long-lived structures, share a common tip-growing mode of cell expansion. Tip-growth requires a massive cell wall deposition to promote cell elongation, but also a tight spatial and temporal control of the cell wall remodeling in order to modulate the mechanical properties of the cell wall. The growth rate of these cells is very variable depending on the structure and the species, ranging from very slow (protonemata, rhizoids, and some gymnosperm pollen tubes), to a slow to fast-growth in other gymnosperms and angiosperms. In addition, the structural diversity of the female counterparts in angiosperms (dry, semi-dry vs wet stigmas, short vs long, solid vs hollow styles) will impact the speed and efficiency of sperm delivery. As the evolution and diversity of the cell wall polysaccharides accompanied the diversification of cell wall structural proteins and remodeling enzymes, this review focuses on our current knowledge on the biochemistry, the distribution and remodeling of the main cell wall polymers (including cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins, callose, arabinogalactan-proteins and extensins), during the tip-expansion of gametophytes from bryophytes, pteridophytes (lycophytes and monilophytes), gymnosperms and the monocot and eudicot angiosperms.
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Souza Dias D, Monteiro Ribeiro L, Sérgio Nascimento Lopes P, Aclécio Melo G, Müller M, Munné-Bosch S. Haustorium-endosperm relationships and the integration between developmental pathways during reserve mobilization in Butia capitata (Arecaceae) seeds. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:267-277. [PMID: 29788057 PMCID: PMC6070076 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Palm seeds are interesting models for studying seed reserve mobilization at the tissue level due to the abundance and complexity of reserves stored in their living endosperm cells and the development of a highly specialized haustorium. We studied structural and physiological aspects of the initial phases of reserve mobilization in seeds of a neotropical palm, Butia capitata, and sought to characterize the interactions between the different developmental pathways of the haustorium and endosperm. Methods Morphological and histochemical evaluations of the haustorium, the endosperm adjacent to the embryo, and the peripheral endosperm of dry, imbibed, dormant seeds and seeds geminating for 2, 5 and 10 d were performed. Biochemical analyses included determinations of endo-β-mannanase activity, hormonal profiling (20 hormones belonging to eight classes) and H2O2 quantification in various tissues. Key Results The mobilization of haustorium reserves was associated with germination and involved distinct hormonal alterations in the endosperm related to H2O2 production. The mobilization of endosperm reserves occurred as a post-germination event controlled by the seedling and involved major structural changes in the haustorium, including growth (which increased contact with, and pressure on, the endosperm) and the formation of an aerenchyma (thus facilitating O2 diffusion). The flow of O2 to the endosperm and changes in endogenous contents of H2O2 and hormones (cytokinins, auxins, brassinosteroids and ethylene) induced the establishment of an endosperm digestion zone and the translocation of reserves to the haustorium. Conclusions The haustorium-endosperm relationship during reserve mobilization plays a pivotal role in signal integration between growth and degradation pathways in germinating seeds of Butia capitata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Souza Dias
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Geraldo Aclécio Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros-MG, Brazil
| | - Maren Müller
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain
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Tucker MR, Lou H, Aubert MK, Wilkinson LG, Little A, Houston K, Pinto SC, Shirley NJ. Exploring the Role of Cell Wall-Related Genes and Polysaccharides during Plant Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 7:E42. [PMID: 29857498 PMCID: PMC6028917 DOI: 10.3390/plants7020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of organs in plants are not established until after germination, when pluripotent stem cells in the growing apices give rise to daughter cells that proliferate and subsequently differentiate into new tissues and organ primordia. This remarkable capacity is not only restricted to the meristem, since maturing cells in many organs can also rapidly alter their identity depending on the cues they receive. One general feature of plant cell differentiation is a change in cell wall composition at the cell surface. Historically, this has been viewed as a downstream response to primary cues controlling differentiation, but a closer inspection of the wall suggests that it may play a much more active role. Specific polymers within the wall can act as substrates for modifications that impact receptor binding, signal mobility, and cell flexibility. Therefore, far from being a static barrier, the cell wall and its constituent polysaccharides can dictate signal transmission and perception, and directly contribute to a cell's capacity to differentiate. In this review, we re-visit the role of plant cell wall-related genes and polysaccharides during various stages of development, with a particular focus on how changes in cell wall machinery accompany the exit of cells from the stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5062, Australia.
| | - Haoyu Lou
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5062, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5062, Australia.
| | - Matthew K Aubert
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5062, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5062, Australia.
| | - Laura G Wilkinson
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5062, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5062, Australia.
| | - Alan Little
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5062, Australia.
| | - Kelly Houston
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
| | - Sara C Pinto
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Neil J Shirley
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5062, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5062, Australia.
