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Schärer ML, Lüscher A, Kahmen A. Post-drought compensatory growth in perennial grasslands is determined by legacy effects of the soil and not by plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2265-2275. [PMID: 37789694 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands recovering from drought have repeatedly been shown to outperform non-drought-stressed grasslands in biomass production. The mechanisms that lead to the unexpectedly high biomass production in grasslands recovering from drought are, however, not understood. To disentangle plant-intrinsic and plant-extrinsic (soil) drought legacy effects on grassland recovery from drought, we designed a factorial field experiment where Lolium perenne plants that were exposed to either a 2-month drought or to well-watered control conditions were transplanted into control and drought-stressed soil and rewetted thereafter. Drought and rewetting (DRW) resulted in negative drought legacy effects of formerly drought-stressed plants (DRWp ) compared with control plants (Ctrp ) when decoupled from soil-mediated DRW effects, with DRWp showing less aboveground productivity (-13%), restricted N nutrition, and higher δ13 C compared with Ctrp . However, plants grown on formerly drought-stressed soil (DRWs ) showed enhanced aboveground productivity (+82%), improved N nutrition, and higher δ13 C values relative to plants grown on control soil (Ctrs ), irrespective of the plants' pretreatment. Our study shows that the higher post-drought productivity of perennial grasslands recovering from drought relative to non-drought-stressed controls is induced by soil-mediated DRW legacy effects which improve plant N nutrition and photosynthetic capacity and that these effects countervail negative plant-intrinsic drought legacy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Schärer
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4057, Basel, Switzerland
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lüscher
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4057, Basel, Switzerland
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Vysotskaya L, Martynenko E, Ryabova A, Kuzmina L, Starikov S, Chetverikov S, Gaffarova E, Kudoyarova G. The Growth-Inhibitory Effect of Increased Planting Density Can Be Reduced by Abscisic Acid-Degrading Bacteria. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1668. [PMID: 38002350 PMCID: PMC10669761 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density planting can increase crop productivity per unit area of cultivated land. However, the application of this technology is limited by the inhibition of plant growth in the presence of neighbors, which is not only due to their competition for resources but is also caused by growth regulators. Specifically, the abscisic acid (ABA) accumulated in plants under increased density of planting has been shown to inhibit their growth. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that bacteria capable of degrading ABA can reduce the growth inhibitory effect of competition among plants by reducing concentration of this hormone in plants and their environment. Lettuce plants were grown both individually and three per pot; the rhizosphere was inoculated with a strain of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 2.4-D capable of degrading ABA. Plant growth was recorded in parallel with immunoassaying ABA concentration in the pots and plants. The presence of neighbors indeed inhibited the growth of non-inoculated lettuce plants. Bacterial inoculation positively affected the growth of grouped plants, reducing the negative effects of competition. The bacteria-induced increase in the mass of competing plants was greater than that in the single ones. ABA concentration was increased by the presence of neighbors both in soil and plant shoots associated with the inhibition of plant growth, but accumulation of this hormone as well as inhibition of the growth of grouped plants was prevented by bacteria. The results confirm the role of ABA in the response of plants to the presence of competitors as well as the possibility of reducing the negative effect of competition on plant productivity with the help of bacteria capable of degrading this hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiya Vysotskaya
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.M.); (A.R.); (L.K.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guzel Kudoyarova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.M.); (A.R.); (L.K.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
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Aslam MM, Karanja JK, Dodd IC, Waseem M, Weifeng X. Rhizosheath: An adaptive root trait to improve plant tolerance to phosphorus and water deficits? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2861-2874. [PMID: 35822342 PMCID: PMC9544408 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Drought and nutrient limitations adversely affect crop yields, with below-ground traits enhancing crop production in these resource-poor environments. This review explores the interacting biological, chemical and physical factors that determine rhizosheath (soil adhering to the root system) development, and its influence on plant water uptake and phosphorus acquisition in dry soils. Identification of quantitative trait loci for rhizosheath development indicate it is genetically determined, but the microbial community also directly (polysaccharide exudation) and indirectly (altered root hair development) affect its extent. Plants with longer and denser root hairs had greater rhizosheath development and increased P uptake efficiency. Moreover, enhanced rhizosheath formation maintains contact at the root-soil interface thereby assisting water uptake from drying soil, consequently improving plant survival in droughted environments. Nevertheless, it can be difficult to determine if rhizosheath development is a cause or consequence of improved plant adaptation to dry and nutrient-depleted soils. Does rhizosheath development directly enhance plant water and phosphorus use, or do other tolerance mechanisms allow plants to invest more resources in rhizosheath development? Much more work is required on the interacting genetic, physical, biochemical and microbial mechanisms that determine rhizosheath development, to demonstrate that selection for rhizosheath development is a viable crop improvement strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- Center for Plant Water‐Use and Nutrition Regulation, College of Resource and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- College of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong
| | - Joseph K. Karanja
- Center for Plant Water‐Use and Nutrition Regulation, College of Resource and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Ian C. Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | | | - Xu Weifeng
- Center for Plant Water‐Use and Nutrition Regulation, College of Resource and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- College of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsuChina
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A Drying-Rewetting Cycle Imposes More Important Shifts on Soil Microbial Communities than Does Reduced Precipitation. mSystems 2022; 7:e0024722. [PMID: 35762785 PMCID: PMC9426475 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00247-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Global changes will result in altered precipitation patterns, among which the increasing frequency of drought events has the highest deleterious potential for agriculture. Soil microbes have shown some promise to help crops adapt to drought events, but it is uncertain how crop-associated microorganisms will respond to altered precipitation patterns. To investigate this matter, we conducted a field experiment where we seeded two wheat cultivars (one resistant to water stress and the other sensitive) that were subjected to four precipitation exclusion (PE) regimes (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% exclusion). These cultivars were sampled seven times (every 2 weeks, from May to August) within one growing season to investigate short-term microbiome responses to altered precipitation regimes and seasonality using 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region amplicon sequencing. One of the most striking features of the data set was the dramatic shift in microbial community diversity, structure, and composition together with a doubling of the relative abundance of the archaeal ammonia oxidizer genus Nitrososphaera following an important drying-rewetting event. Comparatively small but significant effects of PE and wheat cultivar on microbial community diversity, composition, and structure were observed. Taken together, our results demonstrate an uneven response of microbial taxa to decreasing soil water content, which was dwarfed by drying-rewetting events, to which soil bacteria and archaea were more sensitive than fungi. Importantly, our study showed that an increase in drying-rewetting cycles will cause larger shifts in soil microbial communities than a decrease in total precipitation, suggesting that under climate changes, the distribution of precipitation will be more important than small variations in the total quantity of precipitation. IMPORTANCE Climate change will have a profound effect on the precipitation patterns of global terrestrial ecosystems. Seasonal and interannual uneven distributions of precipitation will lead to increasing frequencies and intensities of extreme drought and rainfall events, which will affect crop productivity and nutrient contents in various agroecosystems. However, we still lack knowledge about the responses of soil microbial communities to reduced precipitation and drying-rewetting events in agroecosystems. Our results demonstrated an uneven response of the soil microbiome and a dramatic shift in microbial community diversity and structure to a significant drying-rewetting event with a large increase in the relative abundance of archaeal ammonia oxidizers. These findings highlight the larger importance of rewetting of dry soils on microbial communities, as compared to decreased precipitation, with potential for changes in the soil nitrogen cycling.
