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Chen L, Dong G, Song H, Xin J, Su Y, Cheng W, Yang M, Sun H. Unveiling the molecular dynamics of low temperature preservation in postharvest lotus seeds: a transcriptomic perspective. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:755. [PMID: 39107750 PMCID: PMC11304646 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postharvest quality deterioration poses a significant challenge to the commercial value of fresh lotus seeds. Low temperature storage is widely employed as the primary method for preserving postharvest lotus seeds during storage and transportation. RESULTS This approach effectively extends the storage life of lotus seeds, resulting in distinct physiological changes compared to room temperature storage, including a notable reduction in starch, protein, H2O2, and MDA content. Here, we conducted RNA-sequencing to generate global transcriptome profiles of postharvest lotus seeds stored under room or low temperature conditions. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that gene expression in postharvest lotus seeds demonstrated less variability during low temperature storage in comparison to room temperature storage. A total of 14,547 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with various biological processes such as starch and sucrose metabolism, energy metabolism, and plant hormone signaling response were identified. Notably, the expression levels of DEGs involved in ABA signaling were significantly suppressed in contrast to room temperature storage. Additionally, nine weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)-based gene molecular modules were identified, providing insights into the co-expression relationship of genes during postharvest storage. CONCLUSION Our findings illuminate transcriptional differences in postharvest lotus seeds between room and low temperature storage, offering crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms of low temperature preservation in lotus seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | | | - Heyun Song
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia Xin
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Su
- Amway (China) Botanical R&D Centre, Wuxi, 214145, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Heng Sun
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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2
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Singh J, James D, Das S, Patel MK, Sutar RR, Achary VMM, Goel N, Gupta KJ, Reddy MK, Jha G, Sonti RV, Foyer CH, Thakur JK, Tripathy BC. Co-overexpression of SWEET sucrose transporters modulates sucrose synthesis and defence responses to enhance immunity against bacterial blight in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2578-2596. [PMID: 38533652 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing carbohydrate export from source to sink tissues is considered to be a realistic approach for improving photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield. The rice sucrose transporters OsSUT1, OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 contribute to sucrose phloem loading and seed filling. Crucially, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) infection in rice enhances the expression of OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 genes, and causes leaf blight. Here we show that co-overexpression of OsSUT1, OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 in rice reduced sucrose synthesis and transport leading to lower growth and yield but reduced susceptibility to Xoo relative to controls. The immunity-related hypersensitive response (HR) was enhanced in the transformed lines as indicated by the increased expression of defence genes, higher salicylic acid content and presence of HR lesions on the leaves. The results suggest that the increased expression of OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 in rice is perceived as a pathogen (Xoo) attack that triggers HR and results in constitutive activation of plant defences that are related to the signalling pathways of pathogen starvation. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for the trade-off between plant growth and immunity because decreased susceptibility against Xoo compromised plant growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Donald James
- Forest Biotechnology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Shubhashis Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar Patel
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | | | - Naveen Goel
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Malireddy K Reddy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh V Sonti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Baishnab C Tripathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Li Y, Ren R, Pan R, Bao Y, Xie T, Zeng L, Fang T. Comparative transcriptome analysis identifies candidate genes related to sucrose accumulation in longan ( Dimocarpus longan Lour.) pulp. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1379750. [PMID: 38645392 PMCID: PMC11032017 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1379750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Sucrose content is one of the important factors to determine longan fruit flavor quality. To gain deep insight of molecular mechanism on sucrose accumulation in longan, we conducted comparative transcriptomic analysis between low sucrose content longan cultivar 'Qingkebaoyuan' and high sucrose content cultivar 'Songfengben'. A total of 12,350 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected across various development stages and different varieties, including hexokinase (HK) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), which are intricately linked to soluble sugar accumulation and metabolism. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified magenta module, including DlSPS gene, was significantly positively correlated with sucrose content. Furthermore, transient expression unveiled DlSPS gene play crucial role in sucrose accumulation. Moreover, 5 transcription factors (MYB, ERF, bHLH, C2H2, and NAC) were potentially involved in DlSPS regulation. Our findings provide clues for sucrose metabolism, and lay the foundation for longan breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lihui Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Fang
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Hibbert LE, Qian Y, Smith HK, Milner S, Katz E, Kliebenstein DJ, Taylor G. Making watercress ( Nasturtium officinale) cropping sustainable: genomic insights into enhanced phosphorus use efficiency in an aquatic crop. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1279823. [PMID: 38023842 PMCID: PMC10662076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1279823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) is a nutrient-dense salad crop with high antioxidant capacity and glucosinolate concentration and with the potential to contribute to nutrient security as a locally grown outdoor aquatic crop in northern temperate climates. However, phosphate-based fertilizers used to support plant growth contribute to the eutrophication of aquatic habitats, often pristine chalk streams, downstream of farms, increasing pressure to minimize fertilizer use and develop a more phosphorus-use efficient (PUE) crop. Here, we grew genetically distinct watercress lines selected from a bi-parental mapping population on a commercial watercress farm either without additional phosphorus (P-) or under a commercial phosphate-based fertilizer regime (P+), to decipher effects on morphology, nutritional profile, and the transcriptome. Watercress plants sustained shoot yield in P- conditions, through enhanced root biomass, but with shorter stems and smaller leaves. Glucosinolate concentration was not affected by P- conditions, but both antioxidant capacity and the concentration of sugars and starch in shoot tissue were enhanced. We identified two watercress breeding lines, with contrasting strategies for enhanced PUE: line 60, with highly plastic root systems and increased root growth in P-, and line 102, maintaining high yield irrespective of P supply, but less plastic. RNA-seq analysis revealed a suite of genes involved in cell membrane remodeling, root development, suberization, and phosphate transport as potential future breeding targets for enhanced PUE. We identified watercress gene targets for enhanced PUE for future biotechnological and breeding approaches enabling less fertilizer inputs and reduced environmental damage from watercress cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Hibbert
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Yufei Qian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Ella Katz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Gail Taylor
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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5
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Khan A, Cheng J, Kitashova A, Fürtauer L, Nägele T, Picco C, Scholz-Starke J, Keller I, Neuhaus HE, Pommerrenig B. Vacuolar sugar transporter EARLY RESPONSE TO DEHYDRATION6-LIKE4 affects fructose signaling and plant growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2141-2163. [PMID: 37427783 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of intracellular sugar homeostasis is maintained by regulation of activities of sugar import and export proteins residing at the tonoplast. We show here that the EARLY RESPONSE TO DEHYDRATION6-LIKE4 (ERDL4) protein, a member of the monosaccharide transporter family, resides in the vacuolar membrane in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Gene expression and subcellular fractionation studies indicated that ERDL4 participates in fructose allocation across the tonoplast. Overexpression of ERDL4 increased total sugar levels in leaves due to a concomitantly induced stimulation of TONOPLAST SUGAR TRANSPORTER 2 (TST2) expression, coding for the major vacuolar sugar loader. This conclusion is supported by the finding that tst1-2 knockout lines overexpressing ERDL4 lack increased cellular sugar levels. ERDL4 activity contributing to the coordination of cellular sugar homeostasis is also indicated by 2 further observations. First, ERDL4 and TST genes exhibit an opposite regulation during a diurnal rhythm, and second, the ERDL4 gene is markedly expressed during cold acclimation, representing a situation in which TST activity needs to be upregulated. Moreover, ERDL4-overexpressing plants show larger rosettes and roots, a delayed flowering time, and increased total seed yield. Consistently, erdl4 knockout plants show impaired cold acclimation and freezing tolerance along with reduced plant biomass. In summary, we show that modification of cytosolic fructose levels influences plant organ development and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azkia Khan
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jintao Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Anastasia Kitashova
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Fürtauer
- Institute for Biology III, Unit of Plant Molecular Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Cristiana Picco
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via De Marini 6, I-16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Joachim Scholz-Starke
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via De Marini 6, I-16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Isabel Keller
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Plant Physiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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6
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Shen J, Xu Y, Yuan S, Jin F, Huang Y, Chen H, Shan Z, Yang Z, Chen S, Zhou X, Zhang C. Genome-Wide Identification of GmSPS Gene Family in Soybean and Expression Analysis in Response to Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12878. [PMID: 37629058 PMCID: PMC10454306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose metabolism plays a critical role in development, stress response, and yield formation of plants. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is the key rate-limiting enzyme in the sucrose synthesis pathway. To date, genome-wide survey and comprehensive analysis of the SPS gene family in soybean (Glycine max) have yet to be performed. In this study, seven genes encoding SPS were identified in soybean genome. The structural characteristics, phylogenetics, tissue expression patterns, and cold stress response of these GmSPSs were investigated. A comparative phylogenetic analysis of SPS proteins in soybean, Medicago truncatula, Medicago sativa, Lotus japonicus, Arabidopsis, and rice revealed four families. GmSPSs were clustered into three families from A to C, and have undergone five segmental duplication events under purifying selection. All GmSPS genes had various expression patterns in different tissues, and family A members GmSPS13/17 were highly expressed in nodules. Remarkably, all GmSPS promoters contain multiple low-temperature-responsive elements such as potential binding sites of inducer of CBF expression 1 (ICE1), the central regulator in cold response. qRT-PCR proved that these GmSPS genes, especially GmSPS8/18, were induced by cold treatment in soybean leaves, and the expression pattern of GmICE1 under cold treatment was similar to that of GmSPS8/18. Further transient expression analysis in Nicotiana benthamiana and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) indicated that GmSPS8 and GmSPS18 transcriptions were directly activated by GmICE1. Taken together, our findings may aid in future efforts to clarify the potential roles of GmSPS genes in response to cold stress in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Songli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fuxiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhihui Shan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhonglu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shuilian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xinan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
