1
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Zang J, Yao X, Zhang T, Yang B, Wang Z, Quan S, Zhang Z, Liu J, Chen H, Zhang X, Hou Y. Excess iron accumulation affects maize endosperm development by inhibiting starch synthesis and inducing DNA damage. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31427. [PMID: 39239803 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) storage in cereal seeds is the principal source of dietary Fe for humans. In maize (Zea mays), the accumulation of Fe in seeds is known to be negatively correlated with crop yield. Hence, it is essential to understand the underlying mechanism, which is crucial for developing and breeding maize cultivars with high yields and high Fe concentrations in the kernels. Here, through the successful application of in vitro kernel culture, we demonstrated that excess Fe supply in the medium caused the kernel to become collapsed and lighter in color, consistent with those found in yellow strip like 2 (ysl2, a small kernel mutant), implicated a crucial role of Fe concentration in kernel development. Indeed, over-accumulation of Fe in endosperm inhibited the abundance and activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and the kernel development defect was alleviated by overexpression of Briittle 2 (Bt2, encoding a small subunit of AGPase) in ysl2 mutant. Imaging and quantitative analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death showed that Fe stress-induced ROS burst and severe DNA damage in endosperm cells. In addition, we have successfully identified candidate genes that are associated with iron homeostasis within the kernel, as well as upstream transcription factors that regulate ZmYSL2 by yeast one-hybrid screening. Collectively, our study will provide insights into the molecular mechanism of Fe accumulation-regulated seed development and promote the future efficient application of Fe element in corn improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuxuan Quan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaogui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huabang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yifeng Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong, China
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2
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Gao F, Li M, Dubos C. bHLH121 and clade IVc bHLH transcription factors synergistically function to regulate iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2933-2950. [PMID: 38441949 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, an intricate regulatory network involving several basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors controls the homeostasis of iron. Among these transcription factors, bHLH121 plays a crucial role. bHLH121 interacts in vivo with clade IVc bHLH transcription factors and activates the expression of FIT and clade Ib bHLH transcription factors to stimulate the uptake of iron. How bHLH121 and clade IVc bHLH transcription factors function collectively and efficiently to maintain iron homeostasis is still unclear. Herein, we found that double loss-of-function mutants involving bhlh121 and one of the clade IVc bHLH transcription factors displayed more severe iron deficiency-associated growth defects than each of the single mutants. We also found that among the four clade IVc bHLH transcription factors, only bHLH34 and bHLH105 could partially complement the iron-associated growth defects of bhlh121 when overexpressed. These data, together with protein localization analysis, support that bHLH121 and clade IVc bHLH transcription factors act synergistically to regulate iron homeostasis and that different bHLH121/clade IVc and clade IVc/clade IVc protein complexes are involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Meijie Li
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Dubos
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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Lei P, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Jiang M, Ji X, Ma L, Jin G, Li J, Zhang S, Kong D, Zhao X, Meng F. Functions of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) Proteins in the Regulation of Plant Responses to Cold, Drought, Salt, and Iron Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10692-10709. [PMID: 38712500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses including cold, drought, salt, and iron deficiency severely impair plant development, crop productivity, and geographic distribution. Several bodies of research have shed light on the pleiotropic functions of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX (bHLH) proteins in plant responses to these abiotic stresses. In this review, we mention the regulatory roles of bHLH TFs in response to stresses such as cold, drought, salt resistance, and iron deficiency, as well as in enhancing grain yield in plants, especially crops. The bHLH proteins bind to E/G-box motifs in the target promoter and interact with various other factors to form a complex regulatory network. Through this network, they cooperatively activate or repress the transcription of downstream genes, thereby regulating various stress responses. Finally, we present some perspectives for future research focusing on the molecular mechanisms that integrate and coordinate these abiotic stresses. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for the development of stress-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yaxuan Jiang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137099, China
| | - Mingquan Jiang
- Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ximei Ji
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Le Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangze Jin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Subin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Fanjuan Meng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Liu XJ, Liu X, Zhao Q, Dong YH, Liu Q, Xue Y, Yao YX, You CX, Kang H, Wang XF. Calmodulin-like protein MdCML15 interacts with MdBT2 to modulate iron homeostasis in apple. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae081. [PMID: 38766530 PMCID: PMC11101318 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BTB and TAZ domain proteins (BTs) function as specialized adaptors facilitating substrate recognition of the CUL3-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL3) complex that targets proteins for ubiquitination in reaction to diverse pressures. Nonetheless, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which the apple scaffold protein MdBT2 responds to external and internal signals is limited. Here we demonstrate that a putative Ca 2+ sensor, calmodulin-like 15 (MdCML15), acts as an upstream regulator of MdBT2 to negatively modulate its functions in plasma membrane H+-ATPase regulation and iron deficiency tolerance. MdCML15 was identified to be substantially linked to MdBT2, and to result in the ubiquitination and degradation of the MdBT2 target protein MdbHLH104. Consequently, MdCML15 repressed the MdbHLH104 target, MdAHA8's expression, reducing levels of a specific membrane H+-ATPase. Finally, the phenotype of transgenic apple plantlets and calli demonstrated that MdCML15 modulates membrane H+-ATPase-produced rhizosphere pH lowering alongside iron homeostasis through an MdCML15-MdBT2-MdbHLH104-MdAHA8 pathway. Our results provide new insights into the relationship between Ca2+ signaling and iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qiangbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yu-Xin Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Kang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Green Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
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5
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Qi Y, Lu C, Pang C, Huang Y, Yu Y, Yang H, Dong CH, Yu Y. The Arabidopsis RTH plays an important role in regulation of iron (Fe) absorption and transport. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:133. [PMID: 38687356 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE RTH may activate Fe assimilation related genes to promote Fe absorption, transport and accumulation in Arabidopsis. Iron (Fe) is an important nutrient element. The Fe absorption and transport in plants are well investigated over the past decade. Our previous work indicated that RTE1-HOMOLOG (RTH), the homologous gene of reversion-to-ethylene sensitivity 1 (RTE1), plays a role in ethylene signaling pathway. However, its function in Fe absorption and transport is largely unknown. In the present study, we found that RTH was expressed in absorptive tissue and conducting tissue, including root hairs, root vascular bundle, and leaf veins. Under high Fe concentration, the seedling growth of rth-1 mutant was better, while the RTH overexpression lines were retarded compared to the wild type (Col-0). When treated with EDTA-Fe3+ (400 μM), the chlorophyll content and ion leakage rate were higher and lower in rth-1 than those of Col-0, respectively. By contrast, the chlorophyll contents and ion leakage rates of RTH overexpression lines were decreased and hastened compared with Col-0, respectively. Fe measurement indicated that the Fe contents of rth-1 were lower than those of Col-0, whereas those of RTH overexpression lines were comparably higher. Gene expression analysis revealed that Fe absorption and transport genes AHA2, IRT1, FIT, FPN1, and YSL1 decreased in rth-1 but increased in RTH overexpression lines compared with Col-0. Additionally, Y2H (yeast two-hybrid) and BiFC (bimolecular fluorescence complementation) assays showed that RTH can physically interact with hemoglobin 1 (HB1) and HB2. All these findings suggest that RTH may play an important role in regulation of Fe absorption, transport, and accumulation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Cuijing Pang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Youju Huang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hongbing Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chun-Hai Dong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanchong Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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6
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Trofimov K, Gratz R, Ivanov R, Stahl Y, Bauer P, Brumbarova T. FER-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor (FIT) accumulates in nuclear condensates. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311048. [PMID: 38393070 PMCID: PMC10890924 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The functional importance of nuclear protein condensation remains often unclear. The bHLH FER-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor (FIT) controls iron acquisition and growth in plants. Previously described C-terminal serine residues allow FIT to interact and form active transcription factor complexes with subgroup Ib bHLH factors such as bHLH039. FIT has lower nuclear mobility than mutant FITmSS271AA. Here, we show that FIT undergoes a light-inducible subnuclear partitioning into FIT nuclear bodies (NBs). Using quantitative and qualitative microscopy-based approaches, we characterized FIT NBs as condensates that were reversible and likely formed by liquid-liquid phase separation. FIT accumulated preferentially in NBs versus nucleoplasm when engaged in protein complexes with itself and with bHLH039. FITmSS271AA, instead, localized to NBs with different dynamics. FIT colocalized with splicing and light signaling NB markers. The NB-inducing light conditions were linked with active FIT and elevated FIT target gene expression in roots. FIT condensation may affect nuclear mobility and be relevant for integrating environmental and Fe nutrition signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Trofimov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Regina Gratz
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yvonne Stahl
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tzvetina Brumbarova