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Okamoto H, Kitamura S, Masaki N. Activation of the root xylem proton pump by hydraulic signals from leaves under suppressed transpiration. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:311-322. [PMID: 35075591 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long term field observations have revealed that the inhibition of transpiration by heavy rainfall promotes immediate positive shift in the trans-root electric potential (TRP), indicating activation of the xylem proton pump in the tree root system presumably participating in acropetal water transport. This phenomenon is indicative of signal transmission from the aerial part to the root system via change in the xylem hydraulic pressure. To test this hypothesis, we constructed a new device that enables the simultaneous recording of artificially applied xylem hydraulic pressure and the change in the TRP of tree saplings. With the application of artificial pressure to the xylem vessels (20-62 kPa), TRP shifted towards positive potential by 20-80 mV, which indicates the activation of the proton pump in the root xylem. The reaction was observed in 11 tree species, six deciduous and five evergreen, although only during the resting phase of the xylem proton pump (May to October) when the transpiration rates were high. Contrastingly the application of tension (negative pressure) produced no reaction. Simultaneous determination of the two components of the TRP, i.e. Vps (electric membrane potential difference across root surface cell membrane) and Vpx (electric membrane potential difference between root symplast and xylem vessel), are performed using the intra-cellular micro-electrode technique throughout the four seasons. Application of excess xylem hydraulic pressure had no significant effect on Vps, while it brought about hyper-polarisation of Vpx except during the winter season, most significantly during summer when transpiration is vigorous and the xylem pump is in a resting state. Such effect of excess xylem pressure was, however, not observed under anoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Okamoto
- Mori Laboratory of Plant Physiology, 443-5 Enden Mori, Shizuoka, 437-0221, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Kitamura
- Mori Laboratory of Plant Physiology, 443-5 Enden Mori, Shizuoka, 437-0221, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Masaki
- Masaki Laboratory of Arboriculture, 729-2 Higashihara Iwata, Shizuoka, 438-0802, Japan
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Zhang Q, Yuan W, Wang Q, Cao Y, Xu F, Dodd IC, Xu W. ABA regulation of root growth during soil drying and recovery can involve auxin response. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:871-883. [PMID: 34176142 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant adaptation to water deficits, but its role in regulating root growth (primary root elongation and lateral root number) during different drought-phases remains unclear. Here, we exposed wild-type (WT) and ABA-deficient (not) tomato plants to three continuous drought-phases (moderate drying: day 0-21; severe drying: day 22-47 and re-watering: day 48-51). It was found that WT increased primary root growth during moderate drying; maintained more lateral roots, and greater primary root and total root length under severe drying; and produced more roots after re-watering. After RNA-Seq analysis, we found that the auxin-related genes in root showed different expression patterns between WT and not under drying or re-watering. Further, exogenous supply of IAA partially recovered the root growth of ABA-deficient not plants under three continuous drought-phases. Our results suggested that ABA regulation of tomato root growth during soil drying and recovery can involve auxin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiying Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feiyun Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ian C Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Wang L, Wang N, Ji G. Pb contaminated soil influence on aboveground biomass and bioactive compounds in leaves of mulberry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:1100-1106. [PMID: 34787032 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.2002808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of soil lead (Pb), biochar, and partial root zone drought (PRD) on mulberry (Morus alba L.) branches and leaves biomass, Pb accumulation, and bioactive compounds including 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and flavonoids. Three-factor pot experiments were conducted with biochar, PRD, and soil Pb at four concentration levels (0, 50, 200, and 800 mg kg-1). Results revealed that mulberry aboveground biomass did not decrease significantly across the soil Pb levels. Pb concentration of mulberry leaves do not increase significantly when soil Pb was 200 mg kg-1; however, it significantly accumulated under 800 mg kg-1. There was a dose-effect between the Pb concentration in branches and the soil Pb levels. Mulberry leaf flavonoids were affected by the interaction of soil Pb and biochar. The interaction between two of the three factors significantly affected leaves DNJ concentration. The combination of biochar and PRD maintained the biomass of mulberry and did not significantly increase Pb in leaves under 200 mg kg-1 soil Pb concentration. In summary, mulberry has a higher resistance to soil Pb stress, and it can be planted in moderate Pb-contaminated soils for no loss of biomass and can safely harvest the branches and leaves.Novelty statementAn economic benefit is a key to the practical application and sustainability of phytoremediation. Based on this, we studied the effects of soil Pb on biomass, Pb accumulation, and bioactive substance concentration of harvesting organs in mulberry.Phytoremediation is not isolated, and techniques, such as soil amendments and water management also play a role. In this study, we found that biochar and partial root-zone irrigation had a synergistic effect on the response of mulberry to soil Pb, which could be co-applied in the phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil.The concentration of heavy metals is the key to ensuring product safety in heavy metal contaminated soil. We found that Pb concentration in leaf and stem of mulberry did not significantly increase under 200 mg kg-1 soil Pb, while increased at 800 mg kg-1 soil Pb. Therefore, planting mulberry on 200 mg kg-1 Pb contaminated soil can safely harvest branches and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Gengsheng Ji
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
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8