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7
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Bagnato L, Tosato E, Gurrieri L, Trost P, Forlani G, Sparla F. Arabidopsis thaliana Sucrose Phosphate Synthase A2 Affects Carbon Partitioning and Drought Response. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050685. [PMID: 37237499 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose is essential for plants for several reasons: It is a source of energy, a signaling molecule, and a source of carbon skeletons. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) catalyzes the conversion of uridine diphosphate glucose and fructose-6-phosphate to sucrose-6-phosphate, which is rapidly dephosphorylated by sucrose phosphatase. SPS is critical in the accumulation of sucrose because it catalyzes an irreversible reaction. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SPSs form a gene family of four members, whose specific functions are not clear yet. In the present work, the role of SPSA2 was investigated in Arabidopsis under both control and drought stress conditions. In seeds and seedlings, major phenotypic traits were not different in wild-type compared with spsa2 knockout plants. By contrast, 35-day-old plants showed some differences in metabolites and enzyme activities even under control conditions. In response to drought, SPSA2 was transcriptionally activated, and the divergences between the two genotypes were higher, with spsa2 showing reduced proline accumulation and increased lipid peroxidation. Total soluble sugars and fructose concentrations were about halved compared with wild-type plants, and the plastid component of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway was activated. Unlike previous reports, our results support the involvement of SPSA2 in both carbon partitioning and drought response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bagnato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Tosato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Libero Gurrieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Forlani
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Liu Z, Fan H, Ma Z. Comparison of SWEET gene family between maize and foxtail millet through genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20226. [PMID: 35713030 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] does not show high yield and biomass compared with maize (Zea mays L.) although it is a C4 crop with the potential for high productivity. Because SWEET genes, which are important for sugar transport in plants, play critical roles in biomass production and seed filling in crops, genome-wide, transcriptomic, and proteomic comparison on SWEET gene family between these two species would provide some clues for unlocking this issue. In our study, 24 SWEET genes were identified in foxtail millet and maize. Sequence-based bioinformatics combined with gene expression analyses identified several candidate functional orthologs in these two species. A comparative analysis on expression characteristics of SWEET genes and proteins between maize and foxtail millet indicate that not only some critical major SWEET proteins show significant upregulation in maize compared with their orthologs in foxtail millet, but also there are more quantities of maize SWEET genes showing high expressions than that of foxtail millet genes, suggesting that compared with foxtail millet, maize possesses higher capacity of sugar transport, the crucial determinant for crop yield and biomass. These results provide a basis on revealing why foxtail millet exhibits low yield and biomass although it is a C4 crop with the potential for high productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural Univ., Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural Univ., Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural Univ., Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
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Fan D, Smith DL. Mucilaginibacter sp. K Improves Growth and Induces Salt Tolerance in Nonhost Plants via Multilevel Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:938697. [PMID: 35832221 PMCID: PMC9271937 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.938697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity negatively modulates plant growth and development, contributing to severe decreases in the growth and production of crops. Mucilaginibacter sp. K is a root endophytic bacterium that was previously reported by our laboratory to stimulate growth and confer salt tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The main purpose of the present study is to elucidate the physiological and molecular machinery responsible for the prospective salt tolerance as imparted by Mucilaginibacter sp. K. We first report that auxin, gibberellin, and MPK6 signalings were required for strain K-induced growth promotion and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Then, this strain was assessed as a remediation strategy to improve maize performance under salinity stress. Under normal growth conditions, the seed vigor index, nitrogen content, and plant growth were significantly improved in maize. After NaCl exposure, strain K significantly promoted the growth of maize seedlings, ameliorated decline in chlorophyll content and reduced accretion of MDA and ROS compared with the control. The possible mechanisms involved in salt resistance in maize could be the improved activities of SOD and POD (antioxidative system) and SPS (sucrose biosynthesis), upregulated content of total soluble sugar and ABA, and reduced Na+ accumulation. These physiological changes were then confirmed by induced gene expression for ion transportation, photosynthesis, ABA biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism. In summary, these results suggest that strain K promotes plant growth through increases in photosynthesis and auxin- and MPK6-dependent pathways; it also bestows salt resistance on plants through protection against oxidative toxicity, Na+ imbalance, and osmotic stress, along with the activation of auxin-, gibberellin-, and MPK6-dependent signaling pathways. This is the first detailed report of maize growth promotion by a Mucilaginibacter sp. strain from wild plant. This strain could be used as a favorable biofertilizer and a salinity stress alleviator for maize, with further ascertainment as to its reliability of performance under field conditions and in the presence of salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Fan
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, China
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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10
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Dominguez PG, Niittylä T. Mobile forms of carbon in trees: metabolism and transport. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:458-487. [PMID: 34542151 PMCID: PMC8919412 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants constitute 80% of the biomass on earth, and almost two-thirds of this biomass is found in wood. Wood formation is a carbon (C)-demanding process and relies on C transport from photosynthetic tissues. Thus, understanding the transport process is of major interest for understanding terrestrial biomass formation. Here, we review the molecules and mechanisms used to transport and allocate C in trees. Sucrose is the major form in which C is transported in plants, and it is found in the phloem sap of all tree species investigated so far. However, in several tree species, sucrose is accompanied by other molecules, notably polyols and the raffinose family of oligosaccharides. We describe the molecules that constitute each of these transport groups, and their distribution across different tree species. Furthermore, we detail the metabolic reactions for their synthesis, the mechanisms by which trees load and unload these compounds in and out of the vascular system, and how they are radially transported in the trunk and finally catabolized during wood formation. We also address a particular C recirculation process between phloem and xylem that occurs in trees during the annual cycle of growth and dormancy. A search of possible evolutionary drivers behind the diversity of C-carrying molecules in trees reveals no consistent differences in C transport mechanisms between angiosperm and gymnosperm trees. Furthermore, the distribution of C forms across species suggests that climate-related environmental factors will not explain the diversity of C transport forms. However, the consideration of C-transport mechanisms in relation to tree-rhizosphere coevolution deserves further attention. To conclude the review, we identify possible future lines of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Guadalupe Dominguez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 90183, Sweden
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11
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Feng Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Zhou J, Li Y, Shi H. Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveals the differences in nitrate content between lamina and midrib of flue-cured tobacco. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2932. [PMID: 35190651 PMCID: PMC8861034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate is an important precursor of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) and a remarkable difference in nitrate accumulation between lamina and midrib of flue-cured tobacco has long been observed. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underpinning this difference remain poorly understood. In this study, physiological and genetic factors impacting nitrate accumulation were identified in pot experiments using flue-cured tobacco K326 with contrasting nitrate content between lamina and midrib. The results showed that three times higher NO3-N content was observed in midrib than that in the lamina, along with lower pigment, NH4-N content, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), sucrose synthetase activity (SSA), and glutamine synthetase activity (GSA) in midrib. Transcriptome analysis revealed that expression of genes involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, photosynthesis, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, starch and sucrose metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids were significantly lower in midrib than in lamina. qRT-PCR results showed that the expression level of nitrate transporter genes LOC107782967, LOC107806749, LOC107775674, LOC107829632, LOC107799198, LOC107768465 decreased by 2.74, 1.81, 49.5, 3.5, 2.64 and 2.96-folds while LOC107789301 increased by 8.23-folds in midrib but not in lamina. Reduced chlorophyll content might result in low carbohydrate formation which is the source of energy and carbon skeleton supply, then the low capacity of nitrogen reduction, assimilation and transportation, and the poor ability of nitrate reallocation but the high capacity of accumulation might lead to nitrate accumulation in midrib. The results laid the foundation for reducing nitrate content and TSNA formation in tobacco midribs and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Feng
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center of China Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center of China Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yafei Li
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center of China Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Beijing Cigarette Factory, Shanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Yujing Li
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center of China Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongzhi Shi
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center of China Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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12