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Kohlhase DR, O’Rourke JA, Graham MA. GmGLU1 and GmRR4 contribute to iron deficiency tolerance in soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1295952. [PMID: 38476685 PMCID: PMC10927968 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1295952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is a form of abiotic stress that negatively impacts soybean yield. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the historical IDC quantitative trait locus (QTL) on soybean chromosome Gm03 was composed of four distinct linkage blocks, each containing candidate genes for IDC tolerance. Here, we take advantage of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to validate the function of three high-priority candidate genes, each corresponding to a different linkage block in the Gm03 IDC QTL. We built three single-gene constructs to target GmGLU1 (GLUTAMATE SYNTHASE 1, Glyma.03G128300), GmRR4 (RESPONSE REGULATOR 4, Glyma.03G130000), and GmbHLH38 (beta Helix Loop Helix 38, Glyma.03G130400 and Glyma.03G130600). Given the polygenic nature of the iron stress tolerance trait, we also silenced the genes in combination. We built two constructs targeting GmRR4+GmGLU1 and GmbHLH38+GmGLU1. All constructs were tested on the iron-efficient soybean genotype Clark grown in iron-sufficient conditions. We observed significant decreases in soil plant analysis development (SPAD) measurements using the GmGLU1 construct and both double constructs, with potential additive effects in the GmRR4+GmGLU1 construct. Whole genome expression analyses (RNA-seq) revealed a wide range of affected processes including known iron stress responses, defense and hormone signaling, photosynthesis, and cell wall structure. These findings highlight the importance of GmGLU1 in soybean iron stress responses and provide evidence that IDC is truly a polygenic trait, with multiple genes within the QTL contributing to IDC tolerance. Finally, we conducted BLAST analyses to demonstrate that the Gm03 IDC QTL is syntenic across a broad range of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie A. O’Rourke
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit and Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Michelle A. Graham
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit and Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Zhang M, Gao JY, Dong SC, Chang MH, Zhu JX, Guo DL, Guo CH, Bi YD. Alfalfa MsbHLH115 confers tolerance to cadmium stress through activating the iron deficiency response in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1358673. [PMID: 38410731 PMCID: PMC10894947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1358673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution severely affects plant growth and development, posing risks to human health throughout the food chain. Improved iron (Fe) nutrients could mitigate Cd toxicity in plants, but the regulatory network involving Cd and Fe interplay remains unresolved. Here, a transcription factor gene of alfalfa, MsbHLH115 was verified to respond to iron deficiency and Cd stress. Overexpression of MsbHLH115 enhanced tolerance to Cd stress, showing better growth and less ROS accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of MsbHLH115 significantly enhanced Fe and Zn accumulation and did not affect Cd, Mn, and Cu concentration in Arabidopsis. Further investigations revealed that MsbHLH115 up-regulated iron homeostasis regulation genes, ROS-related genes, and metal chelation and detoxification genes, contributing to attenuating Cd toxicity. Y1H, EMSA, and LUC assays confirmed the physical interaction between MsbHLH115 and E-box, which is present in the promoter regions of most of the above-mentioned iron homeostasis regulatory genes. The transient expression experiment showed that MsbHLH115 interacted with MsbHLH121pro. The results suggest that MsbHLH115 may directly regulate the iron-deficiency response system and indirectly regulate the metal detoxification response mechanism, thereby enhancing plant Cd tolerance. In summary, enhancing iron accumulation through transcription factor regulation holds promise for improving plant tolerance to Cd toxicity, and MsbHLH115 is a potential candidate for addressing Cd toxicity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing-Yun Gao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Shi-Chen Dong
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng-Han Chang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Zhu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Dong-Lin Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang-Hong Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying-Dong Bi
- Institute of Crops Tillage and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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9
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Ito M, Tajima Y, Ogawa-Ohnishi M, Nishida H, Nosaki S, Noda M, Sotta N, Kawade K, Kamiya T, Fujiwara T, Matsubayashi Y, Suzaki T. IMA peptides regulate root nodulation and nitrogen homeostasis by providing iron according to internal nitrogen status. Nat Commun 2024; 15:733. [PMID: 38286991 PMCID: PMC10825120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Legumes control root nodule symbiosis (RNS) in response to environmental nitrogen availability. Despite the recent understanding of the molecular basis of external nitrate-mediated control of RNS, it remains mostly elusive how plants regulate physiological processes depending on internal nitrogen status. In addition, iron (Fe) acts as an essential element that enables symbiotic nitrogen fixation; however, the mechanism of Fe accumulation in nodules is poorly understood. Here, we focus on the transcriptome in response to internal nitrogen status during RNS in Lotus japonicus and identify that IRON MAN (IMA) peptide genes are expressed during symbiotic nitrogen fixation. We show that LjIMA1 and LjIMA2 expressed in the shoot and root play systemic and local roles in concentrating internal Fe to the nodule. Furthermore, IMA peptides have conserved roles in regulating nitrogen homeostasis by adjusting nitrogen-Fe balance in L. japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana. These findings indicate that IMA-mediated Fe provision plays an essential role in regulating nitrogen-related physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoyo Ito
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuri Tajima
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Rhelixa Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Ogawa-Ohnishi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hanna Nishida
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shohei Nosaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Momona Noda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sotta
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawade
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama-city, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Matsubayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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10
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Zhang Z, Cheng J, Wang W, Gao Y, Xian X, Li C, Wang Y. Transcription factors dealing with Iron-deficiency stress in plants: focus on the bHLH transcription factor family. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14091. [PMID: 38148182 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe), as an important micronutrient element necessary for plant growth and development, not only participates in multiple physiological and biochemical reactions in cells but also exerts a crucial role in respiration and photosynthetic electron transport. Since Fe is mainly present in the soil in the form of iron hydroxide, Fe deficiency exists universally in plants and has become an important factor triggering crop yield reduction and quality decline. It has been shown that transcription factors (TFs), as an important part of plant signaling pathways, not only coordinate the internal signals of different interaction partners during plant development, but also participate in plant responses to biological and abiotic stresses, such as Fe deficiency stress. Here, the role of bHLH transcription factors in the regulation of Fe homeostasis (mainly Fe uptake) is discussed with emphasis on the functions of MYB, WRKY and other TFs in the maintenance of Fe homeostasis. This review provides a theoretical basis for further studies on the regulation of TFs in Fe deficiency stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiao Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wanxia Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanlong Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xulin Xian
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cailong Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanxiu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Wang R, Fei Y, Pan Y, Zhou P, Adegoke JO, Shen R, Lan P. IMA peptides function in iron homeostasis and cadmium resistance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111868. [PMID: 37722507 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe), an essential micronutrient, participates in photosynthesis, respiration, and many other enzymatic reactions. Cadmium (Cd), by contrast, is a toxic element to virtually all living organisms. Both Fe deficiency and Cd toxicity severally impair crop growth and productivity, finally leading to human health issues. Understanding how plants control the uptake and homeostasis of Fe and combat Cd toxicity thus is mandatory to develop Fe-enriched but Cd-cleaned germplasms for human beings. Recent studies in Arabidopsis and rice have revealed that IRON MAN (IMA) peptides stand out as a key regulator to respond to Fe deficiency by competitively interacting with a ubiquitin E3 ligase, thus inhibiting the degradation of IVc subgroup bHLH transcription factors (TFs), mediated by 26 S proteasome. Elevated expression of IMA confers tolerance to Cd stress in both Arabidopsis and wheat by activating the iron deficiency response. Here, we discuss recent breakthroughs that IMA peptides function in the Fe-deficiency response to attain Fe homeostasis and combat Cd toxicity as a potential candidate for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuchen Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yilin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peijun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Julius Oluwaseun Adegoke
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renfang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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12
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Li X, Cao H, Yu D, Xu K, Zhang Y, Shangguan X, Zheng X, Yang Z, Li C, Pan X, Cui Y, Zhang Z, Han M, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Guo H, Zhao J, Li L, Li C. SlbHLH152, a bHLH transcription factor positively regulates iron homeostasis in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111821. [PMID: 37558055 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The maintain of iron (Fe) homeostasis is essential for plant survival. In tomato, few transcription factors have been identified as regulators of Fe homeostasis, among which SlbHLH068 induced by iron deficiency, plays an important role. However, the upstream regulator(s) responsible for activating the expression of SlbHLH068 remain(s) unknown. In this study, the bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor SlbHLH152 was identified as an upstream regulator of SlbHLH068 using yeast one-hybrid screening. Deletion of SlbHLH152 led to a significant decline in Fe concentration, which was accompanied by reduced expression of Fe-deficiency-responsive genes. In contrast, SlbHLH152 overexpression plants displayed tolerance to iron deficiency, increased Fe accumulation, and elevated expression of Fe-deficiency-responsive genes. Further analysis indicated that SlbHLH152 directly activates the transcription of SlbHLH068. Taken together, our results suggest that SlbHLH152 may be involved in the regulation of iron homeostasis by directly activating the transcription of SlbHLH068 in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Haohao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Deshui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Kedong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Xinxin Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Chaoqiong Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Xingchen Pan
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Yiming Cui
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Mengru Han
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Qimeng Sun
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Zhoukou 466001, China; College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China.
| | - Chengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Zhoukou 466001, China; College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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13
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Yang Q, Wang T, Cao J, Wang HL, Tan S, Zhang Y, Park S, Park H, Woo HR, Li X, Xia X, Guo H, Li Z. Histone variant HTB4 delays leaf senescence by epigenetic control of Ib bHLH transcription factor-mediated iron homeostasis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:694-709. [PMID: 37265004 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an orderly process regulated by multiple internal factors and diverse environmental stresses including nutrient deficiency. Histone variants are involved in regulating plant growth and development. However, their functions and underlying regulatory mechanisms in leaf senescence remain largely unclear. Here, we found that H2B histone variant HTB4 functions as a negative regulator of leaf senescence. Loss of function of HTB4 led to early leaf senescence phenotypes that were rescued by functional complementation. RNA-seq analysis revealed that several Ib subgroup basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) involved in iron (Fe) homeostasis, including bHLH038, bHLH039, bHLH100, and bHLH101, were suppressed in the htb4 mutant, thereby compromising the expressions of FERRIC REDUCTION OXIDASE 2 (FRO2) and IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER (IRT1), two important components of the Fe uptake machinery. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that HTB4 could bind to the promoter regions of Ib bHLH TFs and enhance their expression by promoting the enrichment of the active mark H3K4me3 near their transcriptional start sites. Moreover, overexpression of Ib bHLH TFs or IRT1 suppressed the premature senescence phenotype of the htb4 mutant. Our work established a signaling pathway, HTB4-bHLH TFs-FRO2/IRT1-Fe homeostasis, which regulates the onset and progression of leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuya Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Sanghoon Park
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Park
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Woo
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea
- New Biology Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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14
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Spielmann J, Fanara S, Cotelle V, Vert G. Multilayered regulation of iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250588. [PMID: 37841618 PMCID: PMC10570522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development due to its role in crucial processes such as photosynthesis and modulation of the redox state as an electron donor. While Fe is one of the five most abundant metals in the Earth's crust, it is poorly accessible to plants in alkaline soils due to the formation of insoluble complexes. To limit Fe deficiency symptoms, plant have developed a highly sophisticated regulation network including Fe sensing, transcriptional regulation of Fe-deficiency responsive genes, and post-translational modifications of Fe transporters. In this mini-review, we detail how plants perceive intracellular Fe status and how they regulate transporters involved in Fe uptake through a complex cascade of transcription factors. We also describe the current knowledge about intracellular trafficking, including secretion to the plasma membrane, endocytosis, recycling, and degradation of the two main Fe transporters, IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1 (IRT1) and NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN 1 (NRAMP1). Regulation of these transporters by their non-Fe substrates is discussed in relation to their functional role to avoid accumulation of these toxic metals during Fe limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Spielmann
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Steven Fanara
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Valérie Cotelle
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Grégory Vert
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
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15
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Zhu H, Han G, Wang J, Xu J, Hong Y, Huang L, Zheng S, Yang J, Chen W. CG hypermethylation of the bHLH39 promoter regulates its expression and Fe deficiency responses in tomato roots. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad104. [PMID: 37577397 PMCID: PMC10419876 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for all organisms, including plants, whose limited bioavailability restricts plant growth, yield, and nutritional quality. While the transcriptional regulation of plant responses to Fe deficiency have been extensively studied, the contribution of epigenetic modulations, such as DNA methylation, remains poorly understood. Here, we report that treatment with a DNA methylase inhibitor repressed Fe deficiency-induced responses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) roots, suggesting the importance of DNA methylation in regulating Fe deficiency responses. Dynamic changes in the DNA methylome in tomato roots responding to short-term (12 hours) and long-term (72 hours) Fe deficiency identified many differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and DMR-associated genes. Most DMRs occurred at CHH sites under short-term Fe deficiency, whereas they were predominant at CG sites following long-term Fe deficiency. Furthermore, no correlation was detected between the changes in DNA methylation levels and the changes in transcript levels of the affected genes under either short-term or long-term treatments. Notably, one exception was CG hypermethylation at the bHLH39 promoter, which was positively correlated with its transcriptional induction. In agreement, we detected lower CG methylation at the bHLH39 promoter and lower bHLH39 expression in MET1-RNA interference lines compared with wild-type seedlings. Virus-induced gene silencing of bHLH39 and luciferase reporter assays revealed that bHLH39 is positively involved in the modulation of Fe homeostasis. Altogether, we propose that dynamic epigenetic DNA methylation in the CG context at the bHLH39 promoter is involved in its transcriptional regulation, thus contributing to the Fe deficiency response of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guanghao Han
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shaojian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Quan X, Meng C, Zhang N, Liang X, Li J, Li H, He W. Genome-Wide Analysis of Barley bHLH Transcription Factors and the Functional Characterization of HvbHLH56 in Low Nitrogen Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119740. [PMID: 37298691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of low nitrogen (LN) tolerance or nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops is imperative for environment-friendly agriculture development. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are involved in multiple abiotic stresses and are suitable as candidate genes for improving LN tolerance. Few studies were performed on the characterization of the HvbHLH gene family and their function in response to LN stress in barley. In this study, 103 HvbHLH genes were identified through genome-wide analysis. HvbHLH proteins were classified into 20 subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis in barley, which was supported by conserved motifs and gene structure analysis. The stress-related cis-element analysis in the promoters showed that HvbHLHs are probably involved in multiple stress responses. By phylogenetic analysis of HvbHLHs and bHLHs in other plants, some HvbHLHs were predicted to play roles in response to nutrition deficiency stress. Furthermore, at least 16 HvbHLHs were differentially expressed in two barley genotypes differing in LN tolerance under LN stress. Finally, overexpression of HvbHLH56 enhanced LN stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis, suggesting it is an important regulator in LN stress response. The differentially expressed HvbHLHs identified herein may be valuable for the breeding of barley cultivars with LN tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Quan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Chen Meng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jialin Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Wenxing He
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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Mankotia S, Singh D, Monika K, Kalra M, Meena H, Meena V, Yadav RK, Pandey AK, Satbhai SB. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 regulates BRUTUS and affects iron acquisition and homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1267-1284. [PMID: 36920240 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for both plants and animals. Fe-limitation significantly reduces crop yield and adversely impacts on human nutrition. Owing to limited bioavailability of Fe in soil, plants have adapted different strategies that not only regulate Fe-uptake and homeostasis but also bring modifications in root system architecture to enhance survival. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the root growth responses will have critical implications for plant breeding. Fe-uptake is regulated by a cascade of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) in plants. In this study, we report that HY5 (Elongated Hypocotyl 5), a member of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family of TFs, plays an important role in the Fe-deficiency signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. The hy5 mutant failed to mount optimum Fe-deficiency responses, and displayed root growth defects under Fe-limitation. Our analysis revealed that the induction of the genes involved in Fe-uptake pathway (FIT-FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, FRO2-FERRIC REDUCTION OXIDASE 2 and IRT1-IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1) is reduced in the hy5 mutant as compared with the wild-type plants under Fe-deficiency. Moreover, we also found that the expression of coumarin biosynthesis genes is affected in the hy5 mutant under Fe-deficiency. Our results also showed that HY5 negatively regulates BRUTUS (BTS) and POPEYE (PYE). Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed direct binding of HY5 to the promoters of BTS, FRO2 and PYE. Altogether, our results showed that HY5 plays an important role in the regulation of Fe-deficiency responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriti Mankotia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Dhriti Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Kumari Monika
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Muskan Kalra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Himani Meena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Varsha Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, 140306, India
| | - Ram Kishor Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, 140306, India
| | - Santosh B Satbhai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
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18
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Li J, Nie K, Wang L, Zhao Y, Qu M, Yang D, Guan X. The Molecular Mechanism of GhbHLH121 in Response to Iron Deficiency in Cotton Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1955. [PMID: 37653872 PMCID: PMC10224022 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency caused by high pH of saline-alkali soil is a major source of abiotic stress affecting plant growth. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the iron deficiency response in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impacts of iron deficiency at the cotton seedling stage and elucidated the corresponding molecular regulation network, which centered on a hub gene GhbHLH121. Iron deficiency induced the expression of genes with roles in the response to iron deficiency, especially GhbHLH121. The suppression of GhbHLH121 with virus-induced gene silence technology reduced seedlings' tolerance to iron deficiency, with low photosynthetic efficiency and severe damage to the structure of the chloroplast. Contrarily, ectopic expression of GhbHLH121 in Arabidopsis enhanced tolerance to iron deficiency. Further analysis of protein/protein interactions revealed that GhbHLH121 can interact with GhbHLH IVc and GhPYE. In addition, GhbHLH121 can directly activate the expression of GhbHLH38, GhFIT, and GhPYE independent of GhbHLH IVc. All told, GhbHLH121 is a positive regulator of the response to iron deficiency in cotton, directly regulating iron uptake as the upstream gene of GhFIT. Our results provide insight into the complex network of the iron deficiency response in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center (the Ministry of Education), College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300058, China; (K.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ke Nie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300058, China; (K.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yongyou Industry Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300058, China; (K.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yongyou Industry Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Yongyan Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300058, China; (K.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Mingnan Qu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China;
| | - Donglei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center (the Ministry of Education), College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Xueying Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center (the Ministry of Education), College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300058, China; (K.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yongyou Industry Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya 572000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China;
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19