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Meents MJ, Watanabe Y, Samuels AL. The cell biology of secondary cell wall biosynthesis. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:1107-1125. [PMID: 29415210 PMCID: PMC5946954 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary cell walls (SCWs) form the architecture of terrestrial plant biomass. They reinforce tracheary elements and strengthen fibres to permit upright growth and the formation of forest canopies. The cells that synthesize a strong, thick SCW around their protoplast must undergo a dramatic commitment to cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin production. SCOPE This review puts SCW biosynthesis in a cellular context, with the aim of integrating molecular biology and biochemistry with plant cell biology. While SCWs are deposited in diverse tissue and cellular contexts including in sclerenchyma (fibres and sclereids), phloem (fibres) and xylem (tracheids, fibres and vessels), the focus of this review reflects the fact that protoxylem tracheary elements have proven to be the most amenable experimental system in which to study the cell biology of SCWs. CONCLUSIONS SCW biosynthesis requires the co-ordination of plasma membrane cellulose synthases, hemicellulose production in the Golgi and lignin polymer deposition in the apoplast. At the plasma membrane where the SCW is deposited under the guidance of cortical microtubules, there is a high density of SCW cellulose synthase complexes producing cellulose microfibrils consisting of 18-24 glucan chains. These microfibrils are extruded into a cell wall matrix rich in SCW-specific hemicelluloses, typically xylan and mannan. The biosynthesis of eudicot SCW glucuronoxylan is taken as an example to illustrate the emerging importance of protein-protein complexes in the Golgi. From the trans-Golgi, trafficking of vesicles carrying hemicelluloses, cellulose synthases and oxidative enzymes is crucial for exocytosis of SCW components at the microtubule-rich cell membrane domains, producing characteristic SCW patterns. The final step of SCW biosynthesis is lignification, with monolignols secreted by the lignifying cell and, in some cases, by neighbouring cells as well. Oxidative enzymes such as laccases and peroxidases, embedded in the polysaccharide cell wall matrix, determine where lignin is deposited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J Meents
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yoichiro Watanabe
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Steinbrecher T, Leubner-Metzger G. Tissue and cellular mechanics of seeds. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 51:1-10. [PMID: 29571069 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Distinct plant seed/fruit structures evolved to support reproduction and dispersal in distinct environments. Appropriate biomechanical properties and interactions of the various seed compartments are indispensable to plant survival. Most seeds are dispersed in a dry state generated during seed development/maturation for which novel aspects of endosperm-embryo interaction were discovered. The various layers covering the embryo of a mature seed define the patterns of water uptake during germination. Their biomechanical weakening together with embryo cell expansion is mediated by cell wall remodelling to facilitate radicle protrusion. Recent work with different species has revealed mechanisms underpinning specific embryo growth zones. Abiotic and biotic factors were shown to release different types of seed and fruit coat-mediated constraints to water uptake and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Steinbrecher
- School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK(1).
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK(1).
