1
|
Lobo AKM, Orr DJ, Carmo-Silva E. Regulation of Rubisco activity by interaction with chloroplast metabolites. Biochem J 2024; 481:1043-1056. [PMID: 39093337 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20240209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Rubisco activity is highly regulated and frequently limits carbon assimilation in crop plants. In the chloroplast, various metabolites can inhibit or modulate Rubisco activity by binding to its catalytic or allosteric sites, but this regulation is complex and still poorly understood. Using rice Rubisco, we characterised the impact of various chloroplast metabolites which could interact with Rubisco and modulate its activity, including photorespiratory intermediates, carbohydrates, amino acids; as well as specific sugar-phosphates known to inhibit Rubisco activity - CABP (2-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate) and CA1P (2-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1-phosphate) through in vitro enzymatic assays and molecular docking analysis. Most metabolites did not directly affect Rubisco in vitro activity under both saturating and limiting concentrations of Rubisco substrates, CO2 and RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate). As expected, Rubisco activity was strongly inhibited in the presence of CABP and CA1P. High physiologically relevant concentrations of the carboxylation product 3-PGA (3-phosphoglyceric acid) decreased Rubisco activity by up to 30%. High concentrations of the photosynthetically derived hexose phosphates fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) slightly reduced Rubisco activity under limiting CO2 and RuBP concentrations. Biochemical measurements of the apparent Vmax and Km for CO2 and RuBP (at atmospheric O2 concentration) and docking interactions analysis suggest that CABP/CA1P and 3-PGA inhibit Rubisco activity by binding tightly and loosely, respectively, to its catalytic sites (i.e. competing with the substrate RuBP). These findings will aid the design and biochemical modelling of new strategies to improve the regulation of Rubisco activity and enhance the efficiency and sustainability of carbon assimilation in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana K M Lobo
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Douglas J Orr
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiao Y, Lv W, Teng W, Li L, Lan H, Bai L, Li Z, Lian Y, Wang Z, Xin Z, Ren Y, Lin T. Peroxidase gene TaPrx109-B1 enhances wheat tolerance to water deficit via modulating stomatal density. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2954-2970. [PMID: 38629794 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Increasing the tolerance of crops to water deficit is crucial for the improvement of crop production in water-restricted regions. Here, a wheat peroxidase gene (TaPrx109-B1) belonging to the class III peroxidase gene family was identified and its function in water deficit tolerance was revealed. We demonstrated that overexpression of TaPrx109-B1 reduced leaf H2O2 level and stomatal density, increased leaf relative water content, water use efficiency, and tolerance to water deficit. The expression of TaEPF1 and TaEPF2, two key negative regulators of stomatal development, were significantly upregulated in TaPrx109-B1 overexpression lines. Furthermore, exogenous H2O2 downregulated the expression of TaEPF1 and TaEPF2 and increased stomatal density, while exogenous application of diphenyleneiodonium chloride, a potent NADPH oxidase inhibitor that repressed the synthesis of H2O2, upregulated the expression of TaEPF1 and TaEPF2, decreased stomatal density, and enhanced wheat tolerance to water deficit. These findings suggest that TaPrx109-B1 influences leaf stomatal density by modulation of H2O2 level and the expression of TaEPF1 and TaEPF2. The results of the field trial showed that overexpressing TaPrx109-B1 increased grain number per spike, which reduced the yield loss caused by water deficiency. Therefore, TaPrx109-B1 has great potential in breeding wheat varieties with improved water deficit tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Jiao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weizeng Lv
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Modern Agriculture, Lankao Vocational College of San Nong, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wan Teng
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haibin Lan
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Bai
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongzhen Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhao Lian
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Xin
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongzhe Ren
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tongbao Lin
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tong J, Xiong Y, Lu Y, Li W, Lin W, Xue J, Sun M, Wang Y, Gao Z. Drip Fertigation Enhances the Responses of Grain Yield and Quality to Nitrogen Topdressing Rate in Irrigated Winter Wheat in North China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1439. [PMID: 38891248 PMCID: PMC11174403 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Conventional water and nitrogen (N) management practice in north China, comprising flood irrigation and N fertilizer broadcast (FB), limits sustainable wheat production. Drip fertigation (DF) has been widely adopted in wheat production in recent years and has effectively improved yields. However, the responses of the yield and quality to the N topdressing rate (NTR) under DF are still unclear. This study determined the responses of the wheat yield and quality to NTR under DF, as well as assessing whether DF could synergistically increase the yield and quality. A field experiment was conducted in north China for two seasons (2021-2023) using a split-plot design with three replicates. The main plot used the management practice (FB and DF) and the sub-plot had N treatment (no N applied, and NTRs of 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1 with 150 kg N ha-1 as basal fertilizer, denoted as N0, T0, T40, T80, T120, and T160, respectively). Our results showed that high and saturated wheat yields (12.08 and 11.46 t ha-1) were obtained under DF at T80, and the highest yields were produced at T160 (11.71 and 11.30 t ha-1) under FB. Compared with FB, the greatest yield increase of 10.4-12.6% was achieved at T80 under DF. A higher spike number due to the increased effective stem percentage and a greater grain weight because of enhanced post-anthesis biomass production (BPpost) explained the improved yield under DF. The enhanced post-anthesis radiation use efficiency (RUE) led to the greater BPpost under DF. The enhanced specific leaf N, antioxidant capacity, and stomatal conductance under DF explained the higher light-saturated photosynthesis rate of flag leaves, which partly led to the increased post-anthesis RUE. NTR higher than 80 kg ha-1 did not enhance the yield, but it significantly improved the gliadin and glutelin contents, thereby leading to a higher total protein content, better gluten characteristics, and superior processing quality. Therefore, drip fertigation is a practical strategy for increasing both yield and quality with reduced water input and appropriate N input in irrigated winter wheat in north China. Applying 80 kg ha-1 of NTR under drip irrigation produces a high yield, but further gain in grain quality needs a higher NTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuechao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (J.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (W.L.); (J.X.); (M.S.)
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (J.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (W.L.); (J.X.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sargent D, Amthor JS, Stinziano JR, Evans JR, Whitney SM, Bange MP, Tissue DT, Conaty WC, Sharwood RE. The importance of species-specific and temperature-sensitive parameterisation of A/C i models: A case study using cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and the automated 'OptiFitACi' R-package. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1701-1715. [PMID: 38294051 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Leaf gas exchange measurements are an important tool for inferring a plant's photosynthetic biochemistry. In most cases, the responses of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation to variable intercellular CO2 concentrations (A/Ci response curves) are used to model the maximum (potential) rate of carboxylation by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, Vcmax) and the rate of photosynthetic electron transport at a given incident photosynthetically active radiation flux density (PAR; JPAR). The standard Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry model is often used with default parameters of Rubisco kinetic values and mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm) derived from tobacco that may be inapplicable across species. To study the significance of using such parameters for other species, here we measured the temperature responses of key in vitro Rubisco catalytic properties and gm in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Sicot 71) and derived Vcmax and J2000 (JPAR at 2000 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR) from cotton A/Ci curves incrementally measured at 15°C-40°C using cotton and other species-specific sets of input parameters with our new automated fitting R package 'OptiFitACi'. Notably, parameterisation by a set of tobacco parameters produced unrealistic J2000:Vcmax ratio of <1 at 25°C, two- to three-fold higher estimates of Vcmax above 15°C, up to 2.3-fold higher estimates of J2000 and more variable estimates of Vcmax and J2000, for our cotton data compared to model parameterisation with cotton-derived values. We determined that errors arise when using a gm,25 of 2.3 mol m-2 s-1 MPa-1 or less and Rubisco CO2-affinities in 21% O2 (KC 21%O2) at 25°C outside the range of 46-63 Pa to model A/Ci responses in cotton. We show how the A/Ci modelling capabilities of 'OptiFitACi' serves as a robust, user-friendly, and flexible extension of 'plantecophys' by providing simplified temperature-sensitivity and species-specificity parameterisation capabilities to reduce variability when modelling Vcmax and J2000.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demi Sargent
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jeffrey S Amthor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | | | - John R Evans
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Spencer M Whitney
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Michael P Bange
- Cotton Seed Distributors Ltd, Wee Waa, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Warren C Conaty
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert E Sharwood
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Chen J, Wang W, Zhu L. Photosynthetic mechanisms of carbon fixation reduction in rice by cadmium and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123436. [PMID: 38281573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants interfere with plant photosynthesis, thus reduce the crop yield and carbon storage capacity of farmland. This study comparatively explored the effects and mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, e.g., phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene) and cadmium (Cd) on the carbon fixation capacity of rice throughout the growth period. Cd posed severer inhibition on the net carbon fixation of rice than PAHs, with the inhibition rates of 1.40-14.8-fold over PAHs at the concentrations of 0.5 or 5 mg/kg soil. Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) involved in the Calvin cycle was identified as the common target of these pollutants to inhibit the photosynthetic carbon fixation. Further investigation demonstrated that the different inhibitory effects of Cd and PAHs was resulted from their different interference on the dual catalysis function (carboxylation and oxygenation) of Rubisco. Cd disturbed the balance of the intercellular CO2/O2, thus promoting the oxygenation and inhibiting the carboxylation of the substrate of Rubisco. Under the stress of Cd, the downstream metabolites (e.g. glycolate, glyoxylate, and serine) of Rubisco oxygenation were upregulated by over 2.01-3.24-fold, whereas the carboxylation efficiency (Vcmax) was decreased by 5.58-29.3%. Comparatively, PAHs inhibited both the carboxylation and oxygenation by down-regulating the expression of Rubisco coding gene (OsRBCS2, Log2FC < -2). This study broadens the understanding of the mechanisms of different environmental pollutants on the carbon fixation, providing valuable information for the quantitative estimation of their impacts on the farmland carbon sink. The results would be constructive to develop strategies for eliminating the adverse effects of contaminants and assist the carbon-neutral programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Keller B, Soto J, Steier A, Portilla-Benavides AE, Raatz B, Studer B, Walter A, Muller O, Urban MO. Linking photosynthesis and yield reveals a strategy to improve light use efficiency in a climbing bean breeding population. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:901-916. [PMID: 37878015 PMCID: PMC10837016 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis drives plant physiology, biomass accumulation, and yield. Photosynthetic efficiency, specifically the operating efficiency of PSII (Fq'/Fm'), is highly responsive to actual growth conditions, especially to fluctuating photosynthetic photon fluence rate (PPFR). Under field conditions, plants constantly balance energy uptake to optimize growth. The dynamic regulation complicates the quantification of cumulative photochemical energy uptake based on the intercepted solar energy, its transduction into biomass, and the identification of efficient breeding lines. Here, we show significant effects on biomass related to genetic variation in photosynthetic efficiency of 178 climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines. Under fluctuating conditions, the Fq'/Fm' was monitored throughout the growing period using hand-held and automated chlorophyll fluorescence phenotyping. The seasonal response of Fq'/Fm' to PPFR (ResponseG:PPFR) achieved significant correlations with biomass and yield, ranging from 0.33 to 0.35 and from 0.22 to 0.31 in two glasshouse and three field trials, respectively. Phenomic yield prediction outperformed genomic predictions for new environments in four trials under different growing conditions. Investigating genetic control over photosynthesis, one single nucleotide polymorphism (Chr09_37766289_13052) on chromosome 9 was significantly associated with ResponseG:PPFR in proximity to a candidate gene controlling chloroplast thylakoid formation. In conclusion, photosynthetic screening facilitates and accelerates selection for high yield potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beat Keller
- Crop Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonatan Soto
- Bean Program, Crops for nutrition and health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Angelina Steier
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Bodo Raatz
- Bean Program, Crops for nutrition and health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Walter
- Crop Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onno Muller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Milan O Urban