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Molnár Z, Solomon W, Mutum L, Janda T. Understanding the Mechanisms of Fe Deficiency in the Rhizosphere to Promote Plant Resilience. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1945. [PMID: 37653862 PMCID: PMC10224236 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most significant constraints on agricultural productivity is the low availability of iron (Fe) in soil, which is directly related to biological, physical, and chemical activities in the rhizosphere. The rhizosphere has a high iron requirement due to plant absorption and microorganism density. Plant roots and microbes in the rhizosphere play a significant role in promoting plant iron (Fe) uptake, which impacts plant development and physiology by influencing nutritional, biochemical, and soil components. The concentration of iron accessible to these live organisms in most cultivated soil is quite low due to its solubility being limited by stable oxyhydroxide, hydroxide, and oxides. The dissolution and solubility rates of iron are also significantly affected by soil pH, microbial population, organic matter content, redox processes, and particle size of the soil. In Fe-limiting situations, plants and soil microbes have used active strategies such as acidification, chelation, and reduction, which have an important role to play in enhancing soil iron availability to plants. In response to iron deficiency, plant and soil organisms produce organic (carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, phytosiderophores, microbial siderophores, and phenolics) and inorganic (protons) chemicals in the rhizosphere to improve the solubility of poorly accessible Fe pools. The investigation of iron-mediated associations among plants and microorganisms influences plant development and health, providing a distinctive prospect to further our understanding of rhizosphere ecology and iron dynamics. This review clarifies current knowledge of the intricate dynamics of iron with the end goal of presenting an overview of the rhizosphere mechanisms that are involved in the uptake of iron by plants and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Plant Sciences, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Mosonmagyaróvár, Széchenyi István University, H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Wogene Solomon
- Department of Plant Sciences, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Mosonmagyaróvár, Széchenyi István University, H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Lamnganbi Mutum
- Department of Plant Sciences, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Mosonmagyaróvár, Széchenyi István University, H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
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20
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Tabata R. Regulation of the iron-deficiency response by IMA/FEP peptide. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1107405. [PMID: 37180394 PMCID: PMC10167411 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1107405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, participating in many significant biological processes including photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen fixation. Although abundant in the earth's crust, most Fe is oxidized and difficult for plants to absorb under aerobic and alkaline pH conditions. Plants, therefore, have evolved complex means to optimize their Fe-acquisition efficiency. In the past two decades, regulatory networks of transcription factors and ubiquitin ligases have proven to be essential for plant Fe uptake and translocation. Recent studies in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) suggest that in addition to the transcriptional network, IRON MAN/FE-UPTAKE-INDUCING PEPTIDE (IMA/FEP) peptide interacts with a ubiquitin ligase, BRUTUS (BTS)/BTS-LIKE (BTSL). Under Fe-deficient conditions, IMA/FEP peptides compete with IVc subgroup bHLH transcription factors (TFs) to interact with BTS/BTSL. The resulting complex inhibits the degradation of these TFs by BTS/BTSL, which is important for maintaining the Fe-deficiency response in roots. Furthermore, IMA/FEP peptides control systemic Fe signaling. By organ-to-organ communication in Arabidopsis, Fe deficiency in one part of a root drives the upregulation of a high-affinity Fe-uptake system in other root regions surrounded by sufficient levels of Fe. IMA/FEP peptides regulate this compensatory response through Fe-deficiency-triggered organ-to-organ communication. This mini-review summarizes recent advances in understanding how IMA/FEP peptides function in the intracellular signaling of the Fe-deficiency response and systemic Fe signaling to regulate Fe acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tabata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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21
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Pu MN, Liang G. The transcription factor POPEYE negatively regulates the expression of bHLH Ib genes to maintain iron homeostasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2754-2767. [PMID: 36787175 PMCID: PMC10797486 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential trace element for plants. When suffering from Fe deficiency, plants modulate the expression of Fe deficiency-responsive genes to promote Fe uptake. POPEYE (PYE) is a key bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor involved in Fe homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanism of PYE regulating the Fe deficiency response remains elusive in Arabidopsis. We found that the overexpression of PYE attenuates the expression of Fe deficiency-responsive genes. PYE directly represses the transcription of bHLH Ib genes (bHLH38, bHLH39, bHLH100, and bHLH101) by associating with their promoters. Although PYE contains an ethylene response factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, it does not interact with the transcriptional co-repressors TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPRs). Sub-cellular localization analysis indicated that PYE localizes in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. PYE contains a nuclear export signal (NES) which is required for the cytoplasmic localization of PYE. Mutation of the NES amplifies the repression function of PYE, resulting in down-regulation of Fe deficiency-responsive genes. Co-expression assays indicated that three bHLH IVc members (bHLH104, bHLH105/ILR3, and bHLH115) facilitate the nuclear accumulation of PYE. Conversely, PYE indirectly represses the transcription activation ability of bHLH IVc. Additionally, PYE directly negatively regulates its own transcription. This study provides new insights into the Fe deficiency response signalling pathway and enhances the understanding of PYE functions in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Na Pu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Lu CK, Liang G. Fe deficiency-induced ethylene synthesis confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1843-1855. [PMID: 36440498 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although iron (Fe) deficiency is an adverse condition to growth and development of plants, it increases the resistance to pathogens. How Fe deficiency induces the resistance to pathogens is still unclear. Here, we reveal that the inoculation of Botrytis cinerea activates the Fe deficiency response of plants, which further induces ethylene synthesis and then resistance to B. cinerea. FIT and bHLH Ib are a pair of bHLH transcription factors, which control the Fe deficiency response. Both the Fe deficiency-induced ethylene synthesis and resistance are blocked in fit-2 and bhlh4x-1 (a quadruple mutant for four bHLH Ib members). SAM1 and SAM2, two ethylene synthesis-associated genes, are induced by Fe deficiency in a FIT-bHLH Ib-dependent manner. Moreover, SAM1 and SAM2 are required for the increased ethylene and resistance to B. cinerea under Fe-deficient conditions. Our findings suggest that the FIT-bHLH Ib module activates the expression of SAM1 and SAM2, thereby inducing ethylene synthesis and resistance to B. cinerea. This study uncovers that Fe signaling also functions as a part of the plant immune system against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Kai Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Gang Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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23
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Singh G, Ambreen H, Jain P, Chakraborty A, Singh B, Manivannan A, Bhatia S. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolite profiling reveals genotype-specific responses to Fe starvation in chickpea. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13897. [PMID: 36960640 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a major nutritional stress that severely impacts crop productivity worldwide. However, molecular intricacies and subsequent physiological and metabolic changes in response to Fe starvation, especially in leguminous crops like chickpea, remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated physiological, transcriptional, and metabolic reprogramming in two chickpea genotypes (H6013 and L4958) with contrasting seed iron concentrations upon Fe deficiency. Our findings revealed that iron starvation affected growth and physiological parameters of both chickpea genotypes. Comparative transcriptome analysis led to the identification of differentially expressed genes between the genotypes related to strategy I uptake, metal ions transporters, reactive oxygen species-associated genes, transcription factors, and protein kinases that could mitigate Fe deficiency. Our gene correlation network discovered several putative candidate genes like CIPK25, CKX3, WRKY50, NAC29, MYB4, and PAP18, which could facilitate the investigation of the molecular rationale underlying Fe tolerance in chickpea. Furthermore, the metabolite analysis also illustrated the differential accumulation of organic acids, amino acids and other metabolites associated with Fe mobilization in chickpea genotypes. Overall, our study demonstrated the comparative transcriptional dynamics upon Fe starvation. The outcomes of the current endeavor will enable the development of Fe deficiency tolerant chickpea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Heena Ambreen
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Baljinder Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Abinaya Manivannan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sabhyata Bhatia
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India
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24
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Li M, Watanabe S, Gao F, Dubos C. Iron Nutrition in Plants: Towards a New Paradigm? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:384. [PMID: 36679097 PMCID: PMC9862363 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. Fe availability affects crops' productivity and the quality of their derived products and thus human nutrition. Fe is poorly available for plant use since it is mostly present in soils in the form of insoluble oxides/hydroxides, especially at neutral to alkaline pH. How plants cope with low-Fe conditions and acquire Fe from soil has been investigated for decades. Pioneering work highlighted that plants have evolved two different strategies to mine Fe from soils, the so-called Strategy I (Fe reduction strategy) and Strategy II (Fe chelation strategy). Strategy I is employed by non-grass species whereas graminaceous plants utilize Strategy II. Recently, it has emerged that these two strategies are not fully exclusive and that the mechanism used by plants for Fe uptake is directly shaped by the characteristics of the soil on which they grow (e.g., pH, oxygen concentration). In this review, recent findings on plant Fe uptake and the regulation of this process will be summarized and their impact on our understanding of plant Fe nutrition will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Li
- IPSiM, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Shunsuke Watanabe
- IPSiM, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Fei Gao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Christian Dubos
- IPSiM, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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25
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Pagani MA, Gomez-Casati DF. Advances in Iron Retrograde Signaling Mechanisms and Uptake Regulation in Photosynthetic Organisms. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2665:121-145. [PMID: 37166598 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3183-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential metal for the growth and development of different organisms, including plants and algae. This metal participates in different biological processes, among which are cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Fe is found associated with heme groups and as part of inorganic Fe-S groups as cofactors of numerous cellular proteins. Although Fe is abundant in soils, it is often not bioavailable due to soil pH. For this reason, photosynthetic organisms have developed different strategies for the uptake, the sensing of Fe intracellular levels but also different mechanisms that maintain and regulate adequate concentrations of this metal in response to physiological needs. This work focuses on discussing recent advances in the characterization of the mechanisms of Fe homeostasis and Fe retrograde signaling in photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Pagani
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Diego F Gomez-Casati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
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26
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Wang W, Shinwari KI, Zhang H, Zhang H, Dong L, He F, Zheng L. The bHLH Transcription Factor OsbHLH057 Regulates Iron Homeostasis in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314869. [PMID: 36499202 PMCID: PMC9739582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factors precisely regulate the expression of Fe uptake and translocation genes to control iron (Fe) homeostasis, as both Fe deficiency and toxicity impair plant growth and development. In rice, three clade IVc bHLH transcription factors have been characterised as positively regulating Fe-deficiency response genes. However, the function of OsbHLH057, another clade IVc bHLH transcription factor, in regulating Fe homeostasis is unknown. Here, we report that OsbHLH057 is involved in regulating Fe homeostasis in rice. OsbHLH057 was highly expressed in the leaf blades and lowly expressed in the roots; it was mainly expressed in the stele and highly expressed in the lateral roots. In addition, OsbHLH057 was slightly induced by Fe deficiency in the shoots on the first day but was not affected by Fe availability in the roots. OsbHLH057 localised in the nucleus exhibited transcriptional activation activity. Under Fe-sufficient conditions, OsbHLH057 knockout or overexpression lines increased or decreased the shoot Fe concentration and the expression of several Fe homeostasis-related genes, respectively. Under Fe-deficient conditions, plants with an OsbHLH057 mutation showed susceptibility to Fe deficiency and accumulated lower Fe concentrations in the shoot compared with the wild type. Unexpectedly, the OsbHLH057-overexpressing lines had reduced tolerance to Fe deficiency. These results indicate that OsbHLH057 plays a positive role in regulating Fe homeostasis, at least under Fe-sufficient conditions.