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36
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Lopez D, Ribeiro S, Label P, Fumanal B, Venisse JS, Kohler A, de Oliveira RR, Labutti K, Lipzen A, Lail K, Bauer D, Ohm RA, Barry KW, Spatafora J, Grigoriev IV, Martin FM, Pujade-Renaud V. Genome-Wide Analysis of Corynespora cassiicola Leaf Fall Disease Putative Effectors. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:276. [PMID: 29551995 PMCID: PMC5840194 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynespora cassiicola is an Ascomycetes fungus with a broad host range and diverse life styles. Mostly known as a necrotrophic plant pathogen, it has also been associated with rare cases of human infection. In the rubber tree, this fungus causes the Corynespora leaf fall (CLF) disease, which increasingly affects natural rubber production in Asia and Africa. It has also been found as an endophyte in South American rubber plantations where no CLF outbreak has yet occurred. The C. cassiicola species is genetically highly diverse, but no clear relationship has been evidenced between phylogenetic lineage and pathogenicity. Cassiicolin, a small glycosylated secreted protein effector, is thought to be involved in the necrotrophic interaction with the rubber tree but some virulent C. cassiicola isolates do not have a cassiicolin gene. This study set out to identify other putative effectors involved in CLF. The genome of a highly virulent C. cassiicola isolate from the rubber tree (CCP) was sequenced and assembled. In silico prediction revealed 2870 putative effectors, comprising CAZymes, lipases, peptidases, secreted proteins and enzymes associated with secondary metabolism. Comparison with the genomes of 44 other fungal species, focusing on effector content, revealed a striking proximity with phylogenetically unrelated species (Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, nectria hematococca, and Botrosphaeria dothidea) sharing life style plasticity and broad host range. Candidate effectors involved in the compatible interaction with the rubber tree were identified by transcriptomic analysis. Differentially expressed genes included 92 putative effectors, among which cassiicolin and two other secreted singleton proteins. Finally, the genomes of 35 C. cassiicola isolates representing the genetic diversity of the species were sequenced and assembled, and putative effectors identified. At the intraspecific level, effector-based classification was found to be highly consistent with the phylogenomic trees. Identification of lineage-specific effectors is a key step toward understanding C. cassiicola virulence and host specialization mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien Ribeiro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Label
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Boris Fumanal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Stéphane Venisse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interaction Arbres/Microorganismes", Champenoux, France
| | | | - Kurt Labutti
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Anna Lipzen
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen Lail
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Diane Bauer
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Robin A Ohm
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kerrie W Barry
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Spatafora
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Francis M Martin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interaction Arbres/Microorganismes", Champenoux, France
| | - Valérie Pujade-Renaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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37
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Carrillo-Barral N, Matilla AJ, Rodríguez-Gacio MDC, Iglesias-Fernández R. Mannans and endo-β-mannanase transcripts are located in different seed compartments during Brassicaceae germination. PLANTA 2018; 247:649-661. [PMID: 29164367 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mannans but not endo-β-mannanases are mainly found in the mucilage layer of two Brassicaceae seeds. Nonetheless, mannanase mobilization from inner to outer seed layers cannot be ruled out. The contribution of endo-β-mannanase (MAN) genes to the germination of the wild-type Sisymbrium officinale and cultivated Brassica rapa (Brassicaceae) species has been explored. In both species, mannans have been localized to the imbibed external seed coat layer (mucilage) by fluorescence immunolocalization and MAN enzymatic activity increases in seeds as imbibition progresses, reaching a peak before 100% germination is achieved. The MAN gene families have been annotated and the expression of their members analyzed in vegetative and reproductive organs. In S. officinale and B. rapa, MAN2, MAN5, MAN6, and MAN7 transcripts accumulate upon seed imbibition. SoMAN7 is the most expressed MAN gene in S. officinale germinating seeds, as occurs with its ortholog in Arabidopsis thaliana, but in B. rapa, the most abundant transcripts are BrMAN2 and BrMAN5. These genes (MAN2, MAN5, MAN6, and MAN7) are localized, by mRNA in situ hybridization, to the micropylar at the endosperm layer and to the radicle in S. officinale, but in B. rapa, these mRNAs are faintly found to the micropylar living seed coat layer and are mainly present at the radicle tip and the vascular bundles. If the domestication process undergone by B. rapa is responsible for these different MAN expression patterns, upon germination remains to be elucidated. Since mannans and MAN genes are not spatially distributed in the same seed tissues, a movement of MAN enzymes that are synthesized with typical signal peptides from the embryo tissues to the mucilage layer (via apoplastic space) is necessary for the mannans to be hydrolyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Carrillo-Barral
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15780, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel J Matilla
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15780, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Rodríguez-Gacio
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15780, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Iglesias-Fernández
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
