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Serra S, Marzorati S, Szczepańska E, Strzała T, Boratyński F. Basidiomycota strains as whole-cell biocatalysts for the synthesis of high-value natural benzaldehydes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:113. [PMID: 38212964 PMCID: PMC10784365 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Substituted benzaldehydes are the most commonly used natural-occurring flavours in the world. The consumer's preference for 'natural or organic' aromas has increased the request for flavours possessing the 'natural' status. The resulting shortage of aromatic aldehydes of extractive origin, such as vanillin, veratraldehyde and piperonal, can be offset by developing a new biotechnological synthesis method. Here, we report a study on the microbiological reduction of five natural benzoic acid derivatives, namely p-anisic, vanillic, veratric, piperonylic and eudesmic acids, to produce the corresponding fragrant aldehydes. We found that different Basidiomycota strains can efficiently perform this transformation, with good chemical selectivity and tolerance to the toxicity of substrates and products. Besides confirming the carboxylic acid reductase activity of the already studied fungi Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, we discovered that other species such as Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus sapidus and Laetiporus sulphureus as well as the non-ligninolytic fungi Lepista nuda are valuable microorganisms for the synthesis of anisaldehyde, vanillin, veratraldehyde, piperonal and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde from the corresponding acids. According to our findings, we propose a reliable process for the preparation of the above-mentioned aldehydes, in natural form. KEY POINTS: • Fragrant benzaldehydes were obtained by biotransformation. • Basidiomycota strains reduced substituted benzoic acid to the corresponding aldehydes. • Anisaldehyde, vanillin, veratraldehyde, piperonal and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde were prepared in natural form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Serra
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Marzorati
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Ewa Szczepańska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Strzała
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Ul. Kożuchowska 7, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Filip Boratyński
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
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2
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Sutedja JC, Tjandra DC, Oden GF, DE Liyis BG. Resveratrol as an adjuvant prebiotic therapy in the management of pulmonary thromboembolism. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2024; 72:416-425. [PMID: 38305013 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.23.06455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) presents a grave threat to patient lives, often marked by arterial occlusion in the pulmonary vasculature, frequently stemming from deep vein thrombosis (DVT). While current anticoagulant therapies offer temporary relief, they fall short of addressing the long-term management of PTE. Notably, PTE-associated mortality rates continue to rise annually, positioning it as a crucial concern within the cardiovascular landscape. An intriguing suspect underlying compromised prognoses is the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and PTE outcomes. The gut-derived metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), has emerged as a direct contributor to accelerated thrombogenesis, thereby heightening PTE susceptibility. In pursuit of remedies, research has delved into diverse prebiotic and probiotic interventions, with Resveratrol (RSV) emerging as a promising candidate. This paper explores the potential of RSV, a polyphenolic compound, as an adjuvant prebiotic therapy. The proposed therapeutic approach not only augments anticoagulant potency through strategic pharmacokinetic interactions but also introduces a novel avenue for attenuating future PTE incidents through deliberate gut microbiome modulation. RSV's multifaceted attributes extend beyond its role in PTE prevention. Recognized for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardioprotective properties, RSV stands as a versatile therapeutic candidate. It exhibits the ability to curtail platelet aggregation, augment warfarin bioavailability, and mitigate pulmonary arterial wall thickening - an ensemble of effects that substantiate its potential as an adjunct prebiotic for PTE patients. This literature review weaves together the latest insights, culminating in a compelling proposition: RSV is an instrumental player in the trajectory of PTE management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Sutedja
- Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia -
| | - David C Tjandra
- Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Gwyneth F Oden
- Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
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Tominello-Ramirez CS, Muñoz Hoyos L, Oubounyt M, Stam R. Network analyses predict major regulators of resistance to early blight disease complex in tomato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:641. [PMID: 38971719 PMCID: PMC11227178 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early blight and brown leaf spot are often cited as the most problematic pathogens of tomato in many agricultural regions. Their causal agents are Alternaria spp., a genus of Ascomycota containing numerous necrotrophic pathogens. Breeding programs have yielded quantitatively resistant commercial cultivars, but fungicide application remains necessary to mitigate the yield losses. A major hindrance to resistance breeding is the complexity of the genetic determinants of resistance and susceptibility. In the absence of sufficiently resistant germplasm, we sequenced the transcriptomes of Heinz 1706 tomatoes treated with strongly virulent and weakly virulent isolates of Alternaria spp. 3 h post infection. We expanded existing functional gene annotations in tomato and using network statistics, we analyzed the transcriptional modules associated with defense and susceptibility. RESULTS The induced responses are very distinct. The weakly virulent isolate induced a defense response of calcium-signaling, hormone responses, and transcription factors. These defense-associated processes were found in a single transcriptional module alongside secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes, and other defense responses. Co-expression and gene regulatory networks independently predicted several D clade ethylene response factors to be early regulators of the defense transcriptional module, as well as other transcription factors both known and novel in pathogen defense, including several JA-associated genes. In contrast, the strongly virulent isolate elicited a much weaker response, and a separate transcriptional module bereft of hormone signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have predicted major defense regulators and several targets for downstream functional analyses. Combined with our improved gene functional annotation, they suggest that defense is achieved through induction of Alternaria-specific immune pathways, and susceptibility is mediated by modulating hormone responses. The implication of multiple specific clade D ethylene response factors and upregulation of JA-associated genes suggests that host defense in this pathosystem involves ethylene response factors to modulate jasmonic acid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Tominello-Ramirez
- Department of Phytopathology and Crop Protection, Institute for Phytopathology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lina Muñoz Hoyos
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mhaned Oubounyt
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Remco Stam
- Department of Phytopathology and Crop Protection, Institute for Phytopathology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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Guan J, Zhang Y, Li D, Shan Q, Hu Z, Chai T, Zhou A, Qiao K. Synergistic role of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and citrate cycle pathways in heavy metal detoxification through secretion of organic acids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135106. [PMID: 38970974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Excessive heavy metal contaminants in soils have serious ecological and environmental impacts, and affect plant growth and crop yields. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly means of lowering heavy metal concentrations in soils. In this study, we analyzed phenotypic and physiological traits, and the transcriptome and metabolome, of sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis) exposed to cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), or zinc (Zn). Phenotypic and physiological analysis indicated that sheepgrass had strong tolerance to Cd/Pb/Zn. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and organic acid metabolism were enriched among differentially expressed genes, and metabolomic analysis indicated that the citrate cycle was enriched in response to Cd/Pb/Zn exposure. Genes encoding enzymes involved in the phenylpropanoid and citrate cycle pathways were up-regulated under the Cd/Pb/Zn treatments. Organic acids significantly reduced heavy metal accumulation and improved sheepgrass tolerance of heavy metals. The results suggest that synergistic interaction of the phenylpropanoid and citrate cycle pathways in sheepgrass roots induced organic acid secretion to alleviate heavy metal toxicity. A cascade of enzymes involved in the interacting pathways could be targeted in molecular design breeding to enhance phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Defang Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Qinghua Shan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Tuanyao Chai
- College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Aimin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Kun Qiao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Manresa-Grao M, Pastor V, Sánchez-Bel P, Cruz A, Cerezo M, Jaques JA, Flors V. Mycorrhiza-induced resistance in citrus against Tetranychus urticae is plant species dependent and inversely correlated to basal immunity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3553-3566. [PMID: 38446401 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycorrhizal plants show enhanced resistance to biotic stresses, but few studies have addressed mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR) against biotic challenges in woody plants, particularly citrus. Here we present a comparative study of two citrus species, Citrus aurantium, which is resistant to Tetranychus urticae, and Citrus reshni, which is highly susceptible to T. urticae. Although both mycorrhizal species are protected in locally infested leaves, they show very distinct responses to MIR. RESULTS Previous studies have indicated that C. aurantium is insensitive to MIR in systemic tissues and MIR-triggered antixenosis. Conversely, C. reshni is highly responsive to MIR which triggers local, systemic and indirect defense, and antixenosis against the pest. Transcriptional, hormonal and inhibition assays in C. reshni indicated the regulation of jasmonic acid (JA)- and abscisic acid-dependent responses in MIR. The phytohormone jasmonic acid isoleucine (JA-Ile) and the JA biosynthesis gene LOX2 are primed at early timepoints. Evidence indicates a metabolic flux from phenylpropanoids to specific flavones that are primed at 24 h post infestation (hpi). MIR also triggers the priming of naringenin in mycorrhizal C. reshni, which shows a strong correlation with several flavones and JA-Ile that over-accumulate in mycorrhizal plants. Treatment with an inhibitor of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis C4H enzyme impaired resistance and reduced the symbiosis, demonstrating that phenylpropanoids and derivatives mediate MIR in C. reshni. CONCLUSION MIR's effectiveness is inversely correlated to basal immunity in different citrus species, and provides multifaceted protection against T. urticae in susceptible C. reshni, activating rapid local and systemic defenses that are mainly regulated by the accumulation of specific flavones and priming of JA-dependent responses. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Manresa-Grao
- Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory, Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Victoria Pastor
- Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory, Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Bel
- Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory, Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Ana Cruz
- Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory, Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Miguel Cerezo
- Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory, Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Josep A Jaques
- Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory, Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Víctor Flors
- Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory, Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
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Jin G, Deng Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Fu R. EpMYB2 positively regulates chicoric acid biosynthesis by activating both primary and specialized metabolic genes in purple coneflower. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:252-265. [PMID: 38596892 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Chicoric acid is the major active ingredient of the world-popular medicinal plant purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Menoch). It is recognized as the quality index of commercial hot-selling Echinacea products. While the biosynthetic pathway of chicoric acid in purple coneflower has been elucidated recently, its regulatory network remains elusive. Through co-expression and phylogenetic analysis, we found EpMYB2, a typical R2R3-type MYB transcription factor (TF) responsive to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) simulation, is a positive regulator of chicoric acid biosynthesis. In addition to directly regulating chicoric acid biosynthetic genes, EpMYB2 positively regulates genes of the upstream shikimate pathway. We also found that EpMYC2 could activate the expression of EpMYB2 by binding to its G-box site, and the EpMYC2-EpMYB2 module is involved in the MeJA-induced chicoric acid biosynthesis. Overall, we identified an MYB TF that positively regulates the biosynthesis of chicoric acid by activating both primary and specialized metabolic genes. EpMYB2 links the gap between the JA signaling pathway and chicoric acid biosynthesis. This work opens a new direction toward engineering purple coneflower with higher medicinal qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongbi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hsihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Rao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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Lavhale SG, Kondhare KR, Sinthadurai VS, Barvkar VT, Kale RS, Joshi RS, Giri AP. Ocimum kilimandscharicum 4CL11 negatively regulates adventitious root development via accumulation of flavonoid glycosides. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:176-196. [PMID: 38575203 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