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27
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Okada S, Lei GJ, Yamaji N, Huang S, Ma JF, Mochida K, Hirayama T. FE UPTAKE-INDUCING PEPTIDE1 maintains Fe translocation by controlling Fe deficiency response genes in the vascular tissue of Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3322-3337. [PMID: 35993196 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
FE UPTAKE-INDUCING PEPTIDE1 (FEP1), also named IRON MAN3 (IMA3) is a short peptide involved in the iron deficiency response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Recent studies uncovered its molecular function, but its physiological function in the systemic Fe response is not fully understood. To explore the physiological function of FEP1 in iron homoeostasis, we performed a transcriptome analysis using the FEP1 loss-of-function mutant fep1-1 and a transgenic line with oestrogen-inducible expression of FEP1. We determined that FEP1 specifically regulates several iron deficiency-responsive genes, indicating that FEP1 participates in iron translocation rather than iron uptake in roots. The iron concentration in xylem sap under iron-deficient conditions was lower in the fep1-1 mutant and higher in FEP1-induced transgenic plants compared with the wild type (WT). Perls staining revealed a greater accumulation of iron in the cortex of fep1-1 roots than in the WT root cortex, although total iron levels in roots were comparable in the two genotypes. Moreover, the fep1-1 mutation partially suppressed the iron overaccumulation phenotype in the leaves of the oligopeptide transporter3-2 (opt3-2) mutant. These data suggest that FEP1 plays a pivotal role in iron movement and in maintaining the iron quota in vascular tissues in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okada
- Group of Environmental Stress Response Systems, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Gui J Lei
- Group of Plant Stress Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Group of Plant Stress Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sheng Huang
- Group of Plant Stress Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jian F Ma
- Group of Plant Stress Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Crop Design Research Team, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirayama
- Group of Environmental Stress Response Systems, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Crop Design Research Team, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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28
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Muhammad D, Clark NM, Haque S, Williams CM, Sozzani R, Long TA. POPEYE intercellular localization mediates cell-specific iron deficiency responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2017-2032. [PMID: 35920794 PMCID: PMC9614487 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants must tightly regulate iron (Fe) sensing, acquisition, transport, mobilization, and storage to ensure sufficient levels of this essential micronutrient. POPEYE (PYE) is an iron responsive transcription factor that positively regulates the iron deficiency response, while also repressing genes essential for maintaining iron homeostasis. However, little is known about how PYE plays such contradictory roles. Under iron-deficient conditions, pPYE:GFP accumulates in the root pericycle while pPYE:PYE-GFP is localized to the nucleus in all Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root cells, suggesting that PYE may have cell-specific dynamics and functions. Using scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and cell-specific promoters, we found that PYE-GFP moves between different cells and that the tendency for movement corresponds with transcript abundance. While localization to the cortex, endodermis, and vasculature is required to manage changes in iron availability, vasculature and endodermis localization of PYE-GFP protein exacerbated pye-1 defects and elicited a host of transcriptional changes that are detrimental to iron mobilization. Our findings indicate that PYE acts as a positive regulator of iron deficiency response by regulating iron bioavailability differentially across cells, which may trigger iron uptake from the surrounding rhizosphere and impact root energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- DurreShahwar Muhammad
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Natalie M Clark
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Biomathematics Graduate Program, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Samiul Haque
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Cranos M Williams
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Biomathematics Graduate Program, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Terri A Long
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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29
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Schulten A, Pietzenuk B, Quintana J, Scholle M, Feil R, Krause M, Romera-Branchat M, Wahl V, Severing E, Coupland G, Krämer U. Energy status-promoted growth and development of Arabidopsis require copper deficiency response transcriptional regulator SPL7. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3873-3898. [PMID: 35866980 PMCID: PMC9516184 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a cofactor of around 300 Arabidopsis proteins, including photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transfer chain enzymes critical for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and carbon fixation. Plant acclimation to Cu deficiency requires the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 (SPL7). We report that in the wild type (WT) and in the spl7-1 mutant, respiratory electron flux via Cu-dependent cytochrome c oxidase is unaffected under both normal and low-Cu cultivation conditions. Supplementing Cu-deficient medium with exogenous sugar stimulated growth of the WT, but not of spl7 mutants. Instead, these mutants accumulated carbohydrates, including the signaling sugar trehalose 6-phosphate, as well as ATP and NADH, even under normal Cu supply and without sugar supplementation. Delayed spl7-1 development was in agreement with its attenuated sugar responsiveness. Functional TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN and SNF1-RELATED KINASE1 signaling in spl7-1 argued against fundamental defects in these energy-signaling hubs. Sequencing of chromatin immunoprecipitates combined with transcriptome profiling identified direct targets of SPL7-mediated positive regulation, including Fe SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE1 (FSD1), COPPER-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CITF1), and the uncharacterized bHLH23 (CITF2), as well as an enriched upstream GTACTRC motif. In summary, transducing energy availability into growth and reproductive development requires the function of SPL7. Our results could help increase crop yields, especially on Cu-deficient soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Björn Pietzenuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Marleen Scholle
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Marcus Krause
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Vanessa Wahl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Edouard Severing
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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30
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Liang G. Iron uptake, signaling, and sensing in plants. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100349. [PMID: 35706354 PMCID: PMC9483112 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient that affects the growth and development of plants because it participates as a cofactor in numerous physiological and biochemical reactions. As a transition metal, Fe is redox active. Fe often exists in soil in the form of insoluble ferric hydroxides that are not bioavailable to plants. Plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to ensure an adequate supply of Fe in a fluctuating environment. Plants can sense Fe status and modulate the transcription of Fe uptake-associated genes, finally controlling Fe uptake from soil to root. There is a critical need to understand the molecular mechanisms by which plants maintain Fe homeostasis in response to Fe fluctuations. This review focuses on recent advances in elucidating the functions of Fe signaling components. Taking Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa as examples, this review begins by discussing the Fe acquisition systems that control Fe uptake from soil, the major components that regulate Fe uptake systems, and the perception of Fe status. Future explorations of Fe signal transduction will pave the way for understanding the regulatory mechanisms that underlie the maintenance of plant Fe homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
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31
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Li W, Han X, Lan P. Emerging roles of protein phosphorylation in plant iron homeostasis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:908-921. [PMID: 35414480 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in dissecting the molecular mechanisms involved in iron (Fe) homeostasis in plants, especially the identification of key transporter and transcriptional regulatory networks. But how the protein activity of these master players is regulated by Fe status remains underexplored. Recent studies show that major players toggle switch their properties by protein phosphorylation under different Fe conditions and consequently control the signaling cascade and metabolic adjustment. Moreover, Fe deficiency causes changes of multiple kinases and phosphatases. Here, we discuss how these findings highlight the emergence of the protein phosphorylation-dependent regulation for rapid and precise responses to Fe status to attain Fe homeostasis. Further studies will be needed to fully understand the regulation of these intricate networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiuwen Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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García MJ, Angulo M, Romera FJ, Lucena C, Pérez-Vicente R. A shoot derived long distance iron signal may act upstream of the IMA peptides in the regulation of Fe deficiency responses in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:971773. [PMID: 36105702 PMCID: PMC9465050 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.971773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
When plants suffer from Fe deficiency, they develop morphological and physiological responses, mainly in their roots, aimed to facilitate Fe mobilization and uptake. Once Fe has been acquired in sufficient quantity, the responses need to be switched off to avoid Fe toxicity and to conserve energy. Several hormones and signaling molecules, such as ethylene, auxin and nitric oxide, have been involved in the activation of Fe deficiency responses in Strategy I plants. These hormones and signaling molecules have almost no effect when applied to plants grown under Fe-sufficient conditions, which suggests the existence of a repressive signal related to the internal Fe content. The nature of this repressive signal is not known yet many experimental results suggest that is not related to the whole root Fe content but to some kind of Fe compound moving from leaves to roots through the phloem. After that, this signal has been named LOng-Distance Iron Signal (LODIS). Very recently, a novel family of small peptides, "IRON MAN" (IMA), has been identified as key components of the induction of Fe deficiency responses. However, the relationship between LODIS and IMA peptides is not known. The main objective of this work has been to clarify the relationship between both signals. For this, we have used Arabidopsis wild type (WT) Columbia and two of its mutants, opt3 and frd3, affected, either directly or indirectly, in the transport of Fe (LODIS) through the phloem. Both mutants present constitutive activation of Fe acquisition genes when grown in a Fe-sufficient medium despite the high accumulation of Fe in their roots. Arabidopsis WT Columbia plants and both mutants were treated with foliar application of Fe, and later on the expression of IMA and Fe acquisition genes was analyzed. The results obtained suggest that LODIS may act upstream of IMA peptides in the regulation of Fe deficiency responses in roots. The possible regulation of IMA peptides by ethylene has also been studied. Results obtained with ethylene precursors and inhibitors, and occurrence of ethylene-responsive cis-acting elements in the promoters of IMA genes, suggest that IMA peptides could also be regulated by ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José García
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Macarena Angulo
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Romera
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Zhang L, Chen W, Liu R, Shi B, Shu Y, Zhang H. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of bHLH gene family in physic nut ( Jatropha curcas L.). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13786. [PMID: 35966923 PMCID: PMC9373979 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factor perform essential roles in plant development and abiotic stress. Here, a total of 122 bHLH family members were identified from the physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) genomic database. Chromosomal localization results showed that 120 members were located on 11 chromosomes. The phylogenetic tree manifested that the JcbHLHs could be grouped into 28 subfamilies. Syntenic analysis showed that there were 10 bHLH collinear genes among the physic nut, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. These genes, except JcbHLH84, were highly expressed in various tissues of the physic nut, implying a key role in plant development. Gene expression profiles showed that ten genes (especially JcbHLH33, JcbHLH45 and JcbHLH55) correspond to both salinity and drought stresses; while eight genes only respond to salinity and another eight genes only respond to drought stress. Moreover, the protein interaction network revealed that the JcbHLHs are involved in growth, development and stress signal transduction pathways. These discoveries will help to excavate several key genes may involve in salt or drought stresses and seed development, elucidate the complex transcriptional regulation mechanism of JcbHLH genes and provide the theoretical basis for stress response and genetic improvement of physic nut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ben Shi
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Youju Shu
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
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Li C, Cai X, Shen Q, Chen X, Xu M, Ye T, Si D, Wu L, Chen D, Han Z, Si J. Genome-wide analysis of basic helix-loop-helix genes in Dendrobium catenatum and functional characterization of DcMYC2 in jasmonate-mediated immunity to Sclerotium delphinii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:956210. [PMID: 35982703 PMCID: PMC9378844 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.956210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium catenatum, belonging to the Orchidaceae, is a precious Chinese herbal medicine. Sclerotium delphinii (P1) is a broad-spectrum fungal disease, which causes widespread loss in the near-wild cultivation of D. catenatum. Thus, resistance breeding of D. catenatum has become the key to solve this problem. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene family is closely related to plant resistance to external stresses, but the related research in D. catenatum is not deep enough yet. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 108 DcbHLH genes could be divided into 23 subgroups. Promoter cis-acting elements revealed that DcbHLHs contain a large number of stress-related cis-acting elements. Transcriptome analysis of MeJA and P1 treatment manifested that exogenous MeJA can change the expression pattern of most bHLH genes, especially the IIIe subgroup, including inhibiting the expression of DcbHLH026 (MYC2a) and promoting the expression of DcbHLH027 (MYC2b). Subcellular localization indicated that they were located in the nucleus. Furthermore, exogenous MeJA treatment significantly delayed disease time and reduced lesion size after infection with P1. DcMYC2b-overexpression Arabidopsis lines showed significantly smaller lesions after being infected with P1 than the wild type, indicating that DcMYC2b functions as an important positive regulator in D. catenatum defense against P1. Our findings shed more insights into the critical role of the DcbHLH family in plants and the resistance breeding of D. catenatum.