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Apelt F, Mavrothalassiti E, Gupta S, Machin F, Olas JJ, Annunziata MG, Schindelasch D, Kragler F. Shoot and root single cell sequencing reveals tissue- and daytime-specific transcriptome profiles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:861-878. [PMID: 34850215 PMCID: PMC8825464 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although several large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) studies addressing the root of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have been published, there is still need for a de novo reference map for both root and especially above-ground cell types. As the plants' transcriptome substantially changes throughout the day, shaped by the circadian clock, we performed scRNAseq on both Arabidopsis root and above-ground tissues at defined times of the day. For the root scRNAseq analysis, we used tissue-specific reporter lines grown on plates and harvested at the end of the day (ED). In addition, we submitted above-ground tissues from plants grown on soil at ED and end of the night to scRNAseq, which allowed us to identify common cell types/markers between root and shoot and uncover transcriptome changes to above-ground tissues depending on the time of the day. The dataset was also exploited beyond the traditional scRNAseq analysis to investigate non-annotated and di-cistronic transcripts. We experimentally confirmed the predicted presence of some of these transcripts and also addressed the potential function of a previously unidentified marker gene for dividing cells. In summary, this work provides insights into the spatial control of gene expression from nearly 70,000 cells of Arabidopsis for below- and whole above-ground tissue at single-cell resolution at defined time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Apelt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Eleni Mavrothalassiti
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Machin
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Justyna Jadwiga Olas
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Grazia Annunziata
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dana Schindelasch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kragler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Author for communication:
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13
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Salmeron-Santiago IA, Martínez-Trujillo M, Valdez-Alarcón JJ, Pedraza-Santos ME, Santoyo G, Pozo MJ, Chávez-Bárcenas AT. An Updated Review on the Modulation of Carbon Partitioning and Allocation in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants. Microorganisms 2021; 10:75. [PMID: 35056524 PMCID: PMC8781679 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophs that supply mineral nutrients to the host plant in exchange for carbon derived from photosynthesis. Sucrose is the end-product of photosynthesis and the main compound used by plants to translocate photosynthates to non-photosynthetic tissues. AMF alter carbon distribution in plants by modifying the expression and activity of key enzymes of sucrose biosynthesis, transport, and/or catabolism. Since sucrose is essential for the maintenance of all metabolic and physiological processes, the modifications addressed by AMF can significantly affect plant development and stress responses. AMF also modulate plant lipid biosynthesis to acquire storage reserves, generate biomass, and fulfill its life cycle. In this review we address the most relevant aspects of the influence of AMF on sucrose and lipid metabolism in plants, including its effects on sucrose biosynthesis both in photosynthetic and heterotrophic tissues, and the influence of sucrose on lipid biosynthesis in the context of the symbiosis. We present a hypothetical model of carbon partitioning between plants and AMF in which the coordinated action of sucrose biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism plays a role in the generation of hexose gradients to supply carbon to AMF, and to control the amount of carbon assigned to the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan J. Valdez-Alarcón
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58880, Mexico;
| | - Martha E. Pedraza-Santos
- Facultad de Agrobiología “Presidente Juárez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Uruapan 60170, Mexico;
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico;
| | - María J. Pozo
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana T. Chávez-Bárcenas
- Facultad de Agrobiología “Presidente Juárez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Uruapan 60170, Mexico;
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14
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Qian H, Xu Z, Cong K, Zhu X, Zhang L, Wang J, Wei J, Ji P. Transcriptomic responses to drought stress in Polygonatum kingianum tuber. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:537. [PMID: 34781887 PMCID: PMC8591914 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. is an important plant in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The extracts from its tubers are rich in polysaccharides and other metabolites such as saponins. It is a well-known concept that growing medicinal plants in semi-arid (or drought stress) increases their natural compounds concentrations. This study was conducted to explore the morpho-physiological responses of P. kingianum plants and transcriptomic signatures of P. kingianum tubers exposed to mild, moderate, and severe drought and rewatering. RESULTS The stress effects on the morpho-physiological parameters were dependent on the intensity of the drought stress. The leaf area, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and shoot fresh weight decreased whereas electrolyte leakage increased with increase in drought stress intensity. A total of 53,081 unigenes were obtained; 59% of which were annotated. We observed that 1352 and 350 core genes were differentially expressed in drought and rewatering, respectively. Drought stress driven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and stilbenoid diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. Pathways such as plant-pathogen interaction and galactose metabolism were differentially regulated between severe drought and rewatering. Drought reduced the expression of lignin, gingerol, and flavonoid biosynthesis related genes and rewatering recovered the tubers from stress by increasing the expression of the genes. Increased expression of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway related genes under drought suggested their important role in stress endurance. An increase in starch and sucrose biosynthesis was evident from transcriptomic changes under drought stress. Rewatering recovered the drought affected tubers as evident from the contrasting expression profiles of genes related to these pathways. P. kingianum tuber experiences an increased biosynthesis of sucrose, starch, and carotenoid under drought stress. Drought decreases the flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, gingerol, and lignin biosynthesis. These changes can be reversed by rewatering the P. kingianum plants. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a transcriptome resource for P. kingianum and expands the knowledge on the effect of drought and rewatering on important pathways. This study also provides a large number of candidate genes that could be manipulated for drought stress tolerance and managing the polysaccharide and secondary metabolites' contents in P. kingianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Qian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Kun Cong
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural science, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Xinyan Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural science, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural science, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Jiankun Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural science, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Pengzhang Ji
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural science, Kunming, 650223, China.
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15
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Xue X, Yu YC, Wu Y, Xue H, Chen LQ. Locally restricted glucose availability in the embryonic hypocotyl determines seed germination under abscisic acid treatment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1832-1844. [PMID: 34032290 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses affect plant growth and development by causing cellular damage and/or restricting resources. Plants often respond to stresses through abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Exogenous ABA application can therefore be used to mimic stress responses, which can be overridden by glucose (Glc) addition during seed germination. It remains unclear whether ABA-mediated germination inhibition is due to regional or global suppression of Glc availability in germinating Arabidopsis seeds. We used a genetically engineered Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor to ascertain whether ABA affects the spatiotemporal distribution of Glc, 14 C-Glc uptake assays to track potential effects of ABA on sugar import, and transcriptome and mutant analyses to identify genes associated with Glc availability that are involved in ABA-inhibited seed germination. Abscisic acid limits Glc in the hypocotyl largely by suppressing sugar allocation as well as altering sugar metabolism. Mutant plants carrying loss-of-function ABA-inducible sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) genes accumulated more Glc, leading to ABA-insensitive germination. We reveal that Glc antagonizes ABA by globally counteracting the ABA influence at the transcript level, including expansin (EXP) family genes suppressed by ABA. This study presents a new perspective on how ABA affects Glc distribution, which likely reflects what occurs when seeds are subjected to abiotic stresses such as drought and salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Xue
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ya-Chi Yu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Huiling Xue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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16
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Xu Q, Liesche J. Sugar export from Arabidopsis leaves: actors and regulatory strategies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5275-5284. [PMID: 34037757 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant acclimation and stress responses depend on the dynamic optimization of carbon balance between source and sink organs. This optimization also applies to the leaf export rate of photosynthetically produced sugars. So far, investigations into the molecular mechanisms of how the rate is controlled have focused on sugar transporters responsible for loading sucrose into the phloem sieve element-companion cell complex of leaf veins. Here, we take a broader view of the various proteins with potential direct influence on the leaf sugar export rate in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, helped by the cell type-specific transcriptome data that have recently become available. Furthermore, we integrate current information on the regulation of these potential target proteins. Our analysis identifies putative control points and units of transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally co-regulated genes. Most notable is the potential regulatory unit of sucrose transporters (SUC2, SWEET11, SWEET12, and SUC4) and proton pumps (AHA3 and AVP1). Our analysis can guide future research aimed at understanding the regulatory network controlling leaf sugar export by providing starting points for characterizing regulatory strategies and identifying regulatory factors that link sugar export rate to the major signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Johannes Liesche
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Michel EJS, Ponnala L, van Wijk KJ. Tissue-type specific accumulation of the plastoglobular proteome, transcriptional networks, and plastoglobular functions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4663-4679. [PMID: 33884419 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plastoglobules are dynamic protein-lipid microcompartments in plastids enriched for isoprenoid-derived metabolites. Chloroplast plastoglobules support formation, remodeling, and controlled dismantling of thylakoids during developmental transitions and environmental responses. However, the specific molecular functions of most plastoglobule proteins are still poorly understood. This review harnesses recent co-mRNA expression data from combined microarray and RNA-seq information in ATTED-II on an updated inventory of 34 PG proteins, as well as proteomics data across 30 Arabidopsis tissue types from ATHENA. Hierarchical clustering based on relative abundance for the plastoglobule proteins across non-photosynthetic and photosynthetic tissue types showed their coordinated protein accumulation across Arabidopsis parts, tissue types, development, and senescence. Evaluation of mRNA-based forced networks at different coefficient thresholds identified a central hub with seven plastoglobule proteins and four peripheral modules. Enrichment of specific nuclear transcription factors (e.g. Golden2-like) and support for crosstalk between plastoglobules and the plastid gene expression was observed, and specific ABC1 kinases appear part of a light signaling network. Examples of other specific findings are that FBN7b is involved with upstream steps of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and that ABC1K9 is involved in starch metabolism. This review provides new insights into the functions of plastoglobule proteins and an improved framework for experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena J S Michel
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences (SIPS), Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Klaas J van Wijk
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences (SIPS), Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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18