4-Coumarate-CoA Ligase (4CL) is an important enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Multiple 4CLs are identified in Ocimum species; however, their in planta functions remain enigmatic. In this study, we independently overexpressed three Ok4CL isoforms from Ocimum kilimandscharicum (Ok4CL7, -11, and -15) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Interestingly, Ok4CL11 overexpression (OE) caused a rootless or reduced root growth phenotype, whereas overexpression of Ok4CL15 produced normal adventitious root (AR) growth. Ok4CL11 overexpression in N. benthamiana resulted in upregulation of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and associated glycosyltransferases accompanied by accumulation of specific flavonoid-glycosides (kaempferol-3-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3,7-O-bis-alpha-l-rhamnoside [K3,7R], and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) that possibly reduced auxin levels in plants, and such effects were not seen for Ok4CL7 and -15. Docking analysis suggested that auxin transporters (PINs/LAXs) have higher binding affinity to these specific flavonoid-glycosides, and thus could disrupt auxin transport/signaling, which cumulatively resulted in a rootless phenotype. Reduced auxin levels, increased K3,7R in the middle and basal stem sections, and grafting experiments (intra and inter-species) indicated a disruption of auxin transport by K3,7R and its negative effect on AR development. Supplementation of flavonoids and the specific glycosides accumulated by Ok4CL11-OE to the wild-type N. benthamiana explants delayed the AR emergence and also inhibited AR growth. While overexpression of all three Ok4CLs increased lignin accumulation, flavonoids, and their specific glycosides were accumulated only in Ok4CL11-OE lines. In summary, our study reveals unique indirect function of Ok4CL11 to increase specific flavonoids and their glycosides, which are negative regulators of root growth, likely involved in inhibition of auxin transport and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh G Lavhale
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Kirtikumar R Kondhare
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Veenothini S Sinthadurai
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Vitthal T Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Rutuja S Kale
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Rakesh S Joshi
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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Li W, Liu X, Ma Y, Huang X, Hai D, Cheng Y, Bai G, Wang Y, Zhang B, Qiao M, Song L, Li N. Changes in physio-biochemical metabolism, phenolics and antioxidant capacity during germination of different wheat varieties. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101429. [PMID: 38756466 PMCID: PMC11096995 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in physio-biochemical metabolism, phenolics and antioxidant capacity during germination were studied in eight different wheat varieties. Results showed that germination enhanced sprout growth, and caused oxidative damage, but enhanced phenolics accumulation. Ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid were the main phenolic acids in wheat sprouts, and dihydroquercetin, quercetin and vitexin were the main flavonoids. The phenolic acid content of Jimai 44 was the highest on the 2th and 4th day of germination, and that of Bainong 307 was the highest on the 6th day. The flavonoid content of Hei jingang was the highest during whole germination. The enzymes activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL) were up-regulated. The activities of catalase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were also activated. Antioxidant capacity of wheat sprouts was enhanced. The results provided new ideas for the production of naturally sourced phenolic rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Shuanghui Investment Development Co., Ltd./Henan Intelligent Meat Segmentation and Biotransformation Engineering Research Center, Luohe 462005, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dan Hai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongxia Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ge Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinping Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mingwu Qiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lianjun Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Ahmad N, Hussain H, Naeem M, Rahman SU, Khan KA, Iqbal B, Umar AW. Metabolites-induced co-evolutionary warfare between plants, viruses, and their associated vectors: So close yet so far away. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112165. [PMID: 38925477 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Agriculture and global food security encounter significant challenges due to viral threats. In the following decades, several molecular studies have focused on discovering biosynthetic pathways of numerous defensive and signaling compounds, as key regulators of plant interactions, either with viruses or their associated vectors. Nevertheless, the complexities of specialized metabolites mediated plant-virus-vector tripartite viewpoint and the identification of their co-evolutionary crossroads toward antiviral defense system, remain elusive. The current study reviews the various roles of plant-specialized metabolites (PSMs) and how plants use these metabolites to defend against viruses. It discusses recent examples of specialized metabolites that have broad-spectrum antiviral properties. Additionally, the study presents the co-evolutionary basis of metabolite-mediated plant-virus-insect interactions as a potential bioinspired approach to combat viral threats. The prospects also show promising metabolic engineering strategies aimed at discovering a wide range of PSMs that are effective in fending off viruses and their related vectors. These advances in understanding the potential role of PSMs in plant-virus interactions not only serve as a cornerstone for developing plant antiviral systems, but also highlight essential principles of biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hamad Hussain
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23390, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Center of Bee Research and its Products (CBRP), and Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Babar Iqbal
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Abdul Wakeel Umar
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai (BNUZ), Zhuhai City 519087, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Dissanayake BM, Staudinger C, Ranathunge K, Munns R, Rupasinghe TW, Taylor NL, Millar AH. Metabolic adaptations leading to an enhanced lignification in wheat roots under salinity stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38923138 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of salinity tolerance processes in wheat has focused on salt exclusion from shoots while root phenotypes have received limited attention. Here, we consider the varying phenotypic response of four bread wheat varieties that differ in their type and degree of salt tolerance and assess their molecular responses to salinity and changes in root cell wall lignification. These varieties were Westonia introgressed with Nax1 and Nax2 root sodium transporters (HKT1;4-A and HKT1;5-A) that reduce Na+ accumulation in leaves, as well as the 'tissue tolerant' Portuguese landrace Mocho de Espiga Branca that has a mutation in the homologous gene HKT1;5-D and has high Na+ concentration in leaves. These three varieties were compared with the relatively more salt-sensitive cultivar Gladius. Through the use of root histochemical analysis, ion concentrations, as well as differential proteomics and targeted metabolomics, we provide an integrated view of the wheat root response to salinity. We show different metabolic re-arrangements in energy conversion, primary metabolic machinery and phenylpropanoid pathway leading to monolignol production in a genotype and genotype by treatment-dependent manner that alters the extent and localisation of root lignification which correlated with an improved capacity of wheat roots to cope better under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagya M Dissanayake
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Kosala Ranathunge
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Rana Munns
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | | | - Nicolas L Taylor
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
- Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
- Australian Plant Phenomics Network, The University Of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
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11
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Dickey RM, Gopal MR, Nain P, Kunjapur AM. Recent developments in enzymatic and microbial biosynthesis of flavor and fragrance molecules. J Biotechnol 2024; 389:43-60. [PMID: 38616038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Flavors and fragrances are an important class of specialty chemicals for which interest in biomanufacturing has risen during recent years. These naturally occurring compounds are often amenable to biosynthesis using purified enzyme catalysts or metabolically engineered microbial cells in fermentation processes. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the categories of molecules that have received the greatest interest, both academically and industrially, by examining scholarly publications as well as patent literature. Overall, we seek to highlight innovations in the key reaction steps and microbial hosts used in flavor and fragrance manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Madan R Gopal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Priyanka Nain
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Aditya M Kunjapur
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
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12
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Grundmann CO, Guzman J, Vilcinskas A, Pupo MT. The insect microbiome is a vast source of bioactive small molecules. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:935-967. [PMID: 38411238 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00054k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Covering: September 1964 to June 2023Bacteria and fungi living in symbiosis with insects have been studied over the last sixty years and found to be important sources of bioactive natural products. Not only classic producers of secondary metabolites such as Streptomyces and other members of the phylum Actinobacteria but also numerous bacteria from the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and an impressive array of fungi (usually pathogenic) serve as the source of a structurally diverse number of small molecules with important biological activities including antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antiparasitic and specific enzyme inhibitors. The insect niche is often the exclusive provider of microbes producing unique types of biologically active compounds such as gerumycins, pederin, dinactin, and formicamycins. However, numerous insects still have not been described taxonomically, and in most cases, the study of their microbiota is completely unexplored. In this review, we present a comprehensive survey of 553 natural products produced by microorganisms isolated from insects by collating and classifying all the data according to the type of compound (rather than the insect or microbial source). The analysis of the correlations among the metadata related to insects, microbial partners, and their produced compounds provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics between insects and their symbionts as well as the impact of their metabolites on these relationships. Herein, we focus on the chemical structure, biosynthesis, and biological activities of the most relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Guzman
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mônica Tallarico Pupo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Liu JS, Li YK, Li J, Li Y, Liu ZT, Zhou ZX, Li YG, Wang R. Ascorbate peroxidase catalyses synthesis of protocatechualdehyde from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in Lycoris aurea. Gene 2024; 927:148697. [PMID: 38880186 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Protocatechualdehyde is a plant natural phenolic aldehyde and an active ingredient with important bioactivities in traditional Chinese medicine. Protocatechualdehyde is also a key intermediate in the synthesis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids for supplying the C6-C1 skeleton. However, the biosynthesis of protocatechualdehyde in plants remains obscure. In this study, we measured the protocatechualdehyde contents in the root, bulb, scape and flower of the Amaryllidaceae plant Lycoris aurea (L'Hér.) Herb., and performed the correlation analysis between the protocatechualdehyde contents and the transcriptional levels of the phenolic oxidization candidate protein encoding genes. We found that a novel ascorbate peroxidase encoded by the contig_24999 in the L. aurea transcriptome database had potential role in the biosynthesis of protocatechualdehyde. The LauAPX_24999 gene was then cloned from the cDNA of the scape of L. aurea. The transient expression of LauAPX_24999 protein in Arabidopsis protoplasts demonstrated that LauAPX_24999 protein was localized in the cytoplasm, thus belonging to Class II L-ascorbate peroxidase. Subsequently, LauAPX_24999 protein was heterogenously expressed in Escherichia coli, and identified that LauAPX_24999 biosynthesized protocatechualdehyde from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde using L-ascorbic acid as the electron donor. The protein structure modelling and molecular docking indicated that p-hydroxybenzaldehyde could access to the active pocket of LauAPX_24999 protein, and reside at the δ-edge of the heme group while L-ascorbic acid binds at the γ-heme edge. To our knowledge, LauAPX_24999 is the first enzyme discovered in plants able to biosynthesize protocatechualdehyde from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and offers a competent enzyme resource for the biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids via synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shu Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Engineering College, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China.
| | - Yi-Kui Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zheng-Tai Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zheng-Xiong Zhou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yu-Gang Li
- Engineering College, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China.
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China.