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38
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Miller CN, Harper AL, Trick M, Wellner N, Werner P, Waldron KW, Bancroft I. Dissecting the complex regulation of lodging resistance in Brassica napus. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2018; 38:30. [PMID: 29568228 PMCID: PMC5842258 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-018-0781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lodging continues to be a major cause of yield loss in important crop species such as Brassica napus. Understanding the genetic regulation of lodging resistance is therefore of key interest to breeders worldwide. Current strategies aimed at minimising lodging risk involve the incorporation of dwarfing genes or the application of plant growth regulators. However, despite these efforts, lodging continues to be a persistent problem and it is therefore of high interest that novel, complimentary strategies for lodging control are implemented. One approach would be to focus on understanding the genetic properties underlying stem mechanical strength. With this in mind, we screened a training genetic diversity panel of B. napus accession for variation in stem mechanical strength and related traits. Using Associative Transcriptomics, we identified molecular markers for a suite of valuable traits. Using an independent test genetic diversity panel, we show that the methods employed are robust for identification of predictive markers. Furthermore, based on conserved synteny with Arabidopsis thaliana, we are able to provide a biological context to the marker associations detected and provide evidence for a role in pectin methylesterification in contributing to stem mechanical strength in Brassicaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea L. Harper
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
- Present Address: Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Martin Trick
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Nikolaus Wellner
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Peter Werner
- KWS UK Ltd., 56 Church Street, Thriplow, Hertfordshire, SG8 7RE UK
| | - Keith W. Waldron
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Ian Bancroft
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
- Present Address: Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
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Busch A, Kunert G, Heckel DG, Pauchet Y. Evolution and functional characterization of CAZymes belonging to subfamily 10 of glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5_10) in two species of phytophagous beetles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184305. [PMID: 28854242 PMCID: PMC5576741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan, xylan and mannans, consist of a heterogeneous array of plant-derived polysaccharides that form the plant cell wall. These polysaccharides differ from each other in their structure and physiochemical properties, but they share a β-(1,4)-linked sugar backbone. Hemicelluloses can be hydrolyzed by plant-cell-wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), which are widely distributed in phytopathogenic microbes. Recently, it has become apparent that phytophagous beetles also produce their own PCWDEs. Our previous work identified genes encoding putative mannanases belonging to the subfamily 10 of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 5 (GH5_10) in the genomes of the leaf beetle, Gastrophysa viridula (Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae; one gene), and of the bean beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae; four genes). In contrast to proteins from other GH5 subfamilies, GH5_10 proteins are patchily distributed within the tree of life and have so far hardly been investigated. We addressed the following questions: Are beetle-derived GH5_10s active PCWDEs? How did they evolve? What is their physiological function? Using heterologous protein expression and enzymatic assays, we show that the G. viridula GH5_10 protein is an endo-β-1,4-mannanase. We also demonstrate that only one out of four C. maculatus GH5_10 proteins is an endo-β-1,4-mannanase, which has additional activity on carboxymethyl cellulose. Unexpectedly, another C. maculatus GH5_10 protein has evolved to use xylan instead of mannans as a substrate. RNAi experiments in G. viridula indicate (i) that the sole GH5_10 protein is responsible for breaking down mannans in the gut and (ii) that this breakdown may rather be accessory and may facilitate access to plant cell content, which is rich in nitrogen and simple sugars. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that coleopteran-derived GH5_10 proteins cluster together with Chelicerata-derived ones. Interestingly, other insect-derived GH5_10 proteins cluster elsewhere, suggesting insects have several independent evolutionary origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Busch
- Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Grit Kunert
- Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - David G. Heckel
- Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Yannick Pauchet
- Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
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40
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Steinbrecher T, Leubner-Metzger G. The biomechanics of seed germination. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:765-783. [PMID: 27927995 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