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Esparza-Reynoso S, Ruíz-Herrera LF, Pelagio-Flores R, Macías-Rodríguez LI, Martínez-Trujillo M, López-Coria M, Sánchez-Nieto S, Herrera-Estrella A, López-Bucio J. Trichoderma atroviride-emitted volatiles improve growth of Arabidopsis seedlings through modulation of sucrose transport and metabolism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1961-1976. [PMID: 33529396 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants host a diverse microbiome and differentially react to the fungal species living as endophytes or around their roots through emission of volatiles. Here, using divided Petri plates for Arabidopsis-T. atroviride co-cultivation, we show that fungal volatiles increase endogenous sugar levels in shoots, roots and root exudates, which improve Arabidopsis root growth and branching and strengthen the symbiosis. Tissue-specific expression of three sucrose phosphate synthase-encoding genes (AtSPS1F, AtSPS2F and AtSPS3F), and AtSUC2 and SWEET transporters revealed that the gene expression signatures differ from those of the fungal pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata and that AtSUC2 is largely repressed either by increasing carbon availability or by perception of the fungal volatile 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one. Our data point to Trichoderma volatiles as chemical signatures for sugar biosynthesis and exudation and unveil specific modulation of a critical, long-distance sucrose transporter in the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraí Esparza-Reynoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - León Francisco Ruíz-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Ramón Pelagio-Flores
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | | | | | - Montserrat López-Coria
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Conjunto E, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sobeida Sánchez-Nieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Conjunto E, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Herrera-Estrella
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
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19
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Sahu A, Banerjee S, Raju AS, Chiou TJ, Garcia LR, Versaw WK. Spatial Profiles of Phosphate in Roots Indicate Developmental Control of Uptake, Recycling, and Sequestration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:2064-2077. [PMID: 32999006 PMCID: PMC7723077 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The availability of inorganic phosphate (Pi) limits plant growth and crop productivity on much of the world's arable land. To better understand how plants cope with deficient and variable supplies of this essential nutrient, we used Pi imaging to spatially resolve and quantify cytosolic Pi concentrations and the respective contributions of Pi uptake, metabolic recycling, and vacuolar sequestration to cytosolic Pi homeostasis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots. Microinjection coupled with confocal microscopy was used to calibrate a FRET-based Pi sensor to determine absolute, rather than relative, Pi concentrations in live plants. High-resolution mapping of cytosolic Pi concentrations in different cells, tissues, and developmental zones of the root revealed that cytosolic concentrations varied between developmental zones, with highest levels in the transition zone, whereas concentrations were equivalent in epidermis, cortex, and endodermis within each zone. Pi concentrations in all zones were reduced, at different rates, by Pi starvation, but the developmental pattern of Pi concentration persisted. Pi uptake, metabolic recycling, and vacuolar sequestration were distinguished in each zone by using cyanide to block Pi assimilation in wild-type plants and a vacuolar Pi transport mutant, and then measuring the subsequent change in cytosolic Pi concentration over time. Each of these processes exhibited distinct spatial profiles in the root, but only vacuolar Pi sequestration corresponded with steady-state cytosolic Pi concentrations. These results highlight the complexity of Pi dynamics in live plants and revealed developmental control of root Pi homeostasis, which has potential implications for plant sensing and signaling of Pi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abira Sahu
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Swayoma Banerjee
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | | | - Tzyy-Jen Chiou
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - L Rene Garcia
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Wayne K Versaw
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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20
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Rodrigues CM, Müdsam C, Keller I, Zierer W, Czarnecki O, Corral JM, Reinhardt F, Nieberl P, Fiedler-Wiechers K, Sommer F, Schroda M, Mühlhaus T, Harms K, Flügge UI, Sonnewald U, Koch W, Ludewig F, Neuhaus HE, Pommerrenig B. Vernalization Alters Sink and Source Identities and Reverses Phloem Translocation from Taproots to Shoots in Sugar Beet. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3206-3223. [PMID: 32769131 PMCID: PMC7534467 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During their first year of growth, overwintering biennial plants transport Suc through the phloem from photosynthetic source tissues to storage tissues. In their second year, they mobilize carbon from these storage tissues to fuel new growth and reproduction. However, both the mechanisms driving this shift and the link to reproductive growth remain unclear. During vegetative growth, biennial sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) maintains a steep Suc concentration gradient between the shoot (source) and the taproot (sink). To shift from vegetative to generative growth, they require a chilling phase known as vernalization. We studied sugar beet sink-source dynamics upon vernalization and showed that before flowering, the taproot underwent a reversal from a sink to a source of carbohydrates. This transition was induced by transcriptomic and functional reprogramming of sugar beet tissue, resulting in a reversal of flux direction in the phloem. In this transition, the vacuolar Suc importers and exporters TONOPLAST SUGAR TRANSPORTER2;1 and SUCROSE TRANSPORTER4 were oppositely regulated, leading to the mobilization of sugars from taproot storage vacuoles. Concomitant changes in the expression of floral regulator genes suggest that these processes are a prerequisite for bolting. Our data will help both to dissect the metabolic and developmental triggers for bolting and to identify potential targets for genome editing and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Müdsam
- Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabel Keller
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zierer
- Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Czarnecki
- Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht SE & Co. KGaA, 37574 Einbeck, Germany
| | - José María Corral
- Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Reinhardt
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Petra Nieberl
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Frederik Sommer
- Biotechnology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Biotechnology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Bioinformatics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Karsten Harms
- Südzucker AG, Central Department for Research, Development, and Service, 67283 Obrigheim/Pfalz, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter and Center of Excellence on Plant Science, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koch
- Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht SE & Co. KGaA, 37574 Einbeck, Germany
| | - Frank Ludewig
- Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht SE & Co. KGaA, 37574 Einbeck, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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21
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Sato N, Kihira M, Matsushita R, Kaneko C, Ishii Y, Yin YG, Kawachi N, Teramura H, Kusano H, Shimada H. AtFLL2, a member of the FLO2 gene family, affects the enlargement of leaves at the vegetative stage and facilitates the regulation of carbon metabolism and flow. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2466-2475. [PMID: 32897834 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1812374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana FLL2, a member of the FLO2 gene family, is expressed specifically in green leaves. The fll2 mutant showed significantly large rosette leaves and reduced the chlorophyll content. The sucrose content was significantly reduced. The glucose content was higher during the vegetative growth stage but decreased during the early reproductive growth stage. The amount of assimilated starch was lower than that in the wild type plant. The expression levels of genes involved in biosynthesis of sucrose and starch were largely altered. These results suggest that, in the fll2 mutant, a small amount of photosynthetic products was used for the biosynthesis of starch, and the products were supplied to promote intracellular growth of the source organs or for transport to the sink organs. These findings suggest that FLL2 is a factor affecting the expression level of genes involved in sugar metabolism, whose mutation caused a change in the assimilated products. Abbreviations : DAS: days after sowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonoka Sato
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Kihira
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma, Japan
| | - Ryoko Matsushita
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kaneko
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Ishii
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Tokyo, Japan.,Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Takasaki, Japan
| | - Yong-Gen Yin
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Takasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawachi
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Takasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Teramura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kusano
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University , Uji, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Liu J, Luo Q, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Cheng Y. Identification of vital candidate microRNA/mRNA pairs regulating ovule development using high-throughput sequencing in hazel. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 20:13. [PMID: 32605594 PMCID: PMC7329476 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-020-00219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hazels (Corylus spp.) are economically important nut-producing species in which ovule development determines seed plumpness, one of the key parameters reflecting nut quality. microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in RNA silencing and the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. However, very little is currently known regarding the miRNAs involved in regulating ovule growth and development. RESULTS In this study, we accordingly sought to determine the important miRNAs involved in ovule development and growth in hazel. We examined ovules at four developmental stages, namely, ovule formation (Ov1), early ovule growth (Ov2), rapid ovule growth (Ov3), and ovule maturity (Ov4). On the basis of small RNA and mRNA sequencing using the Illumina sequencing platform, we identified 970 miRNAs in hazel, of which 766 and 204 were known and novel miRNAs, respectively. In Ov1-vs-Ov2, Ov1-vs-Ov3, Ov1-vs-Ov4, Ov2-vs-Ov3, Ov2-vs-Ov4, and Ov3-vs-Ov4 paired comparisons, 471 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and their 3117 target differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DEmRNAs) formed 11,199 DEmiRNA/DEmRNA pairs, with each DEmiRNA changing the expression of an average of 6.62 target mRNAs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of all DEmRNAs revealed 29 significantly enriched KEGG pathways in the six paired comparisons, including protein export (ko03060), fatty acid elongation (ko00062), starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500), fatty acid biosynthesis (ko00061), and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (ko00520). Our results indicate that DEmiRNA/DEmRNA pairs showing opposite change trends were related to stress tolerance, embryo and seed development, cell proliferation, auxin transduction, and the biosynthesis of proteins, starch, and fats may participate in ovule growth and development. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to a better understanding of ovule development at the level of post-transcriptional regulation, and lay the foundation for further functional analyses of hazelnut ovule growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin Province, 136000, PR China
| | - Qizheng Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin Province, 136000, PR China
| | - Xingzheng Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin Province, 136000, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin Province, 136000, PR China
| | - Yunqing Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin Province, 136000, PR China.