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14
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Wang H, Xu T, Li Y, Gao R, Tao X, Song J, Li C, Li Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of GA 3-induced dormancy release in Suaeda glauca black seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354141. [PMID: 38919815 PMCID: PMC11197467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Suaeda glauca Bunge produces dimorphic seeds on the same plant, with brown seeds displaying non-dormant characteristics and black seeds exhibiting intermediate physiological dormancy traits. Previous studies have shown that black seeds have a very low germination rate under natural conditions, but exogenous GA3 effectively enhanced the germination rate of black seeds. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of GA3 on S. glauca black seeds are still unclear. In this study, transcriptomic profiles of seeds at different germination stages with and without GA3 treatment were analyzed and compared, and the TTF, H2O2, O2 -, starch, and soluble sugar contents of the corresponding seed samples were determined. The results indicated that exogenous GA3 treatment significantly increased seed vigor, H2O2, and O2 - contents but decreased starch and soluble sugar contents of S. glauca black seeds during seed dormancy release. RNA-seq results showed that a total of 1136 DEGs were identified in three comparison groups and were involved mainly in plant hormone signal transduction, diterpenoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism pathway. Among them, the DEGs related to diterpenoid biosynthesis (SgGA3ox1, SgKAO and SgGA2ox8) and ABA signal transduction (SgPP2Cs) could play important roles during seed dormancy release. Most genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were activated under GA3 treatment conditions, especially many SgPER genes encoding peroxidase. In addition, exogenous GA3 treatment also significantly enhanced the expression of genes involved in flavonoid synthesis, which might be beneficial to seed dormancy release. In accordance with the decline in starch and soluble sugar contents, 15 genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were significantly up-regulated during GA3-induced dormancy release, such as SgBAM, SgHXK2, and SgAGLU, etc. In a word, exogenous GA3 effectively increased the germination rate and seed vigor of S. glauca black seeds by mediating the metabolic process or signal transduction of plant hormones, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism processes. Our results provide novel insights into the transcriptional regulation mechanism of exogenous GA3 on the dormancy release of S. glauca black seeds. The candidate genes identified in this study may be further studied and used to enrich our knowledge of seed dormancy and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianjiao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongjia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Dandong Forestry and Grassland Development Service Center, Dandong, China
| | - Xuelin Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Jieqiong Song
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Changping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiuli Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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15
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Manoilenko S, Dippe M, Fuchs T, Eisenschmidt-Bönn D, Ziegler J, Bauer AK, Wessjohann LA. Enzymatic one-step synthesis of natural 2-pyrones and new-to-nature derivatives from coenzyme A esters. J Biotechnol 2024; 388:72-82. [PMID: 38616039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The 2-pyrone moiety is present in a wide range of structurally diverse natural products with various biological activities. The plant biosynthetic routes towards these compounds mainly depend on the activity of either type III polyketide synthase-like 2-pyrone synthases or hydroxylating 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases. In the present study, the substrate specificity of these enzymes is investigated by a systematic screening using both natural and artificial substrates with the aims of efficiently forming (new) products and understanding the underlying catalytic mechanisms. In this framework, we focused on the in vitro functional characterization of a 2-pyrone synthase Gh2PS2 from Gerbera x hybrida and two dioxygenases AtF6'H1 and AtF6'H2 from Arabidopsis thaliana using a set of twenty aromatic and aliphatic CoA esters as substrates. UHPLC-ESI-HRMSn based analyses of reaction intermediates and products revealed a broad substrate specificity of the enzymes, enabling the facile "green" synthesis of this important class of natural products and derivatives in a one-step/one-pot reaction in aqueous environment without the need for halogenated or metal reagents and protective groups. Using protein modeling and substrate docking we identified amino acid residues that seem to be important for the observed product scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Manoilenko
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Martin Dippe
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany.
| | - Tristan Fuchs
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Daniela Eisenschmidt-Bönn
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Jörg Ziegler
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Bauer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany.
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16
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Zhang W, Higgins EE, Robinson SJ, Clarke WE, Boyle K, Sharpe AG, Fobert PR, Parkin IAP. A systems genomics and genetics approach to identify the genetic regulatory network for lignin content in Brassica napus seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1393621. [PMID: 38903439 PMCID: PMC11188405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Seed quality traits of oilseed rape, Brassica napus (B. napus), exhibit quantitative inheritance determined by its genetic makeup and the environment via the mediation of a complex genetic architecture of hundreds to thousands of genes. Thus, instead of single gene analysis, network-based systems genomics and genetics approaches that combine genotype, phenotype, and molecular phenotypes offer a promising alternative to uncover this complex genetic architecture. In the current study, systems genetics approaches were used to explore the genetic regulation of lignin traits in B. napus seeds. Four QTL (qLignin_A09_1, qLignin_A09_2, qLignin_A09_3, and qLignin_C08) distributed on two chromosomes were identified for lignin content. The qLignin_A09_2 and qLignin_C08 loci were homologous QTL from the A and C subgenomes, respectively. Genome-wide gene regulatory network analysis identified eighty-three subnetworks (or modules); and three modules with 910 genes in total, were associated with lignin content, which was confirmed by network QTL analysis. eQTL (expression quantitative trait loci) analysis revealed four cis-eQTL genes including lignin and flavonoid pathway genes, cinnamoyl-CoA-reductase (CCR1), and TRANSPARENT TESTA genes TT4, TT6, TT8, as causal genes. The findings validated the power of systems genetics to identify causal regulatory networks and genes underlying complex traits. Moreover, this information may enable the research community to explore new breeding strategies, such as network selection or gene engineering, to rewire networks to develop climate resilience crops with better seed quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Erin E. Higgins
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Robinson
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Wayne E. Clarke
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kerry Boyle
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Sharpe
- Global Institute for Food Security (GIFS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Pierre R. Fobert
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Isobel A. P. Parkin
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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17
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Cavaco T, Faria JMS. Phytochemical Volatiles as Potential Bionematicides with Safer Ecotoxicological Properties. TOXICS 2024; 12:406. [PMID: 38922086 PMCID: PMC11209200 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The management of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) still relies on traditional nematicides that threaten the environment and human health. Novel solutions are urgently needed for PPN pest management that are effective while safeguarding non-target organisms. Volatile phytochemicals belong to a structurally diverse group of bioactive metabolites that are believed to hold safer environmental characteristics than synthetic pesticides. Nonetheless, not many studies have analysed the potential environmental benefits of shifting to these novel bionematicides. In the present study, 20 phytochemical volatiles with reported nematicidal activity were compared to traditional pesticides using specific parameters of environmental and human health safety available on applied online databases and predicted in silico through specialised software. Overall, the reviewed nematicidal phytochemicals were reportedly less toxic than synthetic nematicides. They were predicted to disperse to the air and soil environmental compartments and were reported to have a lower toxicity on aquatic organisms. On the contrary, the synthetic nematicides were reportedly toxic to aquatic organisms while showing a predicted high affinity to the water environmental compartment. As alternatives, β-keto or fatty acid derivatives, e.g., aliphatic alcohols or ketones, showed more adequate properties. This study highlights the importance of complementing studies on nematicidal activity with a risk assessment-based analysis to allow for a faster selection of nematicidal phytochemical volatiles and to leverage the development and implementation of bionematicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Cavaco
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-107 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge M. S. Faria
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal;
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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18
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Deng K, Li Z, Huang T, Huang J. Noncoding RNAs in regulation of plant secondary metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108718. [PMID: 38733939 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are a large class of structurally diverse molecules, mainly consisting of terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds, which play active roles in plant development and stress responses. The biosynthetic processes of PSMs are governed by a sophisticated regulatory network at multiple levels. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) may serve as post-transcriptional regulators for plant secondary metabolism through acting on genes encoding either transcription factors or participating enzymes in relevant metabolic pathways. High-throughput sequencing technologies have facilitated the large-scale identifications of ncRNAs potentially involved in plant secondary metabolism in model plant species as well as certain species with enriched production of specific types of PSMs. Moreover, a series of miRNA-target modules have been functionally characterized to be responsible for regulating PSM biosynthesis and accumulation in plants under abiotic or biotic stresses. In this review, we will provide an overview of current findings on the ncRNA-mediated regulation of plant secondary metabolism with special attention to its participation in plant stress responses, and discuss possible issues to be addressed in future fundamental research and breeding practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianzi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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19
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Jin J, Li L, Fan D, Du Y, Jia H, Yang L, Jia W, Hao Q. Budding mutation reprogrammed flavonoid biosynthesis in jujube by deploying MYB41 and bHLH93. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108665. [PMID: 38735155 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Budding mutations are known to cause metabolic changes in new jujube varieties; however, the mechanisms underlying these changes are still unclear. Here, we performed muti-omics analysis to decipher the detailed metabolic landscape of "Saimisu 1" (S1) and its budding mutation line "Saimisu 2" (S2) at all fruit stages. We found that the genes involved in the biosyntheses of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and amino acids were upregulated in S2 fruits at all stages, especially PAL and DFR, resulting in increased accumulation of related compounds in S2 mature fruits. Further co-expression regulatory network analysis showed that the transcription factors MYB41 and bHLH93 potentially regulated the expression of PAL and DFR, respectively, by directly binding to their promoters. Moreover, the overexpression of MYB41 or bHLH93 induced their expression levels to redirect the flux of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, eventually leading to high levels of related compounds in S2 fruits. Overall, this study revealed the metabolic variations between S1 and S2 and contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying budding mutation-mediated metabolic variations in plants, eventually providing the basis for breeding excellent jujube varieties using budding mutation lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China.
| | - Lili Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China.
| | - Dingyu Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China.
| | - Youwei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Hongchen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China.
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Qing Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China.