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Li C, Li Y, Xu P, Liang G. OsIRO3 negatively regulates Fe homeostasis by repressing the expression of OsIRO2. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:966-978. [PMID: 35689518 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is crucial for crop productivity and quality. However, Fe deficiency is prevalent worldwide, particularly in alkaline soil. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to withstand Fe-deficient conditions. Oryza sativa IRON-RELATED BHLH TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3 (OsIRO3/OsbHLH63) has been identified as a negative regulator of Fe deficiency response signaling; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we constructed two iro3 mutants, which developed leaves with necrotic lesions under Fe-deficient conditions. Loss-of-function of OsIRO3 caused upregulation of Fe deficiency-associated genes in the root. Fe concentration measurements showed that the iro3 mutants had increased shoot Fe concentration only under Fe-deficient conditions. Further analysis revealed that OsIRO3 directly regulated the expression of IRON-RELATED BHLH TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2 (OsIRO2), which encodes a positive regulator of the Fe uptake system. Further investigation demonstrated that OsIRO3 interacted with POSITIVE REGULATOR OF IRON HOMEOSTASIS 1(OsPRI1) and OsPRI2, and. OsIRO3 repressed their transcription activation towards OsIRO2. OsIRO3 contains an EAR motif, which recruits the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (OsTPL/OsTPRs) corepressors. Mutation of the EAR motif attenuated the repression ability of OsIRO3. This work sheds light on the molecular mechanism by which OsIRO3 modulates Fe homeostasis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, The Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, The Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, The Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gang Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, The Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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36
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Fu D, Li J, Yang X, Li W, Zhou Z, Xiao S, Xue C. Iron redistribution induces oxidative burst and resistance in maize against Curvularia lunata. PLANTA 2022; 256:46. [PMID: 35867182 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ΔClnps6 induced iron redistribution in maize B73 leaf cells and resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst to enhance plant resistance against Curvularia lunata. Iron is an indispensable co-factor of various crucial enzymes that are involved in cellular metabolic processes and energy metabolism in eukaryotes. For this reason, plants and pathogens compete for iron to maintain their iron homeostasis, respectively. In our previous study, ΔClnps6, the extracellular siderophore biosynthesis deletion mutant of Curvularia lunata, was sensitive to exogenous hydrogen peroxide and virulence reduction. However, the mechanism was not studied. Here, we report that maize B73 displayed highly resistance to ΔClnps6. The plants recruited more iron at cell wall appositions (CWAs) to cause ROS bursts. Intracellular iron deficiency induced by iron redistribution originated form up-regulated expression of genes involved in intracellular iron consumption in leaves and absorption in roots. The RNA-sequencing data also showed that the expression of respiratory burst oxidase homologue (ZmRBOH4) and NADP-dependent malic enzyme 4 (ZmNADP-ME4) involved in ROS production was up-regulated in maize B73 after ΔClnps6 infection. Simultaneously, jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes lipoxygenase (ZmLOX), allene oxide synthase (ZmAOS), GA degradation gene gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase (ZmGA2OX6) and ABA degradation genes abscisic acid hydroxylase (ZmABH1, ZmABH2) involved in iron homeostasis were up-regulated expression. Ferritin1 (ZmFER1) positive regulated maize resistance against C. lunata via ROS burst under Fe-limiting conditions. Overall, our results showed that iron played vital roles in activating maize resistance in B73-C. lunata interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wenling Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zengran Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shuqin Xiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Chunsheng Xue
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Lichtblau DM, Schwarz B, Baby D, Endres C, Sieberg C, Bauer P. The Iron Deficiency-Regulated Small Protein Effector FEP3/IRON MAN1 Modulates Interaction of BRUTUS-LIKE1 With bHLH Subgroup IVc and POPEYE Transcription Factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:930049. [PMID: 35755670 PMCID: PMC9226616 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.930049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In light of climate change and human population growth one of the most challenging tasks is to generate plants that are Fe-efficient, resilient to low Fe supply and Fe-biofortified. For such endeavors, it is crucial to understand the regulation of Fe acquisition and allocation in plants. One open question is how identified Fe-regulatory proteins comprising positive and negative regulators act together to steer Fe homeostasis. bHLH transcription factors (TFs) belonging to the subgroups IVb and IVc can initiate a bHLH cascade controlling the -Fe response in roots. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the -Fe-induced genes are sub-divided into several gene co-expression clusters controlled by different sets of TFs. Some of the co-expressed genes encode regulatory E3 ligase proteins BRUTUS (BTS)/BTS-LIKE (BTSL) and small proteins belonging to the group of FE UPTAKE-INDUCING PEPTIDE/IRON MAN (FEP/IMA). Recently, it was described that FEP1/IMA3 and FEP3/IMA1 proteins inhibit the repression of bHLH factors by BTS. We had postulated that -Fe-regulated co-expression clusters provide new information about regulatory protein interaction complexes. Here, we report a targeted yeast two-hybrid screen among 23 proteins of the -Fe response. This identified a novel protein interactome involving another E3 ligase, namely BTSL1, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein POPEYE (PYE) and transcription factors of the subgroup IVc as well as FEP3/IMA1. Because of the difficulty in stable BTSL1 protein expression in plant cells, we used a yeast two hybrid-based deletion mapping, homology modeling and molecular docking, to pinpoint interaction sites in BTSL1 and FEP3/IMA1. bHLH IVc TFs have similar residues at their C-terminus as FEP3/IMA1 interacting sites. FEP3/IMA1 attenuated interaction of BTSL1 and bHLH proteins in a yeast three-hybrid assay, in line with physiological data pointing to enhanced Fe acquisition and allocation in FEP3/IMA1 overexpression and btsl1 btsl2 mutant plants. Hence, exploiting -Fe-induced gene co-expression networks identified FEP3/IMA1 as a small effector protein that binds and inhibits the BTSL1 complex with PYE and bHLH subgroup IVc proteins. Structural analysis resolved interaction sites. This information helps improving models of Fe regulation and identifying novel targets for breeding of Fe-efficient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birte Schwarz
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dibin Baby
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher Endres
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christin Sieberg
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Du Q, Lv W, Guo Y, Yang J, Wang S, Li WX. MIR164b represses iron uptake by regulating the NAC domain transcription factor5-Nuclear Factor Y, Subunit A8 module in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1095-1109. [PMID: 35285505 PMCID: PMC9157116 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings have revealed the important roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the secondary responses to oxidative damage caused by iron (Fe) excess. However, the functional importance of miRNAs in plant responses to Fe deficiency remains to be explored. Here, we show that the expression level of miR164 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots was repressed by Fe deficiency. Primary root length, lateral root number, ferric reductase activity, and mRNA abundance of IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 (IRT1) and FERRIC REDUCTION OXIDASE2 (FRO2) were higher in the mir164b mutant than in the wild-type (WT) under Fe-deficient conditions. Analysis of the Fe concentrations and ferric reductase activities in the roots of miR164 knockdown transgenic plants showed that members of the miR164 family had different functions in Fe-deficiency responses. Promoter::GUS analysis showed that NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) domain transcription factor5 (NAC5) is regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels under Fe-deficient conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing NAC5 were more tolerant of Fe deficiency than the WT. NAC5 has transactivation activity and directly transactivates the expression of Nuclear Factor Y, Subunit A8 (NFYA8), as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Like overexpression of NAC5, overexpression of NFYA8 increases primary root length, lateral root number, ferric reductase activity, and mRNA abundance of IRT1 and FRO2 under Fe-deficient conditions. Thus, MIR164b is important for Fe-deficiency responses by its regulation of the NAC5-NFYA8 module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenshuai Lv
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Juan Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shanhong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wen-Xue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Zhu H, Wang J, Jiang D, Hong Y, Xu J, Zheng S, Yang J, Chen W. The miR157-SPL-CNR module acts upstream of bHLH101 to negatively regulate iron deficiency responses in tomato. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1059-1075. [PMID: 35297168 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) homeostasis is critical for plant growth, development, and stress responses. Fe levels are tightly controlled by intricate regulatory networks in which transcription factors (TFs) play a central role. A series of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs have been shown to contribute to Fe homeostasis, but the regulatory layers beyond bHLH TFs remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) TF SlSPL-CNR negatively regulates Fe-deficiency responses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) roots. Fe deficiency rapidly repressed the expression of SlSPL-CNR, and Fe deficiency responses were intensified in two clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-generated SlSPL-CNR knock-out lines compared to the wild-type. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 47 Fe deficiency-responsive genes the expression of which is negatively regulated by SlSPL-CNR, one of which, SlbHLH101, helps regulate Fe uptake genes. SlSPL-CNR localizes the nucleus and interacts with the GTAC and BOX 4 (ATTAAT) motifs in the SlbHLH101 promoter to repress its expression. Inhibition of SlSPL-CNR expression in response to Fe deficiency was well correlated with the expression of the microRNA SlymiR157. SlymiR157-overexpressing tomato lines displayed enhanced Fe deficiency responses, as did SlSPL-CNR loss-of-function mutants. We propose that the SlymiR157-SlSPL-CNR module represents a novel pathway that acts upstream of SlbHLH101 to regulate Fe homeostasis in tomato roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shaojian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