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Aslam MM, Karanja JK, Yuan W, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Xu W. Phosphorus uptake is associated with the rhizosheath formation of mature cluster roots in white lupin under soil drying and phosphorus deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:531-539. [PMID: 34174658 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency largely restricts plant growth and lead to severe yield losses. Therefore, identification of novel root traits to improve P uptake is needed to circumvent yield losses. White lupin (Lupinus albus) is a legume crop that develops cluster roots and has the high phosphorus use efficiency in low P soils. We aimed to investigate the association between cluster roots (CR) rhizosheath formation and P uptake in white lupin. Rhizosheath formation and P concentration were evaluated under four soil treatments. CR increased up to 2.5-fold of overall plant dry weight under SD-P compared to WW + P (control), partly attributable to variations in CR development. Our data showed that SD-P significantly increase rhizosheath weight in white lupin. Among the root segments, MCR showed improved P accumulation in the root which is associated with increased MCR rhizosheath weight. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between MCR rhizosheath weight and P uptake. Moreover, high sucrose content was recorded in MCR, which may contribute in CR growth under SD-P. Expression analysis of genes related to sucrose accumulation (LaSUC1, LaSUC5, and LaSUC9) and phosphorus uptake (LaSPX3, LaPHO1, and LaPHT1) exhibited peaked expression in MCR under SD-P. This indicate that root sucrose status may facilitate P uptake under P starvation. Together, the ability to enhance P uptake of white lupin is largely associated with MCR rhizosheath under SD-P. Our results showed that gene expression modulation of CR forming plant species, demonstrating that these novel root structures may play crucial role in P acquisition from the soil. Our findings could be implicated for developing P and water efficient crop via CR development in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops and College of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Joseph K Karanja
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops and College of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops and College of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops and College of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology in Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Baptist University, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops and College of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Reynolds M, Atkin OK, Bennett M, Cooper M, Dodd IC, Foulkes MJ, Frohberg C, Hammer G, Henderson IR, Huang B, Korzun V, McCouch SR, Messina CD, Pogson BJ, Slafer GA, Taylor NL, Wittich PE. Addressing Research Bottlenecks to Crop Productivity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:607-630. [PMID: 33893046 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetry of investment in crop research leads to knowledge gaps and lost opportunities to accelerate genetic gain through identifying new sources and combinations of traits and alleles. On the basis of consultation with scientists from most major seed companies, we identified several research areas with three common features: (i) relatively underrepresented in the literature; (ii) high probability of boosting productivity in a wide range of crops and environments; and (iii) could be researched in 'precompetitive' space, leveraging previous knowledge, and thereby improving models that guide crop breeding and management decisions. Areas identified included research into hormones, recombination, respiration, roots, and source-sink, which, along with new opportunities in phenomics, genomics, and bioinformatics, make it more feasible to explore crop genetic resources and improve breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera Mexico, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico.
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University Canberra, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Mark Cooper
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ian C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - M John Foulkes
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Claus Frohberg
- BASF BBC-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Graeme Hammer
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | | | - Susan R McCouch
- Plant Breeding & Genetics, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Carlos D Messina
- Corteva Agriscience, 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50310, USA.
| | - Barry J Pogson
- Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University Canberra, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gustavo A Slafer
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, AGROTECNIO, CERCA Center, Av. R. Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; ICREA, Catalonian Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nicolas L Taylor
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Peter E Wittich
- Syngenta Seeds B.V., Westeinde 62, 1601 BK, Enkhuizen, The Netherlands.
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Rhizosphere Bacterium Rhodococcus sp. P1Y Metabolizes Abscisic Acid to Form Dehydrovomifoliol. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030345. [PMID: 33668728 PMCID: PMC7996341 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant growth and in response to abiotic stress factors. At the same time, its accumulation in soil can negatively affect seed germination, inhibit root growth and increase plant sensitivity to pathogens. ABA is an inert compound resistant to spontaneous hydrolysis and its biological transformation is scarcely understood. Recently, the strain Rhodococcus sp. P1Y was described as a rhizosphere bacterium assimilating ABA as a sole carbon source in batch culture and affecting ABA concentrations in plant roots. In this work, the intermediate product of ABA decomposition by this bacterium was isolated and purified by preparative HPLC techniques. Proof that this compound belongs to ABA derivatives was carried out by measuring the molar radioactivity of the conversion products of this phytohormone labeled with tritium. The chemical structure of this compound was determined by instrumental techniques including high-resolution mass spectrometry, NMR spectrometry, FTIR and UV spectroscopies. As a result, the metabolite was identified as (4RS)-4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(E)-3-oxobut-1-enyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one (dehydrovomifoliol). Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the pathway of bacterial degradation and assimilation of ABA begins with a gradual shortening of the acyl part of the molecule.
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Effects of Soil Water Deficit at Different Growth Stages on Maize Growth, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency under Alternate Partial Root-Zone Irrigation. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI) and water deficit at different growth stages on maize growth, physiological characteristics, the grain yield, and the water use efficiency (WUE), a pot experiment was conducted under a mobile automatic rain shelter. There were two irrigation methods, i.e., conventional irrigation (CI) and APRI; two irrigation levels, i.e., mild deficit irrigation (W1, 55%~70% FC, where FC is the field capacity) and serious deficit irrigation (W2, 40%~55% FC); and two deficit stages, i.e., the seedling (S) and milking stage (M). Sufficient irrigation (W0: 70%~85% FC) was applied throughout the growing season of maize as the control treatment (CK). The results indicated that APRI and CI decreased the total water consumption (ET) by 34.7% and 23.8% compared to CK, respectively. In comparison to CK, APRI and CI increased the yield-based water use efficiency (WUEY) by 41% and 7.7%, respectively. APRI increased the irrigation water efficiency (IWUE) and biomass-based water use efficiency (WUEB) by 8.8% and 25.5% compared to CK, respectively. Additionally, ASW1 had a similar grain yield to CK and the largest harvest index (HI). However, the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were significantly reduced by 13.7% and 23.1% under CI, and by 11.3% and 20.3% under APRI, compared to CK, respectively. Deficit irrigation at the milking stage produced a longer tip length, resulting in a lower grain yield. Based on the entropy weight method and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, multi-objective optimization was obtained when mild deficit irrigation (55%~70% FC) occurred at the seedling stage under APRI.