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20
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Wang G, Sun J, Li L, Li J, Li P. Perfluorobutanoic acid triggers metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming in wheat seedlings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172343. [PMID: 38608890 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The environmental risks of fluorinated alternatives are of great concern with the phasing out of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate. Here, multi-omics (i.e., metabolomics and transcriptomics) coupled with physiological and biochemical analyses were employed to investigate the stress responses of wheat seedings (Triticum aestivum L.) to perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), one of the short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and PFOA alternatives, at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1-100 ng/g). After 28 days of soil exposure, PFBA boosted the generation of OH and O2- in wheat seedlings, resulting in lipid peroxidation, protein perturbation and impaired photosynthesis. Non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems (e.g., glutathione, phenolics, and vitamin C) and enzymatic antioxidant copper/zinc superoxide dismutase were strikingly activated (p < 0.05). PFBA-triggered oxidative stress induced metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming, including carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, lipid metabolisms, immune responses, signal transduction processes, and antioxidant defense-related pathways. Down-regulation of genes related to plant-pathogen interaction suggested suppression of the immune-response, offering a novel understanding on the production of reactive oxygen species in plants under the exposure to PFAS. The identified MAPK signaling pathway illuminated a novel signal transduction mechanism in plant cells in response to PFAS. These findings provide comprehensive understandings on the phytotoxicity of PFBA to wheat seedlings and new insights into the impacts of PFAS on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotian Wang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; YATAI Construction Science & Technology Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100120, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Watershed and Ecology, Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
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21
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Ding Y, Tao M, Xu L, Wang C, Wang J, Zhao C, Xiao Z, Wang Z. Impacts of nano-acetamiprid pesticide on faba bean root metabolic response and soil health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171976. [PMID: 38547984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The associated benefits and potential environmental risks of nanopesticides on plant and soil health, particularly in comparison with traditional pesticides, have not been systematically elucidated. Herein, we investigated the impacts of the as-synthesized nano-acetamiprid (Nano-Ace, 20 nm) at low (10 mg/L), medium (50 mg/L), high (100 mg/L) doses and the corresponding high commercial acetamiprid (Ace, 100 mg/L) on the physiological and metabolic response of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants, as well as on rhizosphere bacterial communities and functions over short-, medium- and long-term exposures. Overall, Nano-Ace exposure contributed to basic metabolic pathways (e.g., flavonoids, amino acids, TCA cycle intermediate, etc.) in faba bean roots across the whole exposure period. Moreover, Nano-Ace exposure enriched rhizosphere beneficial bacteria (e.g., Streptomyces (420.7%), Pseudomonas (33.8%), Flavobacterium (23.3%)) and suppressed pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Acidovorax (44.5%)). Additionally, Nano-Ace exposure showed a trend of low promotion and high inhibition of soil enzyme activities (e.g., invertase, urease, arylsulfatase, alkaline phosphatase) involved in soil C, N, S, and P cycling, while the inhibition was generally weaker than that of conventional Ace. Altogether, this study indicated that the redox-responsive nano-acetamiprid pesticide possessed high safety for host plants and soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ding
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengna Tao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lanqing Xu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinghong Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenggao Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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22
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Sun S, Su W, Gao L, Bi J, Wang Q, Xu Q. Genome-wide identification and examination of the wheat glycosyltransferase family 43 regulation during Fusarium graminearum infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132475. [PMID: 38772456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis and rice, the glycosyltransferase (GT) 43 family is involved in xylan synthesis. However, there have been limited reports on the study of the TaGT43 family in wheat. In this study, 28 TaGT43 family members were identified in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and clustered into three major groups based on the similarity of amino acid sequences. The results of the TaGT43 family's conserved motif and gene structure analyses agree with this result. Collinearity analysis revealed segmental duplications mainly promoted TaGT43 family expansion. cis-Acting element analysis revealed that the TaGT43 genes were involved in the light response, phytohormone response, abiotic/biotic stress response, and growth and development. The TaGT43 family showed a tissue-specific expression pattern, primarily expressed in roots and stems. Besides, the transcriptional and expression levels of multiple TaGT43 genes were upregulated during the infection of F. graminearum. According to metabolomics studies, F. graminearum infection affected the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in wheat, a critical factor in cell wall construction. Furthermore, GO enrichment analysis indicated that the TaGT43 genes play a significant role in cell wall organization. Based on these results, it may be concluded that the TaGT43 family mediates cell wall organization in response to F. graminearum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Wenli Su
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Liwei Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jianjie Bi
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Qunqing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
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Guan J, Zhu J, Liu H, Yang H, Zhong S, Chen W, Yi X, Chen C, Tan F, Shen J, Luo P. Arogenate dehydratase isoforms strategically deregulate phenylalanine biosynthesis in Akebia trifoliata. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132587. [PMID: 38788880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Arogenate dehydratase (ADT) is key for phenylalanine (Phe) biosynthesis in plants. To examine ADT components and function in Akebia trifoliata, a representative of Ranunculaceae, we first identified eight ADTs (AktADT1-8, encoding sequences varying from 1032 to 1962 bp) in the A. trifoliata reference genome and five proteins (AktADT1, AktADT4, AktADT7, AktADT8 and AktADT8s) with moonlighting prephenate dehydratase (PDT) activity and Km values varying from 0.43 to 2.17 mM. Structurally, two basic residue combinations (Val314/Ala317 and Ala314/Val317) in the PAC domain are essential for the moonlighting PDT activity of ADTs. Functionally, AktADT4 and AktADT8 successfully restored the wild-type phenotype of pha2, a knockout mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, AktADTs are ubiquitously expressed, but their expression levels are tissue specific, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Phe for AktADTs ranged from 49.81 to 331.17 μM. Both AktADT4 and AktADT8 and AktADT8s localized to chloroplast stromules and the cytosol, respectively, while the remaining AktADTs localized to the chloroplast stroma. These findings suggest that various strategies exist for regulating Phe biosynthesis in A. trifoliata. This provides a reasonable explanation for the high Phe content and insights for further genetic improvement of the edible fruits of A. trifoliata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Guan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Cuisine Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Akebia trifoliata Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shengfu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Akebia trifoliata Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Feiquan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinliang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Peigao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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24
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Fan D, Wang X, Liu T, Liu H, Peng Y, Tang X, Ye X, Sun K, Yue Y, Xu D, Li C, Luo K. Epigenetic regulation of high light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis by histone demethylase IBM1 in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2570-2585. [PMID: 38708492 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In plant species, anthocyanin accumulation is specifically regulated by light signaling. Although the CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1/SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (COP1/SPA) complex is known to control anthocyanin biosynthesis in response to light, the precise mechanism underlying this process remains largely unknown. Here, we report that Increase in BONSAI Methylation 1 (IBM1), a JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase, participates in the regulation of light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. The expression of IBM1 was induced by high light (HL) stress, and loss-of-function mutations in IBM1 led to accelerated anthocyanin accumulation under HL conditions. We further identified that IBM1 is directly associated with SPA1/3/4 chromatin in vivo to establish a hypomethylation status on H3K9 and DNA non-CG at these loci under HL, thereby releasing their expression. Genetic analysis showed that quadruple mutants of IBM1 and SPA1/3/4 resemble spa134 mutants. Overexpression of SPA1 in ibm1 mutants complements the mutant phenotype. Our results elucidate the significance and mechanism of IBM1 histone demethylase in the epigenetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis under HL conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative and Utilization of Tree Germplasm Resources, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xianqiang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative and Utilization of Tree Germplasm Resources, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative and Utilization of Tree Germplasm Resources, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative and Utilization of Tree Germplasm Resources, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yingying Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative and Utilization of Tree Germplasm Resources, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative and Utilization of Tree Germplasm Resources, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiao Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative and Utilization of Tree Germplasm Resources, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kuan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative and Utilization of Tree Germplasm Resources, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuchen Yue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative and Utilization of Tree Germplasm Resources, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative and Utilization of Tree Germplasm Resources, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaofeng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative and Utilization of Tree Germplasm Resources, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative and Utilization of Tree Germplasm Resources, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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25
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Ren RC, Kong LG, Zheng GM, Zhao YJ, Jiang X, Wu JW, Liu C, Chu J, Ding XH, Zhang XS, Wang GF, Zhao XY. Maize requires arogenate dehydratase 2 for resistance to Ustilago maydis and plant development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1642-1659. [PMID: 38431524 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) smut is a common biotrophic fungal disease caused by Ustilago maydis and leads to low maize yield. Maize resistance to U. maydis is a quantitative trait. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the resistance of maize to U. maydis is poorly understood. Here, we reported that a maize mutant caused by a single gene mutation exhibited defects in both fungal resistance and plant development. maize mutant highly susceptible to U. maydis (mmsu) with a dwarf phenotype forms tumors in the ear. A map-based cloning and allelism test demonstrated that 1 gene encoding a putative arogenate dehydratase/prephenate dehydratase (ADT/PDT) is responsible for the phenotypes of the mmsu and was designated as ZmADT2. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that mmsu had substantial differences in multiple metabolic pathways in response to U. maydis infection compared with the wild type. Disruption of ZmADT2 caused damage to the chloroplast ultrastructure and function, metabolic flux redirection, and reduced the amounts of salicylic acid (SA) and lignin, leading to susceptibility to U. maydis and dwarf phenotype. These results suggested that ZmADT2 is required for maintaining metabolic flux, as well as resistance to U. maydis and plant development in maize. Meanwhile, our findings provided insights into the maize response mechanism to U. maydis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ling Guang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Guang Ming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ya Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jia Wen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Cuimei Liu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Hua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Guan Feng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiang Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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26
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Peña Barrena LE, Mats L, Earl HJ, Bozzo GG. Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Phaseolus vulgaris during Growth under Severe Drought. Metabolites 2024; 14:319. [PMID: 38921454 PMCID: PMC11205357 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought limits the growth and development of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (known as common bean). Common bean plants contain various phenylpropanoids, but it is not known whether the levels of these metabolites are altered by drought. Here, BT6 and BT44, two white bean recombinant inbred lines (RILs), were cultivated under severe drought. Their respective growth and phenylpropanoid profiles were compared to those of well-irrigated plants. Both RILs accumulated much less biomass in their vegetative parts with severe drought, which was associated with more phaseollin and phaseollinisoflavan in their roots relative to well-irrigated plants. A sustained accumulation of coumestrol was evident in BT44 roots with drought. Transient alterations in the leaf profiles of various phenolic acids occurred in drought-stressed BT6 and BT44 plants, including the respective accumulation of two separate caftaric acid isomers and coutaric acid (isomer 1) relative to well-irrigated plants. A sustained rise in fertaric acid was observed in BT44 with drought stress, whereas the greater amount relative to well-watered plants was transient in BT6. Apart from kaempferol diglucoside (isomer 2), the concentrations of most leaf flavonol glycosides were not altered with drought. Overall, fine tuning of leaf and root phenylpropanoid profiles occurs in white bean plants subjected to severe drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Peña Barrena
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.E.P.B.); (H.J.E.)
| | - Lili Mats
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
| | - Hugh J. Earl
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.E.P.B.); (H.J.E.)
| | - Gale G. Bozzo
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.E.P.B.); (H.J.E.)