- Bean Program, Crops for nutrition and health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ferreira LC, Santana FM, Scagliusi SMM, Beckmann M, Mur LAJ. Induced responses to the wheat pathogen: Tan Spot-(Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) focus on changes in defence associated and sugar metabolism. Metabolomics 2024; 20:19. [PMID: 38296869 PMCID: PMC10830751 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tan Spot (TS) disease of wheat is caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), where most of the yield loss is linked to diseased flag leaves. As there are no fully resistant cultivars available, elucidating the responses of wheat to Ptr could inform the derivation of new resistant genotypes. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to characterise the flag-leaf metabolomes of two spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L. cv. PF 080719 [PF] and cv. Fundacep Horizonte [FH]) following challenge with Ptr to gain insights into TS disease development. METHODS PF and FH plants were inoculated with a Ptr strain that produces the necrotrophic toxin ToxA. The metabolic changes in flag leaves following challenge (24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-inoculation [hpi]) with Ptr were investigated using untargeted flow infusion ionisation-high resolution mass spectroscopy (FIE-HRMS). RESULTS Both cultivars were susceptible to Ptr at the flag-leaf stage. Comparisons of Ptr- and mock-inoculated plants indicated that a major metabolic shift occurred at 24 hpi in FH, and at 48 hpi in PF. Although most altered metabolites were genotype specific, they were linked to common pathways; phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolism. Alterations in sugar metabolism as well as in glycolysis and glucogenesis pathways were also observed. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that Ptr-triggered alterations in chloroplast and photosynthetic machinery in both cultivars, especially in FH at 96 hpi. In a wheat-Ptr interactome in integrative network analysis, "flavone and flavonol biosynthesis" and "starch and sucrose metabolism" were targeted as the key metabolic processes underlying PF-FH-Ptr interactions. CONCLUSION These observations suggest the potential importance of flavone and flavonol biosynthesis as well as bioenergetic shifts in susceptibility to Ptr. This work highlights the value of metabolomic approaches to provide novel insights into wheat pathosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Carvalho Ferreira
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
- Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Manfred Beckmann
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Amaral J, Lobo AKM, Carmo-Silva E, Orr DJ. Purification of Rubisco from Leaves. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2790:417-426. [PMID: 38649584 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3790-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Rubisco fixes CO2 through the carboxylation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) during photosynthesis, enabling the synthesis of organic compounds. The natural diversity of Rubisco properties represents an opportunity to improve its performance and there is considerable research effort focusing on better understanding the properties and regulation of the enzyme. This chapter describes a method for large-scale purification of Rubisco from leaves. After the extraction of Rubisco from plant leaves, the enzyme is separated from other proteins by fractional precipitation with polyethylene glycol followed by ion-exchange chromatography. This method enables the isolation of Rubisco in large quantities for a wide range of biochemical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Amaral
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Ana K M Lobo
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Douglas J Orr
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim SH, Yoon J, Kim H, Lee SJ, Paek NC. Rice Basic Helix-Loop-Helix 079 (OsbHLH079) Delays Leaf Senescence by Attenuating ABA Signaling. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:60. [PMID: 38093151 PMCID: PMC10719235 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence represents the final phase of leaf development and is characterized by a highly organized degenerative process involving the active translocation of nutrients from senescing leaves to growing tissues or storage organs. To date, a large number of senescence-associated transcription factors (sen-TFs) have been identified that regulate the initiation and progression of leaf senescence. Many of these TFs, including NAC (NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2), WRKY, and MYB TFs, have been implicated in modulating the expression of downstream senescence-associated genes (SAGs) and chlorophyll degradation genes (CDGs) under the control of phytohormones. However, the involvement of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs in leaf senescence has been less investigated. Here, we show that OsbHLH079 delays both natural senescence and dark-induced senescence: Overexpression of OsbHLH079 led to a stay-green phenotype, whereas osbhlh079 knockout mutation displayed accelerated leaf senescence. Similar to other sen-TFs, OsbHLH079 showed a gradual escalation in expression as leaves underwent senescence. During this process, the mRNA levels of SAGs and CDGs remained relatively low in OsbHLH079 overexpressors, but increased sharply in osbhlh079 mutants, suggesting that OsbHLH079 negatively regulates the transcription of SAGs and CDGs under senescence conditions. Additionally, we found that OsbHLH079 delays ABA-induced senescence. Subsequent RT-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that OsbHLH079 downregulates the expression of ABA signaling genes, such as OsABF2, OsABF4, OsABI5, and OsNAP. Taken together, these results demonstrate that OsbHLH079 functions in delaying leaf yellowing by attenuating the ABA responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Yoon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ji Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chon Paek
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferguson JN, Jithesh T, Lawson T, Kromdijk J. Excised leaves show limited and species-specific effects on photosynthetic parameters across crop functional types. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6662-6676. [PMID: 37565685 PMCID: PMC10662226 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is increasingly becoming a recognized target for crop improvement. Phenotyping photosynthesis-related traits on field-grown material is a key bottleneck to progress here due to logistical barriers and short measurement days. Many studies attempt to overcome these challenges by phenotyping excised leaf material in the laboratory. To date there are no demonstrated examples of the representative nature of photosynthesis measurements performed on excised leaves relative to attached leaves in crops. Here, we tested whether standardized leaf excision on the day prior to phenotyping affected a range of common photosynthesis-related traits across crop functional types using tomato (C3 dicot), barley (C3 monocot), and maize (C4 monocot). Potentially constraining aspects of leaf physiology that could be predicted to impair photosynthesis in excised leaves, namely leaf water potential and abscisic acid accumulation, were not different between attached and excised leaves. We also observed non-significant differences in spectral reflectance and chlorophyll fluorescence traits between the treatments across the three species. However, we did observe some significant differences between traits associated with gas exchange and photosynthetic capacity across all three species. This study represents a useful reference for those who perform measurements of this nature and the differences reported should be considered in associated experimental design and statistical analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John N Ferguson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 3EA, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Tamanna Jithesh
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 3EA, UK
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Tian Z, Li J, Askari K, Han A, Ma J, Liu R. Physcion and chitosan-Oligosaccharide (COS) synergistically improve the yield by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and resilience in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:107993. [PMID: 37678090 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
As progressively increasing food safety concerns, diversified plant diseases and abiotic stresses, environmental-friendly bio-pesticides and bio-stimulants combinations may are likely to serve as a vital means of safeguarding green and sustainable food production. Accordingly, in this study, pot and field trials were performed to examine the application potential of the combination of physcion and chitosan-Oligosaccharide (COS) in wheat production. Wheat seeds were coated with physcion and COS and the effects exerted by them on morphology, physiology and yield of the wheat were investigated. As indicated by the results, the combination of physcion and COS not only did not inhibit the growth of wheat seedlings, but also synergistically increased root vigor and photosynthetic pigment content. Simultaneously, the lignin content in the roots and leaves was increased significantly. Moreover, the result confirmed that the combination of both substances reduced the MDA content, which was correlated with the up-regulation of the transcript expression level of antioxidant enzyme genes and the resulting increased enzyme activity. Furthermore, this combination synergistically increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the flag leaves and ultimately contributed to the increase in yield. Notably, the above-mentioned desirable cooperative effect was not limited by cultivars and cultivation methods. The conclusion of this study suggested that the combination of physcion and COS synergistically improved the photosynthetic rate and resilience in wheat, such that high wheat yields can be more significantly maintained, and future food security can be more effectively ensured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingchong Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection and School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhixiang Tian
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection and School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Jingkun Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection and School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Komelle Askari
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Aohui Han
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection and School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Junwei Ma
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection and School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Runqiang Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection and School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu W, Zhao M, Zhang S, Li Y, Dai J, Gu C, Li X, Yang L, Qin L, Liao X. Optimized leaf storage and photosynthetic nitrogen trade-off promote synergistic increases in photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14013. [PMID: 37882267 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A coordinated increase in the photosynthetic rate (A) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) is an effective strategy for improving crop yield and nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency. PNUE tends to decrease with increasing N levels, but there are natural variations. Consequently, leaf functional N partitioning in Brassica napus genotypes under different N rates was measured to explore the optimized N allocation model for synchronously increasing A and PNUE values. The results showed that genotypes whose PNUE increased with increasing N supply (PNUE-I) produced an approximate A value with a relatively low leaf N content, owing to reduced storage N (Nstore ) and close photosynthetic N (Npsn ) content. Partial least squares path modeling showed that A was dominated by the Npsn content, and PNUE was directly influenced by A and Nstore . The A value increased with the Npsn content until the Npsn content exceeded the threshold value. The boundary line of PNUE varied with the Npsn and Nstore proportions, indicating that the optimum Npsn and Nstore proportions were 51.6% and 40.3%, respectively. The Nstore proportion of PNUE-I was closer to the thresholds and benefited from lower increments in Rubisco content and nonprotein form storage N content with improved N supply. Optimized Nstore and Npsn trade-off by regulating increments in Nstore content with increased N supply, thereby promoting coordinated increases in A and PNUE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Manli Zhao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinshui Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Chiming Gu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Liao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Del Pozo A, Méndez-Espinoza AM, Garriga M, Estrada F, Castillo D, Matus I, Lobos GA. Phenotypic variation in leaf photosynthetic traits, leaf area index, and carbon discrimination of field-grown wheat genotypes and their relationship with yield performance in Mediterranean environments. PLANTA 2023; 258:22. [PMID: 37329469 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Leaf water potential, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence exhibited significant differences among genotypes, high environmental effects, but low heritability. The highest-yielding and drought-tolerant genotypes presented superior harvest index and grain weight, compared to drought-susceptible ones. Physiological phenotyping can help identify useful traits related to crop performance under water-limited conditions. A set of fourteen bread wheat genotypes with contrasting grain yield (GY) was studied in eight Mediterranean environments in Chile, resulting from the combination of two sites (Cauquenes and Santa Rosa), two water conditions (rainfed-WL and irrigated-WW), and four growing seasons (2015-2018). The objectives were to (i) evaluate the phenotypic variation of leaf photosynthetic traits after heading (anthesis and grain filling) in different environments; (ii) analyze the relationship between GY and leaf photosynthetic traits and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C); and (iii) identify those traits that could have a greater impact in the determination of tolerant genotypes under field conditions. Agronomic traits exhibited significant genotypic differences and genotype × environment (GxE) interaction. The average GY under the WW condition at Santa Rosa was 9.2 Mg ha-1 (range 8.2-9.9 Mg ha-1) and under the WL condition at Cauquenes was 6.2 Mg ha-1 (range 3.7-8.3 Mg ha-1). The GY was closely related to the harvest index (HI) in 14 out of 16 environments, a trait exhibiting a relatively high heritability. In general terms, the leaf photosynthetic traits presented low GxE interaction, but high environmental effects and low heritability, except for the chlorophyll content. The relationships between GY and leaf photosynthetic traits were weaker when performed across genotypes in each environment, indicating low genotypic effects, and stronger when performed across environments for each genotype. The leaf area index and Δ13C also presented high environmental effects and low heritability, and their correlations with GY were influenced by environmental effects. The highest-yielding and drought-tolerant genotypes presented superior HI and grain weight, but no clear differences in leaf photosynthetic traits or Δ13C, compared to drought-susceptible ones. It seems that the phenotypic plasticity of agronomic and leaf photosynthetic traits is very important for crop adaptation to Mediterranean environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Del Pozo
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile.