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40
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Kumar A, Kaur G, Singh P, Meena V, Sharma S, Tiwari M, Bauer P, Pandey AK. Strategies and Bottlenecks in Hexaploid Wheat to Mobilize Soil Iron to Grains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:863849. [PMID: 35574143 PMCID: PMC9100831 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.863849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge of iron (Fe) uptake and mobilization in plants is mainly based on Arabidopsis and rice. Although multiple players of Fe homeostasis have been elucidated, there is a significant gap in our understanding of crop species, such as wheat. It is, therefore, imperative not only to understand the different hurdles for Fe enrichment in tissues but also to address specifically the knowns/unknowns involved in the plausible mechanism of Fe sensing, signaling, transport, and subsequent storage in plants. In the present review, a unique perspective has been described in light of recent knowledge generated in wheat, an economically important crop. The strategies to boost efficient Fe uptake, transcriptional regulation, and long-distance mobilization in grains have been discussed, emphasizing recent biotechnological routes to load Fe in grains. This article also highlights the new elements of physiological and molecular genetics that underpin the mechanistic insight for the identified Fe-related genes and discusses the bottlenecks in unloading the Fe in grains. The information presented here will provide much-needed resources and directions to overcome challenges and design efficient strategies to enhance the Fe density in wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Gazaldeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Palvinder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Varsha Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Manish Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
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Du YC, Kong LJ, Cao LS, Zhang W, Zhu Q, Ma CY, Sun K, Dai CC. Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris Enhances Fe Absorption in Peanuts by Reducing Hydrogen Peroxide. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:872242. [PMID: 35574149 PMCID: PMC9100952 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency in alkaline calcium soil is a problem that needs to be solved urgently as Fe is an essential and commonly limiting nutrient for plants. Endophytic fungus, Phomopsis liquidambaris (P. liquidambaris), has been reported to promote Fe absorption in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Under prolonged Fe deficiency, an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) often triggers a series of signaling events and leads to the inhibition of Fe acquisition. The main purpose of this study was to explore whether and how the endophytic fungus P. liquidambaris promote Fe absorption in peanut through regulating H2O2 and assisting in resisting oxidative stress. In this study, we detected the Fe deficiency-induced transcription factor (FIT), Fe2+ transporter (IRT1), and ferric reduction oxidase 2 (FRO2) of peanuts, and confirmed that they were negatively related to Fe concentration. Similarly, FIT, IRT1, and FRO2 were also inhibited by H2O2. The addition of P. liquidambaris reduces H2O2 under Fe-deficiency with an increase in Fe content, while the exogenous addition of H2O2 further decreases it, and the addition of catalase (CAT) under Fe-deficiency reverses this phenomenon. Through transcriptome analysis, we proved that the expression of FIT, IRT1, FRO2 and CAT are consistent with our hypothesis, and P. liquidambaris has a stress-mitigating effect on peanuts mainly via CAT, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde. Our study proved the Fe-absorption promoting effect and stress mitigation effect of P. liquidambaris under Fe-deficiency in peanuts, and their combined usage may help peanuts grow better.
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Song H, Chen F, Wu X, Hu M, Geng Q, Ye M, Zhang C, Jiang L, Cao S. MNB1 gene is involved in regulating the iron-deficiency stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:151. [PMID: 35346040 PMCID: PMC8961904 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral element that involves in many biological processes important for most plants growth and development. Fe-deficiency induces a complex series of responses in plants, involving physiological and developmental changes, to increase Fe uptake from soil. However, the molecular mechanism involved in plant Fe-deficiency is not well understood. RESULTS Here, we found that the MNB1 (mannose-binding-lectin 1) gene is involved in the regulation of Fe-deficiency stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression abundance of MNB1 was inhibited by Fe-deficiency stress. Knockout of MNB1 led to enhanced Fe accumulation and tolerance, whereas the MNB1-overexpressing plants were sensitive to Fe-deficiency stress. Under conditions of normal and Fe-deficiency, lower H2O2 concentrations were detected in mnb1 mutant plants compared to wild type. On the contrary, higher H2O2 concentrations were found in MNB1-overexpressing plants, which was negatively correlated with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, in mnb1 mutants, the transcription level of the Fe uptake- and translocation-related genes, FIT, IRT1, FRO2, ZIF, FRD3, NAS4, PYE and MYB72, were considerably elevated during Fe-deficiency stress, resulting in enhanced Fe uptake and translocation, thereby increasing Fe accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings show that the MNB1 gene negatively controls the Fe-deficiency response in Arabidopsis via modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the ROS-mediated signaling pathway, thereby affecting the expression of Fe uptake- and translocation-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xi Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Min Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Qingliu Geng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Min Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Shuqing Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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Yao Z, Hao W, Wang Y, Chen Z, Cao S, Jiang L. Loss-of-function mutations in the ERF96 gene enhance iron-deficient tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 175:1-11. [PMID: 35158317 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. Here we provide evidence for a role of ERF96 in iron-deficiency response in Arabidopsis thaliana. The ERF96-loss-of-function mutants were found to be more tolerant to iron-deficiency stress than wild type (WT) and to have higher iron and chlorophyll content. Further studies showed that the transcriptional levels of iron-uptake related genes IRT1, FRO2, AHA2, FIT and bHLH38 in mutants were significantly higher than in WT under iron deficiency. Comparative transcriptome analysis suggested that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ERF96-loss-of-function mutant and WT under iron deficiency were mainly enriched in iron uptake and chlorophyll degradation. According to the specific analysis of these two kinds of DEGs, the expression of iron uptake and transport related genes in ERF96-loss-of-function mutant was higher and the expression of chlorophyll degradation related genes was lower under iron deficiency. Furthermore, loss-of-function of ERF96 influenced the plant hormone, especially auxin and ethylene signal transduction. Altogether, our results demonstrate that loss-of-function of ERF96 increased Fe uptake and chlorophyll level through ethylene and auxin signal pathway in the regulation of iron-deficiency response in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Wanting Hao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yijia Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ziping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shuqing Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Hu H, Chen L, Zhang H, Chen R. CabHLH79 Acts Upstream of CaNAC035 to Regulate Cold Stress in Pepper. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052537. [PMID: 35269676 PMCID: PMC8910607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the main restricting factors affecting plant growth and agricultural production. Complex cold signaling pathways induce the expression of hundreds of cold-sensitive genes. The NAC transcription factor CaNAC035 has previously been reported to significantly influence the response of pepper to cold stress. Here, using Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) library screened to search for other relevant molecular factors, we identified that CabHLH79 directly binds to the CaNAC035 promoter. Different basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) in plants significantly respond to multiple plant stresses, but the mechanism of bHLHs in the cold tolerance of pepper is still unclear. This study investigated the functional characterization of CabHLH79 in the regulation of cold resistance in pepper. Down-regulation of CabHLH79 in pepper by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) increased its sensitivity to low temperature, whereas overexpression of CabHLH79 in pepper or Arabidopsis enhanced cold resistance. Compared with control plants, VIGS mediated of CabHLH79 had lower enzyme activity and related gene expression levels, accompanied by higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, relative electrolyte leakage (REL), and malondialdehyde accumulation (MDA) contents. Transient overexpression of CabHLH79 pepper positively regulated cold stress response genes and ROS genes, which reduced REL and MDA contents. Similarly, ectopic expression of CabHLH79 in Arabidopsis showed less ROS accumulation, and higher enzymes activities and expression levels. These results indicated that CabHLH79 enhanced cold tolerance by enhancing the expression of ROS-related and other cold stress tolerance-related genes. Taken together, our results showed a multifaceted module of bHLH79-NAC035 in the cold stress of pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (H.H.); (L.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (H.H.); (L.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huifang Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (H.H.); (L.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Lang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (H.H.); (L.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (H.H.); (L.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Rugang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (H.H.); (L.C.); (H.Z.)