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23
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Padhi S, Grimes MM, Muro-Villanueva F, Ortega JL, Sengupta-Gopalan C. Distinct nodule and leaf functions of two different sucrose phosphate synthases in alfalfa. PLANTA 2019; 250:1743-1755. [PMID: 31422508 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In alfalfa, the B form of Sucrose phosphate synthase synthesizes sucrose in the leaves while the A form participates in regulatory cycles of synthesis/breakdown of sucrose/starch in the root nodules. Sucrose (Suc) is the major stable product of photosynthesis that is transported to all heterotrophic organs as a source of energy and carbon. The enzyme sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) catalyzes the synthesis of Suc. Besides the leaves, SPS is also found in heterotrophic organs. There are two isoforms of SPS in alfalfa (Medicago sativa): SPSA and SPSB. While SPSA is expressed in the vasculature of all the organs and in the N2-fixing zone in the nodules, SPSB is exclusively expressed in the photosynthetic cells. Two classes of alfalfa transformants were produced, one with a gene construct consisting of the alfalfa SPSA promoter and the other with the SPSB promoter-both driving the maize SPS coding region-referred to as SPSA-ZmSPS and SPSB-ZmSPS, respectively. Both classes of transformants showed increased growth compared to control plants. The SPSB-ZmSPS transformants showed increased SPS protein levels and activity along with a significant increase in the Suc levels in the leaves. The SPSA-ZmSPS transformants showed an increase in the SPS protein level and enzyme activity both in the leaves and the nodules with no increase in Suc content in the leaves but a substantial increase in the nodules. Both SPSA and SPSB have unique roles in the nodules (sink) and leaves (source). SPSB is responsible for the synthesis of Suc in the photosynthetic cells and SPSA participates in a regulatory cycle in which Suc is simultaneously degraded and re-synthesized; both these functions contribute to plant growth in rhizobia nodulated alfalfa plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Padhi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Martha M Grimes
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Fabiola Muro-Villanueva
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jose Luis Ortega
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Champa Sengupta-Gopalan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
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24
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de Ï Vila Silva L, Condori-Apfata JA, Costa PMDA, Martino PBO, Tavares ACA, Marcelino MM, Raimundi SBCJR, Picoli EADT, Araï Jo WL, Zsï Gï N A, Sulpice R, Nunes-Nesi A. Source Strength Modulates Fruit Set by Starch Turnover and Export of Both Sucrose and Amino Acids in Pepper. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2319-2330. [PMID: 31268146 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set is an important yield-related parameter, which varies drastically due to genetic and environmental factors. Here, two commercial cultivars of Capsicum chinense (Biquinho and Habanero) were evaluated in response to light intensity (unshaded and shaded) and N supply (deficiency and sufficiency) to understand the role of source strength on fruit set at the metabolic level. We assessed the metabolic balance of primary metabolites in source leaves during the flowering period. Furthermore, we investigated the metabolic balance of the same metabolites in flowers to gain more insights into their influence on fruit set. Genotype and N supply had a strong effect on fruit set and the levels of primary metabolites, whereas light intensity had a moderate effect. Higher fruit set was mainly related to the export of both sucrose and amino acids from source leaves to flowers. Additionally, starch turnover in source leaves, but not in flowers, had a central role on the sucrose supply to sink organs at night. In flowers, our results not only confirmed the role of the daily supply of carbohydrates on fruit set but also indicated a potential role of the balance of amino acids and malate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Ï Vila Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Brandï O Martino
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana C Azevedo Tavares
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Wagner L Araï Jo
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsï Gï N
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Plant Systems Biology Laboratory, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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25
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Liu X, Fu L, Qin P, Sun Y, Liu J, Wang X. Overexpression of the wheat trehalose 6-phosphate synthase 11 gene enhances cold tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 2019; 710:210-217. [PMID: 31176733 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Low temperature is a key stress factor for the growth and development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and glycometabolism plays an important role in plant cold tolerance. Our previous study identified trehalose 6-phosphate synthase 11 gene (TaTPS11), which had a significantly different expression pattern between a high freezing-tolerant wheat cultivar and a low freezing-tolerant wheat cultivar. In this study, TaTPS11 was isolated from a winter-hardy wheat cultivar (D1) and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to study its effect on cold tolerance in plants. Transgenic plants expressing TaTPS11 had lower sucrose content, higher starch content, and higher activity of key enzyme (sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and invertase) involved in sucrose metabolism. In addition, the expression level of sucrose non-fermenting 1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1), which catalyzes the sucrose in plants, increased in the TaTPS11-overexpressed plants. These results indicated that heterologous expression of TaTPS11 influenced carbohydrate metabolism in Arabidopsis plants. The resultant plants had a significantly higher survival rate after -5 °C treatment for 2 h and exhibited enhanced cold tolerance without unfavorable phenotypes compared to wild-type. Our findings indicated that manipulation of TaTPS11 improved cold tolerance in plants and TaTPS11 had potential values in wheat cold-tolerance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lianshuang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yinglu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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26
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Li Y, Chang D, Yang H, Wang J, Shi H. Metabolome and molecular basis for carbohydrate increase and nitrate reduction in burley tobacco seedlings by glycerol through upregulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13300. [PMID: 30185870 PMCID: PMC6125293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Burley tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum) is a chlorophyll-deficiency mutant. Nitrate is one precursor of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) and is largely accumulated in burley tobacco. To decrease nitrate accumulation in burley tobacco, glycerol, a polyhydric alcohol compound and physiological regulating material, was sprayed and its effects were investigated based on metabolomic technology and molecular biology. The results showed that glucose, glutamine and glutamic acid increased by 2.6, 5.1 and 196, folds, respectively, in tobacco leaves after glycerol application. Nitrate content was significantly decreased by 12-16% and expression of eight genes responsible for carbon and nitrogen metabolism were up-regulated with glycerol applications under both normal and 20% reduced nitrogen levels (P < 0.01). Leaf biomass of plants sprayed with glycerol and 20% nitrogen reduction was equivalent to that of no glycerol control with normal nitrogen application. Carbohydrates biosynthesis, nitrate transport and nitrate assimilation were enhanced in glycerol sprayed burley tobacco seedlings which might contribute to reduced nitrate and increased carbohydrates contents. In conclusion, glyerol spray coupled with 20% nitrogen reduction would be an effective method to reduce nitrate accumulation in burley tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Chang
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
- Pingdingshan Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, 467002, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Shi
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
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27
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Li X, Du J, Guo J, Wang H, Ma S, Lü J, Sui X, Zhang Z. The functions of cucumber sucrose phosphate synthases 4 (CsSPS4) in carbon metabolism and transport in sucrose- and stachyose-transporting plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 228:150-157. [PMID: 29913429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose phosphate synthases (SPSs) are rate-limiting sucrose synthesis enzymes present in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues. The cucumber genome contains three SPSs that can be grouped into families A, B, and C. CsSPS1 and CsSPS2 are highly expressed in flowers and mature leaves, while the expression level of CsSPS4 increased gradually after leaf unfolding in our study and reached its peak after 20 days. In CsSPS4-overexpression tobacco plants, sucrose content and sucrose/starch ratio were increased significantly and resulted in improved leaf yield. By contrast, in CsSPS4-overexpression (CsSPS4-OE) cucumber lines, contents of sucrose and starch were unchanged, and raffinose was increased in transgenic cucumber leaves. The expression of cucumber raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO)-synthesis-related genes increased obviously in cucumber CsSPS4-OE plants, and the sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose contents increased significantly in the petioles of CsSPS4-OE lines. In CsSPS4-antisense (CsSPS4-A) cucumber lines, decreases occurred in mRNA expression, enzyme activity, sucrose content, sucrose/starch ratio, and stachyose transport, but the RFO-synthesis-related genes were nearly unchanged. Together, these results suggest that overexpression of CsSPS4 can lead to carbon metabolism prioritizing sugar transport in cucumber, and suppression of CsSPS4 likely promotes carbon metabolism to accumulate starch, showing a more complicated carbon distribution model than in transgenic tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinju Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Lü
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Sui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenxian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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28