From a biomechanical perspective, the completion of seed (and fruit) germination depends on the balance of two opposing forces: the growth potential of the embryonic axis (radicle-hypocotyl growth zone) and the restraint of the seed-covering layers (endosperm, testa, and pericarp). The diverse seed tissues are composite materials which differ in their dynamic properties based on their distinct cell wall composition and water uptake capacities. The biomechanics of embryo cell growth during seed germination depend on irreversible cell wall loosening followed by water uptake due to the decreasing turgor, and this leads to embryo elongation and eventually radicle emergence. Endosperm weakening as a prerequisite for radicle emergence is a widespread phenomenon among angiosperms. Research into the biochemistry and biomechanics of endosperm weakening has demonstrated that the reduction in puncture force of a seed's micropylar endosperm is environmentally and hormonally regulated and involves tissue-specific expression of cell wall remodelling proteins such as expansins, diverse hydrolases, and the production of directly acting apoplastic reactive oxygen. The endosperm-weakening biomechanics and its underlying cell wall biochemistry differ between the micropylar (ME) and chalazal (CE) endosperm domains. In the ME, they involve cell wall loosening, cell separation, and programmed cell death to provide decreased and localized ME tissue resistance, autolysis, and finally the formation of an ME hole required for radicle emergence. Future work will further unravel the molecular mechanisms, environmental regulation, and evolution of the diverse biomechanical cell wall changes underpinning the control of germination by endosperm weakening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Steinbrecher
- School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
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41
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Jin Y, Petricevic M, John A, Raich L, Jenkins H, Portela
De Souza L, Cuskin F, Gilbert H, Rovira C, Goddard-Borger ED, Williams SJ, Davies GJ. A β-Mannanase with a Lysozyme-like Fold and a Novel Molecular Catalytic Mechanism. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:896-903. [PMID: 28058278 PMCID: PMC5200933 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic cleavage of β-1,4-mannans is achieved by endo-β-1,4-mannanases, enzymes involved in germination of seeds and microbial hemicellulose degradation, and which have increasing industrial and consumer product applications. β-Mannanases occur in a range of families of the CAZy sequence-based glycoside hydrolase (GH) classification scheme including families 5, 26, and 113. In this work we reveal that β-mannanases of the newly described GH family 134 differ from other mannanase families in both their mechanism and tertiary structure. A representative GH family 134 endo-β-1,4-mannanase from a Streptomyces sp. displays a fold closely related to that of hen egg white lysozyme but acts with inversion of stereochemistry. A Michaelis complex with mannopentaose, and a product complex with mannotriose, reveal ligands with pyranose rings distorted in an unusual inverted chair conformation. Ab initio quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics metadynamics quantified the energetically accessible ring conformations and provided evidence in support of a 1C4 → 3H4‡ → 3S1 conformational itinerary along the reaction coordinate. This work, in concert with that on GH family 124 cellulases, reveals how the lysozyme fold can be co-opted to catalyze the hydrolysis of different polysaccharides in a mechanistically distinct manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Marija Petricevic
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science
and Biotechnology
Institute and Department of Medical Biology, University
of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alan John
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science
and Biotechnology
Institute and Department of Medical Biology, University
of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ACRF
Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and
Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lluís Raich
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció
de Química Orgànica) & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Huw Jenkins
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Leticia Portela
De Souza
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Fiona Cuskin
- Institute
for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Harry
J. Gilbert
- Institute
for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció
de Química Orgànica) & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08020 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethan D. Goddard-Borger
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science
and Biotechnology
Institute and Department of Medical Biology, University
of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ACRF
Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and
Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Spencer J. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science
and Biotechnology
Institute and Department of Medical Biology, University
of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, U.K.
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42
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Wang Y, Azhar S, Gandini R, Divne C, Ezcurra I, Aspeborg H. Biochemical characterization of the novel endo-β-mannanase AtMan5-2 from Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:151-163. [PMID: 26706067 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant mannanases are enzymes that carry out fundamentally important functions in cell wall metabolism during plant growth and development by digesting manno-polysaccharides. In this work, the Arabidopsis mannanase 5-2 (AtMan5-2) from a previously uncharacterized subclade of glycoside hydrolase family 5 subfamily 7 (GH5_7) has been heterologously produced in Pichia pastoris. Purified recombinant AtMan5-2 is a glycosylated protein with an apparent molecular mass of 50kDa, a pH optimum of 5.5-6.0 and a temperature optimum of 25°C. The enzyme exhibits high substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency on mannan substrates with main chains containing both glucose and mannose units such as konjac glucomannan and spruce galactoglucomannan. Product analysis of manno-oligosaccharide hydrolysis shows that AtMan5-2 requires at least six substrate-binding subsites. No transglycosylation activity for the recombinant enzyme was detected in the present study. Our results demonstrate diversification of catalytic function among members in the Arabidopsis GH5_7 subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- From KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shoaib Azhar
- From Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosaria Gandini
- From KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; From Karolinska Institute, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheelelaboratoriet, Scheeles väg 2, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Divne