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Padhiyar SM, Kheni J, Bhatt SB, Desai H, Tomar RS. Transcriptome profiling of barnyard millet ( Echinochloa frumentacea L.) during grain development to reveal the genomic insights into iron accumulation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30925. [PMID: 38778996 PMCID: PMC11109794 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of food nutritional security, the development of mineral-rich grains assumes a pivotal role in combating malnutrition. Within the scope of the current investigation, we endeavoured to discern the transcripts accountable for the improved accumulation of grain-Fe within Indian barnyard millet. This pursuit entailed transcriptome sequencing of genotypes BAR-1433 (with high Fe content) and BAR-1423 (with low Fe content) during two distinct stages of spike development-spike emergence and milking stage. In the context of spike emergence, we identified a cohort of 895 up-regulated transcripts and 126 down-regulated transcripts that delineated the difference between the high and low grain-Fe genotypes. In contrast, during the milking stage, the tally of up-regulated transcripts reached 436, while down-regulated transcripts numbered 285. The transcripts that consistently ascended in both developmental stages underwent functional annotation, aligning their roles with nucleolar proteins, metal-nicotianamine transporters, ribonucleoprotein complexes, vinorine synthases, cellulose synthases, auxin response factors, embryogenesis abundant proteins, cytochrome c oxidases, and zinc finger BED domain-containing proteins. Meanwhile, a heterogeneous spectrum of transcripts exhibited differential expression and upregulation throughout the distinct stages. These transcripts encompassed various facets, such as ABC Transporter family proteins, Calcium-dependent kinase family, Ferritin, Metal ion binding, Iron-sulfur cluster binding, Cytochrome family, Zinc finger transcription factor family, Ferredoxin-NADP reductase type 1 family, Putative laccase, Multicopper oxidase family, and Terpene synthase family. To authenticate the reliability of these transcripts, six contigs representing probable functions, including metal transporters, iron sulfur coordination, metal ion binding, auxin-responsive GH3-like protein 2, and cytochrome P450 71B16, were harnessed for primer design. Subsequently, these primers were utilized in the validation process through qRT-PCR, with the outcomes aligning harmoniously with the transcriptome results. This study chronicles a constellation of genes linked to elevated iron content within barnyard millet, showcasing a proof of concept for leveraging transcriptome insights in marker-assisted selection to fortify barnyard millet with iron. This marks the inaugural comprehensive transcriptome analysis delineating transcripts associated with varying levels of grain-iron content during the panicle developmental stages within the barnyard millet paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital M. Padhiyar
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001, Gujarat, India
| | - Jasminkumar Kheni
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001, Gujarat, India
| | - Shraddha B. Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001, Gujarat, India
| | - Hiral Desai
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001, Gujarat, India
| | - Rukam S. Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001, Gujarat, India
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28
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Tian X, Zhang R, Yang Z, Fang W. Methyl Jasmonate and Zinc Sulfate Induce Secondary Metabolism and Phenolic Acid Biosynthesis in Barley Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1512. [PMID: 38891320 PMCID: PMC11174577 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the impact of MeJA and ZnSO4 treatments on the physiological metabolism of barley seedlings and the content of phenolic acid. The results showed that MeJA (100 μM) and ZnSO4 (4 mM) treatments effectively increased the phenolic acid content by increasing the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (PAL) and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and by up-regulating the expression of genes involved in phenolic acid synthesis. As a result of the MeJA or ZnSO4 treatment, the phenolic acid content increased by 35.3% and 30.9% at four days and by 33.8% and 34.5% at six days, respectively, compared to the control. Furthermore, MeJA and ZnSO4 treatments significantly increased the malondialdehyde content, causing cell membrane damage and decreasing the fresh weight and seedling length. Barley seedlings responded to MeJA- and ZnSO4-induced stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and controlling their gene expression levels. Meanwhile, MeJA and ZnSO4 treatments significantly upregulated calcium-adenosine triphosphate, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related kinase, and calmodulin-dependent protein genes in barley seedlings. This suggested that Ca2+ may be the signaling molecule that promotes phenolic acid synthesis under MeJA and ZnSO4 treatment. This study deepens the understanding of the phenolic acid enrichment process in barley seedlings under MeJA and ZnSO4 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weiming Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.T.); (R.Z.); (Z.Y.)
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de la Torre F, Medina-Morales B, Blanca-Reyes I, Pascual MB, Ávila C, Cánovas FM, Castro-Rodríguez V. Properties and Functional Analysis of Two Chorismate Mutases from Maritime Pine. Cells 2024; 13:929. [PMID: 38891061 PMCID: PMC11171525 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Through the shikimate pathway, a massive metabolic flux connects the central carbon metabolism with the synthesis of chorismate, the common precursor of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, as well as other compounds, including salicylate or folate. The alternative metabolic channeling of chorismate involves a key branch-point, finely regulated by aromatic amino acid levels. Chorismate mutase catalyzes the conversion of chorismate to prephenate, a precursor of phenylalanine and tyrosine and thus a vast repertoire of fundamental derived compounds, such as flavonoids or lignin. The regulation of this enzyme has been addressed in several plant species, but no study has included conifers or other gymnosperms, despite the importance of the phenolic metabolism for these plants in processes such as lignification and wood formation. Here, we show that maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) has two genes that encode for chorismate mutase, PpCM1 and PpCM2. Our investigations reveal that these genes encode plastidial isoenzymes displaying activities enhanced by tryptophan and repressed by phenylalanine and tyrosine. Using phylogenetic studies, we have provided new insights into the possible evolutionary origin of the cytosolic chorismate mutases in angiosperms involved in the synthesis of phenylalanine outside the plastid. Studies based on different platforms of gene expression and co-expression analysis have allowed us to propose that PpCM2 plays a central role in the phenylalanine synthesis pathway associated with lignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de la Torre
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (B.M.-M.); (I.B.-R.); (M.B.P.); (C.Á.); (F.M.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vanessa Castro-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (B.M.-M.); (I.B.-R.); (M.B.P.); (C.Á.); (F.M.C.)
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Sun Q, Li X, Sun L, Sun M, Xu H, Zhou X. Plant hormones and phenolic acids response to UV-B stress in Rhododendron chrysanthum pall. Biol Direct 2024; 19:40. [PMID: 38807240 PMCID: PMC11134694 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study aims to identify the mechanisms involved in regulating the response of Rhodoendron Chrysanthum Pall. (R. chrysanthum) leaves to UV-B exposure; phosphorylated proteomics and metabolomics for phenolic acids and plant hormones were integrated in this study. The results showed that UV-B stress resulted in the accumulation of salicylic acid and the decrease of auxin, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, cytokinin and gibberellin in R. chrysanthum. The phosphorylated proteins that changed in plant hormone signal transduction pathway and phenolic acid biosynthesis pathway were screened by comprehensive metabonomics and phosphorylated proteomics. In order to construct the regulatory network of R. chrysanthum leaves under UV-B stress, the relationship between plant hormones and phenolic acid compounds was analyzed. It provides a rationale for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of radiation tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Xiangqun Li
- Jilin Engineering Vocational College, Siping, China
| | - Li Sun
- Siping Central People's Hospital, Siping, China
| | - Mingyi Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Xiaofu Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China.
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31
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Lehmanski LMA, Kösters LM, Huang J, Göbel M, Gershenzon J, Hartmann H. Windthrow causes declines in carbohydrate and phenolic concentrations and increased monoterpene emission in Norway spruce. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302714. [PMID: 38805412 PMCID: PMC11132463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing frequencies of extreme weather events caused by climate change, the risk of forest damage from insect attacks grows. Storms and droughts can damage and weaken trees, reduce tree vigour and defence capacity and thus provide host trees that can be successfully attacked by damaging insects, as often observed in Norway spruce stands attacked by the Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. Following storms, partially uprooted trees with grounded crowns suffer reduced water uptake and carbon assimilation, which may lower their vigour and decrease their ability to defend against insect attack. We conducted in situ measurements on windthrown and standing control trees to determine the concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), of phenolic defences and volatile monoterpene emissions. These are the main storage and defence compounds responsible for beetle´s pioneer success and host tree selection. Our results show that while sugar and phenolic concentrations of standing trees remained rather constant over a 4-month period, windthrown trees experienced a decrease of 78% and 37% of sugar and phenolic concentrations, respectively. This strong decline was especially pronounced for fructose (-83%) and glucose (-85%) and for taxifolin (-50.1%). Windthrown trees emitted 25 times greater monoterpene concentrations than standing trees, in particular alpha-pinene (23 times greater), beta-pinene (27 times greater) and 3-carene (90 times greater). We conclude that windthrown trees exhibited reduced resources of anti-herbivore and anti-pathogen defence compounds needed for the response to herbivore attack. The enhanced emission rates of volatile terpenes from windthrown trees may provide olfactory cues during bark beetle early swarming related to altered tree defences. Our results contribute to the knowledge of fallen trees vigour and their defence capacity during the first months after the wind-throw disturbance. Yet, the influence of different emission rates and profiles on bark beetle behaviour and host selection requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. A. Lehmanski
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Lara M. Kösters
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Jianbei Huang
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Göbel
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department for Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Forest Protection, Julius Kühn-Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Quedlinburg, Germany
- Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Casimiro-Soriguer I, Aguilar-Benitez D, Gutierrez N, Torres AM. Transcriptome Analysis of Stigmas of Vicia faba L. Flowers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1443. [PMID: 38891252 PMCID: PMC11175038 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Pollination in angiosperms depends on complex communication between pollen grains and stigmas, classified as wet or dry, depending on the presence or absence of secretions at the stigma surface, respectively. In species with wet stigma, the cuticle is disrupted and the presence of exudates is indicative of their receptivity. Most stigma studies are focused on a few species and families, many of them with self-incompatibility systems. However, there is scarce knowledge about the stigma composition in Fabaceae, the third angiosperm family, whose stigmas have been classified as semidry. Here we report the first transcriptome profiling and DEGs of Vicia faba L. styles and stigmas from autofertile (flowers able to self-fertilize in the absence of manipulation, whose exudate is released spontaneously) and autosterile (flowers that need to be manipulated to break the cuticle and release the exudates to be receptive) inbred lines. From the 76,269 contigs obtained from the de novo assembly, only 45.1% of the sequences were annotated with at least one GO term. A total of 115,920, 75,489, and 70,801 annotations were assigned to Biological Process (BP), Cellular Component (CC), and Molecular Function (MF) categories, respectively, and 5918 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the autofertile and the autosterile lines. Among the most enriched metabolic pathways in the DEGs subset were those related with amino acid biosynthesis, terpenoid metabolism, or signal transduction. Some DEGs have been related with previous QTLs identified for autofertility traits, and their putative functions are discussed. The results derived from this work provide an important transcriptomic reference for style-stigma processes to aid our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in faba bean fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Casimiro-Soriguer
- Área de Mejora Vegetal y Biotecnología, IFAPA Centro Alameda del Obispo, Apdo. 3092, 14080 Cordoba, Spain; (D.A.-B.); (N.G.); (A.M.T.)