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Yang Z, Liu D, Ji H. Sucrose metabolism in developing oil-rich tubers of Cyperus esculentus: comparative transcriptome analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:151. [PMID: 30041609 PMCID: PMC6056992 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyperus esculentus is unique in that it can accumulate significant amounts of oil, starch and sugar as major storage reserves in tubers with high tuber yield and therefore considered as a novel model to study carbon allocation into different storage reserves in underground sink tissues such as tubers and roots. Sucrose (Suc) plays a central role in control of carbon flux toward biosynthesis of different storage reserves; however, it remains unclear for the molecular mechanism underlying Suc metabolism in underground oil-rich storage tissues. In the present study, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of C. esculentus oil tuber compared to other plant oil- or carbohydrate-rich storage tissues was made for the expression patterns of genes related to the Suc metabolism. RESULTS The results revealed some species-specific features of gene transcripts in oil tuber of C. esculentus, indicating that: (i) the expressions of genes responsible for Suc metabolism are developmentally regulated and displayed a pattern dissimilar to other plant storage tissues; (ii) both of Suc breakdown and biosynthesis processes might be the major pathways associated with Suc metabolism; (iii) it was probably that Suc degradation could be primarily through the action of Suc synthase (SUS) other than invertase (INV) during tuber development. The orthologs of SUS1, SUS3 and SUS4 are the main SUS isoforms catalyzing Suc breakdown while the vacuolar INV (VIN) is the leading determinant controlling sugar composition; (iv) cytosolic hexose phosphorylation possibly relies more on fructose as substrate and uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) plays an important role in this pathway; (v) it is Suc-phosphate synthase (SPS) B- and C-family members rather than SPS A that are the principal contributors to SPS enzymes and play crucial roles in Suc biosynthesis pathway. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully identified the Suc metabolic pathways in C. esculentus tubers, highlighting several conserved and distinct expressions that might contribute to sugar accumulation in this unique underground storage tissue. The specific and differential expression genes revealed in this study might indicate the special molecular mechanism and transcriptional regulation of Suc metabolism occurred in oil tubers of C. esculentus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenle Yang
- Key Lab of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Key Lab of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Hongying Ji
- Key Lab of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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29
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Brauner K, Birami B, Brauner HA, Heyer AG. Diurnal periodicity of assimilate transport shapes resource allocation and whole-plant carbon balance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:776-789. [PMID: 29575337 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Whole-plant carbon balance comprises diurnal fluctuations of photosynthetic carbon gain and respiratory losses, as well as partitioning of assimilates between phototrophic and heterotrophic organs. Because it is difficult to access, the root system is frequently neglected in growth models, or its metabolism is rated based on generalizations from other organs. Here, whole-plant cuvettes were used for investigating total-plant carbon exchange with the environment over full diurnal cycles. Dynamics of primary metabolism and diurnally resolved phloem exudation profiles, as proxy of assimilate transport, were combined to obtain a full picture of resource allocation. This uncovered a strong impact of periodicity of inter-organ transport on the efficiency of carbon gain. While a sinusoidal fluctuation of the transport rate, with minor diel deflections, minimized respiratory losses in Arabidopsis wild-type plants, triangular or rectangular patterns of transport, found in mutants defective in either starch or sucrose metabolism, increased root respiration at the end or beginning of the day, respectively. Power spectral density and cross-correlation analysis revealed that only the rate of starch synthesis was strictly correlated to the rate of net photosynthesis in wild-type, while in a sucrose-phosphate synthase mutant (spsa1), this applied also to carboxylate synthesis, serving as an alternative carbon pool. In the starchless mutant of plastidial phospho-gluco mutase (pgm), none of these rates, but concentrations of sucrose and glucose in the root, followed the pattern of photosynthesis, indicating direct transduction of shoot sugar levels to the root. The results demonstrate that starch metabolism alone is insufficient to buffer diurnal fluctuations of carbon exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Brauner
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Benjamin Birami
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Horst A Brauner
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, DHBW Ravensburg, Marienplatz 2, Ravensburg, 88212, Germany
| | - Arnd G Heyer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
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30
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Nietzsche M, Guerra T, Alseekh S, Wiermer M, Sonnewald S, Fernie AR, Börnke F. STOREKEEPER RELATED1/G-Element Binding Protein (STKR1) Interacts with Protein Kinase SnRK1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1773-1792. [PMID: 29192025 PMCID: PMC5813543 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose nonfermenting related kinase1 (SnRK1) is a conserved energy sensor kinase that regulates cellular adaptation to energy deficit in plants. Activation of SnRK1 leads to the down-regulation of ATP-consuming biosynthetic processes and the stimulation of energy-generating catabolic reactions by transcriptional reprogramming and posttranslational modifications. Although considerable progress has been made during the last years in understanding the SnRK1 signaling pathway, many of its components remain unidentified. Here, we show that the catalytic α-subunits KIN10 and KIN11 of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SnRK1 complex interact with the STOREKEEPER RELATED1/G-Element Binding Protein (STKR1) inside the plant cell nucleus. Overexpression of STKR1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants led to reduced growth, a delay in flowering, and strongly attenuated senescence. Metabolite profiling revealed that the transgenic lines exhausted their carbohydrates during the dark period to a greater extent than the wild type and accumulated a range of amino acids. At the global transcriptome level, genes affected by STKR1 overexpression were broadly associated with systemic acquired resistance, and transgenic plants showed enhanced resistance toward a virulent strain of the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2. We discuss a possible connection of STKR1 function, SnRK1 signaling, and plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Nietzsche
- Plant Metabolism Group, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Tiziana Guerra
- Plant Metabolism Group, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Marcel Wiermer
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, RG Molecular Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Sonnewald
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Frederik Börnke
- Plant Metabolism Group, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Li Y, Yang H, Chang D, Lin S, Feng Y, Li J, Shi H. Biochemical, Physiological and Transcriptomic Comparison between Burley and Flue-Cured Tobacco Seedlings in Relation to Carbohydrates and Nitrate Content. Molecules 2017; 22:E2126. [PMID: 29207483 PMCID: PMC6149767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Burley tobacco is a genotype of chloroplast-deficient mutant with accumulates high levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) which would induce malignant tumors in animals. Nitrate is a principle precursor of tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Nitrate content in burley tobacco was significantly higher than that in flue-cured tobacco. The present study investigated differences between the two tobacco types to explore the mechanisms of nitrate accumulation in burley tobacco. transcripts (3079) related to the nitrogen and carbon metabolism were observed. Expression of genes involved in carbon fixation, glucose and starch biosynthesis, nitrate translocation and assimilation were significantly low in burley tobacco than flue-cured tobacco. Being relative to flue-cured tobacco, burley tobacco was significantly lower at total nitrogen and carbohydrate content, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate (Pn), but higher nitrate content. Burley tobacco required six-fold more nitrogen fertilizers than flue-cured tobacco, but both tobaccos had a similar leaf biomass. Reduced chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate (Pn) might result in low carbohydrate formation, and low capacity of nitrogen assimilation and translocation might lead to nitrate accumulation in burley tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Huijuan Yang
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Dong Chang
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Shuzhen Lin
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yuqing Feng
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Hongzhi Shi
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Kumar S, Sreeharsha RV, Mudalkar S, Sarashetti PM, Reddy AR. Molecular insights into photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in Jatropha curcas grown under elevated CO 2 using transcriptome sequencing and assembly. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11066. [PMID: 28894153 PMCID: PMC5593950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. (Family - Euphorbiaceae) is a perennial tree of special interest due to its potential as a biofuel plant with high carbon sequestration. In this study, physiological investigations coupled with transcriptomics in relation to photosynthesis were evaluated in Jatropha grown under ambient (395 ppm) and elevated (550 ppm) CO2 atmosphere. Morphophysiological analysis revealed that Jatropha sustained enhanced photosynthesis during its growth under elevated CO2 for one year which might be linked to improved CO2 assimilation physiology and enhanced sink activity. We sequenced and analyzed the leaf transcriptome of Jatropha after one year of growth in both conditions using Illumina HiSeq platform. After optimized assembly, a total of 69,581 unigenes were generated. The differential gene expression (DGE) analysis revealed 3013 transcripts differentially regulated in elevated CO2 conditions. The photosynthesis regulatory genes were analysed for temporal expression patterns at four different growth phases which highlighted probable events contributing to enhanced growth and photosynthetic capacity including increased reducing power, starch synthesis and sucrose mobilization under elevated CO2. Overall, our data on physiological and transcriptomic analyses suggest an optimal resource allocation to the available and developing sink organs thereby sustaining improved photosynthetic rates during long-term growth of Jatropha under CO2 enriched environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Photosynthesis and Stress Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rachapudi Venkata Sreeharsha
- Photosynthesis and Stress Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shalini Mudalkar
- Photosynthesis and Stress Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Attipalli Ramachandra Reddy
- Photosynthesis and Stress Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