| | - Ana María Méndez-Espinoza
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
- CRI-Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Km 8 Norte, Osorno, Chile
| | - Miguel Garriga
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - Félix Estrada
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
- CRI-Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Km 8 Norte, Osorno, Chile
| | - Dalma Castillo
- CRI-Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
| | - Iván Matus
- CRI-Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
| | - Gustavo A Lobos
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wall S, Cockram J, Vialet-Chabrand S, Van Rie J, Gallé A, Lawson T. The impact of growth at elevated [CO2] on stomatal anatomy and behavior differs between wheat species and cultivars. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2860-2874. [PMID: 36633860 PMCID: PMC10134898 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plants to respond to changes in the environment is crucial to their survival and reproductive success. The impact of increasing the atmospheric CO2 concentration (a[CO2]), mediated by behavioral and developmental responses of stomata, on crop performance remains a concern under all climate change scenarios, with potential impacts on future food security. To identify possible beneficial traits that could be exploited for future breeding, phenotypic variation in morphological traits including stomatal size and density, as well as physiological responses and, critically, the effect of growth [CO2] on these traits, was assessed in six wheat relative accessions (including Aegilops tauschii, Triticum turgidum ssp. Dicoccoides, and T. turgidum ssp. dicoccon) and five elite bread wheat T. aestivum cultivars. Exploiting a range of different species and ploidy, we identified key differences in photosynthetic capacity between elite hexaploid wheat and wheat relatives. We also report differences in the speed of stomatal responses which were found to be faster in wheat relatives than in elite cultivars, a trait that could be useful for enhanced photosynthetic carbon gain and water use efficiency. Furthermore, these traits do not all appear to be influenced by elevated [CO2], and determining the underlying genetics will be critical for future breeding programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shellie Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - James Cockram
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | | | - Jeroen Van Rie
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gallé
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ding M, Zhu Y, Kinoshita T. Stomatal properties of Arabidopsis cauline and rice flag leaves and their contributions to seed production and grain yield. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:1957-1973. [PMID: 36520996 PMCID: PMC10049919 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cauline leaves on the inflorescence stem of Arabidopsis thaliana may play important roles in supplying photosynthetic products to sinks, such as floral organs. Flag leaves in rice (Oryza sativa) have a higher photosynthetic capacity than other leaves, and are crucial for increasing grain yield. However, the detailed properties of stomata in cauline and flag leaves have not been investigated. In Arabidopsis, stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation rate were higher in cauline leaves under white light than in rosette leaves, consistent with higher levels of plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase, a key enzyme for stomatal opening, in guard cells. Moreover, removal of cauline leaves significantly reduced the shoot biomass by approximately 20% and seed production by approximately 46%. In rice, higher stomatal density, stomatal conductance, and CO2 assimilation rate were observed in flag leaves than in fully expanded second leaves. Removal of the flag leaves significantly reduced grain yield by approximately 49%. Taken together, these results show that cauline and flag leaves have important roles in seed production and grain yield through enhanced stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ding
- Plant Physiology laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- College of Resource and Environment Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chakraborty R, Mukhopadhyay A, Paul S, Sarkar S, Mukhopadhyay R. Nanocomposite-based smart fertilizers: A boon to agricultural and environmental sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160859. [PMID: 36526196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizers are indispensable agri-inputs to accomplish the growing food demand. The injudicious use of conventional fertilizer products has resulted in several environmental and human health complications. To mitigate these problems, nanocomposite-based fertilizers are viable alternative options. Nanocomposites, a novel class of materials having improved mechanical strength, barrier properties, and mechanical and thermal stability, are suitable candidates to develop eco-friendly slow/controlled release fertilizer formulations. In this review, the use of different nanocomposite materials developed for nutrient management in agriculture has been summarized with a major focus on their synthesis and characterization techniques, and application aspects in plant nutrition, along with addressing constraints and future opportunities of this domain. Further detailed studies on nanocomposite-based fertilizers are required to evaluate the cost-effective synthesis methods, in-depth field efficacy, environmental fate, stability, etc. before commercialization in the field of agriculture. The present review is expected to help the policy makers and all the stakeholders in the large-scale commercialization and application of nanocomposite-based smart fertilizer products with greater societal acceptance and environmental sustainability in near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranabir Chakraborty
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Subhadip Paul
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Subhasis Sarkar
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Raj Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nisler J, Kučerová Z, Koprna R, Sobotka R, Slivková J, Rossall S, Špundová M, Husičková A, Pilný J, Tarkowská D, Novák O, Škrabišová M, Strnad M. Urea derivative MTU improves stress tolerance and yield in wheat by promoting cyclic electron flow around PSI. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1131326. [PMID: 36959950 PMCID: PMC10028069 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1131326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing crop productivity under optimal conditions and mitigating yield losses under stressful conditions is a major challenge in contemporary agriculture. We have recently identified an effective anti-senescence compound (MTU, [1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5yl)urea]) in in vitro studies. Here, we show that MTU delayed both age- and stress-induced senescence of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) by enhancing the abundance of PSI supercomplex with LHCa antennae (PSI-LHCa) and promoting the cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI. We suppose that this rarely-observed phenomenon blocks the disintegration of photosynthetic apparatus and maintains its activity as was reflected by the faster growth rate of wheat in optimal conditions and under drought and heat stress. Our multiyear field trial analysis further shows that the treatment with 0.4 g ha-1 of MTU enhanced average grain yields of field-grown wheat and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by 5-8%. Interestingly, the analysis of gene expression and hormone profiling confirms that MTU acts without the involvement of cytokinins or other phytohormones. Moreover, MTU appears to be the only chemical reported to date to affect PSI stability and activity. Our results indicate a central role of PSI and CEF in the onset of senescence with implications in yield management at least for cereal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Nisler
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Kučerová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Radoslav Koprna
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Jana Slivková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Stephen Rossall
- School of Biosciences, Nottingham University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Špundová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Alexandra Husičková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Pilný
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Mária Škrabišová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zanella CM, Rotondo M, McCormick‐Barnes C, Mellers G, Corsi B, Berry S, Ciccone G, Day R, Faralli M, Galle A, Gardner KA, Jacobs J, Ober ES, Sánchez del Rio A, Van Rie J, Lawson T, Cockram J. Longer epidermal cells underlie a quantitative source of variation in wheat flag leaf size. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1558-1573. [PMID: 36519272 PMCID: PMC10107444 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The wheat flag leaf is the main contributor of photosynthetic assimilates to developing grains. Understanding how canopy architecture strategies affect source strength and yield will aid improved crop design. We used an eight-founder population to investigate the genetic architecture of flag leaf area, length, width and angle in European wheat. For the strongest genetic locus identified, we subsequently created a near-isogenic line (NIL) pair for more detailed investigation across seven test environments. Genetic control of traits investigated was highly polygenic, with colocalisation of replicated quantitative trait loci (QTL) for one or more traits identifying 24 loci. For QTL QFll.niab-5A.1 (FLL5A), development of a NIL pair found the FLL5A+ allele commonly conferred a c. 7% increase in flag and second leaf length and a more erect leaf angle, resulting in higher flag and/or second leaf area. Increased FLL5A-mediated flag leaf length was associated with: (1) longer pavement cells and (2) larger stomata at lower density, with a trend for decreased maximum stomatal conductance (Gsmax ) per unit leaf area. For FLL5A, cell size rather than number predominantly determined leaf length. The observed trade-offs between leaf size and stomatal morphology highlight the need for future studies to consider these traits at the whole-leaf level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marilena Rotondo
- NIAB93 Lawrence Weaver RoadCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
- University of MessinaMessina98122Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Giulia Ciccone
- NIAB93 Lawrence Weaver RoadCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
- University of MessinaMessina98122Italy
| | - Rob Day
- NIAB93 Lawrence Weaver RoadCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
| | - Michele Faralli
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterCO4 3SQUK
| | - Alexander Galle
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center (BBCC) – Innovation Center GhentTechnologiepark‐Zwijnaarde 1019052GhentBelgium
| | | | - John Jacobs
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center (BBCC) – Innovation Center GhentTechnologiepark‐Zwijnaarde 1019052GhentBelgium
| | | | | | - Jeroen Van Rie
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center (BBCC) – Innovation Center GhentTechnologiepark‐Zwijnaarde 1019052GhentBelgium
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterCO4 3SQUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Estrada F, Flexas J, Araus JL, Mora-Poblete F, Gonzalez-Talice J, Castillo D, Matus IA, Méndez-Espinoza AM, Garriga M, Araya-Riquelme C, Douthe C, Castillo B, del Pozo A, Lobos GA. Exploring plant responses to abiotic stress by contrasting spectral signature changes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1026323. [PMID: 36777544 PMCID: PMC9910286 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1026323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, daily changes over a short period and diurnal progression of spectral reflectance at the leaf level were used to identify spring wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) susceptible to adverse conditions. Four genotypes were grown in pots experiments under semi-controlled conditions in Chile and Spain. Three treatments were applied: i) control (C), ii) water stress (WS), and iii) combined water and heat shock (WS+T). Spectral reflectance, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were performed on flag leaves for three consecutive days at anthesis. High canopy temperature ( H CT ) genotypes showed less variability in their mean spectral reflectance signature and chlorophyll fluorescence, which was related to weaker responses to environmental fluctuations. While low canopy temperature ( L CT ) genotypes showed greater variability. The genotypes spectral signature changes, in accordance with environmental fluctuation, were associated with variations in their stomatal conductance under both stress conditions (WS and WS+T); L CT genotypes showed an anisohydric response compared that of H CT , which was isohydric. This approach could be used in breeding programs for screening a large number of genotypes through proximal or remote sensing tools and be a novel but simple way to identify groups of genotypes with contrasting performances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Estrada
- Plant Breeding and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA-Quilamapu, Chillán, Chile
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA-Remehue, Osorno, Chile
| | - Jose Luis Araus
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Freddy Mora-Poblete
- Department of Evolutive Biology Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dalma Castillo
- Departamento de Producción Forestal y Tecnología de la Madera, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ivan A. Matus
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA-Quilamapu, Chillán, Chile
| | | | - Miguel Garriga
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Araya-Riquelme
- Plant Breeding and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Cyril Douthe