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Wu H, Wan X, Niu J, Cao Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Xu H, Xue X, Yao J, Zhu C, Li Y, Li Q, Lu T, Yu H, Jiang W. Enhancing iron content and growth of cucumber seedlings with MgFe-LDHs under low-temperature stress. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:268. [PMID: 38764056 PMCID: PMC11103931 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of cost-effective and eco-friendly fertilizers is crucial for enhancing iron (Fe) uptake in crops and can help alleviate dietary Fe deficiencies, especially in populations with limited access to meat. This study focused on the application of MgFe-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (MgFe-LDHs) as a potential solution. We successfully synthesized and characterized MgFe-LDHs and observed that 1-10 mg/L MgFe-LDHs improved cucumber seed germination and water uptake. Notably, the application of 10 mg/L MgFe-LDHs to roots significantly increased the seedling emergence rate and growth under low-temperature stress. The application of 10 mg/L MgFe-LDHs during sowing increased the root length, lateral root number, root fresh weight, aboveground fresh weight, and hypocotyl length under low-temperature stress. A comprehensive analysis integrating plant physiology, nutrition, and transcriptomics suggested that MgFe-LDHs improve cold tolerance by upregulating SA to stimulate CsFAD3 expression, elevating GA3 levels for enhanced nitrogen metabolism and protein synthesis, and reducing levels of ABA and JA to support seedling emergence rate and growth, along with increasing the expression and activity of peroxidase genes. SEM and FTIR further confirmed the adsorption of MgFe-LDHs onto the root hairs in the mature zone of the root apex. Remarkably, MgFe-LDHs application led to a 46% increase (p < 0.05) in the Fe content within cucumber seedlings, a phenomenon not observed with comparable iron salt solutions, suggesting that the nanocrystalline nature of MgFe-LDHs enhances their absorption efficiency in plants. Additionally, MgFe-LDHs significantly increased the nitrogen (N) content of the seedlings by 12% (p < 0.05), promoting nitrogen fixation in the cucumber seedlings. These results pave the way for the development and use of LDH-based Fe fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiefei Niu
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig- Maximilians-University München, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Yidan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yayu Guo
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xian Xue
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Cuifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Weijie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
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Zhang P, Yang C, Wang J, Jiang P, Qi J, Hou W, Cheng H, Feng X, Yu D. Cytochrome GmGLY1 is Involved in the Biosynthesis of Glycitein in Soybean. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10944-10957. [PMID: 38710505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Isoflavones, the major secondary metabolites of interest due to their benefits to both human and plant health, are exclusively produced by legumes. In this study, we profiled the isoflavone content in dry seeds from 211 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] accessions grown across five environments. Broad and discernible phenotypic variations were observed among accessions, regions, and years of growth. Twenty-six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the sum of glycitein (GLE), glycitin (GL), 6″-O-acetylglycitin (AGL), and 6″-O-malonylglycitin (MGL) contents were detected in multiple environments via a genome-wide association study (GWAS). These SNPs were located on chromosome 11 (8,148,438 bp to 8,296,956 bp, renamed qGly11-01). Glyma.11g108300 (GmGLY1), a gene that encodes a P450 family protein, was identified via sequence variation analysis, functional annotation, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and expression profile analysis of candidate gene, and hairy roots transformation in soybean. Overexpression of GmGLY1 increased the glycitein content (GLC) in soybean hairy roots and transgenic seeds, while CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutants exhibited decreased GLC and increased daidzein content (DAC). Haplotype analysis revealed that GmGLY1 allelic variations significantly affect the GLC accumulation. These findings enhance our understanding of genes influencing GLC in soybean and may guide breeding for lines with high and stable GLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Changyun Yang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pingbo Jiang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Qi
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenyan Hou
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | - Deyue Yu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Cortez N, Villegas C, Burgos V, Ortiz L, Cabrera-Pardo JR, Paz C. Therapeutic Potential of Chlorogenic Acid in Chemoresistance and Chemoprotection in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5189. [PMID: 38791228 PMCID: PMC11121551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs are indispensable in cancer treatment, but their effectiveness is often lessened because of non-selective toxicity to healthy tissues, which triggers inflammatory pathways that are harmful to vital organs. In addition, tumors' resistance to drugs causes failures in treatment. Chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, CGA), found in plants and vegetables, is promising in anticancer mechanisms. In vitro and animal studies have indicated that CGA can overcome resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics and alleviate chemotherapy-induced toxicity by scavenging free radicals effectively. This review is a summary of current information about CGA, including its natural sources, biosynthesis, metabolism, toxicology, role in combatting chemoresistance, and protective effects against chemotherapy-induced toxicity. It also emphasizes the potential of CGA as a pharmacological adjuvant in cancer treatment with drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin, regorafenib, and radiotherapy. By analyzing more than 140 papers from PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, we hope to find the therapeutic potential of CGA in improving cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cortez
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (N.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Cecilia Villegas
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (N.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Viviana Burgos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Leandro Ortiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Jaime R. Cabrera-Pardo
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada y Sustentable, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile;
| | - Cristian Paz
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (N.C.); (C.V.)
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Wang F, Zhou Z, Liu X, Zhu L, Guo B, Lv C, Zhu J, Chen ZH, Xu R. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal molecular insights into waterlogging tolerance in Barley. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:385. [PMID: 38724918 PMCID: PMC11080113 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Waterlogging stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the productivity and quality of many crops worldwide. However, the mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance are still elusive in barley. In this study, we identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential metabolites (DM) that mediate distinct waterlogging tolerance strategies in leaf and root of two barley varieties with contrasting waterlogging tolerance under different waterlogging treatments. Transcriptome profiling revealed that the response of roots was more distinct than that of leaves in both varieties, in which the number of downregulated genes in roots was 7.41-fold higher than that in leaves of waterlogging sensitive variety after 72 h of waterlogging stress. We also found the number of waterlogging stress-induced upregulated DEGs in the waterlogging tolerant variety was higher than that of the waterlogging sensitive variety in both leaves and roots in 1 h and 72 h treatment. This suggested the waterlogging tolerant variety may respond more quickly to waterlogging stress. Meanwhile, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was identified to play critical roles in waterlogging tolerant variety by improving cell wall biogenesis and peroxidase activity through DEGs such as Peroxidase (PERs) and Cinnamoyl-CoA reductases (CCRs) to improve resistance to waterlogging. Based on metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis, we found the waterlogging tolerant variety can better alleviate the energy deficiency via higher sugar content, reduced lactate accumulation, and improved ethanol fermentation activity compared to the waterlogging sensitive variety. In summary, our results provide waterlogging tolerance strategies in barley to guide the development of elite genetic resources towards waterlogging-tolerant crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Institutes of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Institutes of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Institutes of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Baojian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Institutes of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Institutes of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Institutes of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Rugen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Institutes of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Florez-Rueda AM, Miguel CM, Figueiredo DD. Comparative transcriptomics of seed nourishing tissues: uncovering conserved and divergent pathways in seed plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38709819 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The evolutionary and ecological success of spermatophytes is intrinsically linked to the seed habit, which provides a protective environment for the initial development of the new generation. This environment includes an ephemeral nourishing tissue that supports embryo growth. In gymnosperms this tissue originates from the asexual proliferation of the maternal megagametophyte, while in angiosperms it is a product of fertilization, and is called the endosperm. The emergence of these nourishing tissues is of profound evolutionary value, and they are also food staples for most of the world's population. Here, using Orthofinder to infer orthologue genes among newly generated and previously published datasets, we provide a comparative transcriptomic analysis of seed nourishing tissues from species of several angiosperm clades, including those of early diverging lineages, as well as of one gymnosperm. Our results show that, although the structure and composition of seed nourishing tissues has seen significant divergence along evolution, there are signatures that are conserved throughout the phylogeny. Conversely, we identified processes that are specific to species within the clades studied, and thus illustrate their functional divergence. With this, we aimed to provide a foundation for future studies on the evolutionary history of seed nourishing structures, as well as a resource for gene discovery in future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marcela Florez-Rueda
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknechts-Str. 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Célia M Miguel
- Faculty of Sciences, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Duarte D Figueiredo
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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Wang J, Wang X, Wang L, Nazir MF, Fu G, Peng Z, Chen B, Xing A, Zhu M, Ma X, Wang X, Jia Y, Pan Z, Wang L, Xia Y, He S, Du X. Exploring the regulatory role of non-coding RNAs in fiber development and direct regulation of GhKCR2 in the fatty acid metabolic pathway in upland cotton. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131345. [PMID: 38574935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cotton fiber holds immense importance as the primary raw material for the textile industry. Consequently, comprehending the regulatory mechanisms governing fiber development is pivotal for enhancing fiber quality. Our study aimed to construct a regulatory network of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and assess the impact of non-coding RNAs on gene expression throughout fiber development. Through whole transcriptome data analysis, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that were predominantly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and the fatty acid elongation pathway. This analysis involved two contrasting phenotypic materials (J02-508 and ZRI015) at five stages of fiber development. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of genes involved in fatty acid elongation, including KCS, KCR, HACD, ECR, and ACOT, to unveil the factors contributing to the variation in fatty acid elongation between J02-508 and ZRI015. Through the integration of histochemical GUS staining, dual luciferase assay experiments, and correlation analysis of expression levels during fiber development stages for lncRNA MSTRG.44818.23 (MST23) and GhKCR2, we elucidated that MST23 positively regulates GhKCR2 expression in the fatty acid elongation pathway. This identification provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying fiber development, emphasizing the intricate interplay between non-coding RNAs and protein-coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mian Faisal Nazir
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Guoyong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 455001, China
| | - Baojun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 455001, China
| | - Aishuang Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Mengchen Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 455001, China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yinhua Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 455001, China
| | - Zhaoe Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Liru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yingying Xia
- National Supercomputing Center in Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 455001, China
| | - Shoupu He
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 455001, China
| | - Xiongming Du
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 455001, China.
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Lim-Hing S, Gandhi KJK, Villari C. The role of Manganese in tree defenses against pests and pathogens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108641. [PMID: 38663267 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) deficiency is a widespread occurrence across different landscapes, including agricultural systems and managed forests, and causes interruptions in the normal metabolic functioning of plants. The microelement is well-characterized for its role in the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II and maintenance of photosynthetic structures. Mn is also required for a variety of enzymatic reactions in secondary metabolism, which play a crucial role in defense strategies for trees. Despite the strong relationship between Mn availability and the biosynthesis of defense-related compounds, there are few studies addressing how Mn deficiency can impact tree defense mechanisms and the ensuing ecological patterns and processes. Understanding this relationship and highlighting the potentially deleterious effects of Mn deficiency in trees can also inform silvicultural and management decisions to build more robust forests. In this review, we address this relationship, focusing on forest trees. We describe Mn availability in forest soils, characterize the known impacts of Mn deficiency in plant susceptibility, and discuss the relationship between Mn and defense-related compounds by secondary metabolite class. In our review, we find several lines of evidence that low Mn availability is linked with lowered or altered secondary metabolite activity. Additionally, we compile documented instances where Mn limitation has altered the defense capabilities of the host plant and propose potential ecological repercussions when studies are not available. Ultimately, this review aims to highlight the importance of untangling the effects of Mn limitation on the ecophysiology of plants, with a focus on forest trees in both managed and natural stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lim-Hing
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 East Green Street, Athens, 30602, Georgia, USA; Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, 120 Carlton Street, Athens, 30602, Georgia, USA.
| | - Kamal J K Gandhi
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 East Green Street, Athens, 30602, Georgia, USA
| | - Caterina Villari
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 East Green Street, Athens, 30602, Georgia, USA.