- From KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; From Karolinska Institute, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheelelaboratoriet, Scheeles väg 2, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ines Ezcurra
- From KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Aspeborg
- From KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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43
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Morrill J, Kulcinskaja E, Sulewska AM, Lahtinen S, Stålbrand H, Svensson B, Abou Hachem M. The GH5 1,4-β-mannanase from Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04 possesses a low-affinity mannan-binding module and highlights the diversity of mannanolytic enzymes. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 16:26. [PMID: 26558435 PMCID: PMC4642672 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-015-0055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background β-Mannans are abundant and diverse plant structural and storage polysaccharides. Certain human gut microbiota members including health-promoting Bifidobacterium spp. catabolize dietary mannans. Little insight is available on the enzymology of mannan deconstruction in the gut ecological niche. Here, we report the biochemical properties of the first family 5 subfamily 8 glycoside hydrolase (GH5_8) mannanase from the probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04 (BlMan5_8). Results BlMan5_8 possesses a novel low affinity carbohydrate binding module (CBM) specific for soluble mannan and displays the highest catalytic efficiency reported to date for a GH5 mannanase owing to a very high kcat (1828 ± 87 s-1) and a low Km (1.58 ± 0.23 g · L-1) using locust bean galactomannan as substrate. The novel CBM of BlMan5_8 mediates increased binding to soluble mannan based on affinity electrophoresis. Surface plasmon resonance analysis confirmed the binding of the CBM10 to manno-oligosaccharides, albeit with slightly lower affinity than the catalytic module of the enzyme. This is the first example of a low-affinity mannan-specific CBM, which forms a subfamily of CBM10 together with close homologs present only in mannanases. Members of this new subfamily lack an aromatic residue mediating binding to insoluble cellulose in canonical CBM10 members consistent with the observed low mannan affinity. Conclusion BlMan5_8 is evolved for efficient deconstruction of soluble mannans, which is reflected by an exceptionally low Km and the presence of an atypical low affinity CBM, which increases binding to specifically to soluble mannan while causing minimal decrease in catalytic efficiency as opposed to enzymes with canonical mannan binding modules. These features highlight fine tuning of catalytic and binding properties to support specialization towards a preferred substrate, which is likely to confer an advantage in the adaptation to competitive ecological niches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12858-015-0055-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Morrill
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Evelina Kulcinskaja
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Maria Sulewska
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry (EPC), Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, building 224, DK-2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.,Current address: Biochemistry and Bioprocessing, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958, Fredriksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sampo Lahtinen
- Active Nutrition, DuPont Nutrition & Health, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Henrik Stålbrand
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry (EPC), Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, building 224, DK-2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maher Abou Hachem
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry (EPC), Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, building 224, DK-2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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44
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Deng K, Guenther JM, Gao J, Bowen BP, Tran H, Reyes-Ortiz V, Cheng X, Sathitsuksanoh N, Heins R, Takasuka TE, Bergeman LF, Geertz-Hansen H, Deutsch S, Loqué D, Sale KL, Simmons BA, Adams PD, Singh AK, Fox BG, Northen TR. Development of a High Throughput Platform for Screening Glycoside Hydrolases Based on Oxime-NIMS. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:153. [PMID: 26528471 PMCID: PMC4603251 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cost-effective hydrolysis of biomass into sugars for biofuel production requires high-performance low-cost glycoside hydrolase (GH) cocktails that are active under demanding process conditions. Improving the performance of GH cocktails depends on knowledge of many critical parameters, including individual enzyme stabilities, optimal reaction conditions, kinetics, and specificity of reaction. With this information, rate- and/or yield-limiting reactions can be potentially improved through substitution, synergistic complementation, or protein engineering. Given the wide range of substrates and methods used for GH characterization, it is difficult to compare results across a myriad of approaches to identify high performance and synergistic combinations of enzymes. Here, we describe a platform for systematic screening of GH activities using automatic biomass handling, bioconjugate chemistry, robotic liquid handling, and nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS). Twelve well-characterized substrates spanning the types of glycosidic linkages found in plant cell walls are included in the experimental workflow. To test the application of this platform and substrate panel, we studied the reactivity of three engineered cellulases and their synergy of combination across a range of reaction conditions and enzyme concentrations. We anticipate that large-scale screening using the standardized platform and substrates will generate critical datasets to enable direct comparison of enzyme activities for cocktail design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Deng
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute , Emeryville, CA , USA ; Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, CA , USA