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Benjamin Castillo
- Plant Breeding and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Alejandro del Pozo
- Plant Breeding and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gustavo A. Lobos
- Plant Breeding and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sommer SG, Han E, Li X, Rosenqvist E, Liu F. The Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameter F v/F m Correlates with Loss of Grain Yield after Severe Drought in Three Wheat Genotypes Grown at Two CO 2 Concentrations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:436. [PMID: 36771521 PMCID: PMC9920701 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Three genotypes of wheat grown at two CO2 concentrations were used in a drought experiment, where water was withheld from the pots at anthesis until stomatal conductance (gs) dropped below 10% of the control and photosynthesis (A) approached zero. The genotypes had different leaf area (Gladius < LM19 < LM62) and while photosynthesis and shoot growth were boosted by elevated CO2, the water use and drying rate were more determined by canopy size than by stomatal density and conductance. The genotypes responded differently regarding number of fertile tillers, seeds per spike and 1000 kernel weight and, surprisingly, the largest genotype (LM62) with high water use showed the lowest relative decrease in grain yield. The maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was only affected on the last day of the drought when the stomata were almost closed although some variation in A was still seen between the genotypes. A close correlation was found between Fv/Fm and % loss of grain yield. It indicates that the precise final physiological stress level measured by Fv/Fm at anthesis/early kernel filling could effectively predict percentage final yield loss, and LM62 was slightly less stressed than the other genotypes, due to only a small discrepancy in finalising the drying period. Therefore, Fv/Fm can be used as a proxy for estimating the yield performance of wheat after severe drought at anthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Gjedde Sommer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Crop Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Eusun Han
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Crop Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Eva Rosenqvist
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Crop Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Crop Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing 101400, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Orr DJ, Robijns AKJ, Baker CR, Niyogi KK, Carmo-Silva E. Dynamics of Rubisco regulation by sugar phosphate derivatives and their phosphatases. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:581-590. [PMID: 36173669 PMCID: PMC9833046 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the central CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco is as complex as its ancient reaction mechanism and involves interaction with a series of cofactors and auxiliary proteins that activate catalytic sites and maintain activity. A key component among the regulatory mechanisms is the binding of sugar phosphate derivatives that inhibit activity. Removal of inhibitors via the action of Rubisco activase is required to restore catalytic competency. In addition, specific phosphatases dephosphorylate newly released inhibitors, rendering them incapable of binding to Rubisco catalytic sites. The best studied inhibitor is 2-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1-phosphate (CA1P), a naturally occurring nocturnal inhibitor that accumulates in most species during darkness and low light, progressively binding to Rubisco. As light increases, Rubisco activase removes CA1P from Rubisco, and the specific phosphatase CA1Pase dephosphorylates CA1P to CA, which cannot bind Rubisco. Misfire products of Rubisco's complex reaction chemistry can also act as inhibitors. One example is xylulose-1,5-bisphosphate (XuBP), which is dephosphorylated by XuBPase. Here we revisit key findings related to sugar phosphate derivatives and their specific phosphatases, highlighting outstanding questions and how further consideration of these inhibitors and their role is important for better understanding the regulation of carbon assimilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice K J Robijns
- Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Christopher R Baker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Leister D. Enhancing the light reactions of photosynthesis: Strategies, controversies, and perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:4-22. [PMID: 35996755 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is central to life on Earth, employing sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce chemical energy and oxygen. It is generally accepted that boosting its efficiency offers one promising way to increase crop yields under agronomically realistic conditions. Since the components, structure, and regulatory mechanisms of the light reactions of photosynthesis are well understood, concepts for enhancing the process have been suggested and partially tested. These approaches vary in complexity, from targeting single components to comprehensive redesign of the whole process on the scales from single cells or tissues to whole canopies. Attempts to enhance light utilization per leaf, by decreasing pigmentation, increasing levels of photosynthetic proteins, prolonging the lifespan of the photosynthetic machinery, or massive reconfiguration of the photosynthetic machinery and the incorporation of nanomaterials, are discussed in this review first. Secondly, strategies intended to optimize the acclimation of photosynthesis to changes in the environment are presented, including redesigning mechanisms to dissipate excess excitation energy (e.g., non-photochemical quenching) or reduction power (e.g., flavodiiron proteins). Moreover, schemes for improving acclimation, inspired by natural or laboratory-induced adaptation, are introduced. However, all these endeavors are still in an early exploratory phase and/or have not resulted in the desired outcome, largely because photosynthesis is embedded within large networks of closely interacting cellular and metabolic processes, which can vary among species and even cultivars. This explains why integrated, systems-wide approaches are required to achieve the breakthroughs required for effectively increasing crop yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Martinsried-Planegg, D-82152 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Murchie EH, Reynolds M, Slafer GA, Foulkes MJ, Acevedo-Siaca L, McAusland L, Sharwood R, Griffiths S, Flavell RB, Gwyn J, Sawkins M, Carmo-Silva E. A 'wiring diagram' for source strength traits impacting wheat yield potential. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:72-90. [PMID: 36264277 PMCID: PMC9786870 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Source traits are currently of great interest for the enhancement of yield potential; for example, much effort is being expended to find ways of modifying photosynthesis. However, photosynthesis is but one component of crop regulation, so sink activities and the coordination of diverse processes throughout the crop must be considered in an integrated, systems approach. A set of 'wiring diagrams' has been devised as a visual tool to integrate the interactions of component processes at different stages of wheat development. They enable the roles of chloroplast, leaf, and whole-canopy processes to be seen in the context of sink development and crop growth as a whole. In this review, we dissect source traits both anatomically (foliar and non-foliar) and temporally (pre- and post-anthesis), and consider the evidence for their regulation at local and whole-plant/crop levels. We consider how the formation of a canopy creates challenges (self-occlusion) and opportunities (dynamic photosynthesis) for components of photosynthesis. Lastly, we discuss the regulation of source activity by feedback regulation. The review is written in the framework of the wiring diagrams which, as integrated descriptors of traits underpinning grain yield, are designed to provide a potential workspace for breeders and other crop scientists that, along with high-throughput and precision phenotyping data, genetics, and bioinformatics, will help build future dynamic models of trait and gene interactions to achieve yield gains in wheat and other field crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A Slafer
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida–AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Av. R. Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- ICREA (Catalonian Institution for Research and Advanced Studies), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M John Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Liana Acevedo-Siaca
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Lorna McAusland
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Robert Sharwood
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Simon Griffiths
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Richard B Flavell
- International Wheat Yield Partnership, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jeff Gwyn
- International Wheat Yield Partnership, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mark Sawkins
- International Wheat Yield Partnership, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Singh J, Garai S, Das S, Thakur JK, Tripathy BC. Role of C4 photosynthetic enzyme isoforms in C3 plants and their potential applications in improving agronomic traits in crops. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:233-258. [PMID: 36309625 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As compared to C3, C4 plants have higher photosynthetic rates and better tolerance to high temperature and drought. These traits are highly beneficial in the current scenario of global warming. Interestingly, all the genes of the C4 photosynthetic pathway are present in C3 plants, although they are involved in diverse non-photosynthetic functions. Non-photosynthetic isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), the decarboxylating enzymes NAD/NADP-malic enzyme (NAD/NADP-ME), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and finally pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) catalyze reactions that are essential for major plant metabolism pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, maintenance of cellular pH, uptake of nutrients and their assimilation. Consistent with this view differential expression pattern of these non-photosynthetic C3 isoforms has been observed in different tissues across the plant developmental stages, such as germination, grain filling, and leaf senescence. Also abundance of these C3 isoforms is increased considerably in response to environmental fluctuations particularly during abiotic stress. Here we review the vital roles played by C3 isoforms of C4 enzymes and the probable mechanisms by which they help plants in acclimation to adverse growth conditions. Further, their potential applications to increase the agronomic trait value of C3 crops is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sampurna Garai
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shubhashis Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Coast O, Posch BC, Rognoni BG, Bramley H, Gaju O, Mackenzie J, Pickles C, Kelly AM, Lu M, Ruan YL, Trethowan R, Atkin OK. Wheat photosystem II heat tolerance: evidence for genotype-by-environment interactions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1368-1382. [PMID: 35781899 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High temperature stress inhibits photosynthesis and threatens wheat production. One measure of photosynthetic heat tolerance is Tcrit - the critical temperature at which incipient damage to photosystem II (PSII) occurs. This trait could be improved in wheat by exploiting genetic variation and genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI). Flag leaf Tcrit of 54 wheat genotypes was evaluated in 12 thermal environments over 3 years in Australia, and analysed using linear mixed models to assess GEI effects. Nine of the 12 environments had significant genetic effects and highly variable broad-sense heritability (H2 ranged from 0.15 to 0.75). Tcrit GEI was variable, with 55.6% of the genetic variance across environments accounted for by the factor analytic model. Mean daily growth temperature in the month preceding anthesis was the most influential environmental driver of Tcrit GEI, suggesting biochemical, physiological and structural adjustments to temperature requiring different durations to manifest. These changes help protect or repair PSII upon exposure to heat stress, and may improve carbon assimilation under high temperature. To support breeding efforts to improve wheat performance under high temperature, we identified genotypes superior to commercial cultivars commonly grown by farmers, and demonstrated potential for developing genotypes with greater photosynthetic heat tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onoriode Coast
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, Faculty of Science Agriculture Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Bradley C Posch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Bethany G Rognoni
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Leslie Research Facility, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Helen Bramley
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW, 2390, Australia
| | - Oorbessy Gaju
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Lincoln Institute of Agri-Food Technology, University of Lincoln, Riseholme Park, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN2 2LG, UK
| | - John Mackenzie
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Claire Pickles
- Birchip Cropping Group, 73 Cumming Avenue, Birchip, VIC, 3483, Australia
| | - Alison M Kelly
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Leslie Research Facility, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Meiqin Lu
- Australian Grain Technologies, 12656 Newell Highway, Narrabri, NSW, 2390, Australia