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12
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Lorente B, Zugasti I, Ortuño MF, Nortes P, Bañón S, Hernández JA, Sánchez-Blanco MJ. Substrate composition affects the development of water stress and subsequent recovery by inducing physiological changes in Cistus albidus plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:125-135. [PMID: 33307424 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic residues (compost) can be used as growth medium but may contain phytotoxic ions that, combined with a water deficit may alter the behavior of plants. The experiment was carried out in a growth chamber with Cistus albidus in a commercial substrate, C (sphagnum peat, coconut fiber and perlite, 8:7:1) and a mixture of compost substrates, Cp (slurry compost, coconut fiber and perlite, 3:6:1). Plants were grown in pots under well-watered, maintaining values of Ψl around -0.9 MPa (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions, where the irrigation was removed until reached values of Ψl around -3.0 MPa (water stress period), after then, water was re-established in all plants (recovery period). Although, the well-watered plants had a leaf water potential (Ψl) around -0.9 MPa, stomatal conductance (gs) was 125 mmol m-2s-1 in the commercial substrate and 30 mmol m-2s-1 in compost. The time taken to reach the threshold value at which water stress occurs was 13 days in the commercial substrate and 53 days in compost. Water-stressed plants in the commercial substrate had significantly lower values of Ψl and gs than well-watered. Plants in compost maintained values of gs similar in both irrigation treatments (WW and WS) and accumulated less biomass than those that grown in commercial. The water stress in compost led an increase in the adaxial epidermis, parenchyma and mesophyll, whereas water stress in commercial the proportions of the different tissues decreased. Higher lipid peroxidation values were found in plants grown in both substrates under water stress. The recovery time of the plants, until manage Ψl values around -0.9 MPa, depended on the type of substrate. The restoration of irrigation in commercial substrate act as a new stress, as reflected in the photochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lorente
- Irrigation Department, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Spain
| | - Inés Zugasti
- Irrigation Department, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Spain
| | - María Fernanda Ortuño
- Irrigation Department, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Spain
| | - Pedro Nortes
- Irrigation Department, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Spain
| | - Sebastián Bañón
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, UPCT, 30203, Cartagena, Spain
| | - José Antonio Hernández
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Spain
| | - María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco
- Irrigation Department, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Spain.
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13
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Marusig D, Tombesi S. Abscisic Acid Mediates Drought and Salt Stress Responses in Vitis vinifera-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8648. [PMID: 33212767 PMCID: PMC7698233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The foreseen increase in evaporative demand and reduction in rainfall occurrence are expected to stress the abiotic constrains of drought and salt concentration in soil. The intensification of abiotic stresses coupled with the progressive depletion in water pools is a major concern especially in viticulture, as most vineyards rely on water provided by rainfall. Because its economical relevance and its use as a model species for the study of abiotic stress effect on perennial plants, a significant amount of literature has focused on Vitis vinifera, assessing the physiological mechanisms occurring under stress. Despite the complexity of the stress-resistance strategy of grapevine, the ensemble of phenomena involved seems to be regulated by the key hormone abscisic acid (ABA). This review aims at summarizing our knowledge on the role of ABA in mediating mechanisms whereby grapevine copes with abiotic stresses and to highlight aspects that deserve more attention in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Tombesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
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14
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Acosta-Motos JR, Rothwell SA, Massam MJ, Albacete A, Zhang H, Dodd IC. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation increases water and phosphorus use efficiency independent of substrate phosphorus status of vegetative rice plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:914-926. [PMID: 32919099 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable approaches to rice cultivation that apply less irrigation and chemical fertilisers are required to increase crop resource use efficiency. Although alternate wetting and drying (AWD) has been widely promoted as a water-saving irrigation technique, its interactions with phosphorus (P) nutrition have attracted little attention. Vegetative rice plants were grown with two phosphorus levels, fertilised (HP) or un-fertilised (LP), and either continuous flooding (CF) or AWD irrigation. Treatment effects on substrate P bioavailability (measured by Diffusive Gradients in Thin films - DGT-P), plant and substrate water relations, and foliar phytohormone status, were assessed along with P partitioning in planta. Shoot biomass and leaf area under different irrigation treatments depended on substrate P status (significant P x irrigation interaction), since LP decreased these variables under CF, but had no significant effect on plants grown under AWD. AWD maintained DGT-P concentrations and increased maximal root length, but decreased root P concentrations and P offtake. Substrate drying decreased stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf water potential (Ψleaf) but re-flooding increased gs. AWD increased foliar abscisic acid (ABA), isopentenyl adenine (iP) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentrations, but decreased trans-zeatin (tZ) and gibberellin A1 (GA1) concentrations. Low P increased ACC and jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations but decreased gibberellin A4 (GA4) concentrations. Across all treatments, stomatal conductance was negatively correlated with foliar ABA concentration but positively correlated with GA1 concentration. Changes in shoot phytohormone concentrations were associated with increased water and phosphorus use efficiency (WUE and PUE) of vegetative rice plants grown under AWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramón Acosta-Motos
- Universidad Católica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, 30107, Guadalupe, Spain; CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Shane A Rothwell
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Margaret J Massam
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Ian C Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