| | - Joel M Guenther
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute , Emeryville, CA , USA ; Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, CA , USA
| | - Jian Gao
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA , USA
| | | | - Huu Tran
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute , Emeryville, CA , USA ; Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, CA , USA
| | - Vimalier Reyes-Ortiz
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute , Emeryville, CA , USA ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA , USA
| | - Xiaoliang Cheng
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute , Emeryville, CA , USA ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA , USA
| | - Noppadon Sathitsuksanoh
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute , Emeryville, CA , USA ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA , USA
| | - Richard Heins
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute , Emeryville, CA , USA ; Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, CA , USA
| | - Taichi E Takasuka
- US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI , USA
| | - Lai F Bergeman
- US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI , USA
| | | | - Samuel Deutsch
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA , USA ; Joint Genome Institute , Walnut Creek, CA , USA
| | - Dominique Loqué
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute , Emeryville, CA , USA ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA , USA
| | - Kenneth L Sale
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute , Emeryville, CA , USA ; Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, CA , USA
| | - Blake A Simmons
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute , Emeryville, CA , USA ; Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, CA , USA
| | - Paul D Adams
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute , Emeryville, CA , USA ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA , USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA , USA
| | - Anup K Singh
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute , Emeryville, CA , USA ; Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, CA , USA
| | - Brian G Fox
- US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI , USA ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI , USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute , Emeryville, CA , USA ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA , USA
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45
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Yamabhai M, Sak-Ubol S, Srila W, Haltrich D. Mannan biotechnology: from biofuels to health. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:32-42. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.923372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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46
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Wang L, Tang DQ, Kuang Y, Lin FJ, Su Y. Structural characteristics of pineapple pulp polysaccharides and their antitumor cell proliferation activities. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2554-2561. [PMID: 25820875 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pineapple has a delicious taste and good health benefits. Bioactive polysaccharides are important components of pineapple that might contribute to its health benefits. Since little structural information on these polysaccharides is currently available, the aim of this study was to investigate their structural characteristics and bioactivities. RESULTS The polysaccharides of pineapple pulp were fractionated into three fractions (PAPs 1-3) by anion exchange chromatography. Their structural characteristics were first identified, including molecular weights and glycosidic linkages. The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. The NMR data of α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1 → and → 4)-α-d-GalpAMe-(1 → were assigned. PAPs 1 and 2 showed significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities. CONCLUSION The above findings indicated that PAPs 1-3 contributed much to the health benefits of pineapple. They could be used as health-beneficial food additives in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Food Science and Technology College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - De-Qiang Tang
- Agriculture College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- Dehong Tropical Agriculture Institute of Yunnan, Ruili 678600, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Lin
- Food Science and Technology College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yu Su
- Food Science and Technology College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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47
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Chen J, Yang L, Gu J, Bai X, Ren Y, Fan T, Han Y, Jiang L, Xiao F, Liu Y, Cao S. MAN3 gene regulates cadmium tolerance through the glutathione-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:570-82. [PMID: 25329733 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of soil by the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is a global environmental problem. The glutathione (GSH)-dependent phytochelatin (PC) synthesis pathway is one of the most important mechanisms contributing to Cd accumulation and tolerance. However, the regulation of this pathway is poorly understood. Here, we identified an Arabidopsis thaliana cadmium-tolerant dominant mutant xcd1-D (XVE system-induced cadmium-tolerance 1) and cloned XCD1 gene (previously called MAN3), which encodes an endo-β-mannanase. Overexpression of MAN3 led to enhanced Cd accumulation and tolerance, whereas loss-of-function of MAN3 resulted in decreased Cd accumulation and tolerance. In the presence of estradiol, enhanced Cd accumulation and tolerance in xcd1-D was associated with GSH-dependent, Cd-activated synthesis of PCs, which was correlated with coordinated activation of gene expression. Cd stress-induced expression of MAN3 and the consequently increased mannanase activity, led to increased mannose content in cell walls. Moreover, mannose treatment not only rescued the Cd-sensitive phenotype of the xcd1-2 mutant, but also improved the Cd tolerance of wild-type plants. Significantly, this mannose-mediated Cd accumulation and tolerance is dependent on GSH-dependent PC concentrations via coordinated control of expression of genes involved in PC synthesis. Our results suggest that MAN3 regulates the GSH-dependent PC synthesis pathway that contributes to Cd accumulation and tolerance in A. thaliana by coordinated control of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