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Richard Trethowan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW, 2390, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Silva-Perez V, Shunmugam ASK, Rao S, Cossani CM, Tefera AT, Fitzgerald GJ, Armstrong R, Rosewarne GM. Breeding has selected for architectural and photosynthetic traits in lentils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:925987. [PMID: 36092438 PMCID: PMC9453451 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.925987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genetic progress in seed yield in lentils (Lens culinaris Medik) has increased by 1.1% per year in Australia over the past 27 years. Knowing which plant traits have changed through breeding during this time can give important insights as to how lentil yield has increased. This study aims to identify morphological and physiological traits that were directly or indirectly selected between 1993 and 2020 in the Australian lentil breeding program using 2 years of experimental data. Major changes occurred in plant architecture during this period. Divergent selection has seen the release of varieties that have sprawling to very upright types of canopies. Despite this genetic diversity in recently released varieties, there is an overall tendency of recently released varieties having increased plant height and leaf size with reduced number of branches. Increased light interception was positively correlated with year of release (YOR) and yield, and likely results from indirect selection of yield and taller plant types. There is an indication that recently released varieties have lower CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and canopy temperature depression (CTD) at high ambient temperatures (~30°C). Understanding lentil physiology will assist in identifying traits to increase yield in a changing climate with extreme weather events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - C. Mariano Cossani
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, South Australian Research and Development Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | | | - Glenn J. Fitzgerald
- Agriculture Victoria, Horsham, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger Armstrong
- Agriculture Victoria, Horsham, VIC, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang X, Hua Y, Liu Y, He M, Ju Z, Dai X. Wide belt sowing improves the grain yield of bread wheat by maintaining grain weight at the backdrop of increases in spike number. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:992772. [PMID: 36061798 PMCID: PMC9433909 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the seeding belt width from 2 to 3 cm (conventional drilling sowing, CD) to 8-10 cm (wide belt sowing, WB) can markedly improve the grain yield of bread wheat. However, there are insufficient data to explain how WB affects dry matter (DM) remobilization, pre- and post-anthesis production, and ultimately grain weight and grain yield. In the present study, four bread wheat cultivars (Jimai44, Taishan27, Gaoyou5766, and Zhouyuan9369) with similar phenology characteristic were selected as experimental materials and two sowing patterns (CD and WB) were applied during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons, to investigate the effects of sowing pattern on grain yield and its components of bread wheat. The results showed that WB increased the post-anthesis rate of canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP) in comparison with CD, by 19.73-133.68%, across the two seasons and four bread wheat cultivars. Furthermore, WB significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, and decreased the malondialdehyde content of the flag and penultimate leaf, thereby extending the duration of the high-value CAP period by 1.95-2.51 days. The improved rate and duration of CAP in WB led to an increase in post-anthesis DM production of 13.33-23.58%, thus ensuring DM distribution to the grain of each bread wheat cultivar. Consequently, in WB, the grain weight was maintained, the grain yield was increased markedly by 9.65-15.80%, at the backdrop of increases in spike number and in turn grain number per unit area. In summary, WB could be applied widely to obtain a high yield of bread wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural of Affairs, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yifan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural of Affairs, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yunjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural of Affairs, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Mingrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural of Affairs, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zhengchun Ju
- Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan, China
| | - Xinglong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural of Affairs, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Harbinson J, Yin X. Modelling the impact of improved photosynthetic properties on crop performance in Europe. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Harbinson
- Laboratory for Biophysics Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis Department of Plant Sciences Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Perera-Castro AV, González-Rodríguez ÁM, Fernández-Marín B. When time is not of the essence: constraints to the carbon balance of bryophytes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4562-4575. [PMID: 35298628 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The data available so far indicate that the photosynthetic and relative growth rates of bryophytes are 10% of those reported for tracheophytes. By examining the existing literature and reanalysing data published in over 100 studies, this review examines the ecophysiological, biochemical, and structural reasons behind this phenomenon. The limiting Rubisco content and surface for gas exchange are the internal factors that can explain the low photosynthetic and growth rates of bryophytes. The role of the thicker cell walls of bryophytes in limiting CO2 diffusion is unclear, due to the current uncertainties regarding their porosity and permeability to CO2. From this review, it is also evident that, despite bryophytes having low photosynthetic rates, their positive carbon balance is tightly related to their capacity to deal with extreme conditions. Contributing factors include their capacity to deal with large daily temperature oscillations, and their capacity to delay the cessation of photosynthesis under water deficit (or to tolerate desiccation in extreme situations). Although further studies on bryophytes are needed before more solid conclusions can be drawn, it seems that their success relies on their remarkable tolerance to a highly variable environment, possibly at the expense of their maximum photosynthetic rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia V Perera-Castro
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Águeda M González-Rodríguez
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tantray AY, Hazzazi Y, Ahmad A. Physiological, Agronomical, and Proteomic Studies Reveal Crucial Players in Rice Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Low Nitrogen Supply. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126410. [PMID: 35742855 PMCID: PMC9224494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers to enhance rice productivity has become a significant source of nitrogen (N) pollution and reduced sustainable agriculture. However, little information about the physiology of different growth stages, agronomic traits, and associated genetic bases of N use efficiency (NUE) are available at low-N supply. Two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars were grown with optimum N (120 kg ha−1) and low N (60 kg ha−1) supply. Six growth stages were analyzed to measure the growth and physiological traits, as well as the differential proteomic profiles, of the rice cultivars. Cultivar Panvel outclassed Nagina 22 at low-N supply and exhibited improved growth and physiology at most of the growth stages and agronomic efficiency due to higher N uptake and utilization at low-N supply. On average, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, plant biomass, leaf N content, and grain yield were decreased in cultivar Nagina 22 than Panvel was 8%, 11%, 21%, 19%, and 22%, respectively, under low-N supply. Furthermore, proteome analyses revealed that many proteins were upregulated and downregulated at the different growth stages under low-N supply. These proteins are associated with N and carbon metabolism and other physiological processes. This supports the genotypic differences in photosynthesis, N assimilation, energy stabilization, and rice-protein yield. Our study suggests that enhancing NUE at low-N supply demands distinct modifications in N metabolism and physiological assimilation. The NUE may be regulated by key identified differentially expressed proteins. These proteins might be the targets for improving crop NUE at low-N supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Yousuf Tantray
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Yehia Hazzazi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK;
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li YT, Li Y, Song JM, Guo QH, Yang C, Zhao WJ, Wang JY, Luo J, Xu YN, Zhang Q, Ding XY, Liang Y, Li YN, Feng QL, Liu P, Gao HY, Li G, Zhao SJ, Zhang ZS. Has breeding altered the light environment, photosynthetic apparatus, and photosynthetic capacity of wheat leaves? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3205-3220. [PMID: 34758079 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Whether photosynthesis has improved with increasing yield in major crops remains controversial. Research in this area has often neglected to account for differences in light intensity experienced by cultivars released in different years. Light intensity is expected to be positively associated with photosynthetic capacity and the resistance of the photosynthetic apparatus to high light but negatively associated with light-utilization efficiency under low light. Here, we analyzed the light environment, photosynthetic activity, and protein components of leaves of 26 winter wheat cultivars released during the past 60 years in China. Over time, light levels on flag leaves significantly decreased due to architectural changes, but photosynthetic rates under high or low light and the resistance of the photosynthetic apparatus to high light remained steady, contrary to expectations. We propose that the difference between the actual and expected trends is due to breeding. Specifically, breeding has optimized photosynthetic performance under high light rather than low light. Moreover, breeding selectivity altered the stoichiometry of several proteins related to dynamic photosynthesis, canopy light distribution, and photoprotection. These results indicate that breeding has significantly altered the photosynthetic mechanism in wheat and its response to the light environment. These changes likely have helped increase wheat yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Jian-Min Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize and Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Qian-Huan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province, 450002, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang, College of Grassland and Environment Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Jun-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Jiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Yan-Ni Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Xin-Yu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Yue-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Geng Li
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Zi-Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yin X, Gu J, Dingkuhn M, Struik PC. A model-guided holistic review of exploiting natural variation of photosynthesis traits in crop improvement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3173-3188. [PMID: 35323898 PMCID: PMC9126731 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Breeding for improved leaf photosynthesis is considered as a viable approach to increase crop yield. Whether it should be improved in combination with other traits has not been assessed critically. Based on the quantitative crop model GECROS that interconnects various traits to crop productivity, we review natural variation in relevant traits, from biochemical aspects of leaf photosynthesis to morpho-physiological crop characteristics. While large phenotypic variations (sometimes >2-fold) for leaf photosynthesis and its underlying biochemical parameters were reported, few quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, accounting for a small percentage of phenotypic variation. More QTL were reported for sink size (that feeds back on photosynthesis) or morpho-physiological traits (that affect canopy productivity and duration), together explaining a much greater percentage of their phenotypic variation. Traits for both photosynthetic rate and sustaining it during grain filling were strongly related to nitrogen-related traits. Much of the molecular basis of known photosynthesis QTL thus resides in genes controlling photosynthesis indirectly. Simulation using GECROS demonstrated the overwhelming importance of electron transport parameters, compared with the maximum Rubisco activity that largely determines the commonly studied light-saturated photosynthetic rate. Exploiting photosynthetic natural variation might significantly improve crop yield if nitrogen uptake, sink capacity, and other morpho-physiological traits are co-selected synergistically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Junfei Gu