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Kimbembe RER, Li G, Fu G, Feng B, Fu W, Tao L, Chen T. Proteomic analysis of salicylic acid regulation of grain filling of two near-isogenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under soil drying condition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:659-672. [PMID: 32348929 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Grain filling is the final determinant of yield, and this process is susceptible to abiotic stresses. Salicylic acid (SA) regulates grain filling in rice plants. A comparative proteomic study was conducted to understand how SA mediates grain filling under soil drying (SD) condition. Zhefu802 and its near-isogenic line (NIL) were planted in pots in an artificial chamber. SA (100 mg L-1) was applied, followed by SD treatment (with a water potential of -30 to -35 kPa) at anthesis. The results showed that the grain yield and grain weight significantly decreased under SD in Zhefu802, but not in its NIL variety. SD also decreased expression of photosynthesis-related proteins in grains of Zhefu802, which resulted in its poorer drought resistance. Furthermore, the decreased grain filling rate rather than the grain size explained the observed decreased grain weight and grain yield under SD. Interestingly, these reductions were reversed by SA. Expression of proteins involved in glycolysis/TCA circle, starch and sucrose metabolism, antioxidation and detoxication, oxidative phosphorylation, transcription, translation, and signal transduction, were significantly down-regulated under SD and were significantly up-regulated in response to SA. The expression of these proteins was examined at transcriptional level and similar results were obtained. Inhibited expression of these proteins and related pathways contributed to the observed decrease in the grain filling rate of Zhefu802, and application of SA up-regulated expression of these proteins to improve grain weight. The findings of this study provide new insights into grain filling regulation by SA, and offer the scientific foundation for cultivation practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romesh Eric Romy Kimbembe
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guangyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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16
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Puértolas J, Pardos M, de Ollas C, Albacete A, Dodd IC. Soil moisture heterogeneity regulates water use in Populus nigra L. by altering root and xylem sap phytohormone concentrations. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:762-773. [PMID: 32193548 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil moisture heterogeneity in the root zone is common both during the establishment of tree seedlings and in experiments aiming to impose semi-constant soil moisture deficits, but its effects on regulating plant water use compared with homogenous soil drying are not well known in trees. Pronounced vertical soil moisture heterogeneity was imposed on black poplar (Populus nigra L.) grown in soil columns by altering irrigation frequency, to test whether plant water use, hydraulic responses, root phytohormone concentrations and root xylem sap chemical composition differed between wet (well-watered, WW), and homogeneously (infrequent deficit irrigation, IDI) and heterogeneously dry soil (frequent deficit irrigation, FDI). At the same bulk soil water content, FDI plants had greater water use than IDI plants, probably because root abscisic acid (ABA) concentration was low in the upper wetter layer of FDI plants, which maintained root xylem sap ABA concentration at basal levels in contrast with IDI. Soil drying did not increase root xylem concentration of any other hormone. Nevertheless, plant-to-plant variation in xylem jasmonic acid (JA) concentration was negatively related to leaf stomatal conductance within WW and FDI plants. However, feeding detached leaves with high (1200 nM) JA concentrations via the transpiration stream decreased transpiration only marginally. Xylem pH and sulphate concentration decreased in FDI plants compared with well-watered plants. Frequent deficit irrigation increased root accumulation of the cytokinin trans-zeatin (tZ), especially in the dry lower layer, and of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), in the wet upper soil layer. Root hormone accumulation might explain the maintenance of high root hydraulic conductance and water use in FDI plants (similar to well-watered plants) compared with IDI plants. In irrigated tree crops, growers could vary irrigation scheduling to control water use by altering the hormone balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Puértolas
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Marta Pardos
- Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Crta A Coruña s/n, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Carlos de Ollas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, Castelló de la Plana E-12071, Spain
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Espinardo, Murcia E-30100, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Agrotecnologýa, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, Murcia E-30150, Spain
| | - Ian C Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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17
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Xu F, Song T, Wang K, Xu W, Chen G, Xu M, Zhang Q, Liu J, Zhu Y, Rensing C, Zhang J, Yuan W. Frequent alternate wetting and drying irrigation mitigates the effect of low phosphorus on rice grain yield in a 4‐year field trial by increasing soil phosphorus release and rice root growth. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyun Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Tao Song
- School of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Ke Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | | | - Min Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
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18
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Lee SJ, Morse D, Hijri M. Holobiont chronobiology: mycorrhiza may be a key to linking aboveground and underground rhythms. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:403-412. [PMID: 31190278 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are nearly ubiquitous timing mechanisms that can orchestrate rhythmic behavior and gene expression in a wide range of organisms. Clock mechanisms are becoming well understood in fungal, animal, and plant model systems, yet many of these organisms are surrounded by a complex and diverse microbiota which should be taken into account when examining their biology. Of particular interest are the symbiotic relationships between organisms that have coevolved over time, forming a unit called a holobiont. Several studies have now shown linkages between the circadian rhythms of symbiotic partners. Interrelated regulation of holobiont circadian rhythms seems thus important to coordinate shifts in activity over the day for all the partners. Therefore, we suggest that the classical view of "chronobiological individuals" should include "a holobiont" rather than an organism. Unfortunately, mechanisms that may regulate interspecies temporal acclimation and the evolution of the circadian clock in holobionts are far from being understood. For the plant holobiont, our understanding is particularly limited. In this case, the holobiont encompasses two different ecosystems, one above and the other below the ground, with the two potentially receiving timing information from different synchronizing signals (Zeitgebers). The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, formed by plant roots and fungi, is one of the oldest and most widespread associations between organisms. By mediating the nutritional flux between the plant and the many microbes in the soil, AM symbiosis constitutes the backbone of the plant holobiont. Even though the importance of the AM symbiosis has been well recognized in agricultural and environmental sciences, its circadian chronobiology remains almost completely unknown. We have begun to study the circadian clock of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and we compile and here discuss the available information on the subject. We propose that analyzing the interrelated temporal organization of the AM symbiosis and determining its underlying mechanisms will advance our understanding of the role and coordination of circadian clocks in holobionts in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Jae Lee
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Morse
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, Canada.