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Reinecke A, Flaig IC, Lozano YM, Rillig MC, Hilker M. Drought induces moderate, diverse changes in the odour of grassland species. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 221:114040. [PMID: 38428627 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Plants react to drought stress with numerous changes including altered emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from leaves, which provide protection against oxidative tissue damage and mediate numerous biotic interactions. Despite the share of grasslands in the terrestrial biosphere, their importance as carbon sinks and their contribution to global biodiversity, little is known about the influence of drought on VOC profiles of grassland species. Using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analysed the odorants emitted by 22 European grassland species exposed to an eight-week-lasting drought treatment (DT; 30% water holding capacity, WHC). We focused on the odorants emitted during the light phase from whole plant shoots in their vegetative stage. Emission rates were standardised to the dry weight of each shoot. Well-watered (WW) plants (70% WHC) served as control. Drought-induced significant changes included an increase in total emission rates of plant VOC in six and a decrease in three species. Diverging effects on the number of emitted VOC (chemical richness) or on the Shannon diversity of the VOC profiles were detected in 13 species. Biosynthetic pathways-targeted analyses revealed 13 species showing drought-induced higher emission rates of VOC from one, two, three, or four major biosynthetic pathways (lipoxygenase, shikimate, mevalonate and methylerythritol phosphate pathway), while six species exhibited reduced emission rates from one or two of these pathways. Similarity trees of odorant profiles and their drought-induced changes based on a biosynthetically informed distance metric did not match species phylogeny. However, a phylogenetic signal was detected for the amount of terpenoids released by the studied species under WW and DT conditions. A comparative analysis of emission rates of single compounds released by WW and DT plants revealed significant VOC profile dissimilarities in four species only. The moderate drought-induced changes in the odorant emissions of grassland species are discussed with respect to their impact on trophic interactions across the food web. (294 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reinecke
- Freie Universität Berlin, Inst. of Biology, Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Isabelle C Flaig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Inst. of Biology, Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yudi M Lozano
- Freie Universität Berlin, Inst. of Biology, Plant Ecology, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Inst. of Biology, Plant Ecology, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Hilker
- Freie Universität Berlin, Inst. of Biology, Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Licciardello G, Doppler M, Sicher C, Bueschl C, Ruso D, Schuhmacher R, Perazzolli M. Metabolic changes in tomato plants caused by psychrotolerant Antarctic endophytic bacteria might be implicated in cold stress mitigation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14352. [PMID: 38764037 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is responsible for mild winters and warm springs that can induce premature plant development, increasing the risk of exposure to cold stress with a severe reduction in plant growth. Tomato plants are sensitive to cold stress and beneficial microorganisms can increase their tolerance. However, scarce information is available on mechanisms stimulated by bacterial endophytes in tomato plants against cold stress. This study aimed to clarify metabolic changes stimulated by psychrotolerant endophytic bacteria in tomato plants exposed to cold stress and annotate compounds possibly associated with cold stress mitigation. Tomato seeds were inoculated with two bacterial endophytes isolated from Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis plants (Ewingella sp. S1.OA.A_B6 and Pseudomonas sp. S2.OTC.A_B10) or with Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN, while mock-inoculated seeds were used as control. The metabolic composition of tomato plants was analyzed immediately after cold stress exposure (4°C for seven days) or after two and four days of recovery at 25°C. Under cold stress, the content of malondialdehyde, phenylalanine, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid was lower in bacterium-inoculated compared to mock-inoculated plants, indicating a reduction of lipid peroxidation and the stimulation of phenolic compound metabolism. The content of two phenolic compounds, five putative phenylalanine-derived dipeptides, and three further phenylalanine-derived compounds was higher in bacterium-inoculated compared to mock-inoculated samples under cold stress. Thus, psychrotolerant endophytic bacteria can reprogram polyphenol metabolism and stimulate the accumulation of secondary metabolites, like 4-hydroxybenzoic and salicylic acid, which are presumably involved in cold stress mitigation, and phenylalanine-derived dipeptides possibly involved in plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Licciardello
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Maria Doppler
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
- Core Facility Bioactive Molecules: Screening and Analysis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Carmela Sicher
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Christoph Bueschl
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - David Ruso
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Michele Perazzolli
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
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Wu X, Cui Z, Li X, Yu Z, Lin P, Xue L, Khan A, Ou C, Deng Z, Zhang M, Yao W, Yu F. Identification and characterization of PAL genes involved in the regulation of stem development in Saccharum spontaneum L. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:38. [PMID: 38689211 PMCID: PMC11061975 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saccharum spontaneum L. is a closely related species of sugarcane and has become an important genetic component of modern sugarcane cultivars. Stem development is one of the important factors for affecting the yield, while the molecular mechanism of stem development remains poorly understanding in S. spontaneum. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a vital component of both primary and secondary metabolism, contributing significantly to plant growth, development and stress defense. However, the current knowledge about PAL genes in S. spontaneum is still limited. Thus, identification and characterization of the PAL genes by transcriptome analysis will provide a theoretical basis for further investigation of the function of PAL gene in sugarcane. RESULTS In this study, 42 of PAL genes were identified, including 26 SsPAL genes from S. spontaneum, 8 ShPAL genes from sugarcane cultivar R570, and 8 SbPAL genes from sorghum. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SsPAL genes were divided into three groups, potentially influenced by long-term natural selection. Notably, 20 SsPAL genes were existed on chromosomes 4 and 5, indicating that they are highly conserved in S. spontaneum. This conservation is likely a result of the prevalence of whole-genome replications within this gene family. The upstream sequence of PAL genes were found to contain conserved cis-acting elements such as G-box and SP1, GT1-motif and CAT-box, which collectively regulate the growth and development of S. spontaneum. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that SsPAL genes of stem had a significantly upregulated than that of leaves, suggesting that they may promote the stem growth and development, particularly in the + 6 stem (The sixth cane stalk from the top to down) during the growth stage. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed the molecular characteristics of SsPAL genes and indicated that they may play a vital role in stem growth and development of S. spontaneum. Altogether, our findings will promote the understanding of the molecular mechanism of S. spontaneum stem development, and also contribute to the sugarcane genetic improving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zetian Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zehuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Pingping Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Li Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Abdullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Cailan Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zuhu Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Fan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Menaker Y, van den Munckhof I, Scarpa A, Placek K, Brandes-Leibovitz R, Glantzspiegel Y, Joosten LAB, Rutten JHW, Netea MG, Gat-Viks I, Riksen NP. Stratification of Atherosclerosis based on Plasma Metabolic States. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1250-1262. [PMID: 38044551 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Atherosclerosis is a dominant cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction and stroke. OBJECTIVE To investigate metabolic states that are associated with the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS Cross-sectional cohort study at a university hospital in the Netherlands. A total of 302 adult subjects with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m2 were included. We integrated plasma metabolomics with clinical metadata to quantify the "atherogenic state" of each individual, providing a continuous spectrum of atherogenic states that ranges between nonatherogenic states to highly atherogenic states. RESULTS Analysis of groups of individuals with different clinical conditions-such as metabolically healthy individuals with obesity, and individuals with metabolic syndrome-confirmed the generalizability of this spectrum; revealed a wide variation of atherogenic states within each condition; and allowed identification of metabolites that are associated with the atherogenic state regardless of the particular condition, such as gamma-glutamyl-glutamic acid and homovanillic acid sulfate. The analysis further highlighted metabolic pathways such as catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and biosynthesis of estrogens and phenylpropanoids. Using validation cohorts, we confirmed variation in atherogenic states in healthy subjects (before atherosclerosis plaques become visible), and showed that metabolites associated with the atherogenic state were also associated with future CVD. CONCLUSION Our results provide a global view of atherosclerosis risk states using plasma metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Menaker
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Inge van den Munckhof
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Scarpa
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Placek
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rachel Brandes-Leibovitz
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yossef Glantzspiegel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Joost H W Rutten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Irit Gat-Viks
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Pereira Duarte R, Cancela Ramos HC, Rodrigues Xavier L, Azevedo Vimercati Pirovani A, Souza Rodrigues A, Turquetti-Moraes DK, Rodrigues da Silva Junior I, Motta Venâncio T, Silveira V, Gonzaga Pereira M. Comparative proteomic analysis of papaya bud flowers reveals metabolic signatures and pathways driving hermaphrodite development. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8867. [PMID: 38632280 PMCID: PMC11024100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya) is a trioecious species with female, male, and hermaphrodite plants. Given the sex segregation, selecting hermaphroditic plants is vital for orchard establishment due to their greater commercial value. However, selecting hermaphrodite plants through sexing is laborious and costly. Moreover, environmental stressors can exacerbate the issue by potentially inducing abnormal flower development, thus affecting fruit quality. Despite these challenges, the molecular mechanisms governing sex development in papaya remain poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to identify proteins associated with sex development in female and hermaphrodite flowers of papaya through comparative proteomic analysis. Proteins from flower buds at the early and late developmental stages of three papaya genotypes (UENF-CALIMAN 01, JS12, and Sunrise Solo 72/12) were studied via proteomic analysis via the combination of the shotgun method and nanoESI-HDMSE technology. In buds at an early stage of development, 496 (35.9%) proteins exhibited significantly different abundances between sexes for the SS72/12 genotype, 139 (10%) for the JS12 genotype, and 165 (11.9%) for the UC-01 genotype. At the final stage of development, there were 181 (13.5%) for SS72/12, 113 (8.4%) for JS12, and 125 (9.1%) for UC-01. The large group of differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) between the sexes was related to metabolism, as shown by the observation of only the proteins that exhibited the same pattern of accumulation in the three genotypes. Specifically, carbohydrate metabolism proteins were up-regulated in hermaphrodite flower buds early in development, while those linked to monosaccharide and amino acid metabolism increased during late development. Enrichment of sporopollenin and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways characterizes hermaphrodite samples across developmental stages, with predicted protein interactions highlighting the crucial role of phenylpropanoids in sporopollenin biosynthesis for pollen wall formation. Most of the DAPs played key roles in pectin, cellulose, and lignin synthesis and were essential for cell wall formation and male flower structure development, notably in the pollen coat. These findings suggest that hermaphrodite flowers require more energy for development, likely due to complex pollen wall formation. Overall, these insights illuminate the molecular mechanisms of papaya floral development, revealing complex regulatory networks and energetic demands in the formation of male reproductive structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Pereira Duarte
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal - LMGV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil.