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Miller MAE, O’Cualain R, Selley J, Knight D, Karim MF, Hubbard SJ, Johnson GN. Dynamic Acclimation to High Light in Arabidopsis thaliana Involves Widespread Reengineering of the Leaf Proteome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1239. [PMID: 28775726 PMCID: PMC5517461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana transferred from low to high light increase their capacity for photosynthesis, a process of dynamic acclimation. A mutant, gpt2, lacking a chloroplast glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator, is deficient in its ability to acclimate to increased light. Here, we have used a label-free proteomics approach, to perform relative quantitation of 1993 proteins from Arabidopsis wild type and gpt2 leaves exposed to increased light. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006598. Acclimation to light is shown to involve increases in electron transport and carbon metabolism but no change in the abundance of photosynthetic reaction centers. The gpt2 mutant shows a similar increase in total protein content to wild type but differences in the extent of change of certain proteins, including in the relative abundance of the cytochrome b6f complex and plastocyanin, the thylakoid ATPase and selected Benson-Calvin cycle enzymes. Changes in leaf metabolite content as plants acclimate can be explained by changes in the abundance of enzymes involved in metabolism, which were reduced in gpt2 in some cases. Plants of gpt2 invest more in stress-related proteins, suggesting that their reduced ability to acclimate photosynthetic capacity results in increased stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. E. Miller
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ronan O’Cualain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Selley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Knight
- School of Biological Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohd F. Karim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Hubbard
- School of Biological Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Giles N. Johnson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
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Maddison AL, Camargo-Rodriguez A, Scott IM, Jones CM, Elias DMO, Hawkins S, Massey A, Clifton-Brown J, McNamara NP, Donnison IS, Purdy SJ. Predicting future biomass yield in Miscanthus using the carbohydrate metabolic profile as a biomarker. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY. BIOENERGY 2017; 9:1264-1278. [PMID: 28713439 PMCID: PMC5488626 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In perennial energy crop breeding programmes, it can take several years before a mature yield is reached when potential new varieties can be scored. Modern plant breeding technologies have focussed on molecular markers, but for many crop species, this technology is unavailable. Therefore, prematurity predictors of harvestable yield would accelerate the release of new varieties. Metabolic biomarkers are routinely used in medicine, but they have been largely overlooked as predictive tools in plant science. We aimed to identify biomarkers of productivity in the bioenergy crop, Miscanthus, that could be used prognostically to predict future yields. This study identified a metabolic profile reflecting productivity in Miscanthus by correlating the summer carbohydrate composition of multiple genotypes with final yield 6 months later. Consistent and strong, significant correlations were observed between carbohydrate metrics and biomass traits at two separate field sites over 2 years. Machine-learning feature selection was used to optimize carbohydrate metrics for support vector regression models, which were able to predict interyear biomass traits with a correlation (R) of >0.67 between predicted and actual values. To identify a causal basis for the relationships between the glycome profile and biomass, a 13C-labelling experiment compared carbohydrate partitioning between high- and low-yielding genotypes. A lower yielding and slower growing genotype partitioned a greater percentage of the 13C pulse into starch compared to a faster growing genotype where a greater percentage was located in the structural biomass. These results supported a link between plant performance and carbon flow through two rival pathways (starch vs. sucrose), with higher yielding plants exhibiting greater partitioning into structural biomass, via sucrose metabolism, rather than starch. Our results demonstrate that the plant metabolome can be used prognostically to anticipate future yields and this is a method that could be used to accelerate selection in perennial energy crop breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Maddison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University Plas Gogerddan SY23 3EB UK
| | - Anyela Camargo-Rodriguez
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University Plas Gogerddan SY23 3EB UK
| | - Ian M Scott
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University Plas Gogerddan SY23 3EB UK
| | - Charlotte M Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University Plas Gogerddan SY23 3EB UK
| | - Dafydd M O Elias
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Lancaster Environment Centre Library Avenue Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK
| | - Sarah Hawkins
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University Plas Gogerddan SY23 3EB UK
| | - Alice Massey
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University Plas Gogerddan SY23 3EB UK
| | - John Clifton-Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University Plas Gogerddan SY23 3EB UK
| | - Niall P McNamara
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Lancaster Environment Centre Library Avenue Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK
| | - Iain S Donnison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University Plas Gogerddan SY23 3EB UK
| | - Sarah J Purdy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University Plas Gogerddan SY23 3EB UK
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Almadanim MC, Alexandre BM, Rosa MTG, Sapeta H, Leitão AE, Ramalho JC, Lam TT, Negrão S, Abreu IA, Oliveira MM. Rice calcium-dependent protein kinase OsCPK17 targets plasma membrane intrinsic protein and sucrose-phosphate synthase and is required for a proper cold stress response. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1197-1213. [PMID: 28102545 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are involved in plant tolerance mechanisms to abiotic stresses. Although CDPKs are recognized as key messengers in signal transduction, the specific role of most members of this family remains unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that OsCPK17 plays a role in rice cold stress response by analysing OsCPK17 knockout, silencing and overexpressing rice lines under low temperature. Altered OsCPK17 gene expression compromises cold tolerance performance, without affecting the expression of key cold stress-inducible genes. A comparative phosphoproteomic approach led to the identification of six potential in vivo OsCPK17 targets, which are associated with sugar and nitrogen metabolism, and with osmotic regulation. To test direct interaction, in vitro kinase assays were performed, showing that the sucrose-phosphate synthase OsSPS4 and the aquaporin OsPIP2;1/OsPIP2;6 are phosphorylated by OsCPK17 in a calcium-dependent manner. Altogether, our data indicates that OsCPK17 is required for a proper cold stress response in rice, likely affecting the activity of membrane channels and sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cecília Almadanim
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Alexandre
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida T G Rosa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena Sapeta
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - António E Leitão
- Plant Stress and Biodiversity, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Dept. Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2784-505, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José C Ramalho
- Plant Stress and Biodiversity, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Dept. Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2784-505, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8024, USA
- MS and Proteomics Resource, WM Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8024, USA
| | - Sónia Negrão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isabel A Abreu
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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36
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Solís-Guzmán MG, Argüello-Astorga G, López-Bucio J, Ruiz-Herrera LF, López-Meza JE, Sánchez-Calderón L, Carreón-Abud Y, Martínez-Trujillo M. Arabidopsis thaliana sucrose phosphate synthase (sps) genes are expressed differentially in organs and tissues, and their transcription is regulated by osmotic stress. Gene Expr Patterns 2017. [PMID: 28642207 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose is synthesized from UDP-Glc and Fru-6-phosphate via the activity of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) enzymes, which produce Suc-6-phosphate. Suc-6-phosphate is rapidly dephosphorylated by phosphatases to produce Suc and inorganic phosphate. Arabidopsis has four sps genes encoding SPS enzymes. Of these enzymes, AtSPS1F and AtSPS2F have been grouped with other dicotyledonous SPS enzymes, while AtSPS3F and AtSPS4F are included in groups with both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous SPS enzymes. In this work, we generated Arabidopsis thaliana transformants containing the promoter region of each sps gene fused to gfp::uidA reporter genes. A detailed characterization of expression conferred by the sps promoters in organs and tissues was performed. We observed expression of AtSPS1F, AtSPS2F and AtSPS3F in the columella roots of the plants that support sucrose synthesis. Hence, these findings support the idea that sucrose synthesis occurs in the columella cells, and suggests that sucrose has a role in this tissue. In addition, the expression of AtSPS4F was identified in embryos and suggests its participation in this developmental stage. Quantitative transcriptional analysis of A. thaliana plants grown in media with different osmotic potential showed that AtSPS2F and AtSPS4F respond to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerardo Argüello-Astorga
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. C.P. 78216, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán CP 58000, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Yazmín Carreón-Abud
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán CP 58000, Mexico
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37
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Hoermiller II, Naegele T, Augustin H, Stutz S, Weckwerth W, Heyer AG. Subcellular reprogramming of metabolism during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:602-610. [PMID: 27642699 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolite changes in plant leaves during exposure to low temperatures involve re-allocation of a large number of metabolites between sub-cellular compartments. Therefore, metabolite determination at the whole cell level may be insufficient for interpretation of the functional significance of cellular compounds. To investigate the cold-induced metabolite dynamics at the level of individual sub-cellular compartments, an integrative platform was developed that combines quantitative metabolite profiling by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with the non-aqueous fractionation technique allowing separation of cytosol, vacuole and the plastidial compartment. Two mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana representing antipodes in the diversion of carbohydrate metabolism between sucrose and starch were compared to Col-0 wildtype before and after cold acclimation to investigate interactions of cold acclimation with subcellular re-programming of metabolism. A multivariate analysis of the data set revealed dominant effects of compartmentation on metabolite concentrations that were modulated by environmental condition and genetic determinants. While for both, the starchless mutant of plastidial phospho-gluco mutase (pgm) and a mutant defective in sucrose-phosphate synthase A1, metabolic constraints, especially at low temperature, could be uncovered based on subcellularly resolved metabolite profiles, only pgm had lowered freezing tolerance. Metabolic profiles of pgm point to redox imbalance as a possible reason for reduced cold acclimation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke I Hoermiller