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19
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Justamante MS, Acosta-Motos JR, Cano A, Villanova J, Birlanga V, Albacete A, Cano EÁ, Acosta M, Pérez-Pérez JM. Integration of Phenotype and Hormone Data during Adventitious Rooting in Carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Stem Cuttings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E226. [PMID: 31311180 PMCID: PMC6681402 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The rooting of stem cuttings is a highly efficient procedure for the vegetative propagation of ornamental plants. In cultivated carnations, an increased auxin level in the stem cutting base produced by active auxin transport from the leaves triggers adventitious root (AR) formation from the cambium. To provide additional insight into the physiological and genetic basis of this complex trait, we studied AR formation in a collection of 159 F1 lines derived from a cross between two hybrid cultivars (2003 R 8 and 2101-02 MFR) showing contrasting rooting performances. In three different experiments, time-series for several stem and root architectural traits were quantified in detail in a subset of these double-cross hybrid lines displaying extreme rooting phenotypes and their parental genotypes. Our results indicate that the water content and area of the AR system directly contributed to the shoot water content and shoot growth. Moreover, morphometric data and rooting quality parameters were found to be associated with some stress-related metabolites such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the ethylene precursor, and the conjugated auxin indol-3-acetic acid-aspartic acid (IAA-Asp).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Ramón Acosta-Motos
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
- CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Joan Villanova
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Virginia Birlanga
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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20
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Harmens H, Hayes F, Sharps K, Radbourne A, Mills G. Can Reduced Irrigation Mitigate Ozone Impacts on an Ozone-Sensitive African Wheat Variety? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E220. [PMID: 31336902 PMCID: PMC6681504 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution is known to adversely affect the production of O3-sensitive crops such as wheat. The magnitude of impact is dependent on the accumulated stomatal flux of O3 into the leaves. In well-irrigated plants, the leaf pores (stomata) tend to be wide open, which stimulates the stomatal flux and therefore the adverse impact of O3 on yield. To test whether reduced irrigation might mitigate O3 impacts on flag leaf photosynthesis and yield parameters, we exposed an O3-sensitive Kenyan wheat variety to peak concentrations of 30 and 80 ppb O3 for four weeks in solardomes and applied three irrigation regimes (well-watered, frequent deficit, and infrequent deficit irrigation) during the flowering and grain filling stage. Reduced irrigation stimulated 1000-grain weight and harvest index by 33% and 13%, respectively (when O3 treatments were pooled), which compensated for the O3-induced reductions observed in well-watered plants. Whilst full irrigation accelerated the O3-induced reduction in photosynthesis by a week, such an effect was not observed for the chlorophyll content index of the flag leaf. Further studies under field conditions are required to test whether reduced irrigation can be applied as a management tool to mitigate adverse impacts of O3 on wheat yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Harmens
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Felicity Hayes
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Katrina Sharps
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Alan Radbourne
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Gina Mills
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
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21
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Wu Y, Du T, Yuan Y, Shukla MK. Stable isotope measurements show increases in corn water use efficiency under deficit irrigation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14113. [PMID: 30237577 PMCID: PMC6148072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficit irrigation has usually improved crop water use efficiency (WUE), but there are still gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms. Four irrigation treatments were a conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), border irrigation (BI), alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), and an AFI(M/2) (the amount of irrigation was 50% of the AFI). The volume of irrigation water applied were nearly the same for CFI, BI, and AFI. The isotope (δ18O and δD) method was used to quantify corn root water uptake (RWU) during 2013-2014. Compared to CFI and BI, corn yield and WUE were 17.0-30.2% and 13.3-33.8% higher in AFI, respectively. No significant yield reduction were observed between AFI and AFI(M/2). Corn RWU was more from deeper soil with increasing growth stage for AFI(M/2), AFI, and CFI, but from shallower depth for BI. The depth for RWU varied in the order of AFI(M/2) > AFI > CFI > BI. The maximum root density was in the depth of 40-80 cm at the growing stage in AFI, and 4-26% more water was extracted from the wetter and deeper root zones. The WUE increased under deficit irrigation, and stimulated the root growth with attendant decreases in water loss to deep percolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjie Wu
- College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Taisheng Du
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yusen Yuan
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Manoj K Shukla
- Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
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22
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Gu J, Li Z, Mao Y, Struik PC, Zhang H, Liu L, Wang Z, Yang J. Roles of nitrogen and cytokinin signals in root and shoot communications in maximizing of plant productivity and their agronomic applications. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:320-331. [PMID: 30080619 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential, often limiting, factor in plant growth and development. To regulate growth under limited nitrogen supply, plants sense the internal and external nitrogen status, and coordinate various metabolic processes and developmental programs accordingly. This coordination requires the transmission of various signaling molecules that move across the entire plant. Cytokinins, phytohormones derived from adenine and synthesized in various parts of the plant, are considered major local and long-distance messengers. Cytokinin metabolism and signaling are closely associated with nitrogen availability. They are systemically transported via the vasculature from plant roots to shoots, and vice versa, thereby coordinating shoot and root development. Tight linkage exists between the nitrogen signaling network and cytokinins during diverse developmental and physiological processes. However, the cytokinin-nitrogen interactions and the communication systems involved in sensing rhizospheric nitrogen status and in regulating canopy development remain obscure. We review current knowledge on cytokinin biosynthesis, transport and signaling, nitrogen acquisition, metabolism and signaling, and their interactive roles in regulating root-shoot morphological and physiological characteristics. We also discuss the role of spatio-temporal regulation of cytokinins in enhancing beneficial crop traits of yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiqi Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Science, Wageningen University, PO Box 430, Wageningen, 6700 AK, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Zhong C, Cao X, Bai Z, Zhang J, Zhu L, Huang J, Jin Q. Nitrogen metabolism correlates with the acclimation of photosynthesis to short-term water stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 125:52-62. [PMID: 29413631 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen metabolism is as sensitive to water stress as photosynthesis, but its role in plant under soil drying is not well understood. We hypothesized that the alterations in N metabolism could be related to the acclimation of photosynthesis to water stress. The features of photosynthesis and N metabolism in a japonica rice 'Jiayou 5' and an indica rice 'Zhongzheyou 1' were investigated under mild and moderate soil drying with a pot experiment. Soil drying increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and reduced photon quantum efficiency of PSII and CO2 fixation in 'Zhongzheyou 1', whereas the effect was much slighter in 'Jiayou 5'. Nevertheless, the photosynthetic rate of the two cultivars showed no significant difference between control and water stress. Soil drying increased nitrate reducing in leaves of 'Zhongzheyou 1', characterized by enhanced nitrate reductase (NR) activity and lowered nitrate content; whereas glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were relative slightly affected. 'Jiayou 5' plants increased the accumulation of nitrate under soil drying, although its NR activity was increased. In addition, the activities of GDH, GOT and GPT were typically increased under soil drying. Besides, amino acids and soluble sugar were significantly increased under mild and moderate soil drying, respectively. The accumulation of nitrate, amino acid and sugar could serve as osmotica in 'Jiayou 5'. The results reveal that N metabolism plays diverse roles in the photosynthetic acclimation of rice plants to soil drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Crop Physiology and Production Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 420007, China
| | - Xiaochuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhigang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- Crop Physiology and Production Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 420007, China
| | - Qianyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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24