| | - Helaine Christine Cancela Ramos
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal - LMGV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rodrigues Xavier
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia - LBT, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Adriana Azevedo Vimercati Pirovani
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal - LMGV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Alex Souza Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal - LMGV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Dayana Kelly Turquetti-Moraes
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos - LQFPP, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Izaias Rodrigues da Silva Junior
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal - LMGV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Thiago Motta Venâncio
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos - LQFPP, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia - LBT, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Messias Gonzaga Pereira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal - LMGV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
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Meng L, Yang H, Yang J, Wang Y, Ye T, Xiang L, Chan Z, Wang Y. Tulip transcription factor TgWRKY75 activates salicylic acid and abscisic acid biosynthesis to synergistically promote petal senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2435-2450. [PMID: 38243353 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play a central role in controlling plant organ senescence; however, it is unclear whether and how they regulate petal senescence in the widely grown ornamental plant tulip (Tulipa gesneriana). In this study, we report that TgWRKY75 promotes petal senescence by enhancing the synthesis of both abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) in tulip and in transgenic Arabidopsis. The expression level of TgWRKY75 was up-regulated in senescent petals, and exogenous ABA or SA treatment induced its expression. The endogenous contents of ABA and SA significantly increased during petal senescence and in response to TgWRKY75 overexpression. Two SA synthesis-related genes, TgICS1 and TgPAL1, were identified as direct targets of TgWRKY75, which binds to their promoters. In parallel, TgWRKY75 activated the expression of the ABA biosynthesis-related gene TgNCED3 via directly binding to its promoter region. Site mutation of the W-box core motif located in the promoters of TgICS1, TgPAL1, and TgNCED3 eliminated their interactions with TgWRKY75. In summary, our study demonstrates a dual regulation of ABA and SA biosynthesis by TgWRKY75, revealing a synergistic process of tulip petal senescence through feedback regulation between TgWRKY75 and the accumulation of ABA and SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Meng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 30070, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Haipo Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 30070, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jinli Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yaping Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 30070, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yanping Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Yan F, Wei T, Yang C, Yang Y, Luo Z, Jiang Y. Combined Analysis of Untargeted Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Revealed Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment in Zelkova schneideriana. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:488. [PMID: 38674422 PMCID: PMC11050531 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz is a valuable ornamental tree and timber source, whose seedling breeding and large-scale cultivation are restricted by low seed germination and seedling rates. The regulatory mechanisms underlying seed germination and seedling establishment in Z. schneideriana remain unknown. This study conducted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of seed germination and seedling establishment in Z. schneideriana. Regular expression of genes and metabolite levels has been observed in plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The reduction in abscisic acid during seed germination may lead to seed release from dormancy. After the seed is released from dormancy, the metabolic levels of auxin, cytokinins, brassinolide, and various sugars are elevated, and they are consumed in large quantities during the seedling establishment stage. Linoleic acid metabolism is gradually activated during seedling establishment. Transcriptome analysis showed that a large number of genes in different metabolic pathways are upregulated during plant establishment, and material metabolism may be accelerated during seedling establishment. Genes regulating carbohydrate metabolism are altered during seed germination and seedling establishment, which may have altered the efficiency of carbohydrate utilization. In addition, the syntheses of lignin monomers and cellulose have different characteristics at different stages. These results provide new insights into the complex mechanisms underlying seed germination and seedling establishment in Z. schneideriana and other woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Tangmei Wei
- Xingyi Forestry Bureau, Qianxinan Prefecture Guizhou, Guiyang 562400, China;
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Yanbing Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Zaiqi Luo
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yunli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
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Li HH, Chen XW, Zhai FH, Li YT, Zhao HM, Mo CH, Luo Y, Xing B, Li H. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Alleviates Charged Nanoplastic Stress in Host Plants via Enhanced Defense-Related Gene Expressions and Hyphal Capture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6258-6273. [PMID: 38450439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Contamination of small-sized plastics is recognized as a factor of global change. Nanoplastics (NPs) can readily enter organisms and pose significant ecological risks. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are the most ubiquitous and impactful plant symbiotic fungi, regulating essential ecological functions. Here, we first found that an AM fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, increased lettuce shoot biomass by 25-100% when exposed to positively and negatively charged NPs vs control, although it did not increase that grown without NPs. The stress alleviation was attributed to the upregulation of gene expressions involving phytohormone signaling, cell wall metabolism, and oxidant scavenging. Using a root organ-fungus axenic growth system treated with fluorescence-labeled NPs, we subsequently revealed that the hyphae captured NPs and further delivered them to roots. NPs were observed at the hyphal cell walls, membranes, and spore walls. NPs mediated by the hyphae were localized at the root epidermis, cortex, and stele. Hyphal exudates aggregated positively charged NPs, thereby reducing their uptake due to NP aggregate formation (up to 5000 nm). This work demonstrates the critical roles of AM fungus in regulating NP behaviors and provides a potential strategy for NP risk mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems. Consequent NP-induced ecological impacts due to the affected AM fungi require further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xun Wen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Feng Hua Zhai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Tao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hai Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Shen B, Li W, Zheng Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Qu M, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Pang K, Feng Y, Wu J, Zeng B. Morphological and molecular response mechanisms of the root system of different Hemarthria compressa species to submergence stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1342814. [PMID: 38638357 PMCID: PMC11024365 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1342814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The severity of flood disasters is increasing due to climate change, resulting in a significant reduction in the yield and quality of forage crops worldwide. This poses a serious threat to the development of agriculture and livestock. Hemarthria compressa is an important high-quality forage grass in southern China. In recent years, frequent flooding has caused varying degrees of impacts on H. compressa and their ecological environment. Methods In this study, we evaluated differences in flooding tolerance between the root systems of the experimental materials GY (Guang Yi, flood-tolerant) and N1291 (N201801291, flood-sensitive). We measured their morphological indexes after 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d of submergence stress and sequenced their transcriptomes at 8 h and 24 h, with 0 h as the control. Results During submergence stress, the number of adventitious roots and root length of both GY and N1291 tended to increase, but the overall growth of GY was significantly higher than that of N1291. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 6046 and 7493 DEGs were identified in GY-8h and GY-24h, respectively, and 9198 and 4236 DEGs in N1291-8h and N1291-24h, respectively, compared with the control. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated the GO terms mainly enriched among the DEGs were oxidation-reduction process, obsolete peroxidase reaction, and other antioxidant-related terms. The KEGG pathways that were most significantly enriched were phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction etc. The genes of transcription factor families, such as C2H2, bHLH and bZIP, were highly expressed in the H. compressa after submergence, which might be closely related to the submergence adaptive response mechanisms of H. compressa. Discussion This study provides basic data for analyzing the molecular and morphological mechanisms of H. compressa in response to submergence stress, and also provides theoretical support for the subsequent improvement of submergence tolerance traits of H. compressa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingna Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqian Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinuo Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shanxi, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Prataculture, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinchen Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou, China
| | - Kaiyue Pang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanlong Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahai Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing University Herbivore Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
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He L, Liu P, Mei L, Luo H, Ban T, Chen X, Ma B. Disease resistance features of the executor R gene Xa7 reveal novel insights into the interaction between rice and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1365989. [PMID: 38633460 PMCID: PMC11021754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1365989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is a widespread and destructive disease in rice production. Previously, we cloned an executor R gene, Xa7, which confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to BB. Here, we further confirmed that the transcription activator-like effector (TALE) AvrXa7 in Xoo strains could directly bind to the effector-binding element (EBE) in the promoter of the Xa7 gene. Other executor R genes (Xa7, Xa10, Xa23, and Xa27) driven by the promoter of the Xa7 gene could be activated by AvrXa7 and trigger the hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco leaves. When the expression of the Xa23 gene was driven by the Xa7 promoter, the transgenic rice plants displayed a similar resistance spectrum as the Xa7 gene, demonstrating that the disease resistance characteristics of executor R genes are mainly determined by their induction patterns. Xa7 gene is induced locally by Xoo in the infected leaves, and its induction not only inhibited the growth of incompatible strains but also enhanced the resistance of rice plants to compatible strains, which overcame the shortcomings of its race-specific resistance. Transcriptome analysis of the Xa7 gene constitutive expression in rice plants displayed that Xa7-mediated disease resistance was related to the biosynthesis of lignin and thus enhanced resistance to Xoo. Overall, our results provided novel insights and important resources for further clarifying the molecular mechanisms of the executor R genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xifeng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Bojun Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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50
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Zhang H, Sui Y, Liu W, Yan M, Wang Z, Yan X, Cui H. Identification of a cis-element for long glandular trichome-specific gene expression, which is targeted by a HD-ZIP IV protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130579. [PMID: 38432280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes are epidermal outgrowths that secret a variety of secondary metabolites, which not only help plants adapt to environmental stresses but also have important commercial value in fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. In Nicotiana tabacum, it has been confirmed that a B-type cyclin, CycB2, negatively regulates the formation of long glandular trichomes (LGTs). This study aimed to identify the upstream regulatory gene involved in LGT formation by screening LGT-specific cis-elements within the NtCycB2 promoter. Using GUS as a reporter gene, the tissue-driven ability of NtCycB2 promoter showed that NtCycB2 promoter could drive GUS expression specifically in LGTs. Function analysis of a series of successive 5' truncations and synthetic segments of the NtCycB2 promoter indicated that the 87-bp region from -1221 to -1134 of the NtCycB2 promoter was required for gene expression in LGTs, and the L1-element (5'-AAAATTAATAAGAG-3') located in the 87-bp region contributed to the gene expression in the stalk of LGTs. Further Y1H and LUC assays confirmed that this L1-element exclusively binds to a HD-Zip IV protein, NtHD13. Gene function analysis revealed that NtHD13 positively controlled LGT formation, as overexpression of NtHD13 resulted in a high number of LGTs, whereas knockout of NtHD13 led to a decrease in LGTs. These findings demonstrate that NtHD13 can bind to an L1-element within the NtCycB2 promoter to regulate LGT formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yalin Sui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Meiqi Yan
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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