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Naegele
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanna Augustin
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon Stutz
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnd G Heyer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Rellstab C, Fischer MC, Zoller S, Graf R, Tedder A, Shimizu KK, Widmer A, Holderegger R, Gugerli F. Local adaptation (mostly) remains local: reassessing environmental associations of climate-related candidate SNPs in Arabidopsis halleri. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 118:193-201. [PMID: 27703154 PMCID: PMC5234484 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous landscape genomic studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes potentially involved in local adaptation. Rarely, it has been explicitly evaluated whether these environmental associations also hold true beyond the populations studied. We tested whether putatively adaptive SNPs in Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae), characterized in a previous study investigating local adaptation to a highly heterogeneous environment, show the same environmental associations in an independent, geographically enlarged set of 18 populations. We analysed new SNP data of 444 plants with the same methodology (partial Mantel tests, PMTs) as in the original study and additionally with a latent factor mixed model (LFMM) approach. Of the 74 candidate SNPs, 41% (PMTs) and 51% (LFMM) were associated with environmental factors in the independent data set. However, only 5% (PMTs) and 15% (LFMM) of the associations showed the same environment-allele relationships as in the original study. In total, we found 11 genes (31%) containing the same association in the original and independent data set. These can be considered prime candidate genes for environmental adaptation at a broader geographical scale. Our results suggest that selection pressures in highly heterogeneous alpine environments vary locally and signatures of selection are likely to be population-specific. Thus, genotype-by-environment interactions underlying adaptation are more heterogeneous and complex than is often assumed, which might represent a problem when testing for adaptation at specific loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rellstab
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - M C Fischer
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Zoller
- ETH Zürich, Genetic Diversity Centre, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Graf
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - A Tedder
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K K Shimizu
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Widmer
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Holderegger
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Gugerli
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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39
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Hashida Y, Hirose T, Okamura M, Hibara KI, Ohsugi R, Aoki N. A reduction of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity affects sucrose/starch ratio in leaves but does not inhibit normal plant growth in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 253:40-49. [PMID: 27968995 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) has been shown to mediate sucrose/starch ratio in plant leaves through studies of 'starch leaf' species that mainly accumulate starch in their leaves. However, the contribution of SPS to sucrose/starch ratio in rice leaves, which mainly accumulate sucrose (i.e., 'sugar leaf'), has not been confirmed due to inconsistencies in the results of previous studies. In this study, we analyzed mutant lines with reduced SPS activity, which were generated using Tos17 insertion, RNAi, and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The knockdown and knockout mutants of OsSPS1 showed a 29-46% reduction in SPS activity in the leaves, but the carbohydrate content in the leaves and plant growth were not significantly different from those of wild-type plants. In a double knockout mutant of OsSPS1 and OsSPS11 (sps1/sps11), an 84% reduction in leaf SPS activity resulted in higher starch accumulation in the leaves than in the wild-type leaves. However, the sps1/sps11 plants grew normally, which is in contrast to the inhibited growth of SPS mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, a typical starch leaf plant. These results suggest that SPS has a smaller effect on the sucrose/starch ratio in leaves and growth of rice than on starch leaf species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Hashida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hirose
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 1-2-1 Inada, Joetsu, Niigata 943-0193, Japan
| | - Masaki Okamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hibara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryu Ohsugi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naohiro Aoki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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40
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Sucrose metabolism gene families and their biological functions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17583. [PMID: 26616172 PMCID: PMC4663468 DOI: 10.1038/srep17583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose, as the main product of photosynthesis, plays crucial roles in plant development. Although studies on general metabolism pathway were well documented, less information is available on the genome-wide identification of these genes, their expansion and evolutionary history as well as their biological functions. We focused on four sucrose metabolism related gene families including sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose phosphate phosphatase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. These gene families exhibited different expansion and evolutionary history as their host genomes experienced differentiated rates of the whole genome duplication, tandem and segmental duplication, or mobile element mediated gene gain and loss. They were evolutionarily conserved under purifying selection among species and expression divergence played important roles for gene survival after expansion. However, we have detected recent positive selection during intra-species divergence. Overexpression of 15 sorghum genes in Arabidopsis revealed their roles in biomass accumulation, flowering time control, seed germination and response to high salinity and sugar stresses. Our studies uncovered the molecular mechanisms of gene expansion and evolution and also provided new insight into the role of positive selection in intra-species divergence. Overexpression data revealed novel biological functions of these genes in flowering time control and seed germination under normal and stress conditions.
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42
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Baute J, Herman D, Coppens F, De Block J, Slabbinck B, Dell'Acqua M, Pè ME, Maere S, Nelissen H, Inzé D. Correlation analysis of the transcriptome of growing leaves with mature leaf parameters in a maize RIL population. Genome Biol 2015; 16:168. [PMID: 26357925 PMCID: PMC4566308 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To sustain the global requirements for food and renewable resources, unraveling the molecular networks underlying plant growth is becoming pivotal. Although several approaches to identify genes and networks involved in final organ size have been proven successful, our understanding remains fragmentary. RESULTS Here, we assessed variation in 103 lines of the Zea mays B73xH99 RIL population for a set of final leaf size and whole shoot traits at the seedling stage, complemented with measurements capturing growth dynamics, and cellular measurements. Most traits correlated well with the size of the division zone, implying that the molecular basis of final leaf size is already defined in dividing cells of growing leaves. Therefore, we searched for association between the transcriptional variation in dividing cells of the growing leaf and final leaf size and seedling biomass, allowing us to identify genes and processes correlated with the specific traits. A number of these genes have a known function in leaf development. Additionally, we illustrated that two independent mechanisms contribute to final leaf size, maximal growth rate and the duration of growth. CONCLUSIONS Untangling complex traits such as leaf size by applying in-depth phenotyping allows us to define the relative contributions of the components and their mutual associations, facilitating dissection of the biological processes and regulatory networks underneath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Baute
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dorota Herman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bram Slabbinck
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Matteo Dell'Acqua
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mario Enrico Pè
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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Bahaji A, Baroja-Fernández E, Ricarte-Bermejo A, Sánchez-López ÁM, Muñoz FJ, Romero JM, Ruiz MT, Baslam M, Almagro G, Sesma MT, Pozueta-Romero J. Characterization of multiple SPS knockout mutants reveals redundant functions of the four Arabidopsis sucrose phosphate synthase isoforms in plant viability, and strongly indicates that enhanced respiration and accelerated starch turnover can alleviate the blockage of sucrose biosynthesis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 238:135-47. [PMID: 26259182 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We characterized multiple knock-out mutants of the four Arabidopsis sucrose phosphate synthase (SPSA1, SPSA2, SPSB and SPSC) isoforms. Despite their reduced SPS activity, spsa1/spsa2, spsa1/spsb, spsa2/spsb, spsa2/spsc, spsb/spsc, spsa1/spsa2/spsb and spsa2/spsb/spsc mutants displayed wild type (WT) vegetative and reproductive morphology, and showed WT photosynthetic capacity and respiration. In contrast, growth of rosettes, flowers and siliques of the spsa1/spsc and spsa1/spsa2/spsc mutants was reduced compared with WT plants. Furthermore, these plants displayed a high dark respiration phenotype. spsa1/spsb/spsc and spsa1/spsa2/spsb/spsc seeds poorly germinated and produced aberrant and sterile plants. Leaves of all viable sps mutants, except spsa1/spsc and spsa1/spsa2/spsc, accumulated WT levels of nonstructural carbohydrates. spsa1/spsc leaves possessed high levels of metabolic intermediates and activities of enzymes of the glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways, and accumulated high levels of metabolic intermediates of the nocturnal starch-to-sucrose conversion process, even under continuous light conditions. Results presented in this work show that SPS is essential for plant viability, reveal redundant functions of the four SPS isoforms in processes that are important for plant growth and nonstructural carbohydrate metabolism, and strongly indicate that accelerated starch turnover and enhanced respiration can alleviate the blockage of sucrose biosynthesis in spsa1/spsc leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Adriana Ricarte-Bermejo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Ángela María Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Jose M Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Teresa Ruiz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - María Teresa Sesma
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain.
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Transitory and storage starch metabolism: two sides of the same coin? Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 32:143-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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