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Jovanovic Z, Stikic R. Partial Root-Zone Drying Technique: from Water Saving to the Improvement of a Fruit Quality. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2017.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Marino G, Brunetti C, Tattini M, Romano A, Biasioli F, Tognetti R, Loreto F, Ferrini F, Centritto M. Dissecting the role of isoprene and stress-related hormones (ABA and ethylene) in Populus nigra exposed to unequal root zone water stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:1637-1647. [PMID: 28981861 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is synthesized through the 2-C-methylerythritol-5-phosphate (MEP) pathway that also produces abscisic acid (ABA). Increases in foliar free ABA concentration during drought induce stomatal closure and may also alter ethylene biosynthesis. We hypothesized a role of isoprene biosynthesis in protecting plants challenged by increasing water deficit, by influencing ABA production and ethylene evolution. We performed a split-root experiment on Populus nigra L. subjected to three water treatments: well-watered (WW) plants with both root sectors kept at pot capacity, plants with both root compartments allowed to dry for 5 days (DD) and plants with one-half of the roots irrigated to pot capacity, while the other half did not receive water (WD). WD and WW plants were similar in photosynthesis, water relations, foliar ABA concentration and isoprene emission, whereas these parameters were significantly affected in DD plants: leaf isoprene emission increased despite the fact that photosynthesis declined by 85% and the ABA-glucoside/free ABA ratio decreased significantly. Enhanced isoprene biosynthesis in water-stressed poplars may have contributed to sustaining leaf ABA biosynthesis by keeping the MEP pathway active. However, this enhancement in ABA was accompanied by no change in ethylene biosynthesis, likely confirming the antagonistic role between ABA and ethylene. These results may indicate a potential cross-talk among isoprene, ABA and ethylene under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marino
- Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Firenze Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Andrea Romano
- Dipartimento Qualità Alimentare e Nutrizione, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Dipartimento Qualità Alimentare e Nutrizione, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Firenze Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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26
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Eapen D, Martínez-Guadarrama J, Hernández-Bruno O, Flores L, Nieto-Sotelo J, Cassab GI. Synergy between root hydrotropic response and root biomass in maize (Zea mays L.) enhances drought avoidance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 265:87-99. [PMID: 29223345 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Roots of higher plants change their growth direction in response to moisture, avoiding drought and gaining maximum advantage for development. This response is termed hydrotropism. There have been few studies of root hydrotropism in grasses, particularly in maize. Our goal was to test whether an enhanced hydrotropic response of maize roots correlates with a better adaptation to drought and partial/lateral irrigation in field studies. We developed a laboratory bioassay for testing hydrotropic response in primary roots of 47 maize elite DTMA (Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa) hybrids. After phenotyping these hybrids in the laboratory, selected lines were tested in the field. Three robust and three weak hybrids were evaluated employing three irrigation procedures: normal irrigation, partial lateral irrigation and drought. Hybrids with a robust hydrotropic response showed growth and developmental patterns, under drought and partial lateral irrigation, that differed from weak hydrotropic responders. A correlation between root crown biomass and grain yield in hybrids with robust hydrotropic response was detected. Hybrids with robust hydrotropic response showed earlier female flowering whereas several root system traits, such as projected root area, median width, maximum width, skeleton width, skeleton nodes, average tip diameter, rooting depth skeleton, thinner aboveground crown roots, as well as stem diameter, were considerably higher than in weak hydrotropic responders in the three irrigation procedures utilized. These results demonstrate the benefit of intensive phenotyping of hydrotropism in primary roots since maize plants that display a robust hydrotropic response grew better under drought and partial lateral irrigation, indicating that a selection for robust hydrotropism might be a promising breeding strategy to improve drought avoidance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfeena Eapen
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Martínez-Guadarrama
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210, Mexico
| | - Oralia Hernández-Bruno
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Flores
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210, Mexico
| | - Jorge Nieto-Sotelo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Zona Deportiva s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico
| | - Gladys I Cassab
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210, Mexico.
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27
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Xu Y, Burgess P, Huang B. Transcriptional regulation of hormone-synthesis and signaling pathways by overexpressing cytokinin-synthesis contributes to improved drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:235-256. [PMID: 28543596 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate transcriptomic changes and molecular factors regulated by cytokinins that may contribute to improved drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) overexpressing adenine isopentenyltransferase (ipt). Wild-type (WT) and ipt-transgenic plants were maintained well irrigated or exposed to 21 days of drought stress in growth chambers. Transcriptomic analysis conducted by RNA-seq revealed 661 and 648 upregulated and 764 and 862 downregulated drought-responsive genes (DRGs) in the WT and ipt-transgenic plants, respectively, under drought stress using adjusted P-value of 0.001 and log2 fold change. Gene ontology (GO) term classification showed that a greater number of DRGs were found in ipt-transgenic plants than in WT plants pertaining to biological functions including metabolic process, cellular process, cell structure and growth, macromolecular complex, and binding and catalytic activity, whereas fewer DRGs were found in ipt-transgenic plants than in WT plants pertaining to response to stimulus and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, plant hormone signal transduction pathway analysis revealed three downregulated transcripts [type B - Arabidopsis response regulators (B-ARR), ABA-responsive element binding factor (ABF) and pyrabactin resistance/like (PYR/PYL)] and two upregulated transcripts (BIN2 and JAZ) that were significantly differentiated between ipt-transgenic and WT plants under drought stress, which are particularly interesting for further investigation of molecular mechanisms of hormone-regulation of drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Rutgers University, Department of Plant Biology, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Patrick Burgess
- Rutgers University, Department of Plant Biology, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Bingru Huang
- Rutgers University, Department of Plant Biology, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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28
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Zhong C, Cao X, Hu J, Zhu L, Zhang J, Huang J, Jin Q. Nitrogen Metabolism in Adaptation of Photosynthesis to Water Stress in Rice Grown under Different Nitrogen Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1079. [PMID: 28690622 PMCID: PMC5481364 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of nitrogen (N) metabolism in the adaptation of photosynthesis to water stress in rice, a hydroponic experiment supplying with low N (0.72 mM), moderate N (2.86 mM), and high N (7.15 mM) followed by 150 g⋅L-1 PEG-6000 induced water stress was conducted in a rainout shelter. Water stress induced stomatal limitation to photosynthesis at low N, but no significant effect was observed at moderate and high N. Non-photochemical quenching was higher at moderate and high N. In contrast, relative excessive energy at PSII level (EXC) was declined with increasing N level. Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents were in parallel with EXC. Water stress decreased catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities at low N, resulting in increased H2O2 content and severer membrane lipid peroxidation; whereas the activities of antioxidative enzymes were increased at high N. In accordance with photosynthetic rate and antioxidative enzymes, water stress decreased the activities of key enzymes involving in N metabolism such as glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase, and photorespiratory key enzyme glycolate oxidase at low N. Concurrently, water stress increased nitrate content significantly at low N, but decreased nitrate content at moderate and high N. Contrary to nitrate, water stress increased proline content at moderate and high N. Our results suggest that N metabolism appears to be associated with the tolerance of photosynthesis to water stress in rice via affecting CO2 diffusion, antioxidant capacity, and osmotic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
- Crop Physiology and Production Center, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuang Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- Crop Physiology and Production Center, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Qianyu Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
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29
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Abstract
This review deals with the adaptive mechanisms that plants can implement to cope with the challenge of salt stress. Plants tolerant to NaCl implement a series of adaptations to acclimate to salinity, including morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. These changes include increases in the root/canopy ratio and in the chlorophyll content in addition to changes in the leaf anatomy that ultimately lead to preventing leaf ion toxicity, thus maintaining the water status in order to limit water loss and protect the photosynthesis process. Furthermore, we deal with the effect of salt stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence and some of the mechanisms thought to protect the photosynthetic machinery, including the xanthophyll cycle, photorespiration pathway, and water-water cycle. Finally, we also provide an updated discussion on salt-induced oxidative stress at the subcellular level and its effect on the antioxidant machinery in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plants. The aim is to extend our understanding of how salinity may affect the physiological characteristics of plants.