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48
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Yan D, Duermeyer L, Leoveanu C, Nambara E. The functions of the endosperm during seed germination. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:1521-33. [PMID: 24964910 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, a double fertilization event initiates the development of two distinct structures, the embryo and endosperm. The endosperm plays an important role in supporting embryonic growth by supplying nutrients, protecting the embryo and controlling embryo growth by acting as a mechanical barrier during seed development and germination. Its structure and function in the mature dry seed is divergent and specialized among different plant species. A subset of endospermic tissues are composed of living cells even after seed maturation, and play an active role in the regulation of seed germination. Transcriptome analysis has provided new insights into the regulatory functions of the endosperm during seed germination. It is well known that the embryo secretes signals to the endosperm to induce the degradation of the seed reserve and to promote endosperm weakening during germination. Recent advances in seed biology have shown that the endosperm is capable of sensing environmental signals, and can produce and secrete signals to regulate the growth of the embryo. Thus, germination is a systemic response that involves bidirectional interactions between the embryo and endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yan
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3B2
| | - Lisza Duermeyer
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3B2
| | - Catalina Leoveanu
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3B2
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3B2 The Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3B2 King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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49
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Malherbe AR, Rose SH, Viljoen-Bloom M, van Zyl WH. Expression and evaluation of enzymes required for the hydrolysis of galactomannan. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 41:1201-9. [PMID: 24888762 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cost-effective production of bioethanol from lignocellulose requires the complete conversion of plant biomass, which contains up to 30 % mannan. To ensure utilisation of galactomannan during consolidated bioprocessing, heterologous production of mannan-degrading enzymes in fungal hosts was explored. The Aspergillus aculeatus endo-β-mannanase (Man1) and Talaromyces emersonii α-galactosidase (Agal) genes were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y294, and the Aspergillus niger β-mannosidase (cMndA) and synthetic Cellvibrio mixtus β-mannosidase (Man5A) genes in A. niger. Maximum enzyme activity for Man1 (374 nkat ml(-1), pH 5.47), Agal (135 nkat ml(-1), pH 2.37), cMndA (12 nkat ml(-1), pH 3.40) and Man5A (8 nkat ml(-1), pH 3.40) was observed between 60 and 70 °C. Co-expression of the Man1 and Agal genes in S. cerevisiae Y294[Agal-Man1] reduced the extracellular activity relative to individual expression of the respective genes. However, the combined action of crude Man1, Agal and Man5A enzyme preparations significantly decreased the viscosity of galactomannan in locust bean gum, confirming hydrolysis thereof. Furthermore, when complemented with exogenous Man5A, S. cerevisiae Y294[Agal-Man1] produced 56 % of the theoretical ethanol yield, corresponding to a 66 % carbohydrate conversion, on 5 g l(-1) mannose and 10 g l(-1) locust bean gum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Malherbe
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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50
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Wang Y, Vilaplana F, Brumer H, Aspeborg H. Enzymatic characterization of a glycoside hydrolase family 5 subfamily 7 (GH5_7) mannanase from Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2014; 239:653-65. [PMID: 24327260 PMCID: PMC3928506 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-2005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Each plant genome contains a repertoire of β-mannanase genes belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 5 subfamily 7 (GH5_7), putatively involved in the degradation and modification of various plant mannan polysaccharides, but very few have been characterized at the gene product level. The current study presents recombinant production and in vitro characterization of AtMan5-1 as a first step towards the exploration of the catalytic capacity of Arabidopsis thaliana β-mannanase. The target enzyme was expressed in both E. coli (AtMan5-1e) and P. pastoris (AtMan5-1p). The main difference between the two forms was a higher observed thermal stability for AtMan5-1p, presumably due to glycosylation of that particular variant. AtMan5-1 displayed optimal activity at pH 5 and 35 °C and hydrolyzed polymeric carob galactomannan, konjac glucomannan, and spruce galactoglucomannan as well as oligomeric mannopentaose and mannohexaose. However, the galactose-rich and highly branched guar gum was not as efficiently degraded. AtMan5-1 activity was enhanced by Co(2+) and inhibited by Mn(2+). The catalytic efficiency values for carob galactomannan were 426.8 and 368.1 min(-1) mg(-1) mL for AtMan5-1e and AtMan5-1p, respectively. Product analysis of AtMan5-1p suggested that at least five substrate-binding sites were required for manno-oligosaccharide hydrolysis, and that the enzyme also can act as a transglycosylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harry Brumer
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Henrik Aspeborg
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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