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling 712100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-29-8708-2613
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Li Y, Lei R, Pu M, Cai Y, Lu C, Li Z, Liang G. bHLH11 inhibits bHLH IVc proteins by recruiting the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED corepressors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1335-1349. [PMID: 34894263 PMCID: PMC8825326 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) homeostasis is essential for plant growth and development. Many transcription factors (TFs) play pivotal roles in the maintenance of Fe homeostasis. bHLH11 is a negative TF that regulates Fe homeostasis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we generated two loss-of-function bhlh11 mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which display enhanced sensitivity to excess Fe, increased Fe accumulation, and elevated expression of Fe deficiency responsive genes. Levels of bHLH11 protein, localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, decreased in response to Fe deficiency. Co-expression assays indicated that bHLH IVc TFs (bHLH34, bHLH104, bHLH105, and bHLH115) facilitate the nuclear accumulation of bHLH11. Further analysis indicated that bHLH11 represses the transactivity of bHLH IVc TFs toward bHLH Ib genes (bHLH38, bHLH39, bHLH100, and bHLH101). The two ethylene response factor-associated amphiphilic repression motifs of bHLH11 provided the repression function by recruiting the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPRs) corepressors. Correspondingly, the expression of Fe uptake genes increased in the tpr1 tpr4 tpl mutant. Moreover, genetic analysis revealed that bHLH11 has functions independent of FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR. This study provides insights into the complicated Fe homeostasis signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Rihua Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Mengna Pu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuerong Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengkai Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China
| | - Gang Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Carey-Fung O, O’Brien M, Beasley JT, Johnson AAT. A Model to Incorporate the bHLH Transcription Factor OsIRO3 within the Rice Iron Homeostasis Regulatory Network. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031635. [PMID: 35163555 PMCID: PMC8835859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) homeostasis in plants is governed by a complex network of regulatory elements and transcription factors (TFs), as both Fe toxicity and deficiency negatively impact plant growth and physiology. The Fe homeostasis network is well characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana and remains poorly understood in monocotyledon species such as rice (Oryza sativa L.). Recent investigation of the rice Fe homeostasis network revealed OsIRO3, a basic Helix–Loop–Helix (bHLH) TF as a putative negative regulator of genes involved in Fe uptake, transport, and storage. We employed CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to target the OsIRO3 coding sequence and generate two independent T-DNA-free, loss-of-function iro3 mutants in rice cv. Nipponbare. The iro3 mutant plants had similar phenotype under nutrient-sufficient conditions and had stunted growth under Fe-deficient conditions, relative to a T-DNA free, wild-type control (WT). Under Fe deficiency, iro3 mutant shoots had reduced expression of Fe chelator biosynthetic genes (OsNAS1, OsNAS2, and OsNAAT1) and upregulated expression of an Fe transporter gene (OsYSL15), relative to WT shoots. We place our results in the context of the existing literature and generate a model describing the role of OsIRO3 in rice Fe homeostasis and reinforce the essential function of OsIRO3 in the rice Fe deficiency response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Carey-Fung
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (O.C.-F.); (J.T.B.)
| | - Martin O’Brien
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Jesse T. Beasley
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (O.C.-F.); (J.T.B.)
| | - Alexander A. T. Johnson
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (O.C.-F.); (J.T.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-8344-3969
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Zhang X, Xiao K, Li S, Li J, Huang J, Chen R, Pang S, Zhou X. Genome-wide analysis of the NAAT, DMAS, TOM, and ENA gene families in maize suggests their roles in mediating iron homeostasis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:37. [PMID: 35039017 PMCID: PMC8762928 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotianamine (NA), 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA), and mugineic acid (MA) are chelators required for iron uptake and transport in plants. Nicotianamine aminotransferase (NAAT), 2'-deoxymugineic acid synthase (DMAS), transporter of MAs (TOM), and efflux transporter of NA (ENA) are involved in iron uptake and transport in rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare); however, these families have not been fully identified and comprehensively analyzed in maize (Zea mays L.). RESULTS Here, we identified 5 ZmNAAT, 9 ZmDMAS, 11 ZmTOM, and 2 ZmENA genes by genome mining. RNA-sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that these genes are expressed in various tissues and respond differently to high and low iron conditions. In particular, iron deficiency stimulated the expression of ZmDMAS1, ZmTOM1, ZmTOM3, and ZmENA1. Furthermore, we determined protein subcellular localization by transient expression of green fluorescent protein fusions in maize mesophyll protoplasts. ZmNAAT1, ZmNAAT-L4, ZmDMAS1, and ZmDMAS-L1 localized in the cytoplasm, whereas ZmTOMs and ZmENAs targeted to plasma and tonoplast membranes, endomembranes, and vesicles. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the different gene expression profiles and subcellular localizations of ZmNAAT, ZmDMAS, ZmTOM, and ZmENA family members may enable specific regulation of phytosiderophore metabolism in different tissues and under different external conditions, shedding light on iron homeostasis in maize and providing candidate genes for breeding iron-rich maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Suzhen Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rumei Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sen Pang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaojin Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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McInturf SA, Khan MA, Gokul A, Castro-Guerrero NA, Höhner R, Li J, Marjault HB, Fichman Y, Kunz HH, Goggin FL, Keyster M, Nechushtai R, Mittler R, Mendoza-Cózatl DG. Cadmium interference with iron sensing reveals transcriptional programs sensitive and insensitive to reactive oxygen species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:324-338. [PMID: 34499172 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient whose uptake is tightly regulated to prevent either deficiency or toxicity. Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential element that induces both Fe deficiency and toxicity; however, the mechanisms behind these Fe/Cd-induced responses are still elusive. Here we explored Cd- and Fe-associated responses in wild-type Arabidopsis and in a mutant that overaccumulates Fe (opt3-2). Gene expression profiling revealed a large overlap between transcripts induced by Fe deficiency and Cd exposure. Interestingly, the use of opt3-2 allowed us to identify additional gene clusters originally induced by Cd in the wild type but repressed in the opt3-2 background. Based on the high levels of H2O2 found in opt3-2, we propose a model where reactive oxygen species prevent the induction of genes that are induced in the wild type by either Fe deficiency or Cd. Interestingly, a defined cluster of Fe-responsive genes was found to be insensitive to this negative feedback, suggesting that their induction by Cd is more likely to be the result of an impaired Fe sensing. Overall, our data suggest that Fe deficiency responses are governed by multiple inputs and that a hierarchical regulation of Fe homeostasis prevents the induction of specific networks when Fe and H2O2 levels are elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A McInturf
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Mather A Khan
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Arun Gokul
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Norma A Castro-Guerrero
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ricarda Höhner
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Jiamei Li
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 217 Plant Sciences Building, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Yosef Fichman
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Hans-Henning Kunz
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
- Biozentrum der LMU München, Germany
| | - Fiona L Goggin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 217 Plant Sciences Building, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904Israel
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - David G Mendoza-Cózatl
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
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Thiriet-Rupert S, Gain G, Jadoul A, Vigneron A, Bosman B, Carnol M, Motte P, Cardol P, Nouet C, Hanikenne M. Long-term acclimation to cadmium exposure reveals extensive phenotypic plasticity in Chlamydomonas. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1653-1678. [PMID: 34618070 PMCID: PMC8566208 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing industrial and anthropogenic activities are producing and releasing more and more pollutants in the environment. Among them, toxic metals are one of the major threats for human health and natural ecosystems. Because photosynthetic organisms play a critical role in primary productivity and pollution management, investigating their response to metal toxicity is of major interest. Here, the green microalga Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) was subjected to short (3 d) or chronic (6 months) exposure to 50 µM cadmium (Cd), and the recovery from chronic exposure was also examined. An extensive phenotypic characterization and transcriptomic analysis showed that the impact of Cd on biomass production of short-term (ST) exposed cells was almost entirely abolished by long-term (LT) acclimation. The underlying mechanisms were initiated at ST and further amplified after LT exposure resulting in a reversible equilibrium allowing biomass production similar to control condition. This included modification of cell wall-related gene expression and biofilm-like structure formation, dynamics of metal ion uptake and homeostasis, photosynthesis efficiency recovery and Cd acclimation through metal homeostasis adjustment. The contribution of the identified coordination of phosphorus and iron homeostasis (partly) mediated by the main phosphorus homeostasis regulator, Phosphate Starvation Response 1, and a basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factor (Cre05.g241636) was further investigated. The study reveals the highly dynamic physiological plasticity enabling algal cell growth in an extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Thiriet-Rupert
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Present address: Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, Département Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Gain
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Jadoul
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Amandine Vigneron
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Bosman
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Monique Carnol
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Motte
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Nouet
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Author for communication:
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Liedschulte V, Duncan Battey JN, Laparra H, Kleinhans S, Bovet L, Goepfert S. Zinc uptake and HMA4 activity are required for micro- and macroelement balance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 191:112911. [PMID: 34418773 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pleiotropic effects of zinc deficiency on ion homeostasis have already been described in several plants. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) heavy metal ATPases HMA4.1 and HMA4.2 are involved in zinc and cadmium root-to-shoot translocation. In previous research, we have shown that N. tabacum HMA4 RNAi plants and HMA4 double-nonsense mutants exhibit strongly reduced zinc and cadmium levels in leaves as well as stunted growth. In this study, the ionome and transcriptome of these lines were investigated to better characterize the effect of reduced zinc levels and to understand the impaired growth phenotype. We found that, under standard greenhouse fertilization rates, these lines accumulated up to 4- to 6-fold more phosphorus, iron, manganese, and copper than their respective controls. Under field conditions, HMA4 double-mutant plants also exhibited similar accumulation phenotypes, albeit to a lower extent. In both HMA4 RNAi plants and HMA4 mutants, transcription analysis showed a local zinc-deficiency response in leaves as well as an FIT1-mediated iron-deficiency response in roots, likely contributing to iron and manganese uptake at the root level. A phosphate-starvation response involving HHO2 was also observed in HMA4-impaired plant leaves. The high level of phosphorus observed in HMA4-impaired plants is correlated with leaf swelling and necrosis. The upregulation of aquaporin genes is in line with cellular water influx and the observed leaf swelling phenotype. These results highlight the involvement of HMA4 in zinc homeostasis and related regulatory processes that balance the micro- and macroelements in above-ground organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Liedschulte
- Philip Morris International, Philip Morris Products SA, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Hélène Laparra
- Philip Morris International, Philip Morris Products SA, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Kleinhans
- Philip Morris International, Philip Morris Products SA, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Bovet
- Philip Morris International, Philip Morris Products SA, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Simon Goepfert
- Philip Morris International, Philip Morris Products SA, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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