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | | | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sales CRG, Molero G, Evans JR, Taylor SH, Joynson R, Furbank RT, Hall A, Carmo-Silva E. Phenotypic variation in photosynthetic traits in wheat grown under field versus glasshouse conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3221-3237. [PMID: 35271722 PMCID: PMC9126738 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of the untapped potential of photosynthesis to improve crop yields has spurred research to identify targets for breeding. The CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco is characterized by a number of inefficiencies, and frequently limits carbon assimilation at the top of the canopy, representing a clear target for wheat improvement. Two bread wheat lines with similar genetic backgrounds and contrasting in vivo maximum carboxylation activity of Rubisco per unit leaf nitrogen (Vc,max,25/Narea) determined using high-throughput phenotyping methods were selected for detailed study from a panel of 80 spring wheat lines. Detailed phenotyping of photosynthetic traits in the two lines using glasshouse-grown plants showed no difference in Vc,max,25/Narea determined directly via in vivo and in vitro methods. Detailed phenotyping of glasshouse-grown plants of the 80 wheat lines also showed no correlation between photosynthetic traits measured via high-throughput phenotyping of field-grown plants. Our findings suggest that the complex interplay between traits determining crop productivity and the dynamic environments experienced by field-grown plants needs to be considered in designing strategies for effective wheat crop yield improvement when breeding for particular environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R G Sales
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- Correspondence: or
| | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Int. Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
- KWS Momont Recherche, 7 rue de Martinval, 59246 Mons-en-Pévèle, France
| | - John R Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Samuel H Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Ryan Joynson
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UG, UK
- Limagrain Europe, CS 3911, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony Hall
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UG, UK
| | - Elizabete Carmo-Silva
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Long SP, Taylor SH, Burgess SJ, Carmo-Silva E, Lawson T, De Souza AP, Leonelli L, Wang Y. Into the Shadows and Back into Sunlight: Photosynthesis in Fluctuating Light. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:617-648. [PMID: 35595290 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070221-024745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is an important remaining opportunity for further improvement in the genetic yield potential of our major crops. Measurement, analysis, and improvement of leaf CO2 assimilation (A) have focused largely on photosynthetic rates under light-saturated steady-state conditions. However, in modern crop canopies of several leaf layers, light is rarely constant, and the majority of leaves experience marked light fluctuations throughout the day. It takes several minutes for photosynthesis to regain efficiency in both sun-shade and shade-sun transitions, costing a calculated 10-40% of potential crop CO2 assimilation. Transgenic manipulations to accelerate the adjustment in sun-shade transitions have already shown a substantial productivity increase in field trials. Here, we explore means to further accelerate these adjustments and minimize these losses through transgenic manipulation, gene editing, and exploitation of natural variation. Measurement andanalysis of photosynthesis in sun-shade and shade-sun transitions are explained. Factors limiting speeds of adjustment and how they could be modified to effect improved efficiency are reviewed, specifically nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), Rubisco activation, and stomatal responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Long
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel H Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Burgess
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | | | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda P De Souza
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Lauriebeth Leonelli
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lopez MA, Moreira FF, Hearst A, Cherkauer K, Rainey KM. Physiological breeding for yield improvement in soybean: solar radiation interception-conversion, and harvest index. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:1477-1491. [PMID: 35275253 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Efficiency of light interception, Radiation use efficiency and harvest index can be used as targets to improve grain yield potential in soybean. Grain yield (GY) production can be expressed as the result of three main efficiencies: light interception (Ei), radiation use (RUE), and harvest index (HI). Although dissecting GY through these three efficiencies is not entirely new, there is a lack of knowledge about the phenotypic variation, the genetic architecture, and the relative contribution of these three efficiencies on GY in soybean. This knowledge gap coupled with laborious phenotyping prevents the active consideration of these efficiencies into breeding programs. This study aims to reveal the phenotypic variation, heritability, genetic relationships, genetic architecture, and genomic prediction for Ei, RUE, and HI in soybean. We evaluated a maturity control panel of 383 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) selected from the soybean nested association mapping (SoyNAM) population. Dry matter ground measured along with canopy coverage (CC) from UAS imagery were collected in three environments. Light interception was modeled through a logistic curve using CC as a proxy. The total above-ground biomass collected during the growing season and its respective cumulative light intercepted were used to derive RUE through linear models fitting. Additive-genetic correlations, genome-wide association (GWA) and whole-genome regressions (WGR) were performed to evaluate the relationship between traits, their association with genomic regions, and the feasibility of predicting these efficiencies with genomic information. Correlation analyses considered three groups: the entire data set, and the high- and low-yielding RILs to determine association as a function of the GY. Our results revealed moderate to high phenotypic variation for Ei, RUE, and HI with ranges of 8.5%, 1.1 g MJ-1, and 0.2, respectively. Additive-genetic correlation revealed a strong relationship of GY with HI and moderate with RUE and Ei when whole data set was considered, but negligible contribution of HI on GY when just the top 100 was analyzed. The GWA analyses showed that Ei is associated with three SNPs; two of them located on chromosome 7 and one on chromosome 11 with no previous quantitative trait loci (QTLs) reported for these regions. RUE is associated with four SNPs on chromosomes 1, 7, 11, and 18. Some of these QTLs are novel, while others are previously documented for plant architecture and chlorophyll content. Two SNPs positioned on chromosome 13 and 15 with previous QTLs reported for plant height and seed set, weight and abortion were associated with HI. WGR showed high predictive ability for Ei, RUE, and HI with maximum correlation ranging between 0.75 and 0.80. Future improvements in GY can be expected through strategies prioritizing Ei for short-term results when using high yielding germplasm and RUE for medium- and long-term outcomes. This work is a pioneer attempt to integrate traditional physiological traits into the breeding process in the context of physiological breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony Hearst
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Keith Cherkauer
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Javed T, I I, Singhal RK, Shabbir R, Shah AN, Kumar P, Jinger D, Dharmappa PM, Shad MA, Saha D, Anuragi H, Adamski R, Siuta D. Recent Advances in Agronomic and Physio-Molecular Approaches for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:877544. [PMID: 35574130 PMCID: PMC9106419 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency with which plants use nutrients to create biomass and/or grain is determined by the interaction of environmental and plant intrinsic factors. The major macronutrients, especially nitrogen (N), limit plant growth and development (1.5-2% of dry biomass) and have a direct impact on global food supply, fertilizer demand, and concern with environmental health. In the present time, the global consumption of N fertilizer is nearly 120 MT (million tons), and the N efficiency ranges from 25 to 50% of applied N. The dynamic range of ideal internal N concentrations is extremely large, necessitating stringent management to ensure that its requirements are met across various categories of developmental and environmental situations. Furthermore, approximately 60 percent of arable land is mineral deficient and/or mineral toxic around the world. The use of chemical fertilizers adds to the cost of production for the farmers and also increases environmental pollution. Therefore, the present study focused on the advancement in fertilizer approaches, comprising the use of biochar, zeolite, and customized nano and bio-fertilizers which had shown to be effective in improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) with lower soil degradation. Consequently, adopting precision farming, crop modeling, and the use of remote sensing technologies such as chlorophyll meters, leaf color charts, etc. assist in reducing the application of N fertilizer. This study also discussed the role of crucial plant attributes such as root structure architecture in improving the uptake and transport of N efficiency. The crosstalk of N with other soil nutrients plays a crucial role in nutrient homeostasis, which is also discussed thoroughly in this analysis. At the end, this review highlights the more efficient and accurate molecular strategies and techniques such as N transporters, transgenes, and omics, which are opening up intriguing possibilities for the detailed investigation of the molecular components that contribute to nitrogen utilization efficiency, thus expanding our knowledge of plant nutrition for future global food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Indu I
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singhal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Rubab Shabbir
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Seed Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, India
| | - Dinesh Jinger
- Research Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Anand, India
| | - Prathibha M. Dharmappa
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Munsif Ali Shad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Debanjana Saha
- Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, India
| | - Hirdayesh Anuragi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Robert Adamski
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Dorota Siuta
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Robles-Zazueta CA, Pinto F, Molero G, Foulkes MJ, Reynolds MP, Murchie EH. Prediction of Photosynthetic, Biophysical, and Biochemical Traits in Wheat Canopies to Reduce the Phenotyping Bottleneck. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:828451. [PMID: 35481146 PMCID: PMC9036448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.828451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To achieve food security, it is necessary to increase crop radiation use efficiency (RUE) and yield through the enhancement of canopy photosynthesis to increase the availability of assimilates for the grain, but its study in the field is constrained by low throughput and the lack of integrative measurements at canopy level. In this study, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used with high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) data in spring wheat to build predictive models of photosynthetic, biophysical, and biochemical traits for the top, middle, and bottom layers of wheat canopies. The combined layer model predictions performed better than individual layer predictions with a significance as follows for photosynthesis R 2 = 0.48, RMSE = 5.24 μmol m-2 s-1 and stomatal conductance: R 2 = 0.36, RMSE = 0.14 mol m-2 s-1. The predictions of these traits from PLSR models upscaled to canopy level compared to field observations were statistically significant at initiation of booting (R 2 = 0.3, p < 0.05; R 2 = 0.29, p < 0.05) and at 7 days after anthesis (R 2 = 0.15, p < 0.05; R 2 = 0.65, p < 0.001). Using HTP allowed us to increase phenotyping capacity 30-fold compared to conventional phenotyping methods. This approach can be adapted to screen breeding progeny and genetic resources for RUE and to improve our understanding of wheat physiology by adding different layers of the canopy to physiological modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Robles-Zazueta
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Francisco Pinto
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Gemma Molero
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - M. John Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Leigh FJ, Wright TIC, Horsnell RA, Dyer S, Bentley AR. Progenitor species hold untapped diversity for potential climate-responsive traits for use in wheat breeding and crop improvement. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:291-303. [PMID: 35383318 PMCID: PMC9076643 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change will have numerous impacts on crop production worldwide necessitating a broadening of the germplasm base required to source and incorporate novel traits. Major variation exists in crop progenitor species for seasonal adaptation, photosynthetic characteristics, and root system architecture. Wheat is crucial for securing future food and nutrition security and its evolutionary history and progenitor diversity offer opportunities to mine favourable functional variation in the primary gene pool. Here we provide a review of the status of characterisation of wheat progenitor variation and the potential to use this knowledge to inform the use of variation in other cereal crops. Although significant knowledge of progenitor variation has been generated, we make recommendations for further work required to systematically characterise underlying genetics and physiological mechanisms and propose steps for effective use in breeding. This will enable targeted exploitation of useful variation, supported by the growing portfolio of genomics and accelerated breeding approaches. The knowledge and approaches generated are also likely to be useful across wider crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Leigh