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30
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Fanourakis D, Bouranis D, Giday H, Carvalho DRA, Rezaei Nejad A, Ottosen CO. Improving stomatal functioning at elevated growth air humidity: A review. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 207:51-60. [PMID: 27792901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants grown at high relative air humidity (RH≥85%) are prone to lethal wilting upon transfer to conditions of high evaporative demand. The reduced survival of these plants is related to (i) increased cuticular permeability, (ii) changed anatomical features (i.e., longer pore length and higher stomatal density), (iii) reduced rehydration ability, (iv) impaired water potential sensitivity to leaf dehydration and, most importantly, (v) compromised stomatal closing ability. This review presents a critical analysis of the strategies which stimulate stomatal functioning during plant development at high RH. These include (a) breeding for tolerant cultivars, (b) interventions with respect to the belowground environment (i.e., water deficit, increased salinity, nutrient culture and grafting) as well as (c) manipulation of the aerial environment [i.e., increased proportion of blue light, increased air movement, temporal temperature rise, and spraying with abscisic acid (ABA)]. Root hypoxia, mechanical disturbance, as well as spraying with compounds mimicking ABA, lessening its inactivation or stimulating its within-leaf redistribution are also expected to improve stomatal functioning of leaves expanded in humid air. Available evidence leaves little doubt that genotypic and phenotypic differences in stomatal functioning following cultivation at high RH are realized through the intermediacy of ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Fanourakis
- School of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, GR 71004 Heraklio, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Bouranis
- Plant Physiology and Morphology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Habtamu Giday
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dália R A Carvalho
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, P.O. Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Carl-Otto Ottosen
- Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark
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31
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Boyle RKA, McAinsh M, Dodd IC. Daily irrigation attenuates xylem abscisic acid concentration and increases leaf water potential of Pelargonium × hortorum compared with infrequent irrigation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:23-33. [PMID: 26910008 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The physiological response of plants to different irrigation frequencies may affect plant growth and water use efficiency (WUE; defined as shoot biomass/cumulative irrigation). Glasshouse-grown, containerized Pelargonium × hortorum BullsEye plants were irrigated either daily at 100% of plant evapotranspiration (ET) (well-watered; WW), or at 50% ET applied either daily [frequent deficit irrigation (FDI)] or cumulatively every 4 days [infrequent deficit irrigation (IDI)], for 24 days. Both FDI and IDI applied the same irrigation volume. Xylem sap was collected from the leaves, and stomatal conductance (gs ) and leaf water potential (Ψleaf ) measured every 2 days. As soil moisture decreased, gs decreased similarly under both FDI and IDI throughout the experiment. Ψleaf was maintained under IDI and increased under FDI. Leaf xylem abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations ([X-ABA]leaf ) increased as soil moisture decreased under both IDI and FDI, and was strongly correlated with decreased gs , but [X-ABA]leaf was attenuated under FDI throughout the experiment (at the same level of soil moisture as IDI plants). These physiological changes corresponded with differences in plant production. Both FDI and IDI decreased growth compared with WW plants, and by the end of the experiment, FDI plants also had a greater shoot fresh weight (18%) than IDI plants. Although both IDI and FDI had higher WUE than WW plants during the first 10 days of the experiment (when biomass did not differ between treatments), the deficit irrigation treatments had lower WUE than WW plants in the latter stages when growth was limited. Thus, ABA-induced stomatal closure may not always translate to increased WUE (at the whole plant level) if vegetative growth shows a similar sensitivity to soil drying, and growers must adapt their irrigation scheduling according to crop requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K A Boyle
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Martin McAinsh
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Ian C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK
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32
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Howell KR, Shrestha P, Dodd IC. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation maintained rice yields despite half the irrigation volume, but is currently unlikely to be adopted by smallholder lowland rice farmers in Nepal. Food Energy Secur 2015; 4:144-157. [PMID: 27610231 PMCID: PMC4998133 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation can save water while maintaining rice yields, but in some countries its adoption by farmers remains limited. Key knowledge gaps include the effect of AWD on early vegetative vigor and its relationship with yield; the effects of AWD on yield and water use efficiency of local cultivars used by smallholder farmers; and the socio‐economic factors influencing current irrigation scheduling. To address these questions, an on‐farm field trial of dry‐season (chaite) rice, comparing two locally important cultivars (Hardinath‐1 and CH‐45) under AWD imposed from 1 week after transplanting to flowering and continuous flooding (CF), was carried out in Agyauli in the central Terai region of Nepal, and triangulated with social research methods exploring the rationale for current irrigation scheduling and perceptions of AWD. Although AWD plots received on average 57% less irrigation water than CF plots, yields did not significantly differ between irrigation treatments, indicating that AWD could considerably enhance crop water use efficiency in this region. In the earlier flowering, more vigorous CH‐45, there were no treatment differences in any yield component while in the later flowering Hardinath‐1, an 11% decrease in filled grain number was compensated by a 14% increase in the percentage of effective tillers per hill. Although leaf elongation rate on the main tiller did not differ between treatments, tillering and green fraction (a measure of canopy closure) were significantly higher under AWD. Surveys established that most local farmers are already using a local adaptation of AWD to modify irrigation volumes, in some cases in response to a limited and unreliable water supply. However, farmers have few direct incentives to reduce overall water use under current water governance, and formal AWD practices are therefore unlikely to be adopted despite their viability as a water‐saving irrigation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pitambar Shrestha
- Local Initiatives for Biodiversity Research and Development (LIBIRD) PO Box 324 Pokhara Nepal
| | - Ian C Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
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