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Tally I C Wright
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Richard A Horsnell
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Sarah Dyer
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Alison R Bentley
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK. .,International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fei L, Chu J, Zhang X, Dong S, Dai X, He M. Physiological and Proteomic Analyses Indicate Delayed Sowing Improves Photosynthetic Capacity in Wheat Flag Leaves Under Heat Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:848464. [PMID: 35401629 PMCID: PMC8988879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.848464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Climate warming has become an indisputable fact, and wheat is among the most heat-sensitive cereal crops. Heat stress during grain filling threatens global wheat production and food security. Here, we analyzed the physiological and proteomic changes by delayed sowing on the photosynthetic capacity of winter wheat leaves under heat stress. Our aim is to provide a new cultivation way for the heat stress resistance in wheat. METHODS Through 2 years field experiment and an open warming simulation system, we compared the changes in wheat grain weight, yield, photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under heat stress at late grain-filling stage during normal sowing and delayed sowing. At the same time, based on the iTRAQ proteomics, we compared the changes of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) during the two sowing periods under high temperature stress. KEY RESULTS In our study, compared with normal sowing, delayed sowing resulted in a significantly higher photosynthetic rate during the grain-filling stage under heat stress, as well as significantly increased grain weight and yield at maturity. The chlorophyll a fluorescence transient (OJIP) analysis showed that delayed sowing significantly reduced the J-step and I-step. Moreover, OJIP parameters, including RC/CSm, TRo/CSm, ETo/CSm, DIo/CSm and ΦPo, ψo, ΦEo, were significantly increased; DIo/CSm and ΦDo, were significantly reduced. GO biological process and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that, among DEPs, proteins involved in photosynthetic electron transport were significantly increased and among photosynthetic metabolic pathways, we have observed upregulated proteins, such as PsbH, PsbR, and PetB. CONCLUSION Physiological and proteomic analyses indicate delaying the sowing date of winter wheat reduced heat dissipation by enhancing the scavenging capacity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in flag leaves, and ensuring energy transmission along the photosynthetic electron transport chain; this increased the distribution ratio of available energy in photochemical reactions and maintained a high photosynthetic system assimilation capacity, which supported a high photosynthetic rate. Hence, delayed sowing may represent a new cultivation strategy for promoting heat stress tolerance in winter wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Fei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinpeng Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Shuxin Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xinglong Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mingrong He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tanaka M, Keira M, Yoon DK, Mae T, Ishida H, Makino A, Ishiyama K. Photosynthetic Enhancement, Lifespan Extension, and Leaf Area Enlargement in Flag Leaves Increased the Yield of Transgenic Rice Plants Overproducing Rubisco Under Sufficient N Fertilization. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:10. [PMID: 35138458 PMCID: PMC8828814 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvement in photosynthesis is one of the most promising approaches to increase grain yields. Transgenic rice plants overproducing Rubisco by 30% (RBCS-sense rice plants) showed up to 28% increase in grain yields under sufficient nitrogen (N) fertilization using an isolated experimental paddy field (Yoon et al. in Nat Food 1:134-139, 2020). The plant N contents above-ground sections and Rubisco contents of the flag leaves were higher in the RBCS-sense plants than in the wild-type rice plants during the ripening period, which may be reasons for the increased yields. However, some imprecise points were left in the previous research, such as contributions of photosynthesis of leaves below the flag leaves to the yield, and maintenance duration of high photosynthesis of RBCS-sense rice plants during ripening periods. RESULT In this research, the photosynthetic capacity and canopy architecture were analyzed to explore factors for the increased yields of RBCS-sense rice plants. It was found that N had already been preferentially distributed into the flag leaves at the early ripening stage, contributing to maintaining higher Rubisco content levels in the enlarged flag leaves and extending the lifespan of the flag leaves of RBCS-sense rice plants throughout ripening periods under sufficient N fertilization. The higher amounts of Rubisco also improved the photosynthetic activity in the flag leaves throughout the ripening period. Although the enlarged flag leaves of the RBCS-sense rice plants occupied large spatial areas of the uppermost layer in the canopy, no significant prevention of light penetration to leaves below the flag leaves was observed. Additionally, since the CO2 assimilation rates of lower leaves between wild-type and RBCS-sense rice plants were the same at the early ripening stage, the lower leaves did not contribute to an increase in yields of the RBCS-sense rice plants. CONCLUSION We concluded that improvements in the photosynthetic capacity by higher leaf N and Rubisco contents, enlarged leaf area and extended lifespan of flag leaves led to an increase in grain yields of RBCS-sense rice plants grown under sufficient N fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Mamoru Keira
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Dong-Kyung Yoon
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Mae
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Keiki Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Taylor SH, Gonzalez-Escobar E, Page R, Parry MAJ, Long SP, Carmo-Silva E. Faster than expected Rubisco deactivation in shade reduces cowpea photosynthetic potential in variable light conditions. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:118-124. [PMID: 35058608 PMCID: PMC8863576 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea is the major source of vegetable protein for rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa and average yields are not keeping pace with population growth. Each day, crop leaves experience many shade events and the speed of photosynthetic adjustment to this dynamic environment strongly affects daily carbon gain. Rubisco activity is particularly important because it depends on the speed and extent of deactivation in shade and recovers slowly on return to sun. Here, direct biochemical measurements showed a much faster rate of Rubisco deactivation in cowpea than prior estimates inferred from dynamics of leaf gas exchange in other species1-3. Shade-induced deactivation was driven by decarbamylation, and half-times for both deactivation in shade and activation in saturating light were shorter than estimates from gas exchange (≤53% and 79%, respectively). Incorporating these half-times into a model of diurnal canopy photosynthesis predicted a 21% diurnal loss of productivity and suggests slowing Rubisco deactivation during shade is an unexploited opportunity for improving crop productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Rhiannon Page
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Martin A J Parry
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Stephen P Long
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Sciences, Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
del Pozo A, Jobet C, Matus I, Méndez-Espinoza AM, Garriga M, Castillo D, Elazab A. Genetic Yield Gains and Changes in Morphophysiological-Related Traits of Winter Wheat in Southern Chilean High-Yielding Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:732988. [PMID: 35046968 PMCID: PMC8761861 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.732988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Both the temperate-humid zone and the southern part of the Mediterranean climate region of Chile are characterized by high wheat productivity. Study objectives were to analyze the yield potential, yield progress, and genetic progress of the winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and changes in agronomic and morphophysiological traits during the past 60 years. Thus, two field experiments: (a) yield potential and (b) yield genetic progress trials were conducted in high-yielding environments of central-southern Chile during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. In addition, yield progress was analyzed using yield historical data of a high-yielding environment from 1957 to 2017. Potential yield trials showed that, at the most favorable sites, grain yield reached ∼20.46 Mg ha-1. The prolonged growing and grain filling period, mild temperatures in December-January, ample water availability, and favorable soil conditions explain this high-potential yield. Yield progress analysis indicated that average grain yield increased from 2.70 Mg ha-1 in 1959 to 12.90 Mg ha-1 in 2017, with a 128.8 kg ha-1 per-year increase due to favorable soil and climatic conditions. For genetic progress trials, genetic gain in grain yield from 1965 to 2019 was 70.20 kg ha-1 (0.49%) per year, representing around 55% of the yield progress. Results revealed that the genetic gains in grain yield were related to increases in biomass partitioning toward reproductive organs, without significant increases in Shoot DW production. In addition, reducing trends in the NDVI, the fraction of intercepted PAR, the intercepted PAR (form emergence to heading), and the RGB-derived vegetation indices with the year of cultivar release were detected. These decreases could be due to the erectophile leaf habit, which enhanced photosynthetic activity, and thus grain yield increased. Also, senescence of bottom canopy leaves (starting from booting) could be involved by decreasing the ability of spectral and RGB-derived vegetation indices to capture the characteristics of green biomass after the booting stage. Contrary, a positive correlation was detected for intercepted PAR from heading to maturity, which could be due to a stay-green mechanism, supported by the trend of positive correlations of Chlorophyll content with the year of cultivar release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro del Pozo
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Claudio Jobet
- CRI-Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Temuco, Chile
| | - Iván Matus
- CRI-Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chillán, Chile
| | - Ana María Méndez-Espinoza
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- CRI-Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Osorno, Chile
| | - Miguel Garriga
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Dalma Castillo
- CRI-Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chillán, Chile
| | - Abdelhalim Elazab
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yan Y, Hou P, Duan F, Niu L, Dai T, Wang K, Zhao M, Li S, Zhou W. Improving photosynthesis to increase grain yield potential: an analysis of maize hybrids released in different years in China. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:295-311. [PMID: 34032983 PMCID: PMC8556214 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we sought to understand how breeding has affected photosynthesis and to identify key photosynthetic indices that are important for increasing maize yield in the field. Our 2-year (2017-2018) field experiment used five high-yielding hybrid maize cultivars (generated in the 1970s, 2000s, and 2010s) and was conducted in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. We investigated the effects of planting density on maize grain yield, photosynthetic parameters, respiration, and chlorophyll content, under three planting density regimens: 75,000, 105,000, and 135,000 plants ha-1. Our results showed that increasing planting density to the medium level (105,000 plants ha-1) significantly increased grain yield (Y) up to 20.32% compared to the low level (75,000 plants ha-1). However, further increasing planting density to 135,000 plants ha-1 did not lead to an additional increase in yield, with some cultivars actually exhibiting an opposite trend. Interestingly, no significant changes in photosynthetic rate, dark respiration, stomatal density, and aperture were observed upon increasing planting density. Moreover, our experiments revealed a positive correlation between grain yield and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) upon the hybrid release year. Compared to other cultivars, the higher grain yield obtained in DH618 resulted from a higher 1000-kernel weight (TKW), which can be explained by a longer photosynthetic duration, a higher chlorophyll content, and a lower ratio of chlorophyll a/b. Moreover, we found that a higher leaf area per plant and the leaf area index (HI) do not necessarily result in an improvement in maize yield. Taken together, we demonstrated that higher photosynthetic capacity, longer photosynthetic duration, suitable LAI, and higher chlorophyll content with lower chlorophyll a/b ratio are important factors for obtaining high-yielding maize cultivars and can be used for the improvement of maize crop yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Hou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fengying Duan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li Niu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Keru Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaokun Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yan Y, Hou P, Duan F, Niu L, Dai T, Wang K, Zhao M, Li S, Zhou W. Improving photosynthesis to increase grain yield potential: an analysis of maize hybrids released in different years in China. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021. [PMID: 34032983 DOI: 10.100/s11120-021-00847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we sought to understand how breeding has affected photosynthesis and to identify key photosynthetic indices that are important for increasing maize yield in the field. Our 2-year (2017-2018) field experiment used five high-yielding hybrid maize cultivars (generated in the 1970s, 2000s, and 2010s) and was conducted in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. We investigated the effects of planting density on maize grain yield, photosynthetic parameters, respiration, and chlorophyll content, under three planting density regimens: 75,000, 105,000, and 135,000 plants ha-1. Our results showed that increasing planting density to the medium level (105,000 plants ha-1) significantly increased grain yield (Y) up to 20.32% compared to the low level (75,000 plants ha-1). However, further increasing planting density to 135,000 plants ha-1 did not lead to an additional increase in yield, with some cultivars actually exhibiting an opposite trend. Interestingly, no significant changes in photosynthetic rate, dark respiration, stomatal density, and aperture were observed upon increasing planting density. Moreover, our experiments revealed a positive correlation between grain yield and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) upon the hybrid release year. Compared to other cultivars, the higher grain yield obtained in DH618 resulted from a higher 1000-kernel weight (TKW), which can be explained by a longer photosynthetic duration, a higher chlorophyll content, and a lower ratio of chlorophyll a/b. Moreover, we found that a higher leaf area per plant and the leaf area index (HI) do not necessarily result in an improvement in maize yield. Taken together, we demonstrated that higher photosynthetic capacity, longer photosynthetic duration, suitable LAI, and higher chlorophyll content with lower chlorophyll a/b ratio are important factors for obtaining high-yielding maize cultivars and can be used for the improvement of maize crop yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Hou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fengying Duan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li Niu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Keru Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaokun Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen M, Liang F, Yan Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Tian J, Jiang C, Zhang W. Boll-leaf system gas exchange and its application in the analysis of cotton photosynthetic function. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:251-262. [PMID: 34165685 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Estimating the boll development and boll yield from single-leaf photosynthesis is difficult as the source-sink relationship of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is complicated. As the boll-leaf system (BLS), which includes the main-stem leaf, sympodial leaf, and non-leaf organs, is the basic unit of the cotton source-sink relationship and yield formation, the concept of "BLS photosynthesis" is introduced in this study. We speculate that the characteristics of BLS gas exchange can more accurately reflect the photosynthetic function of the system, thus revealing the law of photosynthesis in the process of boll development. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate of single leaves measured by a BLS chamber was consistent with that measured by a standard single-leaf chamber. BLSs exhibited typical light response curves, and the shape of the curves was similar to those of single leaves. The light compensation point and respiration rate of BLSs were higher than those of single leaves, while the apparent quantum efficiency of BLSs was lower. Compared with single leaves, the duration of the photosynthetic function of BLSs was longer. Increasing plant density decreased the gas exchange rate per unit BLS more significantly under field conditions. There was a better linear correlation between the net CO2 assimilation rate, respiration rate of BLSs and boll biomass. Therefore, we think that the gas exchange of BLSs can better reveal the changes in photosynthetic function of BLSs and boll development. This provides a new basis for analyzing the mechanism and regulation of cotton yield formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Fubin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Yinhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jingshan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Chuangdao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wangfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Paul MJ. What are the regulatory targets for intervention in assimilate partitioning to improve crop yield and resilience? JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153537. [PMID: 34619557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose utilisation for the synthesis of cellular components involved in growth and development and the accumulation of biomass determines diversity in the plant kingdom; sucrose utilisation and partitioning also underpin crop yields. As a complex process the use of sucrose for the partitioning of plant products for yield is decided by the interaction of several regulatory hubs and the integration of metabolism and development. Understanding the regulation of assimilate partitioning has been a grand challenge in plant and crop science. There are emerging examples of genes and processes that appear important for assimilate partitioning that underpin yield in crops and which are amenable to intervention. Enzymes of carbon metabolism were some of the first targets in attempts to modify assimilate partitioning at the beginning (source) and end (sink) of the whole plant assimilate partitioning process. Metabolic enzymes are subject to regulatory and homeostatic mechanisms, a key factor to consider in modifying assimilate partitioning. Trehalose 6-phosphate, as a sucrose signal, may represent a special case in its ability to regulate and coordinate source and sink processes. This review summarises recent progress in understanding the underlying regulators of assimilate partitioning and the current and potentially most promising routes to crop yield enhancement with a main focus on cereals. A framework for how source-sink may regulate whole plant assimilate partitioning involving a few key elements and the central importance of reproductive development is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kang H, Zhu T, Zhang Y, Ke X, Sun W, Hu Z, Zhu X, Shen H, Huang Y, Tang Y. Elevated CO 2 Enhances Dynamic Photosynthesis in Rice and Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:727374. [PMID: 34659292 PMCID: PMC8517259 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.727374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crops developed under elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) exhibit enhanced leaf photosynthesis under steady states. However, little is known about the effect of eCO2 on dynamic photosynthesis and the relative contribution of the short-term (substrate) and long-term (acclimation) effects of eCO2. We grew an Oryza sativa japonica cultivar and a Triticum aestivum cultivar under 400 μmol CO2 mol-1 air (ambient, A) and 600 μmol CO2 mol-1 air (elevated, E). Regardless of growth [CO2], the photosynthetic responses to the sudden increase and decrease in light intensity were characterized under 400 (a) or 600 μmol CO2 mol-1 air (e). The Aa, Ae, Ea, and Ee treatments were employed to quantify the acclimation effect (Ae vs. Ee and Aa vs. Ea) and substrate effect (Aa vs. Ae and Ea vs. Ee). In comparison with the Aa treatment, both the steady-state photosynthetic rate (P N) and induction state (IS) were higher under the Ae and Ee treatments but lower under the Ea treatment in both species. However, IS reached at the 60 sec after the increase in light intensity, the time required for photosynthetic induction, and induction efficiency under Ae and Ee treatment did not differ significantly from those under Aa treatment. The substrate effect increased the accumulative carbon gain (ACG) during photosynthetic induction by 45.5% in rice and by 39.3% in wheat, whereas the acclimation effect decreased the ACG by 18.3% in rice but increased it by 7.5% in wheat. Thus, eCO2, either during growth or at measurement, enhances the dynamic photosynthetic carbon gain in both crop species. This indicates that photosynthetic carbon loss due to an induction limitation may be reduced in the future, under a high-CO2 world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huixing Kang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Ke
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghua Hu
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinguang Zhu
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sales CRG, Wang Y, Evers JB, Kromdijk J. Improving C4 photosynthesis to increase productivity under optimal and suboptimal conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5942-5960. [PMID: 34268575 PMCID: PMC8411859 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although improving photosynthetic efficiency is widely recognized as an underutilized strategy to increase crop yields, research in this area is strongly biased towards species with C3 photosynthesis relative to C4 species. Here, we outline potential strategies for improving C4 photosynthesis to increase yields in crops by reviewing the major bottlenecks limiting the C4 NADP-malic enzyme pathway under optimal and suboptimal conditions. Recent experimental results demonstrate that steady-state C4 photosynthesis under non-stressed conditions can be enhanced by increasing Rubisco content or electron transport capacity, both of which may also stimulate CO2 assimilation at supraoptimal temperatures. Several additional putative bottlenecks for photosynthetic performance under drought, heat, or chilling stress or during photosynthetic induction await further experimental verification. Based on source-sink interactions in maize, sugarcane, and sorghum, alleviating these photosynthetic bottlenecks during establishment and growth of the harvestable parts are likely to improve yield. The expected benefits are also shown to be augmented by the increasing trend in planting density, which increases the impact of photosynthetic source limitation on crop yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R G Sales
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jochem B Evers
- Centre for Crops Systems Analysis (WUR), Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Joynson R, Molero G, Coombes B, Gardiner L, Rivera‐Amado C, Piñera‐Chávez FJ, Evans JR, Furbank RT, Reynolds MP, Hall A. Uncovering candidate genes involved in photosynthetic capacity using unexplored genetic variation in Spring Wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1537-1552. [PMID: 33638599 PMCID: PMC8384606 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To feed an ever-increasing population we must leverage advances in genomics and phenotyping to harness the variation in wheat breeding populations for traits like photosynthetic capacity which remains unoptimized. Here we survey a diverse set of wheat germplasm containing elite, introgression and synthetic derivative lines uncovering previously uncharacterized variation. We demonstrate how strategic integration of exotic material alleviates the D genome genetic bottleneck in wheat, increasing SNP rate by 62% largely due to Ae. tauschii synthetic wheat donors. Across the panel, 67% of the Ae. tauschii donor genome is represented as introgressions in elite backgrounds. We show how observed genetic variation together with hyperspectral reflectance data can be used to identify candidate genes for traits relating to photosynthetic capacity using association analysis. This demonstrates the value of genomic methods in uncovering hidden variation in wheat and how that variation can assist breeding efforts and increase our understanding of complex traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Molero
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | | | | | - Carolina Rivera‐Amado
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | | | - John R. Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational PhotosynthesisAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Robert T. Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational PhotosynthesisAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ferguson JN, Tidy AC, Murchie EH, Wilson ZA. The potential of resilient carbon dynamics for stabilizing crop reproductive development and productivity during heat stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2066-2089. [PMID: 33538010 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Impaired carbon metabolism and reproductive development constrain crop productivity during heat stress. Reproductive development is energy intensive, and its requirement for respiratory substrates rises as associated metabolism increases with temperature. Understanding how these processes are integrated and the extent to which they contribute to the maintenance of yield during and following periods of elevated temperatures is important for developing climate-resilient crops. Recent studies are beginning to demonstrate links between processes underlying carbon dynamics and reproduction during heat stress, consequently a summation of research that has been reported thus far and an evaluation of purported associations are needed to guide and stimulate future research. To this end, we review recent studies relating to source-sink dynamics, non-foliar photosynthesis and net carbon gain as pivotal in understanding how to improve reproductive development and crop productivity during heat stress. Rapid and precise phenotyping during narrow phenological windows will be important for understanding mechanisms underlying these processes, thus we discuss the development of relevant high-throughput phenotyping approaches that will allow for more informed decision-making regarding future crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John N Ferguson
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison C Tidy
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| |
Collapse
|